Soil organic matter (SOM) improves soil fertility and mitigates disturbance related to climate and land use change. Microbial necromass (the accumulated cellular residues of microorganisms) comprises the majority of soil C, yet the formation and persistence of necromass in relation to mineralogy is poorly understood. We tested whether soil minerals had different microbial necromass association mechanisms. Specifically, we tested whether microbial necromass directly sorbed to mineral surfaces or was consumed by live microorganisms prior to mineral association. Applying Raman microspectroscopy with 13C enriched microbial necromass to quantify microbe-mineral interactions, we show that mineralogy alters the initial mechanism of microbial necromass association. In the presence of K-feldspar (lower abiotic C preservation potential), microbial necromass required assimilation by live microorganisms for mineral retention. In contrast, with amorphous aluminum hydroxide (higher abiotic C preservation potential) microbial necromass was retained predominately through abiotic sorption, and was subsequently protected from microbial decomposition. Despite different mechanisms, both minerals retained similar quantities of microbial necromass under biotic conditions. Mineralogy determined not only the quantity of mineral-associated C, but the distinct pathway of microbial necromass association. These findings show the utility of Raman microspectroscopy as a technique to study microbe-mineral interactions, and imply that heterogeneity in mineral-organic interactions could result in gradients of organic matter stability.
Atmospheric nitrate (NO3− = particulate NO3− + gas‐phase nitric acid [HNO3]) and sulfate (SO42−) are key molecules that play important roles in numerous atmospheric processes. Here, the seasonal cycles of NO3− and total suspended particulate sulfate (SO42−(TSP)) were evaluated at the South Pole from aerosol samples collected weekly for approximately 10 months (26 January to 25 October) in 2002 and analyzed for their concentration and isotopic compositions. Aerosol NO3− was largely affected by snowpack emissions in which [NO3−] and δ15N(NO3−) were highest (49.3 ± 21.4 ng/m3, n = 8) and lowest (−47.0 ± 11.7‰, n = 5), respectively, during periods of sunlight in the interior of Antarctica. The seasonal cycle of Δ17O(NO3−) reflected tropospheric chemistry year‐round with lower values observed during sunlight periods and higher values observed during dark periods, reflecting shifts from HOx‐ to O3‐dominated oxidation chemistry. SO42−(TSP)concentrations were highest during austral summer and fall (86.7 ± 73.7 ng/m3, n = 18) and are indicated to be derived from dimethyl sulfide (DMS) emissions, as δ34S(SO42−)(TSP)values (18.5 ± 1.0‰, n = 10) were similar to literature δ34S(DMS) values. The seasonal cycle of Δ17O(SO42−)(TSP) exhibited minima during austral summer (0.9 ± 0.1‰, n = 5) and maxima during austral fall (1.3 ± 0.3‰, n = 6) and austral spring (1.6 ± 0.1‰, n = 5), indicating a shift from HOx‐ to O3‐dominated chemistry in the atmospheric derived SO42−component. Overall, the budgets of NO3− and SO42−(TSP) at the South Pole were complex functions of transport, localized chemistry, biological activity, and meteorological conditions, and these results will be important for interpretations of oxyanions in ice core records in the interior of Antarctica.
","language":"English","publisher":"AGU","doi":"10.1029/2019JD030517","usgsCitation":"Walters, W., Michalski, G., Bohlke, J., Alexander, B., Savarino, J., and Thiemens, M., 2019, Assessing the seasonal dynamics of nitrate and sulfate aerosols at the South Pole utilizing stable isotopes: Journal of Geophysical Research D: Atmospheres, v. 124, no. 14, p. 8161-8167, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JD030517.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"8161","endPage":"8167","ipdsId":"IP-108695","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":467475,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2019jd030517","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":366659,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Antarctica, South Pole","volume":"124","issue":"14","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-07-22","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Walters, W.W.","contributorId":218181,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Walters","given":"W.W.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16929,"text":"Brown University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":768636,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Michalski, G.","contributorId":218182,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Michalski","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13186,"text":"Purdue University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":768637,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bohlke, J.K. 0000-0001-5693-6455 jkbohlke@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5693-6455","contributorId":191103,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bohlke","given":"J.K.","email":"jkbohlke@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36183,"text":"Hydro-Ecological Interactions Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":768635,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Alexander, B.","contributorId":218183,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Alexander","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6934,"text":"University of Washington","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":768638,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Savarino, J.","contributorId":218184,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Savarino","given":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":39773,"text":"Univ. Grenoble Alpes, France","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":768639,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Thiemens, M.H.","contributorId":218185,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Thiemens","given":"M.H.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":15303,"text":"University of California, San Diego","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":768640,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70223303,"text":"70223303 - 2019 - Replicated landscape genomics identifies evidence of local adaptation to urbanization in wood frogs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-20T13:12:45.82809","indexId":"70223303","displayToPublicDate":"2019-07-06T08:05:57","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2333,"text":"Journal of Heredity","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Replicated landscape genomics identifies evidence of local adaptation to urbanization in wood frogs","docAbstract":"Native species that persist in urban environments may benefit from local adaptation to novel selection factors. We used double-digest restriction-side associated DNA (RAD) sequencing to evaluate shifts in genome-wide genetic diversity and investigate the presence of parallel evolution associated with urban-specific selection factors in wood frogs (Lithobates sylvaticus). Our replicated paired study design involved 12 individuals from each of 4 rural and urban populations to improve our confidence that detected signals of selection are indeed associated with urbanization. Genetic diversity measures were less for urban populations; however, the effect size was small, suggesting little biological consequence. Using an FST outlier approach, we identified 37 of 8344 genotyped single nucleotide polymorphisms with consistent evidence of directional selection across replicates. A genome-wide association study analysis detected modest support for an association between environment type and 12 of the 37 FST outlier loci. Discriminant analysis of principal components using the 37 FST outlier loci produced correct reassignment for 87.5% of rural samples and 93.8% of urban samples. Eighteen of the 37 FST outlier loci mapped to the American bullfrog (Rana [Lithobates] catesbeiana) genome, although none were in coding regions. This evidence of parallel evolution to urban environments provides a powerful example of the ability of urban landscapes to direct evolutionary processes.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1093/jhered/esz041","usgsCitation":"Loftin, C., Homola, J.J., Cammen, K.M., Helbing, C., Birol, I., Schultz, T.F., and Kinnison, M., 2019, Replicated landscape genomics identifies evidence of local adaptation to urbanization in wood frogs: Journal of Heredity, v. 110, no. 6, p. 707-719, https://doi.org/10.1093/jhered/esz041.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"707","endPage":"719","ipdsId":"IP-101743","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":467476,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jhered/esz041","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":388224,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maine","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -71.026611328125,\n 43.16512263158296\n ],\n [\n -67.24731445312499,\n 43.16512263158296\n ],\n [\n -67.24731445312499,\n 45.251688256117646\n ],\n [\n -71.026611328125,\n 45.251688256117646\n ],\n [\n -71.026611328125,\n 43.16512263158296\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"110","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-07-06","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Loftin, Cyndy 0000-0001-9104-3724 cyndy_loftin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9104-3724","contributorId":146427,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loftin","given":"Cyndy","email":"cyndy_loftin@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":821658,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Homola, Jared J.","contributorId":264547,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Homola","given":"Jared","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":7063,"text":"University of Maine","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":821659,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cammen, Kristina M.","contributorId":264549,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cammen","given":"Kristina","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":7063,"text":"University of Maine","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":821660,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Helbing, Caren C.","contributorId":264551,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Helbing","given":"Caren C.","affiliations":[{"id":16829,"text":"University of Victoria","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":821661,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Birol, Inanc","contributorId":264553,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Birol","given":"Inanc","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":54495,"text":"British Columbia Cancer Agency","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":821662,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Schultz, Thomas F.","contributorId":264554,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schultz","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":12643,"text":"Duke University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":821663,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Kinnison, Michael T.","contributorId":264555,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kinnison","given":"Michael T.","affiliations":[{"id":7063,"text":"University of Maine","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":821664,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70209643,"text":"70209643 - 2019 - The influence of foreland structures on hinterland cooling: evaluating the drivers of exhumation in the eastern Bhutan Himalaya","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-04-17T11:59:30.793732","indexId":"70209643","displayToPublicDate":"2019-07-06T06:54:55","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3524,"text":"Tectonics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The influence of foreland structures on hinterland cooling: evaluating the drivers of exhumation in the eastern Bhutan Himalaya","docAbstract":"Understanding, and ideally quantifying, the relative roles of climatic and tectonic processes during orogenic exhumation is critical to resolving the dynamics of mountain building. However, vastly differing opinions regarding proposed drivers often complicate how thermochronometric ages are interpreted, particularly from the hinterland portions of thrust belts. Here we integrate three possible cross section geometries and kinematics along a transect through the eastern Bhutan Himalaya with a thermal model (Pecube-D) to calculate the resulting thermal field and predict potential ages. We compare predicted ages to a suite of new and published cooling ages. Our results argue for ramp-focused exhumation of the Main Central Thrust (MCT) from 16 to 14 Ma at shortening rates of 40-55 mm/yr, followed by slower rates (25 mm/yr) during the last 50 km of MCT displacement and growth of the Lesser Himalayan (LH) duplex from 14-11 Ma. Emplacement of frontal LH thrust sheets occurred rapidly (55-70 mm/yr) between ~11 and 9 Ma, followed by a decrease in shortening rates to ~10 mm/yr during motion on the Main Boundary Thrust (MBT). Modern shortening rates (17 mm/yr) and out-of-sequence motion on the MBT from 0.5 Ma to present reproduce the young cooling ages near the MBT. We show that the dominant control on exhumation patterns in a fold-thrust belt results from the evolution of ramps and emphasize that the geometry and kinematics of structures driving hinterland exhumation need to be evaluated with their linked foreland structures to ensure the viability of the proposed geometry, kinematics and thus cooling history.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1029/2018TC005340","collaboration":"","usgsCitation":"McQuarrie, N., Eizenhofer, P.R., Long, S.P., Tobgay, T., Ehlers, T.A., Blythe, A., Morgan, L.E., Gilmore, M., and Dering, G.M., 2019, The influence of foreland structures on hinterland cooling: evaluating the drivers of exhumation in the eastern Bhutan Himalaya: Tectonics, v. 38, no. 9, p. 3282-3310, https://doi.org/10.1029/2018TC005340.","productDescription":"29 p.","startPage":"3282","endPage":"3310","ipdsId":"IP-102501","costCenters":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":467477,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2018tc005340","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":437395,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9CLDHOQ","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Argon geochronology data for eastern Bhutan"},{"id":374078,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Bhutan","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[91.69666,27.77174],[92.10371,27.45261],[92.03348,26.83831],[91.21751,26.80865],[90.37327,26.87572],[89.74453,26.7194],[88.83564,27.09897],[88.81425,27.29932],[89.47581,28.04276],[90.01583,28.29644],[90.73051,28.06495],[91.25885,28.04061],[91.69666,27.77174]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Bhutan\"}}]}","volume":"38","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-09-02","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McQuarrie, Nadine","contributorId":193432,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McQuarrie","given":"Nadine","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":787343,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Eizenhofer, Paul R.","contributorId":224209,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Eizenhofer","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":12465,"text":"University of Pittsburgh","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":787344,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Long, Sean P.","contributorId":193434,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Long","given":"Sean","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":787345,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Tobgay, Tobgay","contributorId":193433,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tobgay","given":"Tobgay","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":787346,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ehlers, Todd A.","contributorId":206718,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ehlers","given":"Todd","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":37382,"text":"University of Tübingen","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":787347,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Blythe, Ann","contributorId":224210,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Blythe","given":"Ann","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36913,"text":"Occidental College","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":787348,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Morgan, Leah E. 0000-0001-9930-524X lemorgan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9930-524X","contributorId":176174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morgan","given":"Leah","email":"lemorgan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":787349,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Gilmore, Michelle","contributorId":224211,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gilmore","given":"Michelle","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12465,"text":"University of Pittsburgh","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":787350,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Dering, Gregory M.","contributorId":213188,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dering","given":"Gregory","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":38377,"text":"University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada Bureau of Mines and Geology","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":787351,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70204159,"text":"70204159 - 2019 - Lidar-based approaches for estimating solar insolation in heavily forested streams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-07-09T14:23:28","indexId":"70204159","displayToPublicDate":"2019-07-05T14:21:17","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1928,"text":"Hydrology and Earth System Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Lidar-based approaches for estimating solar insolation in heavily forested streams","docAbstract":"Methods to quantify solar insolation in riparian landscapes are needed due to the importance of stream temperature to aquatic biota. We have tested three lidar predictors using two approaches developed for other applications of estimating solar insolation from airborne lidar using field data collected in a heavily forested narrow stream in western Oregon, USA. We show that a raster methodology based on the light penetration index (LPI) and a synthetic hemispherical photograph approach both accurately predict solar insolation, explaining more than 73 % of the variability observed in pyranometers placed in the stream channel. We apply the LPI-based model to predict solar insolation for an entire riparian system and demonstrate that no field-based calibration is necessary to produce an unbiased prediction of solar insolation using airborne lidar alone.
No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.agrformet.2019.107646","usgsCitation":"Valayamkunnath, P., Sridhar, V., Zhao, W., Allen, R.G., and Germino, M., 2019, Corrigendum to “Intercomparison of surface energy fluxes, soil moisture, and evapotranspiration from eddy covariance, large-aperture scintillometer, and modeling across three ecosystems in a semiarid climate” [Agric. For. Meteorol. 248 (2018) 22–47]: Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, v. 278, 107646, 1 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2019.107646.","productDescription":"107646, 1 p.","ipdsId":"IP-108884","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":385117,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"278","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Valayamkunnath, Prasanth","contributorId":216799,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Valayamkunnath","given":"Prasanth","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12694,"text":"Virginia Tech","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":814269,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sridhar, Venkataramana","contributorId":216800,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sridhar","given":"Venkataramana","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12694,"text":"Virginia Tech","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":814270,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zhao, Wenguang","contributorId":195243,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zhao","given":"Wenguang","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":814271,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Allen, Richard G","contributorId":216801,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Allen","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"G","affiliations":[{"id":36394,"text":"University of Idaho","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":814272,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Germino, Matthew J. 0000-0001-6326-7579 mgermino@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6326-7579","contributorId":152582,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Germino","given":"Matthew J.","email":"mgermino@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":814273,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70204525,"text":"70204525 - 2019 - Locating shallow seismic sources with waves scattered by surface topography: Validation of the method at the Nevada Test Site","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-08-29T12:00:01","indexId":"70204525","displayToPublicDate":"2019-07-03T16:32:30","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Locating shallow seismic sources with waves scattered by surface topography: Validation of the method at the Nevada Test Site","docAbstract":"Accurate and robust source location is fundamental in seismology. Previously, we proposed a new full waveform location method using waves scattered by topography near the source, and we demonstrated its potential in obtaining accurate source location using synthetic data. In the work presented here, we validate this method with observed seismic data from the 1993 Non-Proliferation Experiment, a chemical explosion with a precisely known location in a region with moderate topography at the Nevada Test Site. We select the first arrivals (Pn/Pg) and their immediate codas to determine the source location and compare our solution with the known location. We use a collocated-grid finite-difference method to calculate the strain Green’s tensor in a grid-search volume containing the source, and obtain three-component synthetic waveforms at 12 broadband seismic stations at regional distances using source-receiver reciprocity. We assess the solution using a least-squares misfit between the observed and synthetic waveforms. When scattered coda waves are incorporated, the best solution is within a few hundreds of meters of the exact source location, and the estimated uncertainty of the solution is reduced compared to the waveform based solution using only the P waves. The solution is robust to the choice of the frequency content and to the addition of random velocity heterogeneity. We conclude that the full waveform source location method is effective for real seismic data, though more validation tests like this one are needed to further understand its efficacy for source-station geometry, roughness of topography, signal quality and other factors.","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2018JB017291","usgsCitation":"Wang, N., Shen, Y., Bao, X., and Flinders, A.F., 2019, Locating shallow seismic sources with waves scattered by surface topography: Validation of the method at the Nevada Test Site: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 124, no. 7, p. 7040-7051, https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JB017291.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"7040","endPage":"7051","ipdsId":"IP-091427","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":467481,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index 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\"}}]}","volume":"124","issue":"7","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-07-23","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wang, Nian","contributorId":217730,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wang","given":"Nian","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6922,"text":"University of Rhode Island","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":767392,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shen, Yang","contributorId":217731,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shen","given":"Yang","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6922,"text":"University of Rhode Island","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":767393,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bao, Xueyang","contributorId":217732,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bao","given":"Xueyang","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6922,"text":"University of Rhode Island","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":767394,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Flinders, Ashton F. 0000-0003-2483-4635 aflinders@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2483-4635","contributorId":196960,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flinders","given":"Ashton","email":"aflinders@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":153,"text":"California Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":767391,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70204203,"text":"70204203 - 2019 - Integrative taxonomy reveals a new species of freshwater mussel, Potamilus streckersoni sp. nov. (Bivalvia: Unionidae): Implications for conservation and management","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-09-16T09:38:48","indexId":"70204203","displayToPublicDate":"2019-07-03T15:23:42","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5671,"text":"Systematics and Biodiversity","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Integrative taxonomy reveals a new species of freshwater mussel, Potamilus streckersoni sp. nov. (Bivalvia: Unionidae): Implications for conservation and management","title":"Integrative taxonomy reveals a new species of freshwater mussel, Potamilus streckersoni sp. nov. (Bivalvia: Unionidae): Implications for conservation and management","docAbstract":"Inaccurate systematics confound our ability to determine evolutionary processes that have led to the diversification of many taxa. The North American freshwater mussel tribe Lampsilini is one of the better-studied groups in Unionidae, however, many supraspecific relationships between lampsiline genera remain unresolved. Two genera previously hypothesized to be non-monophyletic that have been largely overlooked are Leptodea and Potamilus. We set out to resolve supraspecific relationships in Lampsilini and test the monophyly of Leptodea and Potamilus by integrating molecular, morphological, and life history data. Our molecular matrix consisted of four loci: cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (CO1), NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1 (ND1), internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1), and 28S ribosomal RNA. Secondly, we performed both traditional and Fourier shape morphometric analyses to evaluate morphological differences and finally, we compared our results with available life history data. Molecular data supported the paraphyly of both Leptodea and Potamilus, but nodal support was insufficient to make any conclusions regarding generic-level assignments at this time. In contrast, inference from our integrative taxonomic assessment depicts significant support for the recognition of a new species, Potamilus streckersoni sp. nov., the Brazos Heelsplitter. Our data show clear separation of three taxonomic entities in the P. ohiensis species complex: P. amphichaenus, P. ohiensis, and P. streckersoni sp. nov.; all molecularly, geographically, and morphologically diagnosable. Our findings have profound implications for unionid taxonomy and will aid stakeholders in establishing effective conservation and management strategies.http://www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:502647C0-418B-4CC4-85A8-BD89FC3F674F
An automated disc infiltrometer was developed to improve the measurements of soil hydraulic properties (saturated hydraulic conductivity and sorptivity) of soils affected by wildfire. Guidelines are given for interpreting curves showing cumulative infiltration as a function of time measured by the autodisc. The autodisc was used to measure the variability of these soil hydraulic properties in three different sample sets: (a) a reference soil consisting of a nonrepellent, uniform, fine sand; (b) soils with the same soil textural classification derived from the same bedrock geology but having different initial burn severities; and (c) soils from different bedrock geology but having the same burn severity. The autodisc infiltrometer had greater sampling rates and volume resolution when compared with the visual minidisc infiltrometer from previous studies. There was no statistical difference in the mean values measured using the autodisc and visual minidisc, but the variability of the autodisc measurements was significantly less than the visual minidisc for a given set of samples. The greatest variability of soil hydraulic properties in reference samples with uniform particle size was attributed to different pore geometries (coefficient of variation [COV] = 0.28–0.34). Unburned field samples (same soil type) with heterogeneous particle sizes had greater variability (COV = 0.57–0.78) than the reference samples. However, this basic variability decreased or remained constant in these field samples as burn severity increased. Additional sources of variability (COV = 0.53–1.99) were attributed to multiple layers resulting from ash or sediment deposition. Results indicate that resolving differences in soil hydraulic properties from different sites requires more than the common 10 random samples because of the multiple sources of variability.
The 2010 MW 7.2 El Mayor‐Cucapah earthquake ruptured a zone of ~120 km in length in northern Baja California. The geographic distribution of this earthquake sequence was well constrained by waveform relocation. The depth distribution, however, was poorly determined as it is near the edge of, or outside, the Southern California Seismic Network. Here we use two complementary methods to constrain the focal depths of moderate‐sized events (M ≥ 4.0) in this sequence. We first determine the absolute earthquake depth by modeling the regional depth phases at high frequencies (~1 Hz). We mainly focus on Pn and its depth phases pPn and sPn, which arrive early at regional distance and are less contaminated by crustal multiples. To facilitate depth phase identification and to improve signal‐to‐noise ratio, we take advantage of the dense Southern California Seismic Network and use array analysis to align and stack Pn waveforms. For events without clear depth phases, we further determine their relative depths with respect to those with known depths using differential travel times of the Pn, direct P, and direct S phases recorded for event pairs. Focal depths of 93 out of 122 M ≥ 4.0 events are tightly constrained with absolute uncertainty of about 1 km. Aftershocks are clustered in the depth range of 3–10 km, suggesting a relatively shallow seismogenic zone, consistent with high surface heat flow in this region. Most aftershocks are located outside or near the lower terminus of coseismic high‐slip patches of the main shock, which may be governed by residual strains, local stress concentration, or postseismic slip.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2018JB016982","usgsCitation":"Yu, C., Hauksson, E., Zhan, Z., Cochran, E.S., and Helmberger, D., 2019, Depth determination of the 2010 El Mayor‐Cucapah earthquake sequence (M ≥ 4.0): Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 124, p. 6801-6814, https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JB016982.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"6801","endPage":"6814","ipdsId":"IP-102835","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":467486,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2018jb016982","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":368935,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Mexico","state":"Baja California","otherGeospatial":"Cucapah Fault, El Mayor Fault","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116.52099609375,\n 32.74570253945518\n ],\n [\n -115.8837890625,\n 31.109388560814963\n ],\n [\n -115.1806640625,\n 31.269160890477654\n ],\n [\n -115.29052734375,\n 31.695455797778713\n ],\n [\n -115.8233642578125,\n 32.84267363195431\n ],\n [\n -116.52099609375,\n 32.74570253945518\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"124","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-07-12","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yu, C.","contributorId":216383,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Yu","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13711,"text":"Caltech","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":774512,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hauksson, E.","contributorId":196003,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hauksson","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":774513,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zhan, Z.","contributorId":216384,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zhan","given":"Z.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13711,"text":"Caltech","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":774514,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cochran, Elizabeth S. 0000-0003-2485-4484 ecochran@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2485-4484","contributorId":2025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cochran","given":"Elizabeth","email":"ecochran@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":774511,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Helmberger, D.","contributorId":216385,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Helmberger","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13711,"text":"Caltech","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":774515,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70204194,"text":"70204194 - 2019 - Perspective: Developing flow policies to balance the water needs of humans and wetlands requires a landscape scale approach inclusive of future scenarios and multiple timescales","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-09-04T14:49:15","indexId":"70204194","displayToPublicDate":"2019-07-02T14:29:40","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3750,"text":"Wetlands","onlineIssn":"1943-6246","printIssn":"0277-5212","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Perspective: Developing flow policies to balance the water needs of humans and wetlands requires a landscape scale approach inclusive of future scenarios and multiple timescales","docAbstract":"Maintenance of the natural flow regime is essential for continued wetland integrity; however, the flow regime is greatly influenced by both natural and anthropogenic forces. Wetlands may be particularly susceptible to altered flow regimes as they are directly impacted by water flows at a variety of time scales. In Puerto Rico, contemporary water management is decreasing freshwater recharge to wetlands and contributes to the salinization of important coastal wetlands as sea levels rise. Further, downscaled climate models predict an increase in drought frequency, intensity, and duration by mid-century. Conflicts over water allocation seem imminent between human and ecological needs. Current minimum flow policies are insufficient given the complexities of ecosystem processes and the changes in precipitation patterns and sea level rise that are expected in the future. Improved flow policies need to be established that reflect the functional relationships between specific representative ecological resources and components of the natural flow regime across all relevant time scales. Similarly, flow policies need to be developed within a landscape scale to implicitly address the socio-ecological trade-offs as well as the complexities of water management. Multi-disciplinary collaborations will be essential for increasing our resiliency to anticipated future changes.","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Wetland Scientists","doi":"10.1007/s13157-019-01184-5","usgsCitation":"Murry, B., Bowden, J., Branoff, B., Garcia-Bermudez, M., Middleton, B., Ortiz-Zayas, J., Restrepo, C., and Terando, A., 2019, Perspective: Developing flow policies to balance the water needs of humans and wetlands requires a landscape scale approach inclusive of future scenarios and multiple timescales: Wetlands, p. 1-13, https://doi.org/10.1007/s13157-019-01184-5.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"13","ipdsId":"IP-104897","costCenters":[{"id":565,"text":"Southeast Climate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":365483,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":5,"text":"Lafayette PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-07-02","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Murry, Brent","contributorId":216870,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Murry","given":"Brent","affiliations":[{"id":39538,"text":"USFWS Science Applications, San Juan Puerto Rico","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":765942,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bowden, Jared","contributorId":197528,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bowden","given":"Jared","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":765943,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Branoff, Benjamin","contributorId":216871,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Branoff","given":"Benjamin","affiliations":[{"id":39539,"text":"University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":765944,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Garcia-Bermudez, Miguel","contributorId":216872,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Garcia-Bermudez","given":"Miguel","affiliations":[{"id":39540,"text":"USFWS Science Applications, San Juan, PR","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":765945,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Middleton, Beth 0000-0002-1220-2326","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1220-2326","contributorId":216869,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Middleton","given":"Beth","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":765941,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ortiz-Zayas, Jorge","contributorId":216873,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ortiz-Zayas","given":"Jorge","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":39539,"text":"University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":765946,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Restrepo, Carla","contributorId":216874,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Restrepo","given":"Carla","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":39541,"text":"University of Puerto Rico, San Juan PR","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":765947,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Terando, Adam J. 0000-0002-9280-043X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9280-043X","contributorId":216875,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Terando","given":"Adam J.","affiliations":[{"id":565,"text":"Southeast Climate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":765948,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70203573,"text":"sir20195047 - 2019 - Hydrologic site assessment for passive treatment of groundwater nitrogen with permeable reactive barriers, Cape Cod, Massachusetts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-07-03T15:13:24","indexId":"sir20195047","displayToPublicDate":"2019-07-02T14:15:00","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2019-5047","displayTitle":"Hydrologic Site Assessment for Passive Treatment of Groundwater Nitrogen With Permeable Reactive Barriers, Cape Cod, Massachusetts","title":"Hydrologic site assessment for passive treatment of groundwater nitrogen with permeable reactive barriers, Cape Cod, Massachusetts","docAbstract":"Wastewater disposal associated with rapid population growth and development on Cape Cod, Massachusetts, during the past several decades has resulted in widespread contamination of groundwater with nitrogen. As a result, water quality in many of the streams, lakes, and coastal embayments on Cape Cod is impaired by excess nitrogen. To reduce nitrogen loads to these impaired water bodies, watershed-based planning is currently [2019] underway following a regional strategy, the section 208 areawide water-quality management plan update for Cape Cod. In the updated plan, traditional (sewering) and alternative wastewater management options are under consideration for restoring water quality in impaired surface-water bodies. Permeable reactive barriers, which are reactive zones emplaced below the water table for passive treatment of groundwater contaminants, are one of the alternatives being considered by Cape Cod towns as a potentially cost-effective technology for the removal of nitrogen from groundwater. However, the effectiveness of permeable reactive barriers depends on local conditions, and site-specific hydrologic and water-quality data are needed to inform the decision to install a permeable reactive barrier in a given location. These data are not available in most locations on Cape Cod; consequently, site assessments are needed before selecting this treatment option.
To address this need, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, U.S. Geological Survey, and Cape Cod Commission formed a technical team in 2015 to develop and evaluate a hydrologic site-assessment approach for permeable reactive barrier installation. The approach developed by the technical team includes a preliminary regional assessment followed by a phased onsite investigation. The approach was intended to provide the hydrologic data needed to make informed decisions on site suitability and to support installation and monitoring should the site be deemed appropriate for a permeable reactive barrier. The factors that were evaluated to characterize local hydrologic conditions and inform site selection included groundwater flow directions and rates, depth to the water table, hydraulic conductivity and degree of heterogeneity of the aquifer, spatial distribution and concentration of nitrate and oxidation-reduction-sensitive constituents, thickness and depth of the treatment zone, distance to downgradient water bodies, and access for drilling and permeable reactive barrier installation. The approach was demonstrated on Cape Cod by conducting a preliminary assessment of 27 sites, from which 5 sites were selected for onsite investigations. Results indicated that the site-assessment approach was successful for screening sites and characterizing the geologic, hydrologic, and water-quality conditions at the sites selected for onsite investigations. Overall, the phased assessment evaluated in this study provided an efficient means of obtaining the hydrologic information needed to determine if a site was suitable for permeable reactive barrier installation on Cape Cod for the passive treatment of nitrogen in groundwater.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20195047","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","usgsCitation":"Barbaro, J.R., Belaval, M., Truslow, D.B., LeBlanc, D.R., Cambareri, T.C., and Michaud, S.C., 2019, Hydrologic site assessment for passive treatment of groundwater nitrogen with permeable reactive barriers, Cape Cod, Massachusetts: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2019–5047, 39 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20195047.","productDescription":"viii, 39 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-104222","costCenters":[{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":365261,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2019/5047/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":365262,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2019/5047/sir20195047.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.58 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2019-5047"}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts","otherGeospatial":"Cape Cod","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -70.24932861328125,\n 42.06356771883277\n ],\n [\n -70.2081298828125,\n 42.02481360781777\n ],\n [\n -70.1806640625,\n 42.01665183556825\n ],\n [\n -70.16693115234375,\n 42.032974332441405\n ],\n [\n -70.18890380859375,\n 42.04317376494972\n ],\n [\n -70.16143798828125,\n 42.06356771883277\n ],\n [\n -70.11199951171875,\n 42.04113400940807\n ],\n [\n -70.07904052734375,\n 41.92475971933975\n ],\n [\n -70.0653076171875,\n 41.89818843043047\n ],\n [\n -70.0543212890625,\n 41.920672548686824\n ],\n [\n -70.02960205078125,\n 41.92271616673922\n ],\n [\n -70.0213623046875,\n 41.887965758804484\n ],\n [\n -70.00762939453125,\n 41.81021999190292\n ],\n [\n -70.07080078125,\n 41.777456667491066\n ],\n [\n -70.125732421875,\n 41.76106872528616\n ],\n [\n -70.16693115234375,\n 41.75492216766298\n ],\n [\n -70.20263671875,\n 41.748775021355044\n ],\n [\n -70.257568359375,\n 41.7180304600481\n ],\n [\n -70.279541015625,\n 41.72828028223453\n ],\n [\n -70.345458984375,\n 41.74262728637672\n ],\n [\n -70.44158935546875,\n 41.75287318430239\n ],\n [\n -70.49102783203125,\n 41.77336007442076\n ],\n [\n -70.55145263671875,\n 41.775408403663285\n ],\n [\n -70.587158203125,\n 41.748775021355044\n ],\n [\n -70.6201171875,\n 41.73647896274239\n ],\n [\n -70.65582275390625,\n 41.68316883525891\n ],\n [\n -70.6475830078125,\n 41.64213096472801\n ],\n [\n -70.653076171875,\n 41.60312076451184\n ],\n [\n -70.64208984375,\n 41.57436130598913\n ],\n [\n -70.78765869140625,\n 41.47771800887871\n ],\n [\n -70.94146728515625,\n 41.42625319507269\n ],\n [\n -70.94970703125,\n 41.409775832009565\n ],\n [\n -70.86181640625,\n 41.41801503608024\n ],\n [\n -70.784912109375,\n 41.4509614012039\n ],\n [\n -70.653076171875,\n 41.51680395810118\n ],\n [\n -70.6201171875,\n 41.541477666790286\n ],\n [\n -70.5487060546875,\n 41.53531012183376\n ],\n [\n -70.48828125,\n 41.54764462357737\n ],\n [\n -70.4443359375,\n 41.588742636696765\n ],\n [\n -70.43060302734375,\n 41.60517452129933\n ],\n [\n -70.39764404296875,\n 41.60722821271717\n ],\n [\n -70.367431640625,\n 41.61749568924243\n ],\n [\n -70.3125,\n 41.6257084937525\n ],\n [\n -70.26580810546875,\n 41.60928183876483\n ],\n [\n -70.24108886718749,\n 41.6257084937525\n ],\n [\n -70.17791748046875,\n 41.65239288426814\n ],\n [\n -70.13946533203124,\n 41.65034063112266\n ],\n [\n -70.06805419921875,\n 41.66470503009207\n ],\n [\n -70.015869140625,\n 41.668808555620586\n ],\n [\n -69.98016357421875,\n 41.65239288426814\n ],\n [\n -70.0103759765625,\n 41.566141964768384\n ],\n [\n -70.0103759765625,\n 41.539421883822854\n ],\n [\n -69.9884033203125,\n 41.54764462357737\n ],\n [\n -69.98016357421875,\n 41.59490508367679\n ],\n [\n -69.92523193359375,\n 41.68316883525891\n ],\n [\n -69.93072509765625,\n 41.81431422987254\n ],\n [\n -69.97467041015625,\n 41.94927724511655\n ],\n [\n -70.048828125,\n 42.039094188385945\n ],\n [\n -70.13397216796875,\n 42.07783959017503\n ],\n [\n -70.21087646484375,\n 42.08803181932636\n ],\n [\n -70.24932861328125,\n 42.06356771883277\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, New England Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
331 Commerce Road, Suite 2
Pembroke, NH 03275-3718
We investigate the late Miocene‐Pleistocene offshore sedimentary record of the Yakutat microplate to evaluate the spatial and temporal variations in rock exhumation and sediment routing patterns at the heavily glaciated and actively converging plate boundary in southeast Alaska. We present 1,456 new fission track ages and 1,372 new U‐Pb ages from double‐dated detrital zircons derived from fourteen samples collected from offshore. We integrate our results with published geochronology and thermochronology data onland and offshore in order to constrain grain provenance. We find that offshore strata deposited east of the fold and thrust belt are sourced from the rapidly exhuming areas along the entire Fairweather Fault, the northeastern part of the syntaxial region, as well as the slowly exhuming Insular superterrane. In contrast, the western strata are sourced from the emerging fold and thrust belt and the Chugach Metamorphic Complex located north of the plate boundary. In these samples we identified a change in sediment provenance, which we suggest marks the capture of the Bagley Ice Valley by the proto‐Bering Glacier at the transition from the early to late Pliocene. This implies that the modern Bagley‐Bering Glacier System is much older than previously known. Strata deposited at ~8.6 Ma suggest that extreme rapid exhumation was already ongoing in the late Miocene, which supports previous findings in deep‐sea deposits. Overall, the data help discern several stages in the evolution of sediment routing patterns in response to dynamic tectonic and surficial processes along this active convergent margin.
In tectonically active regions, post-earthquake motions are generally shaped by a combination of continued fault slippage (afterslip) on a timescale of days to months and viscoelastic relaxation of the lower crust and upper mantle on a timescale of days to years. Transient crustal motions have been observed following numerous magnitude >~7 earthquakes in various tectonic settings: continental rift zones (Basin and Range), continental plate boundary zones (San Andreas fault corridor; Alaska; Turkey), subduction zones (Japan, Chile, Sumatra), ongoing continental collision zones (Arabia; Tibet), and mid-ocean rifting zones (Iceland). When afterslip can be discriminated from viscoelastic relaxation and when temporal coverage of the postseismic measurements is broad (i.e., geodetic surveys of at least several years duration are available), a wide spectrum of relaxation timescales are usually identified. Current temporal resolution and modeling approaches (e.g., Burgers body analog) allow identification of transient (Kelvin) and steady-state (Maxwell) viscosities that are operable in the short-term and long-term, respectively. I compile results from 40 studies of post-earthquake motions, augmented by ten studies of contemporary surface loading or unloading, that illuminate current estimates of transient and steady-state viscosity of the lower crust and/or uppermost mantle. Lower crust viscosity estimates range from ~1018 to 1021 Pa s, with most estimates near the upper end except in areas of overthickened crust. Mantle lithosphere and asthenosphere viscosity estimates are particularly abundant and yield a picture of transient viscosity ranging from ~1016 to 1019 Pa s and steady-state viscosity ranging from ~1018 to 1021 Pa s. To first order, both transient and steady-state viscosities are well correlated with regional heat flow, and steady-state viscosities are comparable with temperature and strain-rate dependent rock viscosities from laboratory-based flow laws.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.pepi.2019.106271","usgsCitation":"Pollitz, F., 2019, Lithosphere and shallow asthenosphere rheology from observations of post-earthquake relaxation: Physics of Earth and Planetary Interiors, v. 293, 106271, 12 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pepi.2019.106271.","productDescription":"106271, 12 p.","ipdsId":"IP-106528","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":420239,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"293","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pollitz, Frederick 0000-0002-4060-2706 fpollitz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4060-2706","contributorId":139578,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pollitz","given":"Frederick","email":"fpollitz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":881352,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70205595,"text":"70205595 - 2019 - Modeling transient soil moisture limitations on microbial carbon respiration: A cost-performance comparison","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-09-27T09:43:37","indexId":"70205595","displayToPublicDate":"2019-07-02T09:06:55","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1011,"text":"Biogeosciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modeling transient soil moisture limitations on microbial carbon respiration: A cost-performance comparison","docAbstract":"Soil microorganisms are known to survive periods of aridity and to recover rapidly after wetting events, with the ability to transition between a dormant state in dry conditions and an active state in wet conditions. Though this dynamic behavior has been previously incorporated into soil carbon respiration modeling frameworks, a direct comparison between this active-dormant transition mechanism and a more simplified first-order model has yet to be made. Here, we demonstrate the necessary extent of model complexity needed to reproduce transient carbon respiration rates obtained from a set of soil incubation experiments implemented over a range of soil depths and time intervals. Two approaches are tested, one uses simplified first-order kinetics whereas the other employs a transition between active and dormant biomass. The performance of each model is evaluated using an Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) based on the accuracy with which they reproduce an experimental dataset consisting of two sets of time series soil incubations collected across a range of time and depth resolutions. Based on the AIC evaluation and model-data comparison, we conclude that a dormancy-enabled model featuring two distinct microbial strategists performs best for the majority of the soil profile (above 108 cm) for both high- and low- depth resolution and sampling frequency, despite the added parameters required. In contrast, the first-order model achieves better AIC scores when simulating our deepest soils (112-165 cm), where moisture fluctuations are expected to be less prevalent. These results guide how and where we choose to apply more cost intensive models.","language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2018JG004628","usgsCitation":"Liu, Y., Lawrence, C.R., Mathew Winnick, Hsiao-Tieh Hsu, Maher, K., and Druhan, J., 2019, Modeling transient soil moisture limitations on microbial carbon respiration: A cost-performance comparison: Biogeosciences, v. 124, no. 7, p. 2222-2247, https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JG004628.","productDescription":"26 p.","startPage":"2222","endPage":"2247","ipdsId":"IP-091717","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":467487,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2018jg004628","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":367761,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"124","issue":"7","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-07-22","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Liu, Yuchen","contributorId":219247,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Liu","given":"Yuchen","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":39974,"text":"University Illinois","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":771792,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lawrence, Corey R. 0000-0001-6143-7781","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6143-7781","contributorId":202390,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lawrence","given":"Corey","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":771793,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mathew Winnick","contributorId":219248,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mathew Winnick","affiliations":[{"id":36396,"text":"University of Massachusetts","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":771794,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hsiao-Tieh Hsu","contributorId":219249,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hsiao-Tieh Hsu","affiliations":[{"id":6986,"text":"Stanford University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":771795,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Maher, Katherine","contributorId":219250,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Maher","given":"Katherine","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6986,"text":"Stanford University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":771796,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Druhan, Jennifer","contributorId":202381,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Druhan","given":"Jennifer","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36403,"text":"University of Illinois","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":771797,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70204499,"text":"70204499 - 2019 - Hydroacoustic, seismic, and bathymetric observations of the 2014 submarine eruption at Ahyi Seamount, Mariana Arc","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-08-13T15:19:39","indexId":"70204499","displayToPublicDate":"2019-07-02T07:30:53","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1757,"text":"Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydroacoustic, seismic, and bathymetric observations of the 2014 submarine eruption at Ahyi Seamount, Mariana Arc","docAbstract":"Ahyi seamount, a shallow submarine volcano in the Northern Mariana Islands, began erupting on April 23, 2014. Hydroacoustic eruption signals were observed on the regional Mariana seismic network and on distant hydrophones, and NOAA scuba divers working in the area soon after the eruption began heard and felt underwater explosion sounds. The NOAA crew observed yellow orange bubble mats along the shore of neighboring Farallon de Pájaros island, but no other surface manifestations of the eruption were reported by the crew or observed in satellite data. Here, we detail the eruption chronology and its morphologic impacts through analysis of seismic and hydroacoustic recordings and repeat bathymetric mapping. Throughout the 2-week-long eruption, Ahyi produced several thousand short, impulsive hydroacoustic signals that we interpret as underwater explosions as well as tremor near the beginning and end of the sequence. The initial tremor, which occurred for 2 hours, is interpreted as small phreatomagmatic explosions. This tremor was followed by a 90 min pause before the characteristic impulsive signals began. Occasional tremor (lasting up to a few minutes) during the last 1.5 days of the eruption is interpreted as more sustained eruptive activity. Bathymetric changes show that a new crater, about 150 m deep, formed near the former summit and a large landslide chute formed on the southeastern flank. Comparing to other geophysically-detected submarine eruptions, we find that the signals from the 2014 Ahyi eruption were more similar to those from other shallow or at surface submarine eruptions than those at deep (>500 m) eruptions.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1029/2019GC008311","usgsCitation":"Tepp, G., Chadwick, W.W., Haney, M.M., Lyons, J.J., Robert Dziak, Merle, S., Butterfield, D., and Young, C.W., 2019, Hydroacoustic, seismic, and bathymetric observations of the 2014 submarine eruption at Ahyi Seamount, Mariana Arc: Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, v. 20, no. 7, p. 3608-3627, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019GC008311.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"3608","endPage":"3627","ipdsId":"IP-105686","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":366024,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"20","issue":"7","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-07-26","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tepp, Gabrielle 0000-0001-5388-5138","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5388-5138","contributorId":206305,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tepp","given":"Gabrielle","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":767266,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chadwick, William W.","contributorId":216757,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chadwick","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":39510,"text":"NOAA/CIMRS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":767267,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Haney, Matthew M. 0000-0003-3317-7884 mhaney@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3317-7884","contributorId":172948,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haney","given":"Matthew","email":"mhaney@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":767268,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lyons, John J. 0000-0001-5409-1698 jlyons@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5409-1698","contributorId":5394,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lyons","given":"John","email":"jlyons@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":767269,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Robert Dziak","contributorId":217675,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Robert Dziak","affiliations":[{"id":39567,"text":"NOAA/PMEL","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":767270,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Merle, Susan","contributorId":217676,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Merle","given":"Susan","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":39568,"text":"Oregon State University/CIMRS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":767271,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Butterfield, Dave","contributorId":217677,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Butterfield","given":"Dave","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":39682,"text":"University of Washington/JISAO","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":767272,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Young, Charles W.","contributorId":217678,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Young","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":39683,"text":"NOAA/PIFSC","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":767273,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70259577,"text":"70259577 - 2019 - Alteration, mass analysis, and magmatic compositions of the Sentinel Bluffs Member, Columbia River flood basalt province: REPLY","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-10-15T11:14:39.296899","indexId":"70259577","displayToPublicDate":"2019-07-02T06:13:44","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1820,"text":"Geosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Alteration, mass analysis, and magmatic compositions of the Sentinel Bluffs Member, Columbia River flood basalt province: REPLY","docAbstract":"No abstract available.