{"pageNumber":"721","pageRowStart":"18000","pageSize":"25","recordCount":40783,"records":[{"id":70043924,"text":"70043924 - 2012 - Effects of Bromus tectorum invasion on microbial carbon and nitrogen cycling in two adjacent undisturbed arid grassland communities","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-09T12:23:13.515284","indexId":"70043924","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1007,"text":"Biogeochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of Bromus tectorum invasion on microbial carbon and nitrogen cycling in two adjacent undisturbed arid grassland communities","docAbstract":"Soil nitrogen (N) is an important component in maintaining ecosystem stability, and the introduction of non-native plants can alter N cycling by changing litter quality and quantity, nutrient uptake patterns, and soil food webs. Our goal was to determine the effects of Bromus tectorum (C<sub>3</sub>) invasion on soil microbial N cycling in adjacent non-invaded and invaded C<sub>3</sub> and C<sub>4</sub> native arid grasslands. We monitored resin-extractable N, plant and soil δ<sup>13</sup>C and δ<sup>15</sup>N, gross rates of inorganic N mineralization and consumption, and the quantity and isotopic composition of microbial phospholipid biomarkers. In invaded C<sub>3</sub> communities, labile soil organic N and gross and net rates of soil N transformations increased, indicating an increase in overall microbial N cycling. In invaded C<sub>4</sub> communities labile soil N stayed constant, but gross N flux rates increased. The δ<sup>13</sup>C of phospholipid biomarkers in invaded C<sub>4</sub> communities showed that some portion of the soil bacterial population preferentially decomposed invader C<sub>3</sub>-derived litter over that from the native C<sub>4</sub> species. Invasion in C<sub>4</sub> grasslands also significantly decreased the proportion of fungal to bacterial phospholipid biomarkers. Different processes are occurring in response to B. tectorum invasion in each of these two native grasslands that: 1) alter the size of soil N pools, and/or 2) the activity of the microbial community. Both processes provide mechanisms for altering long-term N dynamics in these ecosystems and highlight how multiple mechanisms can lead to similar effects on ecosystem function, which may be important for the construction of future biogeochemical process models.","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10533-011-9668-x","usgsCitation":"Schaeffer, S.M., Ziegler, S.E., Belnap, J., and Evans, R., 2012, Effects of Bromus tectorum invasion on microbial carbon and nitrogen cycling in two adjacent undisturbed arid grassland communities: Biogeochemistry, v. 111, no. 1-3, p. 427-441, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-011-9668-x.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"427","endPage":"441","ipdsId":"IP-044253","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":272131,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":272130,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10533-011-9668-x"}],"volume":"111","issue":"1-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-10-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"518cc564e4b05ebc8f7cc11b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schaeffer, Sean M.","contributorId":30891,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schaeffer","given":"Sean","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":474471,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ziegler, Susan E.","contributorId":64537,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ziegler","given":"Susan","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":474473,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Belnap, Jayne 0000-0001-7471-2279 jayne_belnap@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7471-2279","contributorId":1332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belnap","given":"Jayne","email":"jayne_belnap@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":474470,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Evans, R.D.","contributorId":48735,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evans","given":"R.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":474472,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70044149,"text":"70044149 - 2012 - Neoproterozoic tectonic evolution of the Jebel Saghro and Bou Azzer - El Graara inliers, eastern and central Anti-Atlas, Morocco","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-04-29T10:34:24","indexId":"70044149","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3112,"text":"Precambrian Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Neoproterozoic tectonic evolution of the Jebel Saghro and Bou Azzer - El Graara inliers, eastern and central Anti-Atlas, Morocco","docAbstract":"New mapping, geochemistry, and 17 U–Pb SHRIMP zircon ages from rocks of the Sirwa, Bou Azzer–El Graara, and Jebel Saghro inliers constrain the Neoproterozoic evolution of the eastern Anti-Atlas during Pan-African orogenesis. In the Sirwa inlier, Tonian quartzite from the pre Pan-African passive margin deposits of the Mimount Formation contains detrital zircon derived entirely from the West African Craton (WAC), with most grains yielding Eburnean Paleoproterozoic ages of about 2050 Ma. Cryogenian Pan-African orogenic activity (PA1) from about 760 to 660 Ma included northward-dipping subduction to produce a volcanic arc, followed by ophiolite obduction onto the WAC. In the Bou Azzer–El Graara inlier, calc-alkaline granodiorite and quartz diorite, dated at 650–646 Ma, are syn- to post-tectonic with respect to the second period of Pan-African orogenesis (PA2), arc-continent accretion, and related greenschist facies metamorphism. Slab break-off and lithospheric delimination may have provided the source for the supra-subduction calc-alkaline plutons. At about 646 Ma, quartz diorite intruded the Tiddiline formation placing an upper limit on molassic deposition. Widespread Ediacaran high-K calc-alkaline to shoshonitic plutonism and volcanism during the final stage of Pan-African orogenesis (PA3) occurred in a setting related to either modification of the margin of the WAC or formation of a continental volcanic arc above a short-lived southward-dipping subduction zone. In the Saghro inlier, eight plutonic rocks yield ages ranging from about 588 to 556 Ma. Sampled plutonic rocks previously considered to be Cryogenian yielded Ediacaran ages. Peraluminous rhyolitic volcanic rocks in the lower part of the Ouarzazate Supergroup, including ash-flow tuffs of the Oued Dar’a caldera, yield ages between about 574 and 571 Ma. The Oued Dar’a caldera developed in a pull-apart graben produced by a left-step in a northeast-trending, left-lateral strike-slip fault zone, and much of the lower Ouarzazate Supergroup volcanic rocks in the area are probably related to caldera out-flow facies and collapse. Late stage PA3 intrusive rocks include the Bouskour–Sidi Flah and Timijt rhyolitic dike swarms at about 563 Ma, the voluminous pink Isk-n-Alla granite (559 &plusmn; 5 Ma), and volumetrically minor gabbro of Tagmout (556 &plusmn; 5 Ma). Rhyolite flows from the upper part of the Ouarzazate Supergroup, above a regional angular unconformity, yielded ages of 558 &plusmn; 4 and 556 &plusmn; 4 Ma. The youngest ages place an upper limit on block faulting and weak folding during latest Pan-African tectonic activity (PA3), coincident with the departure of the Cadomian crustal fragment from the northern margin of the WAC.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Precambrian Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elesver","doi":"10.1016/j.precamres.2012.06.010","usgsCitation":"Walsh, G.J., Aleinikoff, J.N., Harrison, R., Burton, W.C., Quick, J.E., Benziane, F., Yazidi, A., and Saadane, A., 2012, Neoproterozoic tectonic evolution of the Jebel Saghro and Bou Azzer - El Graara inliers, eastern and central Anti-Atlas, Morocco: Precambrian Research, v. 216-219, p. 23-62, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.precamres.2012.06.010.","productDescription":"40 p.","startPage":"23","endPage":"62","numberOfPages":"40","ipdsId":"IP-038433","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":271604,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":271603,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.precamres.2012.06.010"}],"country":"Morocco","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 10.55,29.01 ], [ 10.55,32.02 ], [ -3.99,32.02 ], [ -3.99,29.01 ], [ 10.55,29.01 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"216-219","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"517f966be4b0e41721f7a373","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Walsh, Gregory J. 0000-0003-4264-8836 gwalsh@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4264-8836","contributorId":873,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walsh","given":"Gregory","email":"gwalsh@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":474902,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Aleinikoff, John N. 0000-0003-3494-6841 jaleinikoff@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3494-6841","contributorId":1478,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aleinikoff","given":"John","email":"jaleinikoff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":474904,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Harrison, Richard W. rharriso@usgs.gov","contributorId":544,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harrison","given":"Richard W.","email":"rharriso@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":474901,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Burton, William C. 0000-0001-7519-5787 bburton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7519-5787","contributorId":1293,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burton","given":"William","email":"bburton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":474903,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Quick, James E.","contributorId":21552,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Quick","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":474905,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Benziane, Foudad","contributorId":58920,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benziane","given":"Foudad","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":474907,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Yazidi, Abdelaziz","contributorId":35212,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yazidi","given":"Abdelaziz","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":474906,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Saadane, Abderrahim","contributorId":103161,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Saadane","given":"Abderrahim","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":474908,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70042780,"text":"70042780 - 2012 - Migration strategy affects avian influenza dynamics in mallards (<i>Anas platyrhynchos</i>).","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-23T09:13:47","indexId":"70042780","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2774,"text":"Molecular Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Migration strategy affects avian influenza dynamics in mallards (<i>Anas platyrhynchos</i>).","docAbstract":"Studies of pathogen transmission typically overlook that wildlife hosts can include both migrant and resident populations when attempting to model circulation. Through the application of stable isotopes in flight feathers, we estimated the migration strategy of mallards (<i>Anas platyrhynchos</i>) occurring on California wintering grounds. Our study demonstrates that mallards- a principal host of avian influenza virus (AIV) in nature, contribute differently to virus gene flow depending on migration strategy. No difference in AIV prevalence was detected between resident (9.6%), intermediate-distance (9.6%) and long-distance migrants (7.4%). Viral diversity among the three groups was also comparable, possibly owing to viral pool mixing when birds converge at wetlands during winter. However, migrants and residents contributed differently to the virus gene pool at wintering wetlands. Migrants introduced virus from northern breeding grounds (Alaska and the NW Pacific Rim) into the wintering population, facilitating gene flow at continental scales, but circulation of imported virus appeared to be limited. In contrast, resident mallards acted as AIV reservoirs facilitating year-round circulation of limited subtypes (i.e. H5N2) at lower latitudes. This study supports a model of virus exchange in temperate regions driven by the convergence of wild birds with separate geographic origins and exposure histories.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Molecular Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","publisherLocation":"Hoboken, NJ","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-294X.2012.05735.x","usgsCitation":"Takekawa, J.Y., Hill, N., Ackerman, J., Herring, G., Hobson, K., Cardona, C.J., Runstadler, J., and Boyce, W.M., 2012, Migration strategy affects avian influenza dynamics in mallards (<i>Anas platyrhynchos</i>).: Molecular Ecology, v. 21, no. 24, p. 5986-5999, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294X.2012.05735.x.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"5986","endPage":"5999","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-036867","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":268327,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":268324,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294X.2012.05735.x"}],"volume":"21","issue":"24","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd671ce4b0b290851012ca","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Takekawa, John Y. 0000-0003-0217-5907 john_takekawa@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0217-5907","contributorId":176168,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Takekawa","given":"John","email":"john_takekawa@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Y.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":472241,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hill, Nichola J.","contributorId":30342,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hill","given":"Nichola J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":472245,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ackerman, Joshua T. 0000-0002-3074-8322 jackerman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3074-8322","contributorId":147078,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ackerman","given":"Joshua T.","email":"jackerman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":472240,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Herring, Garth 0000-0003-1106-4731 gherring@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1106-4731","contributorId":4403,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herring","given":"Garth","email":"gherring@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":472242,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hobson, Keith","contributorId":16723,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hobson","given":"Keith","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":472244,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Cardona, Carol J.","contributorId":10536,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cardona","given":"Carol","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":472243,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Runstadler, Jonathan","contributorId":96557,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Runstadler","given":"Jonathan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":472247,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Boyce, Walter M.","contributorId":75671,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boyce","given":"Walter","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":472246,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70046057,"text":"70046057 - 2012 - Sequential simulation approach to modeling of multi-seam coal deposits with an application to the assessment of a Louisiana lignite","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-06-17T14:43:46","indexId":"70046057","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2832,"text":"Natural Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1573-8981","printIssn":"1520-7439","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sequential simulation approach to modeling of multi-seam coal deposits with an application to the assessment of a Louisiana lignite","docAbstract":"There are multiple ways to characterize uncertainty in the assessment of coal resources, but not all of them are equally satisfactory. Increasingly, the tendency is toward borrowing from the statistical tools developed in the last 50 years for the quantitative assessment of other mineral commodities. Here, we briefly review the most recent of such methods and formulate a procedure for the systematic assessment of multi-seam coal deposits taking into account several geological factors, such as fluctuations in thickness, erosion, oxidation, and bed boundaries. A lignite deposit explored in three stages is used for validating models based on comparing a first set of drill holes against data from infill and development drilling. Results were fully consistent with reality, providing a variety of maps, histograms, and scatterplots characterizing the deposit and associated uncertainty in the assessments. The geostatistical approach was particularly informative in providing a probability distribution modeling deposit wide uncertainty about total resources and a cumulative distribution of coal tonnage as a function of local uncertainty.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Natural Resources Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s11053-012-9185-1","usgsCitation":"Olea, R., and Luppens, J.A., 2012, Sequential simulation approach to modeling of multi-seam coal deposits with an application to the assessment of a Louisiana lignite: Natural Resources Research, v. 21, no. 4, p. 443-459, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11053-012-9185-1.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"443","endPage":"459","ipdsId":"IP-038710","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":273847,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":273846,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11053-012-9185-1"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -94.04,28.92 ], [ -94.04,33.01 ], [ -88.81,33.01 ], [ -88.81,28.92 ], [ -94.04,28.92 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"21","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-08-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51c02ff5e4b0ee1529ed3d51","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Olea, Ricardo A. 0000-0003-4308-0808","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4308-0808","contributorId":47873,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olea","given":"Ricardo A.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":478783,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Luppens, James A. 0000-0001-7607-8750 jluppens@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7607-8750","contributorId":550,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luppens","given":"James","email":"jluppens@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":478782,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70032554,"text":"70032554 - 2012 - Ecological controls on the shell geochemistry of pink and white Globigerinoides ruber in the northern Gulf of Mexico: implications for paleoceanographic reconstruction","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-01-14T10:15:16","indexId":"70032554","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2673,"text":"Marine Micropaleontology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ecological controls on the shell geochemistry of pink and white Globigerinoides ruber in the northern Gulf of Mexico: implications for paleoceanographic reconstruction","docAbstract":"We evaluate the relationship between foraminiferal test size and shell geochemistry (δ<sup>13</sup>C, δ<sup>18</sup>O, and Mg/Ca) for two of the most commonly used planktonic foraminifers for paleoceanographic reconstruction in the subtropical Atlantic Ocean: the pink and white varieties of Globigerinoides ruber. Geochemical analyses were performed on foraminifera from modern core-top samples of high-accumulation rate basins in the northern Gulf of Mexico. Mg/Ca analysis indicates a positive relationship with test size, increasing by 1.1 mmol/mol (~ 2.5 °C) from the smallest (150–212 μm) to largest (> 500 μm) size fractions of G. ruber (pink), but with no significant relationship in G. ruber (white). In comparison, oxygen isotope data indicate a negative relationship with test size, decreasing by 0.6‰ across the size range of both pink and white G. ruber. The observed increase in Mg/Ca and decrease in δ<sup>18</sup>O are consistent with an increase in calcification temperature of 0.7 °C per 100 μm increase in test size, suggesting differences in the seasonal and/or depth distribution among size fractions. Overall, these results stress the necessity for using a consistent size fraction in downcore paleoceanographic studies. In addition, we compare downcore records of δ<sup>18</sup>O and Mg/Ca from pink and white G. ruber in a decadal-resolution 1000-year sedimentary record from the Pigmy Basin. Based on this comparison we conclude that pink G. ruber is calcifying in warmer waters than co-occurring white G. ruber, suggesting differences in the relative seasonal distribution and depth habitat of the two varieties.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Marine Micropaleontology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.marmicro.2011.10.002","issn":"03778398","usgsCitation":"Richey, J.N., Poore, R.Z., Flower, B.P., and Hollander, D.J., 2012, Ecological controls on the shell geochemistry of pink and white Globigerinoides ruber in the northern Gulf of Mexico: implications for paleoceanographic reconstruction: Marine Micropaleontology, v. 82-83, p. 28-37, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marmicro.2011.10.002.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"28","endPage":"37","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":213790,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marmicro.2011.10.002"},{"id":241449,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Gulf Of Mexico","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -97.9,18.2 ], [ -97.9,30.4 ], [ -81.0,30.4 ], [ -81.0,18.2 ], [ -97.9,18.2 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"82-83","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a054de4b0c8380cd50d41","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Richey, Julie N. 0000-0002-2319-7980 jrichey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2319-7980","contributorId":5182,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richey","given":"Julie","email":"jrichey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":436796,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Poore, Richard Z. rpoore@usgs.gov","contributorId":345,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poore","given":"Richard","email":"rpoore@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Z.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":436795,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Flower, Benjamin P.","contributorId":100620,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flower","given":"Benjamin","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436798,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hollander, David J.","contributorId":11421,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hollander","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436797,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70044076,"text":"70044076 - 2012 - Parasite invasion following host reintroduction: a case of Yellowstone’s wolves","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-26T13:24:19","indexId":"70044076","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3048,"text":"Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Parasite invasion following host reintroduction: a case of Yellowstone’s wolves","docAbstract":"Wildlife reintroductions select or treat individuals for good health with the expectation that these individuals will fare better than infected animals. However, these individuals, new to their environment, may also be particularly susceptible to circulating infections and this may result in high morbidity and mortality, potentially jeopardizing the goals of recovery. Here, using the reintroduction of the grey wolf (Canis lupus) into Yellowstone National Park as a case study, we address the question of how parasites invade a reintroduced population and consider the impact of these invasions on population performance. We find that several viral parasites rapidly invaded the population inside the park, likely via spillover from resident canid species, and we contrast these with the slower invasion of sarcoptic mange, caused by the mite Sarcoptes scabiei. The spatio-temporal patterns of mange invasion were largely consistent with patterns of host connectivity and density, and we demonstrate that the area of highest resource quality, supporting the greatest density of wolves, is also the region that appears most susceptible to repeated disease invasion and parasite-induced declines. The success of wolf reintroduction appears not to have been jeopardized by infectious disease, but now shows signs of regulation or limitation modulated by parasites.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Royal Society Publishing","publisherLocation":"London, UK","doi":"10.1098/rstb.2011.0369","usgsCitation":"Cross, P.C., Almberg, E., Dobson, A.P., Smith, D.W., and Hudson, P., 2012, Parasite invasion following host reintroduction: a case of Yellowstone’s wolves: Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, v. 367, no. 1604, p. 2840-2851, https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2011.0369.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"2840","endPage":"2851","numberOfPages":"12","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-032996","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474659,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2011.0369","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":270138,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":270133,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2011.0369"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Yellowstone National Park","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -111.1560,44.1313 ], [ -111.1560,45.1090 ], [ -109.8255,45.1090 ], [ -109.8255,44.1313 ], [ -111.1560,44.1313 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"367","issue":"1604","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-10-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5152c3a4e4b01197b08e9ce6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cross, Paul C. 0000-0001-8045-5213 pcross@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8045-5213","contributorId":2709,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cross","given":"Paul","email":"pcross@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":474785,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Almberg, Emily S.","contributorId":101111,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Almberg","given":"Emily S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":474789,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dobson, Andrew P.","contributorId":63693,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dobson","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":474786,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Smith, Douglas W.","contributorId":95727,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":474788,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hudson, Peter J.","contributorId":85056,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hudson","given":"Peter J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":474787,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70044008,"text":"70044008 - 2012 - Probabilistic Relationships between Ground‐Motion Parameters and Modified Mercalli Intensity in California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-04-02T11:35:00","indexId":"70044008","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Probabilistic Relationships between Ground‐Motion Parameters and Modified Mercalli Intensity in California","docAbstract":"We use a database of approximately 200,000 modified Mercalli intensity (MMI) observations of California earthquakes collected from USGS \"Did You Feel It?\" (DYFI) reports, along with a comparable number of peak ground-motion amplitudes from California seismic networks, to develop probabilistic relationships between MMI and peak ground velocity (PGV), peak ground acceleration (PGA), and 0.3-s, 1-s, and 3-s 5% damped pseudospectral acceleration (PSA). After associating each ground-motion observation with an MMI computed from all the DYFI responses within 2 km of the observation, we derived a joint probability distribution between MMI and ground motion. We then derived reversible relationships between MMI and each ground-motion parameter by using a total least squares regression to fit a bilinear function to the median of the stacked probability distributions. Among the relationships, the fit to peak ground velocity has the smallest errors, though linear combinations of PGA and PGV give nominally better results. We also find that magnitude and distance terms reduce the overall residuals and are justifiable on an information theoretic basis. For intensities MMI&ge;5, our results are in close agreement with the relations of Wald, Quitoriano, Heaton, and Kanamori (1999); for lower intensities, our results fall midway between Wald, Quitoriano, Heaton, and Kanamori (1999) and those of Atkinson and Kaka (2007). The earthquakes in the study ranged in magnitude from 3.0 to 7.3, and the distances ranged from less than a kilometer to about 400 km from the source.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","publisherLocation":"El Cerrito, CA","doi":"10.1785/0120110156","usgsCitation":"Worden, C., Wald, D.J., and Rhoades, D., 2012, Probabilistic Relationships between Ground‐Motion Parameters and Modified Mercalli Intensity in California: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 102, no. 1, p. 204-221, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120110156.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"204","endPage":"221","numberOfPages":"18","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-008260","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":270463,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":270462,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120110156"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","volume":"102","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-02-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"515bfdf8e4b075500ee5ca8a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Worden, C.B.","contributorId":20103,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Worden","given":"C.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":474609,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wald, David J. 0000-0002-1454-4514 wald@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1454-4514","contributorId":795,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wald","given":"David","email":"wald@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":474608,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rhoades, D.A.","contributorId":45121,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rhoades","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":474610,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70043333,"text":"70043333 - 2012 - Old groundwater in parts of the upper Patapsco aquifer, Atlantic Coastal Plain, Maryland, USA: Evidence from radiocarbon, chlorine-36 and helium-4","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-21T15:43:23","indexId":"70043333","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1923,"text":"Hydrogeology Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Old groundwater in parts of the upper Patapsco aquifer, Atlantic Coastal Plain, Maryland, USA: Evidence from radiocarbon, chlorine-36 and helium-4","docAbstract":"<p>Apparent groundwater ages along two flow paths in the upper Patapsco aquifer of the Maryland Atlantic Coastal Plain, USA, were estimated using <sup>14</sup>C, <sup>36</sup>Cl and <sup>4</sup>He data. Most of the ages range from modern to about 500&nbsp;ka, with one sample at 117&nbsp;km downgradient from the recharge area dated by radiogenic <sup>4</sup>He accumulation at more than one Ma. Last glacial maximum (LGM) water was located about 20&nbsp;km downgradient on the northern flow path, where the radiocarbon age was 21.5&nbsp;ka, paleorecharge temperatures were 0.5–1.5  °C (a maximum cooling of about 12 °C relative to the modern mean annual temperature of 13 °C), and Cl<sup>–</sup>, Cl/Br, and stable isotopes of water were minimum. Low recharge temperatures (typically 5–7 °C) indicate that recharge occurred predominantly during glacial periods when coastal heads were lowest due to low sea-level stand. Flow velocities averaged about 1.0 m a<sup>–1</sup> in upgradient parts of the upper Patapsco aquifer and decreased from 0.13 to 0.04 m a<sup>–1</sup> at 40 and 80&nbsp;km further downgradient, respectively. This study demonstrates that most water in the upper Patapsco aquifer is non-renewable on human timescales under natural gradients, thus highlighting the importance of effective water-supply management to prolong the resource.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10040-012-0871-1","usgsCitation":"Plummer, N., Eggleston, J.R., Raffensperger, J.P., Hunt, A.G., Casile, G.C., and Andreasen, D.C., 2012, Old groundwater in parts of the upper Patapsco aquifer, Atlantic Coastal Plain, Maryland, USA: Evidence from radiocarbon, chlorine-36 and helium-4: Hydrogeology Journal, v. 20, no. 7, p. 1269-1294, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-012-0871-1.","productDescription":"26 p.","startPage":"1269","endPage":"1294","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-036422","costCenters":[{"id":146,"text":"Branch of Regional Research-Eastern Region","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":270121,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maryland","county":"Anne Arundel","city":"Baltimore","volume":"20","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-06-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5152c3a0e4b01197b08e9cdc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Plummer, Niel 0000-0002-4020-1013 nplummer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4020-1013","contributorId":190100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plummer","given":"Niel","email":"nplummer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":473401,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Eggleston, John R. 0000-0001-6633-3041 jegglest@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6633-3041","contributorId":3068,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eggleston","given":"John","email":"jegglest@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":614,"text":"Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":473403,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Raffensperger, Jeff P. 0000-0001-9275-6646 jpraffen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9275-6646","contributorId":199119,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Raffensperger","given":"Jeff","email":"jpraffen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":374,"text":"Maryland Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":473405,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hunt, Andrew G. 0000-0002-3810-8610 ahunt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3810-8610","contributorId":1582,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunt","given":"Andrew","email":"ahunt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":473402,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Casile, Gerolamo C. jcasile@usgs.gov","contributorId":4007,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Casile","given":"Gerolamo","email":"jcasile@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":473404,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Andreasen, D. C.","contributorId":32565,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andreasen","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473406,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70044190,"text":"70044190 - 2012 - On the causes of mid-Pliocene warmth and polar amplification","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-25T10:28:17","indexId":"70044190","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1427,"text":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"On the causes of mid-Pliocene warmth and polar amplification","docAbstract":"The mid-Pliocene (~ 3 to 3.3 Ma ago), is a period of sustained global warmth in comparison to the late Quaternary (0 to ~ 1 Ma ago), and has potential to inform predictions of long-term future climate change. However, given that several processes potentially contributed, relatively little is understood about the reasons for the observed warmth, or the associated polar amplification. Here, using a modelling approach and a novel factorisation method, we assess the relative contributions to mid-Pliocene warmth from: elevated CO<sub>2</sub>, lowered orography, and vegetation and ice sheet changes. The results show that on a global scale, the largest contributor to mid-Pliocene warmth is elevated CO<sub>2</sub>. However, in terms of polar amplification, changes to ice sheets contribute significantly in the Southern Hemisphere, and orographic changes contribute significantly in the Northern Hemisphere. We also carry out an energy balance analysis which indicates that that on a global scale, surface albedo and atmospheric emmissivity changes dominate over cloud changes. We investigate the sensitivity of our results to uncertainties in the prescribed CO<sub>2</sub> and orographic changes, to derive uncertainty ranges for the various contributing processes.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.epsl.2011.12.042","usgsCitation":"Lunt, D.J., Haywood, A.M., Schmidt, G.A., Salzmann, U., Valdes, P.J., Dowsett, H.J., and Loptson, C.A., 2012, On the causes of mid-Pliocene warmth and polar amplification: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 321-322, p. 128-138, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2011.12.042.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"128","endPage":"138","numberOfPages":"11","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-033085","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474657,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20140001040","text":"External Repository"},{"id":271610,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":271609,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2011.12.042"}],"volume":"321-322","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"517f966ce4b0e41721f7a37b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lunt, Daniel J.","contributorId":101168,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lunt","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475058,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Haywood, Alan M.","contributorId":86663,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haywood","given":"Alan","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475057,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schmidt, Gavin A.","contributorId":56131,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmidt","given":"Gavin","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475056,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Salzmann, Ulrich","contributorId":173101,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Salzmann","given":"Ulrich","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":18103,"text":"Northumbria University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":660589,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Valdes, Paul J.","contributorId":6354,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Valdes","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475054,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Dowsett, Harry J. 0000-0003-1983-7524 hdowsett@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1983-7524","contributorId":949,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dowsett","given":"Harry","email":"hdowsett@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":475053,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Loptson, Claire A.","contributorId":6743,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loptson","given":"Claire","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475055,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70043467,"text":"70043467 - 2012 - Reproductive endocrine disruption in smallmouth bass (<i>Micropterus dolomieu</i>) in the Potomac River basin: spatial and temporal comparisons of biological effects","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-23T10:44:18","indexId":"70043467","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1552,"text":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment","onlineIssn":"1573-2959","printIssn":"0167-6369","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Reproductive endocrine disruption in smallmouth bass (<i>Micropterus dolomieu</i>) in the Potomac River basin: spatial and temporal comparisons of biological effects","docAbstract":"<p><span>A high prevalence of intersex or testicular oocytes (TO) in male smallmouth bass within the Potomac River drainage has raised concerns as to the health of the river. Studies were conducted to document biomarker responses both temporally and spatially to better understand the influence of normal physiological cycles, as well as water quality and land-use influences. Smallmouth bass were collected over a 2-year period from three tributaries of the Potomac River: the Shenandoah River, the South Branch Potomac and Conococheague Creek, and an out-of-basin reference site on the Gauley River. The prevalence of TO varied seasonally with the lowest prevalence observed in July, post-spawn. Reproductive maturity and/or lack of spawning the previous spring, as well as land-use practices such as application of manure and pesticides, may influence the seasonal observations. Annual, seasonal, and site differences were also observed in the percentage of males with measurable concentrations of plasma vitellogenin, mean concentration of plasma vitellogenin in females, and plasma concentrations of 17β-estradiol and testosterone in both sexes. Bass collected in the South Branch Potomac (moderate to high prevalence of TO) had less sperm per testes mass with a lower percentage of those sperm being motile when compared to those from the Gauley River (low prevalence of TO). An inverse relationship was noted between TO severity and sperm motility. An association between TO severity and wastewater treatment plant flow, percent of agriculture, total number of animal feeding operations, the number of poultry houses, and animal density within the catchment was observed.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10661-011-2266-5","usgsCitation":"Blazer, V., Iwanowicz, L., Henderson, H., Mazik, P.M., Jenkins, J.A., Alvarez, D., and Young, J.A., 2012, Reproductive endocrine disruption in smallmouth bass (<i>Micropterus dolomieu</i>) in the Potomac River basin: spatial and temporal comparisons of biological effects: Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, v. 184, no. 7, p. 4309-4334, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-011-2266-5.","productDescription":"26 p.","startPage":"4309","endPage":"4334","ipdsId":"IP-026403","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474620,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-011-2266-5","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":273566,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":273564,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10661-011-2266-5"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maryl","otherGeospatial":"Potomac River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -79.43,39.22 ], [ -79.43,39.43 ], [ -79.13,39.43 ], [ -79.13,39.22 ], [ -79.43,39.22 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"184","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-08-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51b6f56be4b0097a7158e5e1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Blazer, Vicki 0000-0001-6647-9614 vblazer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6647-9614","contributorId":792,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blazer","given":"Vicki","email":"vblazer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":473649,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Iwanowicz, Luke R.","contributorId":11902,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Iwanowicz","given":"Luke R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473653,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Henderson, Holly","contributorId":97805,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henderson","given":"Holly","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473655,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mazik, Patricia M. 0000-0002-8046-5929 pmazik@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8046-5929","contributorId":2318,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mazik","given":"Patricia","email":"pmazik@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":473650,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Jenkins, Jill A. 0000-0002-5087-0894 jenkinsj@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5087-0894","contributorId":2710,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jenkins","given":"Jill","email":"jenkinsj@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":473651,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Alvarez, David A.","contributorId":72755,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alvarez","given":"David A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473654,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Young, John A. 0000-0002-4500-3673 jyoung@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4500-3673","contributorId":3777,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Young","given":"John","email":"jyoung@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":473652,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70046279,"text":"70046279 - 2012 - Upper Klamath Basin Landsat Image for June 24, 2006: Path 44 Row 31","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-06-04T15:35:24","indexId":"70046279","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"title":"Upper Klamath Basin Landsat Image for June 24, 2006: Path 44 Row 31","docAbstract":"This subset of a Landsat-7 image shows part of the upper Klamath Basin. The original images were obtained from the U.S. Geological Survey Earth Resources Observation and Science Center (EROS). EROS is responsible for archive management and distribution of Landsat data products. The Landsat-7 satellite is part of an ongoing mission to provide quality remote sensing data in support of research and applications activities. The launch of Landsat-7 on April 15, 1999 marks the addition of the latest satellite to the Landsat series. The Landsat-7 satellite carries the Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) sensor.  A mechanical failure of the ETM+ Scan Line Corrector (SLC) occurred on May 31, 2003, with the result that all Landsat 7 scenes acquired from July 14, 2003 to present have been collected in 'SLC-off' mode. More information on the Landsat program can be found online at http://landsat.usgs.gov/.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/70046279","usgsCitation":"Snyder, D.T., 2012, Upper Klamath Basin Landsat Image for June 24, 2006: Path 44 Row 31, Dataset, https://doi.org/10.3133/70046279.","productDescription":"Dataset","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":273274,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":273273,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/GIS/metadata/usgswrd/XML/erosl1t_06242006_p44r31_l7_usgs_1_NAD83.xml"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -123.382600,41.991760 ], [ -123.382600,43.492919 ], [ -120.601579,43.492919 ], [ -120.601579,41.991760 ], [ -123.382600,41.991760 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51af0c74e4b08a3322c2c3a8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Snyder, Daniel T. dtsnyder@usgs.gov","contributorId":820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snyder","given":"Daniel","email":"dtsnyder@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":479366,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70032604,"text":"70032604 - 2012 - Ocean-atmosphere dynamics during Hurricane Ida and Nor'Ida: An application of the coupled ocean-atmosphere-wave-sediment transport (COAWST) modeling system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-05T22:24:26","indexId":"70032604","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2925,"text":"Ocean Modelling","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ocean-atmosphere dynamics during Hurricane Ida and Nor'Ida: An application of the coupled ocean-atmosphere-wave-sediment transport (COAWST) modeling system","docAbstract":"<div id=\"aep-abstract-id30\" class=\"abstract author\" lang=\"en\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-sec-id31\"><p id=\"sp010\"><span>The coupled ocean–atmosphere–wave–sediment transport (COAWST) modeling system was used to investigate atmosphere–ocean–wave interactions in November 2009 during Hurricane Ida and its subsequent evolution to Nor’Ida, which was one of the most costly storm systems of the past two decades. One interesting aspect of this event is that it included two unique atmospheric extreme conditions, a hurricane and a nor’easter storm, which developed in regions with different oceanographic characteristics. Our modeled results were compared with several data sources, including GOES satellite infrared data, JASON-1 and JASON-2 altimeter data, CODAR measurements, and wave and tidal information from the National Data Buoy Center (NDBC) and the National Tidal Database. By performing a series of numerical runs, we were able to isolate the effect of the interaction terms between the atmosphere (modeled with Weather Research and Forecasting, the WRF model), the ocean (modeled with Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS)), and the wave propagation and generation model (modeled with Simulating Waves Nearshore (SWAN)). Special attention was given to the role of the ocean surface roughness. Three different ocean roughness closure models were analyzed: </span>DGHQ (which is based on wave age), TY2001 (which is based on wave steepness), and OOST (which considers both the effects of wave age and steepness). Including the ocean roughness in the atmospheric module improved the wind intensity estimation and therefore also the wind waves, surface currents, and storm surge amplitude. For example, during the passage of Hurricane Ida through the Gulf of Mexico, the wind speeds were reduced due to wave-induced ocean roughness, resulting in better agreement with the measured winds. During Nor’Ida, including the wave-induced surface roughness changed the form and dimension of the main low pressure cell, affecting the intensity and direction of the winds. The combined wave age- and wave steepness-based parameterization (OOST) provided the best results for wind and wave growth prediction. However, the best agreement between the measured (CODAR) and computed surface currents and storm surge values was obtained with the wave steepness-based roughness parameterization (TY2001), although the differences obtained with respect to DGHQ were not significant. The influence of sea surface temperature (SST) fields on the atmospheric boundary layer dynamics was examined; in particular, we evaluated how the SST affects wind wave generation, surface currents and storm surges. The integrated hydrograph and integrated wave height, parameters that are highly correlated with the storm damage potential, were found to be highly sensitive to the ocean surface roughness parameterization.</p></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.ocemod.2011.12.008","issn":"14635003","usgsCitation":"Olabarrieta, M., Warner, J., Armstrong, B., Zambon, J.B., and He, R., 2012, Ocean-atmosphere dynamics during Hurricane Ida and Nor'Ida: An application of the coupled ocean-atmosphere-wave-sediment transport (COAWST) modeling system: Ocean Modelling, v. 43-44, p. 112-137, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocemod.2011.12.008.","productDescription":"26 p.","startPage":"112","endPage":"137","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":474640,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://hdl.handle.net/1912/5124","text":"External Repository"},{"id":241690,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"43-44","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6c99e4b0c8380cd74ced","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Olabarrieta, Maitane 0000-0002-7619-7992 molabarrieta@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7619-7992","contributorId":81631,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olabarrieta","given":"Maitane","email":"molabarrieta@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":437025,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Warner, John C. 0000-0002-3734-8903 jcwarner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3734-8903","contributorId":2681,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warner","given":"John C.","email":"jcwarner@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":437024,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Armstrong, Brandy N. barmstrong@usgs.gov","contributorId":5897,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Armstrong","given":"Brandy N.","email":"barmstrong@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":437023,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Zambon, Joseph B.","contributorId":8222,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zambon","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437026,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"He, Ruoying","contributorId":58965,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"He","given":"Ruoying","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437027,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70046283,"text":"70046283 - 2012 - Upper Klamath Basin Landsat Image for July 10, 2006: Path 44 Row 31","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-07-08T14:01:10","indexId":"70046283","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"title":"Upper Klamath Basin Landsat Image for July 10, 2006: Path 44 Row 31","docAbstract":"This subset of a Landsat-7 image shows part of the upper Klamath Basin. The original images were obtained from the U.S. Geological Survey Earth Resources Observation and Science Center (EROS). EROS is responsible for archive management and distribution of Landsat data products. The Landsat-7 satellite is part of an ongoing mission to provide quality remote sensing data in support of research and applications activities. The launch of Landsat-7 on April 15, 1999 marks the addition of the latest satellite to the Landsat series. The Landsat-7 satellite carries the Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) sensor.  A mechanical failure of the ETM+ Scan Line Corrector (SLC) occurred on May 31, 2003, with the result that all Landsat 7 scenes acquired from July 14, 2003 to present have been collected in 'SLC-off' mode. More information on the Landsat program can be found online at http://landsat.usgs.gov/.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/70046283","usgsCitation":"Snyder, D.T., 2012, Upper Klamath Basin Landsat Image for July 10, 2006: Path 44 Row 31, Dataset, https://doi.org/10.3133/70046283.","productDescription":"Dataset","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":273282,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":273280,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/GIS/metadata/usgswrd/XML/erosl1t_07102006_p44r31_l7_usgs_1_NAD83.xml"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -123.382600,41.991760 ], [ -123.382600,43.492919 ], [ -120.601579,43.492919 ], [ -120.601579,41.991760 ], [ -123.382600,41.991760 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51af0c73e4b08a3322c2c390","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Snyder, Daniel T. dtsnyder@usgs.gov","contributorId":820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snyder","given":"Daniel","email":"dtsnyder@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":479371,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70032503,"text":"70032503 - 2012 - Assessment of pingo distribution and morphometry using an IfSAR derived digital surface model, western Arctic Coastal Plain, Northern Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-07T12:20:33","indexId":"70032503","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1801,"text":"Geomorphology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessment of pingo distribution and morphometry using an IfSAR derived digital surface model, western Arctic Coastal Plain, Northern Alaska","docAbstract":"<p><span>Pingos are circular to elongate ice-cored mounds that form by injection and freezing of pressurized water in near-surface permafrost. Here we use a digital surface model (DSM) derived from an airborne Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (IfSAR) system to assess the distribution and morphometry of pingos within a 40,000</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>km</span><sup>2</sup><span>&nbsp;area on the western Arctic Coastal Plain of northern Alaska. We have identified 1247 pingo forms in the study region, ranging in height from 2 to 21</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>m, with a mean height of 4.6</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>m. Pingos in this region are of hydrostatic origin, with 98% located within 995 drained lake basins, most of which are underlain by thick eolian sand deposits. The highest pingo density (0.18</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>km</span><sup>−&nbsp;2</sup><span>) occurs where streams have reworked these deposits. Morphometric analyses indicate that most pingos are small to medium in size (&lt;</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>200</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>m diameter), gently to moderately sloping (&lt;</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>30°), circular to slightly elongate (mean circularity index of 0.88), and of relatively low height (2 to 5</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>m). However, 57 pingos stand higher than 10</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>m, 26 have a maximum slope greater than 30°, and 42 are larger than 200</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>m in diameter. Comparison with a legacy pingo dataset based on 1950s stereo-pair photography indicates that 66 may have partially or completely collapsed over the last half-century. However, we mapped over 400 pingos not identified in the legacy dataset, and identified only three higher than 2</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>m to have formed between ca. 1955 and ca. 2005, indicating that caution should be taken when comparing contemporary and legacy datasets derived by different techniques. This comprehensive database of pingo location and morphometry based on an IfSAR DSM may prove useful for land and resource managers as well as aid in the identification of pingo-like features on Mars.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.geomorph.2011.08.007","issn":"0169555X","usgsCitation":"Jones, B.M., Grosse, G., Hinkel, K.M., Arp, C., Walker, S., Beck, R., and Galloway, J., 2012, Assessment of pingo distribution and morphometry using an IfSAR derived digital surface model, western Arctic Coastal Plain, Northern Alaska: Geomorphology, v. 138, no. 1, p. 1-14, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2011.08.007.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"14","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":241755,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214067,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2011.08.007"}],"volume":"138","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ee48e4b0c8380cd49c89","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jones, Benjamin M. 0000-0002-1517-4711 bjones@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1517-4711","contributorId":2286,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"Benjamin","email":"bjones@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":118,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geography","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":436511,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Grosse, G.","contributorId":82140,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grosse","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436514,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hinkel, Kenneth M.","contributorId":15405,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hinkel","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436508,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Arp, C.D.","contributorId":54715,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arp","given":"C.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436512,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Walker, S.","contributorId":71777,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walker","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436513,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Beck, R.A.","contributorId":44246,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beck","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436510,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Galloway, J. P.","contributorId":19142,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Galloway","given":"J. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436509,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70043372,"text":"70043372 - 2012 - Modeling of soil erosion and sediment transport in the East River Basin in southern China","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-26T11:39:08","indexId":"70043372","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3352,"text":"Science of the Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modeling of soil erosion and sediment transport in the East River Basin in southern China","docAbstract":"Soil erosion is a major global environmental problem that has caused many issues involving land degradation, sedimentation of waterways, ecological degradation, and nonpoint source pollution. Therefore, it is significant to understand the processes of soil erosion and sediment transport along rivers, and this can help identify the erosion prone areas and find potential measures to alleviate the environmental effects. In this study, we investigated soil erosion and identified the most seriously eroded areas in the East River Basin in southern China using a physically-based model, Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT). We also introduced a classical sediment transport method (Zhang) into SWAT and compared it with the built-in Bagnold method in simulating sediment transport process along the river. The derived spatial soil erosion map and land use based erosion levels can explicitly illustrate the identification and prioritization of the critical soil erosion areas in this basin. Our results also indicate that erosion is quite sensitive to soil properties and slope. Comparison of Bagnold and Zhang methods shows that the latter can give an overall better performance especially in tracking the peak and low sediment concentrations along the river. We also found that the East River is mainly characterized by sediment deposition in most of the segments and at most times of a year. Overall, the results presented in this paper can provide decision support for watershed managers about where the best management practices (conservation measures) can be implemented effectively and at low cost. The methods we used in this study can also be of interest in sediment modeling for other basins worldwide.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Science of the Total Environment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.09.057","usgsCitation":"Wu, Y., and Chen, J., 2012, Modeling of soil erosion and sediment transport in the East River Basin in southern China: Science of the Total Environment, v. 441, p. 159-168, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.09.057.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"159","endPage":"168","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-041116","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":268365,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":268364,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.09.057"}],"country":"China","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 113.9323,22.9369 ], [ 113.9323,25.0047 ], [ 115.0351,25.0047 ], [ 115.0351,22.9369 ], [ 113.9323,22.9369 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"441","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd67e2e4b0b29085101af3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wu, Yping","contributorId":107582,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wu","given":"Yping","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473494,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chen, Ji","contributorId":101960,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chen","given":"Ji","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473493,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70043839,"text":"70043839 - 2012 - Molecular characterization and comparison of shale oils generated by different pyrolysis methods","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-26T15:17:11","indexId":"70043839","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1506,"text":"Energy & Fuels","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Molecular characterization and comparison of shale oils generated by different pyrolysis methods","docAbstract":"Shale oils generated using different laboratory pyrolysis methods have been studied using standard oil characterization methods as well as Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) with electrospray ionization (ESI) and atmospheric photoionization (APPI) to assess differences in molecular composition. The pyrolysis oils were generated from samples of the Mahogany zone oil shale of the Eocene Green River Formation collected from outcrops in the Piceance Basin, Colorado, using three pyrolysis systems under conditions relevant to surface and in situ retorting approaches. Significant variations were observed in the shale oils, particularly the degree of conjugation of the constituent molecules and the distribution of nitrogen-containing compound classes. Comparison of FT-ICR MS results to other oil characteristics, such as specific gravity; saturate, aromatic, resin, asphaltene (SARA) distribution; and carbon number distribution determined by gas chromatography, indicated correspondence between higher average double bond equivalence (DBE) values and increasing asphaltene content. The results show that, based on the shale oil DBE distributions, highly conjugated species are enriched in samples produced under low pressure, high temperature conditions, and under high pressure, moderate temperature conditions in the presence of water. We also report, for the first time in any petroleum-like substance, the presence of N<sub>4</sub> class compounds based on FT-ICR MS data. Using double bond equivalence and carbon number distributions, structures for the N<sub>4</sub> class and other nitrogen-containing compounds are proposed.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Energy & Fuels","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"ACS Publications","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1021/ef201517a","usgsCitation":"Birdwell, J.E., Jin, J.M., and Kim, S., 2012, Molecular characterization and comparison of shale oils generated by different pyrolysis methods: Energy & Fuels, v. 26, https://doi.org/10.1021/ef201517a.","numberOfPages":"32","ipdsId":"IP-033210","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":268411,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":268410,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ef201517a"}],"volume":"26","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-01-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd6808e4b0b29085101c5d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Birdwell, Justin E. 0000-0001-8263-1452 jbirdwell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8263-1452","contributorId":3302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Birdwell","given":"Justin","email":"jbirdwell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":569,"text":"Southwest Climate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":474298,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jin, Jang Mi","contributorId":28877,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jin","given":"Jang","email":"","middleInitial":"Mi","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":474299,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kim, Sunghwan","contributorId":108376,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kim","given":"Sunghwan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":474300,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70046285,"text":"70046285 - 2012 - Upper Klamath Basin Landsat Image for July 11, 2004: Path 45 Rows 30 and 31","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-06-04T16:30:25","indexId":"70046285","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"title":"Upper Klamath Basin Landsat Image for July 11, 2004: Path 45 Rows 30 and 31","docAbstract":"This image is a mosaic of Landsat-7 images of the upper Klamath Basin. The original images were obtained from the U.S. Geological Survey Earth Resources Observation and Science Center (EROS). EROS is responsible for archive management and distribution of Landsat data products. The Landsat-7 satellite is part of an ongoing mission to provide quality remote sensing data in support of research and applications activities. The launch of Landsat-7 on April 15, 1999 marks the addition of the latest satellite to the Landsat series. The Landsat-7 satellite carries the Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) sensor.  A mechanical failure of the ETM+ Scan Line Corrector (SLC) occurred on May 31, 2003, with the result that all Landsat 7 scenes acquired from July 14, 2003 to present have been collected in 'SLC-off' mode. More information on the Landsat program can be found online at http://landsat.usgs.gov/.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/70046285","usgsCitation":"Snyder, D.T., 2012, Upper Klamath Basin Landsat Image for July 11, 2004: Path 45 Rows 30 and 31, Dataset, https://doi.org/10.3133/70046285.","productDescription":"Dataset","onlineOnly":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":273287,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":273283,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/GIS/metadata/usgswrd/XML/erosl1t_07112004_p45r30_l7_kl_NAD83.xml"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -123.382600,41.991760 ], [ -123.382600,43.492919 ], [ -120.601579,43.492919 ], [ -120.601579,41.991760 ], [ -123.382600,41.991760 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51af0c73e4b08a3322c2c394","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Snyder, Daniel T. dtsnyder@usgs.gov","contributorId":820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snyder","given":"Daniel","email":"dtsnyder@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":479373,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70180386,"text":"70180386 - 2012 - Relationships between Δ<sup>14</sup>C and the molecular quality of dissolved organic carbon in rivers draining to the coast from the conterminous United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-30T10:40:14","indexId":"70180386","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1836,"text":"Global Biogeochemical Cycles","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Relationships between Δ<sup>14</sup>C and the molecular quality of dissolved organic carbon in rivers draining to the coast from the conterminous United States","docAbstract":"<p><span>Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in natural waters possesses chemical and molecular qualities indicative of its source and age. The apportionment of DOC by age into millennial and decadal pools is necessary to understand the temporal connection between terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems in the global carbon cycle. We measured Δ</span><sup>14</sup><span>C-DOC and chemical composition indices (specific ultraviolet absorbance (SUVA</span><sub>254</sub><span>), fluorescence index (FI), hydrophobic organic acid fraction (HPOA) content) for 15 large river basins in the conterminous United States. Across all rivers the average proportion of HPOA in DOC correlated strongly with SUVA</span><sub>254</sub><span> (r</span><sup>2</sup><span>&nbsp;=&nbsp;0.93 p&nbsp;&lt;&nbsp;0.001). Individual Δ</span><sup>14</sup><span>C-DOC ranged from a low of −92.9‰ (726 y.b.p.) in the Colorado River to 73.4‰ (&gt;Modern) in the Altamaha River for the year 2009. When adjusted by total discharge, these U.S. Rivers export modern carbon at between 34 and 46‰, a signal dominated by the Mississippi River. The variation in Δ</span><sup>14</sup><span>C correlates to indices of the aromaticity of the DOC measured by the SUVA</span><sub>254</sub><span> (r</span><sup>2</sup><span>&nbsp;=&nbsp;0.87, p&nbsp;&lt;&nbsp;0.001), and FI (r</span><sup>2</sup><span>&nbsp;=&nbsp;0.6; p&nbsp;&lt;&nbsp;0.001) as well as differences in annual river discharge (r</span><sup>2</sup><span>&nbsp;=&nbsp;0.46, p&nbsp;&lt;&nbsp;0.006). SUVA</span><sub>254</sub><span> was further correlated to broad scale vegetation phenology estimated from the Enhanced Vegetation Index derived from the NASA Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS). We show that basins with high discharge, high proportions of vegetation cover, and low human population densities export DOC enriched in aromatic material that corresponds to recently fixed atmospheric CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>. Conversely old DOC is exported from low discharge watersheds draining arid regions, and watersheds more strongly impacted by humans. The potential influence from fossil carbon from human inputs to aquatic systems may be important and requires more research.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"AGU Publications","doi":"10.1029/2012GB004361","usgsCitation":"Butman, D., Raymond, P.A., Butler, K.D., and Aiken, G.R., 2012, Relationships between Δ<sup>14</sup>C and the molecular quality of dissolved organic carbon in rivers draining to the coast from the conterminous United States: Global Biogeochemical Cycles, v. 26, no. 4, GB4014; 15 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2012GB004361.","productDescription":"GB4014; 15 p.","ipdsId":"IP-036932","costCenters":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474672,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2012gb004361","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":334292,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"26","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-11-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58905ef2e4b072a7ac0cad3f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Butman, David 0000-0003-3520-7426 dbutman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3520-7426","contributorId":174187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Butman","given":"David","email":"dbutman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":661549,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Raymond, Peter A.","contributorId":172876,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Raymond","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":17883,"text":"Yale School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, New Haven, CT","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":661486,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Butler, Kenna D. 0000-0001-9604-4603 kebutler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9604-4603","contributorId":178885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Butler","given":"Kenna","email":"kebutler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":661485,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Aiken, George R. 0000-0001-8454-0984 graiken@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8454-0984","contributorId":1322,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aiken","given":"George","email":"graiken@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":661484,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70188864,"text":"70188864 - 2012 - Multifractal model of magnetic susceptibility distributions in some igneous rocks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-27T10:06:08","indexId":"70188864","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2878,"text":"Nonlinear Processes in Geophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Multifractal model of magnetic susceptibility distributions in some igneous rocks","docAbstract":"<p><span>Measurements of in-situ magnetic susceptibility were compiled from mainly Precambrian crystalline basement rocks beneath the Colorado Plateau and ranges in Arizona, Colorado, and New Mexico. The susceptibility meter used measures about 30 cm</span><sup>3</sup><span> of rock and measures variations in the modal distribution of magnetic minerals that form a minor component volumetrically in these coarsely crystalline granitic to granodioritic rocks. Recent measurements include 50–150 measurements on each outcrop, and show that the distribution of magnetic susceptibilities is highly variable, multimodal and strongly non-Gaussian. Although the distribution of magnetic susceptibility is well known to be multifractal, the small number of data points at an outcrop precludes calculation of the multifractal spectrum by conventional methods. Instead, a brute force approach was adopted using multiplicative cascade models to fit the outcrop scale variability of magnetic minerals. Model segment proportion and length parameters resulted in 26 676 models to span parameter space. Distributions at each outcrop were normalized to unity magnetic susceptibility and added to compare all data for a rock body accounting for variations in petrology and alteration. Once the best-fitting model was found, the equation relating the segment proportion and length parameters was solved numerically to yield the multifractal spectrum estimate. For the best fits, the relative density (the proportion divided by the segment length) of one segment tends to be dominant and the other two densities are smaller and nearly equal. No other consistent relationships between the best fit parameters were identified. The multifractal spectrum estimates appear to distinguish between metamorphic gneiss sites and sites on plutons, even if the plutons have been metamorphosed. In particular, rocks that have undergone multiple tectonic events tend to have a larger range of scaling exponents.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"European Geosciences Union","doi":"10.5194/npg-19-635-2012","usgsCitation":"Gettings, M.E., 2012, Multifractal model of magnetic susceptibility distributions in some igneous rocks: Nonlinear Processes in Geophysics, v. 19, p. 635-642, https://doi.org/10.5194/npg-19-635-2012.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"635","endPage":"642","ipdsId":"IP-042313","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474628,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/npg-19-635-2012","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":342945,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"19","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-11-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59536eafe4b062508e3c7abb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gettings, Mark E. 0000-0002-2910-2321 mgetting@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2910-2321","contributorId":602,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gettings","given":"Mark","email":"mgetting@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":700740,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70180388,"text":"70180388 - 2012 - Dissolved organic matter enhances microbial mercury methylation under sulfidic conditions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-30T09:44:59","indexId":"70180388","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Dissolved organic matter enhances microbial mercury methylation under sulfidic conditions","docAbstract":"<p><span>Dissolved organic matter (DOM) is generally thought to lower metal bioavailability in aquatic systems due to the formation of metal–DOM complexes that reduce free metal ion concentrations. However, this model may not be pertinent for metal nanoparticles, which are now understood to be ubiquitous, sometimes dominant, metal species in the environment. The influence of DOM on Hg bioavailability to microorganisms was examined under conditions (0.5–5.0 nM Hg and 2–10 μM sulfide) that favor the formation of β-HgS(s) (metacinnabar) nanoparticles. We used the methylation of stable-isotope enriched </span><sup>201</sup><span>HgCl</span><sub>2</sub><span> by </span><i>Desulfovibrio desulfuricans</i><span> ND132 in short-term washed cell assays as a sensitive, environmentally significant proxy for Hg uptake. Suwannee River humic acid (SRHA) and Williams Lake hydrophobic acid (WLHPoA) substantially enhanced (2- to 38-fold) the bioavailability of Hg to ND132 over a wide range of Hg/DOM ratios (9.4 pmol/mg DOM to 9.4 nmol/mg DOM), including environmentally relevant ratios. Methylmercury (MeHg) production by ND132 increased linearly with either SRHA or WLHPoA concentration, but SRHA, a terrestrially derived DOM, was far more effective at enhancing Hg-methylation than WLHPoA, an aquatic DOM dominated by autochthonous sources. No DOM-dependent enhancement in Hg methylation was observed in Hg–DOM–sulfide solutions amended with sufficient </span><span class=\"smallcaps\">l</span><span>-cysteine to prevent β-HgS(s) formation. We hypothesize that small HgS particles, stabilized against aggregation by DOM, are bioavailable to Hg-methylating bacteria. Our laboratory experiments provide a mechanism for the positive correlations between DOC and MeHg production observed in many aquatic sediments and wetland soils.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"ACS Publications","doi":"10.1021/es203658f","usgsCitation":"Graham, A.M., Aiken, G.R., and Gilmour, C., 2012, Dissolved organic matter enhances microbial mercury methylation under sulfidic conditions: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 46, no. 5, p. 2715-2723, https://doi.org/10.1021/es203658f.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"2715","endPage":"2723","ipdsId":"IP-035123","costCenters":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":334281,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"46","issue":"5","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-02-16","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58905ef2e4b072a7ac0cad3d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Graham, Andrew M.","contributorId":178896,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Graham","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":661490,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Aiken, George R. 0000-0001-8454-0984 graiken@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8454-0984","contributorId":1322,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aiken","given":"George","email":"graiken@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":661489,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gilmour, Cynthia","contributorId":178883,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gilmour","given":"Cynthia","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":661528,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70182181,"text":"70182181 - 2012 - Wildfire impacts on soil-water retention in the Colorado Front Range, United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-20T11:37:54","indexId":"70182181","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Wildfire impacts on soil-water retention in the Colorado Front Range, United States","docAbstract":"<p><span>This work examined the plot-scale differences in soil-water retention caused by wildfire in the area of the 2010 Fourmile Canyon Fire in the Colorado Front Range, United States. We measured soil-water retention curves on intact cores and repacked samples, soil particle-size distributions, and organic matter content. Estimates were also made of plant-available water based on the soil-water retention curves. Parameters for use in soil-hydraulic property models were estimated; these parameters can be used in unsaturated flow modeling for comparing burned and unburned watersheds. The primary driver for measured differences in soil-water retention in burned and unburned soils was organic matter content and not soil-particle size distribution. The tendency for unburned south-facing soils to have greater organic matter content than unburned north-facing soils in this field area may explain why unburned south-facing soils had greater soil-water retention than unburned north-facing soils. Our results suggest that high-severity wildfire can “homogenize” soil-water retention across the landscape by erasing soil-water retention differences resulting from organic matter content, which for this site may be affected by slope aspect. This homogenization could have important implications for ecohydrology and plant succession/recovery in burned areas, which could be a factor in dictating the window of vulnerability of the landscape to flash floods and erosion that are a common consequence of wildfire.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"AGU Publications","doi":"10.1029/2012WR012362","usgsCitation":"Ebel, B.A., 2012, Wildfire impacts on soil-water retention in the Colorado Front Range, United States: Water Resources Research, v. 48, no. 12, p. 1-12, https://doi.org/10.1029/2012WR012362.","productDescription":"W12515; 12 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"12","ipdsId":"IP-042044","costCenters":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488761,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2012wr012362","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":335828,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","volume":"48","issue":"12","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-12-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58ac0e31e4b0ce4410e7d60c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ebel, Brian A. 0000-0002-5413-3963 bebel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5413-3963","contributorId":2557,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ebel","given":"Brian","email":"bebel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":669909,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70045422,"text":"70045422 - 2012 - Ordovician of the Sauk megasequence in the Ozark region of northern Arkansas and parts of Missouri and adjacent states","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-16T01:10:48.997294","indexId":"70045422","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":606,"text":"AAPG Memoir","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"chapter":"11","title":"Ordovician of the Sauk megasequence in the Ozark region of northern Arkansas and parts of Missouri and adjacent states","docAbstract":"<p>Exposures of Ordovician rocks of the Sauk megasequence in Missouri and northern Arkansas comprise Ibexian and lower Whiterockian carbonates with interspersed sandstones. Subjacent Cambrian strata are exposed in Missouri but confined to the subsurface in Arkansas. The Sauk-Tippecanoe boundary in this region is at the base of the St. Peter Sandstone. Ulrich and associates divided the Arkansas section into formations early in the 20th century, principally based on sparse collections of fossil invertebrates. In contrast, the distribution of invertebrate faunas and modern studies of conodonts will be emphasized throughout this chapter. Early workers considered many of the stratigraphic units to be separated by unconformities, but modern analysis calls into question the unconformable nature of some of their boundaries. The physical similarity of the several dolomites and sandstones, complex facies relations, and lack of continuous exposures make identification of individual formations difficult in isolated outcrops.</p>\n<p>The oldest formation that crops out in the region is the Jefferson City Dolomite, which may be present in outcrops along incised river valleys near the Missouri-Arkansas border. Rare fossil gastropods, bivalves, brachiopods, conodonts, and trilobites permit correlation of the Cotter through Powell Dolomites with Ibexian strata elsewhere in Laurentia. Conodonts in the Black Rock Limestone Member of the Smithville Formation and the upper part of the Powell Dolomite confirm regional relationships that have been suggested for these units; those of the Black Rock Limestone Member are consistent with deposition under more open marine conditions than existed when older and younger units were forming. Brachiopods and conodonts from the overlying Everton Formation assist in interpreting complex facies within that formation and its correlation to equivalent rocks elsewhere. The youngest conodonts in the Everton Formation provide an age limit for the Sauk-Tippecanoe unconformity near the southern extremity of the great American carbonate bank. The correlation to coeval strata in the Ouachita Mountains of central Arkansas and in the Arbuckle Mountains of Oklahoma and to rocks penetrated in wells drilled in the Reelfoot rift basin has been improved greatly in recent years by integration of biostratigraphic data with lithologic information.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"The great American carbonate bank: The geology and economic resources of the Cambrian–Ordovician Sauk megasequence of Laurentia","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"AAPG","publisherLocation":"Tulsa, OK","doi":"10.1306/13331496M983496","usgsCitation":"Ethington, R.L., Repetski, J.E., and Derby, J.R., 2012, Ordovician of the Sauk megasequence in the Ozark region of northern Arkansas and parts of Missouri and adjacent states: AAPG Memoir, v. 98, p. 275-300, https://doi.org/10.1306/13331496M983496.","productDescription":"26 p.","startPage":"275","endPage":"300","numberOfPages":"26","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":270965,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":299311,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://archives.datapages.com/data/specpubs/memoir98/CHAPTER11/CHAPTER11.HTM"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arkansas, Missouri","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -94.9658203125,\n              34.867904962568744\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.9658203125,\n              37.63163475580643\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.62646484375,\n              37.63163475580643\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.62646484375,\n              34.867904962568744\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.9658203125,\n              34.867904962568744\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"98","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"516e64dae4b00154e4368b63","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ethington, Raymond L.","contributorId":93507,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ethington","given":"Raymond","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":6754,"text":"University of Missouri","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":477480,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Repetski, John E. 0000-0002-2298-7120 jrepetski@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2298-7120","contributorId":2596,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Repetski","given":"John","email":"jrepetski@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":477478,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Derby, James R.","contributorId":68207,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Derby","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":13326,"text":"The University of Tulsa","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":477479,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70032538,"text":"70032538 - 2012 - Species traits and environmental conditions govern the relationship between biodiversity effects across trophic levels","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-30T22:06:47.321118","indexId":"70032538","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2932,"text":"Oecologia","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Species traits and environmental conditions govern the relationship between biodiversity effects across trophic levels","docAbstract":"<p><span>Changing environments can have divergent effects on biodiversity–ecosystem function relationships at alternating trophic levels. Freshwater mussels fertilize stream foodwebs through nutrient excretion, and mussel species-specific excretion rates depend on environmental conditions. We asked how differences in mussel diversity in varying environments influence the dynamics between primary producers and consumers. We conducted field experiments manipulating mussel richness under summer (low flow, high temperature) and fall (moderate flow and temperature) conditions, measured nutrient limitation, algal biomass and grazing chironomid abundance, and analyzed the data with non-transgressive overyielding and tripartite biodiversity partitioning analyses. Algal biomass and chironomid abundance were best explained by trait-independent complementarity among mussel species, but the relationship between biodiversity effects across trophic levels (algae and grazers) depended on seasonal differences in mussel species’ trait expression (nutrient excretion and activity level). Both species identity and overall diversity effects were related to the magnitude of nutrient limitation. Our results demonstrate that biodiversity of a resource-provisioning (nutrients and habitat) group of species influences foodweb dynamics and that understanding species traits and environmental context are important for interpreting biodiversity experiments.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer- Verlag","doi":"10.1007/s00442-011-2110-1","issn":"00298549","usgsCitation":"Spooner, D., Vaughn, C., and Galbraith, H., 2012, Species traits and environmental conditions govern the relationship between biodiversity effects across trophic levels: Oecologia, v. 168, no. 2, p. 533-548, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-011-2110-1.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"533","endPage":"548","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":241724,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214037,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00442-011-2110-1"}],"volume":"168","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-09-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9514e4b08c986b31ad22","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Spooner, D.E.","contributorId":26528,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spooner","given":"D.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436711,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Vaughn, C.C.","contributorId":40027,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vaughn","given":"C.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436712,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Galbraith, H.S. 0000-0003-3704-3517","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3704-3517","contributorId":94509,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Galbraith","given":"H.S.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":436713,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70032534,"text":"70032534 - 2012 - Target loads of atmospheric sulfur and nitrogen deposition for protection of acid sensitive aquatic resources in the Adirondack Mountains, New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:21","indexId":"70032534","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Target loads of atmospheric sulfur and nitrogen deposition for protection of acid sensitive aquatic resources in the Adirondack Mountains, New York","docAbstract":"The dynamic watershed acid-base chemistry model of acidification of groundwater in catchments (MAGIC) was used to calculate target loads (TLs) of atmospheric sulfur and nitrogen deposition expected to be protective of aquatic health in lakes in the Adirondack ecoregion of New York. The TLs were calculated for two future dates (2050 and 2100) and three levels of protection against lake acidification (acid neutralizing capacity (ANC) of 0, 20, and 50 eq L  -1). Regional sulfur and nitrogen deposition estimates were combined with TLs to calculate exceedances. Target load results, and associated exceedances, were extrapolated to the regional population of Adirondack lakes. About 30% of Adirondack lakes had simulated TL of sulfur deposition less than 50 meq m  -2 yr to protect lake ANC to 50 eq L  -1. About 600 Adirondack lakes receive ambient sulfur deposition that is above this TL, in some cases by more than a factor of 2. Some critical criteria threshold values were simulated to be unobtainable in some lakes even if sulfur deposition was to be decreased to zero and held at zero until the specified endpoint year. We also summarize important lessons for the use of target loads in the management of acid-impacted aquatic ecosystems, such as those in North America, Europe, and Asia. Copyright 2012 by the American Geophysical Union.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Water Resources Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2011WR011171","issn":"00431397","usgsCitation":"Sullivan, T., Cosby, B., Driscoll, C.T., McDonnell, T., Herlihy, A., and Burns, D.A., 2012, Target loads of atmospheric sulfur and nitrogen deposition for protection of acid sensitive aquatic resources in the Adirondack Mountains, New York: Water Resources Research, v. 48, no. 1, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011WR011171.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":474639,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2011wr011171","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":213974,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2011WR011171"},{"id":241652,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"48","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-01-31","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba3e2e4b08c986b31ff63","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sullivan, T.J.","contributorId":83734,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sullivan","given":"T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436675,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cosby, B.J.","contributorId":96455,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cosby","given":"B.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436676,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Driscoll, C. T.","contributorId":47530,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Driscoll","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436673,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McDonnell, T.C.","contributorId":82139,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McDonnell","given":"T.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436674,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Herlihy, A.T.","contributorId":31168,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herlihy","given":"A.T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436672,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Burns, Douglas A. 0000-0001-6516-2869","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6516-2869","contributorId":29450,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burns","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436671,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70148290,"text":"70148290 - 2012 - Synthesis study of an erosion hot spot, Ocean Beach, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-05-27T09:56:08","indexId":"70148290","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2220,"text":"Journal of Coastal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Synthesis study of an erosion hot spot, Ocean Beach, California","docAbstract":"<p><span>A synthesis of multiple coastal morphodynamic research efforts is presented to identify the processes responsible for persistent erosion along a 1-km segment of 7-km-long Ocean Beach in San Francisco, California. The beach is situated adjacent to a major tidal inlet and in the shadow of the ebb-tidal delta at the mouth of San Francisco Bay. Ocean Beach is exposed to a high-energy wave climate and significant alongshore variability in forcing introduced by varying nearshore bathymetry, tidal forcing, and beach morphology (</span><i>e.g.</i><span>, beach variably backed by seawall, dunes, and bluffs). In addition, significant regional anthropogenic factors have influenced sediment supply and tidal current strength. A variety of techniques were employed to investigate the erosion at Ocean Beach, including historical shoreline and bathymetric analysis, monthly beach topographic surveys, nearshore and regional bathymetric surveys, beach and nearshore grain size analysis, two surf-zone hydrodynamic experiments, four sets of nearshore wave and current experiments, and several numerical modeling approaches. Here, we synthesize the results of 7&nbsp;years of data collection to lay out the causes of persistent erosion, demonstrating the effectiveness of integrating an array of data sets covering a huge range of spatial scales. The key findings are as follows: anthropogenic influences have reduced sediment supply from San Francisco Bay, leading to pervasive contraction (</span><i>i.e.</i><span>, both volume and area loss) of the ebb-tidal delta, which in turn reduced the regional grain size and modified wave focusing patterns along Ocean Beach, altering nearshore circulation and sediment transport patterns. In addition, scour associated with an exposed sewage outfall pipe causes a local depression in wave heights, significantly modifying nearshore circulation patterns that have been shown through modeling to be key drivers of persistent erosion in that area.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Coastal Education and Research Foundation","doi":"10.2112/JCOASTRES-D-11-00212.1","usgsCitation":"Barnard, P., Hansen, J., and Erikson, L., 2012, Synthesis study of an erosion hot spot, Ocean Beach, California: Journal of Coastal Research, v. 28, no. 4, p. 903-922, https://doi.org/10.2112/JCOASTRES-D-11-00212.1.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"903","endPage":"922","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-034984","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":300838,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"San Francisco","otherGeospatial":"Ocean Beach","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -122.58132934570311,\n              37.77722770873696\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.58132934570311,\n              37.86347038587407\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.4151611328125,\n              37.86347038587407\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.4151611328125,\n              37.77722770873696\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.58132934570311,\n              37.77722770873696\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"28","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5566eae4e4b0d9246a9ec302","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barnard, Patrick L. 0000-0003-1414-6476 pbarnard@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1414-6476","contributorId":138921,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barnard","given":"Patrick L.","email":"pbarnard@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":547672,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hansen, Jeff E.","contributorId":60339,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hansen","given":"Jeff E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":547670,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Erikson, Li H. lerikson@usgs.gov","contributorId":138920,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Erikson","given":"Li H.","email":"lerikson@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":547671,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
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