We monitored bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus) in 2008 and 2009 as a continuation of our work in 2006 and 2007, which involved the tagging of 1,536 bull trout with passive integrated transponder (PIT) tags in the East Fork Jarbidge River and West Fork Jarbidge River and their tributaries in northeastern Nevada and southern Idaho. We installed PIT tag interrogation systems (PTISs) at established locations soon after ice-out, and maintained the PTISs in order to collect information on bull trout movements through December of each year. We observed a marked increase of movement in 2008 and 2009. Bull trout tagged in the uppermost portions of the East Fork Jarbidge River at altitudes greater than 2,100 meters moved to the confluence of the East Fork Jarbidge River and West Fork Jarbidge River in summer and autumn. Ten bull trout tagged upstream of the confluence of Pine Creek and the West Fork Jarbidge River moved downstream and then upstream in the East Fork Jarbidge River, and then past the PTIS at Murphy Hot Springs (river kilometer [rkm] 4.1). Two of these fish ascended Dave Creek, a tributary of the East Fork Jarbidge River, past the PTIS at rkm 0.4. One bull trout that was tagged at rkm 11 in Dave Creek on June 28, 2007 moved downstream to the confluence of the East Fork Jarbidge River and West Fork Jarbidge River (rkm 0) on July 28, 2007, and it was then detected in the West Fork Jarbidge River moving past our PTIS at rkm 15 on May 4, 2008. Combined, the extent and types of bull trout movements observed indicated that the primarily age-1 and age-2 bull trout that we tagged in 2006 and 2007 showed increased movement with age and evidence of a substantial amount of fluvial life history. The movements suggest strong connectivity between spawning areas and downstream mainstem areas, as well as between the East Fork Jarbidge River and West Fork Jarbidge River.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20111090","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Munz, C.S., Allen, M.B., and Connolly, P., 2011, Movement of bull trout in the upper Jarbidge River watershed, Idaho and Nevada, 2008-09--A supplement to Open-File Report 2010-1033: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1090, iv, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111090.","productDescription":"iv, 6 p.","startPage":"i","endPage":"12","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2008-01-01","temporalEnd":"2009-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":21953,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1090/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":116117,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2011_1090.jpg"},{"id":352715,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1090/pdf/ofr20111090.pdf","text":"Report","size":"886 kB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -116,41 ], [ -116,43 ], [ -114,43 ], [ -114,41 ], [ -116,41 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b4808","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Munz, Carrie S. cmunz@usgs.gov","contributorId":3582,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Munz","given":"Carrie","email":"cmunz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":351274,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Allen, M. Brady","contributorId":18874,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"Brady","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351275,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Connolly, Patrick J. 0000-0001-7365-7618 pconnolly@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7365-7618","contributorId":2920,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Connolly","given":"Patrick J.","email":"pconnolly@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":351273,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70004753,"text":"sir20115074 - 2011 - Simulation of specific conductance and chloride concentration in Abercorn Creek, Georgia, 2000-2009","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-17T11:01:35","indexId":"sir20115074","displayToPublicDate":"2011-07-12T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-5074","title":"Simulation of specific conductance and chloride concentration in Abercorn Creek, Georgia, 2000-2009","docAbstract":"The City of Savannah operates an industrial and domestic water-supply intake on Abercorn Creek approximately 2 miles from the confluence with the Savannah River upstream from the Interstate 95 bridge. Chloride concentrations are a major concern for the city because industrial customers require water with low chloride concentrations, and elevated chloride concentrations require additional water treatment in order to meet those needs. The proposed deepening of Savannah Harbor could increase chloride concentrations (the major ion in seawater) in the upper reaches of the lower Savannah River estuary, including Abercorn Creek. To address this concern, mechanistic and empirical modeling approaches were used to simulate chloride concentrations at the city's intake to evaluate potential effects from deepening the Savannah Harbor. The first approach modified the mechanistic Environmental Fluid Dynamics Code (EFDC) model developed by Tetra Tech and used for evaluating proposed harbor deepening effects for the Environmental Impact Statement. Chloride concentrations were modeled directly with the EFDC model as a conservative tracer. This effort was done by Tetra Tech under a separate funding agreement with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and documented in a separate report. The second approach, described in this report, was to simulate chloride concentrations by developing empirical models from the available data using artificial neural network (ANN) and linear regression models. The empirical models used daily streamflow, specific conductance (field measurement for salinity), water temperature, and water color time series for inputs. Because there are only a few data points that describe the relation between high specific conductance values at the Savannah River at Interstate 95 and the water plant intake, there was a concern that these few data points would determine the extrapolation of the empirical model and potentially underestimate the effect of deepening the harbor on chloride concentrations at the intake. To accommodate these concerns, two ANN chloride models were developed for the intake. The first model (ANN M1e) used all the data. The second model (ANN M2e) only used data when specific conductance at Interstate 95 was less than 175 microsiemens per centimeter at 25 degrees Celsius. Deleting the conductivity data greater than 175 microsiemens per centimeter removed the \"plateau\" effect observed in the data. The chloride simulations with the ANN M1 model have a low sensitivity to specific conductance (salinity) at Interstate 95, whereas the chloride simulations with the ANN M2 model have a high sensitivity to salinity at Interstate 95. The two modeling approaches (Tetra Tech's EFDC model and the one described in this report) were integrated into a decision support system (DSS) that combines the historical database, output from EFDC, ANN models, ANN model simulation controls, streaming graphics, and model output. The DSS was developed as a Microsoft ExcelTM/Visual Basic for Applications program, which allowed the DSS to be prototyped, easily modified, and distributed in a familiar spreadsheet format. The EFDC and ANN models were used to simulate various harbor deepening scenarios. To accommodate the geometry changes in the harbor, the ANN models used the EFDC model-simulated salinity changes for a historical condition as input. The DSS uses a graphical user interface and allows the user to interrogate the ANN models and EFDC output. Two scenarios were simulated using the Savannah Chloride Model DSS to demonstrate different input options. One scenario decreased winter streamflows to a constant streamflow for 45 days. Streamflows during the period January 1 to February 15 were set to a constant 3,600 cubic feet per second for the simulation period of October 1, 2006, to October 1, 2009. The decreased winter streamflow resulted in predictions of increased specific conductance by as much as 50 microsiemens per centimeter and chlorid","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20115074","usgsCitation":"Conrads, P., Roehl, E.A., and Davie, S.R., 2011, Simulation of specific conductance and chloride concentration in Abercorn Creek, Georgia, 2000-2009: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5074, viii, 40 p.; Appendix, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20115074.","productDescription":"viii, 40 p.; Appendix","startPage":"i","endPage":"46","numberOfPages":"54","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2000-01-01","temporalEnd":"2009-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116208,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2011_5074.jpg"},{"id":21952,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5074/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"24000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator projection","datum":"NAD 83","country":"United States","state":"Georgia","otherGeospatial":"Abercorn Creek","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -81.4,32 ], [ -81.4,32.55 ], [ -80.8,32.55 ], [ -80.8,32 ], [ -81.4,32 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f7e4b07f02db5f2289","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Conrads, Paul 0000-0003-0408-4208 pconrads@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0408-4208","contributorId":764,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conrads","given":"Paul","email":"pconrads@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":559,"text":"South Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":351270,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Roehl, Edwin A. Jr.","contributorId":108083,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Roehl","given":"Edwin","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351272,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Davie, Steven R.","contributorId":74497,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davie","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351271,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70004742,"text":"sir20115047 - 2011 - Estimated probabilities, volumes, and inundation area depths of potential postwildfire debris flows from Carbonate, Slate, Raspberry, and Milton Creeks, near Marble, Gunnison County, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-11T20:54:13.515301","indexId":"sir20115047","displayToPublicDate":"2011-07-12T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-5047","title":"Estimated probabilities, volumes, and inundation area depths of potential postwildfire debris flows from Carbonate, Slate, Raspberry, and Milton Creeks, near Marble, Gunnison County, Colorado","docAbstract":"During 2009, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with Gunnison County, initiated a study to estimate the potential for postwildfire debris flows to occur in the drainage basins occupied by Carbonate, Slate, Raspberry, and Milton Creeks near Marble, Colorado. Currently (2010), these drainage basins are unburned but could be burned by a future wildfire. Empirical models derived from statistical evaluation of data collected from recently burned basins throughout the intermountain western United States were used to estimate the probability of postwildfire debris-flow occurrence and debris-flow volumes for drainage basins occupied by Carbonate, Slate, Raspberry, and Milton Creeks near Marble. Data for the postwildfire debris-flow models included drainage basin area; area burned and burn severity; percentage of burned area; soil properties; rainfall total and intensity for the 5- and 25-year-recurrence, 1-hour-duration-rainfall; and topographic and soil property characteristics of the drainage basins occupied by the four creeks. A quasi-two-dimensional floodplain computer model (FLO-2D) was used to estimate the spatial distribution and the maximum instantaneous depth of the postwildfire debris-flow material during debris flow on the existing debris-flow fans that issue from the outlets of the four major drainage basins. \n\nThe postwildfire debris-flow probabilities at the outlet of each drainage basin range from 1 to 19 percent for the 5-year-recurrence, 1-hour-duration rainfall, and from 3 to 35 percent for 25-year-recurrence, 1-hour-duration rainfall. The largest probabilities for postwildfire debris flow are estimated for Raspberry Creek (19 and 35 percent), whereas estimated debris-flow probabilities for the three other creeks range from 1 to 6 percent. The estimated postwildfire debris-flow volumes at the outlet of each creek range from 7,500 to 101,000 cubic meters for the 5-year-recurrence, 1-hour-duration rainfall, and from 9,400 to 126,000 cubic meters for the 25-year-recurrence, 1-hour-duration rainfall. The largest postwildfire debris-flow volumes were estimated for Carbonate Creek and Milton Creek drainage basins, for both the 5- and 25-year-recurrence, 1-hour-duration rainfalls. \n\nResults from FLO-2D modeling of the 5-year and 25-year recurrence, 1-hour rainfalls indicate that the debris flows from the four drainage basins would reach or nearly reach the Crystal River. The model estimates maximum instantaneous depths of debris-flow material during postwildfire debris flows that exceeded 5 meters in some areas, but the differences in model results between the 5-year and 25-year recurrence, 1-hour rainfalls are small. Existing stream channels or topographic flow paths likely control the distribution of debris-flow material, and the difference in estimated debris-flow volume (about 25 percent more volume for the 25-year-recurrence, 1-hour-duration rainfall compared to the 5-year-recurrence, 1-hour-duration rainfall) does not seem to substantially affect the estimated spatial distribution of debris-flow material. \n\nHistorically, the Marble area has experienced periodic debris flows in the absence of wildfire. This report estimates the probability and volume of debris flow and maximum instantaneous inundation area depths after hypothetical wildfire and rainfall. This postwildfire debris-flow report does not address the current (2010) prewildfire debris-flow hazards that exist near Marble.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20115047","usgsCitation":"Stevens, M.R., Flynn, J.L., Stephens, V.C., and Verdin, K.L., 2011, Estimated probabilities, volumes, and inundation area depths of potential postwildfire debris flows from Carbonate, Slate, Raspberry, and Milton Creeks, near Marble, Gunnison County, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5047, v, 30 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20115047.","productDescription":"v, 30 p.","numberOfPages":"35","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":394213,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_95271.htm"},{"id":21945,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5047/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":116614,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2011_5047.png"}],"scale":"24000","projection":"Universal Transverst Mercator projection","datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","state":"Colorado","county":"Gunnison County","otherGeospatial":"Carbonate, Slate, Raspberry, and Milton Creeks","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -107.28595733642578,\n 39.019450429324024\n ],\n [\n -107.08683013916014,\n 39.019450429324024\n ],\n [\n -107.08683013916014,\n 39.11008335334396\n ],\n [\n -107.28595733642578,\n 39.11008335334396\n ],\n [\n -107.28595733642578,\n 39.019450429324024\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ce4b07f02db5fcd54","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stevens, Michael R. 0000-0002-9476-6335 mrsteven@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9476-6335","contributorId":769,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stevens","given":"Michael","email":"mrsteven@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":351240,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Flynn, Jennifer L.","contributorId":66298,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flynn","given":"Jennifer","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351243,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stephens, Verlin C.","contributorId":34479,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stephens","given":"Verlin","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351242,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Verdin, Kristine L. 0000-0002-6114-4660 kverdin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6114-4660","contributorId":3070,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Verdin","given":"Kristine","email":"kverdin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":351241,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70004741,"text":"sim3162 - 2011 - Estimated 2008 groundwater potentiometric surface and predevelopment to 2008 water-level change in the Santa Fe Group aquifer system in the Albuquerque area, central New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:41","indexId":"sim3162","displayToPublicDate":"2011-07-12T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"3162","title":"Estimated 2008 groundwater potentiometric surface and predevelopment to 2008 water-level change in the Santa Fe Group aquifer system in the Albuquerque area, central New Mexico","docAbstract":"The water-supply requirements of the Albuquerque metropolitan area of central New Mexico have historically been met almost exclusively by groundwater withdrawal from the Santa Fe Group aquifer system. Previous studies have indicated that the large quantity of groundwater withdrawal relative to recharge has resulted in water-level declines in the aquifer system throughout the metropolitan area. Analysis of the magnitude and pattern of water-level change can help improve understanding of how the groundwater system responds to withdrawals and variations in the management of the water supply and can support water-management agencies' efforts to minimize future water-level declines and improve sustainability. This report, prepared by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the Albuquerque Bernalillo County Water Utility Authority, presents the estimated groundwater potentiometric surface during winter (from December to March) of the 2008 water year and the estimated changes in water levels between predevelopment and water year 2008 for the production zone of the Santa Fe Group aquifer system in the Albuquerque and surrounding metropolitan and military areas. Hydrographs from selected wells are included to provide details of historical water-level changes. In general, water-level measurements used for this report were measured in small-diameter observation wells screened over short intervals and were considered to best represent the potentiometric head in the production zone-the interval of the aquifer, about 300 feet below land surface to 1,100 feet or more below land surface, in which production wells generally are screened. Water-level measurements were collected by various local and Federal agencies. The 2008 water year potentiometric surface map was created in a geographic information system, and the change in water-level elevation from predevelopment to water year 2008 was calculated. The 2008 water-level contours indicate that the general direction of groundwater flow is from the Rio Grande towards clusters of production wells in the east, north, and west. Water-level changes from predevelopment to 2008 are variable across the area. Hydrographs from piezometers on the east side of the river generally indicate a trend of decline in the annual highest water level through most of the period of record. Hydrographs from piezometers in the valley near the river and on the west side of the river indicate spatial variability in water-level trends.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sim3162","usgsCitation":"Falk, S.E., Bexfield, L.M., and Anderholm, S.K., 2011, Estimated 2008 groundwater potentiometric surface and predevelopment to 2008 water-level change in the Santa Fe Group aquifer system in the Albuquerque area, central New Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3162, Map: 38.00 x 24.00 inches; Downloads Directory, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3162.","productDescription":"Map: 38.00 x 24.00 inches; Downloads Directory","startPage":"1","endPage":"1","numberOfPages":"1","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":472,"text":"New Mexico Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116615,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sim_3162.gif"},{"id":21943,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3162/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"50000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator Zone 13N projection","datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","state":"New Mexico","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -106.78416666666666,34.916666666666664 ], [ -106.78416666666666,35.284166666666664 ], [ -106.46666666666667,35.284166666666664 ], [ -106.46666666666667,34.916666666666664 ], [ -106.78416666666666,34.916666666666664 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ee4b07f02db5fdd2b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Falk, Sarah E. sefalk@usgs.gov","contributorId":1056,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Falk","given":"Sarah","email":"sefalk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":351237,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bexfield, Laura M. 0000-0002-1789-654X bexfield@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1789-654X","contributorId":1273,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bexfield","given":"Laura","email":"bexfield@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":472,"text":"New Mexico Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":351238,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Anderholm, Scott K.","contributorId":94270,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderholm","given":"Scott","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351239,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70004738,"text":"ofr20111140 - 2011 - Annotated bibliography of environmentally relevant investigations of uranium mining and milling in the Grants Mineral Belt, northwestern New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:52","indexId":"ofr20111140","displayToPublicDate":"2011-07-12T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-1140","title":"Annotated bibliography of environmentally relevant investigations of uranium mining and milling in the Grants Mineral Belt, northwestern New Mexico","docAbstract":"Studies of the natural environment in the Grants Mineral Belt in northwestern New Mexico have been conducted since the 1930s; however, few such investigations predate uranium mining and milling operations, which began in the early 1950s. This report provides an annotated bibliography of reports that describe the hydrology and geochemistry of groundwaters and surface waters and the geochemistry of soils and sediments in the Grants Mineral Belt and contiguous areas. The reports referenced and discussed provide a large volume of information about the environmental conditions in the area after mining started. Data presented in many of these studies, if evaluated carefully, may provide much basic information about the baseline conditions that existed over large parts of the Grants Mineral Belt prior to mining. Other data may provide information that can direct new work in efforts to discriminate between baseline conditions and the effects of the mining and milling on the natural environment.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20111140","usgsCitation":"Otton, J.K., 2011, Annotated bibliography of environmentally relevant investigations of uranium mining and milling in the Grants Mineral Belt, northwestern New Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1140, iii, 85 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111140.","productDescription":"iii, 85 p.","startPage":"i","endPage":"85","numberOfPages":"88","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116601,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2011_1140.jpg"},{"id":21944,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1140/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"New Mexico","otherGeospatial":"Grants Mineral Belt","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac8e4b07f02db67bfb1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Otton, James K. jkotton@usgs.gov","contributorId":1170,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Otton","given":"James","email":"jkotton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":351236,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70004729,"text":"sir20115262 - 2011 - Stable-isotope ratios of hydrogen and oxygen in precipitation at Norman, Oklahoma, 1996–2008","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-30T19:38:31.970907","indexId":"sir20115262","displayToPublicDate":"2011-07-12T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-5262","title":"Stable-isotope ratios of hydrogen and oxygen in precipitation at Norman, Oklahoma, 1996–2008","docAbstract":"Precipitation samples for measurement of stable-isotope ratios of hydrogen (delta2H) and oxygen (delta18O) were collected at the Norman Landfill Research Site in Norman, Oklahoma, from May 1996 to October 2008. Rainfall amounts also were measured at the site (U.S. Geological Survey gaging station 07229053) during the collection period. The delta2H of precipitation samples ranged from -121.9 to +8.3 per mil, and the delta18O of precipitation ranged from -16.96 to +0.50 per mil. The volume-weighted average values for delta2H and delta18O of precipitation over the 12-year measurement period were -31.13 per mil for delta2H and -5.57 per mil for delta18O. Average summer-season delta2H and delta18O values of precipitation usually were more positive (enriched in the heavier isotopes) than winter values.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20115262","usgsCitation":"Jaeschke, J.B., Scholl, M.A., Cozzarelli, I.M., Masoner, J.R., Christenson, S., and Qi, H., 2011, Stable-isotope ratios of hydrogen and oxygen in precipitation at Norman, Oklahoma, 1996–2008: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5262, iv, 12 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20115262.","productDescription":"iv, 12 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"1996-01-01","temporalEnd":"2008-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":516,"text":"Oklahoma Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116237,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2011_5262.gif"},{"id":393693,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_95270.htm"},{"id":21940,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5262/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Oklahoma","city":"Norman","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -97.4417,\n 35.1614\n ],\n [\n -97.4528,\n 35.1614\n ],\n [\n -97.4528,\n 35.1722\n ],\n [\n -97.4417,\n 35.1722\n ],\n [\n -97.4417,\n 35.1614\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e1e4b07f02db5e48eb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jaeschke, Jeanne B. 0000-0002-6237-6164 jaeschke@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6237-6164","contributorId":3876,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jaeschke","given":"Jeanne","email":"jaeschke@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":37464,"text":"WMA - Laboratory & Analytical Services Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":351230,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Scholl, Martha A. 0000-0001-6994-4614 mascholl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6994-4614","contributorId":1920,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scholl","given":"Martha","email":"mascholl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":351228,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cozzarelli, Isabelle M. 0000-0002-5123-1007 icozzare@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5123-1007","contributorId":1693,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cozzarelli","given":"Isabelle","email":"icozzare@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":49175,"text":"Geology, Energy & Minerals Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":351227,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Masoner, Jason R. 0000-0002-4829-6379 jmasoner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4829-6379","contributorId":3193,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Masoner","given":"Jason","email":"jmasoner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":516,"text":"Oklahoma Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":351229,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Christenson, Scott","contributorId":59128,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christenson","given":"Scott","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351231,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Qi, Haiping 0000-0002-8339-744X haipingq@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8339-744X","contributorId":507,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Qi","given":"Haiping","email":"haipingq@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":351226,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70004727,"text":"ofr20111106 - 2011 - A Holocene record of endogenic iron and manganese precipitation, isotopic composition of endogenic carbonate, and vegetation history in a lake-fen complex in northwestern Minnesota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:54","indexId":"ofr20111106","displayToPublicDate":"2011-07-12T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-1106","title":"A Holocene record of endogenic iron and manganese precipitation, isotopic composition of endogenic carbonate, and vegetation history in a lake-fen complex in northwestern Minnesota","docAbstract":"Little Shingobee Lake and Fen are part of an extensive network of lakes and wetlands in the Shingobee River headwaters area of northwestern Minnesota. Prior to about 9800 radiocarbon years, most of the lakes in the Shingobee watershed area were interconnected to form glacial Lake Willobee. From 9800 to 7700 radiocarbon years, the level of Lake Willobee fell as a result of breaching of a dam, leaving small separated basins containing the existing lakes and wetlands. \n\nThe dominant components in the sediments in a 9-meter core from Little Shingobee Lake (LSL-B), and lacustrine sediments under 3.3 meters of peat in a 17-meter core from Little Shingobee Fen (LSF-10) are detrital clastic material, endogenic CaCO3, and organic matter. The detrital fraction in the Holocene section in core LSL-B varies considerably from 7 weight percent to 82 weight percent and closely parallels the concentration of detrital quartz measured by X-ray diffraction. The CaCO3 concentration, which also varies considerably from 10 weight percent to 70 weight percent, is generally antithetic to the detrital concentration owing to the dilution of detrital material by CaCO3, particularly during the early to middle Holocene (about 9000-6500 calendar years). The organic-matter content varies from 5 weight percent to 25 weight percent and, together with CaCO3, serves to dilute the allogenic detrital fraction.\n\nIn both cores almost all of the iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn) is in endogenic minerals, presumed to be oxyhydroxide minerals, that are important components throughout the core; little Fe and Mn are contributed by detrital aluminosilicate minerals. The endogenic Fe mineral, calculated as Fe(OH)3, forms a larger percentage of the sediment than endogenic organic material throughout most of the Holocene section in the LSL-B core and in the lacustrine sediments below the peat in the LSF-10 core. Biogenic silica as opal (biopal; diatom debris) was not measured, but the average calculated biopal is 5 percent in the LSL-B core and 15.5 percent in the LSF-10 core. \n\nValues of delta18O in mollusk (Pisidium) and ostracode shells increase by only about 20 per mil from the bottom to the top of the LSL-B core (about 12600-2200 calendar years). The remarkably constant oxygen-isotope composition throughout the Holocene suggests that environmental conditions affecting values of delta18O (temperature, salinity, composition of the water, composition of precipitation) did not change greatly. Values of delta13C in carbonate shells generally decreased by about 2 per mil from 9000 calendar years to 6000 calendar years, but they did not increase in organic carbon. This mid-Holocene increase in delta13C in shells but not in organic carbon is likely due to an increase in residence time. A late Pleistocene forest dominated by spruce was replaced in the early Holocene by a pine forest. The pine forest migrated east during the middle Holocene and was replaced by an open sagebrush-oak savanna. The western migration of forests into northwestern Minnesota is marked first by a hardwood forest and finally a pine forest.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20111106","usgsCitation":"Dean, W.E., and Doner, L.A., 2011, A Holocene record of endogenic iron and manganese precipitation, isotopic composition of endogenic carbonate, and vegetation history in a lake-fen complex in northwestern Minnesota: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1106, v, 41 p.; Downloads Directory, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111106.","productDescription":"v, 41 p.; Downloads Directory","startPage":"i","endPage":"41","numberOfPages":"46","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116116,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2011_1106.png"},{"id":21937,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1106/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd4959e4b0b290850ef14f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dean, Walter E. dean@usgs.gov","contributorId":1801,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dean","given":"Walter","email":"dean@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":351224,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Doner, Lisa A.","contributorId":38701,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doner","given":"Lisa","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351225,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70004725,"text":"sir20115086 - 2011 - Numerical simulation of the groundwater-flow system in the Chambers-Clover Creek Watershed and Vicinity, Pierce County, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:41","indexId":"sir20115086","displayToPublicDate":"2011-07-12T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-5086","title":"Numerical simulation of the groundwater-flow system in the Chambers-Clover Creek Watershed and Vicinity, Pierce County, Washington","docAbstract":"A groundwater-flow model was developed to contribute to an improved understanding of water resources in the Chambers-Clover Creek Watershed. The model covers an area of about 491 square miles in western Pierce County, Washington, and is bounded to the northeast by the Puyallup River valley, to the southwest by the Nisqually River valley, and extends northwest to Puget Sound, and southeast to Tanwax Creek. The Puyallup and Nisqually Rivers occupy large, relatively flat alluvial valleys that are separated by a broad, poorly drained, upland area that covers most of the model area. Chambers and Clover Creeks drain much of the central uplands and flow westward to Puget Sound. The model area is underlain by a northwest-thickening sequence of unconsolidated glacial (till and outwash) and interglacial (fluvial and lacustrine) deposits. Ten unconsolidated hydrogeologic units in the model area form the basis of the groundwater-flow model.\n\nGroundwater flow in the Chambers-Clover Creek Watershed and vicinity was simulated using the groundwater-flow model, MODFLOW-2000. The finite-difference model grid comprises 146 rows, 132 columns, and 11 layers. Each model cell has a horizontal dimension of 1,000 by 1,000 feet, and the model contains a total of 123,602 active cells. The thickness of model layers varies throughout the model area and ranges from 1.5 feet in the A3 aquifer unit to 1,567 feet in the G undifferentiated unit. Groundwater flow was simulated for both steady-state and transient conditions. Steady-state conditions were simulated using average recharge, discharge, and water levels for the 24-month period September 2006-August 2008. Transient conditions were simulated for the period September 2006-August 2008 using 24 monthly stress periods. Resource managers and local stakeholders intend to use the model to evaluate a range of water resource issues under both steady-state and transient conditions. Initial conditions for the transient model were developed from a 3-year \"lead-in\" period that used recorded precipitation and river levels, and temporal extrapolations of other boundary conditions. During model calibration, variables were adjusted within probable ranges to minimize differences between measured and simulated groundwater levels and stream baseflows. The model as calibrated to steady-state conditions has a standard deviation for heads and flows of 28.42 feet and 2.12 cubic feet per second, respectively; the model as calibrated to transient conditions has a standard deviation for heads and flows of 23.01 feet and 2.67 cubic feet per second, respectively.\n\nSimulated steady-state inflow to the model area from precipitation and secondary recharge was 477,266 acre-feet per year (acre-ft/yr) (79 percent of total simulated inflow), and simulated inflow from stream and lake leakage was 129,778 acre-ft/yr (21 percent of total simulated inflow). Simulated outflow from the model primarily was through discharge to streams, lakes, springs, seeps, and Puget Sound (559,192 acre-ft/yr; 92 percent of total simulated outflow), and withdrawals from wells (47,863 acre-ft/yr; 8 percent of total simulated outflow).\n\nSix scenarios were formulated and simulated using the calibrated model to provide representative examples of how the model can be used to evaluate the effects on groundwater levels and stream baseflows of potential changes in groundwater withdrawals, in consumptive use, and in recharge.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20115086","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Pierce Conservation District and the Washington State Department of Ecology","usgsCitation":"Johnson, K.H., Savoca, M.E., and Clothier, B., 2011, Numerical simulation of the groundwater-flow system in the Chambers-Clover Creek Watershed and Vicinity, Pierce County, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5086, viii, 55 p.; Figures; Tables, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20115086.","productDescription":"viii, 55 p.; Figures; Tables","startPage":"i","endPage":"108","numberOfPages":"116","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116235,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2011_5086.jpg"},{"id":21936,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5086/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"100000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator projection","datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","state":"Washington","county":"Pierce","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.75,46.784166666666664 ], [ -122.75,47.333333333333336 ], [ -122.08333333333333,47.333333333333336 ], [ -122.08333333333333,46.784166666666664 ], [ -122.75,46.784166666666664 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afce4b07f02db696813","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, Kenneth H. johnson@usgs.gov","contributorId":3103,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Kenneth","email":"johnson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":351222,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Savoca, Mark E. mesavoca@usgs.gov","contributorId":1961,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Savoca","given":"Mark","email":"mesavoca@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":351221,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Clothier, Burt","contributorId":28127,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clothier","given":"Burt","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351223,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70004722,"text":"ofr20111119 - 2011 - Aggregate resource availability in the conterminous United States, including suggestions for addressing shortages, quality, and environmental concerns","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:51","indexId":"ofr20111119","displayToPublicDate":"2011-07-12T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-1119","title":"Aggregate resource availability in the conterminous United States, including suggestions for addressing shortages, quality, and environmental concerns","docAbstract":"One-third of America's major roads are in poor or mediocre condition, and over one-quarter of the bridges are either structurally deficient or functionally obsolete. A 70-percent increase in annual aggregate production may be required to upgrade the transportation infrastructure. Natural aggregate is widespread throughout the conterminous United States, but the location of aggregate is determined by geology and is non-negotiable. Natural aggregate is in short supply in the Coastal Plain and Mississippi embayment, Colorado Plateau and Wyoming Basin, glaciated Midwest, High Plains, and the non-glaciated Northern Plains. A variety of techniques have been used to overcome local shortages, such as the use of substitute materials, recycling, and importing high-quality aggregates from more distant locations.\nAlthough potential sources of aggregate are widespread throughout the United States, many sources may not meet certain physical property requirements, such as soundness, hardness, strength, porosity, and specific gravity, or they may contain contaminants or deleterious materials that render them unusable. Encroachment by conflicting land uses, permitting considerations, environmental issues, and societal pressures can prevent or limit development of otherwise suitable aggregate. The use of sustainable aggregate resource management can help ensure an economically viable supply of aggregate. Sustainable aggregate resource management techniques that have successfully been used include (1) protecting potential resources from encroachment; (2) using marginal-quality local aggregate for applications that do not demand a high-quality resource; (3) using substitute materials such as clinker, scoria, and recycled asphalt and concrete; and (4) using rail and water to transport aggregates from remote sources.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20111119","usgsCitation":"Langer, W.H., 2011, Aggregate resource availability in the conterminous United States, including suggestions for addressing shortages, quality, and environmental concerns: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1119, iv, 83 p.; Slides; PowerPoint Presentation, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111119.","productDescription":"iv, 83 p.; Slides; PowerPoint Presentation","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116653,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2011_1119.png"},{"id":21935,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1119/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae3e4b07f02db689100","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Langer, William H. blanger@usgs.gov","contributorId":1241,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langer","given":"William","email":"blanger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":351220,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70004714,"text":"ds603 - 2011 - Discrete and continuous water-quality data and hydrologic parameters from seven agricultural watersheds in the United States, 2002-09","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:40","indexId":"ds603","displayToPublicDate":"2011-07-12T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"603","title":"Discrete and continuous water-quality data and hydrologic parameters from seven agricultural watersheds in the United States, 2002-09","docAbstract":"Field and analytical methods; discrete organic and non-organic water-quality data and associated quality-control data; and continuous hydrologic and water-quality parameters are reported for sites in California, Indiana, Iowa, Maryland, Mississippi, Nebraska, and Washington. The sites were sampled as part of the U.S. Geological Survey National Water-Quality Assessment Program?s Agricultural Chemicals Team study to better understand how environmental processes and agricultural practices interact to determine the transport and fate of agricultural chemicals in the environment.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ds603","collaboration":"National Water-Quality Assessment Program?","usgsCitation":"McCarthy, K.A., Lampe, D.C., and Capel, P.D., 2011, Discrete and continuous water-quality data and hydrologic parameters from seven agricultural watersheds in the United States, 2002-09: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 603, iv, 7 p.; Appendices; Abstract; Table of Contents; List of Figures; List of Tables; Appendices ZIP; Appendix 1; Appendix 2; Appendices 3-9, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds603.","productDescription":"iv, 7 p.; Appendices; Abstract; Table of Contents; List of Figures; List of Tables; Appendices ZIP; Appendix 1; Appendix 2; Appendices 3-9","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2002-01-01","temporalEnd":"2009-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116115,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds_603.bmp"},{"id":21932,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/603/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a81e4b07f02db64a94c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McCarthy, Kathleen A. mccarthy@usgs.gov","contributorId":1159,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCarthy","given":"Kathleen","email":"mccarthy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":351211,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lampe, David C. 0000-0002-8904-0337 dclampe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8904-0337","contributorId":2441,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lampe","given":"David","email":"dclampe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27231,"text":"Indiana-Kentucky Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":351212,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Capel, Paul D. 0000-0003-1620-5185 capel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1620-5185","contributorId":1002,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Capel","given":"Paul","email":"capel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":351210,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70004504,"text":"70004504 - 2011 - Acute Toxicity of Sodium Fluorescein to Ashy Pebblesnails Fluminicola fuscus","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-06-12T10:54:02","indexId":"70004504","displayToPublicDate":"2011-07-12T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"title":"Acute Toxicity of Sodium Fluorescein to Ashy Pebblesnails Fluminicola fuscus","docAbstract":"Water resource agencies and groundwater scientists use fluorescein dyes to trace ground water flows that supply surface waters that may contain threatened or endangered mollusk species. Since little is known of the toxicity of sodium fluorescein to mollusks, we tested the toxicity of sodium fluorescein to the ashy pebblesnail Fluminicola fuscus. The pebblesnail was selected as a surrogate test species for the threatened Bliss Rapid snail Taylorcocha serpenticola that is endemic to the Snake River and its tributaries in the Hagerman Valley, Idaho. In laboratory tests, we expose replicated groups of snails to a series of concentrations of fluorescein in a static 24 h exposure at 15 degrees C. Following the exposure, we removed snails, rinsed them, and allowed a 48 h recovery in clean water before recording mortality. We estimated 377 mg/L as the median lethal dose. Mortality to snails occurred at concentrations well above those expected in test wells during the monitoring efforts.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","doi":"10.3955/046.086.0304","usgsCitation":"Stockton, K.A., Moffitt, C.M., Blew, D.L., and Farmer, C.N., 2011, Acute Toxicity of Sodium Fluorescein to Ashy Pebblesnails Fluminicola fuscus, 21 p., https://doi.org/10.3955/046.086.0304.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"i","endPage":"21","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":204047,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db699c36","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stockton, Kelly A.","contributorId":58009,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stockton","given":"Kelly","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350520,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Moffitt, Christine M. 0000-0001-6020-9728 cmoffitt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6020-9728","contributorId":2583,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moffitt","given":"Christine","email":"cmoffitt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":350517,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Blew, David L.","contributorId":32285,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blew","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350518,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Farmer, C. Neil","contributorId":36272,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Farmer","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"Neil","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350519,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70003819,"text":"70003819 - 2011 - Agricultural herbicide transport in a first-order intermittent stream, Nebraska, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-18T13:42:51","indexId":"70003819","displayToPublicDate":"2011-07-12T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":833,"text":"Applied Engineering in Agriculture","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Agricultural herbicide transport in a first-order intermittent stream, Nebraska, USA","docAbstract":"The behavior of herbicides in surface waters is a function of many variables, including scale of the watershed, physical and chemical properties of the herbicide, physical and chemical properties of the soil, rainfall intensity, and time of year. In this study, the transport of 6 herbicides and 12 herbicide degradates was examined during the 2004 growing season in an intermediate-scale agricultural watershed (146 ha) that is drained by a first-order intermittent stream, and the mass load for each herbicide in the stream was estimated. The herbicide load during the first week of storm events after application ranged from 17% of annual load for trifluralin to 84% of annual load for acetochlor. The maximum weekly herbicide load in the stream was generally within the first 3 weeks after application for those compounds that were applied within the watershed during 2004, and later for herbicides not applied within the watershed during 2004 but still detected in the stream. The apparent dominant mode of herbicide transport in the stream-determined by analysis amongst herbicide and conservative ion concentrations at different points in the hydrograph and in base flow samples-was either overland runoff or shallow subsurface flow, depending on the elapsed time after application and type of herbicide. The load as a percentage of use (LAPU) for the parent compounds in this study was similar to literature values for those compounds applied by the farmer within the watershed, but smaller for those herbicides that had rainfall as their only source within the watershed.","language":"English","publisher":"American Society Agricultural & Biological Engineers","doi":"10.13031/2013.36227","usgsCitation":"Vogel, J.R., and Linard, J., 2011, Agricultural herbicide transport in a first-order intermittent stream, Nebraska, USA: Applied Engineering in Agriculture, v. 27, no. 1, p. 63-74, https://doi.org/10.13031/2013.36227.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"63","endPage":"74","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":464,"text":"Nebraska Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":502534,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/usgsstaffpub/519","text":"External Repository"},{"id":204045,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nebraska","county":"Colfax","volume":"27","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e6e4b07f02db5e71b3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vogel, J. R.","contributorId":21639,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vogel","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349014,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Linard, J.I.","contributorId":64376,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Linard","given":"J.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349015,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70004759,"text":"ofr20111126 - 2011 - Development and application of indices to assess the condition of benthic algal communities in U.S. streams and rivers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:54","indexId":"ofr20111126","displayToPublicDate":"2011-07-12T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-1126","title":"Development and application of indices to assess the condition of benthic algal communities in U.S. streams and rivers","docAbstract":"Multi-metric indices (MMIs) are a measure of a combination of characteristics of biological communities and are used as indicators of water quality and ecological health. Although MMIs for algal communities have been developed for specific regions of the United States, none of the indices have national applicability. The MMIs described in this report were developed by the National Water-Quality Assessment Program of the U.S. Geological Survey to assess the overall health of benthic algal communities in U.S. streams and rivers within five geographic regions that encompass the conterminous United States.The traditional procedure for developing MMIs (also referred to as indices of biological integrity) is to select individual metrics that, separately, can distinguish between undisturbed sites (selected for this study as reference sites) and predetermined disturbed sites. The metrics are then combined into a single index. In addition to traditional approaches for selecting individual metrics, the current study used stepwise logistic regressions to select sets of metrics that best predicted whether sites were in an undisturbed or a disturbed condition. Multi-metric indices and logistic regression models were developed for five regions of the United States using calibration datasets and were evaluated using independent validation datasets.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20111126","collaboration":"National Water-Quality Assessment Program; Prepared in cooperation with The Academy of Natural Sciences, Patrick Center for Environmental Research","usgsCitation":"Potapova, M., and Carlisle, D.M., 2011, Development and application of indices to assess the condition of benthic algal communities in U.S. streams and rivers: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1126, iv, 24 p.; Appendices, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111126.","productDescription":"iv, 24 p.; Appendices","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116121,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2011_1126.gif"},{"id":21955,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1126/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa8e4b07f02db6672fe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Potapova, Marina","contributorId":89274,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Potapova","given":"Marina","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351290,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Carlisle, Daren M. 0000-0002-7367-348X dcarlisle@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7367-348X","contributorId":513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carlisle","given":"Daren","email":"dcarlisle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":351289,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70136183,"text":"70136183 - 2011 - Projected status of the Pacific walrus (Odobenus rosmarus divergens) in the twenty-first century","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-06-16T17:49:56","indexId":"70136183","displayToPublicDate":"2011-07-01T16:45:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3093,"text":"Polar Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Projected status of the Pacific walrus (Odobenus rosmarus divergens) in the twenty-first century","title":"Projected status of the Pacific walrus (Odobenus rosmarus divergens) in the twenty-first century","docAbstract":"Extensive and rapid losses of sea ice in the Arctic have raised conservation concerns for the Pacific walrus (Odobenus rosmarus divergens), a large pinniped inhabiting arctic and subarctic continental shelf waters of the Chukchi and Bering seas. We developed a Bayesian network model to integrate potential effects of changing environmental conditions and anthropogenic stressors on the future status of the Pacific walrus population at four periods through the twenty-first century. The model framework allowed for inclusion of various sources and levels of knowledge, and representation of structural and parameter uncertainties. Walrus outcome probabilities through the century reflected a clear trend of worsening conditions for the subspecies. From the current observation period to the end of century, the greatest change in walrus outcome probabilities was a progressive decrease in the outcome state of robust and a concomitant increase in the outcome state of vulnerable. The probabilities of rare and extirpated states each progressively increased but remained <10% through the end of the century. The summed probabilities of vulnerable, rare, and extirpated (P(v,r,e)) increased from a current level of 10% in 2004 to 22% by 2050 and 40% by 2095. The degree of uncertainty in walrus outcomes increased monotonically over future periods. In the model, sea ice habitat (particularly for summer/fall) and harvest levels had the greatest influence on future population outcomes. Other potential stressors had much smaller influences on walrus outcomes, mostly because of uncertainty in their future states and our current poor understanding of their mechanistic influence on walrus abundance.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00300-011-0967-4","usgsCitation":"Jay, C.V., Marcot, B., and Douglas, D.C., 2011, Projected status of the Pacific walrus (Odobenus rosmarus divergens) in the twenty-first century: Polar Biology, v. 34, no. 7, p. 1065-1084, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300-011-0967-4.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"1065","endPage":"1084","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-024044","costCenters":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296959,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"34","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-03-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2c2ee4b08de9379b3692","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jay, Chadwick V. 0000-0002-9559-2189 cjay@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9559-2189","contributorId":192736,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jay","given":"Chadwick","email":"cjay@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":537200,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Marcot, Bruce G.","contributorId":58015,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marcot","given":"Bruce G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":537480,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Douglas, David C. 0000-0003-0186-1104 ddouglas@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0186-1104","contributorId":2388,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Douglas","given":"David","email":"ddouglas@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":537201,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70173524,"text":"70173524 - 2011 - Avian influenza shedding patterns in waterfowl: implications for surveillance, environmental transmission, and disease spread","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-15T16:50:51","indexId":"70173524","displayToPublicDate":"2011-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2507,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Diseases","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Avian influenza shedding patterns in waterfowl: implications for surveillance, environmental transmission, and disease spread","docAbstract":"Despite the recognized importance of fecal/oral transmission of low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) via contaminated wetlands, little is known about the length, quantity, or route of AI virus shed by wild waterfowl. We used published laboratory challenge studies to evaluate the length and quantity of low pathogenic (LP) and highly pathogenic (HP) virus shed via oral and cloacal routes by AI-infected ducks and geese, and how these factors might influence AI epidemiology and virus detection. We used survival analysis to estimate the duration of infection (from virus inoculation to the last day virus was shed) and nonlinear models to evaluate temporal patterns in virus shedding. We found higher mean virus titer and longer median infectious period for LPAI-infected ducks (10–11.5 days in oral and cloacal swabs) than HPAI-infected ducks (5 days) and geese (7.5 days). Based on the median bird infectious dose, we found that environmental contamination is two times higher for LPAI- than HPAI-infectious ducks, which implies that susceptible birds may have a higher probability of infection during LPAI than HPAI outbreaks. Less environmental contamination during the course of infection and previously documented shorter environmental persistence for HPAI than LPAI suggest that the environment is a less favorable reservoir for HPAI. The longer infectious period, higher virus titers, and subclinical infections with LPAI viruses favor the spread of these viruses by migratory birds in comparison to HPAI. Given the lack of detection of HPAI viruses through worldwide surveillance, we suggest monitoring for AI should aim at improving our understanding of AI dynamics (in particular, the role of the environment and immunity) using long-term comprehensive live bird, serologic, and environmental sampling at targeted areas. Our findings on LPAI and HPAI shedding patterns over time provide essential information to parameterize environmental transmission and virus spread in predictive epizootiologic models of disease risks.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Disease Association","doi":"10.7589/0090-3558-47.3.566","usgsCitation":"Henaux, V., and Samuel, M.D., 2011, Avian influenza shedding patterns in waterfowl: implications for surveillance, environmental transmission, and disease spread: Journal of Wildlife Diseases, v. 47, no. 3, p. 566-578, https://doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-47.3.566.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"566","endPage":"578","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-024605","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474978,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-47.3.566","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":323724,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"47","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57627c2ee4b07657d19a69cc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Henaux, Viviane","contributorId":171388,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Henaux","given":"Viviane","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":24576,"text":"University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":639149,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Samuel, Michael D. msamuel@usgs.gov","contributorId":1419,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Samuel","given":"Michael","email":"msamuel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":637260,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70046492,"text":"70046492 - 2011 - Isotopic tracing of perchlorate in the environment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-29T09:42:42","indexId":"70046492","displayToPublicDate":"2011-06-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Isotopic tracing of perchlorate in the environment","docAbstract":"Isotopic measurements can be used for tracing the sources and behavior of environmental contaminants. Perchlorate (ClO 4 − ) has been detected widely in groundwater, soils, fertilizers, plants, milk, and human urine since 1997, when improved analytical methods for analyzing ClO 4 −concentration became available for routine use. Perchlorate ingestion poses a risk to human health because of its interference with thyroidal hormone production. Consequently, methods for isotopic analysis of ClO 4 − have been developed and applied to assist evaluation of the origin and migration of this common contaminant. Isotopic data are now available for stable isotopes of oxygen and chlorine, as well as 36Cl isotopic abundances, in ClO 4 − samples from a variety of natural and synthetic sources. These isotopic data provide a basis for distinguishing sources of ClO 4 − found in the environment, and for understanding the origin of natural ClO 4 − . In addition, the isotope effects of microbial ClO 4 − reduction have been measured in laboratory and field experiments, providing a tool for assessing ClO 4 − attenuation in the environment. Isotopic data have been used successfully in some areas for identifying major sources of ClO 4 − contamination in drinking water supplies. Questions about the origin and global biogeochemical cycle of natural ClO 4 − remain to be addressed; such work would benefit from the development of methods for preparation and isotopic analysis of ClO 4 − in samples with low concentrations and complex matrices.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Handbook of environmental isotope geochemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/978-3-642-10637-8_22","isbn":"978-3-642-10636-1","usgsCitation":"Sturchio, N.C., Bohlke, J., Gu, B., Hatzinger, P., and Jackson, W.A., 2011, Isotopic tracing of perchlorate in the environment, chap. of Handbook of environmental isotope geochemistry, p. 437-452, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-10637-8_22.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"437","endPage":"452","ipdsId":"IP-022737","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":342101,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-06-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59366dade4b0f6c2d0d7d648","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Baskaran, Mark","contributorId":87867,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Baskaran","given":"Mark","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7147,"text":"Wayne State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":697108,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Sturchio, Neil C.","contributorId":149375,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sturchio","given":"Neil","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":15289,"text":"University of Illinois, Ven Te Chow Hydrosystems Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":697103,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bohlke, J.K. 0000-0001-5693-6455 jkbohlke@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5693-6455","contributorId":191103,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bohlke","given":"J.K.","email":"jkbohlke@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":36183,"text":"Hydro-Ecological Interactions Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":697104,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gu, Baohua","contributorId":15504,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gu","given":"Baohua","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":697105,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hatzinger, Paul B.","contributorId":43204,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hatzinger","given":"Paul B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":697106,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Jackson, W. Andrew","contributorId":191113,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jackson","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"Andrew","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":697107,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70004711,"text":"fs20113054 - 2011 - Characterizing contaminant concentrations with depth by using the USGS well profiler in Oklahoma, 2003-9","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-08-30T17:16:17","indexId":"fs20113054","displayToPublicDate":"2011-06-23T13:22:41","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-3054","title":"Characterizing contaminant concentrations with depth by using the USGS well profiler in Oklahoma, 2003-9","docAbstract":"Since 2003, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Oklahoma Water Science Center has been using the USGS well profiler to characterize changes in water contribution and contaminant concentrations with depth in pumping public-supply wells in selected aquifers. The tools and methods associated with the well profiler, which were first developed by the USGS California Water Science Center, have been used to investigate common problems such as saline water intrusion in high-yield irrigation wells and metals contamination in high-yield public-supply wells.\nThe USGS well profiler is a slim (less than 1 inch in diameter), high-pressure hose that can be raised and lowered between the production pipe and casing (or borehole) of a well by using a motorized hose reel. Use of this tool is considerably less expensive than use of standard methods of depth-dependent sampling, and the USGS well profiler generally requires less downtime of the well. In terms of data quality, the greatest advantage of the USGS well profiler is that all data collection is performed under production pumping rates.\nIn Oklahoma, the USGS well profiler has been modified and adapted for use in low-yield (150?350 gallons per minute) wells of various construction types common in Oklahoma. This tool has been used in selected public-supply wells in Hinton, Moore, and Norman to identify which producing zones are contaminated by naturally occurring arsenic. The tool and method also can be used to investigate other nonvolatile contaminants of interest, including uranium, radium, barium, boron, lead, selenium, sulfate, chloride, fluoride, nitrate, and chromium.\nIn 2007, the USGS well profiler was used to investigate saline water intrusion in a deep public-supply well completed in the Ozark (Roubidoux) aquifer. In northeast Oklahoma, where the Ozark aquifer is known to be susceptible to contamination from mining activities, the well profiler also could be used to investigate sources (depths) of metals contamination and to identify routes of entry of metals to production wells.Water suppliers can consider well rehabilitation as a potential remediation strategy because of the ability to identify changes in contaminant concentrations with depth in individual wells with the USGS well profiler. Well rehabilitation methods, which are relatively inexpensive compared to drilling and completing new wells, involve modifying the construction or operation of a well to enhance the production of water from zones with lesser concentrations of a contaminant or to limit the production of water from zones with greater concentrations of a contaminant. One of the most effective well rehabilitation methods is zonal isolation, in which water from contaminated zones is excluded from production through installation of cement plugs or packers. By using relatively simple and inexpensive well rehabilitation methods, water suppliers may be able to decrease exposure of customers to contaminants and avoid costly installation of additional wells, conveyance infrastructure, and treatment technologies.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20113054","usgsCitation":"Smith, S.J., and Becker, C., 2011, Characterizing contaminant concentrations with depth by using the USGS well profiler in Oklahoma, 2003-9: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2011-3054, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20113054.","productDescription":"4 p.","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":516,"text":"Oklahoma Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116231,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2011_3054.jpg"},{"id":260022,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2011/3054/pdf/FS2011-3054.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":21930,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2011/3054/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"100000","projection":"Albers Equal-Area Conic","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -103,34 ], [ -103,37 ], [ -95,37 ], [ -95,34 ], [ -103,34 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e2e4b07f02db5e4cf9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, S. Jerrod 0000-0002-9379-8167 sjsmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9379-8167","contributorId":981,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"S.","email":"sjsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Jerrod","affiliations":[{"id":516,"text":"Oklahoma Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":351207,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Becker, Carol 0000-0001-6652-4542 cjbecker@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6652-4542","contributorId":2489,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Becker","given":"Carol","email":"cjbecker@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":516,"text":"Oklahoma Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":351208,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70004702,"text":"sir20115091 - 2011 - Estimation of annual suspended-sediment fluxes, 1931-95, and evaluation of geomorphic changes, 1950-2010, in the Arkansas River near Tulsa, Oklahoma","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:41","indexId":"sir20115091","displayToPublicDate":"2011-06-22T13:50:04","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-5091","title":"Estimation of annual suspended-sediment fluxes, 1931-95, and evaluation of geomorphic changes, 1950-2010, in the Arkansas River near Tulsa, Oklahoma","docAbstract":"An understanding of fluvial sediment transport and changing channel morphology can assist planners in making responsible decisions with future riverine development or restoration projects. Sediment rating curves can serve as simple models and can provide predictive tools to estimate annual sediment fluxes. Sediment flux models can aid in the design of river projects by providing insight to past and potential future sediment fluxes. Historical U.S. Geological Survey suspended-sediment and discharge data were evaluated to estimate annual suspended-sediment fluxes for two stations on the Arkansas River located downstream from Keystone Dam in Tulsa County. Annual suspended-sediment fluxes were estimated from 1931-95 for the Arkansas River at Tulsa streamflow-gaging station (07164500) and from 1973-82 for the Arkansas River near Haskell streamflow-gaging station (07165570). The annual flow-weighted suspended-sediment concentration decreased from 1,970 milligrams per liter to 350 milligrams per liter after the completion of Keystone Dam at the Tulsa station. The streambed elevation at the Arkansas River at Tulsa station has changed less than 1 foot from 1970 to 2005, but the thalweg has shifted from a location near the right bank to a position near the left bank. There was little change in the position of most of the banks of the Arkansas River channel from 1950 to 2009. The most substantial change evident from visual inspection of aerial photographs was an apparent decrease in sediment storage in the form of mid-channel and meander bars. The Arkansas River channel between Keystone Dam and the Tulsa-Wagoner County line showed a narrowing and lengthening (increase in sinuosity) over the transition period 1950-77 followed by a steady widening and shortening of the river channel (decrease in sinuosity) during the post-dam (Keystone) periods 1977-85, 1985-2003, and 2003-10.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20115091","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Tulsa County","usgsCitation":"Lewis, J.M., Smith, S.J., Buck, S.D., and Strong, S.A., 2011, Estimation of annual suspended-sediment fluxes, 1931-95, and evaluation of geomorphic changes, 1950-2010, in the Arkansas River near Tulsa, Oklahoma: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5091, v, 21 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20115091.","productDescription":"v, 21 p.","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":516,"text":"Oklahoma Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116650,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2011_5091.png"},{"id":21919,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5091/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -96.55,35.583333333333336 ], [ -96.55,36.333333333333336 ], [ -95.16666666666667,36.333333333333336 ], [ -95.16666666666667,35.583333333333336 ], [ -96.55,35.583333333333336 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a5ee4b07f02db633d86","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lewis, Jason M. 0000-0001-5337-1890 jmlewis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5337-1890","contributorId":3854,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lewis","given":"Jason","email":"jmlewis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":516,"text":"Oklahoma Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":351197,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, S. Jerrod 0000-0002-9379-8167 sjsmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9379-8167","contributorId":981,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"S.","email":"sjsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Jerrod","affiliations":[{"id":516,"text":"Oklahoma Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":351196,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Buck, Stephanie D. sbuck@usgs.gov","contributorId":4622,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buck","given":"Stephanie","email":"sbuck@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":351198,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Strong, Scott A. sstrong@usgs.gov","contributorId":4623,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Strong","given":"Scott","email":"sstrong@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":351199,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70004698,"text":"ofr20111141 - 2011 - Watershed regressions for pesticides (WARP) for predicting atrazine concentration in Corn Belt streams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:40","indexId":"ofr20111141","displayToPublicDate":"2011-06-21T16:50:03","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-1141","title":"Watershed regressions for pesticides (WARP) for predicting atrazine concentration in Corn Belt streams","docAbstract":"Watershed Regressions for Pesticides (WARP) models, previously developed for atrazine at the national scale, can be improved for application to the U.S. Corn Belt region by developing region-specific models that include important watershed characteristics that are influential in predicting atrazine concentration statistics within the Corn Belt. WARP models for the Corn Belt (WARP-CB) were developed for predicting annual maximum moving-average (14-, 21-, 30-, 60-, and 90-day durations) and annual 95th-percentile atrazine concentrations in streams of the Corn Belt region. All streams used in development of WARP-CB models drain watersheds with atrazine use intensity greater than 17 kilograms per square kilometer (kg/km2). The WARP-CB models accounted for 53 to 62 percent of the variability in the various concentration statistics among the model-development sites.\nThe 95-percent prediction intervals are well within a factor of 10 above and below the predicted concentration statistic. WARP-CB model predictions were within a factor of 5 of the observed concentration statistic for over 90 percent of the model-development sites. The WARP-CB residuals and uncertainty are lower than those of the National WARP model for the same sites. The WARP-CB models provide improved predictions of the probability of exceeding a specified criterion or benchmark for Corn Belt streams draining watersheds with high atrazine use intensities; however, National WARP models should be used for Corn Belt streams where atrazine use intensities are less than 17 kg/km2 of watershed area.","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20111141","collaboration":"National Water-Quality Assessment Program","usgsCitation":"Stone, W.W., and Gilliom, R.J., 2011, Watershed regressions for pesticides (WARP) for predicting atrazine concentration in Corn Belt streams: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1141, vii, 15 p.; Appendices; Appendix 1; Appendix 2, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111141.","productDescription":"vii, 15 p.; Appendices; Appendix 1; Appendix 2","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116220,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2011_1141.gif"},{"id":21917,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1141/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e47c8e4b07f02db4ab7ea","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stone, Wesley W. 0000-0003-0239-2063 wwstone@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0239-2063","contributorId":1496,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stone","given":"Wesley","email":"wwstone@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":27231,"text":"Indiana-Kentucky Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":351185,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gilliom, Robert J. rgilliom@usgs.gov","contributorId":488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gilliom","given":"Robert","email":"rgilliom@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":351184,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70004699,"text":"ofr20111129 - 2011 - Discharge and sediment concentration in the Bill Williams River and turbidity in Lake Havasu during and following high releases from Alamo Dam, Arizona, in March and April 2010","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:58","indexId":"ofr20111129","displayToPublicDate":"2011-06-21T16:50:03","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-1129","title":"Discharge and sediment concentration in the Bill Williams River and turbidity in Lake Havasu during and following high releases from Alamo Dam, Arizona, in March and April 2010","docAbstract":"Discharges higher than are typically released from Alamo Dam in west-central Arizona were planned and released in 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008 and 2010 to study the effects of these releases on the Bill Williams River. The Bill Williams River Wildlife Refuge is located above the mouth of the Bill Williams River on Lake Havasu, and the river is the subject of ongoing ecological studies. Sediment concentrations and water discharges were measured in the Bill Williams River and turbidity, water temperature, specific conductance, pH, dissolved oxygen, and Secchi depth were measured in Lake Havasu during and after experimental releases in 2005 and 2006 from Alamo Dam. Additional measurements of the same parameters in the Bill Williams River and Lake Havasu were made during releases in 2010, and these are the subject of this report.","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20111129","collaboration":"In cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Wiele, S.M., Macy, J.P., Darling, H.L., Hart, R.J., and Hautzinger, A.B., 2011, Discharge and sediment concentration in the Bill Williams River and turbidity in Lake Havasu during and following high releases from Alamo Dam, Arizona, in March and April 2010: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1129, iv, 10 p.; Appendices folder, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111129.","productDescription":"iv, 10 p.; Appendices folder","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2010-03-01","temporalEnd":"2010-04-30","costCenters":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116219,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2011_1129.gif"},{"id":21918,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1129/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -114.2,34.28333333333333 ], [ -114.2,34.36666666666667 ], [ -114.08333333333333,34.36666666666667 ], [ -114.08333333333333,34.28333333333333 ], [ -114.2,34.28333333333333 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a82e4b07f02db64aaca","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wiele, Stephen M. smwiele@usgs.gov","contributorId":2199,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wiele","given":"Stephen","email":"smwiele@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":351188,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Macy, Jamie P. 0000-0003-3443-0079 jpmacy@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3443-0079","contributorId":2173,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Macy","given":"Jamie","email":"jpmacy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":351187,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Darling, Hugh L. hdarling@usgs.gov","contributorId":4681,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Darling","given":"Hugh","email":"hdarling@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":351189,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hart, Robert J. bhart@usgs.gov","contributorId":598,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hart","given":"Robert","email":"bhart@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":351186,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hautzinger, Andrew B.","contributorId":45411,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hautzinger","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351190,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ]}