{"pageNumber":"723","pageRowStart":"18050","pageSize":"25","recordCount":68920,"records":[{"id":70004691,"text":"sir20115050 - 2011 - Simulation of the effects of Devils Lake outlet alternatives on future lake levels and downstream water quality in the Sheyenne River and Red River of the North","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-14T22:38:48.810231","indexId":"sir20115050","displayToPublicDate":"2011-06-21T13:50:03","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-5050","title":"Simulation of the effects of Devils Lake outlet alternatives on future lake levels and downstream water quality in the Sheyenne River and Red River of the North","docAbstract":"<p>Since 1992, Devils Lake in northeastern North Dakota has risen nearly 30 feet, destroying hundreds of homes, inundating thousands of acres of productive farmland, and costing more than $1 billion for road raises, levee construction, and other flood mitigation measures. In 2011, the lake level is expected to rise at least another 2 feet above the historical record set in 2010 (1,452.0 feet above the National Geodetic Vertical Datum of 1929), cresting less than 4 feet from the lake's natural spill elevation to the Sheyenne River (1,458.0 feet). In an effort to slow the rising lake and reduce the chance of an uncontrolled spill, the State of North Dakota is considering options to expand a previously constructed outlet from the west end of Devils Lake or construct a second outlet from East Devils Lake. Future outlet discharges from Devils Lake, when combined with downstream receiving waters, need to be in compliance with applicable Clean Water Act requirements. This study was completed by the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the North Dakota Department of Health Division of Water Quality, to evaluate the various outlet alternatives with respect to their effect on downstream water quality and their ability to control future lake levels.</p><p>A Devils Lake stochastic simulation model developed in previous studies was modified and combined with a downstream stochastic routing model developed for this study to simulate future (2011–30) Devils Lake levels and water quality, and outlet discharges, flows, and water quality (specifically, dissolved sulfate and total dissolved solids concentrations) for key downstream locations. Outlet alternatives include: (1) a 250 cubic feet per second west-end outlet (the current outlet) combined with a 250 cubic feet per second east-end outlet (W250E250); (2) a 350 cubic feet per second west-end outlet combined with a 250 cubic feet per second east-end outlet (W350E250); and (3) a 250 cubic feet per second west-end outlet combined with a 350 cubic feet per second east-end outlet (W250E350). In addition to satisfying current (2011) flow and water-quality requirements for the upper Sheyenne River, each of the outlet options was simulated with a less restrictive downstream sulfate constraint (750 milligrams per liter) and a more restrictive downstream sulfate constraint (650 milligrams per liter) for the outflows from Baldhill Dam. Thus, there were a total of six outlet scenarios (three outlet alternatives, each with the less restrictive and more restrictive downstream sulfate constraint). In addition, a baseline simulation in which there were no outlet discharges was used for comparison with the outlet simulations.</p><p>Simulation results indicate all six outlet scenarios substantially reduce, but do not eliminate, the chance of a spill. For the baseline simulation, the chance of a spill would be 0.6 percent this year (2011), about 14 percent by next year (2012), about 28 percent by 2015, and about 45 percent by 2030. The outlet scenarios reduce the chance of a spill to 0.2 percent this year, about 9 percent next year, 14 to 15 percent by 2015, and 17 to 19 percent by 2030. The chances of a spill are slightly less for the larger outlets (W350E250 and W250E350) compared with the smaller outlet (W250E250) and slightly greater for the more restrictive downstream sulfate constraint (650 milligrams per liter) compared with the less restrictive constraint (750 milligrams per liter). All of the outlet scenarios prevent most spills that would have occurred after 2015, but many of the spills that occur before 2015 are not prevented by any of the outlet scenarios.</p><p>All of the outlet scenarios are effective for drawing the lake down in future years, but the more restrictive downstream constraint results in slower drawdown compared with the less restrictive constraint. For the baseline condition, the chance the lake would be above 1,450.0 feet is 99 percent in 2015 and 38 percent in 2030. For the outlet scenarios with the 750 milligrams per liter downstream constraint, the chance is 55 to 63 percent in 2015 and about 5 percent in 2030. For the outlet scenarios with the 650 milligrams per liter downstream constraint, the chance is 75 to 80 percent in 2015 and about 6 percent in 2030.</p><p>The 90th percentiles of simulated monthly average sulfate and total dissolved solids concentrations for downstream sites were used as a measure of concentrations that may be expected to occur during relatively dry years when Devils Lake water could provide a substantial part of downstream flows. The percentiles were similar among the three outlet alternatives (W250E250, W350E250, and W250E350). However, the percentiles were sensitive to the downstream sulfate constraint. During periods of declining lake levels and relatively low downstream flows, the 650 milligrams per liter downstream sulfate constraint resulted in reduced outlet discharges and lower downstream concentrations compared with the 750 milligrams per liter constraint. For the 750 milligrams per liter constraint, the 90th percentile concentration for the Red River of the North at Halstad peaked at about 500–550 milligrams per liter of sulfate and 1,200–1,250 milligrams per liter of total dissolved solids during 2013–15 and declined to about 300 milligrams per liter of sulfate and 800 milligrams per liter of total dissolved solids during 2025. The 90th percentile concentration for the Red River of the North at Emerson peaked at about 450–500 milligrams per liter of sulfate and 1,150–1,200 milligrams per liter of total dissolved solids during 2013–15 and declined to about 200–250 milligrams per liter of sulfate and 750 milligrams per liter of total dissolved solids during 2025. For the 650 milligrams per liter constraint, the 90th percentile concentration for the Halstad site peaked at about 400 milligrams per liter of sulfate and 1,000 milligrams per liter of total dissolved solids during 2013–17 and declined to about 300 milligrams per liter of sulfate and 800 milligrams per liter of total dissolved solids during 2025. The 90th percentile concentration for the Emerson site peaked at about 350 milligrams per liter of sulfate and 950 milligrams per liter of total dissolved solids during 2013–17 and declined to about 275 milligrams per liter of sulfate and 750 milligrams per liter of total dissolved solids during 2025.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20115050","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the North Dakota Department of Health Division of Water Quality","usgsCitation":"Vecchia, A.V., 2011, Simulation of the effects of Devils Lake outlet alternatives on future lake levels and downstream water quality in the Sheyenne River and Red River of the North: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5050, vi, 50 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20115050.","productDescription":"vi, 50 p.","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":423595,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_95250.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":21916,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5050/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":116217,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2011_5050.jpg"}],"scale":"12000000","country":"United States","state":"North Dakota","otherGeospatial":"Devils Lake,","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -99.49965368785013,\n              48.373879155624735\n            ],\n            [\n              -99.49965368785013,\n              47.70188428426323\n            ],\n            [\n              -98.16471667645847,\n              47.70188428426323\n            ],\n            [\n              -98.16471667645847,\n              48.373879155624735\n            ],\n            [\n              -99.49965368785013,\n              48.373879155624735\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f7e4b07f02db5f1e9d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vecchia, Aldo V. 0000-0002-2661-4401","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2661-4401","contributorId":41810,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vecchia","given":"Aldo","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351156,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70004686,"text":"ofr20111122 - 2011 - Review of samples of water, sediment, tailings, and biota at the Little Bonanza mercury mine, San Luis Obispo County, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-07-19T08:36:24","indexId":"ofr20111122","displayToPublicDate":"2011-06-21T10:50:02","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-1122","title":"Review of samples of water, sediment, tailings, and biota at the Little Bonanza mercury mine, San Luis Obispo County, California","docAbstract":"Background and Objectives\n\nThe Little Bonanza mercury (Hg) mine, located in San Luis Obispo County, California, is a relatively small mine with, a historical total Hg production of about 1,000 flasks. The mine workings and tailings are located in the headwaters of the previously unnamed west fork of Las Tablas Creek (WF Las Tablas Creek), which flows into the Nacimiento Reservoir. Wasterock and tailings eroded from the Little Bonanza Hg Mine have contributed Hg-enriched mine wastes to the headwaters of WF Las Tablas Creek. The mine is located on Federal land managed by the U.S. Bureau of Land Management (BLM), which requested that the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) measure and characterize Hg and other geochemical constituents in tailings, sediment, water, and biota at and downstream from the minesite. This report is in response that request, from the lead agency which is mandated to conduct a Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) - Removal Site Investigation (RSI). The RSI applies to removal of Hg-contaminated mine waste from the Little Bonanza minesite as a means of reducing Hg transport to WF Las Tablas Creek.\n\nThis report summarizes data obtained from field sampling of mine tailings, wasterock, sediment, water, and biota at the Little Bonanza Mine that was completed on April 6, 2010. Conditions during sampling were dry and no rain had occurred in the watershed for several weeks. Our results permit a preliminary assessment of the mining sources of Hg and associated chemical constituents that could produce elevated levels of monomethyl mercury (MMeHg) in WF Las Tablas Creek and in biota.\nHistory and Geology\n\nThe history of the Little Bonanza Hg mine is summarized here from Yates (1943) and other references as cited. The Little Bonanza Mine, located 20 mi west of Paso Robles, was discovered in 1862. Although production was minor until 1900, from 1900 to 1906, the mine produced about 1,000 flasks of Hg. Intermittent production continued into the 1940s but was relatively limited. Underground workings, now caved and inaccessible, include about 3,000 ft of drifts, crosscuts, and raises on three levels extending 260 ft downward.\n\nThe workings at the Little Bonanza Mine explore a zone of fault breccia, which trends northwest. The breccia is composed of fragments of sandstone, greenstone, serpentine, and chert in a shale matrix. The serpentine has been hydrothermally altered to silica-carbonate rock, and the Hg deposit is hosted within the zone of alteration. The veins are discontinuous and irregular, but form a steplike pattern along the fault zone. The principal mineralization occurring in the veins is irregular, consisting of disseminated zones of cinnabar. Most of the veins in the mine area contain cinnabar.\nSample Sites and Methods\n\nSamples were collected to assess the concentrations of Hg and biogeochemically relevant constituents in tailings and wasterock piles at the Little Bonanza Hg mine. Tailings are present adjacent to a three-pipe retort used to process the Hg ore. The tailings occur in the upper 15 cm of the soil adjacent to the retort and slag from the retort is present on the surface. An area of disturbed soil and rock uphill from the retort was likely formed during construction of a dam that provided water for mining activities. Wasterock in these piles was sampled. The largest amount of tailings is exposed to the west of the retort in the bank of WF Las Tablas Creek. Water, sediment, and biota were sampled from WF Las Tablas Creek, which flows through the mine area. Sample-site locations are shown in figures 10 and 11 and listed in table 1. Samples were collected when streamflow was low and no precipitation had occurred.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20111122","usgsCitation":"Rytuba, J.J., Hothem, R.L., Goldstein, D., Brussee, B.E., and May, J., 2011, Review of samples of water, sediment, tailings, and biota at the Little Bonanza mercury mine, San Luis Obispo County, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1122, vii, 11 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111122.","productDescription":"vii, 11 p.","startPage":"i","endPage":"46","numberOfPages":"53","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":266,"text":"Environmental Resources Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":34983,"text":"Contaminant Biology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116215,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2011_1122.gif"},{"id":21913,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1122/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"San Luis Obispo","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -121,35.3 ], [ -121,35.6 ], [ -120.5,35.6 ], [ -120.5,35.3 ], [ -121,35.3 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abde4b07f02db673ec4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rytuba, James J. jrytuba@usgs.gov","contributorId":3043,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rytuba","given":"James","email":"jrytuba@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":351141,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hothem, Roger L. roger_hothem@usgs.gov","contributorId":1721,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hothem","given":"Roger","email":"roger_hothem@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":351140,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Goldstein, Daniel N.","contributorId":87671,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldstein","given":"Daniel N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351144,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brussee, Brianne E. 0000-0002-2452-7101 bbrussee@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2452-7101","contributorId":4249,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brussee","given":"Brianne","email":"bbrussee@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":351142,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"May, Jason T. 0000-0002-5699-2112","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5699-2112","contributorId":14791,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"May","given":"Jason T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351143,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70156441,"text":"70156441 - 2011 - Assessing effects of changing land use practices on sediment loads in Panther Creek, north coastal California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-11-09T17:52:26.896721","indexId":"70156441","displayToPublicDate":"2011-06-21T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Assessing effects of changing land use practices on sediment loads in Panther Creek, north coastal California","docAbstract":"<p><span>Revisions to the California Forest Practice Rules since 1974 were intended to increase protection of water quality in streams draining timber harvest areas. The effects of improved timber harvesting methods and road designs on sediment loading are assessed for the Panther Creek basin, a 15.4 km<sup>2</sup> watershed in Humboldt County, north coastal California. We compute land use statistics, analyze suspended sediment discharge rating curves, and compare sediment yields in Panther Creek to a control (unlogged) stream, Little Lost Man Creek. From 1978 to 2008, 8.2 km<sup>2</sup> (over half the watershed) was clearcut and other timber management activities (thinning, selection cuts, and so forth) affected an additional 5.9 km2. Since 1984, 40.7 km of streams in harvest units received riparian buffer strip protection. Between 2000 and 2009, 22 km of roads were upgraded and 9.7 km were decommissioned, reducing potential sediment production by an estimated 40,000 m<sup>3</sup>. Road density is currently 3.1 km/km<sup>2</sup>. Sediment rating curves from 2005 to 2010 indicate a decrease in suspended sediment concentrations when compared to the pre-1996 period, although Panther Creek still has a higher sediment yield on a per unit area basis than the control stream.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the coast redwood forests in a changing California: A symposium for scientists and managers","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Redwood Science Symposium: Coast Redwood Forests in a Changing California","conferenceDate":"June 21-23 2011","conferenceLocation":"Santa Cruz, California","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station","usgsCitation":"Madej, M.A., Bundros, G., and Klein, R., 2011, Assessing effects of changing land use practices on sediment loads in Panther Creek, north coastal California, <i>in</i> Proceedings of the coast redwood forests in a changing California: A symposium for scientists and managers, Santa Cruz, California, June 21-23 2011, p. 101-110.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"101","endPage":"110","numberOfPages":"9","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-030336","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":307148,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Redwood National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -124.222412109375,\n              41.74979958661997\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.96835327148436,\n              41.74979958661997\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.96835327148436,\n              41.999304591234996\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.222412109375,\n              41.999304591234996\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.222412109375,\n              41.74979958661997\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57fe7f4ee4b0824b2d147747","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Madej, Mary Ann 0000-0003-2831-3773 mary_ann_madej@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2831-3773","contributorId":40304,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Madej","given":"Mary","email":"mary_ann_madej@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Ann","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":569177,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bundros, Greg","contributorId":146856,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bundros","given":"Greg","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":569178,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Klein, Randy","contributorId":146857,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Klein","given":"Randy","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":569179,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70004577,"text":"70004577 - 2011 - Chemical ecology of red mangroves, Rhizophora mangle, in the Hawaiian Islands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:56","indexId":"70004577","displayToPublicDate":"2011-06-20T16:50:03","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2990,"text":"Pacific Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Chemical ecology of red mangroves, Rhizophora mangle, in the Hawaiian Islands","docAbstract":"The coastal red mangrove, Rhizophora mangle L., was introduced to the Hawaiian Islands from Florida 100 yr ago and has spread to cover many shallow intertidal shorelines that once were unvegetated mudflats. We used a field survey approach to test whether mangroves at the land-ocean interface could indicate watershed inputs, especially whether measurements of leaf chemistry could identify coasts with high nutrient inputs and high mangrove productivities. During 2001-2002, we sampled mangroves on dry leeward coasts of southern Moloka'i and O'ahu for 14 leaf variables including stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes (delta<sup>13</sup>C, delta<sup>15</sup>N), macronutrients (C, N, P), trace elements (B, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn), and cations (Na, Mg, K, Ca). A new modeling approach using leaf Na, N, P, and delta<sup>13</sup>C indicated two times higher productivity for mangroves in urban versus rural settings, with rural mangroves more limited by low N and P nutrients and high-nutrient urban mangroves more limited by freshwater inputs and salt stress. Leaf chemistry also helped identify other aspects of mangrove dynamics: especially leaf delta<sup>15</sup>N values helped identify groundwater N inputs, and a combination of strongly correlated variables (C, N, P, B, Cu, Mg, K, Ca) tracked the mangrove growth response to nutrient loading. Overall, the chemical marker approach is an efficient way to survey watershed forcing of mangrove forest dynamics.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Pacific Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"University of Hawai'i Press","publisherLocation":"Honolulu, HI","doi":"10.2984/65.2.219","usgsCitation":"Fry, B., and Cormier, N., 2011, Chemical ecology of red mangroves, Rhizophora mangle, in the Hawaiian Islands: Pacific Science, v. 65, no. 2, p. 219-234, https://doi.org/10.2984/65.2.219.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"219","endPage":"234","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474988,"rank":201,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2984/65.2.219","text":"External Repository"},{"id":203965,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":21849,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2984/65.2.219","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawai'i","volume":"65","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49dfe4b07f02db5e3c02","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fry, Brian","contributorId":60367,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fry","given":"Brian","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350797,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cormier, Nicole 0000-0003-2453-9900 cormiern@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2453-9900","contributorId":4262,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cormier","given":"Nicole","email":"cormiern@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":350796,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70004679,"text":"sir20115061 - 2011 - On-site evaluation of the suitability of a wetted instream habitat in the Middle Rio Grande, New Mexico, for the Rio Grande silvery minnow (Hybognathus amarus)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-07-23T10:06:19","indexId":"sir20115061","displayToPublicDate":"2011-06-20T10:50:02","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-5061","title":"On-site evaluation of the suitability of a wetted instream habitat in the Middle Rio Grande, New Mexico, for the Rio Grande silvery minnow (Hybognathus amarus)","docAbstract":"Two in-situ exposure studies were conducted with the federally-listed endangered Rio Grande silvery minnow (Hybognathus amarus). One-year-old adults were exposed in cages deployed at three sites in the Middle Rio Grande, N. Mex., for 4 days to assess survival and for 26 days to evaluate survival, growth, overall health, and whole-body elemental composition. The test sites were located on the Pueblo of Isleta in the (1) main channel of the Middle Rio Grande, (2) 240-Wasteway irrigation return drain, and (3) wetted instream habitat created below the outfall of the 240-Wasteway irrigation return drain. During the cage exposures, temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, conductivity, and turbidity were monitored continuously (15-minute intervals) and common constituents, nutrients, carbons, metals, and pesticides were measured at discrete intervals. In both studies, there were statistical differences in several water-quality parameters among sites; and except for turbidity, these differences were small and were not considered to be biologically significant. The cages used in the 4-day exposure study were ineffective at preventing access to the fish by predators, and survival was highly variable (20 percent to 90 percent) across sites. In the 26-day chronic exposure study, weight and condition factor of caged-exposed fish at all sites were significantly lower than those at test initiation. After 26 days of exposure, there were no significant differences in survival, total length, weight, or condition factor of fish across sites, but absolute weight loss and relative reduction in condition factor were significantly greater in fish at the wetted instream habitat site compared to those at the Middle Rio Grande site. There were no statistical differences in health assessment indices, mesenteric fat indices, or prevalence of abnormalities in cage-exposed fish among sites. Cage-exposed fish had higher health assessment indices and prevalence of fin anomalies and a lower mesenteric fat indices compared to pre-exposed fish. Prevalence of macrophage aggregates in the kidney, liver, and spleen of caged-exposed fish was similar across sites and also was similar to those in pre-exposed fish. Absolute and relative weight loss and relative reduced condition factors were inversely correlated with water depth in the cages, which were the lowest at the WIH site.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20115061","usgsCitation":"U.S. Geological Survey, 2011, On-site evaluation of the suitability of a wetted instream habitat in the Middle Rio Grande, New Mexico, for the Rio Grande silvery minnow (Hybognathus amarus): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5061, vi, 39 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20115061.","productDescription":"vi, 39 p.","startPage":"i","endPage":"39","numberOfPages":"45","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34983,"text":"Contaminant Biology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":21904,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5061/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":116093,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2011_5061.jpg"}],"scale":"1000000","projection":"Albers Equal-Area Conic projection","country":"United States","state":"New Mexico","otherGeospatial":"Pueblo Of Isleta","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -106.83333333333333,34.8 ], [ -106.83333333333333,35.1175 ], [ -106.5,35.1175 ], [ -106.5,34.8 ], [ -106.83333333333333,34.8 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4af3e4b07f02db69199d"}
,{"id":70199586,"text":"70199586 - 2011 - Relations of hydrogeologic factors, groundwater reduction-oxidation conditions, and temporal and spatial distributions of nitrate, Central-Eastside San Joaquin Valley, California, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-07T15:05:03.70691","indexId":"70199586","displayToPublicDate":"2011-06-17T22:09:06","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1923,"text":"Hydrogeology Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Relations of hydrogeologic factors, groundwater reduction-oxidation conditions, and temporal and spatial distributions of nitrate, Central-Eastside San Joaquin Valley, California, USA","docAbstract":"<p><span class=\"ScopusTermHighlight\">In</span><span>&nbsp;a 2,700-km&nbsp;</span><sup>2</sup><span>&nbsp;area&nbsp;</span><span class=\"ScopusTermHighlight\">in</span><span>&nbsp;the eastern San Joaquin Valley, California (USA), data from multiple sources were used to determine interrelations among hydrogeologic factors, reduction-oxidation (redox)&nbsp;</span><span class=\"ScopusTermHighlight\">conditions</span><span>, and temporal and spatial distributions of&nbsp;</span><span class=\"ScopusTermHighlight\">nitrate</span><span>&nbsp;(NO&nbsp;</span><sub>3</sub><span>), a widely detected&nbsp;</span><span class=\"ScopusTermHighlight\">groundwater</span><span>&nbsp;contaminant.&nbsp;</span><span class=\"ScopusTermHighlight\">Groundwater</span><span>&nbsp;is predominantly modern, or mixtures of modern water, with detectable NO&nbsp;</span><sub>3</sub><span>&nbsp;and oxic redox&nbsp;</span><span class=\"ScopusTermHighlight\">conditions</span><span>, but some zones have anoxic or mixed redox&nbsp;</span><span class=\"ScopusTermHighlight\">conditions</span><span>. Anoxic&nbsp;</span><span class=\"ScopusTermHighlight\">conditions</span><span>&nbsp;were associated with long residence times that occurred near the valley trough and&nbsp;</span><span class=\"ScopusTermHighlight\">in</span><span>&nbsp;areas of historical&nbsp;</span><span class=\"ScopusTermHighlight\">groundwater</span><span>&nbsp;discharge with shallow depth to water. Anoxic&nbsp;</span><span class=\"ScopusTermHighlight\">conditions</span><span>&nbsp;also were associated with interactions of shallow, modern&nbsp;</span><span class=\"ScopusTermHighlight\">groundwater</span><span>&nbsp;with soils. NO&nbsp;</span><sub>3</sub><span>&nbsp;concentrations were significantly lower&nbsp;</span><span class=\"ScopusTermHighlight\">in</span><span>&nbsp;anoxic than oxic or mixed redox&nbsp;</span><span class=\"ScopusTermHighlight\">groundwater</span><span>, primarily because residence times of anoxic waters exceed the duration of increased pumping and fertilizer use associated with modern agriculture. Effects of redox reactions on NO&nbsp;</span><sub>3</sub><span>&nbsp;concentrations were relatively minor. Dissolved N&nbsp;</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;gas data indicated that denitrification has eliminated gt;5 mg/L NO&nbsp;</span><sub>3</sub><span>-N&nbsp;</span><span class=\"ScopusTermHighlight\">in</span><span>&nbsp;about 10% of 39 wells. Increasing NO&nbsp;</span><sub>3</sub><span>&nbsp;concentrations over time were slightly less prevalent&nbsp;</span><span class=\"ScopusTermHighlight\">in</span><span>&nbsp;anoxic than oxic or mixed redox&nbsp;</span><span class=\"ScopusTermHighlight\">groundwater</span><span>. Spatial and temporal&nbsp;</span><span class=\"ScopusTermHighlight\">trends</span><span>&nbsp;of NO&nbsp;</span><sub>3</sub><span>&nbsp;are primarily controlled by water and NO&nbsp;</span><sub>3</sub><span>&nbsp;fluxes of modern land use.&nbsp;</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1007/s10040-011-0750-1","usgsCitation":"Landon, M.K., Green, C.T., Belitz, K., Singleton, M.J., and Esser, B.K., 2011, Relations of hydrogeologic factors, groundwater reduction-oxidation conditions, and temporal and spatial distributions of nitrate, Central-Eastside San Joaquin Valley, California, USA: Hydrogeology Journal, v. 19, p. 1203-1224, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-011-0750-1.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"1203","endPage":"1224","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":382517,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Joaquin Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -122.04711914062499,\n              37.90953361677018\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.86035156249999,\n              37.90953361677018\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.86035156249999,\n              38.004819966413194\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.04711914062499,\n              38.004819966413194\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.04711914062499,\n              37.90953361677018\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"19","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-06-17","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c10c615e4b034bf6a7f387e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Landon, Matthew K. 0000-0002-5766-0494 landon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5766-0494","contributorId":392,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Landon","given":"Matthew","email":"landon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":745909,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Green, Christopher T. 0000-0002-6480-8194 ctgreen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6480-8194","contributorId":1343,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Green","given":"Christopher","email":"ctgreen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":745911,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Belitz, Kenneth 0000-0003-4481-2345 kbelitz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4481-2345","contributorId":442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belitz","given":"Kenneth","email":"kbelitz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":745910,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Singleton, Michael J.","contributorId":44400,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Singleton","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":808839,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Esser, Bradley K.","contributorId":33161,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Esser","given":"Bradley","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":808840,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70004670,"text":"ofr20111131 - 2011 - A multitemporal (1979-2009) land-use/land-cover dataset of the binational Santa Cruz Watershed","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:59","indexId":"ofr20111131","displayToPublicDate":"2011-06-17T16:50:04","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-1131","title":"A multitemporal (1979-2009) land-use/land-cover dataset of the binational Santa Cruz Watershed","docAbstract":"Trends derived from multitemporal land-cover data can be used to make informed land management decisions and to help managers model future change scenarios. We developed a multitemporal land-use/land-cover dataset for the binational Santa Cruz watershed of southern Arizona, United States, and northern Sonora, Mexico by creating a series of land-cover maps at decadal intervals (1979, 1989, 1999, and 2009) using Landsat Multispectral Scanner and Thematic Mapper data and a classification and regression tree classifier. The classification model exploited phenological changes of different land-cover spectral signatures through the use of biseasonal imagery collected during the (dry) early summer and (wet) late summer following rains from the North American monsoon. Landsat images were corrected to remove atmospheric influences, and the data were converted from raw digital numbers to surface reflectance values. The 14-class land-cover classification scheme is based on the 2001 National Land Cover Database with a focus on \"Developed\" land-use classes and riverine \"Forest\" and \"Wetlands\" cover classes required for specific watershed models. The classification procedure included the creation of several image-derived and topographic variables, including digital elevation model derivatives, image variance, and multitemporal Kauth-Thomas transformations. The accuracy of the land-cover maps was assessed using a random-stratified sampling design, reference aerial photography, and digital imagery. This showed high accuracy results, with kappa values (the statistical measure of agreement between map and reference data) ranging from 0.80 to 0.85.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20111131","usgsCitation":"U.S. Geological Survey, 2011, A multitemporal (1979-2009) land-use/land-cover dataset of the binational Santa Cruz Watershed: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1131, iv, 25 p.; Appendix; Readme File; Metadata; ZIP Data, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111131.","productDescription":"iv, 25 p.; Appendix; Readme File; Metadata; ZIP Data","startPage":"i","endPage":"26","numberOfPages":"30","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116206,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2011_1131.gif"},{"id":21901,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1131/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States;Mexico","state":"Arizona","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -111.16666666666667,30.216666666666665 ], [ -111.16666666666667,32.166666666666664 ], [ -110,32.166666666666664 ], [ -110,30.216666666666665 ], [ -111.16666666666667,30.216666666666665 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b23e4b07f02db6ade0e"}
,{"id":70004669,"text":"sir20115082 - 2011 - Occurrence and distribution of pesticides in surface waters of the Hood River basin, Oregon, 1999-2009","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:40","indexId":"sir20115082","displayToPublicDate":"2011-06-17T16:50:04","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-5082","title":"Occurrence and distribution of pesticides in surface waters of the Hood River basin, Oregon, 1999-2009","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey analyzed pesticide and trace-element concentration data from the Hood River basin collected by the Oregon Department of Environmental Quality (ODEQ) from 1999 through 2009 to determine the distribution and concentrations of pesticides in the basin's surface waters. Instream concentrations were compared to (1) national and State water-quality standards established to protect aquatic organisms and (2) concentrations that cause sublethal or lethal effects in order to assess their potential to adversely affect the health of salmonids and their prey organisms. Three salmonid species native to the basin are listed as \"threatened\" under the U.S. Endangered Species Act: bull trout, steelhead, and Chinook salmon.\n\nA subset of 16 sites was sampled every year by the ODEQ for pesticides, with sample collection targeted to months of peak pesticide use in orchards (March-June and September). Ten pesticides and four pesticide degradation products were analyzed from 1999 through 2008; 100 were analyzed in 2009. Nineteen pesticides were detected: 11 insecticides, 6 herbicides, and 2 fungicides. Two of four insecticide degradation products were detected. All five detected organophosphate insecticides and the one detected organochlorine insecticide were present at concentrations exceeding water-quality standards, sublethal effects thresholds, or acute toxicity values in one or more samples. The frequency of organophosphate detection in the basin decreased during the period of record; however, changes in sampling schedule and laboratory reporting limits hindered clear analysis of detection frequency trends. Detected herbicide and fungicide concentrations were less than water-quality standards, sublethal effects thresholds, or acute toxicity values. Simazine, the most frequently detected pesticide, was the only herbicide detected at concentrations within an order of magnitude (factor of 10) of concentrations that impact salmonid olfaction. Some detected pesticides are of concern, not for their toxicity alone, but for their ability to potentiate the harmful impacts of other pesticides, particularly organophosphates, on salmonids or their prey. Many samples contained mixtures of pesticides, but the effects to salmonids of relevant mixtures at environmentally realistic concentrations for the basin are unknown. Trace-element concentration data, although limited, indicate that eight trace elements are also of concern for their potential to harm salmonid health. The dataset is limited with regard to the spatial and seasonal distribution of pesticides and trace elements in all salmonid-bearing streams, the presence of particle-bound pesticides, and the presence of several unmonitored pesticides known to be used in the basin.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20115082","usgsCitation":"Temple, W.B., and Johnson, H.M., 2011, Occurrence and distribution of pesticides in surface waters of the Hood River basin, Oregon, 1999-2009: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5082, viii, 54 p.; Appendices; HTML Document; PDF Download of Appendices A-J, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20115082.","productDescription":"viii, 54 p.; Appendices; HTML Document; PDF Download of Appendices A-J","startPage":"i","endPage":"84","numberOfPages":"92","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"1999-01-01","temporalEnd":"2009-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116207,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2011_5082.png"},{"id":21897,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5082/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"projection":"Lambert Conformal Conic projection","datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Hood River Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122,45.25 ], [ -122,45.75 ], [ -121.41666666666667,45.75 ], [ -121.41666666666667,45.25 ], [ -122,45.25 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a81e4b07f02db64a2ca","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Temple, Whitney B. wbtemple@usgs.gov","contributorId":4488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Temple","given":"Whitney","email":"wbtemple@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":351066,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, Henry M. 0000-0002-7571-4994","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7571-4994","contributorId":105291,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Henry","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351067,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70004651,"text":"70004651 - 2011 - Baseline ecological risk assessment of the Calcasieu Estuary, Louisiana: 3. An evaluation of the risks to benthic invertebrates associated with exposure to contaminated sediments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-21T08:07:17","indexId":"70004651","displayToPublicDate":"2011-06-17T13:50:03","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":887,"text":"Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Baseline ecological risk assessment of the Calcasieu Estuary, Louisiana: 3. An evaluation of the risks to benthic invertebrates associated with exposure to contaminated sediments","docAbstract":"The sediments in the Calcasieu Estuary are contaminated with a wide variety of chemicals of potential concern (COPCs), including heavy metals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, polychlorinated biphenyls, phthalates, chlorinated benzenes, and polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans. The sources of these COPCs include both point and non-point source discharges. As part of a baseline ecological risk assessment, the risks to benthic invertebrates posed by exposure to sediment-associated COPCs were assessed using five lines of evidence, including whole-sediment chemistry, pore-water chemistry, whole-sediment toxicity, pore-water toxicity, and benthic invertebrate community structure. The results of this assessment indicated that exposure to whole sediments and/or pore water from the Calcasieu Estuary generally posed low risks to benthic invertebrate communities (i.e., risks were classified as low for 68% of the sampling locations investigated). However, incremental risks to benthic invertebrates (i.e., compared with those associated with exposure to conditions in reference areas) were indicated for 32% of the sampling locations within the estuary. Of the three areas of concern (AOCs) investigated, the risks to benthic invertebrates were highest in the Bayou d'Inde AOC; risks were generally lower in the Upper Calcasieu River AOC and Middle Calcasieu River AOC. The areas showing the highest risks to sediment-dwelling organisms were generally located in the vicinity of point source discharges of COPCs. These results provided risk managers with the information required to make decisions regarding the need for remedial actions at the site.","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00244-010-9638-7","usgsCitation":"MacDonald, D., Ingersoll, C.G., Kemble, N.E., Smorong, D.E., Sinclair, J., Lindskoog, R., Gaston, G., Sanger, D., Carr, R.S., Biedenbach, J., Gouguet, R., Kern, J., Shortelle, A., Field, L.J., and Meyer, J., 2011, Baseline ecological risk assessment of the Calcasieu Estuary, Louisiana: 3. An evaluation of the risks to benthic invertebrates associated with exposure to contaminated sediments: Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 61, no. 1, p. 29-58, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00244-010-9638-7.","productDescription":"29 p.","startPage":"29","endPage":"58","numberOfPages":"29","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34983,"text":"Contaminant Biology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":203813,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","otherGeospatial":"Calcasieu 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,{"id":70156767,"text":"70156767 - 2011 - Entrainment of bed sediment by debris flows: results from large-scale experiments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-06-21T14:59:04","indexId":"70156767","displayToPublicDate":"2011-06-17T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Entrainment of bed sediment by debris flows: results from large-scale experiments","docAbstract":"<p><span>When debris flows grow by entraining sediment, they can become especially hazardous owing to increased volume, speed, and runout. To investigate the entrainment process, we conducted eight largescale experiments in the USGS debris-flow flume. In each experiment, we released a 6 m3 water-saturated debris flow across a 47-m long, ~12-cm thick bed of partially saturated sediment lining the 31&ordm; flume. Prior to release, we used low-intensity overhead sprinkling and real-time monitoring to control the bed-sediment wetness. As each debris flow descended the flume, we measured the evolution of flow thickness, basal total normal stress, basal pore-fluid pressure, and sediment scour depth. When debris flows traveled over relatively dry sediment, net scour was minimal, but when debris flows traveled over wetter sediment (volumetric water content &gt; 0.22), debris-flow volume grew rapidly and flow speed and runout were enhanced. Data from scour sensors showed that entrainment occurred by rapid (5-10 cm/s), progressive scour rather than by mass failure at depth. Overriding debris flows rapidly generated high basal pore-fluid pressures when they loaded and deformed bed sediment, and in wetter beds these pressures approached lithostatic levels. Reduction of intergranular friction within the bed sediment thereby enhanced scour efficiency, entrainment, and runout.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"largerWorkTitle":"Debris-flow hazards : mitigation, mechanics, prediction, and assessment : proceedings of 5th international conference : Padua, Italy, 14-17 June 2011","conferenceTitle":"5th International Conference on Debris-Flow Hazards \"Mitigation, Mechanics, Prediction and Assessment\"","conferenceDate":"June 14-17, 2011","conferenceLocation":"Padua, Italy","language":"English","publisher":"Università La Sapienza","doi":"10.4408/IJEGE.2011-03.B-042","usgsCitation":"Reid, M.E., Iverson, R.M., Logan, M., LaHusen, R.G., Godt, J.W., and Griswold, J.P., 2011, Entrainment of bed sediment by debris flows: results from large-scale experiments, <i>in</i> Debris-flow hazards : mitigation, mechanics, prediction, and assessment : proceedings of 5th international conference : Padua, Italy, 14-17 June 2011, Padua, Italy, June 14-17, 2011, 8 p., https://doi.org/10.4408/IJEGE.2011-03.B-042.","productDescription":"8 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":307641,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":307636,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.ijege.uniroma1.it/rivista/5th-international-conference-on-debris-flow-hazards-mitigation-mechanics-prediction-and-assessment/"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55e034b7e4b0f42e3d040dfe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reid, Mark E. 0000-0002-5595-1503 mreid@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5595-1503","contributorId":1167,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reid","given":"Mark","email":"mreid@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":570437,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Iverson, Richard M. 0000-0002-7369-3819 riverson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7369-3819","contributorId":536,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Iverson","given":"Richard","email":"riverson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":570438,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Logan, Matthew 0000-0002-3558-2405 mlogan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3558-2405","contributorId":638,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Logan","given":"Matthew","email":"mlogan@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":570439,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"LaHusen, Richard G.","contributorId":60205,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LaHusen","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":570440,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Godt, Jonathan W. 0000-0002-8737-2493 jgodt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8737-2493","contributorId":1166,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Godt","given":"Jonathan","email":"jgodt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":508,"text":"Office of the AD Hazards","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":570441,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Griswold, Julie P.","contributorId":147121,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Griswold","given":"Julie","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":570442,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70157567,"text":"70157567 - 2011 - Spatially explicit shallow landslide susceptibility mapping over large areas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-10-21T14:14:53.809574","indexId":"70157567","displayToPublicDate":"2011-06-17T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Spatially explicit shallow landslide susceptibility mapping over large areas","docAbstract":"<p><span>Recent advances in downscaling climate model precipitation predictions now yield spatially explicit patterns of rainfall that could be used to estimate shallow landslide susceptibility over large areas. In California, the United States Geological Survey is exploring community emergency response to the possible effects of a very large simulated storm event and to do so it has generated downscaled precipitation maps for the storm. To predict the corresponding pattern of shallow landslide susceptibility across the state, we have used the model Shalstab (a coupled steady state runoff and infinite slope stability model) which susceptibility spatially explicit estimates of relative potential instability. Such slope stability models that include the effects of subsurface runoff on potentially destabilizing pore pressure evolution require water routing and hence the definition of upslope drainage area to each potential cell. To calculate drainage area efficiently over a large area we developed a parallel framework to scale-up Shalstab and specifically introduce a new efficient parallel drainage area algorithm which produces seamless results. The single seamless shallow landslide susceptibility map for all of California was accomplished in a short run time, and indicates that much larger areas can be efficiently modelled. As landslide maps generally over predict the extent of instability for any given storm. Local empirical data on the fraction of predicted unstable cells that failed for observed rainfall intensity can be used to specify the likely extent of hazard for a given storm. This suggests that campaigns to collect local precipitation data and detailed shallow landslide location maps after major storms could be used to calibrate models and improve their use in hazard assessment for individual storms.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Debris-flow hazards : mitigation, mechanics, prediction, and assessment : proceedings of 5th international conference : Padua, Italy, 14-17 June 2011","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"5th International Conference on Debris-Flow Hazards \"Mitigation, Mechanics, Prediction and Assessment\"","conferenceDate":"June 14-17, 2011","conferenceLocation":"Padua, Italy","language":"English","publisher":"Università La Sapienza","usgsCitation":"Bellugi, D., Dietrich, W., Stock, J., McKean, J., Kazian, B., and Hargrove, P., 2011, Spatially explicit shallow landslide susceptibility mapping over large areas, <i>in</i> Debris-flow hazards : mitigation, mechanics, prediction, and assessment : proceedings of 5th international conference : Padua, Italy, 14-17 June 2011, Padua, Italy, June 14-17, 2011, 9 p.","productDescription":"9 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-031045","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":308666,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -119.5147705078125,\n              34.420504880133834\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.5147705078125,\n              34.63772760271713\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.10278320312499,\n              34.63772760271713\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.10278320312499,\n              34.420504880133834\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.5147705078125,\n              34.420504880133834\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"560a64ece4b058f706e536f2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bellugi, Dino","contributorId":148040,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bellugi","given":"Dino","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":573658,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dietrich, William E.","contributorId":115128,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dietrich","given":"William E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":573659,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stock, Jonathan D.","contributorId":94167,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stock","given":"Jonathan D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":573660,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McKean, Jim","contributorId":17941,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKean","given":"Jim","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":573661,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kazian, Brian","contributorId":120251,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kazian","given":"Brian","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":573662,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hargrove, Paul","contributorId":148041,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hargrove","given":"Paul","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":573663,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70156814,"text":"70156814 - 2011 - Hydrologic conditions and terrestrial laser scanning of post-fire debris flows in the San Gabriel Mountains, CA, U.S.A.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-08T17:14:20.971545","indexId":"70156814","displayToPublicDate":"2011-06-17T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Hydrologic conditions and terrestrial laser scanning of post-fire debris flows in the San Gabriel Mountains, CA, U.S.A.","docAbstract":"<p><span>To investigate rainfall-runoff conditions that generate post-wildfire debris flows, we instrumented and surveyed steep, small watersheds along the tectonically active front of the San Gabriel Mountains, California. Fortuitously, we recorded runoff-generated debris-flows triggered by one spatially restricted convective event with 28 mm of rainfall falling over 62 minutes. Our rain gages, nested hillslope overland-flow sensors and soil-moisture probes, as well as a time series of terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) revealed the effects of the storm. Hillslope overland-flow response, along two ~10-m long flow lines perpendicular to and originating from a drainage divide, displayed only a 10 to 20 minute delay from the onset of rainfall with accumulated totals of merely 5-10 mm. Depth-stratified soil-moisture probes displayed a greater time delay, roughly 20- 30 minutes, indicating that initial overland flow was Hortonian. Furthermore, a downstream channel-monitoring array recorded a pronounced discharge peak generated by the passage of a debris flow after 18 minutes of rainfall. At this time, only four of the eleven hillslope overlandflow sensors confirmed the presence of surface-water flow. Repeat TLS and detailed field mapping using GPS document how patterns of rainsplash, overland-flow scour, and rilling contributed to the generation of meter-scale debris flows. In response to a single small storm, the debris flows deposited irregular levees and lobate terminal snouts on hillslopes and caused widespread erosion of the valley axis with ground surface lowering exceeding 1.5 m.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Debris-flow hazards: Mitigation, mechanics, prediction, and assessment: Proceedings of 5th international conference: Padua, Italy, 14-17 June 2011","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"5th International Conference on Debris-Flow Hazards: Mitigation, Mechanics, Prediction and Assessment","conferenceDate":"June 14-17, 2011","conferenceLocation":"Padua, Italy","language":"English","publisher":"Università La Sapienza","usgsCitation":"Schmidt, K.M., Hanshaw, M.N., Howle, J.F., Kean, J.W., Staley, D.M., Stock, J., and Bawden, G.W., 2011, Hydrologic conditions and terrestrial laser scanning of post-fire debris flows in the San Gabriel Mountains, CA, U.S.A., <i>in</i> Debris-flow hazards: Mitigation, mechanics, prediction, and assessment: Proceedings of 5th international conference: Padua, Italy, 14-17 June 2011, Padua, Italy, June 14-17, 2011, 11 p.","productDescription":"11 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":307687,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Gabriel Mountains","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -117.41294849142349,\n              34.17134863412667\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.38533697577557,\n              34.20370576214499\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.44976384562082,\n              34.27028427873003\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.46126864380744,\n              34.323509168688005\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.54180223111402,\n              34.37100288463023\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.74428667919865,\n              34.45073173493678\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.93986824837137,\n              34.4621153654533\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.97208168329401,\n              34.511426493466885\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.09403254407232,\n              34.528488936462225\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.14925557536819,\n              34.486774573614554\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.2435949204986,\n              34.50573823590351\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.30111891143193,\n              34.47729112517355\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.42306977221028,\n              34.42795981878015\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.48979760169273,\n              34.37290207362\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.48979760169273,\n              34.33110997098939\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.3540409830903,\n              34.289297039240125\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.1952747681149,\n              34.20370576214499\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.09863446334703,\n              34.17325233818043\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.98588744111811,\n              34.14088353007017\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.72357804246263,\n              34.11802749074337\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.67985980935366,\n              34.138979096174396\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.57171470639916,\n              34.14469226909128\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.41294849142349,\n              34.17134863412667\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55e18634e4b05561fa206ac3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schmidt, Kevin M. 0000-0003-2365-8035 kschmidt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2365-8035","contributorId":1985,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmidt","given":"Kevin","email":"kschmidt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":570653,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hanshaw, M. N. 0000-0001-9305-307X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9305-307X","contributorId":56462,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanshaw","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":570654,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Howle, James F. 0000-0003-0491-6203 jfhowle@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0491-6203","contributorId":2225,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Howle","given":"James","email":"jfhowle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":570655,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kean, Jason W. 0000-0003-3089-0369 jwkean@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3089-0369","contributorId":1654,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kean","given":"Jason","email":"jwkean@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":570656,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Staley, Dennis M. 0000-0002-2239-3402 dstaley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2239-3402","contributorId":4134,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Staley","given":"Dennis","email":"dstaley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":570657,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Stock, Jonathan D.","contributorId":94167,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stock","given":"Jonathan D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":570658,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Bawden, Gerald W. gbawden@usgs.gov","contributorId":1071,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bawden","given":"Gerald","email":"gbawden@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":570659,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70004656,"text":"sir20115070 - 2011 - Effects of experimental passive artificial recharge of treated surface water on water quality in the Equus Beds Aquifer, 2009-2010","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:40","indexId":"sir20115070","displayToPublicDate":"2011-06-16T16:50:03","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-5070","title":"Effects of experimental passive artificial recharge of treated surface water on water quality in the Equus Beds Aquifer, 2009-2010","docAbstract":"Declining water levels and concerns about the migration of a known saltwater plume upgradient from public supply wells prompted the City of Wichita to investigate the feasibility of using artificial recharge to replenish the water supply in the Equus Beds aquifer. After preliminary testing, the City of Wichita began Phase I of the Equus Beds Aquifer Storage and Recovery Project in 2006. In 2009, the City of Wichita installed an experimental passive gravity recharge well and trench system to increase artificial recharge at Recharge Basin 1, one of the six Phase ? recharge sites.\nThe U.S. Geological Survey collected water samples from 13 sites and maintained 8 continuous monitors to test the recharge capacity of the experimental passive recharge system, the effect of the recharge on geochemistry of the aquifer, and the fate of bacteria and viruses present in the recharge water. About 576,000 gallons of treated surface water from the Little Arkansas River were recharged through the passive recharge well and trench system into the Equus Beds aquifer during April 2009. In May 2009, U.S. Geological Survey tests detected that bacterial and viral indicators (total coliform, fecal coliform, Escherichia coli, coliphage virus, and Clostridium perfringens) were entering the Recharge Basin 1 wells through the recharge system and recharge was discontinued. The City of Wichita disconnected the trench collection system from the passive gravity recharge well in July 2009, and in July and August 2009 withdrew 1,825,000 gallons of water from the aquifer at Recharge Basin 1 to remove the recharged water and avoid contamination of the aquifer.\nThe original recharge rate in Recharge Basin 1 was about 10.8 gallons per day per square foot. After installation of the passive recharge system, recharge water entered the aquifer through the passive well at a rate of about 19.2 gallons per day per square foot, a per unit area increase of about 78 percent.\nDuring artificial recharge, continuous monitors recorded rising water-level altitudes in the passive gravity recharge well and nearby monitoring wells as water flowed at about 10 feet per day from the passive recharge well toward nearby downgradient monitoring wells. The increase in water level in this area would have the effect of temporarily slowing the eastward migration of saltwater from the nearby Burrton plume.\nBacterial and viral indicators were detected in water samples from Recharge Basin 1 sites before and immediately after the installation of the passive gravity recharge well and trench system, during artificial recharge, and after artificial recharge. After water withdrawal in August 2009 and through the end of data collection in March 2010, detections of bacterial and viral indicators in groundwater decreased to densities similar to those before installation of the passive recharge system.\nConcentrations of chloride in samples collected from the trench, passive gravity recharge well, and nearby monitoring wells increased from an average of 34 milligrams per liter before artificial recharge to an average of 64 milligrams per liter during artificial recharge, reflecting the addition of recharge water with measured chloride concentrations of 62 to 94 milligrams per liter. When water was being pumped out of the aquifer through the passive gravity recharge well, chloride concentrations increased to 94 milligrams per liter in the removed water and increased to 150 milligrams per liter in the deep monitoring well nearest the passive gravity recharge well, indicating that, as water was being pumped from the passive well, water with a large chloride concentration from elsewhere in the aquifer was flowing toward the passive well. Chloride concentrations did not exceed the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Secondary Drinking Water Regulation of 250 milligrams per liter in any Recharge Basin 1 samples collected as part of the study.\nIron concentrations exceeded the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","doi":"10.3133/sir20115070","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the City of Wichita, Kansas as part of the Equus Beds Groundwater Recharge Project","usgsCitation":"Garinger, L.P., King, A.S., and Ziegler, A., 2011, Effects of experimental passive artificial recharge of treated surface water on water quality in the Equus Beds Aquifer, 2009-2010: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5070, ix, 106  p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20115070.","productDescription":"ix, 106  p.","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2008-10-01","temporalEnd":"2010-09-30","costCenters":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116091,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2011_5070.jpg"},{"id":21890,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5070/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"100000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -98,37.666666666666664 ], [ -98,38.36666666666667 ], [ -97.3,38.36666666666667 ], [ -97.3,37.666666666666664 ], [ -98,37.666666666666664 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2ee4b07f02db61596b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Garinger, Linda Pickett","contributorId":92406,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garinger","given":"Linda","email":"","middleInitial":"Pickett","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351001,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"King, Aaron S.","contributorId":25277,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"King","given":"Aaron","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351000,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ziegler, Andrew C. aziegler@usgs.gov","contributorId":433,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ziegler","given":"Andrew C.","email":"aziegler@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":350999,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70004652,"text":"sir20115044 - 2011 - Assessment of groundwater/surface-water interaction and simulation of potential streamflow depletion induced by groundwater withdrawal, Uinta River near Roosevelt, Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-19T16:25:46","indexId":"sir20115044","displayToPublicDate":"2011-06-16T13:50:02","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-5044","title":"Assessment of groundwater/surface-water interaction and simulation of potential streamflow depletion induced by groundwater withdrawal, Uinta River near Roosevelt, Utah","docAbstract":"<p>Roosevelt City, Utah, asserts a need for an additional supply of water to meet municipal demands and has identified a potential location for additional groundwater development at the Sprouse well field near the West Channel of the Uinta River. Groundwater is commonly hydraulically linked to surface water and, under some conditions, the pumpage of groundwater can deplete water in streams and other water bodies. In 2008, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with Roosevelt City, the Utah Department of Natural Resources, and the Ute Indian Tribe, began a study to improve understanding of the local interconnection between groundwater and surface water and to assess the potential for streamflow depletion from future groundwater withdrawals at a potential Roosevelt City development location—the Sprouse well field near the West Channel of the Uinta River.</p><p>In the study, streamflow gains and losses at the river/aquifer boundary near the well field and changes in those conditions over time were assessed through (1) synoptic measurement of discharge in the stream at multiple sites using tracer-dilution methods, (2) periodic measurement of the vertical hydraulic gradient across the streambed, and (3) continuous measurement of stream and streambed water temperature using heat as a tracer of flow across the streambed. Although some contradictions among the results of the three assessment methods were observed, results of the approaches generally indicated (1) losing streamflow conditions on the West Channel of the Uinta River north of and upstream from the Sprouse well field within the study area, (2) gaining streamflow conditions south of and downstream from the well field, and (3) some seasonal changes in those conditions that correspond with seasonal changes in stream stage and local water-table altitudes.</p><p>A numerical groundwater flow model was developed on the basis of previously reported observations and observations made during this study, and was used to estimate potential streamflow depletion that might result from future groundwater withdrawals at the Sprouse well field. The model incorporates concepts of transient groundwater flow conditions including fluctuations in groundwater levels and storage, and the distribution of and temporal variations in gains to and losses from streamflow in the West Channel of the Uinta River near the Sprouse well field. Two predictive model simulations incorporated additional future discharge from the Sprouse well field totaling 325 acre-feet annually and biennially during summer months. Results of the predictive model simulations indicate that the water withdrawn by the additional pumping was derived initially from aquifer storage and then, with time, predominantly from streamflow depletion. By the 10th year of the predictive simulation incorporating annual summer pumping from an additional public-supply well in the Sprouse well field, the simulation results indicate that 89 percent of a future annual 325 acre-feet of discharge is derived from depletion of streamflow in the West Channel of the Uinta River. A similar result was observed in a predictive model simulating the same discharge rate but with the new well being pumped every other year.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20115044","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Roosevelt City, the Utah Department of Natural Resources, and the Ute Indian Tribe","usgsCitation":"Lambert, P., Marston, T., Kimball, B.A., and Stolp, B., 2011, Assessment of groundwater/surface-water interaction and simulation of potential streamflow depletion induced by groundwater withdrawal, Uinta River near Roosevelt, Utah: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5044, vi, 48 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20115044.","productDescription":"vi, 48 p.","numberOfPages":"58","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116225,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2011_5044.jpg"},{"id":21886,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5044/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","otherGeospatial":"Uinta River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -110.643310546875,\n              39.7240885773337\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.643310546875,\n              40.91351257612758\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.193115234375,\n              40.91351257612758\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.193115234375,\n              39.7240885773337\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.643310546875,\n              39.7240885773337\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abae4b07f02db671fca","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lambert, P. M.","contributorId":74380,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lambert","given":"P. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350986,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Marston, T.","contributorId":98446,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marston","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350988,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kimball, B. A.","contributorId":87583,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kimball","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350987,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stolp, Bernard J. 0000-0003-3803-1497","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3803-1497","contributorId":71942,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stolp","given":"Bernard J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350985,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70043973,"text":"70043973 - 2011 - Pacific lamprey artificial propogation and rearing investigations: Rocky Reach Lamprey Management Plan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-29T13:07:36","indexId":"70043973","displayToPublicDate":"2011-06-15T14:30:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"seriesNumber":"36958","title":"Pacific lamprey artificial propogation and rearing investigations: Rocky Reach Lamprey Management Plan","docAbstract":"<p>The impetus for developing this document is through implementing the Rocky Reach Pacific Lamprey Management Plan (PLMP), a component of the Rocky Reach Comprehensive Settlement Agreement, both of which are discussed more thoroughly in Section 1.2. The ultimate goal of the PLMP is to achieve No Net Impact (NNI) to Pacific lamprey of ongoing operations of the Rocky Reach Hydroelectric Project. Conducting artificial propagation of Pacific lamprey was considered by the state and federal fishery agencies and Tribes that are parties to the Settlement Agreement as a potential Protection, Mitigation, and Enhancement measure (PME) for achieving NNI during the term of the current Rocky Reach license. This document is intended to provide guidance as to the feas ibility of culturing Pacific lamprey, the associated facilities necessary for culture practices, and identifying uncertainties for monitoring culture efficacy and rationale for implementing Pacific lamprey artificial propagation</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Chelan County PUD, Rocky Reach Hydroelectric Project","usgsCitation":"Chelan County PUD, Rocky Reach Fish Forum, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, United States Geological Survey, and GeoEngineers, 2011, Pacific lamprey artificial propogation and rearing investigations: Rocky Reach Lamprey Management Plan, 148 p.","productDescription":"148 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"148","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-030247","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":324623,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":324621,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://clio.chelanpud.org/documents/36958.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","county":"Chelan County, Douglas County, Grant County, Kittitas County, Okanogan County","otherGeospatial":"Lake Chelan Watershed, Methow Watershed, Upper Columbia-Entiat Watershed, Wenatchee Watershed","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -121.55273437499999,\n              46.924007100770275\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.55273437499999,\n              48.94415123418794\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.11376953125,\n              48.94415123418794\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.11376953125,\n              46.924007100770275\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.55273437499999,\n              46.924007100770275\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","publicComments":"Rocky Reach Hydroelectric Project FERC Project No. 2145","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5774f2a9e4b07dd077c6a7f6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chelan County PUD","contributorId":172566,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Chelan County PUD","id":641279,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rocky Reach Fish Forum","contributorId":172567,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Rocky Reach Fish Forum","id":641280,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","contributorId":128143,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","id":641281,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"United States Geological Survey","contributorId":128013,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"United States Geological Survey","id":641282,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"GeoEngineers","contributorId":172568,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"GeoEngineers","id":641283,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70004636,"text":"ds598 - 2011 - Groundwater quality of the Gulf Coast aquifer system, Houston, Texas, 2010","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-11T15:30:40","indexId":"ds598","displayToPublicDate":"2011-06-15T13:50:03","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"598","title":"Groundwater quality of the Gulf Coast aquifer system, Houston, Texas, 2010","docAbstract":"<p>During March&ndash;December 2010, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the city of Houston, collected source-water samples from 60 municipal supply wells in the Houston area. These data were collected as part of an ongoing study to determine concentrations, spatial extent, and associated geochemical conditions that might be conducive for mobility and transport of selected naturally occurring contaminants (selected trace elements and radionuclides) in the Gulf Coast aquifer system in the Houston area. In the summers of 2007 and 2008, a reconnaissance-level survey of these constituents in untreated water from 28 municipal supply wells was completed in the Houston area. Included in this report are the complete analytical results for 47 of the 60 samples collected in 2010&mdash;those results which were received from the laboratories and reviewed by the authors as of December 31, 2010. All of the wells sampled were screened in the Gulf Coast aquifer system; 22 were screened entirely in the Evangeline aquifer, and the remaining 25 wells contained screened intervals that intersected both Evangeline and Chicot aquifers. The data documented in this report were collected as part of an ongoing study to characterize source-water-quality conditions in untreated groundwater prior to drinking-water treatment. An evaluation of contaminant occurrence in source water provides background information regarding the presence of a contaminant in the environment. Because source-water samples were collected prior to any treatment or blending that potentially could alter contaminant concentrations, the water-quality results documented by this report represent the quality of the source water, not the quality of finished drinking water provided to the public.</p>\n<p>Samples were analyzed for major ions (calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium, bromide, chloride, fluoride, silica, and sulfate), residue on evaporation (dissolved solids), trace elements (arsenic, barium, boron, chromium, iron, lithium, manganese, molybdenum, selenium, strontium, and vanadium), and selected radionuclides (gross alpha- and beta-particle activity [at 72 hours and 30 days], carbon-14, radium-226, radon-222, and uranium). Field measurements were made of selected physicochemical (relating to both physical and chemical) properties (oxidation-reduction potential, turbidity, dissolved-oxygen concentration, pH, specific conductance, water temperature, and alkalinity) and unfiltered sulfides.</p>\n<p>Similar to the results from the reconnaissance survey, physicochemical properties, major ions, and trace elements varied considerably. The ranges of selected physicochemical properties were as follows: oxidation-reduction potential ranged from -173 to 466 millivolts, dissolved oxygen ranged from less than 0.1 to 4.4 milligrams per liter, pH ranged from 7.2 to 7.8, specific conductance ranged from 439 to 724 microsiemens per centimeter at 25 degrees Celsius, and alkalinity ranged from 159 to 276 milligrams per liter as calcium carbonate. The largest ranges in concentration for filtered major ion constituents were obtained for cations sodium and calcium and for anions chloride and sulfate. Arsenic concentrations measured in samples from the 47 wells ranged from 1.6 to 23.5 micrograms per liter. The maximum concentration of arsenic (23.5 micrograms per liter) was measured in the source-water sample from well LJ-65-12-328.</p>\n<p>Quantifiable concentrations of barium, boron, lithium, molybdenum, and strontium were measured in all 47 filtered, source-water samples. Quantifiable concentrations of manganese were measured in 46 source-water samples, and an estimated concentration of manganese was measured in 1 sample. Chromium, iron, selenium, and vanadium were detected in 24 or more of the 47 source-water samples.</p>\n<p>Gross alpha-particle activities and beta-particle activities for all 47 samples were analyzed at 72 hours after sample collection and again at 30 days after sample collection, allowing for the measurement of the activity of short-lived isotopes. Gross alpha-particle activities reported in this report were not adjusted for activity contributions by radon or uranium and, therefore, are conservatively high estimates if compared to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency National Primary Drinking Water Regulation for adjusted gross alpha-particle activity. The gross alpha-particle activities at 30 days in the samples ranged from R0.60 to 25.5 picocuries per liter and at 72 hours ranged from 2.58 to 39.7 picocuries per liter, and the \"R\" preceding the value of 0.60 picocuries per liter refers to a nondetected result less than the sample-specific critical level. Gross beta-particle activities measured at 30 days ranged from 1.17 to 14.4 picocuries per liter and at 72 hours ranged from 1.97 to 4.4 picocuries per liter. Filtered uranium was detected in quantifiable amounts in all of the 47 wells sampled. The uranium concentrations ranged from 0.03 to 42.7 micrograms per liter. One sample was analyzed for carbon-14, and the amount of modern atmospheric carbon was reported as 0.2 percent. Six source-water samples collected from municipal supply wells were analyzed for radium-226, and all of the concentrations were considered detectable concentrations (greater than their associated sample-specific critical level). Three source-water samples collected were analyzed for radon-222, and all of the concentrations were substantially greater than the associated sample-specific critical level.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds598","usgsCitation":"Oden, J.H., Brown, D.W., and Oden, T., 2011, Groundwater quality of the Gulf Coast aquifer system, Houston, Texas, 2010: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 598, iv, 18 p.; Tables, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds598.","productDescription":"iv, 18 p.; Tables","startPage":"i","endPage":"64","numberOfPages":"68","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116134,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds_598.gif"},{"id":21880,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/598/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"2000000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator projection","datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","state":"Texas","city":"Houston","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -95.66666666666667,29.583333333333332 ], [ -95.66666666666667,30.133333333333333 ], [ -95.16666666666667,30.133333333333333 ], [ -95.16666666666667,29.583333333333332 ], [ -95.66666666666667,29.583333333333332 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a94e4b07f02db658f88","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Oden, Jeannette H. 0000-0002-6473-1553 jhoden@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6473-1553","contributorId":1152,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oden","given":"Jeannette","email":"jhoden@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":350910,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brown, Dexter W. dwbrown@usgs.gov","contributorId":3062,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"Dexter","email":"dwbrown@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":350912,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Oden, Timothy D. toden@usgs.gov","contributorId":1284,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oden","given":"Timothy D.","email":"toden@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":350911,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70173651,"text":"70173651 - 2011 - Shrimp trawlers as a local attractor of seabirds in nearshore waters of South Carolina, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-07T15:16:16","indexId":"70173651","displayToPublicDate":"2011-06-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2660,"text":"Marine Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Shrimp trawlers as a local attractor of seabirds in nearshore waters of South Carolina, USA","docAbstract":"<p><span>Shrimp trawling is common throughout the southeastern and Gulf of Mexico coasts of the USA and is the primary contributor to fisheries discards in these regions. Tens of thousands of nearshore seabirds nest near shrimp trawling grounds in the USA, but to date, there has been no assessment of the relationship between seabirds and shrimp trawlers. We examined the taxonomic composition of bycatch, rate at which seabirds scavenged bycatch, and energy density of discarded bycatch in a nearshore commercial shrimp fishery. Bycatch was primarily comprised of demersal fish that are not typically accessible to the plunge-diving and surface-feeding seabirds that occur in the area. Hence, seabird diets in the region appear to be broadened taxonomically by the availability of discards. Results from discard experiments indicated that 70% of the nearly 5,500 items discarded by hand were scavenged by seabirds and that the fate of a discarded item was most strongly predicted by its taxonomic order. Laughing gulls scavenged the greatest proportion of discards, although brown pelicans were the only species to scavenge more discards than predicted based upon their abundance. Because this is the first such study in the region, it is difficult to ascertain the extent or intensity of the impact that discards have on nearshore seabirds. Nonetheless, our results suggest that it will be difficult for managers to clearly understand fluctuations in local seabird population dynamics without first understanding the extent to which these species rely upon discards. This may be especially problematic in situations where seabird populations are recovering following natural or anthropogenic stressors.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/s00227-011-1733-4","usgsCitation":"Jodice, P.G., Wickliffe, L.C., and Sachs, E.B., 2011, Shrimp trawlers as a local attractor of seabirds in nearshore waters of South Carolina, USA: Marine Biology, v. 158, p. 2289-2298, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-011-1733-4.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"2289","endPage":"2298","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-013184","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":323197,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"South Carolina","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -79.19769287109375,\n              33.169743600216165\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.1180419921875,\n              33.09614359735857\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.5849609375,\n              32.900344287496445\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.73052978515625,\n              32.844981178306114\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.62615966796875,\n              32.983324091837474\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.310302734375,\n              33.16284622181141\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.2169189453125,\n              33.18123802491263\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.19769287109375,\n              33.169743600216165\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -79.7552490234375,\n              32.8334428466495\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.69757080078124,\n              32.81959486923976\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.68109130859375,\n              32.7572522610541\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.81292724609375,\n              32.535236240827224\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.10543823242188,\n              32.6093028087336\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.95437622070312,\n              32.7872745269555\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.78271484375,\n              32.84382741262935\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.7552490234375,\n              32.8334428466495\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"158","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-06-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5757f064e4b04f417c24dd19","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jodice, Patrick G.R. 0000-0001-8716-120X pjodice@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8716-120X","contributorId":1119,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jodice","given":"Patrick","email":"pjodice@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.R.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":637592,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wickliffe, Lisa C.","contributorId":171480,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wickliffe","given":"Lisa","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":637593,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sachs, Elena B.","contributorId":171481,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sachs","given":"Elena","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":637594,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70045766,"text":"tm1A1 - 2011 - Groundwater technical procedures of the U.S. Geological Survey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-04-30T16:25:26.472178","indexId":"tm1A1","displayToPublicDate":"2011-06-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":335,"text":"Techniques and Methods","code":"TM","onlineIssn":"2328-7055","printIssn":"2328-7047","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1-A1","title":"Groundwater technical procedures of the U.S. Geological Survey","docAbstract":"A series of groundwater technical procedures documents (GWPDs) has been released by the U.S. Geological Survey, Water-Resources Discipline, for general use by the public. These technical procedures were written in response to the need for standardized technical procedures of many aspects of groundwater science, including site and measuring-point establishment, measurement of water levels, and measurement of well discharge. The techniques are described in the GWPDs in concise language and are accompanied by necessary figures and tables derived from cited manuals, reports, and other documents. Because a goal of this series of procedures is to remain current with the state of the science, and because procedures change over time, this report is released in an online format only. As new procedures are developed and released, they will be linked to this document.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Section A: Groundwater Technical Procedures of the U.S. Geological Survey in Book 1 <i>Collection of Water Data by Direct Measurement</i>","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/tm1A1","collaboration":"This report is Chapter 1 of Section A: Groundwater Technical Procedures of the U.S. Geological Survey in Book 1 <i>Collection of Water Data by Direct Measurement</i>","usgsCitation":"Cunningham, W.L., and Schalk, C.W., 2011, Groundwater technical procedures of the U.S. Geological Survey: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques and Methods 1-A1, vi, 154 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/tm1A1.","productDescription":"vi, 154 p.","numberOfPages":"162","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":494,"text":"Office of Groundwater","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":503702,"rank":18,"type":{"id":2,"text":"Additional Report Piece"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/1a1/pdf/GWPD15.pdf","text":"GWPD 15—Obtaining permission to install, maintain, or use a well on private property","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":503704,"rank":20,"type":{"id":2,"text":"Additional Report Piece"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/1a1/pdf/GWPD17.pdf","text":"GWPD 17—Conducting an instantaneous change in head (slug) test with a mechanical slug and submersible pressure transducer","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":503703,"rank":19,"type":{"id":2,"text":"Additional Report Piece"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/1a1/pdf/GWPD16.pdf","text":"GWPD 16—Measuring water levels in wells and piezometers by use of a submersible pressure transducer","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":503701,"rank":17,"type":{"id":2,"text":"Additional Report Piece"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/1a1/pdf/GWPD14.pdf","text":"GWPD 14—Measuring continuous water levels by use of a float-activated recorder","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":503700,"rank":16,"type":{"id":2,"text":"Additional Report Piece"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/1a1/pdf/GWPD13.pdf","text":"GWPD 13—Measuring water levels by use of an air line","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":503699,"rank":15,"type":{"id":2,"text":"Additional Report Piece"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/1a1/pdf/GWPD12.pdf","text":"GWPD 12—Measuring water levels in a flowing well","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":503698,"rank":14,"type":{"id":2,"text":"Additional Report Piece"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/1a1/pdf/GWPD11.pdf","text":"GWPD 11—Measuring well depth by use of a graduated steel tape","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":503697,"rank":13,"type":{"id":2,"text":"Additional Report Piece"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/1a1/pdf/GWPD10.pdf","text":"GWPD 10—Estimating discharge from a pumped well by use of a circular orifice weir","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":503696,"rank":12,"type":{"id":2,"text":"Additional Report Piece"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/1a1/pdf/GWPD9.pdf","text":"GWPD 9—Recording minimum and maximum water levels","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":503691,"rank":8,"type":{"id":2,"text":"Additional Report Piece"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/1a1/pdf/GWPD5.pdf","text":"GWPD 5—Documenting the location of a well","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":503690,"rank":7,"type":{"id":2,"text":"Additional Report Piece"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/1a1/pdf/GWPD4.pdf","text":"GWPD 4—Measuring water levels by use of an electric tape","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":503689,"rank":6,"type":{"id":2,"text":"Additional Report Piece"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/1a1/pdf/GWPD3.pdf","text":"GWPD 3—Establishing a permanent measuring point and other reference marks","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":503688,"rank":5,"type":{"id":2,"text":"Additional Report Piece"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/1a1/pdf/GWPD2.pdf","text":"GWPD 2—Identifying a minimum set of data elements to establish a groundwater site","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":503695,"rank":11,"type":{"id":2,"text":"Additional Report Piece"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/1a1/pdf/GWPD8.pdf","text":"GWPD 8—Estimating discharge from a pumped well by use of the trajectory free-fall or jet-flow method","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":503693,"rank":10,"type":{"id":2,"text":"Additional Report Piece"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/1a1/pdf/GWPD7.pdf","text":"GWPD 7—Estimating discharge from a naturally flowing well","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":503692,"rank":9,"type":{"id":2,"text":"Additional Report Piece"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/1a1/pdf/GWPD6.pdf","text":"GWPD 6—Recognizing and removing debris from a well","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":503686,"rank":4,"type":{"id":2,"text":"Additional Report Piece"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/1a1/pdf/GWPD1.pdf","text":"GWPD 1—Measuring water levels by use of a graduated steel tape","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":271791,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/1a1/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":271792,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/1a1/pdf/tm1-a1.pdf","text":"Entire report","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":271793,"rank":3,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/tm1a1.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5184dc62e4b04d6ec94d62ab","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cunningham, William L. wcunning@usgs.gov","contributorId":1198,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cunningham","given":"William","email":"wcunning@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":478319,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schalk, Charles W. cwschalk@usgs.gov","contributorId":1726,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schalk","given":"Charles","email":"cwschalk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":371,"text":"Maine Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":478320,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70043421,"text":"70043421 - 2011 - Temperature and oxygen in Missouri reservoirs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-01T15:23:40","indexId":"70043421","displayToPublicDate":"2011-06-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2592,"text":"Lake and Reservoir Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Temperature and oxygen in Missouri reservoirs","docAbstract":"Vertical profiles of water temperature (n = 7193) and dissolved oxygen (n = 6516) were collected from 235 Missouri reservoirs during 1989–2007; most data were collected during May–August and provide a regional summary of summer conditions. Collectively, surface water temperature ranged from a mean of ~22 C in May to 28 C in July, and individual summer maxima typically were 28–32 C. Most (~95%) reservoirs stably stratify by mid-May, but few are deep enough to have hypolimnia with near-uniform temperatures. Among stratified reservoirs, maximum effective length and maximum depth accounted for 75% of the variation in mixed depth and thermocline depth. Ephemeral, near-surface thermoclines occurred in 39% of summer profiles and were most frequent in small, turbid reservoirs. Isotherms below the mixed layer deepen during stratification, and the water column is >20 C by August in all but the deepest reservoirs. Most reservoirs showed incipient dissolved oxygen (DO) depletion by mid-May, and by August, 80% of profiles had DO minima of <1 mg/L. Surface area and chlorophyll (Chl) explained 37% of variation in the earliest date of anoxia, and Chl explained >50% of variation in DO below the mixed layer during summer. Warm summer temperatures and widespread low DO often limit available fish habitat in Missouri reservoirs and compress warm-water fish communities into subsurface layers that exceed their thermal preferences. This study provides a regional baseline of reservoir temperature and oxygen conditions useful for future evaluations of eutrophication and the effects of a warming climate.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Lake and Reservoir Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","publisherLocation":"London, UK","doi":"10.1080/07438141.2011.583713","usgsCitation":"Jones, J., Knowlton, M.F., Obrecht, D.V., and Graham, J.L., 2011, Temperature and oxygen in Missouri reservoirs: Lake and Reservoir Management, v. 27, no. 2, p. 173-182, https://doi.org/10.1080/07438141.2011.583713.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"173","endPage":"182","numberOfPages":"10","ipdsId":"IP-014524","costCenters":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":268644,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":268640,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07438141.2011.583713"}],"country":"United States","state":"Missouri","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -95.7747,35.9957 ], [ -95.7747,40.6136 ], [ -89.0995,40.6136 ], [ -89.0995,35.9957 ], [ -95.7747,35.9957 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"27","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5131dc12e4b0140546f53c3e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jones, John R.","contributorId":48459,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jones","given":"John R.","affiliations":[{"id":6754,"text":"University of Missouri","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":473557,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Knowlton, Matthew F.","contributorId":83810,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knowlton","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473559,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Obrecht, Daniel V.","contributorId":65352,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Obrecht","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473558,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Graham, Jennifer L. 0000-0002-6420-9335 jlgraham@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6420-9335","contributorId":1769,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graham","given":"Jennifer","email":"jlgraham@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":473556,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70043631,"text":"70043631 - 2011 - Project Planning for Cougar Dam during 2010","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-29T12:05:44","indexId":"70043631","displayToPublicDate":"2011-06-14T13:15:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"title":"Project Planning for Cougar Dam during 2010","docAbstract":"<p>Cougar Dam is a 158 m-tall, rock fill dam located about 63 km east of Springfield, Oregon. Completed in 1963, the dam is owned and operated by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE). It impounds Cougar Reservoir, which is 9.7 km long, has a surface area of 518 ha, and is predominately used for flood control. The pool elevation typically ranges from a maximum conservation pool of 515 m (1,690 ft) National Geodetic Vertical Datum (NGVD) in summer to a minimum flood control elevation of 467 m (1,532 ft NGVD) in winter. The reservoir thermally stratifies in the summer, has an average depth of 37 m, and holds 153,500 acre-feet when full. Cougar Dam is located on the South Fork of the McKenzie River 7 km upstream from the mainstem McKenzie River, a tributary of the Willamette River. The McKenzie River Basin basin supports the largest remaining population of wild spawning spring Chinook salmon in the Willamette River Basin (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; NOAA, 2008). Cougar Dam and others were collectively deemed to cause jeopardy to the sustainability of anadromous fish stocks in the Willamette River Basin (NOAA, 2008). Prior to dam construction, as many as 805 redds were observed in the South Fork of the McKenzie River (Willis and others, 1960) and it is estimated that 40 km of spawning habitat were lost when access was blocked after dam construction. The 2008 Willamette Biological Opinion (BIOP) requires improvements to operations and structures to reduce impacts on Upper Willamette River (UWR) Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) and UWR steelhead (O. mykiss; NOAA, 2008). In 2010, an adult fish collection facility was completed below Cougar Dam to collect returning adult salmon for transport to spawning habitats above the dam. Before that time, returning adult spring Chinook salmon were transported to upstream spawning areas as part of a trap-and-haul program with adults passed ranging annually from 0 to 1,038 (Taylor, 2000). The progeny of adult fish that are allowed to spawn above Cougar Dam move downstream into Cougar Reservoir in the spring. Under the BIOP, the USACE is required to provide downstream fish passage or operational alternatives at Cougar Dam by 2014. Currently, there is little information about the seasonal timing of reservoir entry of juvenile Chinook salmon and what habitats they and other fishes use in the reservoir. However, rotary screw traps placed in the outlet channel below the dam indicate peak juvenile passage coinciding with seasonally low pool elevation in mid December and late January. It is unknown whether juveniles upstream of Cougar Dam can be captured in large enough numbers for tagging and subsequent survival studies to proceed. These studies are needed to examine the feasibility of installing downstream fish passage structures at Cougar Dam to meet BIOP requirements. Therefore, the USACE contracted with the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) to test the efficacy of using a mid-water trawl and lampara seine to capture fish in Cougar Reservoir on three consecutive days in the fall of 2010. These collection methods could potentially provide fish for feasibility and subsequent survival studies and as verification of fish targets in future active hydroacoustic surveys.</p>","publisher":"U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","publisherLocation":"Portland, OR","usgsCitation":"Haskell, C.A., and Tiffan, K.F., 2011, Project Planning for Cougar Dam during 2010, 11 p.","productDescription":"11 p.","numberOfPages":"11","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-027693","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":324612,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Cougar Dam","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -122.2464394569397,\n              44.129553925224954\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.24654674530028,\n              44.126442717235136\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.23665475845337,\n              44.12631949770353\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.23663330078124,\n              44.13007757778364\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.24107503890993,\n              44.130262395225316\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.2463321685791,\n              44.130262395225316\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.2464394569397,\n              44.129553925224954\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5774f2b6e4b07dd077c6a904","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Haskell, Craig A. 0000-0002-3604-1758 chaskell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3604-1758","contributorId":3458,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haskell","given":"Craig","email":"chaskell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":625585,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tiffan, Kenneth F. 0000-0002-5831-2846 ktiffan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5831-2846","contributorId":3200,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tiffan","given":"Kenneth","email":"ktiffan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":625586,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70004620,"text":"sir20115017 - 2011 - Arsenic, metals, and nutrients in runoff from two detention basins to Raccoon Creek, New Jersey Coastal Plain, 2008","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:41","indexId":"sir20115017","displayToPublicDate":"2011-06-14T10:50:03","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-5017","title":"Arsenic, metals, and nutrients in runoff from two detention basins to Raccoon Creek, New Jersey Coastal Plain, 2008","docAbstract":"Arsenic (As) concentrations in the waters of Raccoon Creek in southern New Jersey commonly exceed the State\\'s Surface Water Quality Standard (SWQS) for freshwater of 0.017 microgram per liter (mu or ug/L). In order to assess contributions of As from residential runoff to the creek, samples of runoff water were collected from a detention basin in each of two residential developments underlain by different geologic formations and at the outlets of those basins. Samples of streamwater also were collected from Raccoon Creek adjacent to the developments. The samples were analyzed to determine concentrations of As, selected metals, organic carbon, and nutrients. Soil samples in and downgradient from the basins also were collected and analyzed.\n\nConcentrations of As in unfiltered water samples of runoff from the basin underlain by glauconitic clays generally were higher (up to 4.35 mu or ug/L) than in runoff from the basin underlain by predominantly quartz sands and silts (up to 2.68 mu or ug/L). Chromium (Cr) concentrations also were higher in runoff from the basin underlain by glauconitic clays than in runoff from the basin underlain by quartz sand and silt. In addition, Cr concentrations were higher in the glauconitic soils than in the quartz-rich soils.\n\nMetals such as aluminum (Al), iron (Fe), lead (Pb), and manganese (Mn) in the runoff and in the streamwater were mostly in particulate form. Arsenic, most metals, and phosphorus (P) however, were mostly in dissolved form in runoff but in particulate form in the streamwater. Total organic carbon concentrations in the runoff ranged from about 10 to nearly 16 milligrams per liter (mg/L). Given such levels of organic carbon and strong correlations between concentrations of some metals and organic carbon, it may be that many of the metals were complexed with dissolved organic carbon and transported in that form in the runoff.\n\nAlthough underlying geologic materials and soils appear to be major contributors of As to the streamwater, As also could have been contributed from lead arsenate pesticide residues. The residential development underlain by quartz-rich sediments formerly had been an orchard where such pesticides may have been used. The substantial inputs of As to runoff at this site may be attributable to this former land use, although Pb concentrations were about the same in runoff from both sites. The streamwater at both sites, however, contained Pb concentrations well above those in runoff, indicating that there are additional inputs of Pb, perhaps from roadside soils, upstream from the two sampling sites in this study.\n\nPositive relations between concentrations of As and some metals with dissolved organic carbon in runoff and streamwater indicate that complexation with organic carbon may provide a mechanism by which these constituents can be transported. Sorption of As, Pb, and P to Fe hydroxides may be indicated by the observed positive relation of particulate As, Pb, and P to particulate Fe, however, representing an additional mechanism for transport of these constituents.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20115017","usgsCitation":"Barringer, J., Szabo, Z., Bonin, J., and McGee, C.K., 2011, Arsenic, metals, and nutrients in runoff from two detention basins to Raccoon Creek, New Jersey Coastal Plain, 2008: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5017, vi, 21 p.; Appendices, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20115017.","productDescription":"vi, 21 p.; Appendices","startPage":"i","endPage":"28","numberOfPages":"32","temporalStart":"2008-05-01","temporalEnd":"2008-09-30","costCenters":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116618,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2011_5017.jpg"},{"id":21872,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5017/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"24000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator projection","country":"United States","state":"New Jersey","county":"Gloucester","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -75.41666666666667,39.666666666666664 ], [ -75.41666666666667,39.833333333333336 ], [ -75.13333333333334,39.833333333333336 ], [ -75.13333333333334,39.666666666666664 ], [ -75.41666666666667,39.666666666666664 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abbe4b07f02db672c3a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barringer, Julia L.","contributorId":59419,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barringer","given":"Julia L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350872,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Szabo, Zoltan 0000-0002-0760-9607 zszabo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0760-9607","contributorId":2240,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Szabo","given":"Zoltan","email":"zszabo@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":350869,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bonin, Jennifer L. 0000-0002-7631-9734","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7631-9734","contributorId":59404,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bonin","given":"Jennifer L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350871,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McGee, Craig K.","contributorId":56772,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGee","given":"Craig","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350870,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70189126,"text":"70189126 - 2011 - A geospatial approach to identify water quality issues for National Wildlife Refuges in Oregon and Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-11T12:19:02","indexId":"70189126","displayToPublicDate":"2011-06-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2287,"text":"Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A geospatial approach to identify water quality issues for National Wildlife Refuges in Oregon and Washington","docAbstract":"<p><span>Many National Wildlife Refuges (Refuges) have impaired water quality resulting from historic and current land uses, upstream sources, and aerial pollutant deposition. Competing duties limit the time available for Refuge staff to identify and evaluate potential water quality issues. As a result, water quality–related issues may not be resolved until a problem has already arisen. This study developed a geospatial approach for identifying and prioritizing water quality issues affecting natural resources (including migratory birds and federally listed species) within Refuge boundaries. We assessed the location and status of streams pursuant to the Clean Water Act in relation to individual Refuges in Oregon and Washington, United States. Although twelve Refuges in Oregon (60%) and eight Refuges in Washington (40%) were assessed under the Clean Water Act, only 12% and 3% of total Refuge stream lengths were assessed, respectively. Very few assessed Refuge streams were not designated as impaired (0% in Oregon, 1% in Washington). Despite the low proportions of stream lengths assessed, most Refuges in Oregon (70%) and Washington (65%) are located in watersheds with approved total maximum daily loads. We developed summaries of current water quality issues for individual Refuges and identified large gaps for Refuge-specific water quality data and habitat utilization by sensitive species. We conclude that monitoring is warranted on many Refuges to better characterize water quality under the Clean Water Act.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","doi":"10.3996/112010-JFWM-043","usgsCitation":"Hinck, J.E., Chojnacki, K., Finger, S.E., Linder, G., and Kilbride, K., 2011, A geospatial approach to identify water quality issues for National Wildlife Refuges in Oregon and Washington: Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management, v. 2, no. 1, p. 12-21, https://doi.org/10.3996/112010-JFWM-043.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"12","endPage":"21","numberOfPages":"10","ipdsId":"IP-023088","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34983,"text":"Contaminant Biology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474990,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3996/112010-jfwm-043","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":343229,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon, 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,{"id":70004615,"text":"ofr20111128 - 2011 - Simulation of groundwater flow in a volatile organic compound-contaminated area near Bethpage, Nassau County, New York: A discussion of modeling considerations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-05T22:43:28.232201","indexId":"ofr20111128","displayToPublicDate":"2011-06-13T10:50:04","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-1128","title":"Simulation of groundwater flow in a volatile organic compound-contaminated area near Bethpage, Nassau County, New York: A discussion of modeling considerations","docAbstract":"The 2010 Bethpage groundwater-flow model (ARCADIS, 2010) was based on a steady state assumption. Although it is widely acknowledged that significant water-level changes have occurred in the past, the reviewed model does not represent changing water levels. The steady state approach limits the effectiveness of the following:\n\n1. identification of sources of contamination,\n\n2. analysis of model accuracy,\n\n3. model calibration, and\n\n4. simulations of future scenarios.\n\nFuture plume movement was simulated in an incomplete manner through an unchanging groundwater-flow field. Available time-series information on temporal variation of factors affecting groundwater-flow dynamics includes:\n\n1. public-supply pumping,\n\n2. groundwater discharges from systems remediating volatile organic compound (VOC) plumes,\n\n3. recharge and precipitation rates, and\n\n4. water levels and streamflows.\n\nTransient phenomena that might be useful in future hypothetical simulations include pumping variations, redirection of containment-system waters for industrial use, and climate-change scenarios. Public-domain computer programs, U.S. Geological Survey guidance reports on transient-state calibration and uncertainty methods (Doherty and Hunt, 2010), and additional local and regional datasets are available to provide additional confidence in model evaluations and allow better evaluation of their limitations.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20111128","usgsCitation":"Misut, P.E., 2011, Simulation of groundwater flow in a volatile organic compound-contaminated area near Bethpage, Nassau County, New York: A discussion of modeling considerations: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1128, vi, 19 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111128.","productDescription":"vi, 19 p.","numberOfPages":"23","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":410083,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_95236.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":21868,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1128/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":116203,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2011_1128.gif"}],"scale":"24000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator projection","country":"United States","state":"New York","county":"Nassau County","city":"Bethpage","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -73.5308,\n              40.6769\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.5308,\n              40.7728\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.42,\n              40.7728\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.42,\n              40.6769\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.5308,\n              40.6769\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abce4b07f02db67380d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Misut, Paul E. 0000-0002-6502-5255 pemisut@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6502-5255","contributorId":1073,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Misut","given":"Paul","email":"pemisut@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":350864,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70004606,"text":"sir20115057 - 2011 - Sedimentation survey of Lago Cerrillos, Ponce, Puerto Rico, April-May 2008","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:41","indexId":"sir20115057","displayToPublicDate":"2011-06-13T10:50:04","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-5057","title":"Sedimentation survey of Lago Cerrillos, Ponce, Puerto Rico, April-May 2008","docAbstract":"Lago Cerrillos dam, located in the municipality of Ponce in southern Puerto Rico, was constructed in 1991 as part of the multipurpose Rio Portugues and Bucana Project. This project provides flood protection, water supply, and recreation facilities for the municipio of Ponce. The reservoir had an original storage capacity of 38.03 million cubic meters at maximum conservation pool elevation of 174.65 meters above mean sea level and a drainage area of 45.32 square kilometers. Sedimentation in Lago Cerrillos reservoir has reduced the storage capacity from 38.03 million cubic meters in 1991 to 37.26 million cubic meters in 2008, which represents a total storage loss of about 2 percent. During July 29 to August 23, 2002, 8,492 cubic meters of sediment were removed from the Rio Cerrillos mouth of the reservoir. Taking into account this removed material, the total water-storage loss as of 2008 is 778,492 cubic meters, and the long-term annual water-storage capacity loss rate is about 45,794 cubic meters per year or about 0.12 percent per year. The Lago Cerrillos net sediment-contributing drainage area has an average sediment yield of about 1,069 cubic meters per square kilometer per year. Sediment accumulation in Lago Cerrillos is not uniformly distributed and averages about 3 meters in thickness. This represents a sediment deposition rate of about 18 centimeters per year. On the basis of the 2008 reservoir storage capacity of 37.26 million cubic meters per year and a long-term sedimentation rate of 45,794 cubic meters per year, Lago Cerrillos is estimated to have a useful life of about 814 years or until the year 2822.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20115057","usgsCitation":"Soler-Lopez, L.R., 2011, Sedimentation survey of Lago Cerrillos, Ponce, Puerto Rico, April-May 2008: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5057, vi, 20 p.; 1 Plate: 17.00 x 22.00 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20115057.","productDescription":"vi, 20 p.; 1 Plate: 17.00 x 22.00 inches","temporalStart":"2008-04-01","temporalEnd":"2008-05-31","costCenters":[{"id":156,"text":"Caribbean Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116202,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2011_5057.jpg"},{"id":19154,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5057/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"projection":"Lambert Conic Conformal projection","datum":"Puerto Rico Datum, 1940 adjustment","country":"Puerto Rico","otherGeospatial":"Lago Cerrillos","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -66.6,18.066944444444445 ], [ -66.6,18.116666666666667 ], [ -66.56666666666666,18.116666666666667 ], [ -66.56666666666666,18.066944444444445 ], [ -66.6,18.066944444444445 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b00e4b07f02db6982b1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Soler-Lopez, Luis R.","contributorId":27501,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Soler-Lopez","given":"Luis","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350838,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70179134,"text":"70179134 - 2011 - Synthesis of the effects to fish species of two management scenarios for the secretarial determination on removal of the lower four dams on the Klamath River","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-10-27T15:21:04.364108","indexId":"70179134","displayToPublicDate":"2011-06-13T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"title":"Synthesis of the effects to fish species of two management scenarios for the secretarial determination on removal of the lower four dams on the Klamath River","docAbstract":"<p>For decades the long-standing conflict in the Klamath River Basin over water and fish resources has persisted. In an effort to resolve these disputes, PacifiCorp and interested parties negotiated, wrote, and signed the Klamath Hydroelectric Settlement Agreement (KHSA) in 2010, calling for the potential removal of the four lower dams on the Klamath River mainstem. The KHSA established a process known as the Secretarial Determination, which includes 1) conducting new scientific studies and a re-evaluation of existing studies found in the FERC record and from other sources, and 2) evaluating the potential environmental and human effects of such an action pursuant to National Environmental Policy Act, California Environmental Quality Act, and other applicable laws.&nbsp;&nbsp;In March 2012, the Secretary of the Interior will decide whether removal of these dams on the Klamath River: 1) will advance salmonid fisheries, and 2) is in the public interest. In this report, we summarize anticipated effects to fish resources under two management scenarios: 1) current conditions with dams in place and without the programs and actions in the Klamath Basin Restoration Agreement (KBRA), and 2) removal of the lower four dams plus programs and actions called for in the KBRA and KHSA. This information will aid the Secretary of the Interior in determining whether dam removal and implementation of KBRA will advance restoration of salmonid (salmon and trout) fisheries. </p>","language":"English","publisher":"Biological Subgroup for the Secretarial Determination Regarding Potential Removal of the Lower Four Dams on the Klamath River","usgsCitation":"Hamilton, J., Rondorf, D.W., Hampton, M., Quiñones, R., Simondet, J., and Smith, T., 2011, Synthesis of the effects to fish species of two management scenarios for the secretarial determination on removal of the lower four dams on the Klamath River, 175 p.","productDescription":"175 p.","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":332272,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":332271,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index 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