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No abstract available.

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During the fiscal year 1934-35, although directly appropriated funds for the support of the Survey's regular activities have been at a low ebb (see details in later pages), these have been augmented by substantial allocations for closely related work made by the Public Works Administration.

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Oahu, one of the islands of the Hawaiian group, lies in the Mid-Pacific 2,100 miles southwest of San Francisco. The principal city is Honolulu. The Koolau Range makes up the eastern part of the island, and the Waianae Range the western part. Both are extinct basaltic volcanoes deeply dissected by erosion. The Koolau Volcano was the later to become extinct.
The Waianae Range is made up of three groups of lavas erupted in Tertiary and possibly in early Pleistocene time. The exposed part of the older lava is nearly 2,000 feet thick and consists largely of thin-bedded pahoehoe. It is separated in most places from the middle lavas by an angular unconformity and talus breccia and in a few places by an erosional unconformity. The middle basalts are about 2,000 feet thick and closely resemble the lower ones except that they contain more aa. The upper lavas reach a thickness of about 2,300 feet and are mostly massive aa flows. The last eruptions produced large cinder cones and some nephelite basalts. The Waianae Volcano, like other Hawaiian volcanoes, produced only small amounts of ash, and the lavas were largely extruded from fissures a few feet wide, now occupied by dikes. The center of activity was near Kolekole Pass, at the head of Lualualei Valley.
The Koolau Volcano is made up of two groups of lavas extruded in Tertiary and early Pleistocene (?) time. The older group, the Kailua volcanic series, is greatly altered by hydrothermal action and was extruded from fissures near Lanikai. The flows of the younger group, the Koolau volcanic series, were extruded from fissures about a mile south of the Kailua rift and have an exposed thickness of about 3,000 feet. The Koolau Volcano produced even less ash than the Waianae Volcano, and its flows are thin-bedded pahoehoe and aa. The eruptive center of the Koolau Volcano lies between Kaneohe and Waimanalo.
Great amounts of both the Waianae and Koolau Ranges were removed by fluvial and marine erosion during the Pleistocene. The master streams are characterized by deep amphitheater-headed valleys. After this erosion cycle the island was submerged more than 1,200 feet, and these great valleys were drowned and alluviated. Besides this submergence, several strand lines, preserved up to 100 feet above present sea level occur, which may be due to world-wide changes in sea level in response to the withdrawal and restoration of water concurrent with the advances and recessions of the polar ice caps and to accompanying changes in the ocean floor. During this time of shifting ocean levels spasmodic eruptions occurred on the southeast end of the Koolau Range, producing numerous lava flows and tuff cones, most of which are nephelite basalt.
The last of these eruptions occurred in Recent time. A description of the climate, rates of run-off, and results of experiments to determine evaporation and transpiration in the areas of high rainfall are given. It was found that the consumptive use decreases materially and becomes a very small percentage of the rainfall in the areas of high precipitation.
The lava rocks of the island are very permeable and, because of a rainfall reaching a maximum of 300 inches a year, carry large amounts of ground water, confined and unconfined, basal and perched. The basal ground water floats on salt water because of its lower specific gravity. Consequently for each foot the water table stands above sea level, salt water lies about 42 feet below sea level, in accordance with the sea along the coast as basal ground water. In most places the lava rocks along the shore are overlain by an impermeable or nearly impermeable caprock consisting of submerged lateritic soils and marine noncalcareous sediments. These deposits retard the escape of basal ground water into the sea and give rise to artesian water, but unlike most other artesian systems, this one has no lower restraining formation.
The artesian water is the principal source of domestic, municipal, and irrigation supplies. The average annual quantity pumped for the period 1928 to 1933 amounted to about 105,000,000,000 gallons, nearly 90 percent of which came from Koolau hasalt and the remainder from Waianae basalt.
There are ten artesian areas in the Koolau Range and two in the Waianae Range. Hydraulic gradients in these basins were found to range from 1.2 to 3 feet to the mile. Because of these extremely flat gradients and the high permeability of the aquifers it is possible to reverse the hydraulic gradients by draft and make the water flow from one artesian area to another.
The artesian water levels fluctuate in response to seasonal variations in draft and recharge and in a lesser way to tidal, barometric, and seismic pressures.
The water, as shown by chemical analysis, is of excellent quality except where it is contaminated with sea water. Methods have been devised for freshening wells that have gone salty, for detecting leaks, for sealing leaky and defective wells, and for recharging the artesian basins.
Owing to the danger of the wells becoming brackish with increased draft, it is believed that further large developments will be more successful if shafts are sunk to sea level in the basalt as far inland as practicable, and tunnels are driven from the bottom of the shafts near the top of the saturated zone. Favorable places for such development exist in Honolulu.
In addition to the basal water in the volcanic rocks, water is found in the recent gravel, beach, and dune deposits, and the emerged reef limestone. This water has been recovered by wells and tunnels, and there are favorable localities for developing additional water of this type.
The island contains two types of basal springs—those like the Pearl Harbor Springs, which issue from basalt and are supplied by overflow and leakage from the artesian basin, and those which issue from the coastal-plain sediments and are mainly return irrigation water. The total quantity of basal ground water issuing as springs is estimated to be 100,000,000 gallons a day.
Ground water occurs at high levels, confined by dikes and perched on tuff, alluvium, and soil beds. These structures give rise to innumerable high-level springs. In the Koolau Range 60 tunnels yield about 33,000,000 gallons daily, of which about 95 percent is obtained from tunnels penetrating the dike complex of the Koolau volcanic series, about 2 percent from tunnels entering post-Koolau ash or tuff deposits, and the remainder from tunnels whose geologic relations are not certainly known. The average daily yield of the tunnels that recover dike water is 2,330 gallons a foot, but the average daily yield of the tunnels in post-Koolau tuff is 450 gallons a foot, and that of the tunnels in alluvium or soil is only 23 gallons a foot.
Owing largely to the much lower rainfall on the Waianac Range, its 35 tunnels (not including two new tunnels under construction) yield only about 2,400,000 gallons daily, about 94 percent of which is believed to be obtained from dike systems. The average daily yield of the tunnels in this range that are supplied by dike systems is 581 gallons a foot, as compared to 5 gallons a foot from tunnels in ash or tuff.
An extensive tunnel system is proposed to develop a large supply of high-level water for Honolulu from the dike complex of the Koolau series, and high-level water can be recovered by tunnels at many other places.
The average daily discharge of all high-level springs in the Koolau Range is about 58,000,000 gallons, of which about 94 percent comes from the Koolau dike complex and about 6 percent from post-Koolau volcanic rocks. The average daily discharge of all high-level springs in the Waianae Range is about 500,000 gallons of which about 81 percent issues from the dike complex.

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Rocks of rhyolitic type in eastern Idaho and adjacent parts of Wyoming were observed by the Teton Division of the Hayden Surveys under Orestes St. John (Report of the geological field work of the Teton Division, U.S. Geol. and Geog. Surv. Terr., 11th Ann. Rep., pp. 498–504, 1879), who described them as trachytes. He noted their relations to different types of underlying sedimentary rocks and their tendency to conform with the preexisting topography, but considered them all as flows. ©1935. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved.

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\"}}]}","volume":"16","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-08-18","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mansfield, G. R.","contributorId":81064,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mansfield","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":775355,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ross, C.S.","contributorId":220633,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ross","given":"C.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":775356,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70206795,"text":"70206795 - 1935 - Pre‐Cambrian and Paleozoic vulcanism of interior Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-11-21T15:24:58","indexId":"70206795","displayToPublicDate":"1935-08-31T15:21:28","publicationYear":"1935","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1578,"text":"Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union","onlineIssn":"2324-9250","printIssn":"0096-394","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Pre‐Cambrian and Paleozoic vulcanism of interior Alaska","docAbstract":"

The history of vulcanism in Alaska is a topic of great universal interest, but one which has had no adequate treatment. For some years the writer has been accumulating comparative data on this subject, and it is hoped that this information may some time be sufficiently amplified and coordinated to justify a general description of the sequential igneous history of Alaska. The scope of such an undertaking, however, can well be appreciated from the statement that Alaska is nearly a fifth the size of the United States, and that geologic studies have shown that igneous rocks have originated in Alaska in every geologic period, excepting perhaps the Cambrian and the Silurian. Therefore, in the present paper, it has seemed best to present only a part of this interesting record, and perhaps in subsequent papers to expand the areal and geologic limits of discussion. ©1935. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved.

","language":"English ","publisher":"American Geophysical Union ","doi":"10.1029/TR016i001p00292","issn":"00028606","usgsCitation":"Mertie, J., 1935, Pre‐Cambrian and Paleozoic vulcanism of interior Alaska: Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, v. 16, no. 1, p. 292-302, https://doi.org/10.1029/TR016i001p00292.","productDescription":"11 p. ","startPage":"292","endPage":"302","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":369417,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"16","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-08-18","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mertie, J.B. Jr.","contributorId":29383,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mertie","given":"J.B.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":775764,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70220031,"text":"70220031 - 1935 - The igneous rocks of the Highwood Mountains of central Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-16T19:13:56.503074","indexId":"70220031","displayToPublicDate":"1935-08-31T14:08:55","publicationYear":"1935","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1578,"text":"Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union","onlineIssn":"2324-9250","printIssn":"0096-394","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The igneous rocks of the Highwood Mountains of central Montana","docAbstract":"

The study of the Highwood Mountains was undertaken by a group of men from Harvard University under a grant from the Shaler Memorial Fund of the Department of Geology. The work was under the general direction of Larsen, who, with the assistance of Norman A. Haskell, mapped most of the volcanic rocks. Hurlbut and Griggs worked mostly on the laccoliths, Burgess on the stocks, and Buie on the dikes. The party spent two summers in the field. The laboratory work is far from complete. We cooperated closely in all the work.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/TR016i001p00288","usgsCitation":"Larsen, E.S., Hurlbut, C., Burgess, C., Griggs, D.T., and Buie, B.F., 1935, The igneous rocks of the Highwood Mountains of central Montana: Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, v. 16, no. 1, p. 288-292, https://doi.org/10.1029/TR016i001p00288.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"288","endPage":"292","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":490071,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/tr016i001p00288","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":385177,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","otherGeospatial":"Highwood Mountains","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -110.73394775390625,\n 47.34812813983327\n ],\n [\n -110.37551879882812,\n 47.34812813983327\n ],\n [\n -110.37551879882812,\n 47.541309583656854\n ],\n [\n -110.73394775390625,\n 47.541309583656854\n ],\n [\n -110.73394775390625,\n 47.34812813983327\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"16","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-08-18","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Larsen, Esper S. Jr.","contributorId":39029,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larsen","given":"Esper","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":814444,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hurlbut, C.S.","contributorId":257513,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hurlbut","given":"C.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":814445,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Burgess, C.H.","contributorId":257514,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Burgess","given":"C.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":814446,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Griggs, D. T.","contributorId":88805,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Griggs","given":"D.","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":814447,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Buie, Bennett Frank","contributorId":56095,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buie","given":"Bennett","email":"","middleInitial":"Frank","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":814448,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70241315,"text":"70241315 - 1935 - The pre-Cambrian igneous rocks of eastern Pennsylvania and Maryland","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-16T16:17:17.511783","indexId":"70241315","displayToPublicDate":"1935-08-01T11:12:16","publicationYear":"1935","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":13522,"text":"Transactions, American Geophysical Union","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The pre-Cambrian igneous rocks of eastern Pennsylvania and Maryland","docAbstract":"

The Blue Ridge and Piedmont geomorphic provinces, topographically distinct but geologically a unit, extend southwestward across eastern Pennsylvania and central Maryland, in a belt with an average width in these States of some 50 miles. In these provinces are exposed the crystalline formations of the Atlantic belt. Gneisses (with sporadic interbedded graphitic schist and marble), quartz-schist, crystalline limestone, and scnlsts, constitute the pre-Cambrian sedimentary series which has been folded, overturned, and overthrust with faulting, to the northwest.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/TR016i001p00328","usgsCitation":"Bascom, F., 1935, The pre-Cambrian igneous rocks of eastern Pennsylvania and Maryland: Transactions, American Geophysical Union, v. 16, no. 1, p. 328-350, https://doi.org/10.1029/TR016i001p00328.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"328","endPage":"350","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":414288,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maryland, Pennsylvania","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -77.13061563955371,\n 39.171238776502236\n ],\n [\n -75.06024892714818,\n 41.213543500003\n ],\n [\n -76.16912330192815,\n 41.56106197840771\n ],\n [\n -77.89559859430706,\n 39.59434987834371\n ],\n [\n -77.13061563955371,\n 39.16579763068066\n ],\n [\n -77.13061563955371,\n 39.171238776502236\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"16","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-08-18","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bascom, Florence","contributorId":107668,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bascom","given":"Florence","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":866674,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70221657,"text":"70221657 - 1935 - Shore benches on the island of Oahu, Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-06-27T15:15:08.035899","indexId":"70221657","displayToPublicDate":"1935-08-01T10:10:25","publicationYear":"1935","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Shore benches on the island of Oahu, Hawaii","docAbstract":"

The Island of Oahu is third in size in the Hawaiian group and lies in the mid-Pacific about 2,100 miles southwest of San Francisco. Honolulu, the capital and principal port of this group, is on Oahu. Two dissected volcanic domes, the Waianae Range (4,035 feet high) and the Koolau Range (3,105 feet high) make up the island. They are surrounded by a nearly continuous coastal plain, in places reaching nearly 6 miles in width and consisting of emerged Pleistocene reef limestone and terrigenous deposits. A living coral reef fringes all of the island except the east and west ends.

","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/GSAB-46-1467","usgsCitation":"Stearns, H.T., 1935, Shore benches on the island of Oahu, Hawaii: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 46, no. 10, p. 1467-1482, https://doi.org/10.1130/GSAB-46-1467.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"1467","endPage":"1482","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":386780,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Oahu","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -158.3184814453125,\n 21.18185076626611\n ],\n [\n -157.576904296875,\n 21.18185076626611\n ],\n [\n -157.576904296875,\n 21.825807350355362\n ],\n [\n -158.3184814453125,\n 21.825807350355362\n ],\n [\n -158.3184814453125,\n 21.18185076626611\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"46","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stearns, Harold T.","contributorId":65831,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stearns","given":"Harold","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":818360,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70221656,"text":"70221656 - 1935 - Further tests of permeability with low hydraulic gradients","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-06-27T15:08:10.582045","indexId":"70221656","displayToPublicDate":"1935-08-01T10:04:26","publicationYear":"1935","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1578,"text":"Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union","onlineIssn":"2324-9250","printIssn":"0096-394","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Further tests of permeability with low hydraulic gradients","docAbstract":"

Many of the water‐bearing formations in the United States have hydraulic gradients of much less than 20 feet to the mile, and some may have gradients of less than one foot to the mile, whereas most laboratory‐tests of permeability are made with much higher gradients. An investigation was therefore undertaken by the writer, under the direction of 0. E. Meinzer, in the Hydrologic Laboratory of the United States Geological Survey, to determine whether Darcy's law is valid for very low hydraulic gradients—that is, whether under such low gradients the rate of flow remains proportional to the gradient. In a previous paper by Meinzer and the writer (Amer. Geophysical Union,15th annual meeting, pp.405–409, 1934), it was shown that for the sand tested the rate of flow varies directly with the hydraulic gradient down to a gradient of about one foot to the mile. More recently six additional tests have been made on this sand with the same apparatus, and these tests give evidence of the validity of Darcy's law for still lower gradients.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/TR016i002p00499","usgsCitation":"Fishel, V., 1935, Further tests of permeability with low hydraulic gradients: Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, v. 16, no. 2, p. 499-503, https://doi.org/10.1029/TR016i002p00499.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"499","endPage":"503","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":386779,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"16","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-08-18","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fishel, V.C.","contributorId":6126,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fishel","given":"V.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":818359,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70221655,"text":"70221655 - 1935 - The Piezometric surface of artesian water in the Florida peninsula","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-06-27T15:02:05.946659","indexId":"70221655","displayToPublicDate":"1935-08-01T09:58:17","publicationYear":"1935","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1578,"text":"Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union","onlineIssn":"2324-9250","printIssn":"0096-394","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The Piezometric surface of artesian water in the Florida peninsula","docAbstract":"

The ground‐water of the Florida Peninsula constitutes one of its most valuable natural resources and is of importance as a source of water‐supplies throughout the area. The problems relating to the development of ground‐water supplies are both quantitative and qualitative. They include such problems as the decline in yield of wells in areas of large withdrawals of water and salt‐water contamination of ground‐water supplies. In order to facilitate a better understanding and interpretation of hydrologic conditions relating to these local ground‐water problems, a general survey of the artesian water in the Florida Peninsula was made by the United States Geological Survey in 1934.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/TR016i002p00524","usgsCitation":"Stringfield, V.T., 1935, The Piezometric surface of artesian water in the Florida peninsula: Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, v. 16, no. 2, p. 524-529, https://doi.org/10.1029/TR016i002p00524.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"524","endPage":"529","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":386778,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -87.8466796875,\n 24.607069137709683\n ],\n [\n -78.837890625,\n 24.607069137709683\n ],\n [\n -78.837890625,\n 31.052933985705163\n ],\n [\n -87.8466796875,\n 31.052933985705163\n ],\n [\n -87.8466796875,\n 24.607069137709683\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"16","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-08-18","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stringfield, V. T.","contributorId":72369,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stringfield","given":"V.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":818358,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70221654,"text":"70221654 - 1935 - Pre‐Triassic volcanic rocks of the southern Appalachians","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-06-27T13:57:14.945701","indexId":"70221654","displayToPublicDate":"1935-08-01T08:54:36","publicationYear":"1935","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1578,"text":"Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union","onlineIssn":"2324-9250","printIssn":"0096-394","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Pre‐Triassic volcanic rocks of the southern Appalachians","docAbstract":"

Volcanic rocks occur from Pennsylvania to Alabama in the Piedmont Plateau, Blue Ridge Area, and the Great Valley. They include volcanics of pre‐Cambrian, Cambrian, and Middle Ordovician age. The most abundant types are basalt, andesite, rhyollte flows, tuffs, ash‐beds, and bentonite. The paper will discuss the types of volcanics In the different areas, their metamorphism, the relations of volcanics to the adjoining sedimentary and igneous rocks, and the facts on which their age is based.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/TR016i001p00284-1","usgsCitation":"Jonas, A.I., 1935, Pre‐Triassic volcanic rocks of the southern Appalachians: Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, v. 16, no. 1, p. 284-284, https://doi.org/10.1029/TR016i001p00284-1.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"284","endPage":"284","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":386777,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"16","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-08-18","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jonas, A. I.","contributorId":95524,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jonas","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":818357,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70221653,"text":"70221653 - 1935 - Bank storage‐loss and recovery of Missouri River discharge during drought of 1934","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-06-27T13:45:34.370924","indexId":"70221653","displayToPublicDate":"1935-08-01T08:40:29","publicationYear":"1935","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1578,"text":"Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union","onlineIssn":"2324-9250","printIssn":"0096-394","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Bank storage‐loss and recovery of Missouri River discharge during drought of 1934","docAbstract":"

Whenever measurements show that the discharge of a stream becomes smaller as it passes downstream to a considerably larger drainage-area and no diversions of water are known to exist between the places of measurement, curiosity is always aroused as to the cause, and a question may be raised as to the accuracy of the measurements purporting to show the decrease.

Small streams sometimes disappear in fault-planes and crevices in rocky regions with relatively high slopes, or in flat sand- and gravel-bars, and then reappear full-size farther downstream. This behavior, however, represents no decrease in the discharge but merely means that the stream is following an underground rather than a surface-course for that part of its travel.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/TR016i002p00513","usgsCitation":"Beckman, H., 1935, Bank storage‐loss and recovery of Missouri River discharge during drought of 1934: Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, v. 16, no. 2, p. 513-515, https://doi.org/10.1029/TR016i002p00513.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"513","endPage":"515","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":386776,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"16","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-08-18","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Beckman, H.C.","contributorId":34487,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beckman","given":"H.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":818356,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70221652,"text":"70221652 - 1935 - Report of the Committee on Underground Waters, 1934–35","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-06-27T13:37:05.875039","indexId":"70221652","displayToPublicDate":"1935-08-01T08:34:01","publicationYear":"1935","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1578,"text":"Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union","onlineIssn":"2324-9250","printIssn":"0096-394","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Report of the Committee on Underground Waters, 1934–35","docAbstract":"

The annual report this year consists almost wholly of a brief summary of investigations in progress in different parts of the country. It is by no means complete, and the Chairman of the Committee will be glad to receive information in regard to investigations that have not been mentioned.

The outstanding feature of the past year has been the focusing of public attention on problems of underground water, as a result of the drought-conditions, the activities of the National and State resource and planning surveys, and the creation of emergency-relief projects.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/TR016i002p00433","usgsCitation":"Thompson, D., 1935, Report of the Committee on Underground Waters, 1934–35: Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, v. 16, no. 2, p. 433-437, https://doi.org/10.1029/TR016i002p00433.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"433","endPage":"437","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":386775,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"16","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-08-18","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thompson, David G.","contributorId":8443,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"David G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":818355,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70221651,"text":"70221651 - 1935 - The need for a nation‐wide program of observation‐wells","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-06-26T12:10:05.948074","indexId":"70221651","displayToPublicDate":"1935-08-01T07:04:31","publicationYear":"1935","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1578,"text":"Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union","onlineIssn":"2324-9250","printIssn":"0096-394","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The need for a nation‐wide program of observation‐wells","docAbstract":"

During the severe droughts of recent years almost the only water‐supplies available throughout large areas of the United States have been those obtained from underground sources. Consequently, a great interest has developed in the ground‐water resources of the country and there has been much concern lest the declining water‐levels in wells and the diminished flow of springs may be warnings of the ultimate exhaustion of our ground‐water supplies. As is well known, the United States Geological Survey has for half a century conducted investigations of the ground‐water of the country and numerous investigations have been made by State geological surveys and other agencies. However, the time is now ripe for a coordinated, continuing program to obtain systematic records of water‐levels in observation‐wells and correlative records of natural discharge and artificial withdrawals of ground‐water. 

","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/TR016i002p00498","usgsCitation":"Meinzer, O.E., 1935, The need for a nation‐wide program of observation‐wells: Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, v. 16, no. 2, p. 498-499, https://doi.org/10.1029/TR016i002p00498.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"498","endPage":"499","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":386774,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"16","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-08-18","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Meinzer, O. E.","contributorId":10020,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meinzer","given":"O.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":818354,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70221650,"text":"70221650 - 1935 - Report of the Committee on Glaciers, 1934–35","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-06-26T11:48:11.931444","indexId":"70221650","displayToPublicDate":"1935-08-01T06:44:11","publicationYear":"1935","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1578,"text":"Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union","onlineIssn":"2324-9250","printIssn":"0096-394","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Report of the Committee on Glaciers, 1934–35","docAbstract":"

The members of the Committee on Glaciers for 1935 are as given in the report of the Committee for 1933–34 in the Transactions of the Fifteenth Annual Meeting with the addition of Kenneth N. Phillips (The Mazamas, Pacific Building, Portland, Oregon).

The year 1934 witnessed a further expansion of the program of systematic annual observations on the variations of American glaciers which was inaugurated by the Committee in 1931. Several of the collaborators in the field-work of their own initiative enlarged the scope of their activities, and a new group joined the movement in the Pacific Northwest, These are the Mountaineers, of Seattle, Washington, who began observations on the glaciers of Mount Baker, which are the largest in the continental United States next to those on Mount Rainier. Under the leadership of H. V. Strandberg a base-line was laid out by the Mountaineers for measurement of the recession of the Easton Glacier, on the south side of the peak.

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No abstract available. 

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Hampshire\",\"nation\":\"USA \"}}]}","volume":"30 ","issue":"4 ","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1935-06-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Conant, L. C.","contributorId":90381,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conant","given":"L. C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":776931,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70220435,"text":"70220435 - 1935 - Appendix B—Active ground‐water projects in California, Oregon, and Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-13T13:22:19.854208","indexId":"70220435","displayToPublicDate":"1935-05-13T08:20:36","publicationYear":"1935","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1578,"text":"Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union","onlineIssn":"2324-9250","printIssn":"0096-394","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Appendix B—Active ground‐water projects in California, Oregon, and Washington","docAbstract":"

General Pumping from wells for irrigation—The Division of Irrigation, Bureau of Agricultural Engineering, United States Department of Agriculture, is investigating the economics and practice of pumping from wells for irrigation in the western United States. The study is under the charge of Carl Rohwer. Its aims are (1) to gather data pertinent to the practical and economical phases of pumping for irrigation, including mechanical units, wells, methods of pump‐installation, the assembled plant, and the efficiency of the various units, and (2) to compile all available information on methods and cost of well‐drilling and the numerous factors influencing them, such as various types of casing and relation of diameter of casing to yield. The field‐work on both phases of the study is about complete. The manuscript on the first phase of the project is in process of preliminary editing. It is intended to publish the results of the study in two bulletins, probably as Department circulars.

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