During the summer and fall of 1939 four experiments were conducted at the Patuxent Research Refuge, Bowie, Maryland, to determine the protein requirements of bobwhite chicks. A total of 816 chicks were used to compare six levels of protein, namely, 22,24,26, 28, 30, and 32 per cent.....From the three standpoints of survival, rate of growth, and efficiency of feed utilization for the first ten weeks of life, the 28 per cent level of protein gave the best results. During the ninth and tenth weeks, the highest efficiency of feed utilization was obtained on the 22 per cent level. The results indicate that after the birds have reached about twothirds of their mature weight, the difference in efficiency between a diet containing 28 per cent of protein and one containing 22 per cent may be small enough to justify, in the interest of economy, the use of a diet containing the lower percentage of protein.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(1933)63[292:MFTIOT]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Hile, R., and Duden, W.R., 1933, Methods for the investigation of the statistics of the commercial fisheries of the Great Lakes: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 63, no. 1, p. 292-305, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1933)63[292:MFTIOT]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"292","endPage":"305","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":130483,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"63","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a53e4b07f02db62bada","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hile, Ralph","contributorId":48510,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hile","given":"Ralph","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308191,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Duden, William R.","contributorId":74704,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duden","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308192,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70010528,"text":"70010528 - 1933 - The analysis and composition of fatty material produced by the decomposition of herring in sea water","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-11T15:39:06.450688","indexId":"70010528","displayToPublicDate":"1933-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1933","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2519,"text":"Journal of the American Chemical Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The analysis and composition of fatty material produced by the decomposition of herring in sea water","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Chemical Society","doi":"10.1021/ja01328a045","usgsCitation":"Wells, R.C., and Erickson, E.T., 1933, The analysis and composition of fatty material produced by the decomposition of herring in sea water: Journal of the American Chemical Society, v. 55, no. 1, p. 338-341, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01328a045.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"338","endPage":"341","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":219691,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"55","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba9b9e4b08c986b32247c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wells, R. C.","contributorId":101300,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wells","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":359118,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Erickson, E. T.","contributorId":15681,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Erickson","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":359117,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70010576,"text":"70010576 - 1933 - Colorimetric determination of fluoride in water using ferric chloride","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-19T16:05:31.001531","indexId":"70010576","displayToPublicDate":"1933-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1933","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1982,"text":"Industrial And Engineering Chemistry Analytical Edition","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Colorimetric determination of fluoride in water using ferric chloride","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Chemical Society","doi":"10.1021/ac50084a005","usgsCitation":"Foster, M., 1933, Colorimetric determination of fluoride in water using ferric chloride: Industrial And Engineering Chemistry Analytical Edition, v. 5, no. 4, p. 234-236, https://doi.org/10.1021/ac50084a005.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"234","endPage":"236","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":219024,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"5","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f7c7e4b0c8380cd4ccd3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Foster, Margaret D.","contributorId":97958,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foster","given":"Margaret D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":359207,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1000413,"text":"1000413 - 1933 - Report of the Division of Commercial Fishing of the American Fisheries Society","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-14T19:54:47.700608","indexId":"1000413","displayToPublicDate":"1933-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1933","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Report of the Division of Commercial Fishing of the American Fisheries Society","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1577/00028487.1933.10493239","usgsCitation":"Van Oosten, J., 1933, Report of the Division of Commercial Fishing of the American Fisheries Society: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 63, no. 1, p. 31-35, https://doi.org/10.1577/00028487.1933.10493239.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"31","endPage":"35","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":130430,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"63","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a5ee4b07f02db633cb0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Van Oosten, John","contributorId":23479,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Oosten","given":"John","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308525,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1000128,"text":"1000128 - 1933 - Feeding adaptations in fishes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:06","indexId":"1000128","displayToPublicDate":"1933-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1933","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3560,"text":"The Fisherman","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Feeding adaptations in fishes","docAbstract":"Abstract has not been submitted","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"The Fisherman","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Deason, H.J., 1933, Feeding adaptations in fishes: The Fisherman, v. 2, no. 7, p. 3-4, 10.","productDescription":"p. 3-4, 10-11","startPage":"3","endPage":"4, 10","numberOfPages":"1","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":128581,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fde4b07f02db5f5e97","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Deason, Hilary J.","contributorId":66628,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Deason","given":"Hilary","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308117,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1000114,"text":"1000114 - 1933 - Recent advances in the fishing industry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:06","indexId":"1000114","displayToPublicDate":"1933-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1933","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3560,"text":"The Fisherman","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Recent advances in the fishing industry","docAbstract":"Abstract has not been submitted","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"The Fisherman","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Duden, W.R., 1933, Recent advances in the fishing industry: The Fisherman, v. 2, no. 10/12, p. 3-4, 10.","productDescription":"p. 3-4, 10-11/3-4, 10","startPage":"3","endPage":"4, 10","numberOfPages":"1","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":128645,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2","issue":"10/12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad6e4b07f02db683f5b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Duden, William R.","contributorId":74704,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duden","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308099,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1000492,"text":"1000492 - 1933 - Summary of limnological investigations in western Lake Erie in 1929 and 1930","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-02-04T11:29:11","indexId":"1000492","displayToPublicDate":"1933-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1933","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Summary of limnological investigations in western Lake Erie in 1929 and 1930","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(1933)63[271:SOLIIW]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Wright, S., and Tidd, W.M., 1933, Summary of limnological investigations in western Lake Erie in 1929 and 1930: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 63, p. 271-285, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1933)63[271:SOLIIW]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"271","endPage":"285","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":128729,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"63","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b04e4b07f02db69901b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wright, Stillman","contributorId":14340,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"Stillman","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308619,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tidd, Wilbur M.","contributorId":54148,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tidd","given":"Wilbur","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308620,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1000412,"text":"1000412 - 1933 - Preliminary report on investigation of chubnet meshes in Lake Michigan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:15","indexId":"1000412","displayToPublicDate":"1933-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1933","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3560,"text":"The Fisherman","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Preliminary report on investigation of chubnet meshes in Lake Michigan","docAbstract":"Abstract has not been submitted","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"The Fisherman","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"Out-of-print","usgsCitation":"Van Oosten, J., 1933, Preliminary report on investigation of chubnet meshes in Lake Michigan: The Fisherman, v. 2, no. 4, p. 3-4, 8.","productDescription":"p. 3-4, 8","startPage":"3","endPage":"4, 8","numberOfPages":"1","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":130403,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aafe4b07f02db66caf4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Van Oosten, John","contributorId":23479,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Oosten","given":"John","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308524,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1000129,"text":"1000129 - 1933 - Geological formation of Great Lakes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:06","indexId":"1000129","displayToPublicDate":"1933-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1933","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3560,"text":"The Fisherman","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geological formation of Great Lakes","docAbstract":"Abstract has not been submitted","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"The Fisherman","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Deason, H.J., 1933, Geological formation of Great Lakes: The Fisherman, v. 2, no. 3, p. 3-4, 10.","productDescription":"p. 3-4, 10","startPage":"3","endPage":"4, 10","numberOfPages":"1","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":128582,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adee4b07f02db68759a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Deason, Hilary J.","contributorId":66628,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Deason","given":"Hilary","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308118,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1000265,"text":"1000265 - 1933 - Preliminary report on the age and growth of the yellow perch (Perca flavescens Mitchill) from Lake Erie, as determined from a study of its scales","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:03","indexId":"1000265","displayToPublicDate":"1933-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1933","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3008,"text":"Papers of the Michigan Academy of Science, Arts, and Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Preliminary report on the age and growth of the yellow perch (Perca flavescens Mitchill) from Lake Erie, as determined from a study of its scales","docAbstract":"Abstract has not been submitted","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Papers of the Michigan Academy of Science, Arts, and Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"Out-of-print","usgsCitation":"Jobes, F.W., 1933, Preliminary report on the age and growth of the yellow perch (Perca flavescens Mitchill) from Lake Erie, as determined from a study of its scales: Papers of the Michigan Academy of Science, Arts, and Letters, v. 17, p. 643-652.","productDescription":"p. 643-652","startPage":"643","endPage":"652","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":128986,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"17","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aafe4b07f02db66c9a8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jobes, Frank W.","contributorId":6004,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jobes","given":"Frank","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308313,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70010581,"text":"70010581 - 1933 - Determination of total dissolved solids in water analysis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-23T17:26:25.234863","indexId":"70010581","displayToPublicDate":"1933-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1933","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1982,"text":"Industrial And Engineering Chemistry Analytical Edition","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Determination of total dissolved solids in water analysis","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"ACS Publications","doi":"10.1021/ac50081a004","usgsCitation":"Howard, C.S., 1933, Determination of total dissolved solids in water analysis: Industrial And Engineering Chemistry Analytical Edition, v. 5, no. 1, p. 4-6, https://doi.org/10.1021/ac50081a004.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"4","endPage":"6","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":219087,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"5","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ffdee4b0c8380cd4f435","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Howard, C. S.","contributorId":73180,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Howard","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":359212,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70180093,"text":"70180093 - 1932 - Stream measurement work: Chapter 8 in Eighteenth biennial report of the State Engineer to the governor of Utah: 1931-1932","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-24T11:43:19","indexId":"70180093","displayToPublicDate":"2017-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1932","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5276,"text":"Utah State Engineer Biennial Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":2}},"seriesNumber":"18","chapter":"8","title":"Stream measurement work: Chapter 8 in Eighteenth biennial report of the State Engineer to the governor of Utah: 1931-1932","docAbstract":"General stream measurement work for the purpose of determining the water resources of the state has been continued during the biennium by the United States Geological Survey under the usual cooperative agreements with the State Engineer.
This work in Utah is a part of the general plan for the systematic determination of the water resources of the United States begun by the geological Survey in 1888. For the past 25 years the scope of these investigations has been extended far beyond what would have been possible under the Federal appropriation alone by reason of state appropriations for cooperation. At present thirty-nine of the states are cooperating in the stream measurement work under agreements that provide for equal expenditures by the state and federal governments.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Eighteenth biennial report of the State Engineer to the governor of Utah: 1931-1932","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Purton, A., 1932, Stream measurement work: Chapter 8 in Eighteenth biennial report of the State Engineer to the governor of Utah: 1931-1932: Utah State Engineer Biennial Report 18, 3 p.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"25","endPage":"27","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":333794,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":333793,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.waterrights.utah.gov/cgi-bin/libview.exe?Modinfo=Viewpub&LIBNUM=50-1-363","text":"Full Text of Biennial Report"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5888770de4b05ccb964bab6f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Purton, A.B.","contributorId":18338,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Purton","given":"A.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":660303,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70159324,"text":"70159324 - 1932 - Ground water supplies of the Camden area, New Jersey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-04-30T14:33:02.555607","indexId":"70159324","displayToPublicDate":"2015-05-04T08:00:00","publicationYear":"1932","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"seriesNumber":"39","title":"Ground water supplies of the Camden area, New Jersey","docAbstract":"This report is one of several setting forth the results of investigations as to the safe yield of the principal water-bearing formations in certain parts of New Jersey, carried on cooperatively by the New Jersey Department of Conservation and Development and the United States Geological Survey. Other areas in which similar studies have been made are the Atlantic City area; the Asbury Park area; the Runyon area, including the Perth Amboy well field; the area embracing the well fields of the Commonwealth-Water Co., the East Orange Water Department, and other municipalities near the Passaic River in the vicinity of Chatham; and the Garfield Water Department well field and those of several industries in the vicinity of East Paterson.
\nThe results of the study in the Camden area are of value for several reasons. The greater part of the water supply of Camden comes from wells in three fields with an estimated capacity of about 30 million gallons a day, distribute1 over a triangular area of less than one square mile. This is one of the largest developments of ground water in so small an area in the United States. During the investigation a number of new wells were drilled in this area, and the type of wells and methods of pumping were changed, and observations were possible that otherwise could seldom be obtained under such favorable circumstances. As a result of the building of the new bridge across the Delaware River between Philadelphia and Camden there has been a considerable increase in population and in consumption of water in the Camden area, and this investigation is valuable in showing the extent to which further development of ground water is possible.
\nThe observations on which the report is based were made in the period from July 1, 1923, to the date of writing the report, in the early part of 1928.1 The continuing observations have been confined essentially to the well fields of the Camden Water Department. Certain data in regard to other well fields within a radius of 10 miles of Camden, collected by F. Clark Rule under the direction of the writer in the summer of 1923, and other data obtained from the files of the Department of Conservation and Development are also included in so far as they bear on the problems under consideration. The City of Camden has cooperated heartily through C. P. Sherwood, formerly director of the Department of Streets and Public Improvements, his successor, W. D. Sayrs, Jr., James H. Long, maintenance engineer of the Water Department, and David B. Owen, chief engineer of the Morris pumping station. Much valuable information has been furnished by the Layne-New York Co., which, during the period of the investigation, replaced nearly all the old-type wells of the Camden system with those of the most modern type. The investigation was under the immediate supervision of H. T. Critchlow, then chief of the Division of Waters of the Department of Conservation and Development, and O.E. Meinzer, geologist in charge of the Division of Ground Water of the United States Geological Survey. The late Dr. M. W. Twitchell, assistant State geologist, was consulted on phases relating to the stratigraphy. A number of analyses of water have been made by C. S. Howard, of the United States Geological Survey, and advice in regard to problems arising from the mineral character of the water has been given by W. D. Collins, chemist in charge of the Division of Quality of Water of the same organization. Thanks are also due to those of the other water departments and private well owners in the area who have furnished information.
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Jr.","contributorId":29787,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reeside","given":"J.B.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":209231,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":39321,"text":"pp171 - 1932 - Geology and ore deposits of the Pioche district, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-12-21T11:21:43","indexId":"pp171","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1932","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"171","title":"Geology and ore deposits of the Pioche district, Nevada","docAbstract":"LOCATION AND SURFACE FEATURES
The Bristol Range, Highland, and Ely Range quadrangles make up the larger part of a. rectangular area 35 miles north and south by 24 miles east and west, which lies 19 miles west of the Nevada-Utah line and about 250 miles southwest of Salt Lake City. The district lies within the Great Basin, a semiarid region of alternating mountain ranges and intermontane plains floored largely by outwash from the mountains.
The plain, which slopes away from the ranges, stands between 4,700 and 6,000 feet above the sea. The Bristol and Highland Ranges, which are separated only by a low gap, form an almost continuous north-south range that rises about 2,500 feet above the highest part of the surrounding plain, to general altitudes of 8,000 to 9,000 feet, though the highest point, Highland Peak, reaches 9,395 feet. A lower range, the Ely Range, with a northwesterly trend, lies farther east and nearly in touch with the Bristol-Highland Range. The town of Pioche lies midway on the. eastern foot of the Ely Range.
ROOKS OF THE PIOOHB REGION
The rocks of the ranges are Paleozoic sediments, Tertiary (?) lavas and intrusive rocks, and Pliocene (?) tuffs.
The Paleozoic sediments have a total thickness of nearly 18,000 feet. Over 8,000 feet of the Cambrian has been measured without reaching its base. The lowest Cambrian formation is a quartzite, of which only the upper 1,500 feet is exposed, and this is followed by 1,200 feet of shale, 400 feet of limestone, aoid 150 feet of shale. Above this second shale the upper three-fourths of the Cambrian consists of limestone and dolomitic limestone. It is in the quartzite and in the limestone interbedded in and bounding the shales that the main ore bodies of the district have been found. Above the Cambrian comes 1,795 feet of Ordovician limestone, with some interbedded dolomite and with a 50-foot quartzite a, third of the way down from the top; 75 feet of Silurian dolomite; 3,000 feet of Middle Devonian dolomite with thin interbedded quartzite near the top, followed by 550 feet of Upper Devonian limestone; 3,775 feet of Mississippian limestone with a heavy quartzitic sandstone just below the middle; then, at the top of the series, 700 feet of Pennsylvania n limestone.
The Paleozoic formations are tilted, bent, and faulted, but sharp folding is extremely rare. Dips between 10° and 30° are common, but there are few greater than 40°. The rocks are cut by many large and innumerable small normal faults, which in many parts of the area are difficult to recognize because they cut thick formations of similar rocks. A large thrust fault occurs along the west side of the Bristol-Highland Range.
A thick series of lavas with interbedded tuffs lies along the flanks of the ranges and makes up a large part of the hilly northwest corner of the Bristol quadrangle. The lavas lie unconformably on the Paleozoic sediments and consist mainly of dacite, latite, and andesite, with some basalt and a little rhyolite. About 6,000 feet of lavas and tuffs were measured in Condor Canyon, near the south end of the Ely Range. The age of the lavas is not sharply fixed; they may be early Tertiary or even late Mesozoic. It is not unlikely that they are the result of volcanic action extending over a long period. The lavas are tilted and faulted, though their average dip is less than that of the Paleozoic sediments.
At Blind Mountain, on the west side of the Bristol Range, stocks of quartz monzonite and dikes of similar composition cut an infaulted block consisting of sediments, chiefly Devonian, and lavas. Both the sediments and the lavas are metamorphosed, and a belt of marked metamorphism extends south along the west base of the Bristol-Highland Range for several miles. The quartz porphyry dikes of the region, including those near Pioche, are believed to have come in at the same time.
The plain west of the Bristol-Highland Range is a. valley of interior drainage floored with outwash from the mountains, coarser near the range but finer and making a clay flat along the west side of the Bristol Range and Highland quadrangles. The valley east of the Bristol-Highland Range, however, has outside drainage by way of Meadow Valley to the Virgin and Colorado Rivers. The stream in upper Meadow Valley and its tributaries have cut through the surface wash from the mountains and laid bare several hundred feet of white, yellow, and red water-laid Pliocene tuffs that lie in nearly the position in which they were laid down. This erosion has developed a striking badland topography in the Pliocene beds.
HISTORICAL SUMMARY
The general succession of events may be summarized as follows:
1. Sedimentation during most of Paleozoic time from Cambrian to Pennsylvanian.
2. Uplift, slight warping, and erosion.
3. Volcanism of perhaps late Mesozoic or early Tertiary time, producing lavas and tuffs. This period of volcanism may have lasted a long time and spanned one or more of the epochs of faulting.
4. Tilting and normal faulting.
5. Thrust faulting.
6. Quartz monzonite intrusions at Blind Mountain.
7. Normal block faulting of the Basin Range type.
8. Erosion of the faulted blocks to maturity and to essen-. tially the topography of to-day.
9. Outbursts of volcanic ash, probably in late Pliocene time, and the deposition of several hundred feet of water-laid tuffs in the valleys.
10. In Meadow Valley, valley cutting, which has produced a badland topography in the soft Pliocene tuffs and canyons where the streams cross the harder Paleozoic limestones.
ECONOMIC GEOLOGY
The Pioche district during four years in the early seventies was second only to the Comstock district in output of silver. The bonanza ore of those stirring times came from fissure veins in the Prospect Mountain quartzite, of Lower Cambrian age. In recent years the main interest has shifted to the bedded replacement deposits of silver-bearing lead-zinc sulphide ore occurring in the limestone members of the Pioche shale a type of ore body which was discovered accidentally during the prospecting of the fissure veins.
The ore deposits of the district comprise three groups (1) silver-bearing fissure veins in quartzite; (2) silver-bearing mineralized granite porphyry; (3) replacement deposits in limestone and dolomite. All of them appear to have been formed at about the same time, in the epoch of mineralization that occurred shortly after the intrusion of the granitic rocks and their allied dikes of granite porphyry and lamprophyre.
The entire present output of the district is coming from the replacement deposits in limestone and dolomite, but exploratory work is still in progress on the fissure veins and mineralized porphyry.
The replacement deposits include both replacement fissure veins and stratiform (\"bedded\") replacement deposits.
The replacement fissure veins dip steeply and cut across the bedding of the carbonate rocks in which they are inclosed. They are thoroughly oxidized, as deep at least as 1,100 feet, for on none of them have the mine workings penetrated to water level, and they are highly manganiferous and limonitic and low in silica. At-certain horizons stratiform replacement deposits extend out as lateral branches from the fissure veins. Deposits of this kind occur mainly in the Mendha limestone, Highland Peak limestone, and Lyndon limestone. The stratigraphic range is therefore at least 5,500 feet, and as some of the fissure veins extend down through the underlying Pioche shale the indicated range may exceed 6,500 feet. The most notable representatives of the replacement fissure veins are at the Bristol mine, where they yield silver-bearing copper-leadzinc ores. So far unique among the ore bodies of the district is the pipe of wad and pyrolusite ore at the Jackrabbit mine, the periphery of the pipe consisting of a girdle of extraordinarily coarse white calcite spar produced by the recrystallization of the surrounding limestones.
The stratiform replacement deposits that are attracting most attention occur at the intersections of steep fissures with the limestone members of the Pioche shale. In recent years the \" bedded \" ore of the Combined Metals mine has been of main interest. The ore is essentially a.n intimate intergrowth of pyrite, sphalerite, and galena. Although above water level, the ore is unoxidized. It extends on both sides of the mineralizing fissure as far as 100 feet. At the Prince mine ore beds were formed at seven successively higher horizons in the Pioche shale and the overlying Lyndon and Highland Peak limestones. The ore \" beds \" above water level in the Prince mine are thoroughly oxidized and consist of manganese-iron oxides low in silver, lead, and zinc. About 800,000 tons of ore carrying 2.5 to 3 ounces of silver to the ton, 3 per cent of lead, 35 per cent of iron, and 15 per cent of manganese has been shipped. The Prince mine was in 1915-1918 the premier producer of lead in Nevada. The ore \" bed \" that occurs here below water level consists of sphalerite, galena, and pyrite in a gangue of manganosiderite and minor quartz. This is the only locality in the district in which the primary source of the abundant oxidized manganese minerals (wad, pyrolusite, and braunite) has so far been found.
Some of the stratiform ore bodies the ore beds, as they are locally called were formed adjacent to exceedingly insignificant-looking fissures; and this dependence on inconspicuous mineralizing fissures is beyond doubt one of the most impressive features in the geology of the district. It opens the possibility that there may be many other bedded deposits which, like the Combined Metals ore bed, do not crop out. To find these ore bodies will be difficult, but their discovery will be aided primarily by applying skillfully a knowledge of the geologic column and by determining the faulting that has disturbed or changed the normal sequence of the strata.
No abstract available.
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