Successful management of walleye and sauger populations often requires a detailed knowledge of prey resources. As with many fishes, diets of juvenile Sander spp. are often different than those of adult fish and can have important implications for growth and survival. Similarly, spatial and temporal variation in diet composition can contribute to variation in growth and production of Sander populations. Thus, management efforts (e.g., stocking) aimed at enhancing walleye and sauger populations benefit from the knowledge and tools to effectively quantify feeding patterns.
Today, fisheries managers face a myriad of challenges posed by nonnative species, eutrophication, climate change, and water availability, to name just a few. As a result, knowledge about prey use, energetics, and effects of Sander populations on food web structure has increased dramatically in the last 30 years. Experimental work with larval and juvenile walleyes has provided new insights into factors affecting growth and survival during early life stages (see Chapter 7) that has benefitted management and propagation efforts. Similarly, contemporary analytical approaches, such as bioenergetics modeling and stable isotope analysis, have improved our understanding of walleye foraging behavior and provided new tools for exploring trophic interactions. In this chapter, we review the general feeding ecology of walleye and sauger and highlight contemporary approaches for quantifying energy acquisition and trophic interactions.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Biology, management, and culture of walleye and sauger","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.47886/9781934874226.ch8","usgsCitation":"Chipps, S.R., and Graeb, B.D., 2011, Feeding ecology and energetics, chap. 8 of Biology, management, and culture of walleye and sauger, https://doi.org/10.47886/9781934874226.ch8.","ipdsId":"IP-028686","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":332211,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58550b83e4b02bdf681568bb","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Barton, Bruce A.","contributorId":177521,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Barton","given":"Bruce","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":656054,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Chipps, Steven R. 0000-0001-6511-7582 steve_chipps@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6511-7582","contributorId":2243,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chipps","given":"Steven","email":"steve_chipps@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":640965,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Graeb, Brian D. S.","contributorId":171851,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Graeb","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"D. S.","affiliations":[{"id":26956,"text":"Departement of Natural Resource Management, Brookings, SD","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":656053,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70155352,"text":"70155352 - 2011 - The distribution and abundance ofa nuisance native alga, Didymosphenia geminata,in streams of Glacier National Park: Climate drivers and management implications","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-09-08T14:32:25","indexId":"70155352","displayToPublicDate":"2011-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3014,"text":"Park Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The distribution and abundance ofa nuisance native alga, Didymosphenia geminata,in streams of Glacier National Park: Climate drivers and management implications","docAbstract":"Didymosphenia geminata (didymo) is a freshwater alga native to North America, including Glacier National Park, Montana. It has long been considered a cold-water species, but has recently spread to lower latitudes and warmer waters, and increasingly forms large blooms that cover streambeds. We used a comprehensive monitoring data set from the National Park Service (NPS) and USGS models of stream temperatures to explore the drivers of didymo abundance in Glacier National Park. We estimate that approximately 64% of the stream length in the park contains didymo, with around 5% in a bloom state. Results suggest that didymo abundance likely increased over the study period (2007–2009), with blooms becoming more common. Our models suggest that didymo abundance is positively related to summer stream temperatures and negatively related to total nitrogen and the distance downstream from lakes. Regional climate model simulations indicate that stream temperatures in the park will likely continue to increase over the coming decades, which may increase the extent and severity of didymo blooms. As a result, didymo may be a useful indicator of thermal and hydrological modification associated with climate warming, especially in a relatively pristine system like Glacier where proximate human-related disturbances are absent or reduced. Glacier National Park plays an important role as a sentinel for climate change and associated education across the Rocky Mountain region.
","language":"English","publisher":"Park Science","usgsCitation":"Muhlfeld, C.C., Jones, L.A., E. William Schweiger, Ashton, I.W., and Bahls, L.L., 2011, The distribution and abundance ofa nuisance native alga, Didymosphenia geminata,in streams of Glacier National Park: Climate drivers and management implications: Park Science, v. 28, no. 2, p. 88-91.","productDescription":"4 p. ","startPage":"88","endPage":"91","ipdsId":"IP-028364","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":328407,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","otherGeospatial":"Glacier National Park ","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -115.147705078125,\n 48.98382212608503\n ],\n [\n -113.54919433593749,\n 48.99103162515997\n ],\n [\n -113.0987548828125,\n 48.352598707539286\n ],\n [\n -113.741455078125,\n 48.19904897935913\n ],\n [\n -115.147705078125,\n 48.929717630629554\n ],\n [\n -115.147705078125,\n 48.98382212608503\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"28","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57d28bafe4b0571647d0f94c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Muhlfeld, Clint C. 0000-0002-4599-4059 cmuhlfeld@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4599-4059","contributorId":924,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muhlfeld","given":"Clint","email":"cmuhlfeld@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":565541,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jones, Leslie A. 0000-0002-4953-7189 lajones@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4953-7189","contributorId":4599,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"Leslie","email":"lajones@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":565542,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"E. William Schweiger","contributorId":145874,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"E. William Schweiger","affiliations":[{"id":16277,"text":"NPS Rocky Mountain Inventory & Monitoring Network","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":565543,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Ashton, Isabel W.","contributorId":145875,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ashton","given":"Isabel","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":16277,"text":"NPS Rocky Mountain Inventory & Monitoring Network","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":565544,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Bahls, Loren L.","contributorId":145876,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bahls","given":"Loren","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":16278,"text":"Montana Diatom Collection","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":565545,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13}]}} ,{"id":70003319,"text":"70003319 - 2011 - Statistical Comparisons of watershed scale response to climate change in selected basins across the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-06-21T15:48:51","indexId":"70003319","displayToPublicDate":"2011-05-31T13:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1421,"text":"Earth Interactions","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Statistical Comparisons of watershed scale response to climate change in selected basins across the United States","docAbstract":"In an earlier global climate-change study, air temperature and precipitation data for the entire twenty-first century simulated from five general circulation models were used as input to precalibrated watershed models for 14 selected basins across the United States. Simulated daily streamflow and energy output from the watershed models were used to compute a range of statistics. With a side-by-side comparison of the statistical analyses for the 14 basins, regional climatic and hydrologic trends over the twenty-first century could be qualitatively identified. Low-flow statistics (95% exceedance, 7-day mean annual minimum, and summer mean monthly streamflow) decreased for almost all basins. Annual maximum daily streamflow also decreased in all the basins, except for all four basins in California and the Pacific Northwest. An analysis of the supply of available energy and water for the basins indicated that ratios of evaporation to precipitation and potential evapotranspiration to precipitation for most of the basins will increase. Probability density functions (PDFs) were developed to assess the uncertainty and multimodality in the impact of climate change on mean annual streamflow variability. Kolmogorov?Smirnov tests showed significant differences between the beginning and ending twenty-first-century PDFs for most of the basins, with the exception of four basins that are located in the western United States. Almost none of the basin PDFs were normally distributed, and two basins in the upper Midwest had PDFs that were extremely dispersed and skewed.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Earth Interactions","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Meteorological Society","doi":"10.1175/2010EI364.1","usgsCitation":"Risley, J., Moradkhani, H., Hay, L.E., and Markstrom, S., 2011, Statistical Comparisons of watershed scale response to climate change in selected basins across the United States: Earth Interactions, v. 15, no. 14, p. 1-26, https://doi.org/10.1175/2010EI364.1.","productDescription":"26 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"26","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474997,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1175/2010ei364.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":204268,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":110886,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2010EI364.1"}],"country":"United States","volume":"15","issue":"14","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49dee4b07f02db5e2a24","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Risley, John","contributorId":38128,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Risley","given":"John","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346880,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Moradkhani, Hamid","contributorId":42344,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moradkhani","given":"Hamid","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346881,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hay, Lauren E. 0000-0003-3763-4595 lhay@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3763-4595","contributorId":1287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hay","given":"Lauren","email":"lhay@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":346882,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Markstrom, Steve","contributorId":23682,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Markstrom","given":"Steve","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346879,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70004524,"text":"sir20115069 - 2011 - Geologic framework and hydrogeologic characteristics in the southern part of the Rancho Diana Natural Area, northern Bexar County, Texas, 2008-10","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-29T16:07:20","indexId":"sir20115069","displayToPublicDate":"2011-05-31T10:01:04","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-5069","title":"Geologic framework and hydrogeologic characteristics in the southern part of the Rancho Diana Natural Area, northern Bexar County, Texas, 2008-10","docAbstract":"The area designated by the city of San Antonio as the Rancho Diana Natural Area is in northern Bexar County, near San Antonio, Texas. During 2008-10, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the city of San Antonio, documented the geologic framework and mapped the hydrogeologic characteristics for the southern part of the Rancho Diana Natural Area. The geologic framework of the study area and its hydrogeologic characteristics were documented using field observations and information from previously published reports. Many of the geologic and hydrogeologic features were found by making field observations through the dense vegetation along gridlines spaced approximately 25 feet apart and documenting the features as they were located. Surface geologic features were identified and hydrogeologic features such as caves, sinkholes, and areas of solutionally enlarged porosity were located using hand-held Global Positioning System units. The location data were used to create a map of the hydrogeologic subdivisions and the location of karst features. The outcrops of the Edwards and Trinity aquifer recharge zones were mapped by using hydrogeologic subdivisions modified from previous reports. All rocks exposed within the study area are of sedimentary origin and Lower Cretaceous in age. The valley floor is formed in the cavernous member of the upper Glen Rose Limestone of the Trinity Group. The hills are composed of the basal nodular member, dolomitic member, Kirschberg evaporite member, and grainstone member of the Kainer Formation of the Edwards Group. Field observations made during this study of the exposed formations and members indicate that the formations and members typically are composed of mudstones, wackestones, packstones, grainstones, and argillaceous limestones, along with marls. The upper Glen Rose Limestone is approximately 410 to 450 feet thick but only the upper 70 feet is exposed in the study area. The Kainer Formation is approximately 255 feet thick in the study area and is composed of, in ascending order, the basal nodular member, dolomitic member, Kirschberg evaporite member, and grainstone member. The Edwards and Trinity aquifers contain a combination of fabric-selective and not-fabric-selective porosities. Porosity types observed in the study area that can increase the effective porosity and increase permeability include solutionally enlarged caves, sinkholes, fractures, bedding planes, channels, molds and vugs. Caves found during hydrogeologic mapping might have been spring discharge points, but sufficient downcutting over geologic time in the rocks has occurred so that springs discharge at lower elevations near the creek channel. The mapped caves, sinkholes, and other areas of solutionally enlarged porosity might facilitate recharge during large storm events when runoff occurs on the hillsides; additional areally distributed recharge in the study area occurs as a result of infiltration.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20115069","collaboration":"In cooperation with the City of San Antonio","usgsCitation":"Clark, A.K., and Morris, R., 2011, Geologic framework and hydrogeologic characteristics in the southern part of the Rancho Diana Natural Area, northern Bexar County, Texas, 2008-10: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5069, v, 19 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20115069.","productDescription":"v, 19 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2008-01-01","temporalEnd":"2010-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116841,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2011_5069.jpg"},{"id":21820,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5069/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":338706,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5069/pdf/sir2011-5069.pdf","text":"Report","size":"20 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","county":"Bexar","otherGeospatial":"Rancho Diana Natural Area","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -98.67679595947266,\n 29.61763959537609\n ],\n [\n -98.68091583251953,\n 29.61465489947712\n ],\n [\n -98.68640899658203,\n 29.608685242542364\n ],\n [\n -98.68881225585938,\n 29.59883453582689\n ],\n [\n -98.68331909179688,\n 29.59077415103838\n ],\n [\n -98.67610931396484,\n 29.585997322833492\n ],\n [\n -98.66546630859375,\n 29.58629588122112\n ],\n [\n -98.65585327148438,\n 29.5922668634766\n ],\n [\n -98.6517333984375,\n 29.602118211647333\n ],\n [\n -98.64212036132812,\n 29.612267079123548\n ],\n [\n -98.64280700683592,\n 29.622713375554916\n ],\n [\n -98.64967346191406,\n 29.626891590943814\n ],\n [\n -98.65791320800781,\n 29.62629471363916\n ],\n [\n -98.66752624511719,\n 29.62539939105201\n ],\n [\n -98.67233276367188,\n 29.622414924968727\n ],\n [\n -98.67679595947266,\n 29.61763959537609\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b15e4b07f02db6a4819","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clark, Allan K. 0000-0003-0099-1521 akclark@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0099-1521","contributorId":1279,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"Allan","email":"akclark@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":350563,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Morris, Robert R. 0000-0001-7504-3732","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7504-3732","contributorId":106213,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morris","given":"Robert R.","affiliations":[{"id":48595,"text":"Oklahoma-Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":350564,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70004496,"text":"ofr20111095 - 2011 - Assessment of Soil-Gas and Soil Contamination at the Former Military Police Range, Fort Gordon, Georgia, 2009-2010","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:40","indexId":"ofr20111095","displayToPublicDate":"2011-05-27T19:09:29","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-1095","title":"Assessment of Soil-Gas and Soil Contamination at the Former Military Police Range, Fort Gordon, Georgia, 2009-2010","docAbstract":"Soil gas and soil were assessed for organic and inorganic contaminants at the former military police range at Fort Gordon, Georgia, from May to September 2010. The assessment evaluated organic contaminants in soil-gas samplers and inorganic contaminants in soil samples. This assessment was conducted to provide environmental contamination data to Fort Gordon pursuant to requirements of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act Part B Hazardous Waste Permit process. Soil-gas samplers deployed and collected from May 20 to 24, 2010, identified masses above method detection level for total petroleum hydrocarbons, gasoline-related and diesel-related compounds, and chloroform. Most of these detections were in the southwestern quarter of the study area and adjacent to the road on the eastern boundary of the site. Nine of the 11 chloroform detections were in the southern half of the study area. One soil-gas sampler deployed adjacent to the road on the southern boundary of the site detected a mass of tetrachloroethene greater than, but close to, the method detection level of 0.02 microgram. For soil-gas samplers deployed and collected from September 15 to 22, 2010, none of the selected organic compounds classified as chemical agents and explosives were detected above method detection levels. Inorganic concentrations in the five soil samples collected at the site did not exceed the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency regional screening levels for industrial soil and were at or below background levels for similar rocks and strata in South Carolina.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20111095","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Department of the Army Environmental and Natural Resources Management Office of the U.S. Army Signal Center and Fort Gordon","usgsCitation":"Falls, W.F., Caldwell, A.W., Guimaraes, W.B., Ratliff, W.H., Wellborn, J.B., and Landmeyer, J., 2011, Assessment of Soil-Gas and Soil Contamination at the Former Military Police Range, Fort Gordon, Georgia, 2009-2010: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1095, vi, 24 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111095.","productDescription":"vi, 24 p.","costCenters":[{"id":559,"text":"South Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116608,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2011_1095.bmp"},{"id":21814,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1095/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":204787,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02509922"}],"country":"United States","state":"Georgia","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aafe4b07f02db66d313","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Falls, W. Fred 0000-0003-2928-9795 wffalls@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2928-9795","contributorId":107754,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Falls","given":"W.","email":"wffalls@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Fred","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350505,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Caldwell, Andral W. 0000-0003-1269-5463 acaldwel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1269-5463","contributorId":3228,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Caldwell","given":"Andral","email":"acaldwel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":559,"text":"South Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":350500,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Guimaraes, Wladmir B. wbguimar@usgs.gov","contributorId":3818,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guimaraes","given":"Wladmir","email":"wbguimar@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":559,"text":"South Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":350502,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ratliff, W. Hagan","contributorId":60347,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ratliff","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"Hagan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350504,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wellborn, John B.","contributorId":24822,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wellborn","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350503,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Landmeyer, James 0000-0002-5640-3816 jlandmey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5640-3816","contributorId":3257,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Landmeyer","given":"James","email":"jlandmey@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":350501,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70004515,"text":"ds580 - 2011 - Groundwater environmental tracer data collected from the Chicot, Evangeline, and Jasper aquifers in Montgomery County and adjacent counties, Texas, 2008","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-11T15:40:29","indexId":"ds580","displayToPublicDate":"2011-05-27T19:09:29","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"580","title":"Groundwater environmental tracer data collected from the Chicot, Evangeline, and Jasper aquifers in Montgomery County and adjacent counties, Texas, 2008","docAbstract":"The Gulf Coast aquifer system is the primary water supply for Montgomery County in southeastern Texas, including part of the Houston metropolitan area and the cities of Magnolia, Conroe, and The Woodlands Township, Texas. The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Lone Star Groundwater Conservation District, collected environmental tracer data in the Gulf Coast aquifer system, primarily in Montgomery County. Forty existing groundwater wells screened in the Gulf Coast aquifer system were selected for sampling in Montgomery County (38 wells), Waller County (1 well), and Walker County (1 well). Groundwater-quality samples, physicochemical properties, and water-level data were collected once from each of the 40 wells during March-September 2008. Groundwater-quality samples were analyzed for dissolved gases and the environmental tracers sulfur hexafluoride, chlorofluorocarbons, tritium, helium-4, and helium-3/tritium. Water samples were collected and processed onsite using methods designed to minimize changes to the water-sample chemistry or contamination from the atmosphere. Replicate samples for quality assurance and quality control were collected with each environmental sample. Well-construction information and environmental tracer data for March-September 2008 are presented.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds580","usgsCitation":"Oden, T., 2011, Groundwater environmental tracer data collected from the Chicot, Evangeline, and Jasper aquifers in Montgomery County and adjacent counties, Texas, 2008: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 580, iv, 8 p.; Appendices; Download of Appendices in Excel Format, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds580.","productDescription":"iv, 8 p.; Appendices; Download of Appendices in Excel Format","startPage":"iv","endPage":"37","numberOfPages":"41","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116606,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds_580.gif"},{"id":21818,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/580/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"100000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator projection","state":"Texas","county":"Montgomery","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -96.25,30 ], [ -96.25,30.75 ], [ -95.08333333333333,30.75 ], [ -95.08333333333333,30 ], [ -96.25,30 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a80e4b07f02db649701","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Oden, Timothy D. toden@usgs.gov","contributorId":1284,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oden","given":"Timothy D.","email":"toden@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":350542,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70004514,"text":"sir20115008 - 2011 - Precipitation-runoff relations and water-quality characteristics at edge-of-field stations, Discovery Farms and Pioneer Farm, Wisconsin, 2003-8","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-12-23T11:51:14","indexId":"sir20115008","displayToPublicDate":"2011-05-27T19:09:29","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-5008","title":"Precipitation-runoff relations and water-quality characteristics at edge-of-field stations, Discovery Farms and Pioneer Farm, Wisconsin, 2003-8","docAbstract":"A cooperative study between the U.S. Geological Survey, the University of Wisconsin (UW)-Madison Discovery Farms program (Discovery Farms), and the UW-Platteville Pioneer Farm program (Pioneer Farm) was developed to identify typical ranges and magnitudes, temporal distributions, and principal factors affecting concentrations and yields of sediment, nutrients, and other selected constituents in runoff from agricultural fields. Hydrologic and water-quality data were collected year-round at 23 edge-of-field monitoring stations on 5 privately owned Discovery Farms and on Pioneer Farm during water years 2003-8. The studied farms represented landscapes, soils, and farming systems typical of livestock farms throughout southern Wisconsin. Each farm employed a variety of soil, nutrient, and water-conservation practices to help minimize sediment and nutrient losses from fields and to improve crop productivity. This report summarizes the precipitation-runoff relations and water-quality characteristics measured in edge-of-field runoff for 26 \"farm years\" (aggregate years of averaged station data from all 6 farms for varying monitoring periods). A relatively wide range of constituents typically found in agricultural runoff were measured: suspended sediment, phosphorus (total, particulate, dissolved reactive, and total dissolved), and nitrogen (total, nitrate plus nitrite, organic, ammonium, total Kjeldahl and total Kjeldahl-dissolved), chloride, total solids, total suspended solids, total volatile suspended solids, and total dissolved solids.\n\nMean annual precipitation was 32.8 inches for the study period, about 3 percent less than the 30-year mean. Overall mean annual runoff was 2.55 inches per year (about 8 percent of precipitation) and the distribution was nearly equal between periods of frozen ground (54 percent) and unfrozen ground (46 percent). Mean monthly runoff was highest during two periods: February to March and May to June. Ninety percent of annual runoff occurred between January and the end of June.\n\nEvent mean concentrations of suspended sediment in runoff during unfrozen-ground periods were significantly higher (p<0.05) than those during frozen-ground periods. Mean annual suspended-sediment yields ranged from about 3 to nearly 5,000 pounds per acre (lb/acre), with a mean yield of 667 lb/acre. Ninety percent of suspended sediment was yielded in runoff during unfrozen-ground periods. May and June alone contributed more than 80 percent of the overall yield.\n\nPhosphorus concentrations and yields were also affected by the ground conditions at the time of runoff; however, unlike suspended sediment, phosphorus was usually available for transport in runoff regardless of ground condition. Mean annual total-phosphorus yields ranged from 0.03 to 7.0 lb/acre, with a mean yield of about 2.0 lb/acre. Nitrogen in runoff followed similar patterns to phosphorus in that concentrations were highest during unfrozen-ground periods, yields were highest during months of highest runoff, and speciation was affected by the ground conditions at the time of runoff. Mean annual total-nitrogen yields ranged from 0.11 to 19.2 lb/acre, and the mean was 7.2 lb/acre. Mean monthly total-nitrogen yields were strongly correlated with mean monthly total-phosphorus yields (r2= 0.92), indicating that the sources of nitrogen and phosphorus in runoff were likely similar.\n\nAnalysis of runoff, concentration, and yield data on annual, monthly, and seasonal time scales, when combined with precipitation, soil moisture, soil temperature, and on-farm field-activity information, revealed conditions in which runoff was most likely. The analysis also revealed the effects that field conditions and the timing of field-management activities-most notably, manure applications and tillage-had on the quantity and quality of surface runoff from agricultural fields.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20115008","usgsCitation":"Stuntebeck, T.D., Komiskey, M.J., Peppler, M.C., Owens, D., and Frame, D.R., 2011, Precipitation-runoff relations and water-quality characteristics at edge-of-field stations, Discovery Farms and Pioneer Farm, Wisconsin, 2003-8: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5008, vii, 46 p.; Appendices 1-5 in Excel format and Excel Comma Separated Values format, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20115008.","productDescription":"vii, 46 p.; Appendices 1-5 in Excel format and Excel Comma Separated Values format","startPage":"i","endPage":"46","numberOfPages":"53","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116609,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2011_5008.jpg"},{"id":21817,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5008/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"state":"Wisconsin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -93,42 ], [ -93,48 ], [ -87,48 ], [ -87,42 ], [ -93,42 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad0e4b07f02db680852","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stuntebeck, Todd D. 0000-0002-8405-7295 tdstunte@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8405-7295","contributorId":902,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stuntebeck","given":"Todd","email":"tdstunte@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":350538,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Komiskey, Matthew J. 0000-0003-2962-6974 mjkomisk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2962-6974","contributorId":1776,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Komiskey","given":"Matthew","email":"mjkomisk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":350540,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Peppler, Marie C. 0000-0002-1120-9673 mpeppler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1120-9673","contributorId":825,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peppler","given":"Marie","email":"mpeppler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":350537,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Owens, David W. dwowens@usgs.gov","contributorId":3745,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Owens","given":"David W.","email":"dwowens@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":676,"text":"Wisconsin Water Resource Division","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":350539,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Frame, Dennis R.","contributorId":77282,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frame","given":"Dennis","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350541,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70004516,"text":"ofr20111076 - 2011 - Streamflow, water quality, and constituent loads and yields, Scituate Reservoir drainage area, Rhode Island, water year 2010","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:40","indexId":"ofr20111076","displayToPublicDate":"2011-05-27T19:09:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-1076","title":"Streamflow, water quality, and constituent loads and yields, Scituate Reservoir drainage area, Rhode Island, water year 2010","docAbstract":"Streamflow and water-quality data were collected by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) or the Providence Water Supply Board (PWSB), Rhode Island's largest drinking-water supplier. Streamflow was measured or estimated by the USGS following standard methods at 23 streamgages; 14 of these stations were also equipped with instrumentation capable of continuously monitoring specific conductance and water temperature. Streamflow and concentrations of sodium and chloride estimated from records of specific conductance were used to calculate loads of sodium and chloride during water year (WY) 2010 (October 1, 2009, to September 30, 2010). Water-quality samples also were collected at 37 sampling stations by the PWSB and at 14 monitoring stations by the USGS during WY 2010 as part of a long sampling program; all stations are in the Scituate Reservoir drainage area. Waterquality data collected by PWSB are summarized by using values of central tendency and are used, in combination with measured (or estimated) streamflows, to calculate loads and yields (loads per unit area) of selected water-quality constituents for WY 2010. The largest tributary to the reservoir (the Ponaganset River, which was monitored by the USGS) contributed a mean streamflow of about 39 cubic feet per second (ft3/s) to the reservoir during WY 2010. For the same time period, annual mean streamflows measured (or estimated) for the other monitoring stations in this study ranged from about 0.7 to 27 ft3/s. Together, tributary streams (equipped with instrumentation capable of continuously monitoring specific conductance) transported about 1,500,000 kilograms (kg) of sodium and 2,500,000 kg of chloride to the Scituate Reservoir during WY 2010; sodium and chloride yields for the tributaries ranged from 11,000 to 66,000 kilograms per square mile (kg/mi2) and from 18,000 to 110,000 kg/mi2, respectively. At the stations where water-quality samples were collected by the PWSB, the median of the median chloride concentrations was 20.2 milligrams per liter (mg/L), median nitrite concentration was 0.002 mg/L as nitrogen (N), median nitrate concentration was 0.01 mg/L as N, median orthophosphate concentration was 0.06 mg/L as phosphorus, and median concentrations of total coliform and Escherichia coli (E. coli) bacteria were 93 and 16 colony forming units per 100 milliliters (CFU/100mL), respectively. The medians of the median daily loads (and yields) of chloride, nitrite, nitrate, orthophosphate, and total coliform and E. coli bacteria were 170 kg/d (73 kg/d/mi2), 11 g/d (5.3 g/d/mi2), 74 g/d (39 g/d/mi2), 340 g/d (170 g/d/mi2), 5,700 million colony forming units per day (CFUx106/d) (2,300 CFUx106/d/mi2), and 620 CFUx106/d (440 CFUx106/d/mi2), respectively.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20111076","usgsCitation":"Smith, K.P., and Breault, R., 2011, Streamflow, water quality, and constituent loads and yields, Scituate Reservoir drainage area, Rhode Island, water year 2010: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1076, iv, 20 p.; Tables, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111076.","productDescription":"iv, 20 p.; Tables","startPage":"i","endPage":"26","numberOfPages":"30","costCenters":[{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116611,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2011_1076.gif"},{"id":21819,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1076/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"state":"Rhode Island","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -71.8,41.700833333333335 ], [ -71.8,41.93333333333333 ], [ -71,41.93333333333333 ], [ -71,41.700833333333335 ], [ -71.8,41.700833333333335 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1fe4b07f02db6ab732","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, Kirk P. 0000-0003-0269-474X kpsmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0269-474X","contributorId":1516,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Kirk","email":"kpsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":350543,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Breault, Robert F. 0000-0002-2517-407X rbreault@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2517-407X","contributorId":2219,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Breault","given":"Robert F.","email":"rbreault@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":350544,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70173876,"text":"70173876 - 2011 - Interrelationships between fish tissue mercury concentrations and water quality for South Dakota natural lakes and impoundments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-13T10:31:39","indexId":"70173876","displayToPublicDate":"2011-05-27T10:30:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3728,"text":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","onlineIssn":"1573-2932","printIssn":"0049-6979","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Interrelationships between fish tissue mercury concentrations and water quality for South Dakota natural lakes and impoundments","docAbstract":"The purpose of this study was to determine whether water quality parameters commonly associated with primary productivity may be used to predict the susceptibility of a specific water body to exceed proposed fish consumption advisory limitation of 0.3 mg kg−1. South Dakota currently has nine lakes and impoundments that exceed fish tissue mercury advisory limits of 1.0 mg kg−1 total mercury, far exceeding US Environmental Protection Agency and Food and Drug Administration 0.3 mg kg−1 consumption criteria. Previous studies suggest that increased aquatic productivity may mitigate the effects of biological production and subsequent uptake of methyl mercury through bio-dilution; however, it is uncertain whether these trends may exist within highly alkaline and highly productive aquatic conditions common to South Dakota lakes and impoundments. Water quality parameters and fish tissue mercury data for northern pike and walleye were collected and assessed using existing South Dakota Department of Environment and Natural Resources and Game Fish and Parks data. The data was initially screened using both parametric linear regression and non-parametric Mann–Whitney rank sum comparisons and further assessed using binary logistic regression and stepwise logistic regression methodology. Three separate phosphorus measurements (total, total dissolved, and Trophic State Index) and pH were determined to significantly correlate with increased mercury concentrations for the northern pike-in-impoundments model. However, phosphorus surprisingly was not a strong predictor for the remaining scenarios modeled. For the northern pike-in-natural lakes models, alkalinity was the most significant water quality parameter predicting increased mercury concentrations. Mercury concentrations for the walleye-in-natural lakes models were further influenced by pH and alkalinity. The water quality and fish tissue mercury interrelationships determined within this study suggest aquatic productivity, and consequential eutrophication processes appear to be reasonable indicators of fish tissue mercury susceptibility for aquatic conditions common to South Dakota and highlight the continuing need to minimize eutrophication through effective watershed management strategies.
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However, there has been substantial finer-scale heterogeneity; some lakes decreased in area, some showed no trend, and others increased. The objective of this study was to identify the primary mechanisms underlying heterogeneous trends in closed-basin lake area. Eight lake characteristics (δ18O, electrical conductivity, surface : volume index, bank slope, floating mat width, peat depth, thaw depth at shoreline, and thaw depth at the forest boundary) were compared for 15 lake pairs in Alaskan boreal forest where one lake had decreased in area since ∼1950, and the other had not. Mean differences in characteristics between paired lakes were used to identify the most likely of nine mechanistic scenarios that combined three potential mechanisms for decreasing lake area (talik drainage, surface water evaporation, and terrestrialization) with three potential mechanisms for nondecreasing lake area (subpermafrost groundwater recharge through an open talik, stable permafrost, and thermokarst). A priori expectations of the direction of mean differences between decreasing and nondecreasing paired lakes were generated for each scenario. Decreasing lakes had significantly greater electrical conductivity, greater surface : volume indices, shallower bank slopes, wider floating mats, greater peat depths, and shallower thaw depths at the forest boundary. These results indicated that the most likely scenario was terrestrialization as the mechanism for lake area reduction combined with thermokarst as the mechanism for nondecreasing lake area. Terrestrialization and thermokarst may have been enhanced by recent warming which has both accelerated permafrost thawing and lengthened the growing season, thereby increasing plant growth, floating mat encroachment, transpiration rates, and the accumulation of organic matter in lake basins. The transition to peatlands associated with terrestrialization may provide a transient increase in carbon storage enhancing the role of northern ecosystems as major stores of global carbon.
","language":"English","publisher":"Blackwell Science","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2486.2011.02446.x","usgsCitation":"Roach, J., Griffith, B., Verbyla, D., and Jones, J.B., 2011, Mechanisms influencing changes in lake area in Alaskan boreal forest: Global Change Biology, v. 17, no. 8, p. 2567-2583, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2011.02446.x.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"2567","endPage":"2583","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-022219","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":324242,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -158.9501953125,\n 62.85514553774182\n ],\n [\n -158.9501953125,\n 66.87834504307976\n ],\n [\n -142.294921875,\n 66.87834504307976\n ],\n [\n -142.294921875,\n 62.85514553774182\n ],\n [\n -158.9501953125,\n 62.85514553774182\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"17","issue":"8","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-05-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"576bb6b8e4b07657d1a22902","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Roach, Jennifer K.","contributorId":30861,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roach","given":"Jennifer K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":640410,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Griffith, Brad 0000-0001-8698-6859","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8698-6859","contributorId":82571,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Griffith","given":"Brad","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":108,"text":"Alaska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":640411,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Verbyla, David","contributorId":87795,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Verbyla","given":"David","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":640412,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jones, Jeremy B.","contributorId":113650,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"Jeremy","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":640413,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":99284,"text":"ofr20111125 - 2011 - Threats of habitat and water-quality degradation to mussel diversity in the Meramec River Basin, Missouri, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-07-09T15:47:36","indexId":"ofr20111125","displayToPublicDate":"2011-05-25T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-1125","title":"Threats of habitat and water-quality degradation to mussel diversity in the Meramec River Basin, Missouri, USA","docAbstract":"The Meramec River Basin in east-central Missouri is an important stronghold for native freshwater mussels (Order: Unionoida) in the United States. Whereas the basin supports more than 40 mussel species, previous studies indicate that the abundance and distribution of most species are declining. Therefore, resource managers have identified the need to prioritize threats to native mussel populations in the basin and to design a mussel monitoring program. The objective of this study was to identify threats of habitat and water-quality degradation to mussel diversity in the basin. Affected habitat parameters considered as the main threats to mussel conservation included excess sedimentation, altered stream geomorphology and flow, effects on riparian vegetation and condition, impoundments, and invasive non-native species. Evaluating water-quality parameters for conserving mussels was a main focus of this study. Mussel toxicity data for chemical contaminants were compared to national water quality criteria (NWQC) and Missouri water quality standards (MWQS). However, NWQC and MWQS have not been developed for many chemical contaminants and some MWQS may not be protective of native mussel populations. Toxicity data indicated that mussels are sensitive to ammonia, copper, temperature, certain pesticides, pharmaceuticals, and personal care products; these compounds were identified as the priority water-quality parameters for mussel conservation in the basin. Measures to conserve mussel diversity in the basin include expanding the species and life stages of mussels and the list of chemical contaminants that have been assessed, establishing a long term mussel monitoring program that measures physical and chemical parameters of high priority, conducting landscape scale modeling to predict mussel distributions, determining sublethal effects of primary contaminants of concern, deriving risk-based guidance values for mussel conservation, and assessing the effects of wastewater treatment plants and non-point source pollution on mussels. A critical next step to further prioritize these needs is to conduct a watershed risk assessment using local data (for example, land use, flow) when available.\r\n","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20111125","collaboration":"A report to the Missouri Department of Conservation","usgsCitation":"Hinck, J.E., Ingersoll, C.G., Wang, N., Augspurger, T., Barnhart, M., McMurray, S., Roberts, A.D., and Schrader, L., 2011, Threats of habitat and water-quality degradation to mussel diversity in the Meramec River Basin, Missouri, USA: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1125, vi, 18 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111125.","productDescription":"vi, 18 p.","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34983,"text":"Contaminant Biology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116647,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2011_1125.jpg"},{"id":204783,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1125/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":334505,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1125/pdf/of2011_1125.pdf","size":"529 kB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -92,37.25 ], [ -92,38.75 ], [ -90,38.75 ], [ -90,37.25 ], [ -92,37.25 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a54e4b07f02db62bc58","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hinck, Jo Ellen 0000-0002-4912-5766","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4912-5766","contributorId":38507,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hinck","given":"Jo","email":"","middleInitial":"Ellen","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307998,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ingersoll, Christopher G. 0000-0003-4531-5949 cingersoll@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4531-5949","contributorId":2071,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ingersoll","given":"Christopher","email":"cingersoll@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":307995,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wang, Ning 0000-0002-2846-3352 nwang@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2846-3352","contributorId":2818,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wang","given":"Ning","email":"nwang@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":307996,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Augspurger, Tom","contributorId":63921,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Augspurger","given":"Tom","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308001,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Barnhart, M. Christopher","contributorId":78061,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barnhart","given":"M. 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It covers an area of about 28,700 km2, and includes parts of eight 1:250,000-scale quadrangles. The mapped area generally terminates at NNP boundaries, which generally follow the sharp divides that separate the Noatak drainage system from north-flowing drainages of the Alaskan North Slope and south-flowing tributaries to the Kobuk River. The mapping extends short distances beyond those boundaries where passes across divides were traversed by glaciers issuing from the Noatak drainage or by overflow waters from glacial lakes. Along the western edge of the map, where the NNP boundary is unrelated to topographic features, I have extended the mapping to the nearest natural boundary, the active channel of the Noatak River, and have mapped beyond that limit only in places where surficial deposits are essential for understanding regional geology.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sim3036","collaboration":"In cooperation with the National Park Service","usgsCitation":"Hamilton, T.D., 2011, Surficial geologic map of the Noatak National Preserve, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3036, Pamphlet: iii, 21 p.; 1 Plate: 50.00 × 39.00 inches; Readme; Metadata, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3036.","productDescription":"Pamphlet: iii, 21 p.; 1 Plate: 50.00 × 39.00 inches; Readme; Metadata","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116210,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sim_3036.jpg"},{"id":398851,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_95204.htm"},{"id":204781,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3036/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"250000","country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Noatak National Preserve","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -163.1033,\n 67\n ],\n [\n -155.8636,\n 67\n ],\n [\n -155.8636,\n 68.6486\n ],\n [\n -163.1033,\n 68.6486\n ],\n [\n -163.1033,\n 67\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae2e4b07f02db688d7b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hamilton, Thomas D.","contributorId":91474,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hamilton","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307987,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70004492,"text":"ofr20111050 - 2011 - An evaluation of traditional and emerging remote sensing technologies for the detection of fugitive contamination at selected Superfund hazardous waste sites","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-17T12:57:48","indexId":"ofr20111050","displayToPublicDate":"2011-05-23T18:24:07","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-1050","title":"An evaluation of traditional and emerging remote sensing technologies for the detection of fugitive contamination at selected Superfund hazardous waste sites","docAbstract":"This report represents a remote sensing research effort conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) for the EPA Office of Inspector General. The objective of this investigation was to explore the efficacy of remote sensing as a technology for postclosure monitoring of hazardous waste sites as defined under the Comprehensive Environmental Response Compensation and Liability Act of 1980 (Public Law 96-510, 42 U.S.C. §9601 et seq.), also known as \\\"Superfund.\\\"\n\nFive delisted Superfund sites in Maryland and Virginia were imaged with a hyperspectral sensor and visited for collection of soil, water, and spectral samples and inspection of general site conditions.\n\nThis report evaluates traditional and hyperspectral imagery and field spectroscopic measurement techniques in the characterization and analysis of fugitive (anthropogenic, uncontrolled) contamination at previously remediated hazardous waste disposal sites.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20111050","usgsCitation":"Slonecker, E.T., and Fisher, G.B., 2011, An evaluation of traditional and emerging remote sensing technologies for the detection of fugitive contamination at selected Superfund hazardous waste sites: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1050, iv, 16 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111050.","productDescription":"iv, 16 p.","startPage":"i","endPage":"16","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[{"id":512,"text":"Office of the Regional Executive Southeast Area","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116228,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2011_1050.gif"},{"id":21812,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1050/","size":"888","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"state":"Virginia;Maryl","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad8e4b07f02db6847f3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Slonecker, E. Terrence 0000-0002-5793-0503","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5793-0503","contributorId":67175,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Slonecker","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"Terrence","affiliations":[{"id":36171,"text":"National Civil Applications Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":350499,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fisher, Gary B. gfisher@usgs.gov","contributorId":3034,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisher","given":"Gary","email":"gfisher@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":350498,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70004491,"text":"sir20105213 - 2011 - Use of multidimensional modeling to evaluate a channel restoration design for the Kootenai River, Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-17T12:57:00","indexId":"sir20105213","displayToPublicDate":"2011-05-23T18:24:07","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-5213","title":"Use of multidimensional modeling to evaluate a channel restoration design for the Kootenai River, Idaho","docAbstract":"River channel construction projects aimed at restoring or improving degraded waterways have become common but have been variously successful. In this report a methodology is proposed to evaluate channel designs before channels are built by using multidimensional modeling and analysis. This approach allows detailed analysis of water-surface profiles, sediment transport, and aquatic habitat that may result if the design is implemented. The method presented here addresses the need to model a range of potential stream-discharge and channel-roughness conditions to best assess the function of the design channel for a suite of possible conditions. This methodology is demonstrated by using a preliminary channel-restoration design proposed for a part of the Kootenai River in northern Idaho designated as critical habitat for the endangered white sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus) and evaluating the design on the basis of simulations with the Flow and Sediment Transport with Morphologic Evolution of Channels (FaSTMECH) model. This evaluation indicated substantial problems with the preliminary design because boundary conditions used in the design were inconsistent with best estimates of future conditions. As a result, simulated water-surface levels did not meet target levels that corresponded to the designed bankfull surfaces; therefore, the flood plain would not function as intended. Sediment-transport analyses indicated that both the current channel of the Kootenai River and the design channel are largely unable to move the bed material through the reach at bankfull discharge. Therefore, sediment delivered to the design channel would likely be deposited within the reach instead of passing through it as planned. Consequently, the design channel geometry would adjust through time. Despite these issues, the design channel would provide more aquatic habitat suitable for spawning white sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus) at lower discharges than is currently available in the Kootenai River. The evaluation methodology identified potential problems with the design channel that can be addressed through design modifications to better meet project objectives before channel construction.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20105213","usgsCitation":"Logan, B., McDonald, R.R., Nelson, J.M., Kinzel, P., and Barton, G.J., 2011, Use of multidimensional modeling to evaluate a channel restoration design for the Kootenai River, Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2010-5213, vi, 30 p.; Appendices, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20105213.","productDescription":"vi, 30 p.; Appendices","startPage":"i","endPage":"68","numberOfPages":"74","costCenters":[{"id":145,"text":"Branch of Regional Research-Central Region","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116227,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2010_5213.png"},{"id":21813,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5213/","size":"106","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"100000","projection":"Albers Equal-Area projection","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -118,47.916666666666664 ], [ -118,50 ], [ -114.5,50 ], [ -114.5,47.916666666666664 ], [ -118,47.916666666666664 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adae4b07f02db685887","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Logan, B.L.","contributorId":17349,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Logan","given":"B.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350493,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McDonald, R. R.","contributorId":72810,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McDonald","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350497,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nelson, J. M.","contributorId":68687,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350496,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kinzel, P.J.","contributorId":27834,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kinzel","given":"P.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350494,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Barton, G. J.","contributorId":58660,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barton","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350495,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":99278,"text":"fs20113056 - 2011 - Amphibian monitoring in the Atchafalaya Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-07-10T09:41:15","indexId":"fs20113056","displayToPublicDate":"2011-05-23T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-3056","title":"Amphibian monitoring in the Atchafalaya Basin","docAbstract":"Amphibians are a diverse group of animals that includes frogs, toads, and salamanders. They are adapted to living in a variety of habitats, but most require water for at least one life stage. Amphibians have recently become a worldwide conservation concern because of declines and extinctions even in remote protected areas previously thought to be safe from the pressures of habitat loss and degradation. Amphibians are an important part of ecosystem dynamics because they can be quite abundant and serve both as a predator of smaller organisms and as prey to a suite of vertebrate predators. Their permeable skin and aquatic life history also make them useful as indicators of ecosystem health. Since 2002, the U.S. Geological Survey has been studying the frog and toad species inhabiting the Atchafalaya Basin to monitor for population declines and to better understand how the species are potentially affected by disease, environmental contaminants, and climate change.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20113056","usgsCitation":"Waddle, H., 2011, Amphibian monitoring in the Atchafalaya Basin: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2011-3056, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20113056.","productDescription":"4 p.","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116604,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2011_3056.gif"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","otherGeospatial":"Atchafalaya Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -91.20231628417969,\n 29.45095858783464\n ],\n [\n -91.03477478027344,\n 29.76020487319709\n ],\n [\n -91.07803344726562,\n 29.91744738134912\n ],\n [\n -91.13365173339844,\n 29.973970240516614\n ],\n [\n -91.23184204101562,\n 30.141564433484245\n ],\n [\n -91.52091979980469,\n 30.49838443460377\n ],\n [\n -91.72416687011719,\n 30.873350889341463\n ],\n [\n -91.65138244628906,\n 31.047639650542493\n ],\n [\n -91.72691345214844,\n 31.058816234869845\n ],\n [\n -91.72142028808594,\n 31.07234402771503\n ],\n [\n -91.72760009765624,\n 31.087045967727317\n ],\n [\n -91.71455383300781,\n 31.10174563355067\n ],\n [\n -91.70768737792969,\n 31.11232798442006\n ],\n [\n -91.71455383300781,\n 31.117030872885582\n ],\n [\n -91.71936035156249,\n 31.139366410772183\n ],\n [\n -91.71043395996094,\n 31.156408414557\n ],\n [\n -91.86149597167969,\n 31.144067959181374\n ],\n [\n -91.90406799316406,\n 31.12996261467074\n ],\n [\n -91.94114685058594,\n 30.97231057216355\n ],\n [\n -91.94526672363281,\n 30.888083515609047\n ],\n [\n -91.93702697753906,\n 30.743016025803318\n ],\n [\n -91.92878723144531,\n 30.56758209727092\n ],\n [\n -91.87934875488281,\n 30.24839093066276\n ],\n [\n -91.83540344238281,\n 30.170062829919026\n ],\n [\n -91.75712585449219,\n 29.935300175389155\n ],\n [\n -91.70631408691406,\n 29.885899621696247\n ],\n [\n -91.68502807617188,\n 29.83230508134241\n ],\n [\n -91.73652648925781,\n 29.75305160846185\n ],\n [\n -91.71936035156249,\n 29.736358672141947\n ],\n [\n -91.63421630859374,\n 29.742916942840562\n ],\n [\n -91.61911010742188,\n 29.73397374010606\n ],\n [\n -91.65000915527342,\n 29.635545914466675\n ],\n [\n -91.56829833984375,\n 29.6385299915468\n ],\n [\n -91.55731201171875,\n 29.634949088440198\n ],\n [\n -91.53053283691406,\n 29.554942428835226\n ],\n [\n -91.54289245605469,\n 29.527462833135317\n ],\n [\n -91.47010803222655,\n 29.540606180339232\n ],\n [\n -91.48727416992188,\n 29.5232805008286\n ],\n [\n -91.47560119628906,\n 29.50236624615108\n ],\n [\n -91.4234161376953,\n 29.48622944038446\n ],\n [\n -91.37397766113281,\n 29.501171015368538\n ],\n [\n -91.35337829589842,\n 29.42823527382008\n ],\n [\n -91.33071899414062,\n 29.385166630602114\n ],\n [\n -91.27029418945312,\n 29.411488525318664\n ],\n [\n -91.20231628417969,\n 29.45095858783464\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adce4b07f02db6867a2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Waddle, Hardin 0000-0003-1940-2133 waddleh@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1940-2133","contributorId":2911,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waddle","given":"Hardin","email":"waddleh@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":307963,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":99277,"text":"ofr20111098 - 2011 - U.S. Geological Survey protocol for sample collection in response to the Deepwater Horizon oil spill, Gulf of Mexico, 2010: Sampling methods for water, sediment, benthic invertebrates, and microorganisms in coastal environments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-03T20:38:31.948243","indexId":"ofr20111098","displayToPublicDate":"2011-05-23T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-1098","title":"U.S. Geological Survey protocol for sample collection in response to the Deepwater Horizon oil spill, Gulf of Mexico, 2010: Sampling methods for water, sediment, benthic invertebrates, and microorganisms in coastal environments","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20111098","usgsCitation":"Wilde, F.D., and Skrobialowski, S.C., 2011, U.S. Geological Survey protocol for sample collection in response to the Deepwater Horizon oil spill, Gulf of Mexico, 2010: Sampling methods for water, sediment, benthic invertebrates, and microorganisms in coastal environments: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1098, viii, 101 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111098.","productDescription":"viii, 101 p.","costCenters":[{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116895,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2011_1098.gif"},{"id":392465,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_95210.htm"},{"id":204779,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1098/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Alabama, Florida, Louisiana, Mississippi, Texas","otherGeospatial":"Gulf of Mexico","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -98.701171875,\n 26.27371402440643\n ],\n [\n -81.03515625,\n 26.27371402440643\n ],\n [\n -81.03515625,\n 31.240985378021307\n ],\n [\n -98.701171875,\n 31.240985378021307\n ],\n [\n -98.701171875,\n 26.27371402440643\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2ae4b07f02db61221a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wilde, Franceska D. fwilde@usgs.gov","contributorId":92240,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilde","given":"Franceska","email":"fwilde@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307962,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Skrobialowski, Stanley C. 0000-0001-8627-0279 sski@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8627-0279","contributorId":1402,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Skrobialowski","given":"Stanley","email":"sski@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":307961,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":99281,"text":"sir20115039 - 2011 - Estimated probabilities and volumes of postwildfire debris flows, a prewildfire evaluation for the upper Blue River watershed, Summit County, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:58","indexId":"sir20115039","displayToPublicDate":"2011-05-23T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-5039","title":"Estimated probabilities and volumes of postwildfire debris flows, a prewildfire evaluation for the upper Blue River watershed, Summit County, Colorado","docAbstract":"Debris flows resulting from rainfall on recently burned, rugged, forested areas create potential hazards to life, property, infrastructure, and water resources. The location, extent, and severity of wildfire and the subsequent rainfall intensity and duration cannot be known in advance. However, hypothetical scenarios based on empirical debris-flow models are useful planning tools for conceptualizing potential postwildfire effects. A prewildfire study to determine the potential for postwildfire debris flows in the upper Blue River watershed in Summit County, Colorado, was conducted in 2009 by the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Town of Breckenridge, to provide Breckenridge with a relative measure of which subwatersheds might constitute the most serious debris-flow hazards. \nPotential postwildfire debris-flow probabilities and volumes for nine primary watersheds tributary to the upper Blue River and 50 subwatersheds located within and adjacent to the primary watersheds were estimated by using empirical debris-flow models. An assumption in the debris-flow models was that a moderate to severe wildfire affected 100 percent of the forest and shrub stands within the area. Three postwildfire precipitation scenarios were used to represent a range of likely precipitation scenarios that could occur shortly after a wildfire: a 2-year recurrence, 1-hour-duration rainfall; a 10-year recurrence, 1-hour-duration rainfall; and a 25-year recurrence, 1-hour-duration rainfall. All of these precipitation scenarios resulted in debris flows from the hypothetically burned watersheds. \nSubwatersheds with the lowest postwildfire debris-flow probabilities tended to have large areas of alpine and subalpine vegetation or sparse forest cover that would be minimally affected by wildfire. Subwatersheds with the highest probabilities tended to be steep, heavily forested, and relatively small in drainage area. Subwatersheds with the smallest estimated postwildfire debris-flow volumes tended to have small drainage areas, relatively little forest cover, less rugged topography, or were located in alpine and subalpine areas. Subwatersheds with the highest estimated debris-flow volumes were those with the largest drainage areas.\nThe subwatersheds with the greatest potential postwildfire and postprecipitation hazards are those with both high probabilities of debris-flow occurrence and large estimated volumes of debris-flow material. The high probabilities of postwildfire debris flows, the associated large estimated debris-flow volumes, and the densely populated areas along the creeks and near the outlets of the primary watersheds indicate that Indiana, Pennsylvania, and Spruce Creeks are associated with a relatively high combined debris-flow hazard.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20115039","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Town of Breckenridge, Colorado","usgsCitation":"Elliott, J.G., Flynn, J.L., Bossong, C.R., and Char, S.J., 2011, Estimated probabilities and volumes of postwildfire debris flows, a prewildfire evaluation for the upper Blue River watershed, Summit County, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5039, iv, 22 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20115039.","productDescription":"iv, 22 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116602,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2011_5039.bmp"},{"id":14681,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5039/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"100000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator Projection","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -106.11777777777777,39.38333333333333 ], [ -106.11777777777777,39.35 ], [ -105.5,39.35 ], [ -105.5,39.38333333333333 ], [ -106.11777777777777,39.38333333333333 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ce4b07f02db5fcd48","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Elliott, John G. jelliott@usgs.gov","contributorId":832,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elliott","given":"John","email":"jelliott@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":307983,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Flynn, Jennifer L.","contributorId":66298,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flynn","given":"Jennifer","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307985,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bossong, Clifford R.","contributorId":83183,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bossong","given":"Clifford","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307986,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Char, Stephen J. sjchar@usgs.gov","contributorId":3982,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Char","given":"Stephen","email":"sjchar@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":307984,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":99275,"text":"ofr20111123 - 2011 - Estimation of bed-material transport in the lower Chetco River, Oregon, water years 2009-2010","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-04-29T10:18:54","indexId":"ofr20111123","displayToPublicDate":"2011-05-20T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-1123","title":"Estimation of bed-material transport in the lower Chetco River, Oregon, water years 2009-2010","docAbstract":"This assessment of bed-material transport uses methods developed in a previous study (Wallick and others, 2010) to estimate bed-material flux at the USGS Chetco River streamflow gaging station located at flood-plain kilometer 15 (14400000). On the basis of regressions between daily mean flow and transport capacity, daily bed-material flux was calculated for the period October 1, 2008 to March 30, 2011. The daily flux estimates were then aggregated by water year (WY) for WY 2009 and WY 2010 and the period April 1-March 31 during 2008-09, 2009-10 and 2010-11. The main findings were: \n\n*Estimated bed-material flux for WY 2009 (October 1, 2008 to September 30, 2009) was 87,300 metric tons as calculated by the Parker (1990a, b) equation (hereinafter \\'the Parker equation\\') and 116,900 metric tons as calculated by the Wilcock and Crowe (2003) equation (hereinafter \\'the Wilcock-Crowe equation\\'). \n*Estimated bed-material flux for water year 2010 (October 1, 2008 to September 30, 2009) was 56,800 metric tons as calculated by the Parker equation and 96,700 metric tons as calculated by the Wilcock-Crowe equation. \n*Estimated bed-material flux for April 1, 2008, to March 31, 2009, was 84,700 metric tons as calculated by the Parker equation and 111,700 metric tons as calculated by the Wilcock-Crowe equation. Flux values from April 1 to September 30, 2008, are from Wallick and others (2010). \n*Estimated bed-material flux for April 1, 2009, to March 31, 2010, was 45,500 metric tons as calculated by the Parker equation and 79,100 metric tons as calculated by the Wilcock-Crowe equation. \n*Estimated bed-material flux for April 1, 2010, to March 31, 2011, was 67,100 metric tons as calculated by the Parker equation and 134,300 metric tons as calculated by the Wilcock-Crowe equation. These calculations used provisional flow data for December 29, 2010, to March 31, 2011, and may be subject to revision. \n*Water years 2009 and 2010 both had less bed-material transport than the average annual transport values of 105,300 and 152,300 metric tons for the period 1970-2010 as calculated by the Parker and Wilcock-Crowe equations, respectively.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20111123","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and the Oregon Department of State Lands\r\n","usgsCitation":"Wallick, J., and O'Connor, J., 2011, Estimation of bed-material transport in the lower Chetco River, Oregon, water years 2009-2010: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1123, vi, 12 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111123.","productDescription":"vi, 12 p.","numberOfPages":"21","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116908,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2011_1123.gif"},{"id":204777,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1123/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Chetco River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -124.30240631103514,\n 42.03679931146698\n ],\n [\n -124.1513442993164,\n 42.03679931146698\n ],\n [\n -124.1513442993164,\n 42.14125958838083\n ],\n [\n -124.30240631103514,\n 42.14125958838083\n ],\n [\n -124.30240631103514,\n 42.03679931146698\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e0e4b07f02db5e4788","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wallick, J. Rose 0000-0002-9392-272X rosewall@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9392-272X","contributorId":3583,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wallick","given":"J. Rose","email":"rosewall@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":307955,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"O'Connor, Jim E. 0000-0002-7928-5883 oconnor@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7928-5883","contributorId":140771,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O'Connor","given":"Jim E.","email":"oconnor@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":307956,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":99271,"text":"ofr20111073 - 2011 - Global multi-resolution terrain elevation data 2010 (GMTED2010)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:58","indexId":"ofr20111073","displayToPublicDate":"2011-05-20T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-1073","title":"Global multi-resolution terrain elevation data 2010 (GMTED2010)","docAbstract":"In 1996, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) developed a global topographic elevation model designated as GTOPO30 at a horizontal resolution of 30 arc-seconds for the entire Earth. Because no single source of topographic information covered the entire land surface, GTOPO30 was derived from eight raster and vector sources that included a substantial amount of U.S. Defense Mapping Agency data. The quality of the elevation data in GTOPO30 varies widely; there are no spatially-referenced metadata, and the major topographic features such as ridgelines and valleys are not well represented. Despite its coarse resolution and limited attributes, GTOPO30 has been widely used for a variety of hydrological, climatological, and geomorphological applications as well as military applications, where a regional, continental, or global scale topographic model is required. These applications have ranged from delineating drainage networks and watersheds to using digital elevation data for the extraction of topographic structure and three-dimensional (3D) visualization exercises (Jenson and Domingue, 1988; Verdin and Greenlee, 1996; Lehner and others, 2008). Many of the fundamental geophysical processes active at the Earth's surface are controlled or strongly influenced by topography, thus the critical need for high-quality terrain data (Gesch, 1994). U.S. Department of Defense requirements for mission planning, geographic registration of remotely sensed imagery, terrain visualization, and map production are similarly dependent on global topographic data.\r\n\r\nSince the time GTOPO30 was completed, the availability of higher-quality elevation data over large geographic areas has improved markedly. New data sources include global Digital Terrain Elevation Data (DTEDRegistered) from the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM), Canadian elevation data, and data from the Ice, Cloud, and land Elevation Satellite (ICESat). Given the widespread use of GTOPO30 and the equivalent 30-arc-second DTEDRegistered level 0, the USGS and the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (NGA) have collaborated to produce an enhanced replacement for GTOPO30, the Global Land One-km Base Elevation (GLOBE) model and other comparable 30-arc-second-resolution global models, using the best available data. The new model is called the Global Multi-resolution Terrain Elevation Data 2010, or GMTED2010 for short. This suite of products at three different resolutions (approximately 1,000, 500, and 250 meters) is designed to support many applications directly by providing users with generic products (for example, maximum, minimum, and median elevations) that have been derived directly from the raw input data that would not be available to the general user or would be very costly and time-consuming to produce for individual applications. The source of all the elevation data is captured in metadata for reference purposes. It is also hoped that as better data become available in the future, the GMTED2010 model will be updated.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20111073","usgsCitation":"Danielson, J.J., and Gesch, D.B., 2011, Global multi-resolution terrain elevation data 2010 (GMTED2010): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1073, iv, 23 p.; Appendix, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111073.","productDescription":"iv, 23 p.; Appendix","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116894,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2011_1073.jpg"},{"id":204774,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1073/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abee4b07f02db674b19","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Danielson, Jeffrey J. 0000-0003-0907-034X daniels@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0907-034X","contributorId":3996,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Danielson","given":"Jeffrey","email":"daniels@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":307951,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gesch, Dean B. 0000-0002-8992-4933 gesch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8992-4933","contributorId":2956,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gesch","given":"Dean","email":"gesch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":307950,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70157170,"text":"70157170 - 2011 - Well log characterization of natural gas hydrates","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-10-26T16:41:33.343365","indexId":"70157170","displayToPublicDate":"2011-05-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Well log characterization of natural gas hydrates","docAbstract":"In the last 25 years we have seen significant advancements in the use of downhole well logging tools to acquire detailed information on the occurrence of gas hydrate in nature: From an early start of using wireline electrical resistivity and acoustic logs to identify gas hydrate occurrences in wells drilled in Arctic permafrost environments to today where wireline and advanced logging-while-drilling tools are routinely used to examine the petrophysical nature of gas hydrate reservoirs and the distribution and concentration of gas hydrates within various complex reservoir systems. The most established and well known use of downhole log data in gas hydrate research is the use of electrical resistivity and acoustic velocity data (both compressional- and shear-wave data) to make estimates of gas hydrate content (i.e., reservoir saturations) in various sediment types and geologic settings. New downhole logging tools designed to make directionally oriented acoustic and propagation resistivity log measurements have provided the data needed to analyze the acoustic and electrical anisotropic properties of both highly inter-bedded and fracture dominated gas hydrate reservoirs. Advancements in nuclear-magnetic-resonance (NMR) logging and wireline formation testing have also allowed for the characterization of gas hydrate at the pore scale. Integrated NMR and formation testing studies from northern Canada and Alaska have yielded valuable insight into how gas hydrates are physically distributed in sediments and the occurrence and nature of pore fluids (i.e., free-water along with clay and capillary bound water) in gas-hydrate-bearing reservoirs. Information on the distribution of gas hydrate at the pore scale has provided invaluable insight on the mechanisms controlling the formation and occurrence of gas hydrate in nature along with data on gas hydrate reservoir properties (i.e., permeabilities) needed to accurately predict gas production rates for various gas hydrate production schemes.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"SPWLA 52nd Annual Logging Symposium","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"SPWLA 52nd Annual Logging Symposium","conferenceDate":"May 14-18 2011","conferenceLocation":"Colorado Springs, CO","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Petrophysicists and Well-Log Analysts","usgsCitation":"Collett, T.S., and Lee, M.W., 2011, Well log characterization of natural gas hydrates, in SPWLA 52nd Annual Logging Symposium, Colorado Springs, CO, May 14-18 2011, 16 p.","productDescription":"16 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-028902","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":308073,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"560bb720e4b058f706e53fa6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Collett, Timothy S. 0000-0002-7598-4708 tcollett@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7598-4708","contributorId":1698,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collett","given":"Timothy","email":"tcollett@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":572120,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lee, Myung W. mlee@usgs.gov","contributorId":779,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"Myung","email":"mlee@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":572121,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":99265,"text":"sir20115018 - 2011 - Recent (2008-10) concentrations and isotopic compositions of nitrate and concentrations of wastewater compounds in the Barton Springs zone, south-central Texas, and their potential relation to urban development in the contributing zone","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-11T15:47:08","indexId":"sir20115018","displayToPublicDate":"2011-05-17T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-5018","title":"Recent (2008-10) concentrations and isotopic compositions of nitrate and concentrations of wastewater compounds in the Barton Springs zone, south-central Texas, and their potential relation to urban development in the contributing zone","docAbstract":"During 2008–10, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the City of Austin, the City of Dripping Springs, the Barton Springs/Edwards Aquifer Conservation District, the Lower Colorado River Authority, Hays County, and Travis County, collected and analyzed water samples from five streams (Barton, Williamson, Slaughter, Bear, and Onion Creeks), two groundwater wells (Marbridge well [YD–58–50–704] and Buda well [LR–58–58–403]), and the main orifice of Barton Springs in Austin, Texas, with the objective of characterizing concentrations and isotopic compositions of nitrate and concentrations of wastewater compounds in the Barton Springs zone. The Barton Springs zone is in south-central Texas, an area undergoing rapid growth in population and in land area affected by development, with associated increases in wastewater generation. Over a period of 17 months, during which the hydrologic conditions transitioned from dry to wet, samples were collected routinely from the streams, wells, and spring and, in response to storms, from the streams and spring; some or all samples were analyzed for nitrate, nitrogen and oxygen isotopes of nitrate, and wastewater compounds. The median nitrate concentrations in routine samples from all sites were higher in samples collected during the wet period than in samples collected during the dry period, with the greatest difference for stream samples (0.05 milligram per liter during the dry period to 0.96 milligram per liter for the wet period). Nitrate concentrations in recent (2008–10) samples were elevated relative to concentrations in historical (1990–2008) samples from streams and from Barton Springs under medium- and high-flow conditions. Recent nitrate concentrations were higher than historical concentrations at the Marbridge well but the reverse was true at the Buda well. The elevated concentrations likely are related to the cessation of dry conditions coupled with increased nitrogen loading in the contributing watersheds. An isotopic composition of nitrate (delta nitrogen–15) greater than 8 per mil in many of the samples indicated there was a contribution of nitrate with a biogenic (human and or animal waste, or both) origin. Wastewater compounds measured in routine samples were detected infrequently (3 percent of cases), and concentrations were very low (less than the method reporting level in most cases). There was no correlation between nitrate concentrations and the frequency of detection of wastewater compounds, indicating that wastewater compounds might be undergoing removal during such processes as infiltration through soil. Three potential sources of biogenic nitrate to the contributing zone were considered: septic systems, land application of treated wastewater, and domesticated dogs and cats. During 2001–10, the estimated densities of septic systems and domesticated dogs and cats (number per acre) increased in the watersheds of all five creeks, and the rate of land application of treated wastewater (gallons per day per acre) increased in the watersheds of Barton, Bear, and Onion Creeks. Considering the timing and location of the increases in the three sources, septic systems were considered a likely source of increased nitrate to Bear Creek; land application of treated wastewater a likely source to Barton, Bear, and Onion Creeks; and domestic dogs and cats a potential source principally to Williamson Creek. The results of this investigation indicate that baseline water quality, in terms of nitrate, has shifted upward between 2001 and 2010, even without any direct discharges of treated wastewater to the creeks.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20115018","collaboration":"In cooperation with the City of Austin, City of Dripping Springs, Barton Springs/Edwards Aquifer Conservation District, Lower Colorado River Authority, Hays County, and Travis County","usgsCitation":"Mahler, B., Musgrove, M., Herrington, C., and Sample, T.L., 2011, Recent (2008-10) concentrations and isotopic compositions of nitrate and concentrations of wastewater compounds in the Barton Springs zone, south-central Texas, and their potential relation to urban development in the contributing zone: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5018, vi, 39 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20115018.","productDescription":"vi, 39 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116955,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2011_5018.gif"},{"id":115731,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5018/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","otherGeospatial":"Central Texas","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -97.76458740234375,\n 30.267370168467806\n ],\n [\n -97.85385131835938,\n 30.322507751454424\n ],\n [\n -97.9266357421875,\n 30.322507751454424\n ],\n [\n -97.96783447265625,\n 30.31895142366329\n ],\n [\n -98.09074401855469,\n 30.30294635121175\n ],\n [\n -98.16215515136719,\n 30.278044377800153\n ],\n [\n -98.21090698242188,\n 30.234154095850688\n ],\n [\n -98.23219299316406,\n 30.17599895913958\n ],\n [\n -98.14224243164062,\n 30.073253543030656\n ],\n [\n -97.88200378417969,\n 30.023921574501376\n ],\n [\n -97.73574829101562,\n 30.248984087355694\n ],\n [\n -97.76458740234375,\n 30.267370168467806\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a7ee4b07f02db64864e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mahler, Barbara 0000-0002-9150-9552 bjmahler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9150-9552","contributorId":1249,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mahler","given":"Barbara","email":"bjmahler@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":307933,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Musgrove, MaryLynn","contributorId":34878,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Musgrove","given":"MaryLynn","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307936,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Herrington, Chris","contributorId":9221,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herrington","given":"Chris","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307934,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sample, Thomas L.","contributorId":24902,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sample","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307935,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":99264,"text":"fs20113014 - 2011 - Using models for the optimization of hydrologic monitoring","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:13","indexId":"fs20113014","displayToPublicDate":"2011-05-17T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-3014","title":"Using models for the optimization of hydrologic monitoring","docAbstract":"Hydrologists are often asked what kind of monitoring network can most effectively support science-based water-resources management decisions. Currently (2011), hydrologic monitoring locations often are selected by addressing observation gaps in the existing network or non-science issues such as site access. A model might then be calibrated to available data and applied to a prediction of interest (regardless of how well-suited that model is for the prediction). However, modeling tools are available that can inform which locations and types of data provide the most 'bang for the buck' for a specified prediction. Put another way, the hydrologist can determine which observation data most reduce the model uncertainty around a specified prediction.\r\n\r\nAn advantage of such an approach is the maximization of limited monitoring resources because it focuses on the difference in prediction uncertainty with or without additional collection of field data. Data worth can be calculated either through the addition of new data or subtraction of existing information by reducing monitoring efforts (Beven, 1993). The latter generally is not widely requested as there is explicit recognition that the worth calculated is fundamentally dependent on the prediction specified. If a water manager needs a new prediction, the benefits of reducing the scope of a monitoring effort, based on an old prediction, may be erased by the loss of information important for the new prediction.\r\n\r\nThis fact sheet focuses on the worth or value of new data collection by quantifying the reduction in prediction uncertainty achieved be adding a monitoring observation. This calculation of worth can be performed for multiple potential locations (and types) of observations, which then can be ranked for their effectiveness for reducing uncertainty around the specified prediction. This is implemented using a Bayesian approach with the PREDUNC utility in the parameter estimation software suite PEST (Doherty, 2010).\r\n\r\nThe techniques briefly described earlier are described in detail in a U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report available on the Internet (Fienen and others, 2010; http://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5159/). This fact sheet presents a synopsis of the techniques as applied to a synthetic model based on a model constructed using properties from the Lake Michigan Basin (Hoard, 2010).","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/fs20113014","collaboration":"National Water Availability and Use Pilot Program","usgsCitation":"Fienen, M., Hunt, R.J., Doherty, J.E., and Reeves, H.W., 2011, Using models for the optimization of hydrologic monitoring: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2011-3014, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20113014.","productDescription":"6 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116954,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2011_3014.jpg"},{"id":204768,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2011/3014/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a14e4b07f02db602eb1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fienen, Michael N. 0000-0002-7756-4651 mnfienen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7756-4651","contributorId":893,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fienen","given":"Michael N.","email":"mnfienen@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":307929,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hunt, Randall J. 0000-0001-6465-9304 rjhunt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6465-9304","contributorId":1129,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunt","given":"Randall","email":"rjhunt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":307930,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Doherty, John E.","contributorId":8817,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Doherty","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":7046,"text":"Watermark Numerical Computing","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":307932,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Reeves, Howard W. 0000-0001-8057-2081 hwreeves@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8057-2081","contributorId":2307,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reeves","given":"Howard","email":"hwreeves@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":307931,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":99267,"text":"sir20115037 - 2011 - Sedimentation and occurrence and trends of selected nutrients, other chemical constituents, and cyanobacteria in bottom sediment, Clinton Lake, northeast Kansas, 1977-2009","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:13","indexId":"sir20115037","displayToPublicDate":"2011-05-17T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-5037","title":"Sedimentation and occurrence and trends of selected nutrients, other chemical constituents, and cyanobacteria in bottom sediment, Clinton Lake, northeast Kansas, 1977-2009","docAbstract":"A combination of available bathymetric-survey information and bottom-sediment coring was used to investigate sedimentation and the occurrence of selected nutrients (total nitrogen and total phosphorus), organic and total carbon, 25 trace elements, cyanobacterial akinetes, and the radionuclide cesium-137 in the bottom sediment of Clinton Lake, northeast Kansas. The total estimated volume and mass of bottom sediment deposited from 1977 through 2009 in the conservation (multi-purpose) pool of the reservoir was 438 million cubic feet and 18 billion pounds, respectively. The estimated sediment volume occupied about 8 percent of the conservation-pool, water-storage capacity of the reservoir. Sedimentation in the conservation pool has occurred about 70 percent faster than originally projected at the time the reservoir was completed. Water-storage capacity in the conservation pool has been lost to sedimentation at a rate of about 0.25 percent annually. Mean annual net sediment deposition since 1977 in the conservation pool of the reservoir was estimated to be 563 million pounds per year. Mean annual net sediment yield from the Clinton Lake Basin was estimated to be 1.5 million pounds per square mile per year. Typically, the bottom sediment sampled in Clinton Lake was at least 99 percent silt and clay.\n\nThe mean annual net loads of total nitrogen and total phosphorus deposited in the bottom sediment of Clinton Lake were estimated to be 1.29 million pounds per year and 556,000 pounds per year, respectively. The estimated mean annual net yields of total nitrogen and total phosphorus from the Clinton Lake Basin were 3,510 pounds per square mile per year and 1,510 pounds per square mile per year, respectively. Throughout the history of Clinton Lake, total nitrogen concentrations in the deposited sediment generally were uniform and indicated consistent inputs to the reservoir over time. Likewise, total phosphorus concentrations in the deposited sediment generally were uniform. Although, for two of three coring sites, a possible positive trend in phosphorus deposition was indicated. The Wakarusa River possibly was a larger contributor of nitrogen and phosphorus to Clinton Lake than was Rock Creek. As a principal limiting factor for primary production in most freshwater environments, phosphorus is of particular importance because increased inputs can contribute to accelerated reservoir eutrophication and the production of algal toxins and taste-and-odor compounds.\n\nTrace-element concentrations in the bottom sediment of Clinton Lake generally were uniform over time. As is typical for eastern Kansas reservoirs, arsenic, chromium, and nickel concentrations typically exceeded the threshold-effects guidelines, which represent the concentrations above which toxic biological effects occasionally occur. Zinc concentrations frequently exceeded the threshold-effects guideline. Trace-element concentrations did not exceed the probable-effects guidelines (available for eight trace elements), which represent the concentrations above which toxic biological effects usually or frequently occur.\n\nCyanobacterial akinetes (cyanobacteria resting stage) in the bottom sediment of Clinton Lake, combined with historical water-quality data on chlorophyll-a and total phosphorus concentrations, indicated that the reservoir likely has been eutrophic throughout most of its history. A statistically significant increase in cyanobacterial akinetes in the bottom sediment indicated that Clinton Lake may have become more eutrophic over the life of the reservoir. The increase in cyanobacterial akinetes may, in part, be related to a possible increase in total phosphorus concentrations.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20115037","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Kansas Department of Health and Environment","usgsCitation":"Juracek, K.E., 2011, Sedimentation and occurrence and trends of selected nutrients, other chemical constituents, and cyanobacteria in bottom sediment, Clinton Lake, northeast Kansas, 1977-2009: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5037, v, 28 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20115037.","productDescription":"v, 28 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116953,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2011_5037.jpg"},{"id":115730,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5037/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f6e4b07f02db5f1a32","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Juracek, Kyle E. 0000-0002-2102-8980 kjuracek@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2102-8980","contributorId":2022,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Juracek","given":"Kyle","email":"kjuracek@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":307940,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ]}