Changes in land use and water use and increasing development of water resources in the middle Carson River basin may affect flow of the river and, in turn, affect downstream water users dependent on sustained river flows to Lahontan Reservoir. The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Bureau of Reclamation, began a study in 2008 of the middle Carson River basin, extending from Eagle Valley to Churchill Valley. Various types of geologic and hydrologic data were compiled from previous studies, collected for this study, and compiled and analyzed to provide a framework for development of a numerical model of the groundwater and surface-water flow systems of the basin.
Geologic units that are assumed to have similar hydrologic characteristics were grouped into hydrogeologic units comprised of consolidated rocks of pre-Cenozoic age that underlie a unit of consolidated volcanic rock and semi-consolidated sediments of Tertiary age. The principal aquifer in the study area is comprised of unconsolidated sediments of Quaternary age. The Quaternary sediments include alluvial fan, fluvial, and lake sediments, and were grouped into a basin-fill hydrogeologic unit that overlies the pre-Cenozoic and Tertiary hydrologic units.
The thickness of the combined section of Tertiary volcanic and sedimentary rocks and Quaternary basin-fill deposits previously was estimated to range from zero where pre-Cenozoic rocks are exposed to greater than 10,000 feet in the Bull Canyon subbasin, and greater than 6,000 feet on the western side of Churchill Butte and beneath the Desert Mountains. The thickness of Quaternary basin-fill sediments was estimated using gravity data and lithologic descriptions from driller’s logs. The most permeable parts of basin-fill sediments are greater than 1,000 feet thick in the Carson Plains subbasin, greater than 800 feet and 600 feet thick in the western and northeastern parts of the Stagecoach subbasin, and greater than 1,000 feet and 800 feet thick in the northern and southern parts of Churchill Valley, respectively.
The distribution of aquifer properties was estimated for basin-fill sediments using slug-test and aquifer test data, and the lithologic descriptions of previously mapped geologic units. Slug-test data show hydraulic conductivity is greater than 10 to greater than 100 feet per day for fluvial sediments near the flood plain, less than 10 feet per day for basin-fill sediments outside the flood plain, and less than 1 foot per day for consolidated rocks. Estimates of transmissivity exceed 20,000 feet squared per day near the Carson River in Dayton, Churchill, and western Lahontan Valleys and in the northern part of the Stagecoach subbasin, and exceed 10,000 feet squared per day in the western part of Churchill Valley. A transmissivity of 90,000 feet squared per day was estimated from results of an aquifer test in the Carson Plains subbasin, indicating that permeable gravel and cobble zones at depths greater than 400 feet supplied water to the pumping well. Estimates of specific yield ranged from less than 1 to 2 percent for most consolidated rocks, from 1 to 15 percent for semi-consolidated Tertiary sediments, and from 10 to 40 percent for unconsolidated basin-fill sediments.
Water-level altitude maps based on measurements at about 300 wells in 2009 show water levels have declined as much as 70 feet since 1964 on the northwestern side of Eagle Valley, about 10 feet since 1995 near Dayton in the Carson Plains subbasin, and from 5 to 10 feet since 1982 in the western and northeastern parts of the Stagecoach subbasin and the northwestern part of Churchill Valley. The declines are likely the result of municipal and agricultural pumping. The maps show a groundwater divide between the Carson Plains and Stagecoach subbasins, and a continuous hydraulic gradient between the Stagecoach subbasin and Churchill Valley. Groundwater flow directions are uncertain beneath parts of the boundary of Churchill Valley. The altitude of the top of pre-Cenozoic rocks shows thick sections of saturated Tertiary rocks and sediments south of the Dead Camel Mountains and beneath the eastern part of the Desert Mountains through which groundwater flow between Churchill Valley, Mason Valley, and Lahontan Valley may take place. North of Lahontan reservoir, beneath the Dead Camel Mountains, and beneath the southern part of Adrian Valley, the altitude of pre-Cenozoic rocks indicates groundwater flow between the three valleys is minimal.
Streamflow measurements, supported by data on the deuterium content and specific conductance of surface-water samples, indicate a loss of Carson River streamflow in the Riverview subbasin, streamflow gains in the Moundhouse subbasin and the eastern part of the Carson Plains subbasin, and streamflow losses in the Bull Canyon subbasin. Comparisons of fluctuations in groundwater levels to those in stream stage in the Carson Plains subbasin indicate that streamflow lost to infiltration from the Carson River, from irrigation ditches, and from irrigated fields is an important source of groundwater recharge. Fluctuations in groundwater levels compared with the stage of Lahontan Reservoir in Churchill Valley indicate losses to infiltration from the reservoir during high stage and groundwater seepage to the reservoir during low stage.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20115055","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Bureau of Reclamation","usgsCitation":"Maurer, D.K., 2011, Geologic framework and hydrogeology of the middle Carson River Basin, Eagle, Dayton, and Churchill Valleys, West-Central Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5055, Report: vii, 62 p.; Data release, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20115055.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 62 p.; Data release","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116937,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2011_5055.jpg"},{"id":379827,"rank":4,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9P5LJ3P","text":"USGS data release","description":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Data for the report Geologic Framework and Hydrogeology of the Middle Carson River Basin, Eagle, Dayton, and Churchill Valleys, West-Central Nevada"},{"id":379826,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5055/pdf/sir20115055.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":14655,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5055/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"100000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator projection","country":"United States","state":"Nevada","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -120,38.333333333333336 ], [ -120,40.25 ], [ -118,40.25 ], [ -118,38.333333333333336 ], [ -120,38.333333333333336 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b17e4b07f02db6a5a5d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Maurer, Douglas K. dkmaurer@usgs.gov","contributorId":2308,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maurer","given":"Douglas","email":"dkmaurer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":344593,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70160547,"text":"70160547 - 2011 - Effects of dams in river networks on fish assemblages in non-impoundment sections of rivers in Michigan and Wisconsin, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-12-22T15:42:46","indexId":"70160547","displayToPublicDate":"2011-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3301,"text":"River Research and Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of dams in river networks on fish assemblages in non-impoundment sections of rivers in Michigan and Wisconsin, USA","docAbstract":"Regional assessment of cumulative impacts of dams on riverine fish assemblages provides resource managers essential information for dam operation, potential dam removal, river health assessment and overall ecosystem management. Such an assessment is challenging because characteristics of fish assemblages are not only affected by dams, but also influenced by natural variation and human-induced modification (in addition to dams) in thermal and flow regimes, physicochemical habitats and biological assemblages. This study evaluated the impacts of dams on river fish assemblages in the non-impoundment sections of rivers in the states of Michigan and Wisconsin using multiple fish assemblage indicators and multiple approaches to distinguish the influences of dams from those of other natural and human-induced factors. We found that environmental factors that influence fish assemblages in addition to dams should be incorporated when evaluating regional effects of dams on fish assemblages. Without considering such co-influential factors, the evaluation is inadequate and potentially misleading. The role of dams alone in determining fish assemblages at a regional spatial scale is relatively small (explained less than 20% of variance) compared with the other environmental factors, such as river size, flow and thermal regimes and land uses jointly. However, our results do demonstrate that downstream and upstream dams can substantially modify fish assemblages in the non-impoundment sections of rivers. After excluding river size and land-use influences, our results clearly demonstrate that dams have significant impacts on fish biotic-integrity and habitat-and-social-preference indicators. The influences of the upstream dams, downstream dams, distance to dams, and dam density differ among the fish indicators, which have different implications for maintaining river biotic integrity, protecting biodiversity and managing fisheries.
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Research","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":583114,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Infante, Dana M. 0000-0003-1385-1587","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1385-1587","contributorId":150821,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Infante","given":"Dana","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":18112,"text":"Dept. of Fisheries and Wildlife,","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":583112,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Lyons, John D.","contributorId":150808,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lyons","given":"John D.","affiliations":[{"id":6913,"text":"Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":583113,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Arthur Cooper","contributorId":150820,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Arthur Cooper","affiliations":[{"id":18111,"text":"Institute for Fisheries Research","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":583111,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14}]}} ,{"id":70005440,"text":"70005440 - 2011 - Acute toxicity of two lampricides, 3-trifluoromethyl-4-nitrophenol (TFM) and a TFM: 1% niclosamide mixture, to sea lamprey, three species of unionids, haliplid water beetles, and American eel","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-08-22T15:31:06.811692","indexId":"70005440","displayToPublicDate":"2011-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":3,"text":"Organization Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":222,"text":"Technical Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":3}},"seriesNumber":"70","title":"Acute toxicity of two lampricides, 3-trifluoromethyl-4-nitrophenol (TFM) and a TFM: 1% niclosamide mixture, to sea lamprey, three species of unionids, haliplid water beetles, and American eel","docAbstract":"We conducted a series of toxicological treatments with 3-trifluoromethyl-4-nitrophenol (TFM) and a TFM:1% 2′,5-dichloro-4′-nitrosalicylanilide (niclosamide) mixture, two compounds used to control larval sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) in Great Lakes tributaries, to evaluate the acute toxicity of the lampricides to a number of nontarget species of concern. Treatments were conducted with yellow stage American eel (Anguilla rostrata), adult and larval haliplid water beetles (Haliplus spp.), a surrogate for the endangered Hungerford’s crawling water beetle (Brychius hungerfordi), and adults of three unionid species—giant floater (Pyganadon grandis), fragile papershell (Leptodea fragilis), and pink heelsplitter (Potamilus alatus). Treatments were conducted using a serial dilution system consisting of nine test concentrations and an untreated control with 20% dilution between concentrations. Narcosis was evident among giant floaters exposed to the TFM and the TFM:1% niclosamide mixture and among pink heelsplitters exposed to the TFM:1% niclosamide mixture only but mostly at concentrations greater than 2-fold that required to kill 100% of larval sea lamprey (minimum lethal concentration (MLC)). Tests with the haliplid beetle suggest the risks to the Hungerford’s crawling water beetle associated with TFM applications are minimal. Concentrations over 2-fold the sea lamprey MLC did not kill adult or larval water beetles. Preliminary behavioral observations suggest water beetles may avoid treatment by crawling out of the water. Adult water beetles exposed to TFM at 3-fold the sea lamprey MLC were observed above the water line more often than controls. The lampricide TFM was not acutely toxic to American eel. Mortalities were rare among American eel exposed to TFM concentrations up to 7-fold the observed sea lamprey MLC. Similarly, for the TFM:1% niclosamide mixture, mortalities were rare among American eel exposed to nearly 5-fold the observed sea lamprey MLC. Overall, acute TFM toxicity was not evident among any of the species examined in this study at concentrations targeted to control larval sea lamprey. Results for the adult unionids should be viewed with caution due to the lack of replication in the treatments.
","language":"English","publisher":"Great Lakes Fishery Commission","publisherLocation":"Ann Arbor, MI","usgsCitation":"Boogaard, M.A., and Rivera, J.E., 2011, Acute toxicity of two lampricides, 3-trifluoromethyl-4-nitrophenol (TFM) and a TFM: 1% niclosamide mixture, to sea lamprey, three species of unionids, haliplid water beetles, and American eel: Technical Report 70, 36 p.","productDescription":"36 p.","numberOfPages":"44","ipdsId":"IP-019130","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":273542,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.glfc.org/publication-media-search.php?type=Technical%20Report","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":273543,"rank":2,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51b6f563e4b0097a7158e583","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Boogaard, Michael A. 0000-0002-5192-8437 mboogaard@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5192-8437","contributorId":865,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boogaard","given":"Michael","email":"mboogaard@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":352525,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rivera, Jane E. jerivera@usgs.gov","contributorId":3338,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rivera","given":"Jane","email":"jerivera@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":352526,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":99239,"text":"fs20113036 - 2011 - Evaluating the variability of sediment and nutrient loading from riverine systems into Texas estuaries and bays","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-11T15:55:02","indexId":"fs20113036","displayToPublicDate":"2011-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-3036","title":"Evaluating the variability of sediment and nutrient loading from riverine systems into Texas estuaries and bays","docAbstract":"The water quality in estuaries and bays and the health of these coastal ecosystems are affected by sediment and nutrient loads transported by streams. Large sediment loads delivered to an estuary or bay can degrade water quality. Concentrations of suspended sediment are affected by natural conditions (such as soil erosion and streambed resuspension) and can also be affected by human activities (such as development, timber harvesting, certain agricultural practices, and hydraulic alteration). An increased sediment load delivered to an estuary or bay can reduce water clarity and light penetration (Senus and others, 2005) in the water column. Senus and others (2005, p. 1) also note that nutrients are needed to sustain life, but excess nutrient loads from human activities may cause unbalanced and unhealthy changes in water quality that are harmful to aquatic organisms. Nitrogen and phosphorus are two known nutrients of concern. Poor water quality caused by an abundance of these nutrients can stimulate the excessive growth of phytoplankton, promote algal blooms, reduce dissolved oxygen levels, and cause fish kills.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, Virginia","doi":"10.3133/fs20113036","usgsCitation":"Lee, M.T., 2011, Evaluating the variability of sediment and nutrient loading from riverine systems into Texas estuaries and bays: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2011-3036, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20113036.","productDescription":"4 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116921,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2011_3036.gif"},{"id":14653,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2011/3036/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"24000","country":"United States","state":"Texas","otherGeospatial":"Trinity River and San Jacinto River, Colorado River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -96.13037109375,\n 33.6420625047537\n ],\n [\n -96.9873046875,\n 33.742612777346885\n ],\n [\n -97.503662109375,\n 33.073130945006625\n ],\n [\n -96.2457275390625,\n 30.718226523201352\n ],\n [\n -95.29541015625,\n 30.883369321692268\n ],\n [\n -95.97656249999999,\n 33.46810795527896\n ],\n [\n -96.13037109375,\n 33.6420625047537\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -103.0078125,\n 33.30298618122413\n ],\n [\n -99.986572265625,\n 32.8334428466495\n ],\n [\n -98.228759765625,\n 31.83089906339438\n ],\n [\n -97.349853515625,\n 30.704058230919504\n ],\n [\n -98.41552734375,\n 30.107117887092382\n ],\n [\n -103.062744140625,\n 32.03602003973757\n ],\n [\n -103.0078125,\n 33.30298618122413\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a09e4b07f02db5fb06b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lee, Michael T. 0000-0002-8260-8794 mtlee@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8260-8794","contributorId":4228,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"Michael","email":"mtlee@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":307841,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70033850,"text":"70033850 - 2011 - Predictive uncertainty analysis of a saltwater intrusion model using null-space Monte Carlo","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-01-14T10:33:14","indexId":"70033850","displayToPublicDate":"2011-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Predictive uncertainty analysis of a saltwater intrusion model using null-space Monte Carlo","docAbstract":"Because of the extensive computational burden and perhaps a lack of awareness of existing methods, rigorous uncertainty analyses are rarely conducted for variable-density flow and transport models. For this reason, a recently developed null-space Monte Carlo (NSMC) method for quantifying prediction uncertainty was tested for a synthetic saltwater intrusion model patterned after the Henry problem. Saltwater intrusion caused by a reduction in fresh groundwater discharge was simulated for 1000 randomly generated hydraulic conductivity distributions, representing a mildly heterogeneous aquifer. From these 1000 simulations, the hydraulic conductivity distribution giving rise to the most extreme case of saltwater intrusion was selected and was assumed to represent the \"true\" system. Head and salinity values from this true model were then extracted and used as observations for subsequent model calibration. Random noise was added to the observations to approximate realistic field conditions. The NSMC method was used to calculate 1000 calibration-constrained parameter fields. If the dimensionality of the solution space was set appropriately, the estimated uncertainty range from the NSMC analysis encompassed the truth. Several variants of the method were implemented to investigate their effect on the efficiency of the NSMC method. Reducing the dimensionality of the null-space for the processing of the random parameter sets did not result in any significant gains in efficiency and compromised the ability of the NSMC method to encompass the true prediction value. The addition of intrapilot point heterogeneity to the NSMC process was also tested. According to a variogram comparison, this provided the same scale of heterogeneity that was used to generate the truth. However, incorporation of intrapilot point variability did not make a noticeable difference to the uncertainty of the prediction. With this higher level of heterogeneity, however, the computational burden of generating calibration-constrained parameter fields approximately doubled. Predictive uncertainty variance computed through the NSMC method was compared with that computed through linear analysis. The results were in good agreement, with the NSMC method estimate showing a slightly smaller range of prediction uncertainty than was calculated by the linear method. Copyright 2011 by the American Geophysical Union.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Water Resources Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1029/2010WR009342","issn":"00431397","usgsCitation":"Herckenrath, D., Langevin, C.D., and Doherty, J., 2011, Predictive uncertainty analysis of a saltwater intrusion model using null-space Monte Carlo: Water Resources Research, v. 47, no. 5, W05504; 16 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2010WR009342.","productDescription":"W05504; 16 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":475011,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2010wr009342","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":214568,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2010WR009342"},{"id":242303,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"47","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-05-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a8206e4b0c8380cd7b867","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Herckenrath, Daan","contributorId":58854,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herckenrath","given":"Daan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442831,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Langevin, Christian D. 0000-0001-5610-9759 langevin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5610-9759","contributorId":1030,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langevin","given":"Christian","email":"langevin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":442829,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Doherty, John","contributorId":43843,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doherty","given":"John","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442830,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70158622,"text":"70158622 - 2011 - Growth characteristics and otolith analysis on age-0 American shad","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-01T17:26:20.553096","indexId":"70158622","displayToPublicDate":"2011-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Growth characteristics and otolith analysis on age-0 American shad","docAbstract":"Otolith microstructure analysis provides useful information on the growth history of fish (Campana and Jones 1992, Bang and Gronkjaer 2005). Microstructure analysis can be used to construct the size-at-age growth trajectory of fish, determine daily growth rates, and estimate hatch date and other ecologically important life history events (Campana and Jones 1992, Tonkin et al. 2008). This kind of information can be incorporated into bioenergetics modeling, providing necessary data for estimating prey consumption, and guiding the development of empirically-based modeling scenarios for hypothesis testing. For example, age-0 American shad co-occur with emigrating juvenile fall Chinook salmon originating from Hanford Reach and the Snake River in the lower Columbia River reservoirs during the summer and early fall. The diet of age-0 American shad appears to overlap with that of juvenile fall Chinook salmon (Chapter 1, this reoprt), but juvenile fall Chinook salmon are also known to feed on age-0 American shad in the reservoirs (USGS unpublished data). Abundant, energy-dense age-0 American shad may provide juvenile fall Chinook salmon opportunities for rapid growth during the time period when large number of age-0 American shad are available. Otolith analysis of hatch dates and the growth curve of age-0 American shad could be used to identify when eggs, larvae, and juveniles of specific size classes are temporally available as food for fall Chinook salmon in the lower Columbia River reservoirs. This kind of temporally and spatially explicit life history information is important to include in bioenergetics modeling scenarios. Quantitive estimates of prey consumption could be used with spatially-explicit estimates of prey abundance to construct a quantitative assessment of the age-0 American shad impact on a reservoir food web.
Analysis of the age-0 American shad growth trajectory or individual growth records may show evidence of differential growth rates over time that may be linked to environmental conditions such as water temperature (Leach and Houde 1999, Meekan et al. 2003), size-selective mortality (Folkvord et al. 1997), developmental changes in metabolic rate (Bang and Gronkjaer 2005, Bochdanksy et al. 2005), feeding ability (Schmitt and Holbrook 1984, Luecke 1986, Johnson and Dropkin 1995, Johnson and Dropkin 1996), and intra- and inter-specific competition (Crecco and Savoy 1987, Marchand and Boisclair 1998, Gadomski and Wagner 2009). For example, environmental conditions associated with John Day reservoir may eliminate or reduce the availability of many aquatic and terrestrial insect prey types (Rondorf et al. 1990). Many juvenile fishes, including age-0 American shad and juvenile fall Chinook salmon may be foraging on limited insect prey in John Day Reservoir (Gadomski and Wagner 2009). Because larger insect prey has higher energy densities than most zooplankton prey, and insect availability may be limited in John Day reservoir, the growth of American shad may be constrained once fish grow to a size where they could exploit larger, more energy-dense insect prey (Mayer and Wahl 1997).
Similarly, as age-0 American shad grow, they are able to forage on larger zooplankton with higher energy densities than smaller individuals of the same species, or other smaller-bodied zooplankton species (Schael et al. 1991, Mayer and Wahl 1997). Intra- and inter-specific demand for larger-bodied and higher energy zooplankton prey may reduce the availability of these prey items (Tabor et al. 1996). Constrained growth increments on the otolith microstructure of juvenile American shad or other planktivorous fish could help identify important interactions between fishes that may be linked to the year class strength of age-0 American shad and prey partitioning in John Day reservoir.
The objective of this study was to determine time of hatch and size-at-age of age-0 American shad in lower Columbia River reservoirs for use with the American shad and fall Chinook salmon bioenergetic models. Size-at-age data on age-0 American shad can be used to generate quantitative estimates of prey consumption with the American shad bioenergetics model. Otolith microstructure analysis was used to provide reference points on the temporal availability of early life stages and sizes of American shad in the reservoir (Limburg 1996a,b, Limburg et al. 1999). Additional analyses on the age-0 American shad growth trajectory in John Day reservoir may reveal differential growth patterns during the early life history of these fish that are linked to developmental differences between individual fish, transient environmental conditions, or food web constraints (Limburg 1996a).
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However, little is known about the effects of climate change on alpine stream biota, especially invertebrates. Here, we show a strong linkage between regional climate change and the fundamental niche of a rare aquatic invertebrate—themeltwater stonefly Lednia tumana—endemic toWaterton- Glacier International Peace Park, Canada and USA. L. tumana has been petitioned for listing under the U.S. Endangered Species Act due to climate-change-induced glacier loss, yet little is known on specifically how climate impacts may threaten this rare species and many other enigmatic alpine aquatic species worldwide. During 14 years of research, we documented that L. tumana inhabits a narrow distribution, restricted to short sections (∼500 m) of cold, alpine streams directly below glaciers, permanent snowfields, and springs. Our simulation models suggest that climate change threatens the potential future distribution of these sensitive habitats and persistence of L. tumana through the loss of glaciers and snowfields. Mountaintop aquatic invertebrates are ideal early warning indicators of climate warming in mountain ecosystems. Research on alpine invertebrates is urgently needed to avoid extinctions and ecosystem change.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10584-011-0057-1","usgsCitation":"Muhlfeld, C.C., Giersch, J., Hauer, F.R., Pederson, G.T., Luikart, G., Peterson, D.P., Downs, C.C., and Fagre, D.B., 2011, Climate change links fate of glaciers and an endemic alpine invertebrate: Climatic Change, v. 106, no. 2, p. 337-345, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-011-0057-1.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"337","endPage":"345","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-025871","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":306855,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","otherGeospatial":"Waterton-Glacier International Peace Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -115.697021484375,\n 48.28684818710906\n ],\n [\n -115.697021484375,\n 49.87339770318919\n ],\n [\n -113.18115234375,\n 49.87339770318919\n ],\n [\n -113.18115234375,\n 48.28684818710906\n ],\n [\n -115.697021484375,\n 48.28684818710906\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"106","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-03-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55d4572de4b0518e354694ad","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Muhlfeld, Clint C. 0000-0002-4599-4059 cmuhlfeld@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4599-4059","contributorId":924,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muhlfeld","given":"Clint","email":"cmuhlfeld@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":565546,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Giersch, J. Joseph 0000-0001-7818-3941 jgiersch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7818-3941","contributorId":4022,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Giersch","given":"J. Joseph","email":"jgiersch@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":565549,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hauer, F. Richard","contributorId":76892,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hauer","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"Richard","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":568394,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pederson, Gregory T. 0000-0002-6014-1425 gpederson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6014-1425","contributorId":3106,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pederson","given":"Gregory","email":"gpederson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":565548,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Luikart, Gordon","contributorId":124531,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Luikart","given":"Gordon","affiliations":[{"id":5091,"text":"Flathead Lake Biological Station, Fish and Wildlife Genomics Group, Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Polson, MT 59860, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":568395,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Peterson, Douglas P.","contributorId":145877,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Peterson","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":6678,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":565550,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Downs, Christopher C.","contributorId":105067,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Downs","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":568396,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Fagre, Daniel B. 0000-0001-8552-9461 dan_fagre@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8552-9461","contributorId":2036,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fagre","given":"Daniel","email":"dan_fagre@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":565547,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":9001481,"text":"ds591 - 2011 - Sediment toxicity test results for the Urban Waters Study 2010, Bellingham Bay, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-07-19T08:49:48","indexId":"ds591","displayToPublicDate":"2011-04-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"591","title":"Sediment toxicity test results for the Urban Waters Study 2010, Bellingham Bay, Washington","docAbstract":"The Washington Department of Ecology annually determines the quality of recently deposited sediments in Puget Sound as a part of Ecology's Urban Waters Initiative. The annual sediment quality studies use the Sediment Quality Triad (SQT) approach, thus relying on measures of chemical contamination, toxicity, and benthic in-faunal effects (Chapman, 1990). Since 2002, the studies followed a rotating sampling scheme, each year sampling a different region of the greater Puget Sound Basin. During the annual studies, samples are collected in locations selected with a stratified-random design, patterned after the designs previously used in baseline surveys completed during 1997-1999 (Long and others, 2003; Wilson and Partridge, 2007).\r\nSediment samples were collected by personnel from the Washington Department of Ecology, in June of 2010 and shipped to the U. S. Geological Survey (USGS) laboratory in Corpus Christi, Texas (not shown), where the tests were performed. Sediment pore water was extracted with a pneumatic apparatus and was stored frozen. Just before testing, water-quality measurements were made and salinity adjusted, if necessary. Tests were performed on a dilution series of each sample consisting of 100-, 50-, and 25-percent pore-water concentrations.\r\nThe specific objectives of this study were to:\r\n * Extract sediment pore water from a total of 30 sediment samples from the Bellingham Bay, Washington area within a day of receipt of the samples.\r\n * Measure water-quality parameters (salinity, dissolved oxygen, pH, sulfide, and ammonia) of thawed pore-water samples before testing and adjust salinity, temperature and dissolved oxygen, if necessary, to obtain optimal ranges for the test species.\r\n * Conduct the fertilization toxicity test with pore water using sea urchin (Stronylocentrotus purpuratus) (S. purpuratus) gametes.\r\n * Perform quality control assays with reference pore water, dilution blanks and a positive control dilution series with sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) in conjunction with each test.\r\n * Determine which samples caused a significant decrease in percent fertilization success relative to the negative control.\r\n","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds591","usgsCitation":"Biedenbach, J.M., 2011, Sediment toxicity test results for the Urban Waters Study 2010, Bellingham Bay, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 591, v, 5 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ds591.","productDescription":"v, 5 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2010-06-01","temporalEnd":"2010-06-30","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34983,"text":"Contaminant Biology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":14648,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/591/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":116898,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds_591.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Bellingham Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.7886962890625,\n 48.43102300370144\n ],\n [\n -122.2943115234375,\n 48.43102300370144\n ],\n [\n -122.2943115234375,\n 48.83850916871952\n ],\n [\n -122.7886962890625,\n 48.83850916871952\n ],\n [\n -122.7886962890625,\n 48.43102300370144\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0be4b07f02db5fbf5a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Biedenbach, James M.","contributorId":64353,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Biedenbach","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344589,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":9001480,"text":"sir20105225 - 2011 - 2009 Spring floods in North Dakota, western Minnesota, and northeastern South Dakota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-14T11:39:28","indexId":"sir20105225","displayToPublicDate":"2011-04-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-5225","title":"2009 Spring floods in North Dakota, western Minnesota, and northeastern South Dakota","docAbstract":"In 2009, record-breaking snowfalls and additional spring moisture caused severe flooding in parts of the Missouri River and Red River of the North (Red River) Basins in North Dakota, Minnesota, and South Dakota. There were 48 peak of record stages and 36 discharges recorded at U.S. Geological Survey streamgages located in both basins between March 20 and May 15, 2009. High water continued to affect many communities up and down the rivers' main stems and tributaries for nearly 2 months.\r\nRecord snowfall for single-day totals, as well as monthly totals, occurred throughout the Missouri River and Red River of the North Basins. Additional moisture in the spring as well as the timing of warmer temperatures caused record flooding in many places in both basins with many locations reporting two flood crests.\r\nIce jams on the Missouri River, located north and south of Bismarck, N. Dak., caused flooding. Southwest Bismarck was evacuated as rising waters first began inundating homes in low-lying areas along the river and then continued flowing into the city's lower south side. On March 24, 2009, the peak stage of the Missouri River at Bismarck, N. Dak. streamgage was 16.11 feet, which was the highest recorded stage since the completion of Garrison Dam in 1954. South of Bismarck, the Missouri River near Schmidt, N. Dak. streamgage recorded a peak stage of 24.24 feet on March 25, 2009, which surpassed the peak of record of 23.56 feet that occurred on December 9, 1976. While peak stage reached record levels at these streamgages, the discharge through the river at these locations did not reach record levels. The record high stages resulted from ice jams occurring on the Missouri River north and south of the cities of Bismarck and Mandan.\r\nAt the Red River of the North at Fargo, N. Dak. streamgage, the Red River reached a record stage of 40.84 feet surpassing the previous peak of record stage of 39.72 feet set in 1997. The associated peak streamflow of 29,500 cubic feet per second exceeded the previous peak of record set in 1997 by 1,500 cubic feet per second. For the cities of Fargo, and Moorhead, Minn., and the surrounding area, the stage of the Red River remained above flood stage for nearly 2 months.\r\nIn addition to high stage and flow on the main-stem Missouri and Red Rivers, peak of record stage and discharge were recorded at many U.S. Geological Survey streamgages in the Missouri River and Red River Basins. Several reservoirs and lakes in the region also experienced record stage elevations from the high flows during the 2009 spring snowmelt floods.\r\n","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20105225","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the North Dakota State Water Commission\r\n","usgsCitation":"Macek-Rowland, K.M., and Gross, T., 2011, 2009 Spring floods in North Dakota, western Minnesota, and northeastern South Dakota: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2010-5225, vi, 41 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20105225.","productDescription":"vi, 41 p.","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116897,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2010_5225.jpg"},{"id":14650,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5225/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd4925e4b0b290850eeea7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Macek-Rowland, Kathleen M.","contributorId":50565,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Macek-Rowland","given":"Kathleen","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344587,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gross, Tara A.","contributorId":85308,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gross","given":"Tara A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344588,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":99238,"text":"ofr20111092 - 2011 - Review and interpretation of previous work and new data on the hydrogeology of the Schwartzwalder Uranium Mine and vicinity, Jefferson County, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-13T12:15:49","indexId":"ofr20111092","displayToPublicDate":"2011-04-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-1092","title":"Review and interpretation of previous work and new data on the hydrogeology of the Schwartzwalder Uranium Mine and vicinity, Jefferson County, Colorado","docAbstract":"The Schwartzwalder deposit is the largest known vein type uranium deposit in the United States. Located about eight miles northwest of Golden, Colorado it occurs in Proterozoic metamorphic rocks and was formed by hydrothermal fluid flow, mineralization, and deformation during the Laramide Orogeny. A complex brittle fault zone hosts the deposit comprising locally brecciated carbonate, oxide, and sulfide minerals. Mining of pitchblende, the primary ore mineral, began in 1953 and an extensive network of underground workings was developed. Mine dewatering, treatment of the effluent and its discharge into the adjacent Ralston Creek was done under State permit from about 1990 through about 2008. Mining and dewatering ceased in 2000 and natural groundwater rebound has filled the mine workings to a current elevation that is above Ralston Creek but that is still below the lowest ground level adit. Water in the 'mine pool' has concentrations of dissolved uranium in excess of 1,000 times the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency drinking-water standard of 30 milligrams per liter. Other dissolved constituents such as molybdenum, radium, and sulfate are also present in anomalously high concentrations. \r\n\r\nRalston Creek flows in a narrow valley containing Quaternary alluvium predominantly derived from weathering of crystalline bedrock including local mineralized rock. Just upstream of the mine site, two capped and unsaturated waste rock piles with high radioactivity sit on an alluvial terrace. As Ralston Creek flows past the mine site, a host of dissolved metal concentrations increase. Ralston Creek eventually discharges into Ralston Reservoir about 2.5 miles downstream. Because of highly elevated uranium concentrations, the State of Colorado issued an enforcement action against the mine permit holder requiring renewed collection and treatment of alluvial groundwater.\r\n\r\nAs part of planned mine reclamation, abundant data were collected and compiled into a report by Wyman and Effner (2007), which was to be used as a basis for eventual mine site closure. In 2010 the U.S. Geological Survey was asked by the State of Colorado to provide an objective and independent review of the Wyman and Effner (2007) report and to identify gaps in knowledge regarding the hydrogeology of the mine site. \r\n\r\nKey findings from the U.S. Geological Survey assessment include geological structural analysis indicating that although the primary uranium-hosting fault likely does not cross under Ralston Creek, many complex subsidiary faults do cross under Ralston Creek. It is unknown if any of these faults act as conduits for mine pool water to enter Ralston Creek. Reported bedrock permeabilities are low, but local hydraulic gradients are sufficient to potentially drive groundwater flow from the mine pool to the creek. Estimated average linear velocities for the full range of reported hydraulic conductivities indicate groundwater transit times from the mine pool to the creek on the order of a few months to about 3,800 years or 11 to 65 years using mean reported input values. These estimates do not account for geochemical reactions along any given flow path that may differentially enhance or retard movement of individual dissolved constituents. New reconnaissance data including 34S isotope and 234U/238U isotopic activity ratios show potentially distinctive signatures for the mine pool compared to local groundwater and Ralston Creek water above the mine site.\r\n\r\nAlthough the mine pool may be near an equilibrium elevation, evidence for groundwater recharge transients indicates inflow to the workings that are greater than outflow. There is not enough hydraulic head data adjacent to the mine workings to adequately constrain a final equilibrium elevation or to predict how several wet years in succession might affect variations in mine pool elevation. Although ground level adits are sealed with bulkheads, if the mine pool elevation were to rise slightly to the elevation of or abo","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20111092","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Colorado Division of Reclamation, Mining, and Safety\r\n","usgsCitation":"Caine, J.S., Johnson, R.H., and Wild, E.C., 2011, Review and interpretation of previous work and new data on the hydrogeology of the Schwartzwalder Uranium Mine and vicinity, Jefferson County, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1092, vi, 44 p.; Appendix, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111092.","productDescription":"vi, 44 p.; Appendix","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116904,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2011_1092.png"},{"id":14652,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1092/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abde4b07f02db673e88","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Caine, Jonathan S. 0000-0002-7269-6989 jscaine@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7269-6989","contributorId":1272,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Caine","given":"Jonathan","email":"jscaine@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":307840,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, Raymond H. rhjohnso@usgs.gov","contributorId":707,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Raymond","email":"rhjohnso@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":307838,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wild, Emily C. 0000-0001-6157-7629 ecwild@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6157-7629","contributorId":1810,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wild","given":"Emily","email":"ecwild@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":5081,"text":"Libraries","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":307839,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":99237,"text":"ofr20111089 - 2011 - Data network, collection, and analysis in the Diamond Valley flow system, central Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:39","indexId":"ofr20111089","displayToPublicDate":"2011-04-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-1089","title":"Data network, collection, and analysis in the Diamond Valley flow system, central Nevada","docAbstract":"Future groundwater development and its effect on future municipal, irrigation, and alternative energy uses in the Diamond Valley flow system are of concern for officials in Eureka County, Nevada. To provide a better understanding of the groundwater resources, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with Eureka County, commenced a multi-phase study of the Diamond Valley flow system in 2005. Groundwater development primarily in southern Diamond Valley has resulted in water-level declines since the 1960s ranging from less than 5 to 100 feet. Groundwater resources in the Diamond Valley flow system outside of southern Diamond Valley have been relatively undeveloped.\r\n\r\nData collected during phase 2 of the study (2006-09) included micrometeorological data at 4 evapotranspiration stations, 3 located in natural vegetation and 1 located in an agricultural field; groundwater levels in 95 wells; water-quality constituents in aquifers and springs at 21 locations; lithologic information from 7 recently drilled wells; and geophysical logs from 3 well sites. This report describes what was accomplished during phase 2 of the study, provides the data collected, and presents the approaches to strengthen relations between evapotranspiration rates measured at micrometeorological stations and spatially distributed groundwater discharge. This report also presents the approach to improve delineation of areas of groundwater discharge and describes the current methodology used to improve the accuracy of spatially distributed groundwater discharge rates in the Diamond Valley flow system.\r\n","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20111089","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Eureka County, Nevada\r\n","usgsCitation":"Knochenmus, L.A., Berger, D.L., Moreo, M.T., and Smith, J.L., 2011, Data network, collection, and analysis in the Diamond Valley flow system, central Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1089, vi, 22 p.; Appendices, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111089.","productDescription":"vi, 22 p.; Appendices","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116899,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2011_1089.jpg"},{"id":14651,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1089/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c85d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Knochenmus, Lari A. lari@usgs.gov","contributorId":301,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knochenmus","given":"Lari","email":"lari@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":307834,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Berger, David L. dlberger@usgs.gov","contributorId":1861,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berger","given":"David","email":"dlberger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":307835,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Moreo, Michael T. 0000-0002-9122-6958 mtmoreo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9122-6958","contributorId":2363,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moreo","given":"Michael","email":"mtmoreo@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":307837,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Smith, J. LaRue jlsmith@usgs.gov","contributorId":1863,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"J.","email":"jlsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"LaRue","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":307836,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":99236,"text":"sir20115043 - 2011 - Two-dimensional streamflow simulations of the Jordan River, Midvale and West Jordan, Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-05T19:17:27.004349","indexId":"sir20115043","displayToPublicDate":"2011-04-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-5043","title":"Two-dimensional streamflow simulations of the Jordan River, Midvale and West Jordan, Utah","docAbstract":"The Jordan River in Midvale and West Jordan, Utah, flows adjacent to two U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Superfund sites: Midvale Slag and Sharon Steel. At both sites, geotechnical caps extend to the east bank of the river. The final remediation tasks for these sites included the replacement of a historic sheet-pile dam and the stabilization of the river banks adjacent to the Superfund sites. To assist with these tasks, two hydraulic modeling codes contained in the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Multi-Dimensional Surface-Water Modeling System (MD_SWMS), System for Transport and River Modeling (SToRM) and Flow and Sediment Transport and Morphological Evolution of Channels (FaSTMECH), were used to provide predicted water-surface elevations, velocities, and boundary shear-stress values throughout the study reach of the Jordan River. A SToRM model of a 0.7 mile subreach containing the sheet-pile dam was used to compare water-surface elevations and velocities associated with the sheet-pile dam and a proposed replacement structure. Maps showing water-surface elevation and velocity differences computed from simulations of the historic sheet-pile dam and the proposed replacement structure topographies for streamflows of 500 and 1,000 cubic feet per second (ft3/s) were created. These difference maps indicated that the velocities associated with the proposed replacement structure topographies were less than or equal to those associated with the historic sheet-pile dam. Similarly, water-surface elevations associated with the proposed replacement structure topographies were all either greater than or equal to water-surface elevations associated with the sheet-pile dam. A FaSTMECH model was developed for the 2.5-mile study reach to aid engineers in bank stabilization designs. Predicted water-surface elevations, velocities and shear-stress values were mapped on an aerial photograph of the study reach to place these parameters in a spatial context. Profile plots of predicted cross-stream average water-surface elevations and cross-stream maximum and average velocities showed how these parameters change along the study reach for two simulated discharges of 1,040 ft3/s and 2,790 ft3/s. The profile plots for the simulated streamflow of 1,040 ft3/s show that the highest velocities are associated with the constructed sheet-pile replacement structure. Results for the simulated streamflow of 2,790 ft3/s indicate that the geometry of the 7800 South Bridge causes more backwater and higher velocities than the constructed sheet-pile replacement structure.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20115043","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","usgsCitation":"Kenney, T.A., and Freeman, M.L., 2011, Two-dimensional streamflow simulations of the Jordan River, Midvale and West Jordan, Utah: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5043, v, 39 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20115043.","productDescription":"v, 39 p.","numberOfPages":"50","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116900,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2011_5043.jpg"},{"id":415282,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_95165.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":14649,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5043/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":260023,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5043/pdf/sir20115043.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","city":"Midvale, West Jordan","otherGeospatial":"Jordan River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -111.9351143484441,\n 40.62646944830334\n ],\n [\n -111.9351143484441,\n 40.58951771050738\n ],\n [\n -111.90132213164156,\n 40.58951771050738\n ],\n [\n -111.90132213164156,\n 40.62646944830334\n ],\n [\n -111.9351143484441,\n 40.62646944830334\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a34e4b07f02db61a04e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kenney, Terry A. 0000-0003-4477-7295 tkenney@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4477-7295","contributorId":447,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kenney","given":"Terry","email":"tkenney@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":307832,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Freeman, Michael L. mfreeman@usgs.gov","contributorId":1042,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Freeman","given":"Michael","email":"mfreeman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":307833,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":99223,"text":"fs20113006 - 2011 - Groundwater quality in the Southern Sacramento Valley, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:39","indexId":"fs20113006","displayToPublicDate":"2011-04-29T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-3006","title":"Groundwater quality in the Southern Sacramento Valley, California","docAbstract":"Groundwater provides more than 40 percent of California's drinking water. To protect this vital resource, the State of California created the Groundwater Ambient Monitoring and Assessment (GAMA) Program. The Priority Basin Project of the GAMA Program provides a comprehensive assessment of the State's groundwater quality and increases public access to groundwater-quality information. The Southern Sacramento Valley is one of the study units being evaluated.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/fs20113006","collaboration":"U.S. Geological Survey and the California State Water Resources Control Board","usgsCitation":"Bennett, G.L., Fram, M.S., and Belitz, K., 2011, Groundwater quality in the Southern Sacramento Valley, California: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2011-3006, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20113006.","productDescription":"4 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116919,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2011_3006.bmp"},{"id":14645,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2011/3006/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a82e4b07f02db64b298","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bennett, George L. V 0000-0002-6239-1604 georbenn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6239-1604","contributorId":1373,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bennett","given":"George","suffix":"V","email":"georbenn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":307820,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fram, Miranda S. 0000-0002-6337-059X mfram@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6337-059X","contributorId":1156,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fram","given":"Miranda","email":"mfram@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":307819,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Belitz, Kenneth 0000-0003-4481-2345 kbelitz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4481-2345","contributorId":442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belitz","given":"Kenneth","email":"kbelitz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":307818,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":99220,"text":"sir20115002 - 2011 - Status of groundwater quality in the Southern, Middle, and Northern Sacramento Valley study units, 2005-08: California GAMA Priority Basin Project","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-07T18:46:11.471849","indexId":"sir20115002","displayToPublicDate":"2011-04-29T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-5002","title":"Status of groundwater quality in the Southern, Middle, and Northern Sacramento Valley study units, 2005-08: California GAMA Priority Basin Project","docAbstract":"Groundwater quality in the Southern, Middle, and Northern Sacramento Valley study units was investigated as part of the Priority Basin Project of the Groundwater Ambient Monitoring and Assessment (GAMA) Program. The study units are located in California’s Central Valley and include parts of Butte, Colusa, Glenn, Placer, Sacramento, Shasta, Solano, Sutter, Tehama, Yolo, and Yuba Counties. The GAMA Priority Basin Project is being conducted by the California State Water Resources Control Board in collaboration with the U.S. Geological Survey and the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory.
The three study units were designated to provide spatially-unbiased assessments of the quality of untreated groundwater in three parts of the Central Valley hydrogeologic province, as well as to provide a statistically consistent basis for comparing water quality regionally and statewide. Samples were collected in 2005 (Southern Sacramento Valley), 2006 (Middle Sacramento Valley), and 2007–08 (Northern Sacramento Valley).
The GAMA studies in the Southern, Middle, and Northern Sacramento Valley were designed to provide statistically robust assessments of the quality of untreated groundwater in the primary aquifer systems that are used for drinking-water supply. The assessments are based on water-quality data collected by the USGS from 235 wells in the three study units in 2005–08, and water-quality data from the California Department of Public Health (CDPH) database. The primary aquifer systems (hereinafter, referred to as primary aquifers) assessed in this study are defined by the depth intervals of the wells in the CDPH database for each study unit. The quality of groundwater in shallow or deep water-bearing zones may differ from quality of groundwater in the primary aquifers; shallow groundwater may be more vulnerable to contamination from the surface.
The status of the current quality of the groundwater resource was assessed by using data from samples analyzed for volatile organic compounds (VOC), pesticides, and naturally occurring inorganic constituents, such as major ions and trace elements. This status assessment is intended to characterize the quality of groundwater resources within the primary aquifers of the three Sacramento Valley study units, not the treated drinking water delivered to consumers by water purveyors.
Relative-concentrations (sample concentrations divided by benchmark concentrations) were used for evaluating groundwater quality for those constituents that have Federal or California regulatory or non-regulatory benchmarks for drinking-water quality. A relative-concentration greater than 1.0 indicates a concentration greater than a benchmark. For organic (volatile organic compounds and pesticides) and special-interest (perchlorate) constituents, relative-concentrations were classified as high (greater than 1.0); moderate (equal to or less than 1.0 and greater than 0.1); or low (equal to or less than 0.1). For inorganic (major ion, trace element, nutrient, and radioactive) constituents, the boundary between low and moderate relative-concentrations was set at 0.5.
Aquifer-scale proportions were used in the status assessment for evaluating regional-scale groundwater quality. High aquifer-scale proportion is defined as the percentage of the area of the primary aquifers that have a relative-concentration greater than 1.0 for a particular constituent or class of constituents; percentage is based on an areal rather than a volumetric basis. Moderate and low aquifer-scale proportions were defined as the percentage of the primary aquifers that have moderate and low relative-concentrations, respectively. Two statistical approaches—grid-based, which used one value per grid cell, and spatially-weighted, which used the full dataset—were used to calculate aquifer-scale proportions for individual constituents and classes of constituents.
High and moderate aquifer-scale proportions were significantly greater for inorganic constituents than organic constituents in all three study units. In the Southern Sacramento Valley study unit, relative-concentrations for one or more inorganic constituents with health-based benchmarks (HBBs) were high in 30 percent (%), moderate in 30%, and low in 40% of the primary aquifer. In the Middle Sacramento Valley study unit, aquifer-scale proportions for inorganic constituents with HBBs were high in 24%, moderate in 38%, and low in 38% of the primary aquifer. Arsenic, boron, and nitrate were detected at high relative-concentrations in the Southern and Middle Sacramento Valley study units. In the Northern Sacramento Valley study unit, high, moderate, and low relative-concentrations of inorganic constituents relative to HBBs were 2.1, 12, and 86% of the primary aquifer, respectively. Arsenic was the only constituent detected at high relative-concentrations. The high aquifer-scale proportions for inorganic constituents with non-health-based benchmarks were 32, 27, and 4.6% of the primary aquifer for the Southern, Middle, and Northern Sacramento Valley study units, respectively.
The high aquifer-scale proportions for organic constituents with HBBs were less than 1% in the Southern, Middle, and Northern Sacramento Valley study units. Organic constituents were detected at moderate relative-concentrations in about 3% of the Southern and Middle Sacramento Valley study units and in 1% of the Northern Sacramento Valley study unit. Of the 227 organic constituents analyzed for, 86 were detected, and of those detected, 56 have HBBs. Six organic constituents (atrazine, bentazon, chloroform, simazine, tetrachloroethene, and trichloroethene) were detected in 10% or more of the sampled wells in one or more of the three Sacramento Valley study units.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20115002","collaboration":"A product of the California Groundwater Ambient Monitoring and Assessment (GAMA) Program\r\nPrepared in cooperation with the California State Water Resources Control Board","usgsCitation":"Bennett, G.L., Fram, M.S., and Belitz, K., 2011, Status of groundwater quality in the Southern, Middle, and Northern Sacramento Valley study units, 2005-08: California GAMA Priority Basin Project: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5002, x, 119 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20115002.","productDescription":"x, 119 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116920,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2011_5002.jpg"},{"id":14642,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5002/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":408102,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_95153.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Sacramento Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.66259765625001,\n 38.039438891821746\n ],\n [\n -120.78369140624999,\n 38.298559092254344\n ],\n [\n -121.88232421875,\n 40.70562793820589\n ],\n [\n -122.904052734375,\n 40.57224011776902\n ],\n [\n -122.354736328125,\n 39.07890809706475\n ],\n [\n -121.66259765625001,\n 38.039438891821746\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abce4b07f02db673732","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bennett, George L. V 0000-0002-6239-1604 georbenn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6239-1604","contributorId":1373,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bennett","given":"George","suffix":"V","email":"georbenn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":307811,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fram, Miranda S. 0000-0002-6337-059X mfram@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6337-059X","contributorId":1156,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fram","given":"Miranda","email":"mfram@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":307810,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Belitz, Kenneth 0000-0003-4481-2345 kbelitz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4481-2345","contributorId":442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belitz","given":"Kenneth","email":"kbelitz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":307809,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":99219,"text":"ofr20111096 - 2011 - Results of an evaluation of the effectiveness of chlorine dioxide as a disinfectant for onsite household sewage treatment systems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:24","indexId":"ofr20111096","displayToPublicDate":"2011-04-29T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-1096","title":"Results of an evaluation of the effectiveness of chlorine dioxide as a disinfectant for onsite household sewage treatment systems","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20111096","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with The Ohio State University","usgsCitation":"Kephart, C.M., and Stoeckel, D.M., 2011, Results of an evaluation of the effectiveness of chlorine dioxide as a disinfectant for onsite household sewage treatment systems: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1096, iv, 10 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111096.","productDescription":"iv, 10 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":624,"text":"Water Resources","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116913,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2011_1096.gif"},{"id":14641,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1096/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ae4b07f02db624846","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kephart, Christopher M. 0000-0002-3369-5596 ckephart@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3369-5596","contributorId":1932,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kephart","given":"Christopher","email":"ckephart@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":35860,"text":"Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":307807,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stoeckel, Donald M.","contributorId":78384,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stoeckel","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307808,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":99224,"text":"sir20115027 - 2011 - Design and evaluation of a field study on the contamination of selected volatile organic compounds and wastewater-indicator compounds in blanks and groundwater samples","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-14T11:31:42","indexId":"sir20115027","displayToPublicDate":"2011-04-29T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-5027","title":"Design and evaluation of a field study on the contamination of selected volatile organic compounds and wastewater-indicator compounds in blanks and groundwater samples","docAbstract":"The Field Contamination Study (FCS) was designed to determine the field processes that tend to result in clean field blanks and to identify potential sources of contamination to blanks collected in the field from selected volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and wastewater-indicator compounds (WICs). The VOCs and WICs analyzed in the FCS were detected in blanks collected by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program during 1996–2008 and 2002–08, respectively. To minimize the number of variables, the study required ordering of supplies just before sampling, storage of supplies and equipment in clean areas, and use of adequate amounts of purge-and-trap volatile-grade methanol and volatile pesticide-grade blank water (VPBW) to clean sampling equipment and to collect field blanks.
Blanks and groundwater samples were collected during 2008–09 at 16 sites, which were a mix of water-supply and monitoring wells, located in 9 States. Five different sample types were collected for the FCS at each site: (1) a source-solution blank collected at the USGS National Water Quality Laboratory (NWQL) using laboratory-purged VPBW, (2) source-solution blanks collected in the field using laboratory-purged VPBW, (3) source-solution blanks collected in the field using field-purged VPBW, (4) a field blank collected using field-purged VPBW, and (5) a groundwater sample collected from a well. The source-solution blank and field-blank analyses were used to identify, quantify, and document extrinsic contamination and to help determine the sources and causes of data-quality problems that can affect groundwater samples.
Concentrations of compounds detected in FCS analyses were quantified and results were stored in the USGS National Water Information System database after meeting rigorous identification and quantification criteria. The study also utilized information provided by laboratory analysts about evidence indicating the presence of selected compounds, using less rigorous identification criteria than is required for reporting data to the National Water Information System database. For the FCS, these data are considered adequate to indicate \"evidence of presence,\" and were used only for diagnostic purposes. Evidence of VOCs and WICs at low concentrations near or less than the long-term method detection level can indicate a contamination problem that could affect future datasets if method detection levels were ever to be lowered.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20115027","collaboration":"National Water-Quality Assessment Program","usgsCitation":"Thiros, S.A., Bender, D.A., Mueller, D.K., Rose, D.L., Olsen, L., Martin, J.D., Bernard, B., and Zogorski, J.S., 2011, Design and evaluation of a field study on the contamination of selected volatile organic compounds and wastewater-indicator compounds in blanks and groundwater samples: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5027, x, 85 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20115027.","productDescription":"x, 85 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":509,"text":"Office of the Associate Director for Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":562,"text":"South Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5046,"text":"Branch of Analytical Serv (NWQL)","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116912,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2011_5027.jpg"},{"id":14646,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5027/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa9e4b07f02db667eb1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thiros, Susan A. 0000-0002-8544-553X sthiros@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8544-553X","contributorId":965,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thiros","given":"Susan","email":"sthiros@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":307822,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bender, David A. 0000-0002-1269-0948 dabender@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1269-0948","contributorId":985,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bender","given":"David","email":"dabender@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":562,"text":"South Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":307823,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mueller, David K. mueller@usgs.gov","contributorId":1585,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mueller","given":"David","email":"mueller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":307825,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rose, Donna L. 0000-0003-1216-9914 dlrose@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1216-9914","contributorId":4546,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rose","given":"Donna","email":"dlrose@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":5046,"text":"Branch of Analytical Serv (NWQL)","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":307827,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Olsen, Lisa D. ldolsen@usgs.gov","contributorId":2707,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olsen","given":"Lisa D.","email":"ldolsen@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":509,"text":"Office of the Associate Director for Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":307826,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Martin, Jeffrey D. 0000-0003-1994-5285 jdmartin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1994-5285","contributorId":1066,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jdmartin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27231,"text":"Indiana-Kentucky Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":307824,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Bernard, Bruce","contributorId":67170,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bernard","given":"Bruce","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307828,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Zogorski, John S. jszogors@usgs.gov","contributorId":189,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zogorski","given":"John","email":"jszogors@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":307821,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":9001476,"text":"ds585 - 2011 - EAARL Coastal Topography--Cape Canaveral, Florida, 2009: First Surface","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:50","indexId":"ds585","displayToPublicDate":"2011-04-29T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"585","title":"EAARL Coastal Topography--Cape Canaveral, Florida, 2009: First Surface","docAbstract":"These remotely sensed, geographically referenced elevation measurements of lidar-derived first-surface (FS) topography datasets were produced collaboratively by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center, St. Petersburg, FL, and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), Kennedy Space Center, FL. This project provides highly detailed and accurate datasets of a portion of the eastern Florida coastline beachface, acquired on May 28, 2009. The datasets are made available for use as a management tool to research scientists and natural-resource managers. An innovative airborne lidar instrument originally developed at the NASA Wallops Flight Facility, and known as the Experimental Advanced Airborne Research Lidar (EAARL), was used during data acquisition. The EAARL system is a raster-scanning, waveform-resolving, green-wavelength (532-nanometer) lidar designed to map near-shore bathymetry, topography, and vegetation structure simultaneously. The EAARL sensor suite includes the raster-scanning, water-penetrating full-waveform adaptive lidar, a down-looking red-green-blue (RGB) digital camera, a high-resolution multispectral color-infrared (CIR) camera, two precision dual-frequency kinematic carrier-phase GPS receivers, and an integrated miniature digital inertial measurement unit, which provide for sub-meter georeferencing of each laser sample. The nominal EAARL platform is a twin-engine aircraft, but the instrument was deployed on a Pilatus PC-6. A single pilot, a lidar operator, and a data analyst constitute the crew for most survey operations. This sensor has the potential to make significant contributions in measuring sub-aerial and submarine coastal topography within cross-environmental surveys. Elevation measurements were collected over the survey area using the EAARL system, and the resulting data were then processed using the Airborne Lidar Processing System (ALPS), a custom-built processing system developed in a NASA-USGS collaboration. ALPS supports the exploration and processing of lidar data in an interactive or batch mode. Modules for presurvey flight-line definition, flight-path plotting, lidar raster and waveform investigation, and digital camera image playback have been developed. Processing algorithms have been developed to extract the range to the first and last significant return within each waveform. ALPS is used routinely to create maps that represent submerged or sub-aerial topography. Specialized filtering algorithms have been implemented to determine the \"bare earth\" under vegetation from a point cloud of last return elevations.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds585","usgsCitation":"Bonisteel-Cormier, J., Nayegandhi, A., Plant, N., Wright, C.W., Nagle, D., Serafin, K., and Klipp, E., 2011, EAARL Coastal Topography--Cape Canaveral, Florida, 2009: First Surface: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 585, HTML document, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds585.","productDescription":"HTML document","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116188,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds_585.bmp"},{"id":115726,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/585/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a58e4b07f02db62f445","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bonisteel-Cormier, J.M.","contributorId":8060,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bonisteel-Cormier","given":"J.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344571,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nayegandhi, Amar","contributorId":37292,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nayegandhi","given":"Amar","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344572,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Plant, Nathaniel 0000-0002-5703-5672","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5703-5672","contributorId":81234,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plant","given":"Nathaniel","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":344575,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wright, C. W. wwright@usgs.gov","contributorId":49758,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"C.","email":"wwright@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344574,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Nagle, D.B.","contributorId":40568,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nagle","given":"D.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344573,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Serafin, K.S.","contributorId":88860,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Serafin","given":"K.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344576,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Klipp, E.S.","contributorId":100340,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klipp","given":"E.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344577,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":99222,"text":"fs20113005 - 2011 - Groundwater quality in the Middle Sacramento Valley, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:33","indexId":"fs20113005","displayToPublicDate":"2011-04-29T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-3005","title":"Groundwater quality in the Middle Sacramento Valley, California","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/fs20113005","collaboration":"U.S. Geological Survey and the California State Water Resources Control Board","usgsCitation":"Bennett, G.L., Fram, M.S., and Belitz, K., 2011, Groundwater quality in the Middle Sacramento Valley, California: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2011-3005, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20113005.","productDescription":"4 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116916,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2011_3005.bmp"},{"id":14644,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2011/3005/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a95e4b07f02db659ff7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bennett, George L. V 0000-0002-6239-1604 georbenn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6239-1604","contributorId":1373,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bennett","given":"George","suffix":"V","email":"georbenn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":307817,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fram, Miranda S. 0000-0002-6337-059X mfram@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6337-059X","contributorId":1156,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fram","given":"Miranda","email":"mfram@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":307816,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Belitz, Kenneth 0000-0003-4481-2345 kbelitz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4481-2345","contributorId":442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belitz","given":"Kenneth","email":"kbelitz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":307815,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":99225,"text":"sir20115035 - 2011 - Use of a two-dimensional hydrodynamic model to evaluate extreme flooding and transport of dissolved solids through Devils Lake and Stump Lake, North Dakota, 2006","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-09T13:31:41","indexId":"sir20115035","displayToPublicDate":"2011-04-29T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-5035","title":"Use of a two-dimensional hydrodynamic model to evaluate extreme flooding and transport of dissolved solids through Devils Lake and Stump Lake, North Dakota, 2006","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the North Dakota Department of Transportation, North Dakota State Water Commission, and U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, developed a two-dimensional hydrodynamic model of Devils Lake and Stump Lake, North Dakota to be used as a hydrologic tool for evaluating the effects of different inflow scenarios on water levels, circulation, and the transport of dissolved solids through the lake. The numerical model, UnTRIM, and data primarily collected during 2006 were used to develop and calibrate the Devils Lake model. Performance of the Devils Lake model was tested using 2009 data. The Devils Lake model was applied to evaluate the effects of an extreme flooding event on water levels and hydrological modifications within the lake on the transport of dissolved solids through Devils Lake and Stump Lake.\r\n\r\nFor the 2006 calibration, simulated water levels in Devils Lake compared well with measured water levels. The maximum simulated water level at site 1 was within 0.13 feet of the maximum measured water level in the calibration, which gives reasonable confidence that the Devils Lake model is able to accurately simulate the maximum water level at site 1 for the extreme flooding scenario. The timing and direction of winddriven fluctuations in water levels on a short time scale (a few hours to a day) were reproduced well by the Devils Lake model. For this application, the Devils Lake model was not optimized for simulation of the current speed through bridge openings. In future applications, simulation of current speed through bridge openings could be improved by more accurate definition of the bathymetry and geometry of select areas in the model grid.\r\n\r\nAs a test of the performance of the Devils Lake model, a simulation of 2009 conditions from April 1 through September 30, 2009 was performed. Overall, errors in inflow estimates affected the results for the 2009 simulation; however, for the rising phase of the lakes, the Devils Lake model accurately simulated the faster rate of rise in Devils Lake than in Stump Lake, and timing and direction of wind-driven fluctuations in water levels on a short time scale were reproduced well.\r\n\r\nTo help the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers determine the elevation to which the protective embankment for the city of Devils Lake should be raised, an extreme flooding scenario based on an inflow of one-half the probable maximum flood was simulated. Under the conditions and assumptions of the extreme flooding scenario, the water level for both lakes reached a maximum water level around 1,461.9 feet above the National Geodetic Vertical Datum of 1929.\r\n\r\nOne factor limiting the extent of pumping from the Devils Lake State Outlet is sulfate concentrations in West Bay. If sulfate concentrations can be reduced in West Bay, pumping from the Devils Lake State Outlet potentially can increase. The Devils Lake model was used to simulate the transport of dissolved solids using specific conductance data as a surrogate for sulfate. Because the transport of dissolved solids was not calibrated, results from the simulations were not actual expected concentrations. However, the effects of hydrological modifications on the transport of dissolved solids could be evaluated by comparing the effects of hydrological modifications relative to a baseline scenario in which no hydrological modifications were made. Four scenarios were simulated: (1) baseline condition (no hydrological modification), (2) diversion of Channel A, (3) reduction of the area of water exchange between Main Bay and East Bay, and (4) combination of scenarios 2 and 3. Relative to scenario 1, mean concentrations in West Bay for scenarios 2 and 4 were reduced by approximately 9 percent. Given that there is no change in concentration for scenario 3, but about a 9-percent reduction in concentration for scenario 4, the diversion of Channel A was the only hydrologic modification that appeared to have the potential to reduce sulfate c","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20115035","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with North Dakota Department of Transportation, North Dakota State Water Commission and U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","usgsCitation":"Nustad, R.A., Wood, T.M., and Bales, J.D., 2011, Use of a two-dimensional hydrodynamic model to evaluate extreme flooding and transport of dissolved solids through Devils Lake and Stump Lake, North Dakota, 2006: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5035, vi, 33 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20115035.","productDescription":"vi, 33 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116918,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2011_5035.jpg"},{"id":14647,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5035/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6ae3ff","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nustad, Rochelle A. 0000-0002-4713-5944 ranustad@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4713-5944","contributorId":1811,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nustad","given":"Rochelle","email":"ranustad@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":307831,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wood, Tamara M. 0000-0001-6057-8080 tmwood@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6057-8080","contributorId":1164,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wood","given":"Tamara","email":"tmwood@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":307830,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bales, Jerad D. 0000-0001-8398-6984 jdbales@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8398-6984","contributorId":683,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bales","given":"Jerad","email":"jdbales@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5058,"text":"Office of the Chief Scientist for Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":307829,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":99221,"text":"fs20113004 - 2011 - Groundwater quality in the Northern Sacramento Valley, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:33","indexId":"fs20113004","displayToPublicDate":"2011-04-29T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-3004","title":"Groundwater quality in the Northern Sacramento Valley, California","docAbstract":"Groundwater provides more than 40 percent of California's drinking water. To protect this vital resource, the State of California created the Groundwater Ambient Monitoring and Assessment (GAMA) Program. The Priority Basin Project of the GAMA Program provides a comprehensive assessment of the State's groundwater quality and increases public access to groundwater-quality information. The Northern Sacramento Valley is one of the study units being evaluated.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/fs20113004","collaboration":"U.S. Geological Survey and the California State Water Resources Control Board","usgsCitation":"Bennett, G.L., Fram, M.S., and Belitz, K., 2011, Groundwater quality in the Northern Sacramento Valley, California: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2011-3004, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20113004.","productDescription":"4 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116915,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2011_3004.jpg"},{"id":14643,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2011/3004/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afbe4b07f02db696293","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bennett, George L. V 0000-0002-6239-1604 georbenn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6239-1604","contributorId":1373,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bennett","given":"George","suffix":"V","email":"georbenn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":307814,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fram, Miranda S. 0000-0002-6337-059X mfram@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6337-059X","contributorId":1156,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fram","given":"Miranda","email":"mfram@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":307813,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Belitz, Kenneth 0000-0003-4481-2345 kbelitz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4481-2345","contributorId":442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belitz","given":"Kenneth","email":"kbelitz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":307812,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70171002,"text":"70171002 - 2011 - Biodegradation and attenuation of steroidal hormones and alkylphenols by stream biofilms and sediments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-14T08:05:17","indexId":"70171002","displayToPublicDate":"2011-04-26T05:15:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Biodegradation and attenuation of steroidal hormones and alkylphenols by stream biofilms and sediments","docAbstract":"Biodegradation of select endocrine-disrupting compounds (17β-estradiol, estrone, 17α-ethynylestradiol, 4-nonylphenol, 4-nonylphenolmonoexthoylate, and 4-nonylphenoldiethoxylate) was evaluated in stream biofilm, sediment, and water matrices collected from locations upstream and downstream from a wastewater treatment plant effluent discharge. Both biologically mediated transformation to intermediate metabolites and biologically mediated mineralization were evaluated in separate time interval experiments. Initial time intervals (0–7 d) evaluated biodegradation by the microbial community dominant at the time of sampling. Later time intervals (70 and 185 d) evaluated the biodegradation potential as the microbial community adapted to the absence of outside energy sources. The sediment matrix was more effective than the biofilm and water matrices at biodegrading 4-nonylphenol and 17β-estradiol. Biodegradation by the sediment matrix of 17α-ethynylestradiol occurred at later time intervals (70 and 185 d) and was not observed in the biofilm or water matrices. Stream biofilms play an important role in the attenuation of endocrine-disrupting compounds in surface waters due to both biodegradation and sorption processes. Because sorption to stream biofilms and bed sediments occurs on a faster temporal scale (<1 h) than the potential to biodegrade the target compounds (50% mineralization at >185 d), these compounds can accumulate in stream biofilms and sediments.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Chemical Society","doi":"10.1021/es2000134","usgsCitation":"Writer, J., Barber, L.B., Ryan, J.N., and Bradley, P., 2011, Biodegradation and attenuation of steroidal hormones and alkylphenols by stream biofilms and sediments: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 45, no. 10, p. 4370-4376, https://doi.org/10.1021/es2000134.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"4370","endPage":"4376","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-026184","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":321286,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"45","issue":"10","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-04-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"574d644ee4b07e28b66835b3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Writer, Jeffrey 0000-0002-8585-8166 jwriter@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8585-8166","contributorId":169360,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Writer","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jwriter@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":629445,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barber, Larry B. 0000-0002-0561-0831 lbbarber@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0561-0831","contributorId":921,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barber","given":"Larry","email":"lbbarber@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":629446,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ryan, Joseph N.","contributorId":54290,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ryan","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":604,"text":"University of Colorado- Boulder","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":629447,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bradley, Paul M.","contributorId":169364,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bradley","given":"Paul M.","affiliations":[{"id":25482,"text":"U.S.G.S., Columbia, SC","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":629448,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":9001470,"text":"sir20115003 - 2011 - Mass of chlorinated volatile organic compounds removed by Pump-and-Treat, Naval Air Warfare Center, West Trenton, New Jersey, 1996-2010","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-07-25T15:47:16","indexId":"sir20115003","displayToPublicDate":"2011-04-26T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-5003","title":"Mass of chlorinated volatile organic compounds removed by Pump-and-Treat, Naval Air Warfare Center, West Trenton, New Jersey, 1996-2010","docAbstract":"Pump and Treat (P&T) remediation is the primary technique used to contain and remove trichloroethylene (TCE) and its degradation products cis 1-2,dichloroethylene (cDCE) and vinyl chloride (VC) from groundwater at the Naval Air Warfare Center (NAWC), West Trenton, NJ. Three methods were used to determine the masses of TCE, cDCE, and VC removed from groundwater by the P&T system since it became fully operational in 1996. Method 1, is based on the flow volume and concentrations of TCE, cDCE, and VC in groundwater that entered the P&T building as influent. Method 2 is based on withdrawal volume from each active recovery well and the concentrations of TCE, cDCE, and VC in the water samples from each well. Method 3 compares the maximum monthly amount of TCE, cDCE, and VC from Method 1 and Method 2. The greater of the two values is selected to represent the masses of TCE, cDCE and VC removed from groundwater each month. Previously published P&T monthly reports used Method 1 to determine the mass of TCE, cDCE, and VC removed. The reports state that 8,666 pounds (lbs) of TCE, 13,689 lbs of cDCE, and 2,455 lbs of VC were removed by the P&T system during 1996-2010. By using Method 2, the mass removed was determined to be 8,985 lbs of TCE, 17,801 lbs of cDCE, and 3,056 lbs of VC removed, and Method 3, resulted in 10,602 lbs of TCE, 21,029 lbs of cDCE, and 3,496 lbs of VC removed. To determine the mass of original TCE removed from groundwater, the individual masses of TCE, cDCE, and VC (determined using Methods 1, 2, and 3) were converted to numbers of moles, summed, and converted to pounds of original TCE. By using the molar conversion the mass of original TCE removed from groundwater by Methods 1, 2, and 3 was 32,381 lbs, 39,535 lbs, and 46,452 lbs, respectively, during 1996-2010. P&T monthly reports state that 24,805 lbs of summed TCE, cDCE, and VC were removed from groundwater. The simple summing method underestimates the mass of original TCE removed by the P&T system.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20115003","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Navy","usgsCitation":"Lacombe, P., 2011, Mass of chlorinated volatile organic compounds removed by Pump-and-Treat, Naval Air Warfare Center, West Trenton, New Jersey, 1996-2010: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5003, ix, 32 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20115003.","productDescription":"ix, 32 p.","numberOfPages":"48","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"1996-01-01","temporalEnd":"2010-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116844,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2011_5003.png"},{"id":14630,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5003/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"2244","country":"United States","state":"New Jersey","county":"Mercer","city":"West Trenton","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -74.80083333333333,40.266666666666666 ], [ -74.80083333333333,40.26694444444444 ], [ -74.80138888888888,40.26694444444444 ], [ -74.80138888888888,40.266666666666666 ], [ -74.80083333333333,40.266666666666666 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a26e4b07f02db60fda8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lacombe, Pierre J. placombe@usgs.gov","contributorId":2486,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lacombe","given":"Pierre J.","email":"placombe@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":344561,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ]}