The overall median total suspended solids (TSS) concentration was highest in Baird Creek (73.5 mg/L), followed by Apple and Ashwaubenon Creeks (65 mg/L), East River (40 mg/L), and Duck Creek (30 mg/L). The median total phosphorus (TP) concentration was highest in Ashwaubenon Creek (0.60 mg/L), followed by Baird Creek (0.47 mg/L), Apple Creek (0.37 mg/L), East River (0.26 mg/L), and Duck Creek (0.22 mg/L).
\nThe average annual TSS yields ranged from 111 tons/mi2 in Apple Creek to 45 tons/mi2 in Duck Creek. All five watersheds yielded more TSS than the median value (32.4 tons/mi2) from previous studies in the Southeastern Wisconsin Till Plains (SWTP) ecoregion. The average annual TP yields ranged from 663 lbs/mi2 in Baird Creek to 382 lbs/mi2 in Duck Creek. All five watersheds yielded more TP than the median value from previous studies in the SWTP ecoregion, and the Baird Creek watershed yielded more TP than the statewide median of 650 lbs/mi2 from previous studies.Overall, Duck Creek had the lowest median and volumetric weighted concentrations and mean yield of TSS and TP. The same pattern was true for dissolved phosphorus (DP), except the volumetrically weighted concentration was lowest in the East River. In contrast, Ashwaubenon, Baird, and Apple Creeks had greater median and volumetrically weighted concentrations and mean yields of TSS, TP, DP than Duck Creek and the East River. Water quality in Duck Creek and East River were distinctly different from Ashwaubenon, Baird, and Apple Creeks. Loads from individual runoff events for all of these streams were important to the total annual mass transport of the constituents. On average, about 20 percent of the annual TSS loads and about 17 percent of the TP loads were transported in 1-day events in each stream.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20115111","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the University of Wisconsin-Green Bay","usgsCitation":"Graczyk, D., Robertson, D.M., Baumgart, P.D., and Fermanich, K., 2011, Hydrology, phosphorus, and suspended solids in five agricultural streams in the Lower Fox River and Green Bay Watersheds, Wisconsin, Water Years 2004-06: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5111, vi, 28 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20115111.","productDescription":"vi, 28 p.","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":204742,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2011_5111.gif"},{"id":116345,"rank":0,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5111/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","otherGeospatial":"Lower Fox River Watershed;Green Bay Watershed","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a377ee4b0c8380cd60f10","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Graczyk, David J.","contributorId":107265,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graczyk","given":"David J.","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":356385,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Robertson, Dale M. 0000-0001-6799-0596 dzrobert@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6799-0596","contributorId":150760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robertson","given":"Dale","email":"dzrobert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":356382,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Baumgart, Paul D.","contributorId":92423,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baumgart","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356384,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fermanich, Kevin 0000-0002-5354-2941","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5354-2941","contributorId":63945,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fermanich","given":"Kevin","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":35036,"text":"University of Wisconsin-Green Bay","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":356383,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70006019,"text":"70006019 - 2011 - Unmarked: An R package for fitting hierarchical models of wildlife occurrence and abundance","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-17T15:28:58.553656","indexId":"70006019","displayToPublicDate":"2012-02-12T18:59:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2465,"text":"Journal of Statistical Software","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Unmarked: An R package for fitting hierarchical models of wildlife occurrence and abundance","docAbstract":"
Ecological research uses data collection techniques that are prone to substantial and unique types of measurement error to address scientific questions about species abundance and distribution. These data collection schemes include a number of survey methods in which unmarked individuals are counted, or determined to be present, at spatially- referenced sites. Examples include site occupancy sampling, repeated counts, distance sampling, removal sampling, and double observer sampling. To appropriately analyze these data, hierarchical models have been developed to separately model explanatory variables of both a latent abundance or occurrence process and a conditional detection process. Because these models have a straightforward interpretation paralleling mechanisms under which the data arose, they have recently gained immense popularity. The common hierarchical structure of these models is well-suited for a unified modeling interface. The R package unmarked provides such a unified modeling framework, including tools for data exploration, model fitting, model criticism, post-hoc analysis, and model comparison.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Statistical Association","publisherLocation":"Alexandria, VA","doi":"10.18637/jss.v043.i10","usgsCitation":"Fiske, I.J., and Chandler, R.B., 2011, Unmarked: An R package for fitting hierarchical models of wildlife occurrence and abundance: Journal of Statistical Software, v. 43, no. 10, 23 p., https://doi.org/10.18637/jss.v043.i10.","productDescription":"23 p.","numberOfPages":"23","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474760,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.18637/jss.v043.i10","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":204564,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"43","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bd352e4b08c986b32fce6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fiske, Ian J.","contributorId":96411,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fiske","given":"Ian","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353683,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chandler, Richard B. rchandler@usgs.gov","contributorId":63524,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chandler","given":"Richard","email":"rchandler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353682,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70005478,"text":"70005478 - 2011 - Winter distribution of willow flycatcher subspecies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-21T18:19:42.433925","indexId":"70005478","displayToPublicDate":"2012-02-12T16:37:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3551,"text":"The Condor","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Winter distribution of willow flycatcher subspecies","docAbstract":"Documenting how different regions across a species' breeding and nonbreeding range are linked via migratory movements is the first step in understanding how events in one region can influence events in others and is critical to identifying conservation threats throughout a migratory animal's annual cycle. We combined two studies that evaluated migratory connectivity in the Willow Flycatcher (Empidonax traillii), one using mitochondrial DNA sequences from 172 flycatchers sampled throughout their winter range, and another which examined morphological characteristics of 68 museum specimens collected in the winter range. Our results indicate that the four subspecies occupy distinct but overlapping regions of the winter range. Connectivity between specific breeding and winter grounds appears to be moderate to strong, with distributions that suggest migration patterns of both the chain and leap-frog types connecting the breeding and nonbreeding grounds. The Pacific lowlands of Costa Rica appear to be a key winter location for the endangered Southwestern Willow Flycatcher (E. t. extimus), although other countries in Central America may also be important for the subspecies.
","language":"English","publisher":"Cooper Ornithological Society","publisherLocation":"Waco, TX","doi":"10.1525/cond.2011.090200","usgsCitation":"Paxton, E.H., Unitt, P., Sogge, M.K., Whitfield, M., and Keim, P., 2011, Winter distribution of willow flycatcher subspecies: The Condor, v. 113, no. 3, p. 608-618, https://doi.org/10.1525/cond.2011.090200.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"608","endPage":"618","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5049,"text":"Pacific Islands Ecosys Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474762,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1525/cond.2011.090200","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":204602,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"113","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bd145e4b08c986b32f320","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Paxton, Eben H. 0000-0001-5578-7689","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5578-7689","contributorId":19640,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paxton","given":"Eben","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":5049,"text":"Pacific Islands Ecosys Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":352620,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Unitt, Philip","contributorId":11761,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Unitt","given":"Philip","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352619,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sogge, Mark K. 0000-0002-8337-5689 mark_sogge@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8337-5689","contributorId":3710,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sogge","given":"Mark","email":"mark_sogge@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":352618,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Whitfield, Mary","contributorId":20070,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whitfield","given":"Mary","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352621,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Keim, Paul","contributorId":93010,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Keim","given":"Paul","affiliations":[{"id":12698,"text":"Northern Arizona University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":352622,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70007092,"text":"70007092 - 2011 - Wildlife conservation and solar energy development in the Desert Southwest, United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-06T17:04:11.316692","indexId":"70007092","displayToPublicDate":"2012-02-12T15:50:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":997,"text":"BioScience","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Wildlife conservation and solar energy development in the Desert Southwest, United States","docAbstract":"Large areas of public land are currently being permitted or evaluated for utility-scale solar energy development (USSED) in the southwestern United States, including areas with high biodiversity and protected species. However, peer-reviewed studies of the effects of USSED on wildlife are lacking. The potential effects of the construction and the eventual decommissioning of solar energy facilities include the direct mortality of wildlife; environmental impacts of fugitive dust and dust suppressants; destruction and modification of habitat, including the impacts of roads; and off-site impacts related to construction material acquisition, processing, and transportation. The potential effects of the operation and maintenance of the facilities include habitat fragmentation and barriers to gene flow, increased noise, electromagnetic field generation, microclimate alteration, pollution, water consumption, and fire. Facility design effects, the efficacy of site-selection criteria, and the cumulative effects of USSED on regional wildlife populations are unknown. Currently available peer-reviewed data are insufficient to allow a rigorous assessment of the impact of USSED on wildlife.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Institute of Biological Sciences","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1525/bio.2011.61.12.8","usgsCitation":"Lovich, J.E., and Ennen, J.R., 2011, Wildlife conservation and solar energy development in the Desert Southwest, United States: BioScience, v. 61, no. 12, p. 982-992, https://doi.org/10.1525/bio.2011.61.12.8.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"982","endPage":"992","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474763,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1525/bio.2011.61.12.8","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":204613,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": 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Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":355801,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ennen, Josua R.","contributorId":92799,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ennen","given":"Josua","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":355802,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70003713,"text":"70003713 - 2011 - Investigating and managing the rapid emergence of white-nose syndrome, a novel, fatal, infectious disease of hibernating bats","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-07T20:16:02.726473","indexId":"70003713","displayToPublicDate":"2012-02-12T14:24:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1321,"text":"Conservation Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Investigating and managing the rapid emergence of white-nose syndrome, a novel, fatal, infectious disease of hibernating bats","docAbstract":"White-nose syndrome (WNS) is a fatal disease of bats that hibernate. The etiologic agent of WNS is the fungus Geomyces destructans, which infects the skin and wing membranes. Over 1 million bats in six species in eastern North America have died from WNS since 2006, and as a result several species of bats may become endangered or extinct. Information is lacking on the pathogenesis of G. destructans and WNS, WNS transmission and maintenance, individual and site factors that contribute to the probability of an outbreak of WNS, and spatial dynamics of WNS spread in North America. We considered how descriptive and analytical epidemiology could be used to fill these information gaps, including a four-step (modified) outbreak investigation, application of a set of criteria (Hill's) for assessing causation, compartment models of disease dynamics, and spatial modeling. We cataloged and critiqued adaptive-management options that have been either previously proposed for WNS or were helpful in addressing other emerging diseases of wild animals. These include an ongoing program of prospective surveillance of bats and hibernacula for WNS, treatment of individual bats, increasing population resistance to WNS (through vaccines, immunomodulators, or other methods), improving probability of survival from starvation and dehydration associated with WNS, modifying hibernacula environments to eliminate G. destructans, culling individuals or populations, controlling anthropogenic spread of WNS, conserving genetic diversity of bats, and educating the public about bats and bat conservation issues associated with WNS.","language":"English","publisher":"Society for Conservation Biology","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1111/j.1523-1739.2010.01638.x","usgsCitation":"Foley, J., Clifford, D., Castle, K., Cryan, P.M., and Ostfeld, R.S., 2011, Investigating and managing the rapid emergence of white-nose syndrome, a novel, fatal, infectious disease of hibernating bats: Conservation Biology, v. 25, no. 2, p. 223-231, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-1739.2010.01638.x.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"223","endPage":"231","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":547,"text":"Rocky Mountain Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":204606,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, Mexico, United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -104.94140625,\n 21.616579336740603\n ],\n [\n -97.734375,\n 21.289374355860424\n ],\n [\n -96.15234375,\n 28.613459424004414\n ],\n [\n -89.47265625,\n 29.075375179558346\n ],\n [\n -85.60546875,\n 29.075375179558346\n ],\n [\n -81.5625,\n 24.5271348225978\n ],\n [\n -78.92578124999999,\n 27.839076094777816\n ],\n [\n -81.03515625,\n 31.353636941500987\n ],\n [\n -72.7734375,\n 39.095962936305476\n ],\n [\n -57.83203125,\n 46.558860303117164\n ],\n [\n -69.08203125,\n 51.6180165487737\n ],\n [\n -75.234375,\n 53.64463782485651\n ],\n [\n -108.984375,\n 55.47885346331034\n ],\n [\n -130.95703125,\n 54.57206165565852\n ],\n [\n -127.08984375000001,\n 48.10743118848039\n ],\n [\n -124.45312499999999,\n 45.583289756006316\n ],\n [\n -126.03515625,\n 39.36827914916014\n ],\n [\n -117.94921874999999,\n 31.952162238024975\n ],\n [\n -113.90625,\n 25.005972656239187\n ],\n [\n -105.8203125,\n 21.616579336740603\n ],\n [\n -104.94140625,\n 21.616579336740603\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"25","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-02-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3e66e4b0c8380cd63d4b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Foley, Janet","contributorId":64799,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foley","given":"Janet","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348435,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Clifford, Deana","contributorId":71316,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clifford","given":"Deana","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348437,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Castle, Kevin","contributorId":87286,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Castle","given":"Kevin","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348438,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cryan, Paul M. 0000-0002-2915-8894 cryanp@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2915-8894","contributorId":2356,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cryan","given":"Paul","email":"cryanp@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":547,"text":"Rocky Mountain Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":348434,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ostfeld, Richard S.","contributorId":64800,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ostfeld","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348436,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70005090,"text":"70005090 - 2011 - What makes a natural clay antibacterial?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-14T10:25:50","indexId":"70005090","displayToPublicDate":"2012-02-12T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"What makes a natural clay antibacterial?","docAbstract":"Natural clays have been used in ancient and modern medicine, but the mechanism(s) that make certain clays lethal against bacterial pathogens has not been identified. We have compared the depositional environments, mineralogies, and chemistries of clays that exhibit antibacterial effects on a broad spectrum of human pathogens including antibiotic resistant strains. Natural antibacterial clays contain nanoscale (<200 nm), illite-smectite and reduced iron phases. The role of clay minerals in the bactericidal process is to buffer the aqueous pH and oxidation state to conditions that promote Fe2+ solubility.
\nChemical analyses of E. coli killed by aqueous leachates of an antibacterial clay show that intracellular concentrations of Fe and P are elevated relative to controls. Phosphorus uptake by the cells supports a regulatory role of polyphosphate or phospholipids in controlling Fe2+. Fenton reaction products can degrade critical cell components, but we deduce that extracellular processes do not cause cell death. Rather, Fe2+ overwhelms outer membrane regulatory proteins and is oxidized when it enters the cell, precipitating Fe3+ and producing lethal hydroxyl radicals.
","language":"English","publisher":"ACS Publications","doi":"10.1021/es1040688","usgsCitation":"Williams, L.B., Metge, D.W., Eberl, D.D., Harvey, R.W., Turner, A.G., Prapaipong, P., and Port-Peterson, A.T., 2011, What makes a natural clay antibacterial?: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 45, no. 8, p. 3768-3773, https://doi.org/10.1021/es1040688.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"3768","endPage":"3773","costCenters":[{"id":145,"text":"Branch of Regional Research-Central Region","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474765,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3126108","text":"External Repository"},{"id":204599,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"45","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-03-17","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bd042e4b08c986b32ed63","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Williams, Lynda B.","contributorId":28007,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"Lynda","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351983,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Metge, David W. dwmetge@usgs.gov","contributorId":663,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Metge","given":"David","email":"dwmetge@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":351982,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Eberl, Dennis D.","contributorId":68388,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eberl","given":"Dennis","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351987,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Harvey, Ronald W. 0000-0002-2791-8503 rwharvey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2791-8503","contributorId":564,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harvey","given":"Ronald","email":"rwharvey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":351981,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Turner, Amanda G.","contributorId":57206,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Turner","given":"Amanda","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351986,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Prapaipong, Panjai","contributorId":41138,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prapaipong","given":"Panjai","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351985,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Port-Peterson, Amisha T.","contributorId":34261,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Port-Peterson","given":"Amisha","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351984,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70007352,"text":"ofr20111313 - 2011 - Mountain goat abundance and population trends in the Olympic Mountains, Washington, 2011","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70007352,"text":"ofr20111313 - 2011 - Mountain goat abundance and population trends in the Olympic Mountains, Washington, 2011","indexId":"ofr20111313","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"title":"Mountain goat abundance and population trends in the Olympic Mountains, Washington, 2011"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":70040794,"text":"70040794 - 2012 - Recent population trends of mountain goats in the Olympic Mountains, Washington","indexId":"70040794","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"title":"Recent population trends of mountain goats in the Olympic Mountains, Washington"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":70040794,"text":"70040794 - 2012 - Recent population trends of mountain goats in the Olympic Mountains, Washington","indexId":"70040794","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"title":"Recent population trends of mountain goats in the Olympic Mountains, Washington"},"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-15T14:36:54","indexId":"ofr20111313","displayToPublicDate":"2012-02-09T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-1313","title":"Mountain goat abundance and population trends in the Olympic Mountains, Washington, 2011","docAbstract":"We conducted an aerial helicopter survey between July 18 and July 25, 2011, to estimate abundance and trends of introduced mountain goats (Oreamnos americanus) in the Olympic Mountains. The survey was the first since we developed a sightability correction model in 2008, which provided the means to estimate the number of mountain goats present in the surveyed areas and not seen during the aerial surveys, and to adjust for undercounting biases. Additionally, the count was the first since recent telemetry studies revealed that the previously defined survey zone, which was delineated at lower elevations by the 1,520-meter elevation contour, did not encompass all lands used by mountain goats during summer. We redefined the lower elevation boundary of survey units before conducting the 2011 surveys in an effort to more accurately estimate the entire mountain goat population. We surveyed 39 survey units, comprising 39 percent of the 59,615-hectare survey area. We estimated a mountain goat population of 344±44 (standard error, SE) in the expanded survey area. Based on this level of estimation uncertainty, the 95-percent confidence interval ranged from 258 to 430 mountain goats at the time of the survey. To permit comparisons of mountain goat populations between the 2004 and 2011 surveys, we recomputed population estimates derived from the 2004 survey using the newly developed bias correction methods, and we computed the 2004 and 2011 surveys based on comparable survey zone definitions (for example, using the boundaries of the 2004 survey). The recomputed estimates of mountain goat populations were 217±19 (SE) in 2004 and 303±41(SE) in 2011. The difference between the current 2011 population estimate (344±44[SE]) and the recomputed 2011 estimate (303±41[SE]) reflects the number of mountain goats counted in the expanded lower elevation portions of the survey zone added in 2011. We conclude that the population of mountain goats has increased in the Olympic Mountains at an average rate of 4.9±2.2(SE) percent annually since 2004. We caution that the estimated rate of population growth may be conservative if severe spring weather deterred some mountain goats from reaching the high-elevation survey areas during the 2011 surveys. If the estimated average rate of population growth were to remain constant in the future, then the population would double in approximately 14-15 years.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20111313","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. National Park Service","usgsCitation":"Jenkins, K., Happe, P., Griffin, P., Beirne, K., Hoffman, R., and Baccus, W., 2011, Mountain goat abundance and population trends in the Olympic Mountains, Washington, 2011: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1313, iv, 16 p.; Appendices, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111313.","productDescription":"iv, 16 p.; Appendices","startPage":"i","endPage":"16","temporalStart":"2011-07-18","temporalEnd":"2011-07-25","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116817,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2011_1313.jpg"},{"id":115792,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1313/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Olympic Mountains","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124,47.5 ], [ -124,48.083333333333336 ], [ -122.66666666666667,48.083333333333336 ], [ -122.66666666666667,47.5 ], [ -124,47.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5eb3e4b0c8380cd70bf8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jenkins, Kurt","contributorId":30681,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jenkins","given":"Kurt","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":356307,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Happe, Patricia","contributorId":83248,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Happe","given":"Patricia","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356309,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Griffin, Paul C. pgriffin@usgs.gov","contributorId":3402,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Griffin","given":"Paul C.","email":"pgriffin@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":356305,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Beirne, Katherine","contributorId":58754,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beirne","given":"Katherine","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356308,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hoffman, Roger","contributorId":102192,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoffman","given":"Roger","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356310,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Baccus, William","contributorId":22497,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baccus","given":"William","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356306,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70007325,"text":"sir20115195 - 2011 - Gas hydrate prospecting using well cuttings and mud-gas geochemistry from 35 wells, North Slope, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-09T23:21:54","indexId":"sir20115195","displayToPublicDate":"2012-02-08T10:53:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-5195","title":"Gas hydrate prospecting using well cuttings and mud-gas geochemistry from 35 wells, North Slope, Alaska","docAbstract":"Gas hydrate deposits are common on the North Slope of Alaska around Prudhoe Bay; however, the extent of these deposits is unknown outside of this area. As part of a U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and Bureau of Land Management gas hydrate research collaboration, well-cutting and mud-gas samples have been collected and analyzed from mainly industry-drilled wells on the North Slope for the purpose of prospecting for gas hydrate deposits. On the Alaska North Slope, gas hydrates are now recognized as an element within a petroleum systems approach or \"total petroleum system.\" Since 1979, 35 wells have been sampled from as far west as Wainwright to Prudhoe Bay in the east. Regionally, the USGS has assessed the gas hydrate resources of the North Slope and determined that there is about 85.4 trillion cubic feet of technically recoverable hydrate-bound gas within three assessment units. The assessment units are defined mainly by three separate stratigraphic sections and constrained by the physical temperatures and pressures where gas hydrate can form. Geochemical studies of known gas hydrate occurrences on the North Slope have shown a link between gas hydrate and more deeply buried conventional oil and gas deposits. The link is established when hydrocarbon gases migrate from depth and charge the reservoir rock within the gas hydrate stability zone. It is likely gases migrated into conventional traps as free gas and were later converted to gas hydrate in response to climate cooling concurrent with permafrost formation. Results from this study indicate that some thermogenic gas is present in 31 of the wells, with limited evidence of thermogenic gas in four other wells and only one well with no thermogenic gas. Gas hydrate is known to occur in one of the sampled wells, likely present in 22 others on the basis of gas geochemistry, and inferred by equivocal gas geochemistry in 11 wells, and one well was without gas hydrate. Gas migration routes are common in the North Slope and include faults and widespread, continuous shallowly dipping permeable sand sections that are potentially in communication with deeper oil and gas sources. The application of the petroleum system model with the geochemical evidence suggests that gas hydrate deposits may be widespread across the North Slope of Alaska.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20115195","usgsCitation":"Lorenson, T., and Collett, T.S., 2011, Gas hydrate prospecting using well cuttings and mud-gas geochemistry from 35 wells, North Slope, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5195, iv, 25 p.; Appendices; Appendix 2 download; Appendix 3 download; Appendix 4 download, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20115195.","productDescription":"iv, 25 p.; Appendices; Appendix 2 download; Appendix 3 download; Appendix 4 download","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116461,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2011_5195.gif"},{"id":115783,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5195/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"North Slope","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -162,69.5 ], [ -162,71.25 ], [ -144,71.25 ], [ -144,69.5 ], [ -162,69.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a14cfe4b0c8380cd54b93","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lorenson, T.D. tlorenson@usgs.gov","contributorId":2622,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lorenson","given":"T.D.","email":"tlorenson@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":356266,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Collett, Timothy S. 0000-0002-7598-4708 tcollett@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7598-4708","contributorId":1698,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collett","given":"Timothy","email":"tcollett@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":356265,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70003666,"text":"70003666 - 2011 - Valuing ecosystem and economic services across land-use scenarios in the Prairie Pothole Regions of the Dakotas, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-20T12:10:29","indexId":"70003666","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-31T10:15:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1453,"text":"Ecological Economics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Valuing ecosystem and economic services across land-use scenarios in the Prairie Pothole Regions of the Dakotas, USA","docAbstract":"This study uses biophysical values derived for the Prairie Pothole Region (PPR) of North and South Dakota, in conjunction with value transfer methods, to assess environmental and economic tradeoffs under different policy-relevant land-use scenarios over a 20-year period. The ecosystem service valuation is carried out by comparing the biophysical and economic values of three focal services (i.e. carbon sequestration, reduction in sedimentation, and waterfowl production) across three focal land uses in the region [i.e. native prairie grasslands, lands enrolled in the Conservation Reserve and Wetlands Reserve Programs (CRP/WRP), and cropland]. This study finds that CRP/WRP lands cannot mitigate (hectare for hectare) the loss of native prairie from a social welfare standpoint. Land use scenarios where native prairie loss was minimized, and CRP/WRP lands were increased, provided the most societal benefit. The scenario modeling projected native prairie conversion to cropland over the next 20 years would result in a social welfare loss valued at over $4 billion when considering the study's three ecosystem services, and a net loss of about $3.4 billion when reductions in commodity production are accounted for.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecological Economics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolecon.2011.04.010","usgsCitation":"Gascoigne, W.R., Hoag, D., Koontz, L., Tangen, B., Shaffer, T.L., and Gleason, R.A., 2011, Valuing ecosystem and economic services across land-use scenarios in the Prairie Pothole Regions of the Dakotas, USA: Ecological Economics, v. 70, no. 10, p. 1715-1725, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2011.04.010.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"1715","endPage":"1725","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":115770,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2011.04.010","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":204708,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Dakota;South Dakota","otherGeospatial":"Prairie Pothole Region","volume":"70","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc10ee4b08c986b32a42e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gascoigne, William R.","contributorId":30104,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gascoigne","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348245,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hoag, Dana","contributorId":77809,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoag","given":"Dana","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348246,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Koontz, Lynne koontzl@usgs.gov","contributorId":2174,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Koontz","given":"Lynne","email":"koontzl@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":7016,"text":"Environmental Quality Division, National Park Service, Fort Collins, Colorado","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":348242,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Tangen, Brian A.","contributorId":78419,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tangen","given":"Brian A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348247,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Shaffer, Terry L. 0000-0001-6950-8951 tshaffer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6950-8951","contributorId":3192,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shaffer","given":"Terry","email":"tshaffer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":348244,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Gleason, Robert A. 0000-0001-5308-8657 rgleason@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5308-8657","contributorId":2402,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gleason","given":"Robert","email":"rgleason@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":348243,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70003657,"text":"70003657 - 2011 - Velocity-based movement modeling for individual and population level inference","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-06-10T11:19:11","indexId":"70003657","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-29T13:32:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2980,"text":"PLoS ONE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Velocity-based movement modeling for individual and population level inference","docAbstract":"Understanding animal movement and resource selection provides important information about the ecology of the animal, but an animal's movement and behavior are not typically constant in time. We present a velocity-based approach for modeling animal movement in space and time that allows for temporal heterogeneity in an animal's response to the environment, allows for temporal irregularity in telemetry data, and accounts for the uncertainty in the location information. Population-level inference on movement patterns and resource selection can then be made through cluster analysis of the parameters related to movement and behavior. We illustrate this approach through a study of northern fur seal (Callorhinus ursinus) movement in the Bering Sea, Alaska, USA. Results show sex differentiation, with female northern fur seals exhibiting stronger response to environmental variables.
","largerWorkTitle":"PLoS ONE","language":"English","publisher":"Public Library of Science","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0022795","usgsCitation":"Hanks, E., Hooten, M., Johnson, D., and Sterling, J.T., 2011, Velocity-based movement modeling for individual and population level inference: PLoS ONE, v. 6, no. 8, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0022795.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"e22795","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":474772,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0022795","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":204692,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Bering Sea","volume":"6","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-08-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc1fee4b08c986b32a889","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hanks, Ephraim M.","contributorId":104630,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanks","given":"Ephraim M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348204,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hooten, Mevin 0000-0002-1614-723X mhooten@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1614-723X","contributorId":2958,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hooten","given":"Mevin","email":"mhooten@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":12963,"text":"Colorado Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Fort Collins, CO","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":348201,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Johnson, Devin S.","contributorId":47524,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Devin S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348203,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sterling, Jeremy T.","contributorId":29570,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sterling","given":"Jeremy","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348202,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70004000,"text":"70004000 - 2011 - Vegetation history along the eastern, desert escarpment of the Sierra San Pedro Mártir, Baja California, Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-10T16:01:09","indexId":"70004000","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-29T13:20:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3218,"text":"Quaternary Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Vegetation history along the eastern, desert escarpment of the Sierra San Pedro Mártir, Baja California, Mexico","docAbstract":"Plant macrofossils from 38 packrat middens spanning the last ~ 33,000 cal yr BP record vegetation between ~ 650 and 900 m elevation along the eastern escarpment of the Sierra San Pedro Mártir, northern Baja California. The middens span most of the Holocene, with a gap between ~ 4600 and 1800 cal yr BP, but coverage in the Pleistocene is uneven with a larger hiatus between 23,100 and 14,400 cal yr BP. The midden flora is relatively stable from the Pleistocene to Holocene. Exceptions include Pinus californiarum, Juniperus californica and other chaparral elements that were most abundant > 23,100 cal yr BP and declined after 14,400 cal yr BP. Despite being near the chaparral/woodland-desertscrub ecotone during glacial times, the midden assemblages reflect none of the climatic reversals evident in the glacial or marine record, and this is corroborated by a nearby semi-continuous pollen stratigraphy from lake sediments. Regular appearance of C4 grasses and summer-flowering annuals since 13,600 cal yr BP indicates occurrence of summer rainfall equivalent to modern (JAS average of ~ 80–90 mm). This casts doubt on the claim, based on temperature proxies from marine sediments in the Guaymas Basin, that monsoonal development in the northern Gulf and Arizona was delayed until after 6200 cal yr BP.","language":"English","publisher":"Cambridge University Press","doi":"10.1016/j.yqres.2011.01.008","usgsCitation":"Holmgren, C.A., Betancourt, J.L., and Rylander, K., 2011, Vegetation history along the eastern, desert escarpment of the Sierra San Pedro Mártir, Baja California, Mexico: Quaternary Research, v. 75, no. 3, p. 647-657, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yqres.2011.01.008.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"647","endPage":"657","costCenters":[{"id":148,"text":"Branch of Regional Research-Western Region","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":204697,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Mexico","otherGeospatial":"Baja California, Sierra San Pedro Mártir","volume":"75","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-01-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc1d6e4b08c986b32a7b0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Holmgren, Camille A.","contributorId":75258,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holmgren","given":"Camille","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350089,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Betancourt, Julio L. 0000-0002-7165-0743 jlbetanc@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7165-0743","contributorId":3376,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Betancourt","given":"Julio","email":"jlbetanc@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":554,"text":"Science and Decisions Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":350087,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rylander, Kate A.","contributorId":73324,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rylander","given":"Kate A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350088,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70003977,"text":"70003977 - 2011 - Variability of albedo and utility of the MODIS albedo product in forested wetlands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-07T00:10:04","indexId":"70003977","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-29T11:40:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3750,"text":"Wetlands","onlineIssn":"1943-6246","printIssn":"0277-5212","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Variability of albedo and utility of the MODIS albedo product in forested wetlands","docAbstract":"Albedo was monitored over a two-year period (beginning April 2008) at three forested wetland sites in Florida, USA using up- and down-ward facing pyranometers. Water level, above and below land surface, is the primary control on the temporal variability of daily albedo. Relatively low reflectivity of water accounts for the observed reductions in albedo with increased inundation of the forest floor. Enhanced canopy shading of the forest floor was responsible for lower sensitivity of albedo to water level at the most dense forest site. At one site, the most dramatic reduction in daily albedo was observed during the inundation of a highly-reflective, calcareous periphyton-covered land surface. Satellite-based Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) estimates of albedo compare favorably with measured albedo. Use of MODIS albedo values in net radiation computations introduced a root mean squared error of less than 4.7 W/m2 and a mean, annual bias of less than 2.3 W/m2 (1.7%). These results suggest that MODIS-estimated albedo values can reliably be used to capture areal and temporal variations in albedo that are important to the surface energy balance.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wetlands","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1007/s13157-011-0161-z","usgsCitation":"Sumner, D.M., Wu, Q., and Pathak, C.S., 2011, Variability of albedo and utility of the MODIS albedo product in forested wetlands: Wetlands, v. 31, no. 2, p. 229-237, https://doi.org/10.1007/s13157-011-0161-z.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"229","endPage":"237","temporalStart":"2008-04-01","temporalEnd":"2010-03-31","costCenters":[{"id":279,"text":"Florida Integrated Science Center-Orlando","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":115772,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13157-011-0161-z","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":204694,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","volume":"31","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-03-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc134e4b08c986b32a4a6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sumner, David M. 0000-0002-2144-9304 dmsumner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2144-9304","contributorId":1362,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sumner","given":"David","email":"dmsumner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":156,"text":"Caribbean Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":270,"text":"FLWSC-Tampa","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":350006,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wu, Qinglong","contributorId":63950,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wu","given":"Qinglong","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350007,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pathak, Chandra S.","contributorId":84507,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pathak","given":"Chandra","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350008,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70004477,"text":"70004477 - 2011 - Quantile equivalence to evaluate compliance with habitat management objectives","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-29T18:54:05.148155","indexId":"70004477","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-24T11:40:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2287,"text":"Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Quantile equivalence to evaluate compliance with habitat management objectives","docAbstract":"Equivalence estimated with linear quantile regression was used to evaluate compliance with habitat management objectives at Arapaho National Wildlife Refuge based on monitoring data collected in upland (5,781 ha; n = 511 transects) and riparian and meadow (2,856 ha, n = 389 transects) habitats from 2005 to 2008. Quantiles were used because the management objectives specified proportions of the habitat area that needed to comply with vegetation criteria. The linear model was used to obtain estimates that were averaged across 4 y. The equivalence testing framework allowed us to interpret confidence intervals for estimated proportions with respect to intervals of vegetative criteria (equivalence regions) in either a liberal, benefit-of-doubt or conservative, fail-safe approach associated with minimizing alternative risks. Simple Boolean conditional arguments were used to combine the quantile equivalence results for individual vegetation components into a joint statement for the multivariable management objectives. For example, management objective 2A required at least 809 ha of upland habitat with a shrub composition ≥0.70 sagebrush (Artemisia spp.), 20–30% canopy cover of sagebrush ≥25 cm in height, ≥20% canopy cover of grasses, and ≥10% canopy cover of forbs on average over 4 y. Shrub composition and canopy cover of grass each were readily met on >3,000 ha under either conservative or liberal interpretations of sampling variability. However, there were only 809–1,214 ha (conservative to liberal) with ≥10% forb canopy cover and 405–1,098 ha with 20–30% canopy cover of sagebrush ≥25 cm in height. Only 91–180 ha of uplands simultaneously met criteria for all four components, primarily because canopy cover of sagebrush and forbs was inversely related when considered at the spatial scale (30 m) of a sample transect. We demonstrate how the quantile equivalence analyses also can help refine the numerical specification of habitat objectives and explore specification of spatial scales for objectives with respect to sampling scales used to evaluate those objectives.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","doi":"10.3996/052011-JFWM-032","usgsCitation":"Cade, B.S., and Johnson, P.R., 2011, Quantile equivalence to evaluate compliance with habitat management objectives: Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management, v. 2, no. 2, p. 169-182, https://doi.org/10.3996/052011-JFWM-032.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"169","endPage":"182","temporalStart":"2005-01-01","temporalEnd":"2008-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474774,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3996/052011-jfwm-032","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":204677,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Arapaho National Wildlife Refuge","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -106.37786865234375,\n 40.54093880017256\n ],\n [\n -106.22406005859375,\n 40.54093880017256\n ],\n [\n -106.22406005859375,\n 40.75505950577882\n ],\n [\n -106.37786865234375,\n 40.75505950577882\n ],\n [\n -106.37786865234375,\n 40.54093880017256\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"2","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a91f3e4b0c8380cd80573","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cade, Brian S. 0000-0001-9623-9849 cadeb@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9623-9849","contributorId":1278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cade","given":"Brian","email":"cadeb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":350488,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, Pamela R.","contributorId":58764,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Pamela","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350489,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70003969,"text":"70003969 - 2011 - Using data from an encounter sampler to model fish dispersal","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:16:02","indexId":"70003969","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-24T10:33:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2285,"text":"Journal of Fish Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Using data from an encounter sampler to model fish dispersal","docAbstract":"A method to estimate speed of free-ranging fishes using a passive sampling device is described and illustrated with data from the Everglades, U.S.A. Catch per unit effort (CPUE) from minnow traps embedded in drift fences was treated as an encounter rate and used to estimate speed, when combined with an independent estimate of density obtained by use of throw traps that enclose 1 m2 of marsh habitat. Underwater video was used to evaluate capture efficiency and species-specific bias of minnow traps and two sampling studies were used to estimate trap saturation and diel-movement patterns; these results were used to optimize sampling and derive correction factors to adjust species-specific encounter rates for bias and capture efficiency. Sailfin mollies Poecilia latipinna displayed a high frequency of escape from traps, whereas eastern mosquitofish Gambusia holbrooki were most likely to avoid a trap once they encountered it; dollar sunfish Lepomis marginatus were least likely to avoid the trap once they encountered it or to escape once they were captured. Length of sampling and time of day affected CPUE; fishes generally had a very low retention rate over a 24 h sample time and only the Everglades pygmy sunfish Elassoma evergladei were commonly captured at night. Dispersal speed of fishes in the Florida Everglades, U.S.A., was shown to vary seasonally and among species, ranging from 0.05 to 0.15 m s-1 for small poeciliids and fundulids to 0.1 to 1.8 m s-1 for L. marginatus. Speed was generally highest late in the wet season and lowest in the dry season, possibly tied to dispersal behaviours linked to finding and remaining in dry-season refuges. These speed estimates can be used to estimate the diffusive movement rate, which is commonly employed in spatial ecological models.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Fish Biology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"The Fisheries Society of the British Isles","doi":"10.1111/j.1095-8649.2010.02867.x","usgsCitation":"Obaza, A., DeAngelis, D., and Trexler, J., 2011, Using data from an encounter sampler to model fish dispersal: Journal of Fish Biology, v. 78, no. 2, p. 495-513, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.2010.02867.x.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"495","endPage":"513","costCenters":[{"id":275,"text":"Florida Integrated Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":115757,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.2010.02867.x","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":204582,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Everglades","volume":"78","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-01-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc042e4b08c986b32a00d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Obaza, A.","contributorId":14109,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Obaza","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349783,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"DeAngelis, D.L. 0000-0002-1570-4057","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1570-4057","contributorId":32470,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeAngelis","given":"D.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349785,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Trexler, J.C.","contributorId":23108,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trexler","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349784,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70005703,"text":"70005703 - 2011 - Using avian radar to examine relationships among avian activity, bird strikes, and meteorological factors","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-26T15:09:53.84988","indexId":"70005703","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-24T10:11:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1914,"text":"Human-Wildlife Interactions","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Using avian radar to examine relationships among avian activity, bird strikes, and meteorological factors","docAbstract":"Radar systems designed to detect avian activity at airfields are useful in understanding factors that influence the risk of bird and aircraft collisions (bird strikes). We used an avian radar system to measure avian activity at Beale Air Force Base, California, USA, during 2008 and 2009. We conducted a 2-part analysis to examine relationships among avian activity, bird strikes, and meteorological and time-dependent factors. We found that avian activity around the airfield was greater at times when bird strikes occurred than on average using a permutation resampling technique. Second, we developed generalized linear mixed models of an avian activity index (AAI). Variation in AAI was first explained by seasons that were based on average migration dates of birds at the study area. We then modeled AAI by those seasons to further explain variation by meteorological factors and daily light levels within a 24- hour period. In general, avian activity increased with decreased temperature, wind, visibility, precipitation, and increased humidity and cloud cover. These effects differed by season. For example, during the spring bird migration period, most avian activity occurred before sunrise at twilight hours on clear days with low winds, whereas during fall migration, substantial activity occurred after sunrise, and birds generally were more active at lower temperatures. We report parameter estimates (i.e., constants and coefficients) averaged across models and a relatively simple calculation for safety officers and wildlife managers to predict AAI and the relative risk of bird strike based on time, date, and meteorological values. We validated model predictability and assessed model fi t. These analyses will be useful for general inference of avian activity and risk assessment efforts. Further investigation and ongoing data collection will refine these inference models and improve our understanding of factors that influence avian activity, which is necessary to inform management decisions aimed at reducing risk of bird strikes.
","language":"English","publisher":"Jack H. Berryman Institute","publisherLocation":"Logan, UT","doi":"10.26077/nbzd-kn35","usgsCitation":"Coates, P.S., Casazza, M.L., Halstead, B., Fleskes, J.P., and Laughlin, J.A., 2011, Using avian radar to examine relationships among avian activity, bird strikes, and meteorological factors: Human-Wildlife Interactions, v. 5, no. 2, p. 249-268, https://doi.org/10.26077/nbzd-kn35.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"249","endPage":"268","numberOfPages":"20","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2008-01-01","temporalEnd":"2009-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":204585,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"Yuba County","otherGeospatial":"Beale Air Force Base","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.48887634277342,\n 39.0591832989046\n ],\n [\n -121.31309509277344,\n 39.0591832989046\n ],\n [\n -121.31309509277344,\n 39.17957847932612\n ],\n [\n -121.48887634277342,\n 39.17957847932612\n ],\n [\n -121.48887634277342,\n 39.0591832989046\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"5","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc034e4b08c986b329fb1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Coates, Peter S. 0000-0003-2672-9994 pcoates@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2672-9994","contributorId":3263,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coates","given":"Peter","email":"pcoates@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353089,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Casazza, Michael L. 0000-0002-5636-735X mike_casazza@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5636-735X","contributorId":2091,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Casazza","given":"Michael","email":"mike_casazza@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353087,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Halstead, Brian J. 0000-0002-5535-6528 bhalstead@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5535-6528","contributorId":3051,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Halstead","given":"Brian J.","email":"bhalstead@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353088,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fleskes, Joseph P. 0000-0001-5388-6675 joe_fleskes@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5388-6675","contributorId":1889,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fleskes","given":"Joseph","email":"joe_fleskes@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":353086,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Laughlin, James A.","contributorId":100529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Laughlin","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353090,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70004016,"text":"70004016 - 2011 - Use of spatial capture-recapture modeling and DNA data to estimate densities of elusive animals","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:16:02","indexId":"70004016","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-24T09:10:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1321,"text":"Conservation Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Use of spatial capture-recapture modeling and DNA data to estimate densities of elusive animals","docAbstract":"Assessment of abundance, survival, recruitment rates, and density (i.e., population assessment) is especially challenging for elusive species most in need of protection (e.g., rare carnivores). Individual identification methods, such as DNA sampling, provide ways of studying such species efficiently and noninvasively. Additionally, statistical methods that correct for undetected animals and account for locations where animals are captured are available to efficiently estimate density and other demographic parameters. We collected hair samples of European wildcat (Felis silvestris) from cheek-rub lure sticks, extracted DNA from the samples, and identified each animals' genotype. To estimate the density of wildcats, we used Bayesian inference in a spatial capture-recapture model. We used WinBUGS to fit a model that accounted for differences in detection probability among individuals and seasons and between two lure arrays. We detected 21 individual wildcats (including possible hybrids) 47 times. Wildcat density was estimated at 0.29/km2 (SE 0.06), and 95% of the activity of wildcats was estimated to occur within 1.83 km from their home-range center. Lures located systematically were associated with a greater number of detections than lures placed in a cell on the basis of expert opinion. Detection probability of individual cats was greatest in late March. Our model is a generalized linear mixed model; hence, it can be easily extended, for instance, to incorporate trap- and individual-level covariates. We believe that the combined use of noninvasive sampling techniques and spatial capture-recapture models will improve population assessments, especially for rare and elusive animals.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Conservation Biology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Society for Conservation Biology","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1111/j.1523-1739.2010.01616.x","usgsCitation":"Kery, M., Gardner, B., Stoeckle, T., Weber, D., and Royle, J., 2011, Use of spatial capture-recapture modeling and DNA data to estimate densities of elusive animals: Conservation Biology, v. 25, no. 2, p. 356-364, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-1739.2010.01616.x.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"356","endPage":"364","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":204583,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":21768,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-1739.2010.01616.x","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"volume":"25","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-12-16","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbf81e4b08c986b329bcf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kery, Marc","contributorId":38680,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kery","given":"Marc","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350159,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gardner, Beth","contributorId":91612,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gardner","given":"Beth","affiliations":[{"id":13553,"text":"University of Washington-Seattle","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":350163,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stoeckle, Tabea","contributorId":81632,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stoeckle","given":"Tabea","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350162,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Weber, Darius","contributorId":41586,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weber","given":"Darius","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350160,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Royle, J. Andrew 0000-0003-3135-2167","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3135-2167","contributorId":80808,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Royle","given":"J. Andrew","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":350161,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70007191,"text":"ofr20111315 - 2011 - Bathymetry and digital elevation models of Coyote Creek and Alviso Slough, South San Francisco Bay, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-07-09T18:09:19.490137","indexId":"ofr20111315","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-23T13:04:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-1315","title":"Bathymetry and digital elevation models of Coyote Creek and Alviso Slough, South San Francisco Bay, California","docAbstract":"In 2010, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center completed three cruises to map the bathymetry of the main channel and shallow intertidal mudflats in the southernmost part of south San Francisco Bay. The three surveys were merged to generate comprehensive maps of Coyote Creek (from Calaveras Point east to the railroad bridge) and Alviso Slough (from the bay to the town of Alviso) to establish baseline bathymetry prior to the breaching of levees adjacent to Alviso and Guadalupe Sloughs as part of the South Bay Salt Pond Restoration Project (http://www.southbayrestoration.org). Since 2010, the USGS has conducted fourteen additional surveys to monitor bathymetric change in this region as restoration progresses.
The bathymetric surveys were conducted using the state-of-the-art research vessel R/V Parke Snavely outfitted with an interferometric sidescan sonar for swath mapping in extremely shallow water. This publication provides high-resolution bathymetric data collected by the USGS. For the 2010 baseline survey we have merged the bathymetry with aerial lidar data that were collected for the USGS during the same time period to create a seamless, high-resolution digital elevation model (DEM) of the study area. The series of bathymetric datasets are provided at 1 m resolution and the 2010 bathymetric/topographic DEM at 2 m resolution. The data are formatted as both X, Y, Z text files and ESRI Arc ASCII files that are accompanied by Federal Geographic Data Committee (FGDC) compliant metadata.
Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
2885 Mission Street
Santa Cruz, CA 95060