We reviewed necropsy records of 124 Whooping Cranes (Grus americana) recovered following reintroduction of 268 individuals from 2001 to 2016 in the eastern US. Causes of death were determined in 62% (77/124) of cases facilitated by active monitoring that limited decomposition and scavenging artifact. The greatest proportions of mortality were caused by predation (0.468; 95% confidence interval 0.356–0.580; 36/77), collision with power lines or vehicles (0.260; 0.162–0.358; 20/77), and gunshot (0.169; 0.085–0.253; 13/77). Six deaths were attributed to infection (0.078; 0.018–0.138; 6/77), including bacterial and fungal etiologies. Lead analysis of 50 liver samples yielded two results with elevated concentrations (3.65 and 10.97 ppm wet weight), and 10 bone samples from partial carcasses lacking suitable liver tissue resulted in one elevated result (48.82 ppm dry weight). These data indicate that underlying subclinical or clinical lead toxicosis may be a factor in up to 5% of deaths attributed to predation or impact trauma. Brain cholinesterase activity testing indicated no exposure to organophosphate or carbamate pesticides (mean±SD=17.32±2.90 µmol/min/g, 31/71). The causes of death and potential underlying factors summarized in this study constitute the first definitive mortality survey of migratory Whooping Cranes based on a high carcass recovery rate. Causes of death by infectious etiologies remained comparatively rare in this study, and occurred as single cases with no evidence of sustained transmission among reintroduced Whooping Cranes.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Disease Association","doi":"10.7589/2019-05-124","usgsCitation":"Yaw, T.J., Miller, K.J., Lankton, J.S., and Hartup, B.K., 2020, Postmortem evaluation of reintroduced migratory whooping cranes (Grus americana) in eastern North America: Wildlife Disease, v. 56, no. 3, p. 673-678, https://doi.org/10.7589/2019-05-124.","productDescription":"6 p.; Data Release","startPage":"673","endPage":"678","ipdsId":"IP-104967","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":375814,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":418310,"rank":2,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9MR4XN4"}],"country":"Canada, United States","otherGeospatial":"Eastern North America","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -80.5517578125,\n 25.3241665257384\n ],\n [\n -79.8046875,\n 27.449790329784214\n ],\n [\n -80.947265625,\n 31.353636941500987\n ],\n [\n -75.1025390625,\n 35.88905007936091\n ],\n [\n -76.2451171875,\n 38.95940879245423\n ],\n [\n -76.11328125,\n 39.70718665682654\n ],\n [\n -80.68359375,\n 39.774769485295465\n ],\n [\n -80.37597656249999,\n 41.96765920367816\n ],\n [\n -78.662109375,\n 47.66538735632654\n ],\n [\n -81.1669921875,\n 52.26815737376817\n ],\n [\n -92.59277343749999,\n 52.16045455774706\n ],\n [\n -96.94335937499999,\n 52.696361078274485\n ],\n [\n -97.20703125,\n 49.009050809382046\n ],\n [\n -96.6357421875,\n 43.54854811091286\n ],\n [\n -95.97656249999999,\n 41.376808565702355\n ],\n [\n -97.3828125,\n 31.653381399664\n ],\n [\n -96.8994140625,\n 27.68352808378776\n ],\n [\n -92.8125,\n 28.844673680771795\n ],\n [\n -88.06640625,\n 29.305561325527698\n ],\n [\n -84.814453125,\n 29.267232865200878\n ],\n [\n -82.529296875,\n 27.01998400798257\n ],\n [\n -80.5517578125,\n 25.3241665257384\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"56","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yaw, Taylor J.","contributorId":225414,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Yaw","given":"Taylor","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":41101,"text":"School of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":791304,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, Kimberli J.G. 0000-0002-7947-0894","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7947-0894","contributorId":81447,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Kimberli","email":"","middleInitial":"J.G.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":791305,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lankton, Julia S. 0000-0002-6843-4388 jlankton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6843-4388","contributorId":5888,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lankton","given":"Julia","email":"jlankton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":791306,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hartup, Barry K.","contributorId":209630,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hartup","given":"Barry","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":16606,"text":"International Crane Foundation","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":791307,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70218766,"text":"70218766 - 2020 - Testing reproducibility of vitrinite and solid bitumen reflectance measurements in North American unconventional source-rock reservoir petroleum systems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-03-12T14:30:22.076149","indexId":"70218766","displayToPublicDate":"2019-12-18T08:10:01","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2682,"text":"Marine and Petroleum Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Testing reproducibility of vitrinite and solid bitumen reflectance measurements in North American unconventional source-rock reservoir petroleum systems","docAbstract":"An interlaboratory study (ILS) was conducted to test reproducibility of vitrinite and solid bitumen reflectance measurements in six mudrock samples from United States unconventional source-rock reservoir petroleum systems. Samples selected from the Marcellus, Haynesville, Eagle Ford, Barnett, Bakken and Woodford are representative of resource plays currently under exploitation in North America. All samples are from marine depositional environments, are thermally mature (Tmax >445 °C) and have moderate to high organic matter content (2.9–11.6 wt% TOC). Their organic matter is dominated by solid bitumen, which contains intraparticle nano-porosity. Visual evaluation of organic nano-porosity (pore sizes < 100 nm) via SEM suggests that intraparticle organic nano-pores are most abundant in dry gas maturity samples and less abundant at lower wet gas/condensate and peak oil maturities. Samples were distributed to ILS participants in forty laboratories in the Americas, Europe, Africa and Australia; thirty-seven independent sets of results were received. Mean vitrinite reflectance (VRo) values from all ILS participants range from 0.90 to 1.83% whereas mean solid bitumen reflectance (BRo) values range from 0.85 to 2.04% (no outlying values excluded), confirming the thermally mature nature of all six samples. Using multiple statistical approaches to eliminate outlying values, we evaluated reproducibility limit R, the maximum difference between valid mean reflectance results obtained on the same sample by different operators in different laboratories using different instruments. Removal of outlying values where the individual signed multiple of standard deviation was >1.0 produced lowest R values, generally ≤0.5% (absolute reflectance), similar to a prior ILS for similar samples. Other traditional approaches to outlier removal (outside mean ± 1.5*interquartile range and outside F10 to F90 percentile range) also produced similar R values. Standard deviation values < 0.15*(VRo or BRo) reduce R and should be a requirement of dispersed organic matter reflectance analysis. After outlier removal, R values were 0.1%–0.2% for peak oil thermal maturity, about 0.3% for wet gas/condensate maturity and 0.4%–0.5% for dry gas maturity. That is, these R values represent the uncertainty (in absolute reflectance) that users of vitrinite and solid bitumen reflectance data should assign to any one individual reported mean reflectance value from a similar thermal maturity mudrock sample. R values of this magnitude indicate a need for further standardization of reflectance measurement of dispersed organic matter. Furthermore, these R values quantify realistic interlaboratory measurement dispersion for a difficult but critically important analytical technique necessary for thermal maturity determination in the source-rock reservoirs of unconventional petroleum systems.
Arsenic (As) is broadly distributed due to natural and anthropogenic sources, and it may cause adverse effects in birds. However, research on other elements (Pb, Hg and Cd) has been prioritized, resulting in scarce data on As exposure and related effects in wild birds. One of the mechanisms responsible for As toxicity is oxidative stress. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate if environmentally relevant As levels affected oxidative stress biomarkers in great tits (Parus major). This is the first field experiment studying the effects of As on oxidative stress in wild passerines. Wild great tit nestlings were orally dosed with sodium arsenite (Control: water, Low dose: 0.2 μg g−1 d−1 and High dose: 1 μg g−1 d−1; from day 3 to day 13 post-hatching). We intended to reach As concentrations similar to those at which passerines are exposed to at actual polluted areas. We compared the responses to the experimental manipulations (High, Low and Control groups) with those in an As/metal-exposed population breeding close to a Cu–Ni smelter in Finland (Smelter group). A set of antioxidants (tGSH, GSH:GSSG ratio, CAT, SOD, GST and GPx), and oxidative damage biomarkers (lipid peroxidation, protein carbonylation, 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine formation in DNA, and telomere length) were explored in blood. Arsenic administration had no significant effect on most of the biomarkers measured: only the CAT activity was lower in the High As group and the GPx activity was enhanced in the Smelter group compared to the Control. Our results suggest that the dose and duration of the As exposure was not enough to induce oxidative damage in red cells of great tit nestlings. In spite of this, nestlings dosed with 1 μg g−1 d−1 of sodium arsenite showed non-significantly higher oxidative stress biomarkers than controls, suggesting that we were close to an effect level for the redox-defense system. Oxidative effects at equivalent As levels combined with other stressors cannot be dismissed.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113813","usgsCitation":"Sanchez-Virosta, P., Espin, S., Ruiz, S., Panda, B., Ilmonen, P., Schultz, S.L., Karouna-Renier, N., Garcia-Fernandez, A.J., and Eeva, T., 2020, Arsenic-related oxidative stress in experimentally dosed wild great tit nestlings: Environmental Pollution, v. 259, 113813, 7 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113813.","productDescription":"113813, 7 p.","ipdsId":"IP-106899","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":458355,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113813","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":376914,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Finland","city":"Harjavalta","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 22.071533203125,\n 61.266271866180446\n ],\n [\n 22.269287109374996,\n 61.266271866180446\n ],\n [\n 22.269287109374996,\n 61.32431537628559\n ],\n [\n 22.071533203125,\n 61.32431537628559\n ],\n [\n 22.071533203125,\n 61.266271866180446\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"259","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sanchez-Virosta, Pablo","contributorId":236867,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sanchez-Virosta","given":"Pablo","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":25452,"text":"University of Turku","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":794518,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Espin, Silvia","contributorId":236868,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Espin","given":"Silvia","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":25452,"text":"University of Turku","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":794519,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ruiz, Sandra","contributorId":236869,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ruiz","given":"Sandra","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":25452,"text":"University of Turku","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":794520,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Panda, Bineet","contributorId":236870,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Panda","given":"Bineet","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":25452,"text":"University of Turku","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":794521,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ilmonen, Petteri","contributorId":236871,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ilmonen","given":"Petteri","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":25452,"text":"University of Turku","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":794522,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Schultz, Sandra L. 0000-0003-3394-2857 sschultz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3394-2857","contributorId":5966,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schultz","given":"Sandra","email":"sschultz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":794523,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Karouna-Renier, Natalie 0000-0001-7127-033X nkarouna@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7127-033X","contributorId":200983,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Karouna-Renier","given":"Natalie","email":"nkarouna@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":794524,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Garcia-Fernandez, Antonio J.","contributorId":236872,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Garcia-Fernandez","given":"Antonio","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":47555,"text":"University of Murcia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":794525,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Eeva, Tapio","contributorId":236873,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Eeva","given":"Tapio","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":25452,"text":"University of Turku","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":794526,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70208560,"text":"70208560 - 2020 - UAV-derived estimates of forest structure to inform ponderosa pine forest restoration","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-06-19T16:23:52.408024","indexId":"70208560","displayToPublicDate":"2019-12-16T06:54:21","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5347,"text":"Remote Sensing in Ecology and Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"UAV-derived estimates of forest structure to inform ponderosa pine forest restoration","docAbstract":"Restoring forest ecosystems has become an increasingly high priority for land managers across the American West. Millions of hectares of forest are in need of drastic yet strategic reductions in density (e.g., basal area). Meeting the restoration and management goals requires quantifying metrics of vertical and horizontal forest structure, which has relied upon field‐based measurements, manned airborne or satellite remote sensing datasets. We used unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV ) image‐derived Structure‐from‐Motion (SfM) models and high‐resolution multispectral orthoimagery in this study to quantify vertical and horizontal forest structure at both the fine‐ (<4 ha) and mid‐scales (4–400 ha) across a forest density gradient. We then used these forest structure estimates to assess specific objectives of a forest restoration treatment. At the fine‐scale, we found that estimates of individual tree height and canopy diameter were most accurate in low‐density conditions, with accuracies degrading significantly in high‐density conditions. Mid‐scale estimates of canopy cover and forest density followed a similar pattern across the density gradient, demonstrating the effectiveness of UAV image‐derived estimates in low‐ to medium‐density conditions as well as the challenges associated with high‐density conditions. We found that post‐treatment conditions met a majority of the prescription objectives and demonstrate the UAV image application in quantifying changes from a mechanical thinning treatment. We provide a novel approach to forest restoration monitoring using UAV ‐derived data, one that considers varying density conditions and spatial scales. Future research should consider a more spatially extensive sampling design, including different restoration treatments, as well as experimenting with different combinations of equipment, flight parameters, and data processing workflows.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/rse2.137","usgsCitation":"Belmonte, A., Sankey, T.T., Biederman, J.A., Bradford, J.B., Goetz, S.J., Kolb, T., and Woolley, T., 2020, UAV-derived estimates of forest structure to inform ponderosa pine forest restoration: Remote Sensing in Ecology and Conservation, v. 6, no. 2, p. 181-197, https://doi.org/10.1002/rse2.137.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"181","endPage":"197","ipdsId":"IP-113835","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":458361,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/rse2.137","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":372377,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Western United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -104.150390625,\n 48.8936153614802\n ],\n [\n -123.48632812499999,\n 49.1242192485914\n ],\n [\n -123.22265625000001,\n 48.31242790407178\n ],\n [\n -125.595703125,\n 48.42920055556841\n ],\n [\n -124.76074218749999,\n 46.800059446787316\n ],\n [\n -125.33203125,\n 41.77131167976407\n ],\n [\n -124.4091796875,\n 38.238180119798635\n ],\n [\n -120.58593749999999,\n 34.05265942137599\n ],\n [\n -117.59765625,\n 32.84267363195431\n ],\n [\n -116.103515625,\n 32.69486597787505\n ],\n [\n -108.9404296875,\n 31.316101383495624\n ],\n [\n -106.2158203125,\n 31.914867503276223\n ],\n [\n -103.3154296875,\n 31.952162238024975\n ],\n [\n -102.216796875,\n 37.16031654673677\n ],\n [\n -101.953125,\n 40.78054143186033\n ],\n [\n -103.84277343749999,\n 41.0130657870063\n ],\n [\n -104.150390625,\n 48.8936153614802\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"6","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-12-16","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Belmonte, Adam","contributorId":222546,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Belmonte","given":"Adam","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":40559,"text":"School of Informatics, Computing, and Cyber Systems, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":782489,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sankey, Temuulen T.","contributorId":173297,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sankey","given":"Temuulen","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":7202,"text":"NAU","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":782490,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Biederman, Joel A.","contributorId":201939,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Biederman","given":"Joel","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":6758,"text":"USDA-ARS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":782491,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bradford, John B. 0000-0001-9257-6303 jbradford@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9257-6303","contributorId":611,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradford","given":"John","email":"jbradford@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":782488,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Goetz, Scott J.","contributorId":222547,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Goetz","given":"Scott","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":40559,"text":"School of Informatics, Computing, and Cyber Systems, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":782492,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kolb, Thomas","contributorId":174381,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kolb","given":"Thomas","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":782493,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Woolley, Travis","contributorId":222548,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Woolley","given":"Travis","affiliations":[{"id":40560,"text":"The Nature Conservancy Northern Arizona Program, Flagstaff, AZ","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":782494,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70209440,"text":"70209440 - 2020 - Time scales of arsenic variability and the role of high-frequency monitoring at three water-supply wells in New Hampshire, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-05-05T12:11:42.664539","indexId":"70209440","displayToPublicDate":"2019-12-14T19:51:48","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3352,"text":"Science of the Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Time scales of arsenic variability and the role of high-frequency monitoring at three water-supply wells in New Hampshire, USA","docAbstract":"Groundwater geochemistry, redox process classification, high-frequency physicochemical and hydrologic measurements, and climate data were analyzed to identify controls on arsenic (As) concentration changes. Groundwater was monitored in two public-supply wells (one glacial aquifer and one bedrock aquifer), and one bedrock-aquifer domestic well in New Hampshire, USA, from 2014 to 2018 to identify time scales of and controls on As concentration changes. Concentrations of As and other geochemical constituents were measured bimonthly. Specific conductance (SC), pH, dissolved oxygen, and pumping rate/water level were measured at high frequency (every 5 to 15 min). Median (and 95% confidence interval) As concentrations at the three wells were 4.1 (3.7–4.6), 18.9 (17.2–23.6), and 37.5 (30.4–42.9) μg/L. Arsenic variability in each of the three wells, in relative standard deviation, ranged from 9 to 12%. Median quarterly As concentrations were highest in all wells in the spring. The bedrock-aquifer public-supply well As concentration increased over the period of study while pumping rate decreased. In the public-supply wells, As variability was correlated with SC and pH, and As species were related to SC, pH, pumping, precipitation, and changes in redox process. Specific conductance also had a seasonal pattern in the two public-supply wells and was correlated with Na and Cl. Excess Na in water samples suggests possible ion exchange with dissolved Ca, creating more capacity to dissolve CaCO3 from calcareous rocks, which can increase pH and in turn, As concentrations in wells. High-frequency monitoring data are cost effective to collect, which could be advantageous in other parts of the United States and in the many parts of the world where glacial aquifers are in direct contact with other water supply aquifers or where water from different aquifers have potential to mix.
In response to increasing fire, fuel‐reduction treatments are being used to minimize large fire risk. Although biocrusts are associated with reduced cover of fire‐promoting, invasive grasses, the impact of fuel‐reduction treatments on biocrusts is poorly understood. We use data from a long‐term experiment, the Sagebrush Steppe Treatment Evaluation Project, testing the following fuel‐reduction treatments: mowing, prescribed fire, and the use of two herbicides: one commonly used to reduce shrub cover, tebuthiuron, and one commonly used to combat cheatgrass, imazapic. Looking at sites with high cover of biocrusts prior to treatments, we demonstrate positive effects of the herbicide, tebuthiuron on lichens with an increase in cover of 10% and trending towards slightly negative effects on moss cover. Across plots, imazapic trended towards a decrease in lichen and moss cover without being statistically significant. Mowing and prescribed fire reduced cover of mosses, with the latter leading to greater declines across sites (declines of 18% vs. 32%). Reductions in moss cover mirrored gains in cover of bare soil, which is associated with increased risk of invasion by grasses responsible for increasing fire risk. We demonstrate that the use of herbicides simultaneously reduces fuels and maintains greater cover of lichens and mosses compared with other fuel‐reduction treatments, possibly reducing risk of invasion by annual grasses that are responsible for increasing fire risk.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/ldr.3516","usgsCitation":"Condon, L.A., and Gray, M.L., 2020, Not all fuel‐reduction treatments degrade biocrusts: Herbicides cause mostly neutral to positive effects on cover of biocrusts: Land Degradation & Development, v. 31, no. 13, p. 1727-1734, https://doi.org/10.1002/ldr.3516.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"1727","endPage":"1734","ipdsId":"IP-108427","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":458372,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ldr.3516","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":437189,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P972F9LN","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"10 Year Data for biocrust cover after fire management treatments"},{"id":381838,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"31","issue":"13","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-02-26","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Condon, Lea A. 0000-0002-9357-3881","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9357-3881","contributorId":202908,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Condon","given":"Lea","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":807472,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gray, Margaret L 0000-0002-4810-8876","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4810-8876","contributorId":221166,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gray","given":"Margaret","email":"","middleInitial":"L","affiliations":[{"id":6682,"text":"Utah State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":807473,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70207945,"text":"70207945 - 2020 - A comparison of the Trojan Y Chromosome strategy to harvesting models for eradication of nonnative species","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-06-05T11:52:02.919194","indexId":"70207945","displayToPublicDate":"2019-12-12T15:44:43","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2827,"text":"Natural Resource Modeling","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A comparison of the Trojan Y Chromosome strategy to harvesting models for eradication of nonnative species","docAbstract":"The Trojan Y Chromosome strategy (TYC) is a promising eradication method for biological control of nonnative species. The strategy works by manipulating the sex ratio of a population through the introduction of supermales that guarantee male offspring. In the current study, we compare the TYC method with a pure harvesting strategy. We also analyze a hybrid harvesting model that mirrors the TYC strategy. The dynamic analysis leads to results on stability of solutions and bifurcations of the model. Several conclusions about the different strategies are established via optimal control methods. In particular, the results affirm that either a pure harvesting or hybrid strategy may work better than the TYC method at controlling a nonnative species population.
Recommendations for resource managers
Where harvesting is feasible, it is as effective if not more effective than the classical TYC method. Therein managers may attempt harvesting female fish while stocking males or harvesting both male and female fishes.
Managers may attempt linear harvesting, saturating density‐dependent harvesting, and unbounded density‐dependent harvesting. Linear harvesting is seen to be the most effective.
We caution against the outright use of harvesting due to various density‐dependent effects that may arise. To this end hybrid models that involve a combination of harvesting and TYC‐type methods might be a better strategy.
One may also use harvesting as a tool in mesocosm settings to predict the efficacy of the TYC strategy in the wild.
In the minutes to hours after a major earthquake, such as the recent 2018
Fluxes of materials or organisms across ecological boundaries, often termed “resource subsidies,” directly affect recipient food webs. Few studies have addressed how such direct responses in one ecosystem may, in turn, influence the fluxes of materials or organisms to other habitats or the potential for feedback relationships to occur among ecosystems. As part of a large-scale, multi-year experiment, we evaluated the hypothesis that the input of a marine-derived subsidy results in a complex array of resource exchanges (i.e., inputs, outputs, feedbacks) between stream and riparian ecosystems as responses disperse across ecological boundaries. Moreover, we evaluated how the physical properties of resource subsidies mediated complex responses by contrasting carcasses with a pelletized salmon treatment. We found that salmon carcasses altered stream–riparian food webs by directly subsidizing multiple aquatic and terrestrial organisms (e.g., benthic insect larvae, fishes, and terrestrial flies). Such responses further influenced food webs along indirect pathways, some of which spanned land and water (e.g., subsidized fishes reduced aquatic insect emergence, with consequences for spiders and bats). Subsidy-mediated feedbacks manifested when carcasses were removed to riparian habitats where they were colonized by carrion flies, some of which fell into the stream and acted as another prey subsidy for fishes. As the effects of salmon subsidies propagated through the stream–riparian food web, the sign of consumer responses was not always positive and appeared to be determined by the outcome of trophic interactions, such that localized trophic interactions within one ecosystem mediated the export of organisms to others.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Link","doi":"10.1007/s00442-019-04574-y","usgsCitation":"Collins, S.F., Baxter, C., Marcarelli, A., Felicetti, L., Florin, S., Wipfli, M.S., and Servheen, G., 2020, Reverberating effects of resource exchanges in stream–riparian food webs: Oecologia, v. 192, p. 179-189, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-019-04574-y.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"179","endPage":"189","ipdsId":"IP-077165","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":394968,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","otherGeospatial":"North Fork Boise River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -115.66955566406249,\n 43.71950494269107\n ],\n [\n -114.774169921875,\n 43.71950494269107\n ],\n [\n -114.774169921875,\n 44.09153051045218\n ],\n [\n -115.66955566406249,\n 44.09153051045218\n ],\n [\n -115.66955566406249,\n 43.71950494269107\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"192","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-12-11","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Collins, Scott F.","contributorId":172292,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Collins","given":"Scott","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":831849,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Baxter, Colden V.","contributorId":272243,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Baxter","given":"Colden V.","affiliations":[{"id":56375,"text":"isu","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":831850,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Marcarelli, Amy M.","contributorId":272244,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Marcarelli","given":"Amy M.","affiliations":[{"id":56375,"text":"isu","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":831851,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Felicetti, Laura","contributorId":272245,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Felicetti","given":"Laura","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":56376,"text":"wsu","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":831852,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Florin, Scott","contributorId":272246,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Florin","given":"Scott","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":56376,"text":"wsu","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":831853,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Wipfli, Mark S. 0000-0002-4856-6068 mwipfli@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4856-6068","contributorId":1425,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wipfli","given":"Mark","email":"mwipfli@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":831854,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Servheen, Gregg","contributorId":272247,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Servheen","given":"Gregg","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":56023,"text":"idfg","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":831855,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70208041,"text":"70208041 - 2020 - Towards common ground in the biodiversity–disease debate","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-24T17:37:22","indexId":"70208041","displayToPublicDate":"2019-12-09T17:34:30","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5263,"text":"Nature Ecology & Evolution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Towards common ground in the biodiversity–disease debate","docAbstract":"The disease ecology community has struggled to come to consensus on whether biodiversity reduces or increases infectious disease risk, a question that directly affects policy decisions for biodiversity conservation and public health. Here, we summarize the primary points of contention regarding biodiversity–disease relationships and suggest that vector-borne, generalist wildlife and zoonotic pathogens are the types of parasites most likely to be affected by changes to biodiversity. One synthesis on this topic revealed a positive correlation between biodiversity and human disease burden across countries, but as biodiversity changed over time within these countries, this correlation became weaker and more variable. Another synthesis—a meta-analysis of generally smaller-scale experimental and field studies—revealed a negative correlation between biodiversity and infectious diseases (a dilution effect) in various host taxa. These results raise the question of whether biodiversity–disease relationships are more negative at smaller spatial scales. If so, biodiversity conservation at the appropriate scales might prevent wildlife and zoonotic diseases from increasing in prevalence or becoming problematic (general proactive approaches). Further, protecting natural areas from human incursion should reduce zoonotic disease spillover. By contrast, for some infectious diseases, managing particular species or habitats and targeted biomedical approaches (targeted reactive approaches) might outperform biodiversity conservation as a tool for disease control. Importantly, biodiversity conservation and management need to be considered alongside other disease management options. These suggested guiding principles should provide common ground that can enhance scientific and policy clarity for those interested in simultaneously improving wildlife and human health.","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Nature","doi":"10.1038/s41559-019-1060-6","collaboration":"National Science Foundation","usgsCitation":"Rohr, J.R., Civitello, D.J., Halliday, F.W., Hudson, P.J., Lafferty, K.D., Wood, C.L., and Mordecai, E.A., 2020, Towards common ground in the biodiversity–disease debate: Nature Ecology & Evolution, v. 4, p. 24-33, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-019-1060-6.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"24","endPage":"33","ipdsId":"IP-110814","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":458400,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-019-1060-6","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":371545,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-12-09","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rohr, Jason R.","contributorId":221798,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rohr","given":"Jason","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":39516,"text":"University of Notre Dame","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":780252,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Civitello, David J.","contributorId":221799,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Civitello","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":40432,"text":"Emory University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":780253,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Halliday, Fletcher W.","contributorId":221800,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Halliday","given":"Fletcher","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":27368,"text":"University of Zurich","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":780254,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hudson, Peter J.","contributorId":204377,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hudson","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":7260,"text":"Pennsylvania State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":780255,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lafferty, Kevin D. 0000-0001-7583-4593 klafferty@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7583-4593","contributorId":1415,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lafferty","given":"Kevin","email":"klafferty@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":780251,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Wood, Chelsea L.","contributorId":192504,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wood","given":"Chelsea","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":780256,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Mordecai, Erin A.","contributorId":221801,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mordecai","given":"Erin","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":6986,"text":"Stanford University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":780257,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70207821,"text":"70207821 - 2020 - Dimensional effects of inter-phase mass transfer on attenuation of structurally trapped gaseous carbon dioxide in shallow aquifers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-14T13:14:53.68955","indexId":"70207821","displayToPublicDate":"2019-12-09T15:50:58","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2228,"text":"Journal of Computational Physics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Dimensional effects of inter-phase mass transfer on attenuation of structurally trapped gaseous carbon dioxide in shallow aquifers","docAbstract":"Based on experimental evidence and using mathematical modeling, inter-phase mass transfer processes of CO2 exsolving from and dissolving into water in heterogeneous porous media are investigated under two fundamentally different flow conditions: in a quasi one dimensional vertical column and in a two-dimensional tank with a lateral background water flow, both at laboratory scale. In both cases, the CO2 dissolved in water under a given overpressure is injected for a certain period at the bottom of the tank, exsolves, and migrates upwards. A layer of fine sand is present in the tanks designed to mimic geological scenarios of accumulation and trapping of exsolved CO2 in shallow aquifers. Then, clean water is injected and the accumulated CO2 is dissolved back into the flowing water. The study aims to point out the differences in the mass transfer processes between the quasi-1D and 2D cases using a mathematical model of two-phase compositional flow in heterogeneous porous media calibrated to the experimental datasets, and expose strategies that should be explored in future research. Additionally, temperature variations observed during the 2D experiments allow for analysis of isothermal versus non-isothermal effects on the processes of multiphase CO2 evolution. The mathematical model is discretized and solved using the mixed hybrid finite element method in 2D that allows for the simulation of both advection- and diffusion-dominated processes accurately.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jcp.2019.109178","usgsCitation":"Jakub Solovsky, Radek Fucik, Plampin, M.R., Illangasekare, T.H., and Jiri Mikyska, 2020, Dimensional effects of inter-phase mass transfer on attenuation of structurally trapped gaseous carbon dioxide in shallow aquifers: Journal of Computational Physics, v. 405, 109178, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcp.2019.109178.","productDescription":"109178","ipdsId":"IP-104741","costCenters":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":458403,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1580146","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":371236,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"405","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jakub Solovsky","contributorId":217696,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jakub Solovsky","affiliations":[{"id":39686,"text":"Czech Technical University in Prague","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":779439,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Radek Fucik","contributorId":217697,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Radek Fucik","affiliations":[{"id":39686,"text":"Czech Technical University in Prague","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":779440,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Plampin, Michelle R. 0000-0003-4068-5801 mplampin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4068-5801","contributorId":204983,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plampin","given":"Michelle","email":"mplampin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":49175,"text":"Geology, Energy & Minerals Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":779441,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Illangasekare, Tissa H.","contributorId":194933,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Illangasekare","given":"Tissa","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":779442,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Jiri Mikyska","contributorId":217700,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jiri Mikyska","affiliations":[{"id":39686,"text":"Czech Technical University in Prague","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":779443,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70227035,"text":"70227035 - 2020 - Multi-scale habitat selection by Northern Goshawks (Accipiter gentilis) in a fire-prone forest","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-28T15:53:38.491865","indexId":"70227035","displayToPublicDate":"2019-12-05T09:50:07","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1015,"text":"Biological Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Multi-scale habitat selection by Northern Goshawks (Accipiter gentilis) in a fire-prone forest","docAbstract":"Increasing frequency and severity of wildfire may jeopardize persistence of large tracts of late seral forest, raising concerns over population viability of forest-dependent species like the Northern Goshawk (Accipiter gentilis). We tracked 20 adult Northern Goshawks with GPS loggers over 4 years to investigate roosting (nocturnal) and foraging (diurnal) habitat selection in a heterogeneously burned forest landscape of the Sierra Nevada mountains of California, United States. Goshawks selected late seral forest attributes for both roosting and foraging at multiple spatio-temporal scales, although at the finest (daily) scale, goshawks selected more diverse forest structure that included small trees and medium canopy cover. Less than 6% of roosts were in areas burned in the last 50 years and goshawks avoided areas burned at high severity when roosting and when foraging across spatial scales. Four goshawks (3 males, 1 female) undertook forays >5 km from their nest location, two of which forayed into burned areas during at least one season. High severity fire is likely to make forests unsuitable foraging or roosting habitat for Northern Goshawks, although lower severity fire may provide foraging opportunities for this generalist predator. Eighty percent of foraging space use and 87% of roost locations were considered high fire hazard potential, suggesting that goshawk habitat in western North America is likely to be reduced by predicted increases in fire frequency and severity in the region.
Development of integrated population models (IPMs) assume the absence of systematic bias in monitoring programs, yet many potential sources of systematic bias in monitoring data exist (e.g., under-counts of abundance). By integrating multiple sources of data, we can assess whether various sources of monitoring data provide consistent inferences about changes in population size and, thus, whether monitoring programs appear unbiased. For the purposes of understanding how IPMs could provide insights for monitoring programs, we used the Svalbard breeding population of pink-footed goose (Anser brachyrhynchus) as a case study. The Svalbard pink-footed goose is a well-studied species, the focus of the first adaptive-harvest-management program in Europe, and the subject of a variety of long-term monitoring programs. We examined two formulations of an IPM, but ultimately relied on the one that provided a satisfactory fit to all the available data as based on Chi-squared goodness of fit tests. Our analyses suggest a negative bias in November counts (-20 %), a negative bias in capture-mark-recapture estimates of survival (-3 %), and a negative bias in indices of productivity (-23 %). We offer possible explanations for these biases, whether the degree of bias seems reasonable considering those explanations, and how bias might be investigated directly and ultimately avoided or corrected. Finally, we discuss implications of our work for developing IPMs and associated monitoring programs for managing pink-footed geese and other waterbird species.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2019.108869","usgsCitation":"Johnson, F., Zimmerman, G.S., Jensen, G.H., Clausen, K.K., Frederiksen, M., and Madsen, J., 2020, Using integrated population models for insights into monitoring programs: An application using pink-footed geese: Ecological Modelling, v. 415, 108869, 13 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2019.108869.","productDescription":"108869, 13 p.","ipdsId":"IP-107877","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":437202,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P901K3RP","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Demographic parameters for Svalbard pink-footed geese, 1991-2018"},{"id":369802,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"415","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":5,"text":"Lafayette PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, Fred 0000-0002-5854-3695","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5854-3695","contributorId":220964,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Fred","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":776392,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zimmerman, Guthrie S.","contributorId":42473,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zimmerman","given":"Guthrie","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":6661,"text":"US Fish and Wildlife Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":776393,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jensen, Gitte H.","contributorId":220965,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jensen","given":"Gitte","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":13685,"text":"Aarhus University, Department of Bioscience","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":776394,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Clausen, Kevin K.","contributorId":174355,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Clausen","given":"Kevin","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":13419,"text":"Aarhus University, Denmark","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":776395,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Frederiksen, Morten","contributorId":217509,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Frederiksen","given":"Morten","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13685,"text":"Aarhus University, Department of Bioscience","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":776396,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Madsen, Jesper","contributorId":178168,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Madsen","given":"Jesper","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":776397,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70211921,"text":"70211921 - 2020 - Gaps and hotspots in the state of knowledge of pinyon-juniper communities","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-08-11T20:24:40.554658","indexId":"70211921","displayToPublicDate":"2019-11-18T15:15:16","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1687,"text":"Forest Ecology and Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Gaps and hotspots in the state of knowledge of pinyon-juniper communities","docAbstract":"Pinyon-juniper (PJ) plant communities cover a large area across North America and provide critical habitat for wildlife, biodiversity and ecosystem functions, and rich cultural resources. These communities occur across a variety of environmental gradients, disturbance regimes, structural conditions and species compositions, including three species of juniper and two species of pinyon. PJ communities have experienced substantial changes in recent decades and identifying appropriate management strategies for these diverse communities is a growing challenge. Here, we surveyed the literature and compiled 441 studies to characterize patterns in research on PJ communities through time, across geographic space and climatic conditions, and among focal species. We evaluate the state of knowledge for three focal topics: 1) historical stand dynamics and responses to disturbance, 2) land management actions and their effects, and 3) potential future responses to changing climate. We identified large and potentially important gaps in our understanding of pinyon-juniper communities both geographically and topically. The effect of drought on Pinus edulis, the pinyon pine species in eastern PJ communities was frequently addressed, while few studies focused on drought effects on Pinus monophylla, which occurs in western PJ communities. The largest proportion of studies that examined land management actions only measured their effects for one year. Grazing was a common land-use across the geographic range of PJ communities yet was rarely studied. We found only 39 studies that had information on the impacts of anthropogenic climate change and most were concentrated on Pinus edulis. These results provide a synthetic perspective on PJ communities that can help natural resource managers identify relevant knowledge needed for decision-making and researchers design new studies to fill important knowledge gaps.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.foreco.2019.117628","usgsCitation":"Hartsell, J.A., Copeland, S., Munson, S.M., Butterfield, B.J., and Bradford, J., 2020, Gaps and hotspots in the state of knowledge of pinyon-juniper communities: Forest Ecology and Management, v. 455, 117628, 23 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2019.117628.","productDescription":"117628, 23 p.","ipdsId":"IP-108384","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":458505,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2019.117628","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":437204,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9LWZN72","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Pinyon and Juniper location data, including a literature review citation list of Pinyon-Juniper systems from 1909 to 2018"},{"id":377388,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona, California, Colorado, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -104.47998046875,\n 32.491230287947594\n ],\n [\n -103.90869140625,\n 36.79169061907076\n ],\n [\n -104.5458984375,\n 40.329795743702064\n ],\n [\n -110.8740234375,\n 40.697299008636755\n ],\n [\n -111.86279296875,\n 41.60722821271717\n ],\n [\n -116.05957031249999,\n 41.45919537950706\n ],\n [\n -119.81689453125,\n 37.59682400108367\n ],\n [\n -117.35595703124999,\n 34.939985151560435\n ],\n [\n -112.4560546875,\n 32.43561304116276\n ],\n [\n -109.2041015625,\n 31.466153715024294\n ],\n [\n -108.2373046875,\n 31.372399104880525\n ],\n [\n -108.17138671875,\n 31.784216884487385\n ],\n [\n -104.19433593749999,\n 31.952162238024975\n ],\n [\n -104.47998046875,\n 32.491230287947594\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"455","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hartsell, Jessica A. 0000-0003-1414-8797","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1414-8797","contributorId":238016,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hartsell","given":"Jessica","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":795819,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Copeland, Stella M.","contributorId":196218,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Copeland","given":"Stella M.","affiliations":[{"id":37009,"text":"USDA Agricultural Research Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":795820,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Munson, Seth M. 0000-0002-2736-6374 smunson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2736-6374","contributorId":1334,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Munson","given":"Seth","email":"smunson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":411,"text":"National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":795821,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Butterfield, Bradley J. 0000-0003-0974-9811","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0974-9811","contributorId":167009,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Butterfield","given":"Bradley","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":24591,"text":"Merriam-Powell Center for Environmental Research and Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":795822,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bradford, John B. 0000-0001-9257-6303","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9257-6303","contributorId":219257,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradford","given":"John B.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":795823,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70228140,"text":"70228140 - 2020 - Marking otoliths of Alligator Gar by immersion in oxytetracycline","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-04T16:50:16.906223","indexId":"70228140","displayToPublicDate":"2019-11-13T10:44:49","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Marking otoliths of Alligator Gar by immersion in oxytetracycline","docAbstract":"Alligator Gar Atractosteus spatula are increasingly being stocked to restore populations, making the need to identify stocked individuals important for monitoring. Oxytetracycline (OTC) immersion allows for large numbers of fish to be marked simultaneously, thus eliminating the need to handle fish individually, but protocols for doing so have not been investigated fully for this species. In this study, we sought to identify dosages of OTC (concentration and duration of exposure) that would successfully mark juvenile Alligator Gar while minimizing mortality as a result of the marking procedures. Juvenile Alligator Gar (38 ± 4.4 mm [mean ± SE]) were collected from raceways at Tishomingo National Fish Hatchery 18–22 d after hatch and were marked during transport to the Oklahoma Fishery Research Laboratory. Ten individuals per treatment (360 total individuals) were randomly placed into one of three replicates containing one of four concentration × duration combinations of Pennox 343 OTC solution. Juvenile Alligator Gar were exposed to an OTC concentration of 0 (control), 500, 600, or 700 mg/L for a duration of 4, 5, or 6 h. Asteriscus, lapillus, and sagittal otoliths were examined for mark presence at 14 d postexposure by using fluorescent microscopy. The OTC concentration and duration both affected mean mark quality similarly among otolith types. Mortality increased with increasing OTC concentration, suggesting that a balance between concentration and duration is needed to achieve marking goals. Based on our findings, batch marking of Alligator Gar was successful at OTC concentrations from 500 to 700 mg/L for 4–6 h, although immersion at 500 mg/L for 6 h and 600 mg/L for 4–6 h produced the best balance between high mark quality and low associated mortality.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1002/nafm.10365","usgsCitation":"Snow, R.A., Long, J.M., and Porta, M.J., 2020, Marking otoliths of Alligator Gar by immersion in oxytetracycline: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 40, no. 3, p. 669-674, https://doi.org/10.1002/nafm.10365.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"669","endPage":"674","ipdsId":"IP-107851","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":395441,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"40","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-11-13","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Snow, Richard A.","contributorId":176213,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Snow","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":27443,"text":"Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":833198,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Long, James M. 0000-0002-8658-9949 jmlong@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8658-9949","contributorId":3453,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Long","given":"James","email":"jmlong@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":833199,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Porta, Michael J.","contributorId":270652,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Porta","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":27443,"text":"Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":833200,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70211826,"text":"70211826 - 2020 - The mineral diversity of Jezero crater: Evidence for possible lacustrine carbonates on Mars","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-08-07T22:03:59.417806","indexId":"70211826","displayToPublicDate":"2019-11-11T17:00:25","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1963,"text":"Icarus","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The mineral diversity of Jezero crater: Evidence for possible lacustrine carbonates on Mars","docAbstract":"Noachian-aged Jezero crater is the only known location on Mars where clear orbital detections of carbonates are found in close proximity to clear fluvio-lacustrine features indicating the past presence of a paleolake; however, it is unclear whether or not the carbonates in Jezero are related to the lacustrine activity. This distinction is critical for evaluating the astrobiological potential of the site, as lacustrine carbonates on Earth are capable of preserving biosignatures at scales that may be detectable by a landed mission like the Mars 2020 rover, which is planned to land in Jezero in February 2021. In this study, we conduct a detailed investigation of the mineralogical and morphological properties of geological units within Jezero crater in order to better constrain the origin of carbonates in the basin and their timing relative to fluvio-lacustrine activity. Using orbital visible/near-infrared hyperspectral images from the Compact Reconnaissance Imaging Spectrometer for Mars (CRISM) along with high resolution imagery and digital elevation models, we identify a distinct carbonate-bearing unit, the “Marginal Carbonates,” located along the inner margin of the crater, near the largest inlet valley and the western delta. Based on their strong carbonate signatures, topographic properties, and location in the crater, we propose that this unit may preserve authigenic lacustrine carbonates, precipitated in the near-shore environment of the Jezero paleolake. Comparison to carbonate deposits from terrestrial closed basin lakes suggests that if the Marginal Carbonates are lacustrine in origin, they could preserve macro- and microscopic biosignatures in microbialite rocks like stromatolites, some of which would likely be detectable by Mars 2020. The Marginal Carbonates may represent just one phase of a complex fluvio-lacustrine history in Jezero crater, as we find that the spectral diversity of the fluvio-lacustrine deposits in the crater is consistent with a long-lived lake system cataloging the deposition and erosion of regional geologic units. Thus, Jezero crater may contain a unique record of the evolution of surface environments, climates, and habitability on early Mars.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.icarus.2019.113526","usgsCitation":"Horgan, B., Anderson, R.B., Dromart, G., Amador, E.S., and Rice, M.S., 2020, The mineral diversity of Jezero crater: Evidence for possible lacustrine carbonates on Mars: Icarus, v. 339, 113526, 34 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2019.113526.","productDescription":"113526, 34 p.","ipdsId":"IP-111142","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":458525,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2019.113526","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":377214,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Mars","volume":"339","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Horgan, Briony H. N.","contributorId":237069,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Horgan","given":"Briony H. N.","affiliations":[{"id":13186,"text":"Purdue University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":795256,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Anderson, Ryan B. 0000-0003-4465-2871 rbanderson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4465-2871","contributorId":170054,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"Ryan","email":"rbanderson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":795257,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dromart, G.","contributorId":237771,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dromart","given":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":47605,"text":"U. Lyon","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":795258,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Amador, Elena S.","contributorId":237804,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Amador","given":"Elena","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":795345,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Rice, Melissa S.","contributorId":237772,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rice","given":"Melissa","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":47606,"text":"Western Washington U.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":795259,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70212613,"text":"70212613 - 2020 - Classification of oil spill by thicknesses using multiple remote sensors","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-08-24T14:12:42.526677","indexId":"70212613","displayToPublicDate":"2019-11-09T09:09:56","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3254,"text":"Remote Sensing of Environment","printIssn":"0034-4257","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Classification of oil spill by thicknesses using multiple remote sensors","docAbstract":"Satellite Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) is an operational tool for monitoring and assessment of oil spills. Satellite SAR has primarily been used to detect the presence/absence of oil, yet its ability to discriminate oil emulsions within a detected oil slick has not been fully exploited. Additionally, one of the challenges in the past has been the ability to deliver strategic information derived from satellite remote sensing in a timely fashion to responders in the field. This study presents methods for the rapid classification of oil types and estimated thicknesses, from which information about thick oil and oil emulsions (i.e., “actionable” oil) can be delivered in an operational timeframe to responders in the field. Experiments carried out at the OHMSETT test facility in New Jersey demonstrate that under specific viewing conditions, a single polarization satellite SAR image can record a signal variance between thick stable emulsions and non-emulsified oil. During a series of field campaigns in the Gulf of Mexico with in situ measurements of oil thickness, multiple satellite data were obtained including fully polarimetric C-band SAR imagery from RADARSAT-2 and multispectral imagery from ASTER and WorldView-2. One campaign included the airborne polarimetric UAVSAR L-band sensor. An oil/emulsion thickness classification product was generated based on RADARSAT-2 polarimetric imagery using entropy and the damping ratio derivations. Herein, we present the classification methods to generate oil thickness products from SAR, validated by sea-truth observations, the multispectral imagery, and the UAVSAR data. We tested the ability to deliver these products with minimum latency to responding vessels via NOAA. During field operations in the Gulf of Mexico, a satellite SAR-based product of oil delineation by relative thickness was delivered to a responding vessel 42 min after the RADARSAT-2 data acquisition. This proof-of-concept test using satellite SAR and multispectral imagery to detect emulsions and deliver a derived information product to a vessel in near-real-time points directly to methods for satellite-based assets to be used in the near future for oil spill tactical response operations.
Individuals should prefer and use habitats that confer high fitness, but habitat use is not always adaptive. Vegetation in natural landscapes changes gradually and the ability of species to adaptively adjust their habitat use to long-term changes is largely unstudied. We studied nest patch and territory use over 28 yr in Orange-crowned Warblers (Oreothlypis celata) in a system that has undergone natural long-term changes in vegetation. Abundance of maple (Acer grandidentatum), its preferred nesting habitat, gradually declined from 1987 to 2015. We examined whether habitat use and its fitness consequences changed as the availability of preferred habitat decreased. We used resource selection function models to determine changes over time in the probability of using a nest patch given available patches, and the probability of using a territory given available territories. We estimated nest survival to evaluate changes over time in the fitness consequences of nest patch use. We also compared habitat use (nest patch and territory) and fitness (nest survival) between areas with naturally reduced abundance of maple and experimentally increased abundance of maple (fenced areas). Nest patch use depended on maple abundance and did not change drastically across 28 yr, even though the availability of preferred maple patches decreased over time. In contrast, nest survival tended to decrease over time. We did not see differences in nest patch use and nest survival between unfenced and fenced areas, unlike territory use, which increased with the abundance of maple in fenced areas and decreased in unfenced areas. Our study depicts one example of relatively unchanged habitat use in the face of decreased availability of preferred vegetation across years, with a resulting decrease in reproductive success. Investigating changes in habitat use and fitness consequences for animals exposed to long-term habitat change is necessary to understand adaptive behavioral responses.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.1093/auk/ukz061","usgsCitation":"Fierro-Calderón, K., and Martin, T.E., 2020, Does vegetation change over 28 years affect habitat use and reproductive success?: The Auk, v. 137, no. 1, p. 1-9, https://doi.org/10.1093/auk/ukz061.","productDescription":"ukz061, 9 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"9","ipdsId":"IP-107208","costCenters":[{"id":399,"text":"Montana Cooperative Wildlife Research Unit","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":458549,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/auk/ukz061","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":393648,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Mogollon Rim","volume":"137","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-11-04","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fierro-Calderón, Karolina","contributorId":270677,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fierro-Calderón","given":"Karolina","affiliations":[{"id":48645,"text":"umt","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":829732,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Martin, Thomas E. 0000-0002-4028-4867 tmartin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4028-4867","contributorId":1208,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"Thomas","email":"tmartin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":829731,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70209553,"text":"70209553 - 2020 - Change points in annual peak streamflows: Method comparisons and historical change points in the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-05-04T17:54:54.253292","indexId":"70209553","displayToPublicDate":"2019-11-02T07:59:37","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Change points in annual peak streamflows: Method comparisons and historical change points in the United States","docAbstract":"Change-point, or step-trend, detection is an active area of research in statistics and an area of great interest in hydrology because change points may be evidence of natural or anthropogenic changes in climatic, hydrologic, or landscape processes. A common change-point technique is the Pettitt test; however, many change-point methods are now available and testing of methods has been limited. This study investigated eight methods for detecting change points in the location (central tendency, seven methods) and scale (dispersion or spread, one method) of annual peak streamflows, using simulated data with and without change points, and peak-streamflow series from basins with known large additions of reservoir storage. Parametric methods tested, including a Bayesian one, did not perform well, even when transforming peak streamflows to approximate normality by using logarithms. Nonparametric methods other than the Pettitt test allow for more than one change point but have an unacceptable number of false positives. Based on the results of our methods comparisons, we used the Pettitt and the Mood tests to find change points in location and scale, respectively, in thousands of streamgage records in the conterminous United States. Change points in location (median) and scale are abundant, with the changes in median peak streamflow showing regional patterns, as well as a strong increased streamflow signal around 1970. The changes in scale of peak streamflows are dominated more by temporal than spatial patterns; more streamgages had decreases in scale in earlier decades than recent decades and more streamgages had increases in scale occurring in recent decades than earlier decades.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2019.124307","collaboration":"","usgsCitation":"Ryberg, K.R., Hodgkins, G.A., and Dudley, R., 2020, Change points in annual peak streamflows: Method comparisons and historical change points in the United States: Journal of Hydrology, v. 583, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2019.124307.","productDescription":"124307, 13 p.","startPage":"","ipdsId":"IP-098428","costCenters":[{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":373948,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": 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,{"id":70206284,"text":"70206284 - 2020 - Asymptotic population abundance of a two-patch system with asymmetric diffusion","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-03-10T19:40:11","indexId":"70206284","displayToPublicDate":"2019-10-28T15:33:08","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5881,"text":"Discrete & Continuous Dynamical Systems-A","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Asymptotic population abundance of a two-patch system with asymmetric diffusion","docAbstract":"This paper considers a two-patch system with asymmetric diffusion rates, in which exploitable resources are included. By using dynamical system theory, we exclude periodic solution in the one-patch subsystem and demonstrate its global dynamics. Then we exhibit uniform persistence of the two-patch system and demonstrate uniqueness of the positive equilibrium, which is shown to be asymptotically stable when the diffusion rates are sufficiently large. By a thorough analysis on the asymptotic population abundance, we demonstrate necessary and sufficient conditions under which the asymmetric diffusion rates can lead to the result that total equilibrium population abundance in heterogeneous environments is larger than that in heterogeneous/homogeneous environments with no diffusion, which is not intuitive. Our result extends previous work to the situation of asymmetric diffusion and provides new insights. Numerical simulations confirm and extend our results.","language":"English","publisher":"American Institute of Mathematical Sciences","doi":"10.3934/dcds.2020031","usgsCitation":"Fang, M., Wang, Y., Chen, M., and DeAngelis, D.L., 2020, Asymptotic population abundance of a two-patch system with asymmetric diffusion: Discrete & Continuous Dynamical Systems-A, v. 40, no. 6, p. 3411-3425, https://doi.org/10.3934/dcds.2020031.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"3411","endPage":"3425","ipdsId":"IP-106085","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":458574,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3934/dcds.2020031","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":368719,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"40","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":5,"text":"Lafayette PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fang, Mengting","contributorId":220087,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fang","given":"Mengting","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":37968,"text":"Sun Yat-Sen University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":774071,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wang, Yuanshi","contributorId":207814,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wang","given":"Yuanshi","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":37637,"text":"School of Mathematics and Computational Science Sun Yat-sen University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":774072,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chen, Mingshu","contributorId":220088,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chen","given":"Mingshu","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":37968,"text":"Sun Yat-Sen University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":774073,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"DeAngelis, Donald L. 0000-0002-1570-4057 don_deangelis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1570-4057","contributorId":148065,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeAngelis","given":"Donald","email":"don_deangelis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":774070,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70208111,"text":"70208111 - 2020 - Urbanization reduces genetic connectivity in bobcats (Lynx rufus) at both intra- and interpopulation spatial scales","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-29T16:13:47","indexId":"70208111","displayToPublicDate":"2019-10-15T18:56:29","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2774,"text":"Molecular Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Urbanization reduces genetic connectivity in bobcats (Lynx rufus) at both intra- and interpopulation spatial scales","title":"Urbanization reduces genetic connectivity in bobcats (Lynx rufus) at both intra- and interpopulation spatial scales","docAbstract":"Urbanization is a major factor driving habitat fragmentation and connectivity loss in wildlife. However, the impacts of urbanization on connectivity can vary among species and even populations due to differences in local landscape characteristics, and our ability to detect these relationships may depend on the spatial scale at which they are measured. Bobcats (Lynx rufus) are relatively sensitive to urbanization and the status of bobcat populations is an important indicator of connectivity in urban coastal southern California. We genotyped 271 bobcats at 13,520 SNP loci to conduct a replicated landscape resistance analysis in five genetically distinct populations. We tested urban and natural factors potentially influencing individual connectivity in each population separately, as well as study–wide. Overall, landscape genomic effects were most frequently detected at the study–wide spatial scale, with urban land cover (measured as impervious surface) having negative effects and topographic roughness having positive effects on gene flow. The negative effect of urban land cover on connectivity was also evident when populations were analyzed separately despite varying substantially in spatial area and the proportion of urban development, confirming a pervasive impact of urbanization largely independent of spatial scale. The effect of urban development was strongest in one population where stream habitat had been lost to development, suggesting that riparian corridors may help mitigate reduced connectivity in urbanizing areas. Our results demonstrate the importance of replicating landscape genetic analyses across populations and considering how landscape genetic effects may vary with spatial scale and local landscape structure.
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However, functional responses can be context dependent, varying with resource characteristics and availability, consumer attributes, and environmental variables. Identifying context dependencies can allow invasion and damage risk to be predicted across different ecoregions. Understanding how ecological factors shape the functional response in agro‐ecosystems can improve predictions of hotspots of highest impact and inform strategies to mitigate damage across locations with varying crop types and availability. We linked heterogeneous movement data across different agro‐ecosystems to predict ecologically driven variability in the functional responses. We applied our approach to wild pigs (Sus scrofa), one of the most successful and detrimental IAS worldwide where agricultural resource depredation is an important driver of spread and establishment. We used continental‐scale movement data within agro‐ecosystems to quantify the functional response of agricultural resources relative to availability of crops and natural forage. We hypothesized that wild pigs would selectively use crops more often when natural forage resources were low. We also examined how individual attributes such as sex, crop type, and resource stimulus such as distance to crops altered the magnitude of the functional response. There was a strong agricultural functional response where crop use was an accelerating function of crop availability at low density (Type III) and was highly context dependent. As hypothesized, there was a reduced response of crop use with increasing crop availability when non‐agricultural resources were more available, emphasizing that crop damage levels are likely to be highly heterogeneous depending on surrounding natural resources and temporal availability of crops. We found significant effects of crop type and sex, with males spending 20% more time and visiting crops 58% more often than females, and both sexes showing different functional responses depending on crop type. Our application demonstrates how commonly collected animal movement data can be used to understand context dependencies in resource use to improve our understanding of pest foraging behavior, with implications for prioritizing spatiotemporal hotspots of potential economic loss in agro‐ecosystems.
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Texoma","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-03T16:14:54.337554","indexId":"70227114","displayToPublicDate":"2019-09-30T10:42:20","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hybridization and population genetics of Alligator Gar in Lake Texoma","docAbstract":"The Alligator Gar Atractosteus spatula (AG) is a long-lived fish of growing management and conservation interest. Situated on the border of Texas and Oklahoma, Lake Texoma supports one of the last robust AG populations in Oklahoma; however, a genetic evaluation of this population is lacking. We genotyped AG individuals with 17 microsatellite loci, 7 of which also cross-amplified in three sympatric Lepisosteus species: the Longnose Gar L. osseus (LN), Shortnose Gar L. platostomus (SN), and Spotted Gar L. oculatus (SP). Bayesian assignment analyses conducted in STRUCTURE and NewHybrids confirmed that a field-identified hybrid was an F1 AG × LN and identified five other individuals that were suspected backcrosses (three LN × SN; two SN × SP). Alligator Gar had the lowest observed heterozygosity (0.179) and the lowest allelic richness (1.682) among the nonhybrid individuals of the four gar species examined. We also examined the potential for population structure and differences in pairwise relatedness (r) between two areas where AG are commonly encountered within Lake Texoma: the Red River and Washita River arms. No population structure was detected using noninformative or location priors in STRUCTURE, and estimates of r produced by the TrioML estimator in COANCESTRY were not significantly different between arms (overall mean r = 0.199). Point estimates of effective population size ranging from 16.3 to 29.2 suggested that the AG population may be vulnerable to the effects of inbreeding depression and random genetic drift. Results provide a genetic status assessment of AG in Lake Texoma and a baseline for future management and conservation decisions within Lake Texoma and surrounding regions.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/nafm.10346","usgsCitation":"Taylor, A.T., Long, J.M., Snow, R.W., and Porta, M., 2020, Hybridization and population genetics of Alligator Gar in Lake Texoma: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 40, no. 3, p. 544-554, https://doi.org/10.1002/nafm.10346.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"544","endPage":"554","ipdsId":"IP-107095","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":393654,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oklahoma, Texas","otherGeospatial":"Lake Texoma","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -97.01339721679686,\n 33.6774970449755\n ],\n [\n -96.48330688476561,\n 33.6774970449755\n ],\n [\n -96.48330688476561,\n 34.21520907870628\n ],\n [\n -97.01339721679686,\n 34.21520907870628\n ],\n [\n -97.01339721679686,\n 33.6774970449755\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"40","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-09-30","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Taylor, Andrew T.","contributorId":177197,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Taylor","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":829691,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Long, James M. 0000-0002-8658-9949 jmlong@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8658-9949","contributorId":3453,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Long","given":"James","email":"jmlong@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":829692,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Snow, Raymond W.","contributorId":178337,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Snow","given":"Raymond","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":829693,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Porta, M. J.","contributorId":264714,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Porta","given":"M. J.","affiliations":[{"id":27443,"text":"Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":829694,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ]}