Habitat connectivity is vital to the persistence of migratory fishes. Native tropical island stream fish assemblages composed of diadromous species require intact corridors between ocean and riverine habitats. High dams block fish migration, but low-head artificial barriers are more widespread and are rarely assessed for impacts. Among all 46 drainages in Puerto Rico, we identified and surveyed 335 artificial barriers that hinder fish migration to 74.5% of the upstream habitat. We also surveyed occupancy of native diadromous fishes (Anguillidae, Eleotridae, Gobiidae, and Mugilidae) in 118 river reaches. Occupancy models demonstrated that barriers 2 meters (m) high restricted nongoby fish migration and extirpated those fish upstream of 4-m barriers. Gobies are adapted to climbing and are restricted by 12-m barriers and extirpated upstream of 32-m barriers. Our findings quantitatively illustrate the extensive impact of low-head structures on island stream fauna and provide guidance for natural resource management, habitat restoration, and water development strategies.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Institute of Biological Sciences","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1525/bio.2013.63.3.6","collaboration":"Puerto Rico Department of Natural and Environmental Resources through Federal Aid in Sport Fish Restoration; US Fish and Wildlife Service, Division of Fish and Wildlife Management, Branch of Habitat Restoration; North Carolina State University; North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission; US Geological Survey; US Fish and Wildlife Service; Wildlife Management Institute","usgsCitation":"Cooney, P.B., and Kwak, T.J., 2013, Spatial extent and dynamics of dam impacts on tropical island freshwater fish assemblages: BioScience, v. 63, no. 3, p. 176-190, https://doi.org/10.1525/bio.2013.63.3.6.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"176","endPage":"190","numberOfPages":"15","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-038818","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473997,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1525/bio.2013.63.3.6","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":301369,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"63","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55853d5be4b023124e8f5b49","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cooney, Patrick B.","contributorId":141249,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cooney","given":"Patrick","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":549047,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kwak, Thomas J. 0000-0002-0616-137X tkwak@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0616-137X","contributorId":834,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kwak","given":"Thomas","email":"tkwak@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":549048,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70123889,"text":"70123889 - 2013 - Species of conservation concern and environmental stressors: Local regional and global effects","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-02T14:57:02.571974","indexId":"70123889","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T12:38:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":32,"text":"General Technical Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"RMRS-GTR-303","chapter":"6","title":"Species of conservation concern and environmental stressors: Local regional and global effects","docAbstract":"Species conservation has traditionally been based on individual species within the context of their requisite habitat, which is generally defined as the communities and ecosystems deemed necessary for their presence. Conservation decisions are hampered by the fact that environmental stressors that poetically threaten the persistence of species can operate at organizational levels larger than the habitat or home range of a focal species. Resource managers must therefore simultaneously consider local, regional, and/or global scale stressors for effective conservation and management of species of concern.
\nThe wide ranging effects associated with global stressors such as climate change may exceed or exacerbate the effects of local or regional stressors, they still need to understand the direct and interactive effects of global stressors and ultimately how they affect the lands they manage. Conservation of species in southern Nevada is further complication by the fact that the region includes one of the largest and fastest growing urban centers in North America. To accomplish the goal of species conservation, resource managers must identify actionable management options that mitigate the effects of local and regional stressor in the context of the effects of global stressors that are beyond their control.
\nSpecies conservation is typically focused on a subset often referred to as species of conservation concern that have either demonstrated considerable decline or are naturally rare or have limited distributions. Stressors can directly and indirectly impact species in a variety of ways and through a diversity of mechanisms. Some stressors have been more intense in the past (e.g., livestock grazing) whereas other are now only emerging as new stressors (e.g., solar energy development, climate change). The primary stressors affecting southern Nevada ecosystems are listed in table 2.1 and reviewed in detail in Chapter 2. This chapter addresses Dub-goal 1.4 in the SNAP Science Research Strategy which is to sustain and enhance southern Nevada's biotic communities to preserve biodiversity wand maintain viable populations (table 1.3; Turner and others 2009). We provide numerous examples of how stressors affect the range and/or habitat of select species of conservation concern. It is important to note that the species or groups discussed in this chapter by no means represent a comprehensive treatment of all species of conservation concern listed in Table 1.2 (Chapter 1). Rather, several species were chosen as examples for each southern Nevada ecosystem type to illustrate how stressors and linkages among them can affect species of conservation concern, keeping in mind that many of the species considered here are found in more than one ecosystem type. In addition, the stressors that may impact a species in one ecosystem may not be those that affect it in another ecosystem and different species in the same ecosystem may not be affected by the same suite of stressors. Finally, at the start of each ecosystem section we summarize key resource concerns, species used as examples, key stressors, and potential synergistic effects of those stressors relative to the species example.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"The Southern Nevada Agency Partnership science and research synthesis: Science to support land management in southern Nevada (General Technical Report RMRS-GTR-303)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Forest Service","publisherLocation":"Fort Collins, CO","usgsCitation":"Ostoja, S.M., Brooks, M.L., Chambers, J., and Pendleton, B., 2013, Species of conservation concern and environmental stressors: Local regional and global effects: General Technical Report RMRS-GTR-303, 28 p.","productDescription":"28 p.","startPage":"97","endPage":"124","numberOfPages":"28","ipdsId":"IP-038388","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":294522,"rank":2,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":294521,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.fs.usda.gov/research/treesearch/43873","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -114.62994356826636,\n 35.02392827573823\n ],\n [\n -114.71108092890972,\n 36.05434128183754\n ],\n [\n -114.1610398819929,\n 35.96903144947467\n ],\n [\n -113.99956682074821,\n 39.38359318014548\n ],\n [\n -120.06431672841825,\n 39.64524306073176\n ],\n [\n -120.09127846963423,\n 38.90168971729281\n ],\n [\n -114.62994356826636,\n 35.02392827573823\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54252ed5e4b0e641df8a71a5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ostoja, Steven M. sostoja@usgs.gov","contributorId":3039,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ostoja","given":"Steven","email":"sostoja@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":33665,"text":"USDA California Climate Hub, UC Davis","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":500459,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brooks, Matthew L. 0000-0002-3518-6787 mlbrooks@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3518-6787","contributorId":393,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brooks","given":"Matthew","email":"mlbrooks@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":500458,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chambers, Jeanne C.","contributorId":75889,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chambers","given":"Jeanne C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500460,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pendleton, Burton","contributorId":78660,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pendleton","given":"Burton","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500461,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70154872,"text":"70154872 - 2013 - Interactions between striped bass and other gamefish in reservoirs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-07-13T09:41:53","indexId":"70154872","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T10:45:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":718,"text":"American Fisheries Society Symposium","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Interactions between striped bass and other gamefish in reservoirs","docAbstract":"Competitive interactions among reservoir fishes may be pronounced because fish assemblages in these artificial environments have had little time to develop niche-partitioning strategies that alleviate negative interspecific interactions. Such interactions may at times have been intensified by introductions of predators such as striped bass Morone saxatilis, introduced to create additional fisheries and control pelagic clupeids. Possible interactions between existing fish assemblages and striped bass include predation and competition. While there is a perception among angler groups that predation by striped bass on co-existing game fish is significant, most studies have reported little or no predation on game fish my striped bass and have considered predation rare and inconsequential. Moreover, predation that occurs will likely be compensatory and fail to reduce overall game fish survival. Any indirect effect of striped bass predation by restricting prey-sized game fish to limited refuge sites remains unknown. Exploitative competition may be more common. Although infrequently, introduced striped bass have depleted prey resources shared with other piscivores, particularly when stocking rates have been high, when there is a high rate of natural reproduction, or when prey supply has plunged in response to environmental fluxes. Fluctuation in prey supply, associated with ordinary environmental variability, and associated time lages in prey supply and predator demand, preclude adjusting predator densities to exactly balance demand with supply. The frequency of low supply-demand rations varies across systems and exhibits seasonal trends. Nevertheless, chronic supply-demand imbalances are manageable where the predator assemblage is at least partially controlled through stocking, harvest regulations, or both. Because of the poor state of knowledge concerning the parameters defining balance and because uncontrollable annual fluctuations preclude exact management of alternating prey levels, we suggest adjusting stocking to manage demand to that it equals the median historical prey supply. Simulating the removal of striped bass and predicting the aftermath may be the most cost-efficient way to provide decision support for stakeholders involved in determining if a striped bass stocking program is beneficial to most users.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","publisherLocation":"Bethesda, MD","usgsCitation":"Miranda, L.E., and Raborn, S.W., 2013, Interactions between striped bass and other gamefish in reservoirs: American Fisheries Society Symposium, v. 80, p. 501-519.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"501","endPage":"519","numberOfPages":"19","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-017371","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":305668,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"80","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55a4e142e4b0183d66e4539c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miranda, Leandro E. 0000-0002-2138-7924 smiranda@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2138-7924","contributorId":531,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miranda","given":"Leandro","email":"smiranda@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":564299,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Raborn, Scott W.","contributorId":145575,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Raborn","given":"Scott","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":564675,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70045536,"text":"70045536 - 2013 - Adaptive strategies and life history characteristics in a warming climate: salmon in the Arctic?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-09-09T10:00:13","indexId":"70045536","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1528,"text":"Environmental Biology of Fishes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Adaptive strategies and life history characteristics in a warming climate: salmon in the Arctic?","docAbstract":"In the warming Arctic, aquatic habitats are in flux and salmon are exploring their options. Adult Pacific salmon, including sockeye (Oncorhynchus nerka), coho (O. kisutch), Chinook (O. tshawytscha), pink (O. gorbuscha) and chum (O. keta) have been captured throughout the Arctic. Pink and chum salmon are the most common species found in the Arctic today. These species are less dependent on freshwater habitats as juveniles and grow quickly in marine habitats. Putative spawning populations are rare in the North American Arctic and limited to pink salmon in drainages north of Point Hope, Alaska, chum salmon spawning rivers draining to the northwestern Beaufort Sea, and small populations of chum and pink salmon in Canada’s Mackenzie River. Pacific salmon have colonized several large river basins draining to the Kara, Laptev and East Siberian seas in the Russian Arctic. These populations probably developed from hatchery supplementation efforts in the 1960’s. Hundreds of populations of Arctic Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) are found in Russia, Norway and Finland. Atlantic salmon have extended their range eastward as far as the Kara Sea in central Russian. A small native population of Atlantic salmon is found in Canada’s Ungava Bay. The northern tip of Quebec seems to be an Atlantic salmon migration barrier for other North American stocks. Compatibility between life history requirements and ecological conditions are prerequisite for salmon colonizing Arctic habitats. Broad-scale predictive models of climate change in the Arctic give little information about feedback processes contributing to local conditions, especially in freshwater systems. This paper reviews the recent history of salmon in the Arctic and explores various patterns of climate change that may influence range expansions and future sustainability of salmon in Arctic habitats. A summary of the research needs that will allow informed expectation of further Arctic colonization by salmon is given.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Biology of Fishes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10641-012-0082-6","usgsCitation":"Nielsen, J.L., Ruggerone, G.T., and Zimmerman, C.E., 2013, Adaptive strategies and life history characteristics in a warming climate: salmon in the Arctic?: Environmental Biology of Fishes, v. 96, no. 10-11, p. 1187-1226, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10641-012-0082-6.","productDescription":"40 p.","startPage":"1187","endPage":"1226","ipdsId":"IP-041169","costCenters":[{"id":115,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":271284,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":271283,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10641-012-0082-6"}],"otherGeospatial":"Arctic Ocean","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -180.0,69.9 ], [ -180.0,90.0 ], [ 180.0,90.0 ], [ 180.0,69.9 ], [ -180.0,69.9 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"96","issue":"10-11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51726769e4b0c173799e7933","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nielsen, Jennifer L.","contributorId":43722,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nielsen","given":"Jennifer","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":477783,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ruggerone, Gregory T.","contributorId":48068,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruggerone","given":"Gregory","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477784,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zimmerman, Christian E. 0000-0002-3646-0688 czimmerman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3646-0688","contributorId":410,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zimmerman","given":"Christian","email":"czimmerman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":120,"text":"Alaska Science Center Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":477782,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70040008,"text":"70040008 - 2013 - On estimating the economic value of insectivorous bats: Prospects and priorities for biologists","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-27T13:21:22","indexId":"70040008","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"On estimating the economic value of insectivorous bats: Prospects and priorities for biologists","docAbstract":"Bats are among the most economically important nondomesticated mammals in the world. They are well-known pollinators and seed dispersers, but crop pest suppression is probably the most valuable ecosystem service provided by bats. Scientific literature and popular media often include reports of crop pests in the diet of bats and anecdotal or extrapolated estimates of how many insects are eaten by bats. However, quantitative estimates of the ecosystem services provided by bats in agricultural systems are rare, and the few estimates that are available are limited to a single cotton-dominated system in Texas. Despite the tremendous value for conservation and economic security of such information, surprisingly few scientific efforts have been dedicated to quantifying the economic value of bats. Here, we outline the types of information needed to better quantify the value of bats in agricultural ecosystems. Because of the complexity of the ecosystems involved, creative experimental design and innovative new methods will help advance our knowledge in this area. Experiments involving bats in agricultural systems may be needed sooner than later, before population declines associated with white-nose syndrome and wind turbines potentially render them impossible.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bat evolution, ecology, and conservation","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/978-1-4614-7397-8_24","isbn":"978-1-4614-7396-1","usgsCitation":"Boyles, J.G., Sole, C.L., Cryan, P.M., and McCracken, G.F., 2013, On estimating the economic value of insectivorous bats: Prospects and priorities for biologists, chap. of Bat evolution, ecology, and conservation, p. 501-515, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-7397-8_24.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"501","endPage":"515","ipdsId":"IP-041113","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":349367,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"UNITED STATES","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-07-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a610328e4b06e28e9c254d9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Boyles, Justin G.","contributorId":26810,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boyles","given":"Justin","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":723575,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sole, Catherine L.","contributorId":200850,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sole","given":"Catherine","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":723576,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cryan, Paul M. 0000-0002-2915-8894 cryanp@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2915-8894","contributorId":2356,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cryan","given":"Paul","email":"cryanp@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":547,"text":"Rocky Mountain Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":723577,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McCracken, Gary F.","contributorId":94789,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCracken","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":723578,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70043306,"text":"70043306 - 2013 - Hybrid seine for full fish community collections","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-17T19:52:27","indexId":"70043306","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2299,"text":"Journal of Freshwater Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hybrid seine for full fish community collections","docAbstract":"Seines are simple and effective fish collection gears, but the net mesh size influences how well the catch represents the fish communities. We designed and tested a hybrid seine with a dual-mesh bag (1/4″ and 1/8″) and compared the fish assemblage collected by each mesh. The fine-mesh net retained three times as many fish and collected more species (as many as eight), including representatives of several rare species, than did the coarser mesh. The dual-mesh bag permitted us to compare both sizes and species retained by each layer and to develop species-specific abundance correction factors, which allowed comparison of catches with the coarse-mesh seine used for earlier collections. The results indicate that a hybrid seine with coarse-mesh wings and a fine-mesh bag would enhance future studies of fish communities, especially when small-bodied fishes or early life stages are the research focus.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Freshwater Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Taylor and Francis","doi":"10.1080/02705060.2012.695752","usgsCitation":"McKenna, J., Waldt, E.M., Abbett, R., David, A., and Snyder, J., 2013, Hybrid seine for full fish community collections: Journal of Freshwater Ecology, v. 28, no. 1, p. 125-131, https://doi.org/10.1080/02705060.2012.695752.","startPage":"125","endPage":"131","ipdsId":"IP-037618","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474029,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02705060.2012.695752","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":267614,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":267613,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02705060.2012.695752"}],"country":"United States","volume":"28","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"512209fee4b0b37542fda86a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McKenna, James E.","contributorId":9217,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKenna","given":"James E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473355,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Waldt, Emily M. ewaldt@usgs.gov","contributorId":4358,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waldt","given":"Emily","email":"ewaldt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":473353,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Abbett, Ross 0000-0001-6276-5541 rabbett@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6276-5541","contributorId":4359,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Abbett","given":"Ross","email":"rabbett@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":473354,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"David, Anthony","contributorId":72684,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"David","given":"Anthony","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473356,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Snyder, James","contributorId":73481,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snyder","given":"James","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473357,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70124014,"text":"70124014 - 2013 - Introduction","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-02T15:17:32.050706","indexId":"70124014","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"1","title":"Introduction","docAbstract":"The Mohave ground squirrel (Xerospermophilus mohavensis), named just over a century ago (Merriam 1889), is precinctive to the western Mojave Desert in California, USA, and occupies portions of Kern, Los Angeles, Inyo and San Bernardino counties (Best 1995). Early estimates of the geographic range of the squirrel are just 20,000 km2 in area (Hall 1981, Zeiner et al. 1988‐ 1990), one of the smallest distributions among North American ground squirrel species (Hoyt 1972, P. Leitner – pers. obs.). The closest living relative of the Mohave ground squirrel (MGS) is the round‐tailed ground squirrel (Xerospermophilus tereticaudus). Mohave ground squirrels have a “shorter tail with distichous hairs and white undersurface”, but visual differences between the two species are subtle (Hafner and Yates 1983). Speciation likely occurred when portions of the parent population were isolated 4‐1.6 million years ago during the accelerated uplift of the Sierra Nevada, the Transverse Ranges and the Mojave River system, resulting in separation and isolation with MGS evolving in refugia (Hafner 1992, Bell et al. 2009). Subsequently, fluvial‐ lacustrine systems in the Mojave River basin provided vicariance features during the Pleistocene (Hafner 1992, Bell et al. 2009). Responding to previous climate change, the two species potentially migrated into their current ranges from southern refugia after the Last Glacial Maximum, eventually abutting each other along the Mojave River (Hafner and Yates 1983). The species are capable of hybridizing, but intercrosses appear to be rare, and sampling near the zones of potential hybridization remains limited (Bell and Matocq 2011). The only other similar sized squirrel occupying the range of MGS is the white‐tailed antelope ground squirrel (Ammospermophilus leucurus) whose range entirely overlaps MGS, but is easily distinguished by its bright white dorso‐lateral stripes (Best 1995)
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Habitat modeling, landscape genetics, and habitat connectivity for the Mohave ground squirrel to guide renewable energy development, CEC‐500‐2014‐003","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"University of Nevada, Reno","usgsCitation":"Esque, T., Nussear, K.E., Inman, R.D., Matocq, M.D., Weisberg, P.J., Dilts, T.E., and Leitner, P., 2013, Introduction, chap. 1 of Habitat modeling, landscape genetics, and habitat connectivity for the Mohave ground squirrel to guide renewable energy development, CEC‐500‐2014‐003, p. 7-12.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"7","endPage":"12","ipdsId":"IP-049583","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":340255,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Mojave Desert","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -118.84149040565643,\n 34.78696144144068\n ],\n [\n -118.52440156140966,\n 34.378869610210316\n ],\n [\n -118.18201625114585,\n 34.34602798774476\n ],\n [\n -117.69293330121587,\n 34.332131395776116\n ],\n [\n -117.52154909895546,\n 34.173683715553935\n ],\n [\n -116.78516190953826,\n 34.166260070210015\n ],\n [\n -116.44593943377066,\n 34.024447715082076\n ],\n [\n -115.9928563034697,\n 34.05914166622438\n ],\n [\n -115.61052219874153,\n 33.79144458085716\n ],\n [\n -115.16977702443415,\n 33.70930371284226\n ],\n [\n -114.52270660907189,\n 33.66747821605681\n ],\n [\n -114.4596779504729,\n 33.940022925563\n ],\n [\n -114.39871696584109,\n 34.09898847644595\n ],\n [\n -114.12031042439338,\n 34.21462405943245\n ],\n [\n -114.1743527205499,\n 34.33861709326476\n ],\n [\n -114.37913502646802,\n 34.41895188520816\n ],\n [\n -114.38787590887972,\n 34.52271026775415\n ],\n [\n -114.48560865856501,\n 34.741214080645776\n ],\n [\n -114.65485798344514,\n 34.87621066309244\n ],\n [\n -114.62862685918324,\n 34.99782299236939\n ],\n [\n -118.49063675379958,\n 37.932572093698624\n ],\n [\n -118.6328984098756,\n 37.49264905048622\n ],\n [\n -118.13561409747172,\n 36.45727963698198\n ],\n [\n -118.0028074338752,\n 35.44492334640478\n ],\n [\n -118.84149040565643,\n 34.78696144144068\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59006066e4b0e85db3a5de07","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Esque, Todd C. tesque@usgs.gov","contributorId":3221,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Esque","given":"Todd C.","email":"tesque@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":519414,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nussear, Kenneth E. knussear@usgs.gov","contributorId":2695,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nussear","given":"Kenneth","email":"knussear@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":519413,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Inman, Richard D. rdinman@usgs.gov","contributorId":3316,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Inman","given":"Richard","email":"rdinman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":519415,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Matocq, Marjorie D.","contributorId":25482,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Matocq","given":"Marjorie","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":692767,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Weisberg, Peter J.","contributorId":33631,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weisberg","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":692768,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Dilts, Thomas E.","contributorId":36833,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dilts","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":692769,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Leitner, Philip","contributorId":31319,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leitner","given":"Philip","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":692770,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70193255,"text":"70193255 - 2013 - Andesites of the 2009 eruption of Redoubt Volcano, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-31T16:00:46","indexId":"70193255","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Andesites of the 2009 eruption of Redoubt Volcano, Alaska","docAbstract":"Crystal-rich andesites that erupted from Redoubt Volcano in 2009 range from 57.5 to 62.5 wt.% SiO2 and have phenocryst and phenocryst-melt relations consistent with staging in the upper crust. Early explosive products are low-silica andesites (LSA, < 58 wt.% SiO2) that ascended from deeper crustal levels during or before the 6 months of precursory activity, but a broad subsequent succession to more evolved and cooler products, and predominantly effusive dome growth, are interpreted to result from progressive mobilization and mixing with differentiated magmas tapped from pre-2009 Redoubt intrusions at ~ 3–6 km depth. Initial explosions on March 23–28 ejected predominantly LSA with a uniform phenocryst assemblage of high-Al amphibole, ~ An70 plagioclase, ortho- and clinopyroxene, FeTi oxides (890 to 960 °C), and traces of magmatic sulfide. Melt in the dominant microlite-poor LSA was compositionally uniform dacite (67–68 wt.% SiO2) but ranged to rhyolite with greater microlite growth. Minor amounts of intermediate- to high-silica andesite (ISA, HSA; 59–62.5 wt.% SiO2) also erupted during the early explosions and most carried rhyolitic melt (72–74 wt.% SiO2). A lava dome grew following the initial tephra-producing events but was destroyed by an explosion on April 4. Ejecta from the April 4 explosion consists entirely of ISA and HSA, as does a subsequent lava dome that grew April 4–July 1; LSA was absent. Andesites from the April 4 event and from the final dome had pre-eruptive temperatures of 725–840 °C (FeTi oxides) and highly evolved matrix liquids (77–80 wt.% SiO2), including in rare microlite-free pyroclasts. ISA has mixed populations of phenocrysts suggesting it is a hybrid between HSA and LSA. The last lavas from the 2009 eruption, effused May 1–July 1, are distinctly depleted in P2O5, consistent with low temperatures and high degrees of crystallization including apatite.
Plagioclase–melt hygrometry and comparison to phase equilibrium experiments are consistent with pre-eruptive storage of all three magma types at 100–160 MPa (4–6 km depth), if they were close to H2O-saturation, coincident with the locus of shallow syn-eruptive seismicity. Deeper storage would be indicated if the magmas were CO2-rich. Relatively coarse-grained clinopyroxene-rich reaction rims on many LSA amphibole phenocrysts may result from slow ascent to, or storage at, depths shallow enough for the onset of appreciable H2O exsolution, consistent with pre-eruptive staging in the uppermost crust. We interpret that the 2009 LSA ascended from depth during the 8 or more months prior to the first eruption, but that the magma stalled and accumulated in the upper crust where its phenocryst rim and melt compositions were established. Ascent of LSA through stagnant mushy intrusions residual from earlier Redoubt activity mobilized differentiated magma pockets and interstitial liquids represented by HSA, and as LSA–HSA hybrids represented by ISA, that fed the subsequently erupted lava domes.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2012.01.002","usgsCitation":"Coombs, M.L., Sisson, T.W., Bleick, H.A., Henton, S.M., Nye, C.J., Payne, A., Cameron, C., Larsen, J., Wallace, K.L., and Bull, K.F., 2013, Andesites of the 2009 eruption of Redoubt Volcano, Alaska: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 259, p. 349-372, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2012.01.002.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"349","endPage":"372","ipdsId":"IP-034504","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":347930,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Redoubt Volcano","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -153.017578125,\n 60.38332636340014\n ],\n [\n -152.54379272460938,\n 60.38332636340014\n ],\n [\n -152.54379272460938,\n 60.604497655208455\n ],\n [\n -153.017578125,\n 60.604497655208455\n ],\n [\n -153.017578125,\n 60.38332636340014\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"259","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59f98bbde4b0531197afa03b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Coombs, Michelle L. 0000-0002-6002-6806 mcoombs@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6002-6806","contributorId":2809,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coombs","given":"Michelle","email":"mcoombs@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":718379,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sisson, Thomas W. 0000-0003-3380-6425 tsisson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3380-6425","contributorId":2341,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sisson","given":"Thomas","email":"tsisson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":718380,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bleick, Heather A. hbleick@usgs.gov","contributorId":2484,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bleick","given":"Heather","email":"hbleick@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":718378,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Henton, Sarah M.","contributorId":199172,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Henton","given":"Sarah","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":718786,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Nye, Christopher J.","contributorId":55418,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nye","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":121,"text":"Alaska Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":718787,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Payne, Allison","contributorId":168596,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Payne","given":"Allison","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":718788,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Cameron, Cheryl E.","contributorId":37421,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cameron","given":"Cheryl E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":718789,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Larsen, Jessica F.","contributorId":32149,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larsen","given":"Jessica F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":718790,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Wallace, Kristi L. 0000-0002-0962-048X kwallace@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0962-048X","contributorId":3454,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wallace","given":"Kristi","email":"kwallace@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":718791,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Bull, Katharine F.","contributorId":42692,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bull","given":"Katharine","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":718792,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":70193103,"text":"70193103 - 2013 - Laramide basin CSI: Comprehensive stratigraphic investigations of Paleogene sediments in the Colorado Headwaters Basin, north-central Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-15T11:06:49","indexId":"70193103","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Laramide basin CSI: Comprehensive stratigraphic investigations of Paleogene sediments in the Colorado Headwaters Basin, north-central Colorado","docAbstract":"The Paleogene sedimentary deposits of the Colorado Headwaters Basin provide a detailed proxy record of regional deformation and basin subsidence during the Laramide orogeny in north-central Colorado and southern Wyoming. This field trip presents extensive evidence from sedimentology, stratigraphy, structure, palynology, and isotope geochronology that shows a complex history that is markedly different from other Laramide synorogenic basins in the vicinity.
We show that the basin area was deformed by faulting and folding before, during, and after deposition of the Paleogene rocks. Internal unconformities have been identified that further reflect the interaction of deformation, subsidence, and sedimentation. Uplift of Proterozoic basement blocks that make up the surrounding mountain ranges today occurred late in basin history. Evidence is given to reinterpret the Independence Mountain uplift as the result of significant normal faulting (not thrusting), probably in middle Tertiary time.
While the Denver and Cheyenne Basins to the east were subsiding and accumulating sediment during Late Cretaceous time, the Colorado Headwaters Basin region was experiencing vertical uplift and erosion. At least 1200 m of the upper part of the marine Upper Cretaceous Pierre Shale was regionally removed, along with Fox Hills Sandstone shoreline deposits of the receding Interior Seaway as well as any Laramie Formation–type continental deposits. Subsidence did not begin in the Colorado Headwaters Basin until after 60.5 Ma, when coarse, chaotic, debris-flow deposits of the Paleocene Windy Gap Volcanic Member of the Middle Park Formation began to accumulate along the southern basin margin. These volcaniclastic conglomerate deposits were derived from local, mafic-alkalic volcanic sources (and transitory deposits in the drainage basin), and were rapidly transported into a deep lake system by sediment gravity currents. The southern part of the basin subsided rapidly (roughly 750–1000 m/m.y.) and the drainage system delivered increasing proportions of arkosic debris from uplifted Proterozoic basement and more intermediate-composition volcanic-porphyry materials from central Colorado sources.
Other margins of the Colorado Headwaters Basin subsided at slightly different times. Subsidence was preceded by variable amounts of gentle tilting and localized block-fault uplifts. The north-central part of the basin that was least-eroded in early Paleocene time was structurally inverted and became the locus of greatest subsidence during later Paleocene-Eocene time. Middle Paleocene coal-mires formed in the topographically lowest eastern part of the basin, but the basin center migrated to the western side by Eocene time when coal was deposited in the Coalmont district. In between, persistent lakes of variable depths characterized the central basin area, as evidenced by well-preserved deltaic facies.
Fault-fold deformation within the Colorado Headwaters Basin strongly affected the Paleocene fluvial-lacustrine deposits, as reflected in the steep limbs of anticline-syncline pairs within the McCallum fold belt and the steep margins of the Breccia Spoon syncline. Slivers of Proterozoic basement rock were also elevated on steep reverse faults in late Paleocene time along the Delaney Butte–Sheep Mountain–Boettcher Ridge structure. Eocene deposits, by and large, are only gently folded within the Colorado Headwaters Basin and thus reflect a change in deformation history.
The Paleogene deposits of the Colorado Headwaters Basin today represent only a fragment of the original extent of the depositional basin. Basal, coarse conglomerate deposits that suggest proximity to an active basin margin are relatively rare and are limited to the southern and northwestern margins of the relict basin. The northeastern margin of the preserved Paleogene section is conspicuously fine-grained, which indicates that any contemporaneous marginal uplift was far removed from the current extent of preserved fluvial-lacustrine sediments. The conspicuous basement uplifts of Proterozoic rock that flank the current relict Paleogene basin deposits are largely post-middle Eocene in age and are not associated with any Laramide synuplift fluvial deposits.
The east-west–trending Independence Mountain fault system that truncates the Colorado Headwaters Basin on the north with an uplifted Proterozoic basement block is reinterpreted in this report. Numerous prior analyses had concluded that the fault was a low-angle, south-directed Laramide thrust that overlapped the northern margin of the basin. We conclude instead that the fault is more likely a Neogene normal fault that truncates all prior structure and belongs to a family of sub-parallel west-northwest–trending normal faults that offset upper Oligocene-Miocene fluvial deposits of the Browns Park–North Park Formations.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Classic concepts and new directions: Exploring 125 years of GSA discoveries in the Rocky Mountain Region","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/2013.0033(04)","usgsCitation":"Dechesne, M., Cole, J.C., Trexler, J., Cashman, P., and Peterson, C.D., 2013, Laramide basin CSI: Comprehensive stratigraphic investigations of Paleogene sediments in the Colorado Headwaters Basin, north-central Colorado, chap. of Classic concepts and new directions: Exploring 125 years of GSA discoveries in the Rocky Mountain Region, v. 33, p. 139-163, https://doi.org/10.1130/2013.0033(04).","productDescription":"25 p.","startPage":"139","endPage":"163","ipdsId":"IP-046028","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":351652,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Colorado Headwaters Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -106.75,\n 39.75\n ],\n [\n -105,\n 39.75\n ],\n [\n -105,\n 41\n ],\n [\n -106.75,\n 41\n ],\n [\n -106.75,\n 39.75\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"33","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5afef06de4b0da30c1bfc7ea","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dechesne, Marieke 0000-0002-4468-7495 mdechesne@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4468-7495","contributorId":5036,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dechesne","given":"Marieke","email":"mdechesne@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":717990,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cole, James C. jimcole@usgs.gov","contributorId":1256,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cole","given":"James","email":"jimcole@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":717989,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Trexler, James H.","contributorId":199040,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Trexler","given":"James H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":717991,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cashman, Patricia","contributorId":199041,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cashman","given":"Patricia","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":717992,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Peterson, Christopher D","contributorId":199042,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Peterson","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"D","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":717993,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70041785,"text":"70041785 - 2013 - Mobile Bay","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-21T16:15:21.87051","indexId":"70041785","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"chapter":"K","title":"Mobile Bay","docAbstract":"Mobile Bay is the largest bay found in Alabama’s coastal area (Handley et al., 2007). It was named an Estuary of National Significance in 1995 under the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s (EPA) National Estuary Program (NEP), and its Comprehensive Conservation Management Plan was completed in 2002. Mobile Bay is 1,070 km2 (413 miles2) in area and 51 km (32 miles) long, making it the sixth largest estuary in the continental United States (Mobile Bay NEP, 2008). Its ecosystem provides habitat for more than 300 species of birds, 310 species of fish, 68 species of reptiles, 57 species of mammals, 40 species of amphibians, and 15 species of shrimp (Mobile Bay NEP, 1997). Mobile Bay lies between the Mississippi and Atlantic Flyways (Mobile Bay NEP, 2003). Commercial and residential development and industrial use is heavy in the Mobile Bay area. Although local growth and industrial markets support the Mobile Bay area economy, the resulting environmental damage to the very ecosystem upon which they depend remains a threat to the environment, economy, and population.
The Mobile Bay ecosystem boasts high biological diversity and productivity and supports many freshwater and saltwater species of recreational and commercial importance. The great diversity of Mobile Bay reflects the diversity of Alabama, which is home to the largest number of different plant and animal species of all states east of the Mississippi River (Stein, 2002), and is bolstered by the unique climate and geographic conditions surrounding the bay. Freshwater inflow from the Mobile-Tensaw River Delta, ranging from 60,000 to 3,700,000 gallons per second (Wallace, 1996), mixes with saltwater from the Gulf of Mexico, which enters Mobile Bay via wind and tides (Burgan and Engle, 2006). Because of the unique conditions surrounding Mobile Bay, including shallow waters, a dynamic climate, and artificial hydrologic modifications—such as the construction of the Mobile Bay Causeway in the 1920s, which serves as an unintentional barrier between Delta waters north of the Causeway and saline waters south of the Causeway, the salinity of Mobile Bay is highly variable. Mobile Bay receives an average of 165 cm (65 inches) of rain per year from tropical storms, summer thunderstorms, and winter cold fronts (Stout et al., 1998).
The climate and geography that have made Mobile Bay so rich in resources have also contributed to the threats surrounding its ecosystem. The extensive amount of rain in Mobile Bay creates large amounts of runoff, polluting the waters with fertilizers, chemicals, sediment, oil, trash, and sewage (Mobile Bay NEP, 1997). Tourism, ecotourism, recreational and commercial fishing, recreational boating, shipping, and chemical, pulp, and paper production are significant industries in Mobile Bay and the surrounding areas. Despite the approximate \\$3 billion and 55,000 jobs these industries bring into the community (Alabama Tourism Department, 2010), the growth, development, and environmental stress they create are major threats to the Mobile Bay ecosystem.
Among the nation’s states, Alabama ranks fifth in number of different species (144 endemic species), second in number of extinctions that have already occurred (90 extinct species) and fourth in number of species at risk for extinction (14.8% at risk out of 4,533 total species; Stein, 2002). Twenty-one of these threatened and endangered species are found in Mobile Bay, whose brackish waters provide a nursery area for many species of vertebrates and invertebrates. Some of these species include the Alabama sturgeon, Gulf sturgeon, heavy pigtoe mussel, inflated heel-splitter mussel, West Indian manatee, Alabama beach mouse, Perdido beach mouse, Alabama red-bellied turtle, gopher tortoise, Kemp’s ridley sea turtle, green sea turtle, loggerhead sea turtle, eastern indigo snake, flatwoods salamander, piping plover, red-cockaded woodpecker, and wood stork. Habitat loss underlies the decline of some bird species in Mobile Bay, and large mammals such as the red wolf, Florida panther, and Florida black bear are no longer found in the area. However, some rare species, such as the swallow-tailed kite, sandhill crane, and gopher tortoise can still be found (Duke and Kruczynski, 1992). The value of wetlands in Mobile Bay and the rest of the Gulf of Mexico is still being investigated. Although various monetary valuations of wetlands exist, critics remark that undervaluation of wetlands is inevitable (Mobile Bay NEP, 2008) and that estimates often do not place appropriate value on ecological services (Mitsch and Gosselink, 2000). Additionally, many estimates account only for anthropogenic values. One estimate concludes that one acre of wetlands performs \\$3,000 worth of water purification each year (Mobile Bay NEP, 1997). With more than 76,890 hectares (190,000 acres) of wetlands in the Mobile Bay area, that equates to a value exceeding one-half billion dollars every year. Tourism, fishing, boating, production, and shipping are significant industries in the Mobile Bay area. More than 90% of fish landed in recreational and commercial fishing in the bay depend on bay habitat, including wetlands, for life requirements (Mobile Bay NEP, 1997). The Port of Mobile is Alabama’s only ocean-ship port (Mobile Bay NEP, 2008). Baldwin County, on the eastern side of the bay, experienced a population increase of 75% from 1990 to 2007, with an 89% increase in housing units (Mobile Bay NEP, 2008). Development and industry support the Mobile Bay economy, but they depend on the continued health, sustainability, and production of the water and living resources of the Mobile Bay ecosystem. Wetland loss, along with other forms of environmental degradation, remains a threat to the Mobile Bay ecosystem and Mobile Bay’s socioeconomic foundation.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Emergent wetlands status and trends in the northern Gulf of Mexico: 1950-2010","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"conferenceTitle":"2013 Gulf of Mexico Alliance (GOMA) All Hands Meeting","conferenceDate":"June 25-27, 2013","conferenceLocation":"Tampa, FL","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","usgsCitation":"Handley, L.R., Spear, K.A., Jones, S., and Thatcher, C.A., 2013, Mobile Bay, 22 p.","productDescription":"22 p.","ipdsId":"IP-037809","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":344098,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":344097,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://gom.usgs.gov/web/Site/EmWetStatusTrends"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alabama","otherGeospatial":"Mobile Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -87.85,\n 30.5\n ],\n [\n -87.85,\n 30.9\n ],\n [\n -88.15,\n 30.9\n ],\n [\n -88.15,\n 30.7\n ],\n [\n -88.24,\n 30.7\n ],\n [\n -88.24,\n 30.3\n ],\n [\n -88.24,\n 30.25\n ],\n [\n -88.15,\n 30.25\n ],\n [\n -88.15,\n 30.1\n ],\n [\n -87.76,\n 30.1\n ],\n [\n -87.76,\n 30.5\n ],\n [\n -87.85,\n 30.5\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59706fdee4b0d1f9f065ab03","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Handley, Lawrence R. handleyl@usgs.gov","contributorId":3459,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Handley","given":"Lawrence","email":"handleyl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":743021,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Spear, Kathryn A. 0000-0001-8942-2856 speark@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8942-2856","contributorId":1949,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spear","given":"Kathryn","email":"speark@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":705778,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jones, Stephen","contributorId":118160,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"Stephen","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":705779,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Thatcher, Cindy A. 0000-0003-0331-071X thatcherc@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0331-071X","contributorId":2868,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thatcher","given":"Cindy","email":"thatcherc@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":242,"text":"Eastern Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":423,"text":"National Geospatial Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":705780,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70188395,"text":"70188395 - 2013 - Desert fires fueled by native annual forbs: Effects of fire on communities of plants and birds in the Lower Sonoran Desert of Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-07T15:25:03","indexId":"70188395","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3451,"text":"Southwestern Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Desert fires fueled by native annual forbs: Effects of fire on communities of plants and birds in the Lower Sonoran Desert of Arizona","docAbstract":"In 2005, fire ignited by humans swept from Yuma Proving Grounds into Kofa National Wildlife Refuge, Arizona, burning ca. 9,255 ha of Wilderness Area. Fuels were predominantly the native forb Plantago ovata. Large fires at low elevations were rare in the 19th and 20th centuries, and fires fueled by native vegetation are undocumented in the southwestern deserts. We estimated the area damaged by fire using Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index, which are more accurate and reduce subjectivity of aerial surveys of perimeters of fires. Assemblages of upland and xeroriparian plants lost 91 and 81% of live cover, respectively, in fires. The trees Olneya tesota and Cercidium had high amounts of top-kill. King Valley was an important xeroriparian corridor for birds. Species richness of birds decreased significantly following the fire. Numbers of breeding birds were lower in burned areas of King Valley 3 years post-fire, compared to numbers in nearby but unburned Alamo Wash. Although birds function within a large geographic scale, the extent of this burn still influenced the relative abundance of local species of breeding birds. This suggests that breeding birds respond to conditions of localized burns and slow recovery of vegetation contributes to continued lower numbers of birds in the burned sites in King Valley.
","language":"English","publisher":"Southwestern Association of Naturalists","doi":"10.1894/0038-4909-58.2.223","usgsCitation":"Esque, T., Webb, R., Wallace, C., van Riper, C., McCreedy, C., and Smythe, L.A., 2013, Desert fires fueled by native annual forbs: Effects of fire on communities of plants and birds in the Lower Sonoran Desert of Arizona: Southwestern Naturalist, v. 58, no. 2, p. 223-233, https://doi.org/10.1894/0038-4909-58.2.223.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"223","endPage":"233","ipdsId":"IP-020972","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":342273,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Lower Sonoran Desert","volume":"58","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"593910b5e4b0764e6c5e88ec","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Esque, Todd C. 0000-0002-4166-6234 tesque@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4166-6234","contributorId":168763,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Esque","given":"Todd C.","email":"tesque@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":697545,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Webb, Robert H. rhwebb@usgs.gov","contributorId":1573,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Webb","given":"Robert H.","email":"rhwebb@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":12625,"text":"School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":697546,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wallace, Cynthia S.A. cwallace@usgs.gov","contributorId":3335,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wallace","given":"Cynthia S.A.","email":"cwallace@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":697547,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"van Riper, Charles III 0000-0003-1084-5843 charles_van_riper@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1084-5843","contributorId":169488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"van Riper","given":"Charles","suffix":"III","email":"charles_van_riper@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":697543,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"McCreedy, Chris","contributorId":141217,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McCreedy","given":"Chris","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6624,"text":"University of Arizona, Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":697544,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Smythe, Lindsay A.","contributorId":141218,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Smythe","given":"Lindsay","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":6661,"text":"US Fish and Wildlife Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":697548,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70187039,"text":"70187039 - 2013 - Pre-eruptive magmatic conditions at Augustine Volcano, Alaska, 2006: Evidence from amphibole geochemistry and textures","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-19T15:49:15","indexId":"70187039","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2420,"text":"Journal of Petrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Pre-eruptive magmatic conditions at Augustine Volcano, Alaska, 2006: Evidence from amphibole geochemistry and textures","docAbstract":"Variations in the geochemistry and texture of amphibole phenocrysts erupted from Augustine Volcano in 2006 provide new insights into pre- and syn-eruptive magma storage and mixing. Amphiboles are rare but present in all magma compositions (low- to high-silica andesites) from the 3 month long eruption. Unzoned magnesiohornblende in the high- and low-silica andesites exhibit limited compositional variability, relatively high SiO2 (up to 49·7 wt %), and relatively low Al2O3 (< 11·1 wt %). Intermediate-silica andesites and quenched mafic enclaves contain amphiboles that vary in composition (e.g. SiO2 40·8–48·9 wt %, Al2O3 6·52–15·2 wt %) and classification (magnesiohornblende–magnesiohastingsite–tschermakite). Compositional variation in amphibole is primarily controlled by temperature-dependent substitutions. Both high- and low-silica andesites represent remnant magmas that were stored in the shallow crust at 4–8 km depth, remaining distinct owing to a complex subsurface plumbing system. Intermediate-silica andesites and quenched mafic inclusions represent pre-eruptive hybrids of resident high- and low-silica andesite magmas and an intruding basalt. Amphiboles in explosive phase high-silica andesites are largely euhedral and unreacted, consistent with the high magma flux rates from depth during this phase (up to 13 800 m3 s–1). Phenocrysts from the other lithologies have reaction rims that range from 1 to >1000 μm in thickness. Reaction rim microlite sizes correlate with reaction rim thicknesses. Reaction rims <50 μm thick contain microlites 1–10 μm in length whereas reaction rims >80 μm thick contain microlites 10–100 μm in length. Differentiating between heating- and decompression-induced amphibole reaction rim formation is problematic because of a lack of experimental constraints. We attempt a new approach to assessing reaction rim formation, based on a kinetic theory of crystal nucleation and growth, in which the differences in reaction rim textures represent different degrees of amphibole disequilibrium. Large crystals and low number densities suggest relatively lower levels of disequilibrium resulting in growth-dominated crystallization. Smaller crystals and larger number densities are indicative of higher nucleation rates and a high driving force.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1093/petrology/egt037","usgsCitation":"De Angelis, S., Larsen, J.D., and Coombs, M.L., 2013, Pre-eruptive magmatic conditions at Augustine Volcano, Alaska, 2006: Evidence from amphibole geochemistry and textures: Journal of Petrology, v. 54, no. 9, p. 1939-1961, https://doi.org/10.1093/petrology/egt037.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"1939","endPage":"1961","ipdsId":"IP-049353","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":339998,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Augustine Volcano","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -153.66302490234375,\n 59.279914277804906\n ],\n [\n -153.2537841796875,\n 59.279914277804906\n ],\n [\n -153.2537841796875,\n 59.44228245633653\n ],\n [\n -153.66302490234375,\n 59.44228245633653\n ],\n [\n -153.66302490234375,\n 59.279914277804906\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"54","issue":"9","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-07-12","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58f877c2e4b0b7ea54521c40","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"De Angelis, Sarah","contributorId":191167,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"De Angelis","given":"Sarah","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":692057,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Larsen, Jessica D","contributorId":156309,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Larsen","given":"Jessica","email":"","middleInitial":"D","affiliations":[{"id":6752,"text":"University of Alaska Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":692058,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Coombs, Michelle L. 0000-0002-6002-6806 mcoombs@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6002-6806","contributorId":2809,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coombs","given":"Michelle","email":"mcoombs@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":692056,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70184447,"text":"70184447 - 2013 - Riverine habitat dynamics","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-25T16:38:14","indexId":"70184447","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Riverine habitat dynamics","docAbstract":"The physical habitat template is a fundamental influence on riverine ecosystem structure and function. Habitat dynamics refers to the variation in habitat through space and time as the result of varying discharge and varying geomorphology. Habitat dynamics can be assessed at spatial scales ranging from the grain (the smallest resolution at which an organism relates to its environment) to the extent (the broadest resolution inclusive of all space occupied during its life cycle). In addition to a potentially broad range of spatial scales, assessments of habitat dynamics may include dynamics of both occupied and nonoccupied habitat patches because of process interactions among patches. Temporal aspects of riverine habitat dynamics can be categorized into hydrodynamics and morphodynamics. Hydrodynamics refers to habitat variation that results from changes in discharge in the absence of significant change of channel morphology and at generally low sediment-transport rates. Hydrodynamic assessments are useful in cases of relatively high flow exceedance (percent of time a flow is equaled or exceeded) or high critical shear stress, conditions that are applicable in many studies of instream flows. Morphodynamics refers to habitat variation resulting from changes to substrate conditions or channel/floodplain morphology. Morphodynamic assessments are necessary when channel and floodplain boundary conditions have been significantly changed, generally by relatively rare flood events or in rivers with low critical shear stress. Morphodynamic habitat variation can be particularly important as disturbance mechanisms that mediate population growth or for providing conditions needed for reproduction, such as channel-migration events that erode cutbanks and provide new pointbar surfaces for germination of riparian trees. Understanding of habitat dynamics is increasing in importance as societal goals shift toward restoration of riverine ecosystems. Effective investment in restoration strategies requires that the role of physical habitat is correctly diagnosed and that restoration activities address true habitat limitations, including the role of dynamic habitats.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Treatise on geomorphology, Vol. 12","doi":"10.1016/B978-0-12-374739-6.00318-3","usgsCitation":"Jacobson, R., 2013, Riverine habitat dynamics, v. 12, p. 6-19, https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-374739-6.00318-3.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"6","endPage":"19","ipdsId":"IP-019343","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337153,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58c277dde4b014cc3a3e76dd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jacobson, R. B. 0000-0002-8368-2064","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8368-2064","contributorId":92614,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jacobson","given":"R. B.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":681534,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70189522,"text":"70189522 - 2013 - Report A: Fish distribution and population dynamics in Rock Creek, Klickitat County, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-17T11:38:44","indexId":"70189522","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"title":"Report A: Fish distribution and population dynamics in Rock Creek, Klickitat County, Washington","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey collaborated with the Yakama Nation starting in fall of 2009 to study the fish populations in Rock Creek, a Washington State tributary of the Columbia River 21 kilometers upstream of John Day Dam. Prior to this study, very little was known about the ESA-listed (threatened) Mid-Columbia River steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) population in this arid watershed with intermittent stream flow. The objectives of the study were to quantify fish habitat, document fish distribution, abundance, and movement, and identify areas of high salmonid productivity. To accomplish these objectives, we electrofished in the spring and fall, documenting the distribution and relative abundance of all fish species to evaluate the influence of biotic factors on salmonid productivity and survival. We surveyed the distribution of perennial pools and established a network of automated temperature recording devices from river kilometer (rkm) 2 to 23 in Rock Creek and rkm 0 to 8 in Squaw Creek, a major tributary entering Rock Creek at rkm 13, to better understand the abiotic factors influencing the salmonid populations. Salmonid abundance estimates were conducted using a mark-recapture method in a systematic subsample of the perennial pools. The proportion and timing of salmonids migrating from these pools were assessed by building, installing, and operating two passive integrated transponder (PIT) tag interrogation systems at rkm 5 and at the confluence with Squaw Creek (rkm 13). From fall 2009 to fall 2012, we PIT-tagged 3,088 O. mykiss and 151 coho salmon (O. kisutch) during electrofishing efforts. In the lowest flow periods of 2010 to 2012, we found that an average of 36% of the surveyed streambed length was dry, and 17% remained as perennial pools. The maximum temperature recorded in those pools was 24.4°C, but most pools had a maximum temperature that was less than 21°C. O. mykiss were present in most pools, and non-native fish species, such as smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieu), were typically found downstream of rkm 5. Coho salmon were present in nearly every pool that was sampled in 2011, but were rare in 2009, 2010, and 2012. About 27% of the PIT-tagged O. mykiss and 38% of the PIT-tagged coho were detected outmigrating to the Columbia River. Of those fish, 92% (n=695) were detected leaving Rock Creek as smolts in April and May. As of November 2013, 9 O. mykiss and 4 coho that we tagged in Rock Creek as juveniles have returned as adults to Bonneville Dam. Also, an additional 34 PIT-tagged adult steelhead, and 6 PIT-tagged coho that were tagged by other groups have been detected in Rock Creek, of which, 22 were of known origin (tagged as juveniles). Of these, 85% were tagged or released in the Snake River. The PIT-tag interrogation systems will be operated for several more years to allow time for the fish tagged as juveniles to return as adults and complete their life cycles. The Yakama Nation will use the information collected from this study to prioritize and gauge the effectiveness of ongoing and future restoration actions.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Rock Creek fish and habitat assessment for prioritization of restoration and protection actions","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"language":"English","publisher":"Bonneville Power Administration","usgsCitation":"Allen, B., Munz, C.S., and Harvey, E., 2013, Report A: Fish distribution and population dynamics in Rock Creek, Klickitat County, Washington, 78 p.","productDescription":"78 p.","startPage":"A1","endPage":"A78","ipdsId":"IP-053715","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":343942,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":343867,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index 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host density. 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The landscape covariates % deciduous forest cover and forest edge density also were positively associated with infection rates, but soil clay content had no measurable influences on CWD transmission. Lack of strong density-dependent transmission rates indicates that controlling CWD by reducing deer density will be difficult. The consequences of non-linear disease transmission and aggregation of disease on cervid populations deserves further consideration.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1890/ES12-00141.1","usgsCitation":"Samuel, M.D., Richards, B.J., Storm, D.J., Rolley, R.E., Shelton, P., Keuler, N.S., and Timothy R. 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We combined avian survey data collected from three studies spanning a 16-year period on a small island with a minimal human presence in the British Virgin Islands. Although abundances varied among surveys, the same species were detected with rare exceptions. Despite stability in species composition, the resident landbirds were variable in their individual detectabilities. Survey detections relatively mirrored net captures for some species, but are quite different for others. We suspect that this is likely due to differences in detectability due to species-specific behaviors mediated by environmental conditions, such as rainfall, during the month or months prior to our surveys. It is difficult to assess the influence of timing or amount of precipitation on bird detections rates among our surveys due to a lack of consistent collection of location-specific weather data in the British Virgin Islands. 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","language":"English","publisher":"Neotropical Ornithological Society","usgsCitation":"Boal, C.W., Wunderle, J.M., and Arendt, W.J., 2013, Autumn monitoring of resident avifauna on Guana Island, British Virgin Islands: Ornitologia Neotropical, v. 24, no. 3, p. 335-343.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"335","endPage":"343","ipdsId":"IP-053415","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":330323,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":330322,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://sora.unm.edu/node/133379"}],"volume":"24","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5810cb41e4b0f497e79749de","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Boal, Clint W. 0000-0001-6008-8911 cboal@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6008-8911","contributorId":1909,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boal","given":"Clint","email":"cboal@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":651825,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wunderle, Joseph M. Jr.","contributorId":25653,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wunderle","given":"Joseph","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":651828,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Arendt, Wayne J.","contributorId":176182,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Arendt","given":"Wayne","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":651829,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70124924,"text":"70124924 - 2013 - Post-release survival of surf scoters following an oil spill: an experimental approach to evaluating rehabilitation success","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-20T13:58:32.699946","indexId":"70124924","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-25T08:50:43","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2676,"text":"Marine Pollution Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Post-release survival of surf scoters following an oil spill: an experimental approach to evaluating rehabilitation success","docAbstract":"Birds are often the most numerous vertebrates damaged and rehabilitated in marine oil spills; however, the efficacy of avian rehabilitation is frequently debated and rarely examined experimentally. We compared survival of three radio-marked treatment groups, oiled, rehabilitated (ORHB), un-oiled, rehabilitated (RHB), and un-oiled, non-rehabilitated (CON), in an experimental approach to examine post-release survival of surf scoters (Melanitta perspicillata) following the 2007 M/V Cosco Busan spill in San Francisco Bay. Live encounter-dead recovery modeling indicated that survival differed among treatment groups and over time since release. The survival estimate (±SE) for ORHB was 0.143 ± 0.107 compared to CON (0.498 ± 0.168) and RHB groups (0.772 ± 0.229), suggesting scoters tolerated the rehabilitation process itself well, but oiling resulted in markedly lower survival. Future efforts to understand the physiological effects of oil type and severity on scoters are needed to improve post-release survival of this species.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.marpolbul.2012.11.027","usgsCitation":"De La Cruz, S.E., Takekawa, J.Y., Spragens, K., Yee, J., Golightly, R.T., Massey, G., Henkel, L.A., Larsen, S., and Ziccardi, M., 2013, Post-release survival of surf scoters following an oil spill: an experimental approach to evaluating rehabilitation success: Marine Pollution Bulletin, v. 67, no. 1-2, p. 100-106, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2012.11.027.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"100","endPage":"106","numberOfPages":"6","ipdsId":"IP-039784","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":293819,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.522833,37.445189 ], [ -122.522833,38.144192 ], [ -122.036897,38.144192 ], [ -122.036897,37.445189 ], [ -122.522833,37.445189 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"67","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54140b24e4b082fed288b944","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"De La Cruz, Susan E. 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This Proterozoic block is generally composed of a complex of 1.7 - 1.6 Ga gneisses and schists that are intruded by ~1.4 Ga carbonatite and ultrapotassic mafic dikes. In the latter suite, common intrusive rock types include shonkinite, syenite, and alkali granites that are associated with carbonatite dikes. Regional geophysical data reveal that the carbonatite deposit itself occurs along the northeast edge of a prominent magnetic high with an amplitude of 200 nanoteslas, which appears to be related to the surrounding Proterozoic block. More than 340 gravity stations and 155 physical property samples were collected to augment existing geophysical data to determine the geophysical and geologic setting of the eastern Mojave Desert carbonatite terrane. Physical properties of representative rock types in the area show that 23 samples of carbonatite ore have an average saturated bulk density of 2,866 with a range of 2,440 to 3,192 kg/m3 and a magnetic susceptibility of 0.22 with a range of 0.03 to 0.61x 10-3 SI units, 17 samples of syenite have an average saturated bulk density of 2,670 with a range of 2,555 to 2,788 kg/m3 and a magnetic susceptibility of 3.50 with a range of 0.19 to 11.46 x 10-3 SI units, 19 samples of shonkinite dike have an average saturated bulk density of 2,800 with a range of 2,603 to 3,000 kg/m3 and a magnetic susceptibility of 0.71 with a range of 0.00 to 4.44 x 10-3 SI units, and 28 samples of Proterozoic gneiss have an average saturated bulk density of 2,734 with a range of 2,574 to 3,086 kg/m3 and a magnetic susceptibility of 1.23 with a range of 0.01 to 7.48 x 10-3 SI units. In general, carbonatites have distinctive gravity, magnetic, and radiometric signatures because these deposits are relatively dense, have primary magnetite, and are enriched in thorium or uranium. In this case, because the carbonatite rocks in this Proterozoic terrane are themselves essentially nonmagnetic, they are not the source of the magnetic high associated with the Clark Mountain and Mescal Ranges. Instead, we suggest that weakly to moderately magnetic syenite intrusions or other granitic or metamorphic rocks in the region are the source of the magnetic high. Gravity data indicate that basins within the eastern Mojave carbonatite terrane are complicated. For example, a gravity high in the northern part of Ivanapah Valley suggest that the basin is underlain by shallow basement rocks, whereas the southern part of Ivanpah Valley extends to a depth of about 2 km. Combined gravity, magnetic, and geologic studies improve the current geophysical framework and structural interpretation of the eastern Mojave Desert carbonatite terrane.
","conferenceTitle":"American Geophysical Union 45th Annual Fall Meeting","conferenceDate":"December 12, 2012","conferenceLocation":"San Francisco, CA","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","usgsCitation":"Ponce, D.A., Denton, K.M., and Miller, D., 2013, Regional geophysical expression of a carbonatite terrane in the eastern Mojave Desert, California.","ipdsId":"IP-051611","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":289415,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Mojave Desert","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -117.9789,34.1607 ], [ -117.9789,37.5219 ], [ -114.7254,37.5219 ], [ -114.7254,34.1607 ], [ -117.9789,34.1607 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53b67b7fe4b014fc094d5471","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ponce, David A. 0000-0003-4785-7354 ponce@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4785-7354","contributorId":1049,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ponce","given":"David","email":"ponce@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":486548,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Denton, Kevin M. 0000-0001-9604-4021 kmdenton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9604-4021","contributorId":5303,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Denton","given":"Kevin","email":"kmdenton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":486550,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Miller, David M. 0000-0003-3711-0441 dmiller@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3711-0441","contributorId":1707,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"David M.","email":"dmiller@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":486549,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70041097,"text":"70041097 - 2013 - Lower-crustal xenoliths from Jurassic kimberlite diatremes, upper Michigan (USA): Evidence for Proterozoic orogenesis and plume magmatism in the lower crust of the southern Superior Province","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-04T20:33:10","indexId":"70041097","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2420,"text":"Journal of Petrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Lower-crustal xenoliths from Jurassic kimberlite diatremes, upper Michigan (USA): Evidence for Proterozoic orogenesis and plume magmatism in the lower crust of the southern Superior Province","docAbstract":"Jurassic kimberlites in the southern Superior Province in northern Michigan contain a variety of possible lower-crustal xenoliths, including mafic garnet granulites, rare garnet-free granulites, amphibolites and eclogites. Whole-rock major-element data for the granulites suggest affinities with tholeiitic basalts. P–T estimates for granulites indicate peak temperatures of 690–730°C and pressures of 9–12 kbar, consistent with seismic estimates of crustal thickness in the region. The granulites can be divided into two groups based on trace-element characteristics. Group 1 granulites have trace-element signatures similar to average Archean lower crust; they are light rare earth element (LREE)-enriched, with high La/Nb ratios and positive Pb anomalies. Most plot to the left of the geochron on a 206Pb/€204Pb vs 207Pb/€204Pb diagram, and there was probably widespread incorporation of Proterozoic to Archean components into the magmatic protoliths of these rocks. Although the age of the Group 1 granulites is not well constrained, their protoliths appear to be have been emplaced during the Mesoproterozoic and to be older than those for Group 2 granulites. Group 2 granulites are also LREE-enriched, but have strong positive Nb and Ta anomalies and low La/Nb ratios, suggesting intraplate magmatic affinities. They have trace-element characteristics similar to those of some Mid-Continent Rift (Keweenawan) basalts. They yield a Sm–Nd whole-rock errorchron age of 1046 ± 140 Ma, similar to that of Mid-Continent Rift plume magmatism. These granulites have unusually radiogenic Pb isotope compositions that plot above the 207Pb/€204Pb vs 206Pb/€204Pb growth curve and to the right of the 4·55 Ga geochron, and closely resemble the Pb isotope array defined by Mid-Continent Rift basalts. These Pb isotope data indicate that ancient continental lower crust is not uniformly depleted in U (and Th) relative to Pb. One granulite xenolith, S69-5, contains quartz, and has a unique peraluminous composition. It has the lowest εNd and εHf values of the suite. Its isotopic compositions indicate that it is significantly older than the other granulites. Broken zircon cores encased by younger overgrowths suggest that this granulite includes a large component of pre-existing sedimentary rocks. Two distinct populations of zircons from S69-5 were dated by sensitive high-resolution ion microprobe. Abundant rounded zircons yield ages of 1104 ± 42 (2σ) Ma, which coincide with the Mid-Continent Rift flood basalt eruptions. Their morphology is similar to those found in lower-crustal rocks that have undergone granulite-facies metamorphism and thus they are considered to represent the age of Group 2 granulites. Also present are less abundant elongate zircon grains that yield a mean age of 1387 ± 32 (2σ) Ma. Their elongate shapes indicate growth from a melt or fluid, possibly associated with 1·3–1·5 Ga anorogenic granite magmatism exposed in the shallow crust to the south in Wisconsin, or related to an initial encroachment of the Keweenawan plume upon the lower crust. Older ages recognized in zircon cores are less well constrained but may be related to tectono-magmatic events in the southern Superior craton. Within the studied suite only S69-5 was recognized as a remnant of the Late Archean lower crust into which the Group 1 and 2 mafic granulite precursor basalts were intruded. Collectively, the data show that the lower crust beneath northern Michigan formed in Archean times and underwent a variety of tectono-magmatic processes throughout the Proterozoic, including orogenesis, partial melting and mafic magmatic underplating in response to upwelling mantle plumes.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Petrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Journals","publisherLocation":"Oxford, U.K.","doi":"10.1093/petrology/egs079","usgsCitation":"Zartman, R.E., Kempton, P.D., Paces, J.B., Downes, H., Williams, I.S., Dobosi, G., and Futa, K., 2013, Lower-crustal xenoliths from Jurassic kimberlite diatremes, upper Michigan (USA): Evidence for Proterozoic orogenesis and plume magmatism in the lower crust of the southern Superior Province: Journal of Petrology, v. 54, no. 3, p. 575-608, https://doi.org/10.1093/petrology/egs079.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"575","endPage":"608","ipdsId":"IP-040583","costCenters":[{"id":308,"text":"Geology and Environmental Change Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474062,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/petrology/egs079","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":263561,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":263560,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/petrology/egs079"}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -90.42,41.7 ], [ -90.42,48.29 ], [ -82.41,48.29 ], [ -82.41,41.7 ], [ -90.42,41.7 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"54","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-11-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50dfa812e4b0dfbe79e6e4a3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zartman, Robert E.","contributorId":47356,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zartman","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469428,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kempton, Pamela D.","contributorId":80994,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kempton","given":"Pamela","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469430,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Paces, James B. 0000-0002-9809-8493 jbpaces@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9809-8493","contributorId":2514,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paces","given":"James","email":"jbpaces@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":469425,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Downes, Hilary","contributorId":13508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Downes","given":"Hilary","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469426,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Williams, Ian S.","contributorId":77439,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"Ian","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469429,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Dobosi, Gabor","contributorId":47264,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dobosi","given":"Gabor","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469427,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Futa, Kiyoto 0000-0001-8649-7510 kfuta@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8649-7510","contributorId":619,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Futa","given":"Kiyoto","email":"kfuta@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":469424,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70148267,"text":"70148267 - 2013 - Small-scale turbidity currents in a big submarine canyon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-05-27T11:03:10","indexId":"70148267","displayToPublicDate":"2012-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3877,"text":"Geology Today","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Small-scale turbidity currents in a big submarine canyon","docAbstract":"Field measurements of oceanic turbidity currents, especially diluted currents, are extremely rare. We present a dilute turbidity current recorded by instrumented moorings 14.5 km apart at 1300 and 1860 m water depth. The sediment concentration within the flow was 0.017%, accounting for 18 cm/s gravity current speed due to density excess. Tidal currents of ∼30 cm/s during the event provided a \"tailwind\" that assisted the down-canyon movement of the turbidity current and its sediment plume. High-resolution velocity measurements suggested that the turbidity current was likely the result of a local canyon wall slumping near the 1300 m mooring. Frequent occurrences, in both space and time, of such weak sediment transport events could be an important mechanism to cascade sediment and other particles, and to help sustain the vibrant ecosystems in deep-sea canyons.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/G33727.1","usgsCitation":"Xu, J., Barry, J., and Paull, C.K., 2013, Small-scale turbidity currents in a big submarine canyon: Geology Today, v. 41, no. 2, p. 143-146, https://doi.org/10.1130/G33727.1.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"143","endPage":"146","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-040717","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":300848,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"41","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5566eae3e4b0d9246a9ec300","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Xu, Jingping jpx@usgs.gov","contributorId":2574,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Xu","given":"Jingping","email":"jpx@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":547632,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barry, James P.","contributorId":140935,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Barry","given":"James P.","affiliations":[{"id":13620,"text":"Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute, Moss Landing, California","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":547634,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Paull, Charles K. 0000-0001-5940-3443","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5940-3443","contributorId":55825,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Paull","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":7043,"text":"University of North Carolina","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":true,"id":547633,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70038917,"text":"70038917 - 2013 - Coarse-scale movement patterns of a small-bodied fish inhabiting a desert stream","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-07T18:19:20","indexId":"70038917","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-06T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2299,"text":"Journal of Freshwater Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Coarse-scale movement patterns of a small-bodied fish inhabiting a desert stream","docAbstract":"Located on the floor of Death Valley (CA, USA), Salt Creek harbors a single fish species, the Salt Creek pupfish, Cyprinodon salinus salinus, which has adapted to this extremely harsh environment. Salt Creek is fed by an underground spring and is comprised of numerous pools, runs, and marshes that exhibit substantial variability in temperature, salinity, and dissolved oxygen concentrations. In addition, the wetted area of Salt Creek is reduced throughout the summer months due to high rates of evaporation, with some reaches drying completely. Therefore, it seems logical that short- and long-term movement patterns may play an important role in Salt Creek pupfish population dynamics. The objective of this study was to describe coarse-scale movements of Salt Creek pupfish in Salt Creek during their breeding season from March to May. Sex ratios and length–frequency distributions varied spatially within Salt Creek, suggesting population segregation during the breeding season. Long-distance movements were generally rare, although two fish moved more than 1.2 km. Movement in upstream reaches was rare or absent, in contrast to the greater movement observed in downstream reaches (29% of recaptures). Temporal trends and demographic patterns in movement were not observed. Because the two most downstream habitats dry up in the summer, our results indicate that coarse-scale movements that re-populate downstream reaches likely occur during other times of year. Consequently, the importance of small- and large-scale movements is influenced by season. Further assessment of Salt Creek movement patterns conducted during other times of year may better illuminate long-distance movement patterns and source-sink dynamics.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Freshwater Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","publisherLocation":"Philadelphia, PA","doi":"10.1080/02705060.2012.718250","usgsCitation":"Dzul, M., Quist, M., Dinsmore, S., Gaines, D., and Bower, M., 2013, Coarse-scale movement patterns of a small-bodied fish inhabiting a desert stream: Journal of Freshwater Ecology, v. 28, no. 1, p. 27-38, https://doi.org/10.1080/02705060.2012.718250.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"27","endPage":"38","costCenters":[{"id":342,"text":"Idaho Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":262431,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":262430,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02705060.2012.718250"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Death Valley;Salt Creek","volume":"28","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50788c2ee4b0cfc2d59f5a13","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dzul, M.C.","contributorId":48839,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dzul","given":"M.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":465231,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Quist, M.C. 0000-0001-8268-1839","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8268-1839","contributorId":62805,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Quist","given":"M.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":465232,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dinsmore, S.J.","contributorId":85114,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dinsmore","given":"S.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":465233,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gaines, D.B.","contributorId":96166,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gaines","given":"D.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":465234,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bower, M.R.","contributorId":14094,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bower","given":"M.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":465230,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70045164,"text":"70045164 - 2012 - The 2011 Virginia earthquake: what are scientists learning?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-08-05T10:23:39","indexId":"70045164","displayToPublicDate":"2013-08-05T10:16:19","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1578,"text":"Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union","onlineIssn":"2324-9250","printIssn":"0096-394","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The 2011 Virginia earthquake: what are scientists learning?","docAbstract":"Nearly 1 year ago, on 23 August, tens of millions of people in the eastern United States and southeastern Canada were startled in the middle of their workday (1:51 P.M. local time) by the sudden onset of moderate to strong ground shaking from a rare magnitude (M) 5.8 earthquake in central Virginia. Treating the shaking as if it were a fire drill, millions of workers in Washington, D. C., New York City, and other eastern cities hurriedly exited their buildings, exposing themselves to potentially greater danger from falling bricks and glass; “drop, cover, and hold” would have been a better response. Fortunately, the strong shaking stopped after about 5 seconds and did not cause widespread severe damage or serious injuries.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2012EO330001","usgsCitation":"Horton, J., and Williams, R., 2012, The 2011 Virginia earthquake: what are scientists learning?: Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, v. 93, no. 33, p. 317-318, https://doi.org/10.1029/2012EO330001.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"317","endPage":"318","ipdsId":"IP-039193","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474087,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2012eo330001","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":276002,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":276001,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2012EO330001"}],"country":"United States","state":"Virginia","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -83.6754,36.5408 ], [ -83.6754,39.466 ], [ -75.2422,39.466 ], [ -75.2422,36.5408 ], [ -83.6754,36.5408 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"93","issue":"33","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-08-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5200bb5ae4b009d47a4c2345","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Horton, J. Wright Jr. 0000-0001-6756-6365 whorton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6756-6365","contributorId":423,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Horton","given":"J. Wright","suffix":"Jr.","email":"whorton@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":476983,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Williams, Robert A. rawilliams@usgs.gov","contributorId":1357,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"Robert A.","email":"rawilliams@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":301,"text":"Geologic Hazards Team","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":476984,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70118346,"text":"70118346 - 2012 - Peralkaline- and calc-alkaline-hosted volcanogenic massive sulfide deposits of the Bonnifield District, East-Central Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-23T12:07:12","indexId":"70118346","displayToPublicDate":"2013-07-28T14:28:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Peralkaline- and calc-alkaline-hosted volcanogenic massive sulfide deposits of the Bonnifield District, East-Central Alaska","docAbstract":"Volcanogenic massive sulfide (VMS) Zn-Pb-Cu-Ag-Au deposits of the Bonnifield mining district formed during Late Devonian-Early Mississippian magmatism along the western edge of Laurentia. The largest deposits, Dry Creek and WTF, have a combined resource of 5.7 million tonnes at 10% Zn, 4% Pb, 0.3% Cu, 300 grams per tonne (g/t) Ag, and 1.6 g/t Au. These polymetallic deposits are hosted in high field strength element (HFSE)- and rare-earth element (REE)-rich peralkaline (pantelleritic) metarhyolite, and interlayered pyritic argillite and mudstone of the Mystic Creek Member of the Totatlanika Schist Formation. Mystic Creek metarhyolite and alkali basalt (Chute Creek Member) constitute a bimodal pair that formed in an extensional environment. A synvolcanic peralkaline quartz porphyry containing veins of fluorite, sphalerite, pyrite, and quartz intrudes the central footwall at Dry Creek. The Anderson Mountain deposit, located ~32 km to the southwest, occurs within calc-alkaline felsic to intermediate-composition metavolcanic rocks and associated graphitic argillite of the Wood River assemblage. Felsic metavolcanic rocks there have only slightly elevated HFSEs and REEs. The association of abundant graphitic and siliceous argillite with the felsic volcanic rocks together with low Cu contents in the Bonnifield deposits suggests classification as a siliciclastic-felsic type of VMS deposit.
Bonnifield massive sulfides and host rocks were metamorphosed and deformed under greenschist-facies conditions in the Mesozoic. Primary depositional textures, generally uncommon, consist of framboids, framboidal aggregates, and spongy masses of pyrite. Sphalerite, the predominant base metal sulfide, encloses early pyrite framboids. Galena and chalcopyrite accompanied early pyrite formation but primarily formed late in the paragenetic sequence. Silver-rich tetrahedrite is a minor late phase at the Dry Creek deposit. Gold and Ag are present in low to moderate amounts in pyrite from all of the deposits; electrum inclusions occur in Dry Creek sphalerite. Contents and ratios of trace elements in graphitic argillite that serve as proxies for the redox state of the bottom waters in the basin indicate that Dry Creek mineralization took place in suboxic to periodically anoxic bottom waters. Trace element data show higher contents of Tl-Mn-As in pyrite from the Anderson Mountain deposit compared to the Dry Creek or WTF deposits and thus suggest that Anderson Mountain may have formed at lower temperatures or under slightly more oxidizing conditions.
No exact modern analogue for the tectonic setting of the Bonnifield VMS deposits is known, although the back-arc regions of the Okinawa Trough and Woodlark Basin satisfy the requirement for a submarine, extensional setting adjacent to a continental margin. Limited occurrences of peralkaline volcanic rocks occur in these two potential analogues, but the peralkalinity of those rocks is much less than that of the Mystic Creek Member metarhyolites in the Bonnifield district. The highly elevated trace element (e.g., Zr, Nb) contents of Mystic Creek metarhyolites suggest that a better analogue may be a submarine rifted continental margin. The calc-alkaline composition of the host rocks to the Anderson Mountain deposit suggests that mineralization there formed in a continental margin arc, outboard of the extended continental margin setting of the peralkaline-hosted Dry Creek and WTF deposits.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/econgeo.107.7.1403","usgsCitation":"Dusel-Bacon, C., Foley, N.K., Slack, J.E., Koenig, A.E., and Oscarson, R.L., 2012, Peralkaline- and calc-alkaline-hosted volcanogenic massive sulfide deposits of the Bonnifield District, East-Central Alaska: Economic Geology, v. 107, no. 7, p. 1403-1432, https://doi.org/10.2113/econgeo.107.7.1403.","productDescription":"30 p.","startPage":"1403","endPage":"1432","costCenters":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":291192,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":291191,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2113/econgeo.107.7.1403"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Bonnifield District","volume":"107","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-10-12","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7f3c1e4b0bc0bec0a0b77","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dusel-Bacon, Cynthia 0000-0001-8481-739X cdusel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8481-739X","contributorId":2797,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dusel-Bacon","given":"Cynthia","email":"cdusel@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":496798,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Foley, Nora K. 0000-0003-0124-3509 nfoley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0124-3509","contributorId":4010,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foley","given":"Nora","email":"nfoley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":496800,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Slack, John E.","contributorId":65774,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Slack","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496801,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Koenig, Alan E. 0000-0002-5230-0924 akoenig@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5230-0924","contributorId":1564,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koenig","given":"Alan","email":"akoenig@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":496797,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Oscarson, Robert L. roscarson@usgs.gov","contributorId":3390,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oscarson","given":"Robert","email":"roscarson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":496799,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70118101,"text":"70118101 - 2012 - Very high-temperature impact melt products as evidence for cosmic airbursts and impacts 12,900 years ago","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-25T15:03:34","indexId":"70118101","displayToPublicDate":"2013-07-25T14:57:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3165,"text":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Very high-temperature impact melt products as evidence for cosmic airbursts and impacts 12,900 years ago","docAbstract":"It has been proposed that fragments of an asteroid or comet impacted Earth, deposited silica-and iron-rich microspherules and other proxies across several continents, and triggered the Younger Dryas cooling episode 12,900 years ago. Although many independent groups have confirmed the impact evidence, the hypothesis remains controversial because some groups have failed to do so. We examined sediment sequences from 18 dated Younger Dryas boundary (YDB) sites across three continents (North America, Europe, and Asia), spanning 12,000 km around nearly one-third of the planet. All sites display abundant microspherules in the YDB with none or few above and below. In addition, three sites (Abu Hureyra, Syria; Melrose, Pennsylvania; and Blackville, South Carolina) display vesicular, high-temperature, siliceous scoria-like objects, or SLOs, that match the spherules geochemically. We compared YDB objects with melt products from a known cosmic impact (Meteor Crater, Arizona) and from the 1945 Trinity nuclear airburst in Socorro, New Mexico, and found that all of these high-energy events produced material that is geochemically and morphologically comparable, including: (i) high-temperature, rapidly quenched microspherules and SLOs; (ii) corundum, mullite, and suessite (Fe3,/sup>Si), a rare meteoritic mineral that forms under high temperatures; (iii) melted SiO2 glass, or lechatelierite, with flow textures (or schlieren) that form at > 2,200 °C; and (iv) particles with features indicative of high-energy interparticle collisions. These results are inconsistent with anthropogenic, volcanic, authigenic, and cosmic materials, yet consistent with cosmic ejecta, supporting the hypothesis of extraterrestrial airbursts/impacts 12,900 years ago. The wide geographic distribution of SLOs is consistent with multiple impactors.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1073/pnas.1204453109","usgsCitation":"Bunch, T.E., Hermes, R.E., Moore, A., Kennett, D.J., Weaver, J., Wittke, J.H., DeCarli, P.S., Bischoff, J.L., Hillman, G.C., Howard, G.A., Kimbel, D.R., Kletetschka, G., Lipo, C.P., Sakai, S., Revay, Z., West, A., Firestone, R., and Kennett, J.P., 2012, Very high-temperature impact melt products as evidence for cosmic airbursts and impacts 12,900 years ago: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, v. 109, no. 28, p. E1903-E1912, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1204453109.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"E1903","endPage":"E1912","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":474093,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1204453109","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":291033,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":291032,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1204453109"}],"otherGeospatial":"Asia;Europe;North America","volume":"109","issue":"28","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-06-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7f3c2e4b0bc0bec0a0b8f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bunch, Ted E.","contributorId":101197,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bunch","given":"Ted","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496305,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hermes, Robert E.","contributorId":71901,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hermes","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496302,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Moore, Andrew","contributorId":101573,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"Andrew","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496306,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kennett, Douglas J.","contributorId":106024,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kennett","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496307,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Weaver, James C.","contributorId":14308,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weaver","given":"James C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496293,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Wittke, James H.","contributorId":73928,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wittke","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496303,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"DeCarli, Paul S.","contributorId":48111,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeCarli","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496295,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Bischoff, James L. jbischoff@usgs.gov","contributorId":1389,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bischoff","given":"James","email":"jbischoff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":496290,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Hillman, Gordon C.","contributorId":56164,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hillman","given":"Gordon","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496298,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Howard, George A.","contributorId":70302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Howard","given":"George","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496300,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Kimbel, David R.","contributorId":17542,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kimbel","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496294,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Kletetschka, Gunther","contributorId":9978,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kletetschka","given":"Gunther","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496292,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Lipo, Carl P.","contributorId":78257,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lipo","given":"Carl","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496304,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Sakai, Sachiko","contributorId":71488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sakai","given":"Sachiko","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496301,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Revay, Zsolt","contributorId":7202,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Revay","given":"Zsolt","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496291,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"West, Allen","contributorId":58579,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"West","given":"Allen","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496299,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Firestone, Richard B.","contributorId":55750,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Firestone","given":"Richard B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496297,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Kennett, James P.","contributorId":52499,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kennett","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496296,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18}]}} ,{"id":70045154,"text":"70045154 - 2012 - Credible occurrence probabilities for extreme geophysical events: earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, magnetic storms","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-05-06T10:36:12","indexId":"70045154","displayToPublicDate":"2013-04-22T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Credible occurrence probabilities for extreme geophysical events: earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, magnetic storms","docAbstract":"Statistical analysis is made of rare, extreme geophysical events recorded in historical data -- counting the number of events $k$ with sizes that exceed chosen thresholds during specific durations of time $\\tau$. Under transformations that stabilize data and model-parameter variances, the most likely Poisson-event occurrence rate, $k/\\tau$, applies for frequentist inference and, also, for Bayesian inference with a Jeffreys prior that ensures posterior invariance under changes of variables. Frequentist confidence intervals and Bayesian (Jeffreys) credibility intervals are approximately the same and easy to calculate: $(1/\\tau)[(\\sqrt{k} - z/2)^{2},(\\sqrt{k} + z/2)^{2}]$, where $z$ is a parameter that specifies the width, $z=1$ ($z=2$) corresponding to $1\\sigma$, $68.3\\%$ ($2\\sigma$, $95.4\\%$). If only a few events have been observed, as is usually the case for extreme events, then these \"error-bar\" intervals might be considered to be relatively wide. From historical records, we estimate most likely long-term occurrence rates, 10-yr occurrence probabilities, and intervals of frequentist confidence and Bayesian credibility for large earthquakes, explosive volcanic eruptions, and magnetic storms.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geophysical Research Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"AGU","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1029/2012GL051431","usgsCitation":"Love, J.J., 2012, Credible occurrence probabilities for extreme geophysical events: earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, magnetic storms: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 39, no. 10, L10301, https://doi.org/10.1029/2012GL051431.","productDescription":"L10301","ipdsId":"IP-037733","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474100,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2012gl051431","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":271365,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":271364,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2012GL051431"}],"volume":"39","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-05-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51764ddbe4b0f989f99e008e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Love, Jeffrey J. 0000-0002-3324-0348 jlove@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3324-0348","contributorId":760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Love","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jlove@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":476944,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ]}