The mission of the Gap Analysis Project (GAP) is to support national and regional assessments of the conservation status of vertebrate species and plant communities. This report explains conterminous United States species richness maps created by the U.S. Geological Survey for four major classes in the phylum Chordata: mammals, birds, reptiles, and amphibians. In this work, we focus on terrestrial vertebrate species and the spatial patterns of richness derived from species’ habitat distribution models. We created species’ habitat distribution models for 1,590 species (282 amphibians, 621 birds, 365 mammals, 322 reptiles) and an additional 129 subspecies (2 amphibians, 28 birds, 94 mammals, 5 reptiles) that occur in the conterminous United States. The 1,590 species level models were spatially combined to create the taxa richness maps at a spatial resolution of 30 meters. Based on those maps we identified the maximum species richness for each of the taxa (43 amphibians, 163 birds, 72 mammals, and 54 reptiles) and show variation in richness across the conterminous United States. Because these habitat models remove unsuitable areas within the range of the species, the patterns of richness presented here are different from the coarse-resolution species’ habitat distribution models commonly presented in the literature. These maps provide a new, more spatially refined richness map. In addition, since these models are logically linked to mapped data layers that constitute habitat suitability, this suite of data can provide an intuitive data system for further exploration of biodiversity and implications for change at ecosystem and landscape scales.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20195034","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with North Carolina State University, New Mexico State University, and Boise State University","usgsCitation":"Gergely, K.J., Boykin, K.G., McKerrow, A.J., Rubino, M.J., Tarr, N.M., and Williams, S.G., 2019, Gap Analysis Project (GAP) terrestrial vertebrate species richness maps for the conterminous U.S.: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2019–5034, 99 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20195034.","productDescription":"v, 99 p.","numberOfPages":"110","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-099179","costCenters":[{"id":208,"text":"Core Science Analytics and Synthesis","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":38315,"text":"GAP Analysis Project","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":364342,"rank":4,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7V122T2","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"U.S. Geological Survey - Gap Analysis Project Species Habitat Maps CONUS_2001"},{"id":364248,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7Q81B3R","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"U.S. Geological Survey - Gap Analysis Project Species Range Maps CONUS_2001"},{"id":364247,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2019/5034/sir20195034.pdf","text":"Report","size":"7.26 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2019–5034"},{"id":364246,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2019/5034/coverthb.jpg"}],"contact":"Director, Core Science Analytics and Synthesis
U.S. Geological Survey
Box 25046, MS-302
Denver, CO 80225-0046
Reef canopies are complex and extremely variable across a range of spatial scales. This variability affects the velocity above as well as within the canopy, and directly impacts the transport of sediment along the bed as well as suspended in the water column. How a canopy affects the transport of sediment is important to understand and predict changes in the position of the adjacent shoreline, particularly as reefs change. In this study, high-resolution seabed complexity models derived from photogrammetry for low roughness and high roughness canopy sites at Moloka’i (Hawai’i) are combined with direct field measurements and three-dimensional numerical modelling to investigate these canopy and sub-canopy impacts on velocity and sediment transport.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Coastal Sediments 2019 Proceedings","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"language":"English","publisher":"World Scientific","doi":"10.1142/9789811204487_0083","usgsCitation":"Pomeroy, A., Storlazzi, C.D., Rosenberger, K.J., Hatcher, G., and Warrick, J.A., 2019, Integrating structure from motion, numerical modelling and field measurements to understand carbonate sediment transport in coral reef canopies, in Coastal Sediments 2019 Proceedings, p. 959-969, https://doi.org/10.1142/9789811204487_0083.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"959","endPage":"969","ipdsId":"IP-105554","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":365999,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Molokai","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -157.30911254882812,\n 21.01400911571511\n ],\n [\n -156.70623779296875,\n 21.01400911571511\n ],\n [\n -156.70623779296875,\n 21.27657804234913\n ],\n [\n -157.30911254882812,\n 21.27657804234913\n ],\n [\n -157.30911254882812,\n 21.01400911571511\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pomeroy, Andrew","contributorId":182033,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pomeroy","given":"Andrew","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":767239,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Storlazzi, Curt D. 0000-0001-8057-4490 cstorlazzi@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8057-4490","contributorId":140584,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Storlazzi","given":"Curt","email":"cstorlazzi@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":767240,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rosenberger, Kurt J. 0000-0002-5185-5776 krosenberger@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5185-5776","contributorId":140453,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosenberger","given":"Kurt","email":"krosenberger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":767241,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hatcher, Gerry ghatcher@usgs.gov","contributorId":3556,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hatcher","given":"Gerry","email":"ghatcher@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":767242,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Warrick, Jonathan A. 0000-0002-0205-3814 jwarrick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0205-3814","contributorId":167736,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warrick","given":"Jonathan","email":"jwarrick@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":767243,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70204495,"text":"70204495 - 2019 - The influence of sea level on incident and infragravity wave-driven sediment dynamics across a fringing coral reef","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-07-26T14:15:04","indexId":"70204495","displayToPublicDate":"2019-06-04T14:07:58","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"The influence of sea level on incident and infragravity wave-driven sediment dynamics across a fringing coral reef","docAbstract":"Coral reefs generate significant volumes of carbonate sediment that becomes the primary source of beach material along many low-latitude shorelines that protect hundreds of millions of people globally. Despite this fact, there is little understanding of the specific processes that transport the carbonate sediment produced on the outer portions of coral reefs to the shoreline, let alone how those processes may be affected by projected sea-level rise. To better constrain the influence of sea-level rise on waves and sediment transport over a fringing coral reef flat, an experiment was conducted across the large fringing reef off the south shore of Moloka’i, Hawai’i, in the summer of 2018. Here we describe the influence of water levels on waves, currents, and the resulting sediment resuspension and fluxes observed during this field effort
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Coastal Sediments 2019 Proceedings","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"World Scientific","doi":"10.1142/9789811204487_0087","usgsCitation":"Storlazzi, C.D., Cheriton, O., Rosenberger, K.J., Pomeroy, A., and Lowe, R.J., 2019, The influence of sea level on incident and infragravity wave-driven sediment dynamics across a fringing coral reef, in Coastal Sediments 2019 Proceedings, p. 998-1007, https://doi.org/10.1142/9789811204487_0087.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"998","endPage":"1007","ipdsId":"IP-103631","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":365998,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Molokai","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -157.32009887695312,\n 21.00503514510042\n ],\n [\n -156.6925048828125,\n 21.00503514510042\n ],\n [\n -156.6925048828125,\n 21.220261047755002\n ],\n [\n -157.32009887695312,\n 21.220261047755002\n ],\n [\n -157.32009887695312,\n 21.00503514510042\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Storlazzi, Curt D. 0000-0001-8057-4490 cstorlazzi@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8057-4490","contributorId":140584,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Storlazzi","given":"Curt","email":"cstorlazzi@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":767234,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cheriton, Olivia 0000-0003-3011-9136 ocheriton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3011-9136","contributorId":149003,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cheriton","given":"Olivia","email":"ocheriton@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":767235,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rosenberger, Kurt J. 0000-0002-5185-5776 krosenberger@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5185-5776","contributorId":140453,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosenberger","given":"Kurt","email":"krosenberger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":767236,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pomeroy, Andrew","contributorId":182033,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pomeroy","given":"Andrew","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":767237,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lowe, Ryan J.","contributorId":152265,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lowe","given":"Ryan","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":6986,"text":"Stanford University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":767238,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70203689,"text":"70203689 - 2019 - Measuring settling velocity in a strongly tidal estuary","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-07-26T13:09:31","indexId":"70203689","displayToPublicDate":"2019-06-04T13:40:32","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Measuring settling velocity in a strongly tidal estuary","docAbstract":"Predicting sediment transport in estuarine systems requires understanding sediment settling velocity, its range of fluctuations, and the shortcomings of the tools to measure it. Previous studies have used Laser In-Situ Scattering and Transmissometry (LISST) instruments to measure particle size and Acoustic Doppler Velocimeters (ADV) to return estimates of settling velocity. We deployed both instruments over a 4-week period in summer 2016 in San Pablo Bay, CA, and observed conflicting results from the two instruments. The LISST indicated the settling velocity decreased with increasing bed shear stress, while the ADV showed that settling velocity increased. Comparing the experimental conditions from this study with previous research reveals that the ADV method requires steady state conditions that were not achieved. Although the ADV method uses easily measured quantities to return the settling velocity, it relies on assumptions that are not always valid in estuarine settings.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Coastal Sediments 2019, Proceedings of the 9th International Conference","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"language":"English","publisher":"World Scientific","doi":"10.1142/9789811204487_0207","usgsCitation":"Allen, R., Lacy, J.R., and Variano, E.A., 2019, Measuring settling velocity in a strongly tidal estuary, in Coastal Sediments 2019, Proceedings of the 9th International Conference, p. 2423-2434, https://doi.org/10.1142/9789811204487_0207.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"2423","endPage":"2434","ipdsId":"IP-104606","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":364466,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Pablo Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.4041748046875,\n 38.15291731872143\n ],\n [\n -122.41722106933594,\n 38.1313159665265\n ],\n [\n -122.44537353515625,\n 38.11619121500379\n ],\n [\n -122.45086669921875,\n 38.118892293285704\n ],\n [\n -122.49343872070312,\n 38.11078875872392\n ],\n [\n -122.48588562011717,\n 38.0756630533364\n ],\n [\n -122.50030517578124,\n 38.019426820061696\n ],\n [\n -122.44606018066406,\n 37.984798440032684\n ],\n [\n -122.42340087890624,\n 37.96314739944216\n ],\n [\n -122.39662170410156,\n 37.95123660520783\n ],\n [\n -122.39112854003905,\n 37.95719224376526\n ],\n [\n -122.39593505859376,\n 37.968560758280454\n ],\n [\n -122.38288879394531,\n 37.97451499202459\n ],\n [\n -122.37052917480469,\n 37.975597528091235\n ],\n [\n -122.36022949218749,\n 37.98858671553364\n ],\n [\n -122.36572265625,\n 38.0107712581413\n ],\n [\n -122.3444366455078,\n 38.005902055387054\n ],\n [\n -122.33001708984374,\n 38.00157360367438\n ],\n [\n -122.31353759765624,\n 38.01185325927953\n ],\n [\n -122.29774475097655,\n 38.01023025158327\n ],\n [\n -122.288818359375,\n 38.023754217706944\n ],\n [\n -122.28607177734376,\n 38.023213306976814\n ],\n [\n -122.2723388671875,\n 38.038357297980816\n ],\n [\n -122.26821899414061,\n 38.04052046968823\n ],\n [\n -122.2613525390625,\n 38.04917251752295\n ],\n [\n -122.244873046875,\n 38.05512020731343\n ],\n [\n -122.22564697265625,\n 38.058364198044636\n ],\n [\n -122.22633361816406,\n 38.065932950547484\n ],\n [\n -122.23663330078124,\n 38.07512252602562\n ],\n [\n -122.24624633789062,\n 38.077284611299554\n ],\n [\n -122.27371215820312,\n 38.06539235133249\n ],\n [\n -122.28607177734376,\n 38.08647276060778\n ],\n [\n -122.31903076171875,\n 38.11403028044574\n ],\n [\n -122.4041748046875,\n 38.15291731872143\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-05-16","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Allen, Rachel 0000-0002-0287-6466","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0287-6466","contributorId":216002,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"Rachel","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":763625,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lacy, Jessica R. 0000-0002-2797-6172","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2797-6172","contributorId":201703,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lacy","given":"Jessica","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":763626,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Variano, Evan A 0000-0001-5102-238X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5102-238X","contributorId":216003,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Variano","given":"Evan","email":"","middleInitial":"A","affiliations":[{"id":36942,"text":"University of California, Berkeley","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":763627,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70204492,"text":"70204492 - 2019 - Controls on sediment transport over coral reefs off southwest Puerto Rico: Seasonal patterns and Hurricane Maria","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-07-29T06:48:02","indexId":"70204492","displayToPublicDate":"2019-06-04T12:52:53","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Controls on sediment transport over coral reefs off southwest Puerto Rico: Seasonal patterns and Hurricane Maria","docAbstract":"Guánica Bay in southwest Puerto Rico is highly turbid and has some of the highest PCB concentrations in the USA. To investigate how and to what extent the bay waters influence coral reef ecosystem health along the coastline, 6 months of hydrodynamic data were collected at 8 sites on the insular shelf. Bed shear stresses were primarily driven by waves and were weakest at the site closest to La Parguera, located downcoast to the west. Due to the prevailing westward shelf currents, suspended particulate material (SPM) exiting the bay likely settles out at these lower energy sites. We postulate the ecosystem in this area was adversely affected immediately after the hurricane because (1) the source concentration of SPM and PCBs in the bay was greatly increased, and (2) regional waves in the months after the hurricane season were less energetic and, thus, less frequently mobilized and flushed the material.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Coastal Sediments 2019 Proceedings","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"language":"English","publisher":"World Scientific","doi":"10.1142/9789811204487_0079","usgsCitation":"Cheriton, O., Storlazzi, C.D., Rosenberger, K.J., and Sherman, C., 2019, Controls on sediment transport over coral reefs off southwest Puerto Rico: Seasonal patterns and Hurricane Maria, in Coastal Sediments 2019 Proceedings, p. 903-915, https://doi.org/10.1142/9789811204487_0079.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"903","endPage":"915","ipdsId":"IP-103770","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":365994,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Puerto Rico","otherGeospatial":"Guanica Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -67.07599639892577,\n 17.92516935349583\n ],\n [\n -66.78485870361328,\n 17.92516935349583\n ],\n [\n -66.78485870361328,\n 17.997672483883054\n ],\n [\n -67.07599639892577,\n 17.997672483883054\n ],\n [\n -67.07599639892577,\n 17.92516935349583\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-05-16","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cheriton, Olivia 0000-0003-3011-9136 ocheriton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3011-9136","contributorId":149003,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cheriton","given":"Olivia","email":"ocheriton@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":767223,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Storlazzi, Curt D. 0000-0001-8057-4490 cstorlazzi@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8057-4490","contributorId":140584,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Storlazzi","given":"Curt","email":"cstorlazzi@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":767224,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rosenberger, Kurt J. 0000-0002-5185-5776 krosenberger@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5185-5776","contributorId":140453,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosenberger","given":"Kurt","email":"krosenberger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":767225,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sherman, Clark","contributorId":9795,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sherman","given":"Clark","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":767226,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70203411,"text":"ofr20191055 - 2019 - Distribution of adult Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) in relation to water temperatures, Lake Scanewa, Cowlitz River, Washington, 2012","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-06-05T13:55:21","indexId":"ofr20191055","displayToPublicDate":"2019-06-04T12:10:14","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2019-1055","displayTitle":"Distribution of Adult Chinook Salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) in Relation to Water Temperatures, Lake Scanewa, Cowlitz River, Washington, 2012","title":"Distribution of adult Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) in relation to water temperatures, Lake Scanewa, Cowlitz River, Washington, 2012","docAbstract":"A trap-and-haul program is operated to move anadromous Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) around dams and reservoirs in the Cowlitz River basin, Washington. The primary release site for adult fish is in Lake Scanewa, a small reservoir created by Cowlitz Falls Dam, the uppermost dam in the basin. Releases in the reservoir are terminated when reservoir water temperature is 16 degrees Celsius (°C) or greater to reduce the risk of exposing adult salmon and steelhead (O. mykiss) to thermal conditions known to be stressful for these species. When the water temperature limit is reached, fish are released into the Cowlitz and Cispus Rivers upstream of the reservoir. Concerns have been raised about fish presence in the reservoir during warm conditions, so an empirical evaluation of water temperatures selected by spring Chinook salmon (O. tshawytscha) in Lake Scanewa was requested by resource managers. We conducted the evaluation during June–October 2012. Water temperature in the reservoir was measured using a series of thermographs combined with daily measurements at the Cowlitz Falls Fish Facility. Temperature-use data were collected from 50 adult hatchery-origin spring Chinook salmon tagged with temperature-sensing radio transmitters and released into the reservoir. This approach yielded a total of 930,056 individual temperature-use records in the reservoir during the study. Tagged fish occupied water temperatures less than 16 °C during most of the study period. Water temperatures ranged from 5 to 18.5 °C during the study, peaking in mid-August. Overall, about 25 percent of the detections of tagged fish were in water temperatures in the 16–20 °C range. In August, tagged fish detections in the 18–20 °C range comprised 13 percent of the total detections, and the remainder of the detections were in water less than or equal to 17 °C. Results from the study indicate that adult hatchery-origin spring Chinook salmon were able to locate and use water temperatures in the reservoir less than levels associated with stress. However, we also observed that thermal conditions in the reservoir were cool relative to most other years during 2008–16. Additional research may be warranted to better understand thermal exposure of adult spring Chinook salmon during warmer years.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20191055","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Public Utility District Number 1 of Lewis County, Washington","usgsCitation":"Kock, T.J., Ekstrom, B.K., and Liedtke, T.L., 2018, Distribution of adult Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) in relation to water temperatures, Lake Scanewa, Cowlitz River, Washington, 2012: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2019-1055, 14 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20191055.","productDescription":"iv, 14 p.","numberOfPages":"22","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-106983","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":364309,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2019/1055/coverthb2.jpg"},{"id":364310,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2019/1055/ofr20191055.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.7 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\"}}]}","contact":"Director, Western Fisheries Research Center
U.S. Geological Survey
6505 NE 65th Street
Seattle, Washington 98115-5016
Large spatial databases often labeled as geospatial big data exceed the capacity of commonly used computing systems as a result of data volume, variety, velocity, and veracity. Additional problems also labeled with V’s are cited, but the four primary ones are the most problematic and focus of this chapter (Li et al., 2016, Panimalar et al., 2017). Sources include satellites, aircraft and drone platforms, vehicles, geosocial networking services, mobile devices, and cameras. The problems in processing these data to extract useful information include query, analysis, and visualization. Data mining techniques and machine learning algorithms, such as deep convolutional neural networks, often are used with geospatial big data. The obvious problem is handling the large data volumes, particularly for input and output operations, requiring parallel read and write of the data, as well as high speed computers, disk services, and network transfer speeds. Additional problems of large spatial databases include the variety and heterogeneity of data requiring advanced algorithms to handle different data types and characteristics, and integration with other data. The velocity at which the data are acquired is a challenge, especially using today’s advanced sensors and the Internet of Things that includes millions of devices creating data on short temporal scales of micro seconds to minutes. Finally, the veracity, or truthfulness of large spatial databases is difficult to establish and validate, particularly for all data elements in the database.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geographic Information Science & Technology Body of Knowledge","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"UCGIS","doi":"10.22224/gistbok/2019.2.13","usgsCitation":"Usery, E., 2019, Problems of Large Spatial Databases, chap. of Geographic Information Science & Technology Body of Knowledge, https://doi.org/10.22224/gistbok/2019.2.13.","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-101554","costCenters":[{"id":423,"text":"National Geospatial Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5074,"text":"Center for Geospatial Information Science (CEGIS)","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":460367,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.22224/gistbok/2019.2.13","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":365010,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-04-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Usery, E. Lynn 0000-0002-2766-2173","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2766-2173","contributorId":204684,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Usery","given":"E. Lynn","affiliations":[{"id":5074,"text":"Center for Geospatial Information Science (CEGIS)","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":423,"text":"National Geospatial Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":762758,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70203209,"text":"fs20193026 - 2019 - Geological and geophysical data for a three-dimensional view—Inside the San Juan and Silverton Calderas, Southern Rocky Mountains Volcanic Field, Silverton, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-06-05T14:01:16","indexId":"fs20193026","displayToPublicDate":"2019-06-04T11:10:00","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2019-3026","title":"Geological and geophysical data for a three-dimensional view—Inside the San Juan and Silverton Calderas, Southern Rocky Mountains Volcanic Field, Silverton, Colorado","docAbstract":"The San Juan-Silverton caldera complex located near Silverton, Colorado, in the Southern Rocky Mountains volcanic field is an ideal natural laboratory for furthering the understanding of shallow-to-deep volcanic-related mineral systems. Recent advances in geophysical data processing and three-dimensional (3D) model construction will help to characterize shallow properties important for understanding surface water and groundwater quality issues and will also improve knowledge of deep geological structures that may have been conduits for hydrothermal fluids that formed mineral deposits. The study has general applications to mineral resource assessments in other areas of the world and to identifying possible groundwater flow paths and associated geochemistry important in abandoned mine lands cleanup.
Silverton, Colorado, is the site of a spectacular succession of igneous rocks that formed beginning about 35 million years ago (Ma). Base metals (copper, lead, and zinc) and precious metals (silver and gold) mined from the late 1870s to 1991 owe their existence to a 25-million-year cycle of igneous activity. The presence of economic, base, and precious metal deposits within a complex geological setting were largely responsible for stimulating studies by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) conducted during the early 20th century. The focus of investigations in the late 20th and 21st centuries have broadened in scope to include abandoned mine lands (AML) investigations. The legacy of hard rock mining in headwater catchment areas caused environmental challenges for local communities and downstream water resource users. The Gold King Mine, located a few kilometers north of Silverton, illustrates the potential environmental effects of abandoned mines. On August 5, 2015, during reclamation efforts at the Gold King Mine, a breach of collapsed workings sent approximately 3 million gallons of acidic and metal-rich mine water into the upper Animas River, a tributary to the Colorado River Basin. Mining-related sources of metals and acidity add to geological sources of metals in surface water and groundwater. Weathering processes of altered and mineralized rock have been a source of acid rock drainage that have been ongoing for millennia.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20193026","collaboration":"Prepared in collaboration with U.S. Forest Service, Bureau of Land Management, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Colorado Division of Reclamation Mining and Safety, Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment, and Animas River Stakeholders Group","usgsCitation":"Yager, D.B., Anderson, E.D., Rodriguez, B.D., Deszcz-Pan, M., and Smith, B.D., 2019, Geological and geophysical data for a three-dimensional view—Inside the San Juan and Silverton calderas, Southern Rocky Mountains volcanic field, Silverton, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2019-3026, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20193026.","productDescription":"4 p.","onlineOnly":"N","ipdsId":"IP-103569","costCenters":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":364304,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2019/3026/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":364305,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2019/3026/fs20193026.pdf","text":"Report","size":"8.83 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"FS 2019-3026"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","county":"San Juan County","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-107.5857,37.9702],[-107.5786,37.9667],[-107.5721,37.9636],[-107.5632,37.9573],[-107.5584,37.9524],[-107.5549,37.9493],[-107.5502,37.9475],[-107.5361,37.9445],[-107.5319,37.9414],[-107.5324,37.9378],[-107.5347,37.9337],[-107.5352,37.9291],[-107.5351,37.9237],[-107.532,37.9178],[-107.5278,37.9088],[-107.5247,37.9039],[-107.5212,37.9007],[-107.5211,37.8967],[-107.5279,37.8875],[-107.5324,37.8806],[-107.5329,37.8748],[-107.5317,37.8734],[-107.5305,37.8716],[-107.5204,37.8618],[-107.5179,37.8554],[-107.5184,37.8486],[-107.5176,37.84],[-107.5146,37.8342],[-107.5127,37.8288],[-107.5121,37.8265],[-107.5109,37.8256],[-107.5068,37.8243],[-107.491,37.8236],[-107.4828,37.8223],[-107.4757,37.817],[-107.4705,37.8143],[-107.4669,37.8107],[-107.4627,37.8044],[-107.4578,37.7918],[-107.457,37.785],[-107.4581,37.7791],[-107.4666,37.7668],[-107.4677,37.7645],[-107.4695,37.7645],[-107.4777,37.768],[-107.4812,37.7684],[-107.4829,37.7675],[-107.484,37.7648],[-107.4824,37.7407],[-107.4832,37.6374],[-107.6698,37.6372],[-107.6849,37.6375],[-107.6867,37.6375],[-107.9686,37.6377],[-107.9628,37.6401],[-107.96,37.6415],[-107.9583,37.6429],[-107.9572,37.6456],[-107.9572,37.6479],[-107.9579,37.6524],[-107.9604,37.6592],[-107.9629,37.6646],[-107.966,37.6718],[-107.9685,37.6777],[-107.9698,37.6822],[-107.9699,37.6867],[-107.9688,37.6899],[-107.966,37.6936],[-107.9615,37.6977],[-107.9575,37.7005],[-107.9534,37.7024],[-107.9505,37.7029],[-107.9471,37.7029],[-107.9389,37.7017],[-107.936,37.7017],[-107.9331,37.7027],[-107.9274,37.706],[-107.9239,37.7074],[-107.9181,37.7079],[-107.9135,37.7098],[-107.9094,37.7112],[-107.9049,37.7154],[-107.9014,37.7168],[-107.8968,37.7173],[-107.8904,37.717],[-107.8817,37.7162],[-107.8764,37.7163],[-107.8747,37.7172],[-107.873,37.7213],[-107.8726,37.7259],[-107.8733,37.7317],[-107.8717,37.7368],[-107.8684,37.7431],[-107.8644,37.7477],[-107.8627,37.7509],[-107.8622,37.7537],[-107.8629,37.7559],[-107.8641,37.7582],[-107.8659,37.76],[-107.8677,37.7617],[-107.8683,37.7635],[-107.8672,37.7663],[-107.8615,37.7732],[-107.8592,37.7737],[-107.854,37.7742],[-107.8493,37.7734],[-107.8446,37.7721],[-107.8423,37.7721],[-107.84,37.7726],[-107.8354,37.7767],[-107.8275,37.7859],[-107.8224,37.7915],[-107.8213,37.7928],[-107.8225,37.7955],[-107.8268,37.8063],[-107.8263,37.8082],[-107.8258,37.81],[-107.8085,37.8207],[-107.8056,37.8212],[-107.8004,37.8212],[-107.7975,37.8213],[-107.7952,37.8222],[-107.7935,37.8236],[-107.7918,37.8277],[-107.7885,37.8332],[-107.7868,37.8355],[-107.7845,37.8378],[-107.7812,37.8451],[-107.7762,37.8556],[-107.7756,37.857],[-107.7768,37.8592],[-107.7781,37.8615],[-107.7741,37.8656],[-107.7655,37.8739],[-107.7553,37.8845],[-107.7479,37.8923],[-107.7422,37.8982],[-107.7359,37.9038],[-107.7188,37.8977],[-107.7077,37.8955],[-107.7024,37.892],[-107.6977,37.8912],[-107.6942,37.8917],[-107.6897,37.8967],[-107.6879,37.8976],[-107.6862,37.899],[-107.6839,37.9],[-107.681,37.9],[-107.6682,37.9011],[-107.6595,37.9039],[-107.6514,37.9081],[-107.6422,37.9146],[-107.6394,37.9187],[-107.6389,37.9237],[-107.6404,37.9368],[-107.6405,37.9404],[-107.6407,37.9491],[-107.6385,37.9545],[-107.635,37.9586],[-107.6263,37.9588],[-107.6216,37.9588],[-107.6077,37.9636],[-107.5961,37.9669],[-107.588,37.9688],[-107.5857,37.9702]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"San Juan\",\"state\":\"CO\"}}]}","contact":"Director, Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
Box 25046, MS-964
Denver, CO 80225-0046
Bringing Bayesian Models to Life empowers the reader to extend, enhance, and implement statistical models for ecological and environmental data analysis. We open the black box and show the reader how to connect modern statistical models to computer algorithms. These algorithms allow the user to fit models that answer their scientific questions without needing to rely on automated Bayesian software. We show how to handcraft statistical models that are useful in ecological and environmental science including: linear and generalized linear models, spatial and time series models, occupancy and capture-recapture models, animal movement models, spatio-temporal models, and integrated population-models.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1201/9780429243653","usgsCitation":"Hooten, M., and Hefley, T.J., 2019, Bringing Bayesian models to life, 590 p., https://doi.org/10.1201/9780429243653.","productDescription":"590 p.","ipdsId":"IP-103401","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":395444,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-05-15","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hooten, Mevin 0000-0002-1614-723X mhooten@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1614-723X","contributorId":2958,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hooten","given":"Mevin","email":"mhooten@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":12963,"text":"Colorado Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Fort Collins, CO","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":true,"id":833185,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hefley, Trevor J.","contributorId":147146,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hefley","given":"Trevor","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":16796,"text":"Dept Fish, Wildlife & Cons Biol, Colorado St Univ, Fort Collins, CO","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":833186,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70203794,"text":"70203794 - 2019 - Contemporary human impacts on alpine ecosystems: the direct and indirect effects of human-induced climate change and land use","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-06-13T08:58:02","indexId":"70203794","displayToPublicDate":"2019-06-04T08:57:07","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Contemporary human impacts on alpine ecosystems: the direct and indirect effects of human-induced climate change and land use","docAbstract":"Alpine ecosystems account for ca. 3 % of terrestrial habitats yet, along with adjacent mountain systems, provide water resources to nearly half of the world’s human population. Approximately 20 % of humans live in or near mountain areas, making it inherently important to understand current impacts on these systems. Here, I review literature regarding current and projected human impacts on alpine ecosystems, including the direct and indirect impacts of human-induced climate change on alpine plant, animal, and soil communities. I also discuss the influence of recreation and tourism, grazing, and other land use changes including the introduction of non-native and invasive species in alpine systems. I conclude with management implications as well as future areas of research needed to better understand changes to these systems.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Reference Module in Earth Systems and Environmental Sciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/B978-0-12-409548-9.11879-2","usgsCitation":"Winkler, D.E., 2019, Contemporary human impacts on alpine ecosystems: the direct and indirect effects of human-induced climate change and land use, chap. of Reference Module in Earth Systems and Environmental Sciences, https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-409548-9.11879-2.","ipdsId":"IP-103065","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":364628,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":364616,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780124095489118792?via%3Dihub"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Winkler, Daniel E. 0000-0003-4825-9073","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4825-9073","contributorId":206786,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winkler","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":764150,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70217041,"text":"70217041 - 2019 - Integrating amphibian movement studies across scales better informs conservation decisions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-29T13:33:10.49022","indexId":"70217041","displayToPublicDate":"2019-06-04T07:30:28","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1015,"text":"Biological Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Integrating amphibian movement studies across scales better informs conservation decisions","docAbstract":"Numerous papers have highlighted the need to integrate amphibian research and conservation across multiple scales. Despite this, most amphibian movement studies focus on a single level of organization (e.g., local population) and a single life stage (e.g., adults) and many suggest potential conservation actions or imply that the information is useful to conservation, yet these presumptions are rarely clarified or tested. Movement studies to date provide little information to guide conservation decisions directly because they fail to integrate movement across scales with individual or population parameters (i.e., fitness metrics); this is exacerbated by a general failure to set movement studies in a probabilistic context. An integrative approach allows prediction of population or metapopulation responses to environmental changes and different management actions, thus directly informing conservation decisions and ‘moving the needle’ towards an informed application of conservation actions. To support this perspective we: 1) revisit reviews of amphibian movement to illustrate the focus on single scales and to underscore the importance of movement – at all scales – to conservation; 2) make the case that movement, breeding, and other demographic probabilities are intertwined and studies executed at different temporal and spatial scales can aid in understanding species' responses to varying environmental and/or management conditions; 3) identify limitations of existing movement-related research to predict conservation action outcomes and inform decision-making; and 4) highlight under-utilized quantitative approaches that facilitate research that either connects movement to fitness metrics (individual-level studies) or estimates population and metapopulation vital rates in addition to, or associated with, movement probabilities.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.biocon.2019.05.028","usgsCitation":"Bailey, L., and Muths, E., 2019, Integrating amphibian movement studies across scales better informs conservation decisions: Biological Conservation, v. 236, p. 261-268, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2019.05.028.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"261","endPage":"268","ipdsId":"IP-101181","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":381717,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"236","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bailey, Larissa L.","contributorId":229353,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bailey","given":"Larissa L.","affiliations":[{"id":6621,"text":"Colorado State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":807353,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Muths, Erin L. 0000-0002-5498-3132","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5498-3132","contributorId":245922,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muths","given":"Erin L.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":807327,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70207500,"text":"70207500 - 2019 - A physical model of the high-frequency seismic signal generated by debris flows","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-20T16:22:06","indexId":"70207500","displayToPublicDate":"2019-06-03T16:15:07","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1425,"text":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A physical model of the high-frequency seismic signal generated by debris flows","docAbstract":"We propose a physical model for the high‐frequency (>1 Hz) spectral distribution of seismic power generated by debris flows. The modeled debris flow is assumed to have four regions where the impact rate and impulses are controlled by different mechanisms: the flow body, a coarser‐grained snout, a snout lip where particles fall from the snout on the bed, and a dilute front composed of saltating particles. We calculate the seismic power produced by this impact model in two end‐member scenarios, a thin‐flow and thick‐flow limit, which assume that the ratio of grain sizes to flow thicknesses are either near unity or much less than unity. The thin‐flow limit is more appropriate for boulder‐rich flows that are most likely to generate large seismic signals. As a flow passes a seismic station, the rise phase of the seismic amplitude is generated primarily by the snout while the decay phase is generated first by the snout and then the main flow body. The lip and saltating front generate a negligible seismic signal. When ground properties are known, seismic power depends most strongly on both particle diameter and average flow speed cubed, and also depends on length and width of the flow. The effective particle diameter for producing seismic power is substantially higher than the median grain size and close to the 73rd percentile for a realistic grain size distribution. We discuss how the model can be used to estimate effective particle diameter and average flow speed from an integrated measure of seismic power.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/esp.4677","usgsCitation":"Farin, M., Tsai, V.C., Lamb, M.P., and Allstadt, K.E., 2019, A physical model of the high-frequency seismic signal generated by debris flows: Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, v. 44, no. 13, p. 2529-2543, https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.4677.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"2529","endPage":"2543","ipdsId":"IP-107456","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":467561,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.4677","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":370589,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"44","issue":"13","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-07-29","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Farin, Maxime 0000-0002-0250-2499","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0250-2499","contributorId":221438,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Farin","given":"Maxime","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7218,"text":"California Institute of Technology","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":778239,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tsai, Victor C. 0000-0003-1809-6672","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1809-6672","contributorId":199684,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tsai","given":"Victor","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":27150,"text":"Seismological Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":778240,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lamb, Michael P.","contributorId":214027,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lamb","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":13711,"text":"Caltech","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":778241,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Allstadt, Kate E. 0000-0003-4977-5248","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4977-5248","contributorId":138704,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allstadt","given":"Kate","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":778242,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70203934,"text":"70203934 - 2019 - Local niche differences predict genotype associations in sister taxa of desert tortoise","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-08-13T15:56:55","indexId":"70203934","displayToPublicDate":"2019-06-03T15:37:57","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1399,"text":"Diversity and Distributions","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Local niche differences predict genotype associations in sister taxa of desert tortoise","docAbstract":"Aims
To investigate spatial congruence between ecological niches and genotype in two allopatric species of desert tortoise that are species of conservation concern.
Location
Mojave and Sonoran Desert ecoregions; California, Nevada, Arizona, Utah, USA.
Methods
We compare ecological niches of Gopherus agassizii and Gopherus morafkai using species distribution modelling (SDM) and then calibrate a pooled‐taxa distribution model to explore local differences in species–environment relationships based on the spatial residuals of the pooled‐taxa model. We use multiscale geographically weighted regression (MGWR) applied to those residuals to estimate local species–environment relationships that can vary across the landscape. We identify multivariate clusters in these local species–environment relationships and compare them against models of (a) a geographically based taxonomic designation for two sister species and (b) an environmental ecoregion designation, with respect to their ability to predict a genotype association index for these two species.
Results
We find non‐identical niches for these species, with differences that span physiographic and vegetation niche dimensions. We find evidence for two distinct clusters of local species–environment relationships that when mapped, predict an index of genotype association for the two sister taxa better than did either the geographically based taxonomic designation or an environmental ecoregion designation.
Main conclusions
Exploring local species–environment relationships by coupling SDM and MGWR can benefit studies of biogeography and conservation. We find that niche separation in habitat selection conforms to genotypic differences between sister taxa of tortoise in a recent secondary contact zone. This result may inform decision making by agencies with regulatory or land management authority for the two sister taxa addressed here.
","language":"English","publisher":"John Wiley & Sons Ltd","doi":"10.1111/ddi.12927","usgsCitation":"Inman, R.D., Fotheringham, A.S., Franklin, J., Esque, T., Edwards, T., and Nussear, K., 2019, Local niche differences predict genotype associations in sister taxa of desert tortoise: Diversity and Distributions, v. 25, no. 8, p. 1194-1209, https://doi.org/10.1111/ddi.12927.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"1194","endPage":"1209","ipdsId":"IP-104147","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":467562,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ddi.12927","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":437431,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P91V2S8C","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Local ecological niche models, genotype associations and environmental data for desert tortoises."},{"id":364964,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona, California, Nevada, Utah","otherGeospatial":"Mojave Desert, Sonoran Desert","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -119.61914062499999,\n 34.379712580462204\n ],\n [\n -118.564453125,\n 33.797408767572485\n ],\n [\n -117.68554687499999,\n 33.578014746143985\n ],\n [\n -117.158203125,\n 32.62087018318113\n ],\n [\n -114.7412109375,\n 32.731840896865684\n ],\n [\n -114.78515624999999,\n 32.509761735919426\n ],\n [\n -110.830078125,\n 31.316101383495624\n ],\n [\n -109.2919921875,\n 33.100745405144245\n ],\n [\n -112.19238281249999,\n 36.10237644873644\n ],\n [\n -111.7529296875,\n 37.89219554724437\n ],\n [\n -117.24609374999999,\n 37.37015718405753\n ],\n [\n -120.234375,\n 36.4566360115962\n ],\n [\n -119.61914062499999,\n 34.379712580462204\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"25","issue":"8","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-06-03","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Inman, Richard D. 0000-0002-1982-7791 rdinman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1982-7791","contributorId":187754,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Inman","given":"Richard","email":"rdinman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":764835,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fotheringham, A. 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Helen Street, Room 111, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":764838,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Nussear, Kenneth","contributorId":194538,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nussear","given":"Kenneth","affiliations":[{"id":24618,"text":"Department of Geography, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":764839,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70204040,"text":"70204040 - 2019 - Is there convergence of gut microbes in blood-feeding vertebrates?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-08-13T15:49:00","indexId":"70204040","displayToPublicDate":"2019-06-03T14:23:34","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3048,"text":"Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Is there convergence of gut microbes in blood-feeding vertebrates?","docAbstract":"Animal microbiomes play an important role in dietary adaptation, yet the extent to which microbiome changes exhibit parallel evolution is unclear. Of particular interest is an adaptation to extreme diets, such as blood, which poses special challenges in its content of proteins and lack of essential nutrients. In this study, we assessed taxonomic signatures (by 16S rRNA amplicon profiling) and potential functional signatures (inferred by Phylogenetic Investigation of Communities by Reconstruction of Unobserved States (PICRUSt)) of haematophagy in birds and bats. Our goal was to test three alternative hypotheses: no convergence of microbiomes, convergence in taxonomy and convergence in function. We find a statistically significant effect of haematophagy in terms of microbial taxonomic convergence across the blood-feeding bats and birds, although this effect is small compared to the differences found between haematophagous and non-haematophagous species within the two host clades. We also find some evidence of convergence at the predicted functional level, although it is possible that the lack of metagenomic data and the poor representation of microbial lineages adapted to haematophagy in genome databases limit the power of this approach. The results provide a paradigm for exploring convergent microbiome evolution replicated with independent contrasts in different host lineages.
","language":"English","publisher":"Royal Society Publishing","doi":"10.1098/rstb.2018.0249","usgsCitation":"Song, J., Sanders, J.G., Baldassarre, D.T., Chaves, J.A., Johnson, N., Piaggio, A.J., Stuckey, M.J., Novakova, E., Metcalf, J., Chomel, B.B., Aguilar-Setien, A., Knight, R., and McKenzie, V.J., 2019, Is there convergence of gut microbes in blood-feeding vertebrates?: Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, v. 374, no. 1777, Article 20180249, https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2018.0249.","productDescription":"Article 20180249","ipdsId":"IP-103759","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":467563,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2018.0249","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":365122,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"374","issue":"1777","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":15,"text":"Madison PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-06-03","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Song, Jin","contributorId":166793,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Song","given":"Jin","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":24516,"text":"Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Univesity of Colorado, Boulder; Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":765232,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sanders, Jon G","contributorId":216644,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sanders","given":"Jon","email":"","middleInitial":"G","affiliations":[{"id":12722,"text":"Cornell University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":765234,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Baldassarre, Daniel T","contributorId":216643,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Baldassarre","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"T","affiliations":[{"id":5112,"text":"University of Miami","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":765233,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Chaves, Jaime A","contributorId":216645,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chaves","given":"Jaime","email":"","middleInitial":"A","affiliations":[{"id":39492,"text":"Universidad San Francisco de Quito","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":765235,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Johnson, Nicholas S. 0000-0002-7419-6013 njohnson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7419-6013","contributorId":150983,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Nicholas S.","email":"njohnson@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":765231,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Piaggio, Antoinette J.","contributorId":174782,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Piaggio","given":"Antoinette","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":12434,"text":"USDA, Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":765236,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Stuckey, Matthew J","contributorId":216646,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stuckey","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"J","affiliations":[{"id":16975,"text":"University of California Davis","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":765237,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Novakova, Eva","contributorId":216647,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Novakova","given":"Eva","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":38382,"text":"University of South Bohemia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":765238,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Metcalf, Jessica L","contributorId":166787,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Metcalf","given":"Jessica L","affiliations":[{"id":24516,"text":"Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Univesity of Colorado, Boulder; 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Deepartment of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California, San Diego, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":765242,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"McKenzie, Valerie J.","contributorId":174969,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McKenzie","given":"Valerie","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":765243,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13}]}} ,{"id":70202841,"text":"sir20195024 - 2019 - Petrology of volcanic rocks associated with silver-gold (Ag-Au) epithermal deposits in the Tonopah, Divide, and Goldfield Mining Districts, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-06-06T07:54:40","indexId":"sir20195024","displayToPublicDate":"2019-06-03T13:15:00","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2019-5024","displayTitle":"Petrology of Volcanic Rocks Associated with Silver-Gold (Ag-Au) Epithermal Deposits in the Tonopah, Divide, and Goldfield Mining Districts, Nevada","title":"Petrology of volcanic rocks associated with silver-gold (Ag-Au) epithermal deposits in the Tonopah, Divide, and Goldfield Mining Districts, Nevada","docAbstract":"Miocene calc-alkaline volcanic rocks, part of the southern segment of the ancestral Cascades magmatic arc, are spatially, temporally, and likely genetically associated with precious metal epithermal deposits in the Tonopah, Divide, and Goldfield Districts of west-central Nevada. In the Tonopah mining district, volcanic rocks include the Mizpah Trachyte, Fraction Tuff, and Oddie Rhyolite; in the Divide mining district, they include the Heller Tuff, Brougher Rhyolite, trachyandesite of Red Mountain, Divide Andesite, and volcanics of Donovan Peak (which includes rhyolite, dacite, and rhyodacite units); in the Goldfield mining district they include the Milltown Andesite, an unnamed porphyritic andesite, and latite. All these rocks are porphyritic and contain phenocryst assemblages that include plagioclase, pyroxene, hornblende, biotite, quartz, alkali feldspar, and olivine. These mostly subalkaline, metaluminous, calc-alkalic, and magnesian rocks range from basaltic trachyandesite to rhyolite and contain 54 to 78 weight percent silicon dioxide.
In the Divide mining district, the Divide Andesite and the volcanics of Donovan Peak are compositionally distinct from volcanic rocks in the other two mining districts. These rocks define a somewhat more restricted range of silicon dioxide content; are more alkalic; have greater titanium dioxide, sodium oxide, barium, hafnium, lanthanum, niobium, tantalum, yttrium, ytterbium, and zirconium abundances; and lower magnesium oxide, strontium, and vanadium abundances. Elevated zirconium contents are particularly characteristic of these rocks, which are also distinctly younger than most of the rocks in the other two mining districts. The alkalic character (principally higher sodium oxide abundances) and elevated zirconium contents characteristic of the Divide Andesite and the volcanics of Donovan Peak suggest that distinctive sources and (or) processes contributed to the petrogenesis of these rocks.
In the Tonopah, Divide, and Goldfield mining districts the geochemistry of Oligocene and Miocene volcanic rocks constrain the processes that contributed to the petrogenesis of these rocks. Specifically, major oxide compositional variation among these rocks is consistent with crystallization and fractionation of the observed phenocryst minerals. In addition, these rocks have negatively sloping rare-earth element patterns consistent with partial melting in a high-pressure, garnet stable regime. Elevated strontium concentrations and small negative europium anomalies are consistent with partial melting in a plagioclase-unstable setting. However, larger negative europium anomalies among the more silica-rich volcanic rocks indicates a progressively greater role for plagioclase fractionation among these rocks. The importance of hornblende in the petrogenesis of these rocks is reflected in subtly U-shaped middle rare-earth element pattern segments. Increasing lead/cerium and decreasing phosphorus pentoxide/potassium oxide with increasing silicon dioxide are characteristic of these volcanic rocks. These characteristics and their distinctive pre-Cenozoic xenolith content suggest a significant role for crustal contamination in their petrogenesis. Diagnostic textural features preserved by phenocrysts, especially plagioclase, constitute additional evidence that open-system behavior, including reservoir-scale mixing, recharge, and assimilation, was critical to the petrogenesis of volcanic rocks in the Tonopah, Divide, and Goldfield mining districts.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20195024","usgsCitation":"du Bray, E.A., John, D.A., Colgan, J.P., Vikre, P.G., Cosca, M.A., and Morgan, L.E., 2019, Petrology of volcanic rocks associated with silver-gold (Ag-Au) epithermal deposits in the Tonopah, Divide, and Goldfield mining districts, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2019–5024, 22 p., https://doi.gov/10.3133/sir20195024.","productDescription":"22 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-099110","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":662,"text":"Western Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":364252,"rank":4,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related 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U.S. Geological Survey
Box 25046, MS-973
Denver, CO 80225-0046
The physiological challenge for anadromous fish to migrate upriver is influenced by river temperature, but the impacts of river temperature can be difficult to predict due to an incomplete understanding of how temperature influences migration costs, especially in high‐latitude (>60°N) ecosystems. To assess temperature influences on migrating Pacific salmon Oncorhynchus spp., we measured heat shock protein 70 (HSP70), as an indicator of cellular stress, and energy content of Sockeye Salmon Oncorhynchus nerka throughout their upriver migration in the Pilgrim River, Alaska. Although HSP70 was elevated as fish moved to the spawning grounds and was higher in fish with low energy content, HSP70 did not increase with warmer river temperatures. We verified in an experiment that HSP70 abundance in Sockeye Salmon does respond to temperatures above 20.5°C. Over the 4 years of sampling, energy content decreased at similar rates as Sockeye Salmon moved upstream. We expected Sockeye Salmon energy levels would be lower when migrating in warmer river temperatures; however, we found higher energy levels occurred with higher temperatures in the Pilgrim River. We hypothesize that the relationship between temperature and energy content is due to river temperatures often occurring below optimal temperatures for migration. Lower temperatures could be energetically costly or reduce migration rates, both of which would result in lower energy content with cooler temperature. Understanding interactions between environmental drivers and physiological responses will help managers anticipate future changes for Sockeye Salmon at the northern edge of their distribution.
Variability of mean EURs within and between unconventional reservoirs is becoming more apparent as thousands of wells are drilled and oil and gas is produced from unconventional low-permeability reservoirs. Production from many of these reservoirs shows that there is spatial heterogeneity of EURs, which is mainly related to geologic characteristics. The more refined view of spatial heterogeneity resulting from many producing wells directly impacts the assessment of unconventional oil and gas resources through the application of more appropriate EUR distributions. The variability presented here suggests that the EURs from any one shale-oil or shale-gas accumulation should not be used as a production analog for potential shale-oil or shale-gas accumulations in frontier areas. Rather, a range of EURs utilizing several analogs is more appropriate. Shale-oil and shale-gas reservoirs were the focus of this paper, but tight-gas reservoirs and coalbed-gas reservoirs exhibit similar variation in EURs.
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Dispersal shapes demographic processes and therefore is fundamental to understanding biological, ecological, and evolutionary processes acting within populations. However, assessing population connectivity in scoters (Melanitta sp.) is challenging as these species have large spatial distributions that span remote landscapes, have varying nesting distributions (disjunct vs. continuous), exhibit unknown levels of dispersal, and vary in the timing of the formation of pair bonds (winter vs. fall/spring migration) that may influence the distribution of genetic diversity. Here, we used double‐digest restriction‐associated DNA sequence (ddRAD) and microsatellite genotype data to assess population structure within the three North American species of scoter (black scoter, M. americana; white‐winged scoter, M. deglandi; surf scoter, M. perspicillata), and between their European congeners (common scoter, M. nigra; velvet scoter, M. fusca). We uncovered no or weak genomic structure (ddRAD ΦST < 0.019; microsatellite FST < 0.004) within North America but high levels of structure among European congeners (ddRAD ΦST > 0.155, microsatellite FST > 0.086). The pattern of limited genomic structure within North America is shared with other sea duck species and is often attributed to male‐biased dispersal. Further, migratory tendencies (east vs. west) of female surf and white‐winged scoters in central Canada are known to vary across years, providing additional opportunities for intracontinental dispersal and a mechanism for the maintenance of genomic connectivity across North America. In contrast, the black scoter had relatively elevated levels of divergence between Alaska and Atlantic sites and a second genetic cluster found in Alaska at ddRAD loci was concordant with its disjunct breeding distribution suggestive of a dispersal barrier (behavioral or physical). Although scoter populations appear to be connected through a dispersal network, a small percentage (<4%) of ddRAD loci had elevated divergence which may be useful in linking areas (nesting, molting, staging, and wintering) throughout the annual cycle.
Porosity is one of the most important parameters to assess in-place oil or gas in reservoirs, and to evaluate recovery from enhanced production operations. Since it is relatively well-established to determine porosity using different laboratory and field methods, its value is usually determined at many locations across a reservoir as part of the common practice to capture reservoir heterogeneity and the variability in values. This suite of measurements and the distribution of values are most valuable for probabilistic reservoir assessments, and for spatial modeling if the exact data locations are known.
Despite the importance of individual measurements to set the range of values for probabilistic studies, it is not always possible to access these data due to confidentiality. In most cases, commercial or publicly available databases that assessments may rely on usually report only mean values of porosity, like any other reservoir data, or they may not report a value at all. This makes both quantifying the mean value and the uncertainty around it difficult for probabilistic assessments.
In this study, the TORIS (Tertiary Oil Recovery Information System) dataset of the National Petroleum Council and the U.S. Department of Energy was used to model porosity and the uncertainty around predicted values. TORIS is an integrated dataset of production data, reservoir properties, and project databases of crude oil reservoirs in the United States. The model presented in the paper was based on ANCOVA (Analysis of Co-Variance) of data from 1038 reservoirs from the TORIS dataset for porosity prediction, validation and testing for quantitative and qualitative parameters that may be readily available in most cases, and to estimate uncertainty around the mean values. This model also explored association of porosity values to different parameters, and to different depositional systems and diagenetic overprint conditions. Furthermore, an ANN (Artificial Neural Network) model was created to compare the predicted values of both models. Results showed that the ANN model was able to represent more of the variability, however it lacked the insights that might be gained from the ANCOVA model.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.petrol.2019.05.071","usgsCitation":"Karacan, C.O., 2019, An ANCOVA model for porosity and its uncertainty for oil reservoirs based on TORIS dataset: Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, 24 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.petrol.2019.05.071.","productDescription":"24 p.","ipdsId":"IP-103341","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":364378,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":364371,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S092041051930525X"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Karacan, C. Ozgen 0000-0002-0947-8241","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0947-8241","contributorId":201991,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Karacan","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"Ozgen","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":763708,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70203898,"text":"70203898 - 2019 - Ecological effects of fear: How spatiotemporal heterogeneity in predation risk influences mule deer access to forage in a sky‐island system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-08-15T12:27:26","indexId":"70203898","displayToPublicDate":"2019-06-02T10:49:14","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1467,"text":"Ecology and Evolution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ecological effects of fear: How spatiotemporal heterogeneity in predation risk influences mule deer access to forage in a sky‐island system","docAbstract":"Forage availability and predation risk interact to affect habitat use of ungulates across many biomes. Within sky‐island habitats of the Mojave Desert, increased availability of diverse forage and cover may provide ungulates with unique opportunities to extend nutrient uptake and/or to mitigate predation risk. We addressed whether habitat use and foraging patterns of female mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) responded to normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), NDVI rate of change (green‐up), or the occurrence of cougars (Puma concolor). Female mule deer used available green‐up primarily in spring, although growing vegetation was available during other seasons. Mule deer and cougar shared similar habitat all year, and our models indicated cougars had a consistent, negative effect on mule deer access to growing vegetation, particularly in summer when cougar occurrence became concentrated at higher elevations. A seemingly late parturition date coincided with diminishing NDVI during the lactation period. Sky‐island populations, rarely studied, provide the opportunity to determine how mule deer respond to growing foliage along steep elevation and vegetation gradients when trapped with their predators and seasonally limited by aridity. Our findings indicate that fear of predation may restrict access to the forage resources found in sky islands.
","language":"English","publisher":"John Wiley & Sons Ltd","doi":"10.1002/ece3.5291","usgsCitation":"Lowrey, C., Longshore, K., Choate, D.M., Nagol, J.R., Sexton, J.O., and Thompson, D.B., 2019, Ecological effects of fear: How spatiotemporal heterogeneity in predation risk influences mule deer access to forage in a sky‐island system: Ecology and Evolution, v. 9, no. 12, p. 7213-7226, https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.5291.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"7213","endPage":"7226","ipdsId":"IP-081659","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":467566,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.5291","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":437434,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9CC5E8P","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Environmental covariates at Mule deer locations within the Desert National Wildlife Refuge, Nevada, 2012-2014"},{"id":364832,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Desert National Wildlife Refuge","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -115.894775390625,\n 37.19314268101434\n ],\n [\n -115.9002685546875,\n 36.600094165941144\n ],\n [\n -115.6036376953125,\n 36.595684037179055\n ],\n [\n -115.59814453125001,\n 36.569217971443635\n ],\n [\n -115.49652099609375,\n 36.569217971443635\n ],\n [\n -115.48828125000001,\n 36.53391577198655\n ],\n [\n -115.4443359375,\n 36.53612263184686\n ],\n [\n -115.43609619140624,\n 36.507428541837264\n ],\n [\n -115.42236328124999,\n 36.50522086338427\n ],\n [\n -115.42236328124999,\n 36.48755716938576\n ],\n [\n -115.39764404296875,\n 36.511843709862454\n ],\n [\n -115.4608154296875,\n 36.58024660149866\n ],\n [\n -115.3839111328125,\n 36.586863023441836\n ],\n [\n -115.38665771484375,\n 36.681636065615216\n ],\n [\n -115.29602050781249,\n 36.686041276581925\n ],\n [\n -115.3070068359375,\n 37.201893907733826\n ],\n [\n -115.73547363281249,\n 37.204081555898526\n ],\n [\n -115.73547363281249,\n 37.19314268101434\n ],\n [\n -115.894775390625,\n 37.19314268101434\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"9","issue":"12","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-06-02","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lowrey, Chris 0000-0001-5084-7275","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5084-7275","contributorId":216375,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lowrey","given":"Chris","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":764640,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Longshore, Kathleen 0000-0001-6621-1271","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6621-1271","contributorId":216374,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Longshore","given":"Kathleen","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":764639,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Choate, David M.","contributorId":207778,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Choate","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":37455,"text":"University of Nevada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":764641,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nagol, Jyoteshwar R","contributorId":216376,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nagol","given":"Jyoteshwar","email":"","middleInitial":"R","affiliations":[{"id":7083,"text":"University of Maryland","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":764642,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sexton, Joseph O.","contributorId":191918,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sexton","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":764643,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Thompson, Daniel B.","contributorId":193518,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Thompson","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":764644,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70204164,"text":"70204164 - 2019 - Migration triggers in a large herbivore: Galapagos giant tortoises navigating resources gradients on volcanoes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-07-10T09:10:00","indexId":"70204164","displayToPublicDate":"2019-06-01T14:46:10","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1465,"text":"Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Migration triggers in a large herbivore: Galapagos giant tortoises navigating resources gradients on volcanoes","docAbstract":"To understand how migratory behavior evolved and to predict the future of migratory species in the face of global environmental change it is important to quantify intra- and inter-individual variation in migratory behavior. Intra-individual variation includes behavioral response to changing environmental conditions and hence behavioral plasticity in the context of novel conditions. Inter-individual variation determines the degree of variation on which selection can act and the rate of evolutionary response to changes in average and extreme environmental conditions. Here we focus on variation in the partial migratory behavior of Galapagos giant tortoises (Chelonoidis spp.), which exhibit high fidelity to migratory routes over many years. We evaluate the extent and mechanisms by which tortoises adjust migration timing in response to varying annual environmental conditions, integrating movement data within a bioenergetic model of tortoise migration to quantify the fitness consequences of migration timing. We find strong inter-individual variation in the timing of migration, which was not affected by environmental conditions prevailing at the time of migration but rather by marginal expectations estimated from multi-annual averaged conditions, leading to an average annual loss in efficiency of ~15% relative to optimal timing based on year-specific conditions. These results point towards a limited ability of tortoises to adjust the timing of their migrations based on prevailing (and, by extension, future) conditions, suggesting that the adaptability of tortoise migratory behavior to changing conditions is predicated more on past “normal” conditions than responsive to current, changing conditions. Our work offers insights into the level of environmental-tuning in migratory behavior and a general framework for future research across taxa.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1002/ecy.2658","usgsCitation":"Bastille-Rousseau, G., Yackulic, C.B., Gibbs, J.P., Friar, J.L., Cabrera, F., and Blake, S., 2019, Migration triggers in a large herbivore: Galapagos giant tortoises navigating resources gradients on volcanoes: Ecology, v. 100, no. 6, e02658; 11 p., https://doi.org/10.1002/ecy.2658.","productDescription":"e02658; 11 p.","ipdsId":"IP-100540","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":365396,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Ecuador","otherGeospatial":"Galapagos Islands","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -91.7578125,\n -0.4833927027896987\n ],\n [\n -91.571044921875,\n -0.9447814006873896\n ],\n [\n -90.582275390625,\n -1.345701455472609\n ],\n [\n -89.5660400390625,\n -1.4720060101903352\n ],\n [\n -89.2034912109375,\n -0.7195855745039547\n ],\n [\n -89.9285888671875,\n 0.4394488164139768\n ],\n [\n -90.8734130859375,\n 0.6591651462894632\n ],\n [\n -91.64794921875,\n 0.10986321392741416\n ],\n [\n -91.7578125,\n -0.4833927027896987\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"100","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-04-18","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bastille-Rousseau, Guillaume 0000-0001-6799-639X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6799-639X","contributorId":190877,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bastille-Rousseau","given":"Guillaume","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":40724,"text":"Cooperative Wildlife Research Laboratory and Department of Forestry, Southern Illinois University, 251 Life Science II, Mail Code 6504, Carbondale, Illinois 62901 USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":765767,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Yackulic, Charles B. 0000-0001-9661-0724 cyackulic@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9661-0724","contributorId":4662,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yackulic","given":"Charles","email":"cyackulic@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":765766,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gibbs, James P.","contributorId":102418,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gibbs","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":12623,"text":"State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":765768,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Friar, Jacqueline L.","contributorId":216849,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Friar","given":"Jacqueline","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":39531,"text":"Dept of Environmental and Forest Biology, State Univ of New York, College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, NY, 13210; Roosevelt Wild Life Station, State Univ of New York, College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, NY, 13210","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":765769,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Cabrera, Freddy","contributorId":174102,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cabrera","given":"Freddy","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":765770,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Blake, Stephen","contributorId":65339,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Blake","given":"Stephen","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12472,"text":"Max Planck Institute for Ornithology","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":30787,"text":"Saint Louis University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":765771,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70204255,"text":"70204255 - 2019 - Application of sediment end-member analysis for understanding sediment fluxes, northern Chandeleur Islands, Louisiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-07-16T14:41:07","indexId":"70204255","displayToPublicDate":"2019-06-01T14:32:32","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Application of sediment end-member analysis for understanding sediment fluxes, northern Chandeleur Islands, Louisiana","docAbstract":"We analyzed grain-size distributions (GSDs) from a time-series of sediment samples to evaluate sediment transport following anthropogenic sand-berm emplacement at the northern Chandeleur Islands, Louisiana. End-member analysis (EMA) was applied to compare the end-member (EM) GSD of a known sediment source to GSDs from surrounding environments and characterize the physical redistribution of source sediment over time. Although we successfully modeled a proxy borrow-source EM using pre-emplacement (2007-2008) datasets, this EM is not easily distinguishable from the modeled emergent-island EM, possibly because the baseline dataset did not provide the necessary sample distribution to distinguish the range of depositional environments. Comparison of post-emplacement (2012) samples from the berm and natural island with the proxy borrow-source EM suggests that this application of EMA can be a valuable tool for understanding sediment redistribution subsequent to restoration efforts, especially if the GSDs of the emplaced and naturally-occurring sediments are dissimilar and adequately sampled.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Coastal Sediments 2019—Proceedings of the 9th International Conference","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Coastal Sediments 2019 ","conferenceDate":"May 27-31, 2019","conferenceLocation":"Tampa/St. Petersburg, Florida","language":"English","publisher":"World Scientific Co. Pte. Ltd.","doi":"10.1142/9789811204487_0003","usgsCitation":"Bernier, J., Miselis, J.L., Buster, N.A., and Flocks, J.G., 2019, Application of sediment end-member analysis for understanding sediment fluxes, northern Chandeleur Islands, Louisiana, in Coastal Sediments 2019—Proceedings of the 9th International Conference, Tampa/St. Petersburg, Florida, May 27-31, 2019, p. 25-38, https://doi.org/10.1142/9789811204487_0003.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"25","endPage":"38","ipdsId":"IP-105796","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":365627,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","otherGeospatial":"Northern Chandeleur Islands","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -89.0277099609375,\n 29.58540020340835\n ],\n [\n -88.77777099609375,\n 29.58540020340835\n ],\n [\n -88.77777099609375,\n 30.063151406016434\n ],\n [\n -89.0277099609375,\n 30.063151406016434\n ],\n [\n -89.0277099609375,\n 29.58540020340835\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bernier, Julie 0000-0002-9918-5353 jbernier@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9918-5353","contributorId":3549,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bernier","given":"Julie","email":"jbernier@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":766198,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miselis, Jennifer L. 0000-0002-4925-3979 jmiselis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4925-3979","contributorId":3914,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miselis","given":"Jennifer","email":"jmiselis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":766199,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Buster, Noreen A. 0000-0001-5069-9284 nbuster@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5069-9284","contributorId":3750,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buster","given":"Noreen","email":"nbuster@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":766200,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Flocks, James G. 0000-0002-6177-7433 jflocks@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6177-7433","contributorId":816,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flocks","given":"James","email":"jflocks@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":766201,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ]}