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","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wsp345G","usgsCitation":"Meinzer, O.E., 1915, The water resources of Butte, Montana: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 345, 47 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp345G.","productDescription":"47 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":424926,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_24519.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":264418,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/0345g/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":264419,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/0345g/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","city":"Butte","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -112.46229058745008,\n 46.045829263818206\n ],\n [\n -112.60581870793132,\n 46.045829263818206\n ],\n [\n -112.60581870793132,\n 45.93584455145691\n ],\n [\n -112.46229058745008,\n 45.93584455145691\n ],\n [\n -112.46229058745008,\n 46.045829263818206\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a58e4b07f02db62eda2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Meinzer, O. 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The plan of operations was approved by the Secretary of the Interior, and a detailed statement of the work of the several branches and divisions of the Survey is presented on later pages of this report.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/ar36","usgsCitation":"Smith, G.O., 1915, Thirty-sixth annual report of the Director of the United States Geological Survey: U.S. Geological Survey Annual Report 36, 186 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ar36.","productDescription":"186 p.","numberOfPages":"188","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":278417,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ar36.jpg"},{"id":279553,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ar/36/report.pdf"}],"scale":"14000000","country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 173.0,16.916667 ], [ 173.0,71.833333 ], [ -66.95,71.833333 ], [ -66.95,16.916667 ], [ 173.0,16.916667 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"526b930de4b058918d0acc84","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, George Otis","contributorId":19538,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"George","email":"","middleInitial":"Otis","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485202,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70274522,"text":"70274522 - 1915 - Hawaiian Volcano Observatory record book 1915","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-04-15T20:46:18.047376","indexId":"70274522","displayToPublicDate":"1915-01-01T16:45:32","publicationYear":"1915","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":3,"text":"Organization Series"},"title":"Hawaiian Volcano Observatory record book 1915","docAbstract":"The Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO) record books are annual journals in which field observations of eruptive activity at Kīlauea and Mauna Loa volcanoes, on the Island of Hawaiʻi, were compiled by HVO staff for most years from 1912 through early 1966. In addition to descriptive observations, the record books also contain hundreds of annotated photographs and sketches, as well as temperature and transit measurements. When photographs are included, the camera settings and film types used are noted. The field notes, sketches, and photographs used to compile the record books provide an unparalleled record of eruptive activity and were the basis for published newspaper reports and periodic bulletins, such as the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory bulletins and The volcano letter.
HVO staff also painstakingly prepared a second copy of each early record book, virtually identical to the original, complete with photographs and sketches. The original version of the record book was kept at HVO, while the duplicate went to the Hawaiian Volcano Research Association, which was created by a group of Honolulu, Hawaiʻi, businessmen to promote HVO’s work. The Hawaiian Volcano Research Association, which dissolved decades ago, held the duplicate books in Honolulu, where they were more readily accessible to the public. After 1923, HVO stopped duplicating the books—at least, no duplicate records for subsequent years have been found. During the decade of the 1940s, preparation of the record books stopped altogether. In 1952, compilation of the record books resumed and continued, with long gaps, until early 1966. Entries in these later volumes are sparse, and these books are little more than photo albums of the episodic eruptions of Kīlauea.
The original record books were held at HVO and, later, at Hawai‘i Volcanoes National Park. In 1972, the original record books for the years 1912 through 1939 were transferred to the Bishop Museum, in Honolulu, for safekeeping. These record books are now stored in archival boxes at that institution (accession number 172.265). The duplicate set of record books held by the Hawaiian Volcano Research Association were bound into volumes at an unknown date and turned over to the U.S. Geological Survey. This set of record books, spanning 1912 through 1923, is now housed in the rare book room of the U.S. Geological Survey Library in Reston, Virginia (catalog number 220(950) H3d). The record books for 1952 through early 1966 remain in storage at HVO. After 1955, typed annotations were no longer placed in the record books, and only photographs, most with captions, were included. Although the volumes titled “Record Book” end with the 1955 volume, the photograph albums that followed are similar, and the record book designation is retained for simplicity. Note that the photographs in these albums were not all originally arranged in chronological order.
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\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW"} ,{"id":70268185,"text":"70268185 - 1915 - Hawaiian Volcano Observatory seisometric bulletins - 1915","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70268185,"text":"70268185 - 1915 - Hawaiian Volcano Observatory seisometric bulletins - 1915","indexId":"70268185","publicationYear":"1915","noYear":false,"title":"Hawaiian Volcano Observatory seisometric bulletins - 1915"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70268164,"text":"70268164 - 1913 - Hawaiian Volcano Observatory bulletins","indexId":"70268164","publicationYear":"1913","noYear":false,"title":"Hawaiian Volcano Observatory bulletins"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":70268164,"text":"70268164 - 1913 - Hawaiian Volcano Observatory bulletins","indexId":"70268164","publicationYear":"1913","noYear":false,"title":"Hawaiian Volcano Observatory bulletins"},"lastModifiedDate":"2025-06-16T18:29:33.892503","indexId":"70268185","displayToPublicDate":"1915-01-01T14:29:18","publicationYear":"1915","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":3,"text":"Organization Series"},"title":"Hawaiian Volcano Observatory seisometric bulletins - 1915","docAbstract":"The Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO) Bulletin series was an informal publication issued between the years 1913 to 1929. Individual issues contain information on volcanic and earthquake activity, volcano research, and volcano monitoring in Hawaii, and issues often included photographs, sketches, and data plots. Information on volcanic activity at other locations is also occasionally included.
The Bulletin series was published by HVO through the Hawaiian Volcano Research Association. Weekly Bulletins (initially called Reports) were issued between June 28, 1913, and July 1, 1914. Bulletins were issued monthly after July 1, 1914, though they were still named Weekly Bulletins until January 1919. Starting with the February 1919 issue, the Bulletins were named Monthly Bulletins, and they continued to be issued monthly until the series ceased in July 1929. During a single year, 1915, Seismometric Bulletins were also issued quarterly. These four issues contain summaries of seismic observations recorded by the then-nascent Whitney Laboratory of Seismology, located underground in a vault near the summit of Kīlauea.
Two of the bulletins are misnumbered:
• April 1916 volume IV no. 4 incorrectly says April 1915 volume III no. 4
• September 1916 volume IV no. 9 incorrectly says September 1916 volume VI no. 9
No abstract available.
","largerWorkTitle":"U.S. Geological Survey topographic atlas sheets","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/70273683","collaboration":"Surveyed 1887-1889 and 1897 in cooperation with the states of New York and New Jersey","usgsCitation":"Geological Survey, U., 1915, New York City and vicinity (1901, reprinted May, 1915), 1 Plate: 36.32 x 50.21 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/70273683.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 36.32 x 50.21 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":499366,"rank":4,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/70273682","text":"New York City and vicinity (1908)"},{"id":499365,"rank":3,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/70273681","text":"New York City and vicinity (1904)"},{"id":499364,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70273683/plate-1.pdf"},{"id":499363,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70273683/report-thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"62500","country":"United States","state":"New York","city":"New York City","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -74.25,\n 41\n ],\n [\n -74.25,\n 40.375\n ],\n [\n -73.67,\n 40.375\n ],\n [\n -73.67,\n 41\n ],\n [\n -74.25,\n 41\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"1901, reprinted May, 1915","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Geological Survey, U.S.","contributorId":26017,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Geological Survey","given":"U.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":954308,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70268167,"text":"70268167 - 1915 - Hawaiian Volcano Observatory bulletins - 1915","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70268167,"text":"70268167 - 1915 - Hawaiian Volcano Observatory bulletins - 1915","indexId":"70268167","publicationYear":"1915","noYear":false,"title":"Hawaiian Volcano Observatory bulletins - 1915"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70268164,"text":"70268164 - 1913 - Hawaiian Volcano Observatory bulletins","indexId":"70268164","publicationYear":"1913","noYear":false,"title":"Hawaiian Volcano Observatory bulletins"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":70268164,"text":"70268164 - 1913 - Hawaiian Volcano Observatory bulletins","indexId":"70268164","publicationYear":"1913","noYear":false,"title":"Hawaiian Volcano Observatory bulletins"},"lastModifiedDate":"2025-06-16T15:02:04.319133","indexId":"70268167","displayToPublicDate":"1915-01-01T10:55:51","publicationYear":"1915","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":3,"text":"Organization Series"},"title":"Hawaiian Volcano Observatory bulletins - 1915","docAbstract":"The Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO) Bulletin series was an informal publication issued between the years 1913 to 1929. Individual issues contain information on volcanic and earthquake activity, volcano research, and volcano monitoring in Hawaii, and issues often included photographs, sketches, and data plots. Information on volcanic activity at other locations is also occasionally included.
The Bulletin series was published by HVO through the Hawaiian Volcano Research Association. Weekly Bulletins (initially called Reports) were issued between June 28, 1913, and July 1, 1914. Bulletins were issued monthly after July 1, 1914, though they were still named Weekly Bulletins until January 1919. Starting with the February 1919 issue, the Bulletins were named Monthly Bulletins, and they continued to be issued monthly until the series ceased in July 1929. During a single year, 1915, Seismometric Bulletins were also issued quarterly. These four issues contain summaries of seismic observations recorded by the then-nascent Whitney Laboratory of Seismology, located underground in a vault near the summit of Kīlauea.
Two of the bulletins are misnumbered:
• April 1916 volume IV no. 4 incorrectly says April 1915 volume III no. 4
• September 1916 volume IV no. 9 incorrectly says September 1916 volume VI no. 9
No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"AAAS","doi":"10.1126/science.42.1088.630","usgsCitation":"Smith, G.O., 1915, Plain writing: Science, v. 42, no. 1088, p. 630-632, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.42.1088.630.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"630","endPage":"632","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":480474,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://zenodo.org/record/2344477","text":"External Repository"},{"id":221213,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"42","issue":"1088","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7b9ae4b0c8380cd79517","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, G. O.","contributorId":49329,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":360238,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":33919,"text":"b611 - 1915 - Guidebook of the western United States: Part A - The northern Pacific route, with a side trip to Yellowstone Park","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-07-12T18:11:09.255754","indexId":"b611","displayToPublicDate":"1915-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1915","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":306,"text":"Bulletin","code":"B","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"611","title":"Guidebook of the western United States: Part A - The northern Pacific route, with a side trip to Yellowstone Park","docAbstract":"The United States of America comprise an area so vast in extent and so diverse in natural features as well as in characters due to human agency that the American citizen who knows thoroughly his own country must have traveled widely and observed wisely. To 'know America first' is a patriotic obligation, but to meet this obligation the railroad traveler needs to have his eyes directed toward the more important or essential things within his field of vision and then to have much that he sees explained by what is unseen in the swift passage of the train. Indeed, many things that attract his attention are inexplicable except as the story of the past is available to enable him to interpret the present. Herein lie the value and the charm of history, whether human or geologic.\r\n\r\nThe present stimulus given to travel in the home country will encourage many thousands of Americans to study geography at first hand. To make this study most profitable the traveler needs a handbook that will answer the questions that come to his mind so readily along the way. Furthermore, the aim of such a guide should be to stimulate the eye in the selection of the essentials in the scene that so rapidly unfolds itself in the crossing of the continent. In recognition of the opportunity afforded in 1915 to render service of this kind to an unusually large number of American citizens, as well as to visitors from other countries, the United States Geological Survey has prepared a series of guidebooks covering four of the older railroad routes west of the Mississippi.\r\n\r\nThese books are educational in purpose, but the method adopted is to entertain the traveler by making more interesting what he sees from the car window. The plan of the series is to present authoritative information that may enable the reader to realize adequately the scenic and material resources of the region he is traversing, to comprehend correctly the basis of its development, and above all to appreciate keenly the real value of the country he looks out upon, not as so many square miles of territory represented on the map in a railroad folder by meaningless spaces, but rather as land - real estate, if you please - varying widely in present appearance because differing largely in its history, and characterized by even greater variation in values because possessing diversified natural resources. One region may be such as to afford a livelihood for only a pastoral people; another may present opportunity for intensive agriculture; still another may contain hidden stores of mineral wealth that may attract large industrial development; and, taken together, these varied resources afford the promise of long-continued prosperity for this or that State.\r\n\r\nItems of interest in civic development or references to significant epochs in the record of discovery and settlement may be interspersed with explanations of mountain and valley or statements of geologic history. In a broad way the story of the West is a unit, and every chapter should be told in order to meet fully the needs of the tourist who aims to understand all that he sees. To such a traveler-reader this series of guidebooks is addressed.\r\n\r\nTo this interpretation of our own country the United States Geological Survey brings the accumulated data of decades of pioneering investigation, and the present contribution is only one type of return to the public which has supported this scientific work under the Federal Government.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Guidebook of the western United States","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/b611","usgsCitation":"Campbell, M., 1915, Guidebook of the western United States: Part A - The northern Pacific route, with a side trip to Yellowstone Park: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 611, 212 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/b611.","productDescription":"212 p.","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":92486,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/0611/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":163349,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/0611/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":416827,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_93489.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -93,\n 48.5\n ],\n [\n -123.0158,\n 48.5\n ],\n [\n -123.0158,\n 44\n ],\n [\n -93,\n 44\n ],\n [\n -93,\n 48.5\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b28e4b07f02db6b13f5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Campbell, Marius R.","contributorId":103337,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Campbell","given":"Marius R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":212171,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70011066,"text":"70011066 - 1915 - Solubility of magnesium carbonate in natural waters","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-23T17:22:56.910778","indexId":"70011066","displayToPublicDate":"1915-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1915","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2519,"text":"Journal of the American Chemical Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Solubility of magnesium carbonate in natural waters","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"ACS Publications","doi":"10.1021/ja02172a007","usgsCitation":"Wells, R.C., 1915, Solubility of magnesium carbonate in natural waters: Journal of the American Chemical Society, v. 37, p. 1704-1707, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja02172a007.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"1704","endPage":"1707","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":480473,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://zenodo.org/record/1566852","text":"External Repository"},{"id":221021,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"37","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9245e4b08c986b319dd9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wells, R. C.","contributorId":101300,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wells","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360200,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70011023,"text":"70011023 - 1915 - Solubility of mixtures of sodium and potassium chlorides in solutions of hydrochloric acid","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-28T14:46:21","indexId":"70011023","displayToPublicDate":"1915-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1915","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2519,"text":"Journal of the American Chemical Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Solubility of mixtures of sodium and potassium chlorides in solutions of hydrochloric acid","docAbstract":"[No abstract available]","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of the American Chemical Society","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Chemical Society","doi":"10.1021/ja02169a013","issn":"00027863","usgsCitation":"Hicks, W., 1915, Solubility of mixtures of sodium and potassium chlorides in solutions of hydrochloric acid: Journal of the American Chemical Society, v. 37, no. 4, p. 844-847, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja02169a013.","startPage":"844","endPage":"847","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":480475,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://zenodo.org/record/2394860","text":"External Repository"},{"id":268580,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja02169a013"},{"id":221723,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"37","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9246e4b08c986b319ddf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hicks, W.B.","contributorId":40250,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hicks","given":"W.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360102,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":4771,"text":"wsp345B - 1915 - Ground water for irrigation in the vicinity of Enid, Oklahoma, with a note on ground water for irrigation on the Great Plains","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":4771,"text":"wsp345B - 1915 - Ground water for irrigation in the vicinity of Enid, Oklahoma, with a note on ground water for irrigation on the Great Plains","indexId":"wsp345B","publicationYear":"1915","noYear":false,"chapter":"B","title":"Ground water for irrigation in the vicinity of Enid, Oklahoma, with a note on ground water for irrigation on the Great Plains"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":1444,"text":"wsp345 - 1915 - Contributions to the hydrology of the United States, 1914","indexId":"wsp345","publicationYear":"1915","noYear":false,"title":"Contributions to the hydrology of the United States, 1914"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":1444,"text":"wsp345 - 1915 - Contributions to the hydrology of the United States, 1914","indexId":"wsp345","publicationYear":"1915","noYear":false,"title":"Contributions to the hydrology of the United States, 1914"},"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-24T21:18:11.383957","indexId":"wsp345B","displayToPublicDate":"1915-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1915","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"345","chapter":"B","title":"Ground water for irrigation in the vicinity of Enid, Oklahoma, with a note on ground water for irrigation on the Great Plains","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wsp345B","usgsCitation":"Schwennesen, A., and Meinzer, O.E., 1915, Ground water for irrigation in the vicinity of Enid, Oklahoma, with a note on ground water for irrigation on the Great Plains: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 345, 13 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp345B.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"11","endPage":"23","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":422349,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_24517.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":264416,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/0345b/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":264417,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/0345b/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oklahoma","city":"Enid","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -98.107,\n 36.589\n ],\n [\n -98.107,\n 36.243\n ],\n [\n -97.643,\n 36.243\n ],\n [\n -97.643,\n 36.589\n ],\n [\n -98.107,\n 36.589\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ab0e4b07f02db66dbbf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schwennesen, A.T.","contributorId":83511,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwennesen","given":"A.T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":149739,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Meinzer, O. E.","contributorId":10020,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meinzer","given":"O.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":887469,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70179606,"text":"70179606 - 1914 - Progress report on stream measurement work carried on in cooperation with the United States Geological Survey: Section in Ninth biennial report of the State Engineer to the governor of Utah: 1913-1914","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-24T11:07:45","indexId":"70179606","displayToPublicDate":"2016-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1914","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5276,"text":"Utah State Engineer Biennial Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":2}},"seriesNumber":"9","title":"Progress report on stream measurement work carried on in cooperation with the United States Geological Survey: Section in Ninth biennial report of the State Engineer to the governor of Utah: 1913-1914","docAbstract":"Utah, like other states in the arid region of the United States, points with just pride to her present and future agricultural developments. She proudly boasts, and no doubt justly too, that her fields of green vegetation are inexhaustible and always expanding, and with due vigilance and care on the part of her land holders these fields will bring forth the proper supplies for man for an indefinite period. But, like her neighboring sister states on the east, west, north, and south, she realizes that the precipitation over her lands, as a general rule, is insufficient for the growing and maturing of crops. As a result, her principal lands can only be made to bear crops through the assistance of irrigation. In all irrigation, next to the land itself, the most important factor to be considered is the water supply.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ninth biennial report of the State Engineer to the governor of Utah: 1913-1914","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"The Arrow Press, Tribune-Reporter Printing Co","publisherLocation":"Salt Lake City UT","usgsCitation":"Porter, E., 1914, Progress report on stream measurement work carried on in cooperation with the United States Geological Survey: Section in Ninth biennial report of the State Engineer to the governor of Utah: 1913-1914: Utah State Engineer Biennial Report 9, 15 p.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"66","endPage":"80","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":332926,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":333768,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.waterrights.utah.gov/cgi-bin/libview.exe?Modinfo=Viewpub&LIBNUM=50-1-354","text":"Full Text of Biennial Report"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"586f69c3e4b01a71ba0bc925","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Porter, E.A.","contributorId":69529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Porter","given":"E.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":657846,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":2211,"text":"wsp350 - 1914 - Profile surveys in Bear River basin, Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-27T13:42:14","indexId":"wsp350","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T07:00:00","publicationYear":"1914","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"350","title":"Profile surveys in Bear River basin, Idaho","docAbstract":"Bear River rises on the northern slope of the Uinta Mountains, in\nthe northeastern part of Utah, and after a circuitous course in\nwhich it leaves Utah and enters Wyoming, Utah, and Wyoming in\nturn and makes a long detour in Idaho it returns to Utah and finally\ndischarges its waters into Great Salt Lake. The maximum elevation\nof the upper rim of the basin is 13,000 feet above sea level.\nThe upper part of the basin comprises a rough, broken country,\nwell drained by numerous short streams, most of which are confined\nto steep, narrow canyons. The streams are fed by many small springs\nand by the melting of the snow which forms the greater part of the\nprecipitation. The rocks of the extreme headwater region are chiefly\nsandstones and quartzites and are covered with a thin layer of soil\nthat supports scattered groves of fir and aspen. A few small lakes\nlie near the head of the river.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/wsp350","collaboration":"Prepared under the direction of R. B. Marshall, Chief Geographer","usgsCitation":"Marshall, R.B., 1914, Profile surveys in Bear River basin, Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 350, Report: 7 p.; Plate 1: 19.50 inches x 18.09 inches; Plate 2: 19.50 inches x 18.14 inches; Plate 3: 19.50 inches x 18.15 inches; Plate 4: 19.50 inches x 18.13 inches; Plate 5: 19.50 inches x 18.15 inches; Plate 6: 19.50 inches x 17.99 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp350.","productDescription":"Report: 7 p.; Plate 1: 19.50 inches x 18.09 inches; Plate 2: 19.50 inches x 18.14 inches; Plate 3: 19.50 inches x 18.15 inches; Plate 4: 19.50 inches x 18.13 inches; Plate 5: 19.50 inches x 18.15 inches; Plate 6: 19.50 inches x 17.99 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":279589,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/wsp350"},{"id":137826,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/0350/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":27905,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/0350/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":247142,"rank":406,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/0350/plate-1_a.pdf","size":"1582","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":247143,"rank":407,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/0350/plate-1_b.pdf","size":"1420","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":247144,"rank":408,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/0350/plate-1_c.pdf","size":"1741","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":247145,"rank":409,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/0350/plate-1_d.pdf","size":"1126","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":247146,"rank":410,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/0350/plate-1_e.pdf","size":"1269","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":247147,"rank":411,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/0350/plate-1_f.pdf","size":"1069","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"state":"Idaho","otherGeospatial":"Bear River Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -111.95,41.79 ], [ -111.95,42.27 ], [ -111.75,42.27 ], [ -111.75,41.79 ], [ -111.95,41.79 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae5e4b07f02db68a62c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Marshall, Robert Bradford","contributorId":106469,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marshall","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"Bradford","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":144830,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":2214,"text":"wsp347 - 1914 - Profile surveys in Snake River basin, Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-11-22T12:01:08","indexId":"wsp347","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T07:00:00","publicationYear":"1914","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"347","title":"Profile surveys in Snake River basin, Idaho","docAbstract":"Snake River, the largest tributary of the Columbia, rises among\nthe high peaks of the Rocky Mountains in Yellowstone National\nPark, heading in the divide from which streams flow northward and\neastward into the Missouri, southward to the Colorado and the lakes\nof the Great Basin, and westward to the Columbia. 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Off.,","doi":"10.3133/b557","usgsCitation":"Marshall, R.B., 1914, Results of spirit leveling in the state of Washington, 1896 to 1913, inclusive: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 557, 178 p. :pl. ;24 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/b557.","productDescription":"178 p. :pl. ;24 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":93073,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/0557/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":167571,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/0557/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a19e4b07f02db60562a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Marshall, Robert Bradford","contributorId":106469,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marshall","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"Bradford","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":214091,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":35151,"text":"b551 - 1914 - Results of triangulation and primary traverse, 1911 and 1912","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:46","indexId":"b551","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1914","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":306,"text":"Bulletin","code":"B","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"551","title":"Results of triangulation and primary traverse, 1911 and 1912","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O.,","doi":"10.3133/b551","usgsCitation":"Marshall, R.B., 1914, Results of triangulation and primary traverse, 1911 and 1912: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 551, 396 p. :1 ill., 1 folded col. map ;24 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/b551.","productDescription":"396 p. :1 ill., 1 folded col. map ;24 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":93155,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/0551/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":164937,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/0551/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a18e4b07f02db604b29","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Marshall, Robert Bradford","contributorId":106469,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marshall","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"Bradford","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":214164,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":36278,"text":"b574 - 1914 - Mining districts of the Dillon quadrangle, Montana, and adjacent areas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:38","indexId":"b574","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1914","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":306,"text":"Bulletin","code":"B","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"574","title":"Mining districts of the Dillon quadrangle, Montana, and adjacent areas","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Govt. 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Off.,","doi":"10.3133/b574","usgsCitation":"Winchell, A.N., 1914, Mining districts of the Dillon quadrangle, Montana, and adjacent areas: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 574, 191 p. :ill., maps, plates ;24 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/b574.","productDescription":"191 p. :ill., maps, plates ;24 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":93814,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/0574/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":167431,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/0574/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db699d44","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Winchell, Alexander Newton","contributorId":9329,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winchell","given":"Alexander","email":"","middleInitial":"Newton","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":216057,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":35074,"text":"b553 - 1914 - Results of spirit leveling in Illinois, 1911 to 1913, inclusive","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:38","indexId":"b553","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1914","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":306,"text":"Bulletin","code":"B","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"553","title":"Results of spirit leveling in Illinois, 1911 to 1913, inclusive","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Govt. Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/b553","usgsCitation":"Marshall, R.B., 1914, Results of spirit leveling in Illinois, 1911 to 1913, inclusive: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 553, 110 p. :pl. ;24 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/b553.","productDescription":"110 p. :pl. ;24 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":93068,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/0553/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":167434,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/0553/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b15e4b07f02db6a4c47","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Marshall, Robert Bradford","contributorId":106469,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marshall","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"Bradford","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":214074,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":39449,"text":"pp86 - 1914 - The Transportation of Debris by Running Water","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-03T09:12:07","indexId":"pp86","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1914","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"86","title":"The Transportation of Debris by Running Water","docAbstract":"Scope.-The finer debris transported by a stream is borne in suspension. The coarser is swept along the channel bed. The suspended load is readily sampled and estimated, and much is known as to its quantity. The bed load is inaccessible and we are without definite information as to its amount. The primary purpose of the investigation was to learn the laws which control the movement of bed load, and especially to determine how the quantity of load is related to the stream's slope and discharge and to the degree of comminution of the debris.\r\n\r\nMethod.-To this end a laboratory was equipped at Berkeley, Cal., and experiments were performed in which each of the three conditions mentioned was separately varied and the resulting variations of load were observed and measured. Sand and gravel were sorted by sieves into grades of uniform size. Determinate discharges were used. In each experiment a specific load was fed to a stream of specific width and discharge, and measurement was made of the slope to which the stream automatically adjusted its bed so as to enable the current to transport the load.\r\n\r\nThe slope factor.-For each combination of discharge, width, and grade of debris there is a slope, called competent slope, which limits transportation. With lower slopes there is no load, or the stream has no capacity for load. With higher slopes capacity exists; and increase of slope gives increase of capacity. The value of capacity is approximately proportional to a power of the excess of slope above competent slope. If S equal the stream's slope and sigma equal competent slope, then the stream's capacity varies as (S - sigma)n. This is not a deductive, but an empiric law. The exponent n has not a fixed value, but an indefinite series of values depending on conditions. Its range of values in the experience of the laboratory is from 0.93 to 2.37, the values being greater as the discharges are smaller or the debris is coarser.\r\n\r\nThe discharge factor.-For each combination of width, slope, and grade of debris there is a competent discharge, k. Calling the stream's discharge Q, the stream's capacity varies as (Q - k)o. The observed range of values for o is from 0.81 to 1.24, the values being greater as the slopes are smaller or the debris is coarser. Under like conditions o is less than n; or, in other words, capacity is less sensitive to change3 of discharge than to changes of slope.\r\n\r\nThe fineness factor.-For each combination of width, slope, and discharge there is a limiting fineness of debris below which no transportation takes place. Calling fineness (or degree of comminution) F and competent fineness o, the stream's capacity varies with (F - o)p. The observed range of values for p is from 0.50 to 0.62, the values being greater as slopes and discharges are smaller. Capacity is less sensitive to changes in fineness of debris than to changes in discharge or slope.\r\n\r\nThe form factor.-Most of the experiments were with straight channels. A few with crooked channels yielded nearly the same estimates of capacity. The ratio of depth to width is a more important factor. For any combination of slope, discharge, and fineness it is possible to reduce capacity to zero by making the stream very wide and shallow or very narrow and deep. Between these extremes is a particular ratio of depth to width, p, corresponding to a maximum capacity. The values of p range, under laboratory conditions, from 0.5 to 0.04, being greater as slope, discharge, and fineness are less.\r\n\r\nVelocity.-The velocity which determines capacity for bed load is that near the stream's bed, but attempts to measure bed velocity were not successful. Mean velocity was measured instead. To make a definite comparison between capacity and mean velocity it is necessary to postulate constancy in some accessory condition. If slope be the constant, in which case velocity changes with discharge, capacity varies on the average with the 3.2 power of velocity. If discharge be the constant, in w","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/pp86","collaboration":"Bases on experiments made with the assistance of Edward Charles Murphy","usgsCitation":"Gilbert, G.K., and Murphy, E.C., 1914, The Transportation of Debris by Running Water: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 86, Report: 263 p.; 3 Plates, https://doi.org/10.3133/pp86.","productDescription":"Report: 263 p.; 3 Plates","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":165130,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0086/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":22044,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0086/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abce4b07f02db6735cc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gilbert, Grove Karl","contributorId":84798,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gilbert","given":"Grove","email":"","middleInitial":"Karl","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":221468,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Murphy, Edward Charles","contributorId":90286,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murphy","given":"Edward","email":"","middleInitial":"Charles","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":221469,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}