To accurately estimate per turbine – or per megawatt – annual wildlife mortality at wind facilities, the raw counts of carcasses found must be adjusted for four major sources of imperfect detection: (1) fatalities that occur outside the monitoring period; (2) carcasses that land outside the monitored area; (3) carcasses that are removed by scavengers or deteriorate beyond recognition prior to detection; and (4) carcasses that remain undiscovered by searchers even when present. To accurately estimate regional or national annual wildlife mortality, data must come from a representative (or appropriately weighted) sample of facilities for which estimates of mortality account for all sources of imperfect detection. I argue that the currently available data in the United States and much of the world do not represent the impacts of wind power on wildlife because not all facilities conduct monitoring studies, not all study results are publicly available, and few studies adequately account for imperfect detection. I present examples illustrating the limitations of our current data and pitfalls of interpreting data without accurately adjusting for detection bias. I close by proposing a solution through a simplified monitoring process that can be applied at every facility as part of normal operations. Application of an unbiased estimator that accounts for all sources of imperfect detection would assure comparability of mortality estimates. Public access to reported estimates would achieve representation. With these data we could develop a clearer understanding of how wind power is affecting wildlife throughout the world and inform our efforts to address it.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wind energy and wildlife impacts","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/978-3-030-05520-2_2","usgsCitation":"Huso, M.M., 2019, Wildlife mortality at wind facilities: How we know what we know how we might mislead ourselves, and how we set our future course, chap. of Wind energy and wildlife impacts, p. 27-41, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-05520-2_2.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"27","endPage":"41","ipdsId":"IP-100725","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":363427,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-03-26","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Huso, Manuela M. 0000-0003-4687-6625 mhuso@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4687-6625","contributorId":150012,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huso","given":"Manuela","email":"mhuso@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":761532,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70203999,"text":"70203999 - 2019 - Agricultural chemical concentrations and loads in rivers draining the Central Valley, California: Before, during, and after an extended drought","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-06-28T10:21:37","indexId":"70203999","displayToPublicDate":"2019-03-26T09:38:01","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"17","title":"Agricultural chemical concentrations and loads in rivers draining the Central Valley, California: Before, during, and after an extended drought","docAbstract":"Drought or near drought conditions persisted in California from 2012 through 2016, followed by a high precipitation year in 2017. Long-term water quality monitoring of two key river stations, the Sacramento River at Freeport and the San Joaquin River near Vernalis, located within the largely agricultural Central Valley, allow for an examination of pesticide concentrations and mass loading. Daily models were constructed using an estimation procedure that links mean daily streamflow with pesticide concentration monitoring and time. There were 13 different pesticides and three degradation products modeled, including herbicides, fungicides, and insecticides. Not all pesticides were detected at each river site. There were eight pesticides modeled for the Sacramento River and fourteen for the San Joaquin River. Collectively, there were 16 models for these two sites that showed decreasing trends, 5 with increasing, and 1 with no trend. Mass loads of the modeled compounds increased in 2017 because of the high river discharge. Most pesticides had measured or modeled concentrations that were below acute and chronic toxicity benchmarks. One exception was the neonicotinoid insecticide imidacloprid, which had an increasing trend in concentration with levels that exceeded chronic toxicity thresholds for invertebrates, especially after 2015. The use of some pesticides decreased during this period of time which partly explains the decreasing concentration trends. However, some pesticides had increased useage but with decreasing river concentration. The preponderance of negative trends in concentration of most pesticides suggested that lack of rainfall during the drought resulted in less transport from treated fields to the streams.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Pesticides in surface water: Monitoring, modeling, risk assessment, and management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Chemical Society","doi":"10.1021/bk-2019-1308.ch017","isbn":"9780841234109","usgsCitation":"Domagalski, J.L., 2019, Agricultural chemical concentrations and loads in rivers draining the Central Valley, California: Before, during, and after an extended drought, chap. 17 of Pesticides in surface water: Monitoring, modeling, risk assessment, and management, v. 1308, p. 333-364, https://doi.org/10.1021/bk-2019-1308.ch017.","productDescription":"32 p.","startPage":"333","endPage":"364","ipdsId":"IP-099113","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science 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\"}}]}","volume":"1308","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-03-26","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Domagalski, Joseph L. 0000-0002-6032-757X joed@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6032-757X","contributorId":1330,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Domagalski","given":"Joseph","email":"joed@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":765163,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70223316,"text":"70223316 - 2019 - Parallel signatures of selection at genomic islands of divergence and the major histocompatibility complex in ecotypes of sockeye salmon across Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-23T14:04:19.351883","indexId":"70223316","displayToPublicDate":"2019-03-26T08:59:48","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2774,"text":"Molecular Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Parallel signatures of selection at genomic islands of divergence and the major histocompatibility complex in ecotypes of sockeye salmon across Alaska","docAbstract":"Understanding the genetic mechanisms that facilitate adaptive radiation is an important component of evolutionary biology. Here, we genotyped 82 neutral SNPs, seven SNPs in islands of divergence identified in a previous study (island SNPs), and a region of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) in 32 populations of sockeye salmon to investigate whether conserved genes and genomic regions are involved in adaptive radiation. Populations representing three ecotypes were sampled from seven drainages with differing habitats and colonization histories spanning a range of 2,000 km. We found strong signatures of parallel selection across drainages at the island SNPs and MHC, suggesting that the same loci undergo divergent selection during adaptive radiation. However, patterns of differentiation at most island SNPs and the MHC were not associated with ecotypes, suggesting that these loci are responding differently to a mosaic of selective pressures. Our study provides some of the first evidence that conserved genomic islands may be involved in adaptive divergence of salmon populations. Additionally, our data provide further support for the hypothesis that sockeye salmon inhabiting rivers unconnected to lakes harbour similar genetic diversity across large distances, are likely the ancestral form of the species, and have repeatedly recolonized lake systems as they have become available after glacial recession. Finally, our results highlight the value and importance of validating outlier loci by screening additional populations and regions, a practice that will hopefully become more common in the future.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/mec.15082","usgsCitation":"Larson, W., Dann, T.H., Limborg, M., McKinney, G.J., Seeb, J., and Seeb, L., 2019, Parallel signatures of selection at genomic islands of divergence and the major histocompatibility complex in ecotypes of sockeye salmon across Alaska: Molecular Ecology, v. 28, no. 9, p. 2254-2271, https://doi.org/10.1111/mec.15082.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"2254","endPage":"2271","ipdsId":"IP-101772","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":388345,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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Tracking and communicating the spread of these species has been of interest to ecologists and environmental managers for many years, particularly in the bi-national Laurentian Great Lakes of North America. In this paper, we introduce the Great Lakes Aquatic Nonindigenous Species\nInformation System (GLANSIS) Map Explorer. The Map Explorer provides access to records of documented nonindigenous species and their spatial distributions. Users may view the distributions of well-known nonindigenous species (such as zebra mussels) as well as perform custom queries. Additional map layers allow users to compare the distribution of nonindigenous species to environmental conditions. This tool serves to communicate knowledge to diverse stakeholder groups and to enable further in-depth research on nonindigenous species.","language":"English","publisher":"REABIC","doi":"10.3391/mbi.2019.10.1.12","usgsCitation":"Smith, J.P., Lower, E.K., Martinez, F.A., Riseng, C.M., Mason, L.A., Rutherford, E.S., Neilson, M.E., Fuller, P., Wehrly, K.E., and Sturtevant, R.A., 2019, Interactive mapping of nonindigenous species in the Laurentian Great Lakes: Management of Biological Invasions, v. 10, no. 1, p. 192-199, https://doi.org/10.3391/mbi.2019.10.1.12.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"192","endPage":"199","ipdsId":"IP-098288","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":460431,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3391/mbi.2019.10.1.12","text":"Publisher Index 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E.","contributorId":214526,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wehrly","given":"Kevin","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":36986,"text":"Michigan Department of Natural Resources","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":760124,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Sturtevant, Rochelle A.","contributorId":214527,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sturtevant","given":"Rochelle","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":39063,"text":"Michigan Sea Grant Extenstion, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":760125,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":70217865,"text":"70217865 - 2019 - Plant richness and composition in hardwood forest understories vary along an acidic deposition and soil-chemical gradient in the northeastern United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-08T13:44:49.586893","indexId":"70217865","displayToPublicDate":"2019-03-26T07:40:52","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3089,"text":"Plant and Soil","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Plant richness and composition in hardwood forest understories vary along an acidic deposition and soil-chemical gradient in the northeastern United States","docAbstract":"A century of atmospheric deposition of sulfur and nitrogen has acidified soils and undermined the health and recruitment of foundational tree species in the northeastern US. However, effects of acidic deposition on the forest understory plant communities of this region are poorly documented. We investigated how forest understory plant species composition and richness varied across gradients of acidic deposition and soil acidity in the Adirondack Mountains of New York State.
We surveyed understory vegetation and soils in hardwood forests on 20 small watersheds and built models of community composition and richness as functions of soil chemistry, nitrogen and sulfur deposition, and other environmental variables.
Community composition varied significantly with gradients of acidic deposition, soil acidity, and base cation availability (63% variance explained). Several species increased with soil acidity while others decreased. Understory plant richness decreased significantly with increasing soil acidity (r = 0.60). The best multivariate regression model to predict richness (p < 0.001, adjusted-R2 = 0.60) reflected positive effects of pH and carbon-to-nitrogen ratio (C:N).
The relationship we found between understory plant communities and a soil-chemical gradient, suggests that soil acidification can reduce diversity and alter the composition of these communities in northern hardwood forests exposed to acidic deposition.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s11104-019-04031-y","usgsCitation":"Zarfos, M.R., Dovciak, M., Lawrence, G.B., McDonnell, T.C., and Sullivan, T.J., 2019, Plant richness and composition in hardwood forest understories vary along an acidic deposition and soil-chemical gradient in the northeastern United States: Plant and Soil, v. 438, p. 461-477, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-019-04031-y.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"461","endPage":"477","ipdsId":"IP-088565","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":467778,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-019-04031-y","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":383090,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","otherGeospatial":"northeast New York","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -73.3447265625,\n 44.99588261816546\n ],\n [\n -75.1025390625,\n 44.902577996288876\n ],\n [\n -76.3330078125,\n 44.15068115978094\n ],\n [\n -74.92675781249999,\n 43.739352079154706\n ],\n [\n -74.0478515625,\n 43.42100882994726\n ],\n [\n -73.564453125,\n 43.42100882994726\n ],\n [\n -73.3447265625,\n 44.99588261816546\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"438","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-03-26","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zarfos, Michael R. 0000-0002-2902-4773","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2902-4773","contributorId":196724,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zarfos","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":809971,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dovciak, Martin","contributorId":196723,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dovciak","given":"Martin","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":809972,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lawrence, Gregory B. 0000-0002-8035-2350 glawrenc@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8035-2350","contributorId":867,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lawrence","given":"Gregory","email":"glawrenc@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":809973,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McDonnell, Todd C.","contributorId":127622,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McDonnell","given":"Todd","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":7087,"text":"Scientist, E&S Environmental Chemistry Inc, Corvallis OR","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":809974,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sullivan, Timothy J.","contributorId":196720,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sullivan","given":"Timothy","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":809975,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70228028,"text":"70228028 - 2019 - Survival outcome patterns revealed by deploying advanced tags in quantity: Pacific halibut (Hippoglossus stenolepis) survivals after release from trawl catches through expedited sorting","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-03T16:45:43.861763","indexId":"70228028","displayToPublicDate":"2019-03-25T10:38:08","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1169,"text":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Survival outcome patterns revealed by deploying advanced tags in quantity: Pacific halibut (Hippoglossus stenolepis) survivals after release from trawl catches through expedited sorting","title":"Survival outcome patterns revealed by deploying advanced tags in quantity: Pacific halibut (Hippoglossus stenolepis) survivals after release from trawl catches through expedited sorting","docAbstract":"Bycatch of Pacific halibut (Hippoglossus stenolepis) limits many trawl fisheries in Alaska and greatly concerns stakeholders from local communities and fisheries that rely on Pacific halibut. To reduce Pacific halibut mortality, trawlers in the Bering Sea that target flatfish have been developing expedited release procedures to sort Pacific halibut from catches earlier than current regulations allow, while continuing accurate bycatch accounting. We studied survival rates of released Pacific halibut from three trawlers by deploying accelerometer-equipped pop-up satellite archival tags (PSATs) on 160 fish handled under expedited procedures. PSATs recorded and transmitted two metrics indicating swimming activity every 2 h while attached to the fish (for up to 60 days). Analysis of the resulting survival outcomes largely validated current survival-estimation methods, based on structured viability assessments, and found that longer fish length, shorter duration of air exposure, and shorter duration of trawl tow improved predicted Pacific halibut survival. Differences in these results were detected among vessel trips and species targeted by trawling. PSATs provided detailed data from nearly all tagged fish, while exposing fish to conditions experienced by normal releases.
","language":"English","publisher":"Canadian Science Publishing","doi":"10.1139/cjfas-2018-0350","usgsCitation":"Rose, C.S., Nielsen, J.K., Gauvin, J., Loher, T., Sethi, S., Seitz, A., Courtney, M.B., and Drobny, P., 2019, Survival outcome patterns revealed by deploying advanced tags in quantity: Pacific halibut (Hippoglossus stenolepis) survivals after release from trawl catches through expedited sorting: Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 76, no. 12, p. 2215-2224, https://doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2018-0350.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"2215","endPage":"2224","ipdsId":"IP-096693","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":501092,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1807/96367","text":"External Repository"},{"id":395363,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"76","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rose, Craig S.","contributorId":274347,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rose","given":"Craig","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":56600,"text":"FishNext Research","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":832922,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nielsen, Julie K.","contributorId":274348,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nielsen","given":"Julie","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":56603,"text":"Kingfisher Marine Research","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":832923,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gauvin, John","contributorId":274349,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gauvin","given":"John","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":56604,"text":"Alaska Seafood Cooperative","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":832924,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Loher, Tim","contributorId":274350,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Loher","given":"Tim","affiliations":[{"id":56605,"text":"International Pacific Halibut Commission","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":832925,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sethi, Suresh 0000-0002-0053-1827 ssethi@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0053-1827","contributorId":191424,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sethi","given":"Suresh","email":"ssethi@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":832921,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Seitz, Andrew C.","contributorId":274351,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Seitz","given":"Andrew C.","affiliations":[{"id":6752,"text":"University of Alaska Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":832926,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Courtney, Michael B.","contributorId":274352,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Courtney","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":6752,"text":"University of Alaska Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":832927,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Drobny, Paige","contributorId":274353,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Drobny","given":"Paige","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":56606,"text":"Spearfish Research","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":832928,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70215324,"text":"70215324 - 2019 - Status and trends of prey fish populations in Lake Michigan, 2018","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-16T15:11:31.57633","indexId":"70215324","displayToPublicDate":"2019-03-25T10:09:21","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":7577,"text":"Annual Report","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":4}},"title":"Status and trends of prey fish populations in Lake Michigan, 2018","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey Great Lakes Science Center has conducted lake-wide surveys of the fish community in Lake Michigan each fall since 1973 using standard 12 m bottom trawls towed along contour at depths of 9 to 110 m at each of seven index transects. The survey provides relative abundance and biomass estimates between the 5 m and 114 m depth contours of the lake for prey fish populations, as well as for burbot and yellow perch. The resulting data are used to estimate various population parameters that are in turn used by state and tribal agencies in managing Lake Michigan fish stocks. All seven established index transects of the survey were completed in 2018, although depths 64 m and greater offshore of Frankfort could not be completed due to excessive dreissenid mussel biomass on our multiple tow attempts. Mean biomass of alewives in 2018 was estimated at 0.54 kg/ha, which was the highest value since 2013, but still only 6.7% of the long-term average (7.96 kg/ha). Age distribution of alewives remained truncated with no alewife age exceeding 5 years. Bloater biomass was 2.60 kg/ha in 2018, relatively unchanged from 2017, but still only 14% of the long-term average. Round goby biomass was 1.25 kg/ha in 2018, the 3rd largest estimate in the time series and 62% higher than the average since they were first sampled in 2003. Rainbow smelt biomass was 0.45 kg/ha, which was the highest since 2006 but only 21% of the long-term average. Likewise, deepwater sculpin biomass was 1.30 kg/ha in 2018, which was the highest since 2007 but only 20% of the long-term average. Slimy sculpin biomass was only 0.07 kg/ha in 2018, and similar to the very low levels estimated since 2012 and only 17% of the long-term average. Ninespine stickleback remained very rare in 2018 (0.004 kg/ha), and only 1% of the long-term average. Overall, the total prey fish biomass (sum of alewife, bloater, rainbow smelt, deepwater sculpin, slimy sculpin, round goby, and ninespine stickleback) in 2018 was 6.22 kg/ha, roughly 65% greater than in 2017 but still only 17% of the long-term average. With respect to other species of interest, burbot biomass was only 0.04 kg/ha in 2018 (18% of the long-term average) and no age-0 yellow perch were caught in 2018, indicating a weak year-class.","language":"English","publisher":"Great Lakes Fishery Commission","usgsCitation":"Bunnell, D.B., Madenjian, C.P., Desorcie, T.J., Dieter, P., and Adams, J.V., 2019, Status and trends of prey fish populations in Lake Michigan, 2018: Annual Report, 17 p.","productDescription":"17 p.","ipdsId":"IP-106561","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":385158,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":385157,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.glfc.org/lake-michigan-committee.php"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Lake Michigan","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n 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45.99314540468519\n ],\n [\n -85.726318359375,\n 45.98932892799953\n ],\n [\n -85.84716796875,\n 45.98932892799953\n ],\n [\n -85.9405517578125,\n 45.97406038956237\n ],\n [\n -85.9954833984375,\n 46.0007775685566\n ],\n [\n -86.165771484375,\n 45.97406038956237\n ],\n [\n -86.28662109375,\n 45.96260622242165\n ],\n [\n -86.3525390625,\n 45.90147732739488\n ],\n [\n -86.36352539062499,\n 45.82114340079471\n ],\n [\n -86.495361328125,\n 45.79050946752472\n ],\n [\n -86.6436767578125,\n 45.69083283645816\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bunnell, David B. 0000-0003-3521-7747","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3521-7747","contributorId":216540,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bunnell","given":"David","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":801720,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Madenjian, Charles P. 0000-0002-0326-164X cmadenjian@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0326-164X","contributorId":2200,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Madenjian","given":"Charles","email":"cmadenjian@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":801721,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Desorcie, Timothy J. 0000-0002-9965-1668 tdesorcie@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9965-1668","contributorId":3672,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Desorcie","given":"Timothy","email":"tdesorcie@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":801722,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dieter, Patricia 0000-0003-1686-2679","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1686-2679","contributorId":217345,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dieter","given":"Patricia","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":801723,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Adams, Jean V. 0000-0002-9101-068X jvadams@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9101-068X","contributorId":3140,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adams","given":"Jean","email":"jvadams@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":801724,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70227036,"text":"70227036 - 2019 - Plasticity in elk migration timing is a response to changing environmental conditions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-28T15:44:48.74344","indexId":"70227036","displayToPublicDate":"2019-03-25T09:39:33","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1837,"text":"Global Change Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Plasticity in elk migration timing is a response to changing environmental conditions","docAbstract":"Migration is an effective behavioral strategy for prolonging access to seasonal resources and may be a resilient strategy for ungulates experiencing changing climatic conditions. In the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem (GYE), elk are the primary ungulate, with approximately 20,000 individuals migrating to exploit seasonal gradients in forage while also avoiding energetically costly snow conditions. How climate-induced changes in plant phenology and snow accumulation are influencing elk migration timing is unknown. We present the most complete record of elk migration across the GYE, spanning 9 herds and 414 individuals from 2001 to 2017, to evaluate the drivers of migration timing and test for temporal shifts. The timing of elk departure from winter range involved a trade-off between current and anticipated forage conditions, while snow melt governed summer range arrival date. Timing of elk departure from summer range and arrival on winter range were both influenced by snow accumulation and exposure to hunting. At the GYE scale, spring and fall migration timing changed through time, most notably with winter range arrival dates becoming almost 50 days later since 2001. Predicted herd-level changes in migration timing largely agreed with observed GYE-wide changes—except for predicted winter range arrival dates which did not reflect the magnitude of change detected in the elk telemetry data. Snow melt, snow accumulation, and spring green-up dates all changed through time, with different herds experiencing different rates and directions of change. We conclude that elk migration is plastic, is a direct response to environmental cues, and that these environmental cues are not changing in a consistent manner across the GYE. The impacts of changing elk migration timing on predator–prey dynamics, carnivore–livestock conflict, disease ecology, and harvest management across the GYE are likely to be significant and complex.
The historical record of volcanic activity at Kīlauea Volcano on the Island of Hawaiʻi begins with the phreatomagmatic blasts of 1790. Three decades later, in 1823, the first party of non-Hawaiian visitors, organized by the English Reverend William Ellis, reached Kīlauea’s summit. A detailed narrative by Ellis includes an account of an eruption in Kīlauea’s Southwest Rift Zone that occurred shortly before his visit. In the absence of other source materials, the interval between the eruptions of 1790 and 1823 has been overlooked by geologists working at Kīlauea, with the presumption that little if anything took place volcanically outside of the summit caldera during that time. Careful stratigraphic observations combined with radiocarbon dating demonstrate that during these years a set of Southwest Rift Zone eruptions took place, including two that were long-lasting (weeks to months). Inclusion of these events gives a more complete historical (post-1790) record for Kīlauea and a better understanding of its eruptive behavior.
Contact HVO
Volcano Science Center, Hawaiian Volcano Observatory
U.S. Geological Survey
P.O. Box 51, 1 Crater Rim Road
Hawaiʻi Volcanoes National Park, HI 96718-0051
Coseismic slip partitioning and uplift over multiple earthquake cycles is critical to understanding upper‐plate fault development. Bathymetric and seismic reflection data from the 1964 Mw9.2 Great Alaska earthquake rupture area reveal sea floor scarps along the tsunamigenic Patton Bay/Cape Cleare/Middleton Island fault system. The faults splay from a megathrust where duplexing and underplating produced rapid exhumation. Trenchward of the duplex region, the faults produce a complex deformation pattern from oblique, south‐directed shortening at the Yakutat‐Pacific plate boundary. Spatial and temporal fault patterns suggest that Holocene megathrust earthquakes had similar relative motions and thus similar tsunami sources as in 1964. Tsunamis during future earthquakes will likely produce similar run‐up patterns and travel times. Splay fault surface expressions thus relate to plate boundary conditions, indicating millennial‐scale persistence of this asperity. We suggest structure of the subducted slab directly influences splay fault and tsunami generation landward of the frontal subduction zone prism.
Impermanence is an ecological principle1 but there are times when changes occur nonlinearly as abrupt community shifts (ACSs) that transform the ecosystem state and the goods and services it provides2. Here, we present a model based on niche theory3 to explain and predict ACSs at the global scale. We test our model using 14 multi-decadal time series of marine metazoans from zooplankton to fish, spanning all latitudes and the shelf to the open ocean. Predicted and observed fluctuations correspond, with both identifying ACSs at the end of the 1980s4,5,6,7 and 1990s5,8. We show that these ACSs coincide with changes in climate that alter local thermal regimes, which in turn interact with the thermal niche of species to trigger long-term and sometimes abrupt shifts at the community level. A large-scale ACS is predicted after 2014—unprecedented in magnitude and extent—coinciding with a strong El Niño event and major shifts in Northern Hemisphere climate. Our results underline the sensitivity of the Arctic Ocean, where unprecedented melting may reorganize biological communities5,9, and suggest an increase in the size and consequences of ACS events in a warming world.
","language":"English","publisher":"Nature","doi":"10.1038/s41558-019-0420-1","usgsCitation":"Beaugrand, G., Conversi, A., Atkinson, A., Cloern, J., Chiba, S., Fonda-Umani, S., Kirby, R., Greene, C., Goberville, E., Otto, S., Reid, P., Stemmann, L., and Edwards, M., 2019, Prediction of unprecedented biological shifts in the global ocean: Nature Climate Change, v. 9, p. 237-243, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-019-0420-1.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"237","endPage":"243","ipdsId":"IP-085095","costCenters":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":467781,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://hal.sorbonne-universite.fr/hal-02189417","text":"External Repository"},{"id":354481,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"9","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-02-25","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Beaugrand, G.","contributorId":205183,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Beaugrand","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":37043,"text":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Laboratoire d’Océanologie et de Géosciences’ UMR LOG CNRS 8187, Station Marine, Université des Sciences et Technologies de Lille 1 - Lille 1 BP 80, 62930 Wimereux, France","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":736310,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Conversi, A.","contributorId":205184,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Conversi","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":37044,"text":"Marine Institute, Plymouth University, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, UK","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":736311,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Atkinson, A.","contributorId":205185,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Atkinson","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":37045,"text":"Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Prospect Place, The Hoe, Plymouth PL13DH, UK","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":736312,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cloern, James","contributorId":26181,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cloern","given":"James","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":736309,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Chiba, S.","contributorId":205186,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chiba","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":37046,"text":"RCGC, JAMSTEC, 3173-25 Showa-machi, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, 236-0001 Japan","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":736313,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Fonda-Umani, S.","contributorId":205187,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fonda-Umani","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":37047,"text":"Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, v. Giorgieri, 10, 34127 Trieste, Italy","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":736314,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Kirby, R.R.","contributorId":205188,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kirby","given":"R.R.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":37048,"text":"Marine Biological Association, The Laboratory, Citadel Hill, The Hoe, Plymouth, PL1 2PB, UK","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":736315,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Greene, C.H.","contributorId":205189,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Greene","given":"C.H.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":37049,"text":"Ocean Resources and Ecosystems Program, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-1504, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":736316,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Goberville, E.","contributorId":205191,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Goberville","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":37043,"text":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Laboratoire d’Océanologie et de Géosciences’ UMR LOG CNRS 8187, Station Marine, Université des Sciences et Technologies de Lille 1 - Lille 1 BP 80, 62930 Wimereux, France","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":736318,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Otto, S.A.","contributorId":205192,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Otto","given":"S.A.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":37051,"text":"Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Kräftriket 2B,SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":736319,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Reid, P.C.","contributorId":205193,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Reid","given":"P.C.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":37052,"text":"SAHFOS, Sir Alister Hardy Foundation for Ocean Science, The Laboratory, Citadel Hill, The Hoe, Plymouth PL1 2PB, UK","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":736320,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Stemmann, L.","contributorId":205194,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stemmann","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":37053,"text":"Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR 7093, LOV, Observatoire océanologique, F-06230, Villefranche/mer, France","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":736321,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Edwards, M.","contributorId":205196,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Edwards","given":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":37052,"text":"SAHFOS, Sir Alister Hardy Foundation for Ocean Science, The Laboratory, Citadel Hill, The Hoe, Plymouth PL1 2PB, UK","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":736323,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13}]}} ,{"id":70202868,"text":"70202868 - 2019 - Invasive buffelgrass detection using high-resolution satellite and UAV imagery on Google Earth Engine","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-03T09:36:40","indexId":"70202868","displayToPublicDate":"2019-03-23T13:29:03","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5347,"text":"Remote Sensing in Ecology and Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Invasive buffelgrass detection using high-resolution satellite and UAV imagery on Google Earth Engine","docAbstract":"Methods to detect and monitor the spread of invasive grasses are critical to avoid ecosystem transformations and large economic costs. The rapid spread of non‐native buffelgrass(Pennisetum ciliare) has intensified fire risk and is replacing fire intolerant native vegetation in the Sonoran Desert of the southwestern US. Coarse‐resolution satellite imagery has had limited success in detecting small patches of buffelgrass, whereas ground‐based and aerial survey methods are often cost prohibitive. To improve detection, we trained 2 m resolution DigitalGlobe WorldView‐2 satellite imagery with 12 cm resolution unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) imagery and classified buffelgrass on Google Earth Engine, a cloud computing platform, using Random Forest (RF) models in Saguaro National Park, Arizona, USA. Our classification models had an average overall accuracy of 93% and producer's accuracies of 94–96% for buffelgrass, although user's accuracies were low. We detected a 2.92 km2 area of buffelgrass in the eastern Rincon Mountain District (1.07% of the total area) and a 0.46 km2 area (0.46% of the total area) in the western Tucson Mountain District of Saguaro National Park. Buffelgrass cover was significantly greater in the Sonoran Paloverde‐Mixed Cacti Desert Scrub vegetation type, on poorly developed Entisols and Inceptisol soils and on south‐facing topographic aspects compared to other areas. Our results demonstrate that high‐resolution imagery improve on previous attempts to detect and classify buffelgrass and indicate potential areas where the invasive grass might spread. The methods demonstrated in this study could be employed by land managers as a low‐cost strategy to identify priority areas for control efforts and continued monitoring.
","language":"English","publisher":"Zoological Society of London","doi":"10.1002/rse2.116","usgsCitation":"Elkind, K., Sankey, T.T., Munson, S.M., and Aslan, C.E., 2019, Invasive buffelgrass detection using high-resolution satellite and UAV imagery on Google Earth Engine: Remote Sensing in Ecology and Conservation, v. 5, no. 4, p. 318-331, https://doi.org/10.1002/rse2.116.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"318","endPage":"331","ipdsId":"IP-099999","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":467782,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/rse2.116","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":362657,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Rincon Mountain District ,Tucson Mountain 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\"}}]}","volume":"5","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-03-23","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Elkind, Kaitlyn","contributorId":214593,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Elkind","given":"Kaitlyn","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":39080,"text":"School of Informatics, Computing, and Cyber Systems, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":760341,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sankey, Temuulen T.","contributorId":173297,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sankey","given":"Temuulen","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":7202,"text":"NAU","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":760342,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Munson, Seth M. 0000-0002-2736-6374 smunson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2736-6374","contributorId":1334,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Munson","given":"Seth","email":"smunson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":411,"text":"National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":760340,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Aslan, Clare E.","contributorId":214594,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Aslan","given":"Clare","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":39081,"text":"Landscape Conservation Initiative, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":760343,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70228865,"text":"70228865 - 2019 - Plague management of prairie dog colonies: Degree and duration of deltamethrin flea control","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-23T16:25:30.616899","indexId":"70228865","displayToPublicDate":"2019-03-23T10:20:25","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2489,"text":"Journal of Vector Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Plague management of prairie dog colonies: Degree and duration of deltamethrin flea control","docAbstract":"Plague is a flea-borne disease of mammalian hosts. On the grasslands of western North America, plague stifles populations of Cynomys spp. prairie dogs (PDs). To manage plague, PD burrows are treated with 0.05% deltamethrin dust that can suppress flea numbers and plague transmission. Here, we evaluate the degree and duration of deltamethrin flea control with three PD species at six sites across four U.S. states. Data were simultaneously collected at paired plots. Burrows from one randomly assigned member of each pair were treated with deltamethrin; non-treated plots served as experimental baselines. Flea control was strong ≤two months after treatment, remained moderate one year later, and was statistically detectable for up to two years at some sites. Flea abundance was lower in plots with higher rates of deltamethrin application. After burrow treatments, flea abundance increased over time, reaching >one per PD within 255 to 352 days. Nevertheless, annual treatments of burrows with deltamethrin provided PDs with substantial protection against plague. Even so, deltamethrin should be further evaluated and combined with other tools under an integrated approach to plague management. Integrated plague management should help to conserve PDs and species that associate with them, including the endangered black-footed ferret (Mustela nigripes).
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/jvec.12327","usgsCitation":"Eads, D.A., and Biggins, D.E., 2019, Plague management of prairie dog colonies: Degree and duration of deltamethrin flea control: Journal of Vector Ecology, v. 44, no. 1, p. 40-47, https://doi.org/10.1111/jvec.12327.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"40","endPage":"47","ipdsId":"IP-103576","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":467783,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jvec.12327","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":437529,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9AWK322","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Data on the Degree and Duration of Deltamethrin Flea Control on Prairie Dog Colonies in Montana, South Dakota, and Utah, 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\"}}]}","volume":"44","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-05-23","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eads, David Austin 0000-0002-4247-017X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4247-017X","contributorId":279909,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Eads","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"Austin","affiliations":[{"id":6621,"text":"Colorado State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":835725,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Biggins, Dean E. 0000-0003-2078-671X bigginsd@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2078-671X","contributorId":2522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Biggins","given":"Dean","email":"bigginsd@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":835726,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70202752,"text":"70202752 - 2019 - Regeneration of Metrosideros polymorpha forests in Hawaii after landscape‐level canopy dieback","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-25T08:24:25","indexId":"70202752","displayToPublicDate":"2019-03-22T15:47:47","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2490,"text":"Journal of Vegetation Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Regeneration of Metrosideros polymorpha forests in Hawaii after landscape‐level canopy dieback","title":"Regeneration of Metrosideros polymorpha forests in Hawaii after landscape‐level canopy dieback","docAbstract":"Questions
(a) Have Metrosideros polymorpha trees become re‐established in Hawaiian forests previously impacted by canopy dieback in the 1970s? (b) Has canopy dieback expanded since the 1970s? (c) Can spatial patterns from this dieback be correlated with habitat factors to model future dieback in this area?
Study Site
An 83,603 ha study area on the eastern slopes of Mauna Loa and Mauna Kea volcanoes on the island of Hawaii, USA.
Methods
We analyzed very‐high‐resolution imagery to assess status of Metrosideros polymorphaforests across the eastern side of the island of Hawaii. We generated 1,170 virtual vegetation plots with a 100‐m radius; 541 plots in areas mapped in 1977 with trees dead or mostly defoliated (dieback), and 629 plots in adjacent wet forest habitat, previously mapped as non‐dieback condition. In each plot we estimated the frequency of M. polymorpha trees that were dead or mostly defoliated, and the frequency of trees with healthy crowns. These results were combined with habitat data to produce a spatial model depicting probability of canopy dieback within the study area.
Results
Seventy‐nine percent of plots mapped in 1977 in dieback condition recovered their canopy and were now considered in non‐dieback condition. Ninety‐one percent of plots in previous non‐dieback areas were found to still have a healthy M. polymorpha canopy in 2015. A spatial model allowed us to identify areas within the study area with high, medium, and low probability of experiencing this same type of canopy dieback in the future.
Conclusions
Most former dieback areas mapped within the study area in 1977 now show recovery of the tree canopy through growth of new cohorts of young M. polymorpha trees. This suggests these forest communities are resilient to this type of canopy loss and tree death so long as other factors do not disrupt the natural regeneration process.
Most wildlife professionals are engaged in 1 or both of 2 basic endeavors: science and management. These endeavors are a focus of many other disciplines, leading to widespread sharing of general methodologies. Wildlife professionals have appropriately borrowed and assimilated many methods developed primarily in other disciplines but have also led the development of one class of quantitative methods, those that confront and incorporate uncertainty. Uncertainty arises in counts of focal entities, for which wildlife professionals have developed effective methods to deal with the common problems of nondetection and misclassification. These methods have been borrowed by disciplines as varied as paleobiology, medicine, human epidemiology, industrial quality control, military target acquisition, remote sensing, and human census. Uncertainty also arises in the modeling of those counts, specifically the observation and ecological processes that generated them. Wildlife professionals recognized the fundamental importance of model selection and rapidly assimilated methods for selecting the most appropriate model for a given data set. These methods for dealing with uncertainty inherent to counting and modeling are critical to the conduct of science and management. Wildlife professionals have developed additional methods for incorporating uncertainty in the accumulation of knowledge and the development of optimal decisions in an environment of learning. In some cases, professionals in other disciplines are using methods developed and popularized in the wildlife profession, but there is much potential for greater use. In this essay, I describe these areas of wildlife leadership, document their assimilation by other disciplines, and emphasize the potential for more interdisciplinary use of these methods.
","language":"English","publisher":"The Wildlife Society","doi":"10.1002/jwmg.21630","usgsCitation":"Nichols, J.D., 2019, Confronting uncertainty: Contributions of the wildlife profession to the broader scientific community: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 83, no. 3, p. 519-533, https://doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.21630.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"519","endPage":"533","ipdsId":"IP-101830","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":362289,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"83","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":10,"text":"Baltimore PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-01-10","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nichols, James D. 0000-0002-7631-2890 jnichols@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7631-2890","contributorId":200533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"James","email":"jnichols@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":759785,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70202745,"text":"70202745 - 2019 - Environmental DNA as a tool to help inform zebra mussel, Dreissena polymorpha, management in inland lakes ","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-25T08:31:48","indexId":"70202745","displayToPublicDate":"2019-03-22T15:30:29","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2655,"text":"Management of Biological Invasions","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Environmental DNA as a tool to help inform zebra mussel, Dreissena polymorpha, management in inland lakes ","title":"Environmental DNA as a tool to help inform zebra mussel, Dreissena polymorpha, management in inland lakes ","docAbstract":"Zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha) are an aquatic invasive species that plague much of North America and are difficult to impossible to eradicate once they become established. Therefore, prevention and monitoring are key elements in the control of these organisms. Traditional microscopy is commonly used in monitoring but requires the presence of larval veligers. This limits the times when resource managers can monitor for the presence in northern lakes. A new monitoring tool, environmental DNA (eDNA), may allow for a more efficient and cost-effective monitoring program for zebra mussels. We developed and tested an environmental DNA assay in the fall and spring for zebra mussels in two Minnesota lakes, one heavily infested and another newly infested. We found that DNA copy numbers tended to be higher near the lake bottom and DNA was more concentrated in softer substrates. We also found that the amount of zebra mussel DNA sampling in winter resulted in similar results to when sampled in fall. This suggests that one could collect and analyze eDNA for zebra mussels during winter months to help inform future efforts in monitoring and control.
","language":"English","publisher":"Regional Euro-Asian Biological Invasions Centre (REABIC)","doi":"10.3391/mbi.2019.10.1.06","usgsCitation":"Amberg, J., Merkes, C.M., Stott, W., Rees, C., and Erickson, R.A., 2019, Environmental DNA as a tool to help inform zebra mussel, Dreissena polymorpha, management in inland lakes : Management of Biological Invasions, v. 10, no. 1, p. 96-110, https://doi.org/10.3391/mbi.2019.10.1.06.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"96","endPage":"110","ipdsId":"IP-087357","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":467784,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3391/mbi.2019.10.1.06","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":362288,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","otherGeospatial":"Lake Le Homme Dieu, Maple Lake","volume":"10","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":15,"text":"Madison PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Amberg, Jon 0000-0002-8351-4861 jamberg@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8351-4861","contributorId":149785,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Amberg","given":"Jon","email":"jamberg@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":759780,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Merkes, Christopher M. 0000-0001-8191-627X cmerkes@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8191-627X","contributorId":139516,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Merkes","given":"Christopher","email":"cmerkes@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":759781,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stott, Wendylee 0000-0002-5252-4901 wstott@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5252-4901","contributorId":191249,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stott","given":"Wendylee","email":"wstott@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":759782,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rees, Christopher B.","contributorId":196308,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rees","given":"Christopher B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":759783,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Erickson, Richard A. 0000-0003-4649-482X rerickson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4649-482X","contributorId":5455,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Erickson","given":"Richard","email":"rerickson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":759784,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70202751,"text":"70202751 - 2019 - North-south dipole in winter hydroclimate in the western United States during the last deglaciation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-25T08:35:00","indexId":"70202751","displayToPublicDate":"2019-03-22T15:27:07","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3358,"text":"Scientific Reports","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"North-south dipole in winter hydroclimate in the western United States during the last deglaciation","docAbstract":"During the termination of the last glacial period the western U.S. experienced exceptionally wet conditions, driven by changes in location and strength of the mid-latitude winter storm track. The distribution of modern winter precipitation is frequently characterized by a north-south wet/dry dipole pattern, controlled by interaction of the storm track with ocean-atmosphere conditions over the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans. Here we show that a dipole pattern of similar geographic extent persisted and switched sign during millennial-scale abrupt climate changes of the last deglaciation, based on a new lake level reconstruction for pluvial Lake Chewaucan (northwestern U.S.), and a compilation of regional paleoclimate records. This suggests the dipole pattern is robust, and one mode may be favored for centuries, thereby creating persistent contrasting wet/dry conditions across the western U.S. The TraCE-21k climate model simulation shows an equatorward enhancement of winter storm track activity in the northeastern Pacific, favoring wet conditions in southwestern U.S. during the second half of Heinrich Stadial 1 (16.1–14.6 ka) and consistent with paleoclimate evidence. During the Bølling/Allerød (14.6–12.8 ka), the northeastern Pacific storm track contracted poleward, consistent with wetter conditions concentrated poleward toward the northwest U.S.
","language":"English","publisher":"Nature","doi":"10.1038/s41598-019-41197-y","usgsCitation":"Hudson, A.M., Hatchett, B.J., Quade, J., Boyle, D.P., Bassett, S.D., Ali, G., and De los Santos, M.G., 2019, North-south dipole in winter hydroclimate in the western United States during the last deglaciation: Scientific Reports, v. 9, p. 1-12, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-41197-y.","productDescription":"Article number: 4826, 12 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"12","ipdsId":"IP-097821","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":467785,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-41197-y","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":362287,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"9","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-03-18","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hudson, Adam M. 0000-0002-3387-9838 ahudson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3387-9838","contributorId":195419,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hudson","given":"Adam","email":"ahudson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":759808,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hatchett, Benjamin J. 0000-0003-1066-3601","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1066-3601","contributorId":214405,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hatchett","given":"Benjamin","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":39033,"text":"Division of Atmospheric Sciences, Desert Research Institute, Reno, Nevada, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":759809,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Quade, Jay","contributorId":22108,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Quade","given":"Jay","affiliations":[{"id":7042,"text":"University of Arizona","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":759810,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Boyle, Douglas P.","contributorId":195421,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Boyle","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":759811,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bassett, Scott D.","contributorId":214406,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bassett","given":"Scott","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":39034,"text":"Department of Geography, University of Nevada-Reno, Reno, Nevada, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":759812,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ali, Guleed","contributorId":195420,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ali","given":"Guleed","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":759813,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"De los Santos, Marie G.","contributorId":195424,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"De los Santos","given":"Marie","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":759814,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70202761,"text":"70202761 - 2019 - The effectiveness of non-native fish removal techniques in freshwater ecosystems: a systematic review","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-25T13:48:37","indexId":"70202761","displayToPublicDate":"2019-03-22T13:44:40","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5056,"text":"Environmental Reviews","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The effectiveness of non-native fish removal techniques in freshwater ecosystems: a systematic review","docAbstract":"In aquatic systems, biological invasions can result in adverse ecological effects. Management techniques available for non-native fish removal programs (including eradication and population size control) vary widely, but include chemicals, harvest regimes, physical removal, or biological control. For management agencies, deciding on what non-native fish removal program to use has been challenging because there is little reliable information about the relative effectiveness of these measures in controlling or eradicating non-native fish. We conducted a systematic review, including a critical appraisal of study validity, to assess the effectiveness of different non-native fish removal methods, and to identify the factors that influence the overall success rate of each type of method. We found 95 relevant studies, generating 158 data sets. The evidence base was dominated by poorly documented studies with inadequate experimental designs (76% of removal projects). When the management goal was non-native fish eradication, chemical treatments were relatively successful (antimycin 75%; rotenone 89%) compared to other interventions. Electrofishing and passive removal measure studies indicated successful eradication was possible (58% each respectively) but required intensive effort and multiple treatments over a number of years. Of these studies with sufficient information, electrofishing had the highest success for population size control (56% of data sets). Overall, inadequate data quality and completeness severely limited our ability to make strong conclusions about the relationships between non-native fish abundance and different methods of eradication and population control, and the factors influencing the overall success rate of each method. Our review highlights that there is considerable scope for improving our evaluations of non-native fish removal methods. It is recommended that programs should have explicitly stated objectives, better data reporting, and study designs that (when possible and appropriate) incorporate replicated and controlled investigations with rigorous, long-term quantitative monitoring. Future research on the effectiveness of non-native fish removal methods should focus on: (1) the efficacy of existing or potentially new removal measures in larger, more complex environments; (2) a broader range of removal measures in general, and (3) phenotypic characteristics of individual fish within a population that fail to be eradicated or controlled.","language":"English","publisher":"NRC Research Press","doi":"10.1139/er-2018-0049","usgsCitation":"Rytwinski, T., Taylor, J.J., Donaldson, L.A., Britton, J.R., Browne, D.R., Gresswell, R.E., Lintermans, M., Prior, K.A., Pellatt, M.G., Vis, C., and Cooke, S., 2019, The effectiveness of non-native fish removal techniques in freshwater ecosystems: a systematic review: Environmental Reviews, v. 27, no. 1, p. 71-94, https://doi.org/10.1139/er-2018-0049.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"71","endPage":"94","numberOfPages":"24","ipdsId":"IP-100065","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":467786,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"text":"External Repository"},{"id":362303,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"27","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rytwinski, Trina","contributorId":214426,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rytwinski","given":"Trina","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":759889,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Taylor, Jessica J.","contributorId":214427,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Taylor","given":"Jessica","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":759890,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Donaldson, Lisa A.","contributorId":214428,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Donaldson","given":"Lisa","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":759891,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Britton, J. Robert","contributorId":214429,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Britton","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Robert","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":759892,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Browne, David R.","contributorId":214430,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Browne","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":759893,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Gresswell, Robert E. 0000-0003-0063-855X bgresswell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0063-855X","contributorId":152031,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gresswell","given":"Robert","email":"bgresswell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":759894,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Lintermans, Mark","contributorId":214431,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lintermans","given":"Mark","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":759895,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Prior, Kent A.","contributorId":214432,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Prior","given":"Kent","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":759896,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Pellatt, Marlow G.","contributorId":214433,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pellatt","given":"Marlow","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":759897,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Vis, Chantal","contributorId":214434,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vis","given":"Chantal","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":759898,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Cooke, Steven J.","contributorId":56132,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cooke","given":"Steven J.","affiliations":[{"id":36574,"text":"Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":759899,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}} ,{"id":70203927,"text":"70203927 - 2019 - Aquatic macroinvertebrate community responses to wetland mitigation in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-06-21T11:29:27","indexId":"70203927","displayToPublicDate":"2019-03-22T11:17:34","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1696,"text":"Freshwater Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Aquatic macroinvertebrate community responses to wetland mitigation in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem","docAbstract":"1. Wetlands are critical components of freshwater biodiversity and provide ecosystem services, but human activities have resulted in large-scale loss of these habitats across the globe. To offset this loss, mitigation wetlands are frequently constructed, but their ability to replicate the functions of natural wetlands remains uncertain. Further, monitoring of mitigation wetlands is limited and often focused exclusively on vegetation and physical characteristics.
2. Wetland fauna are assumed to be present if suitable habitat restoration is achieved, but this assumption is rarely tested. We used the macroinvertebrate community as a proxy for wetland function to compare created mitigation wetlands, natural wetlands impacted but not destroyed by road construction activity, and unimpacted reference wetlands along a highway corridor in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem. Unlike most other studies of invertebrate communities in created wetlands which have occurred in warm climates, our study area has a cold temperate climate with short growing seasons.
3. We estimated macroinvertebrate taxonomic richness and used linear models to test for effects of wetland design features (wetland age, isolation, depth, vegetation, size, and pH) on invertebrate richness. We also used non-metric multidimensional scaling to examine differences in community composition among wetland types and used indicator species analysis to determine which taxa were causing observed differences.
4. Taxonomic richness of macroinvertebrates was lower in created wetlands than impacted or reference wetlands, whereas richness was similar in impacted and reference wetlands. Wetland age was positively correlated with taxonomic richness. The amount of aquatic vegetation in wetlands had the greatest influence on taxonomic richness, so that recently created wetlands with little vegetation had the simplest invertebrate communities. Community composition of invertebrates in created wetlands also differed from community composition in reference and impacted wetlands. Most notably, created wetlands lacked some passive dispersers that were common in other wetland types, although we found no relationship between taxonomic richness and wetland isolation.
5. Overall, constructed wetlands had diminished and altered macroinvertebrate communities relative to reference and impacted wetlands, suggesting that longer times may be required for wetland mitigation projects in cold temperate climates to attain full functionality.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/fwb.13276","usgsCitation":"SWARTZ, L.K., Hossack, B.R., Muths, E.L., Newell, R.L., and Lowe, W.H., 2019, Aquatic macroinvertebrate community responses to wetland mitigation in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem: Freshwater Biology, v. 64, p. 942-953, https://doi.org/10.1111/fwb.13276.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"942","endPage":"953","ipdsId":"IP-098009","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":364893,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Togwotee Pass","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -110.50735473632812,\n 43.875128129336716\n ],\n [\n -110.52520751953125,\n 43.79092385423618\n ],\n [\n -109.62570190429688,\n 43.48082639482503\n ],\n [\n -109.53643798828125,\n 43.574421623084234\n ],\n [\n -110.14480590820312,\n 43.875128129336716\n ],\n [\n -110.48126220703125,\n 43.916691089303114\n ],\n [\n -110.49774169921875,\n 43.916691089303114\n ],\n [\n -110.50735473632812,\n 43.875128129336716\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"64","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-03-22","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"SWARTZ, LEAH K. 0000-0003-2315-8727","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2315-8727","contributorId":216428,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"SWARTZ","given":"LEAH","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":36523,"text":"University of Montana","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":764741,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hossack, Blake R. 0000-0001-7456-9564 blake_hossack@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7456-9564","contributorId":1177,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hossack","given":"Blake","email":"blake_hossack@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":764740,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Muths, Erin L. 0000-0002-5498-3132 muthse@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5498-3132","contributorId":1260,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muths","given":"Erin","email":"muthse@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":764742,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Newell, Robert L.","contributorId":146452,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Newell","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":16698,"text":"Wilderness Research Institute, 790 East Beckwith Avenue, Missoul","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":764743,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lowe, Winsor H.","contributorId":146455,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lowe","given":"Winsor","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":5084,"text":"Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":764744,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70202741,"text":"70202741 - 2019 - Pesticides and pollinators: A socioecological synthesis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-25T08:38:04","indexId":"70202741","displayToPublicDate":"2019-03-22T10:58:56","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3352,"text":"Science of the Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Pesticides and pollinators: A socioecological synthesis","docAbstract":"The relationship between pesticides and pollinators, while attracting no shortage of attention from scientists, regulators, and the public, has proven resistant to scientific synthesis and fractious in matters of policy and public opinion. This is in part because the issue has been approached in a compartmentalized and intradisciplinary way, such that evaluations of organismal pesticide effects remain largely disjoint from their upstream drivers and downstream consequences. Here, we present a socioecological framework designed to synthesize the pesticide-pollinator system and inform future scholarship and action. Our framework consists of three interlocking domains-pesticide use, pesticide exposure, and pesticide effects–each consisting of causally linked patterns, processes, and states. We elaborate each of these domains and their linkages, reviewing relevant literature and providing empirical case studies. We then propose guidelines for future pesticide-pollinator scholarship and action agenda aimed at strengthening knowledge in neglected domains and integrating knowledge across domains to provide decision support for stakeholders and policymakers. Specifically, we emphasize (1) stakeholder engagement, (2) mechanistic study of pesticide exposure, (3) understanding the propagation of pesticide effects across levels of organization, and (4) full-cost accounting of the externalities of pesticide use and regulation. Addressing these items will require transdisciplinary collaborations within and beyond the scientific community, including the expertise of farmers, agrochemical developers, and policymakers in an extended peer community.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.01.016","usgsCitation":"Sponsler, D.B., Grozinger, C.M., Hitaj, C., , R., Botias, C., Code, A., Lonsdorf, E.V., Melthapoulos, A.P., Smith, D.J., Suryanarayanan, S., Thogmartin, W.E., Williams, N.M., Zhang, M., and Douglas, M.R., 2019, Pesticides and pollinators: A socioecological synthesis: Science of the Total Environment, v. 662, p. 1012-1027, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.01.016.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"1012","endPage":"1027","ipdsId":"IP-101260","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":467787,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.01.016","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":362277,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"662","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":15,"text":"Madison PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sponsler, Douglas B.","contributorId":214373,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sponsler","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":7260,"text":"Pennsylvania State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":759747,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Grozinger, Christina M.","contributorId":214374,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Grozinger","given":"Christina","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":7260,"text":"Pennsylvania State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":759748,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hitaj, Claudia","contributorId":214375,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hitaj","given":"Claudia","affiliations":[{"id":36658,"text":"U.S. Department of Agriculture","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":759749,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":" Rundlof 0000-0003-3014-1544","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3014-1544","contributorId":214376,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"given":"Rundlof","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":35357,"text":"Lund University, Sweden","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":759750,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Botias, Cristina 0000-0002-3891-9931","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3891-9931","contributorId":214377,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Botias","given":"Cristina","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":39026,"text":"Consejería de Agricultura de la Junta de Comunidades de Castilla-La Mancha, Marchamalo, Spain","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":759751,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Code, Aimee","contributorId":214378,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Code","given":"Aimee","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":39027,"text":"Xerces Society for Invertebrate Conservation","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":759752,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Lonsdorf, Eric V.","contributorId":149495,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lonsdorf","given":"Eric","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":17752,"text":"Chicago Botanic Garden","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":759753,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Melthapoulos, Andony P. 0000-0001-8763-2737","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8763-2737","contributorId":214379,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Melthapoulos","given":"Andony","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":6680,"text":"Oregon State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":759754,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Smith, David J.","contributorId":214380,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Smith","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":36658,"text":"U.S. Department of Agriculture","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":759755,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Suryanarayanan, Sainath 0000-0003-4680-7224","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4680-7224","contributorId":214381,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Suryanarayanan","given":"Sainath","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16925,"text":"University of Wisconsin-Madison","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":759756,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Thogmartin, Wayne E. 0000-0002-2384-4279 wthogmartin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2384-4279","contributorId":2545,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thogmartin","given":"Wayne","email":"wthogmartin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":759746,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Williams, Neal M. 0000-0003-3053-8445","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3053-8445","contributorId":214382,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Williams","given":"Neal","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":7214,"text":"University of California, Davis","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":759757,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Zhang, Minghua","contributorId":195323,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zhang","given":"Minghua","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":759758,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Douglas, Margaret R.","contributorId":214383,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Douglas","given":"Margaret","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":39028,"text":"Dickinson College","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":759759,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14}]}} ,{"id":70202736,"text":"70202736 - 2019 - UAV-based measurements of spatio-temporal concentration distributions of fluorescent tracers in open channel flows","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-25T08:41:22","indexId":"70202736","displayToPublicDate":"2019-03-22T10:54:27","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":664,"text":"Advances in Water Resources","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"UAV-based measurements of spatio-temporal concentration distributions of fluorescent tracers in open channel flows","docAbstract":"A new method of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-based tracer tests using RGB (red, green, blue) images was developed in order to acquire the spatio-temporal concentration distribution of tracer clouds in open channel flows. Tracer tests using Rhodamine WT were conducted to collect the RGB images using a commercial digital camera mounted on a UAV, and the concentration of Rhodamine WT using in-situ fluorometric probes. The correlation analysis showed that the in-situmeasured concentrations of Rhodamine WT were strongly correlated with the digital number (DN) of the RGB images, even though the response of DN to the concentration was spatially heterogeneous. The empirical relationship between the DN values and the Rhodamine WT concentration data was estimated using artificial neural network (ANN) models. The trained ANN models, which consider the effect of water depth and river bed, accurately retrieved the detailed spatio-temporal concentration distributions of all study areas that had an R2 higher than 0.9. The acquired spatio-temporal concentration distributions by the proposed method based on the UAV images gave general as well as detailed views of the tracer cloud moving dynamically in open channel flows that cannot be easily observed using conventional in-situ measurements.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.advwatres.2019.03.007","usgsCitation":"Baek, D., Seo, I.W., Kim, J.S., and Nelson, J.M., 2019, UAV-based measurements of spatio-temporal concentration distributions of fluorescent tracers in open channel flows: Advances in Water Resources, v. 127, p. 76-88, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.advwatres.2019.03.007.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"76","endPage":"88","ipdsId":"IP-102149","costCenters":[{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":362275,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"127","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Baek, Donghae","contributorId":214366,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Baek","given":"Donghae","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":37780,"text":"Seoul National University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":759728,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Seo, Il Won","contributorId":214367,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Seo","given":"Il","email":"","middleInitial":"Won","affiliations":[{"id":37780,"text":"Seoul National University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":759729,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kim, Jun Song","contributorId":214368,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kim","given":"Jun","email":"","middleInitial":"Song","affiliations":[{"id":37780,"text":"Seoul National University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":759730,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nelson, Jonathan M. 0000-0002-7632-8526 jmn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7632-8526","contributorId":2812,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"Jonathan","email":"jmn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":759727,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70202735,"text":"70202735 - 2019 - Fish culling reduces tapeworm burden in Arctic charr by increasing parasite mortality rather than by reducing density‐dependent transmission","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-06-18T11:12:05","indexId":"70202735","displayToPublicDate":"2019-03-22T10:52:29","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2163,"text":"Journal of Applied Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fish culling reduces tapeworm burden in Arctic charr by increasing parasite mortality rather than by reducing density‐dependent transmission","docAbstract":"Two common Dibothriocephalus (formerly Diphyllobothrium) tapeworm species were significantly reduced by experimental culling of their fish host Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus) in a subarctic lake.
Between 1984 and 1991, funnel traps were used to cull ~35 metric tons of Arctic charr, reducing charr density by ~80%. As charr densities decreased, tapeworm prevalence and then intensity also declined over the following three decades, with D. dendriticus (formerly dendriticum) responding faster than D. ditremus (formerly ditremum). The two main hypotheses for how culling a host can decrease parasitism are reductions in parasite transmission due to reduced host density and reductions in parasite survival through increases in host mortality rates.
We found little evidence that charr density was the main driver for reduced parasite transmission. Instead, decreased survivorship in charr, initially, through fishing‐induced changes in charr age structure, and later through increased predation rates by brown trout, led to increased parasite mortality. Although brown trout, which increased significantly after fish culling, are also hosts, they are often too big for the final host birds to eat, thus becoming parasite sinks.
Synthesis and applications. Fish populations with heavy parasite burdens constitute a management problem. Our results show how fish culling can indirectly reduce transmitted parasites through increased parasite mortality. Managing overcrowded fish populations by culling can produce two desirable outcomes: an increase in fish growth rates and reduced parasite burdens.
The metapopulation paradigm has been central to improve the conservation and management of natural populations. However, despite the large number of studies on metapopulation dynamics, the overall support for the relationships on which the paradigm is based has not been strong. Here, we studied the occupancy dynamics of two Neotropical fishes (i.e., Pimelodella gracilis and Leporinus friderici) to investigate two fundamental premises of the metapopulation paradigm, that is, that isolation and area/habitat quality affect colonisation and extinction probabilities in predictable ways. In order to do this, we used a modification of occupancy models that allows modelling the probability of a site's occupancy as a function of the occupancy of its neighbourhood. We found a weak positive effect of neighbourhood occupancy on P. gracilis colonisation, which is consistent with the propagule rain metapopulation, that is, colonists arriving from outside the studied system. However, we found a strong negative neighbourhood effect on extinction probability, suggesting that declining populations from stream sections are rescued from extinction by neighbouring patches. In contrast, the effect of neighbourhood occupancy on the metapopulation dynamics of L. friderici was in the opposite direction, affecting positively colonisation but not affecting extinction rates, which is consistent with the classical metapopulation model. In addition, the occupancy dynamics of both species were affected by water velocity. To our knowledge, this is the first study to link directly dispersal to local population dynamics in Neotropical fishes, and one of the few studies doing inferences on spatial population dynamics based on direct estimates of neighbourhood occupancy.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/eff.12452","usgsCitation":"Penha, J., Hakamada, K.Y., Hines, J.E., and Nichols, J.D., 2019, Scale‐dependent effects of isolation on seasonal patch colonisation by two Neotropical freshwater fishes: Ecology of Freshwater Fish, v. 28, no. 2, p. 274-284, https://doi.org/10.1111/eff.12452.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"274","endPage":"284","ipdsId":"IP-096324","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":362273,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"28","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":10,"text":"Baltimore PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-10-24","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Penha, Jerry","contributorId":214384,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Penha","given":"Jerry","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":39029,"text":"Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Brazil","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":759761,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hakamada, Karlo Y. P.","contributorId":214390,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hakamada","given":"Karlo","email":"","middleInitial":"Y. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":759768,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hines, James E. 0000-0001-5478-7230 jhines@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5478-7230","contributorId":146530,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hines","given":"James","email":"jhines@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":759760,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nichols, James D. 0000-0002-7631-2890 jnichols@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7631-2890","contributorId":200533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"James","email":"jnichols@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":759762,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70215994,"text":"70215994 - 2019 - A re-examination of the three most prominent Holocene tephra deposits in western Canada: Bridge River, Mount St. Helens Yn and Mazama","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-02T15:39:49.210587","indexId":"70215994","displayToPublicDate":"2019-03-22T09:34:48","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3217,"text":"Quaternary International","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A re-examination of the three most prominent Holocene tephra deposits in western Canada: Bridge River, Mount St. Helens Yn and Mazama","docAbstract":"Volcanic ash deposits (tephra) in western Canada are instrumental in providing independent chronologic control for many archaeological and paleoenvironmental sites. In Alberta, tephra are a key chronologic tool in a region where radiocarbon dates are often unreliable because of the prevalence of carbonate-rich bedrock and other “old carbon” sources, such as coal. However, many studies using tephra for age control, particularly archaeological projects, identify tephra simply through field characteristics or light microscopy. In both Alberta and British Columbia, many radiocarbon dates that were used to date key tephra deposits were bulk conventional ages on peat and lake sediments, which are not always reliable. These factors have led to uncertainty in the age and number of Bridge River and Mount St. Helens (MSH) set Y tephra present in the region and incomplete distribution maps. New major-element geochemical analyses from archaeological and sedimentary sites across south-central Alberta, complemented by new analyses of tephra from British Columbia and Saskatchewan, refine the distribution of the Bridge River, MSH Yn and Mazama tephra. New geochemical data, radiocarbon dates, and a detailed overview of proximal MSH set Y stratigraphy and geochemistry show that only one MSH layer, Yn, is present in this region, rather than two MSH set Y tephra as previously suggested. Additionally, re-assessment of age data combined with new geochemical analyses confirm that there is also only one Bridge River tephra. A Bayesian modelled age estimate is determined for MSH Yn based on new AMS dates on the tephra and vetted existing conventional ages, providing a revised age estimate for MSH Yn of 3805–3535 cal BP (mean of 3660 cal BP).