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,{"id":4556,"text":"wsp412 - 1918 - Surface water supply of the United States, 1915 : Part 12, North Pacific drainage basins ; A. Pacific drainage basins in Washington and upper Columbia River basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:51","indexId":"wsp412","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1918","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"412","title":"Surface water supply of the United States, 1915 : Part 12, North Pacific drainage basins ; A. Pacific drainage basins in Washington and upper Columbia River basin","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp412","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1918, Surface water supply of the United States, 1915 : Part 12, North Pacific drainage basins ; A. Pacific drainage basins in Washington and upper Columbia River basin: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 412, 258, xlix p. ;23 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp412.","productDescription":"258, xlix p. ;23 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":139816,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/0412/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":31613,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/0412/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afde4b07f02db697074","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":528253,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70048630,"text":"ar39 - 1918 - Thirty-ninth annual report of the Director of the United States Geological Survey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-12-10T13:12:06","indexId":"ar39","displayToPublicDate":"1949-10-25T11:26:00","publicationYear":"1918","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":304,"text":"Annual Report","code":"AR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"39","title":"Thirty-ninth annual report of the Director of the United States Geological Survey","docAbstract":"The appropriations for the work of the United States Geological Survey for the fiscal year 1917-18 comprised items amounting to $1,750,520. The plan of operations as approved by the Secretary of the Interior contemplated surveys and investigations in the United States and Alaska designed mainly to obtain information or to encourage activities essential to the rapid and successful prosecution of the war. The results of the work are reported in detail in the following pages.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/ar39","usgsCitation":"Smith, G.O., 1918, Thirty-ninth annual report of the Director of the United States Geological Survey: U.S. Geological Survey Annual Report 39, 163 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ar39.","productDescription":"163 p.","numberOfPages":"167","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":278435,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ar39.jpg"},{"id":279562,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ar/39/report.pdf"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 173.0,16.916667 ], [ 173.0,71.833333 ], [ -66.95,71.833333 ], [ -66.95,16.916667 ], [ 173.0,16.916667 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"526b930ce4b058918d0acc75","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, George Otis","contributorId":19538,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"George","email":"","middleInitial":"Otis","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485224,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70268171,"text":"70268171 - 1918 - Hawaiian Volcano Observatory bulletins - 1918","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70268171,"text":"70268171 - 1918 - Hawaiian Volcano Observatory bulletins - 1918","indexId":"70268171","publicationYear":"1918","noYear":false,"title":"Hawaiian Volcano Observatory bulletins - 1918"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70268164,"text":"70268164 - 1913 - Hawaiian Volcano Observatory bulletins","indexId":"70268164","publicationYear":"1913","noYear":false,"title":"Hawaiian Volcano Observatory bulletins"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":70268164,"text":"70268164 - 1913 - Hawaiian Volcano Observatory bulletins","indexId":"70268164","publicationYear":"1913","noYear":false,"title":"Hawaiian Volcano Observatory bulletins"},"lastModifiedDate":"2025-06-16T15:02:29.431396","indexId":"70268171","displayToPublicDate":"1918-01-01T10:56:47","publicationYear":"1918","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":3,"text":"Organization Series"},"title":"Hawaiian Volcano Observatory bulletins - 1918","docAbstract":"<p>The Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO) Bulletin series was an informal publication issued between the years 1913 to 1929. Individual issues contain information on volcanic and earthquake activity, volcano research, and volcano monitoring in Hawaii, and issues often included photographs, sketches, and data plots. Information on volcanic activity at other locations is also occasionally included.</p><p>The Bulletin series was published by HVO through the Hawaiian Volcano Research Association. Weekly Bulletins (initially called Reports) were issued between June 28, 1913, and July 1, 1914. Bulletins were issued monthly after July 1, 1914, though they were still named Weekly Bulletins until January 1919. Starting with the February 1919 issue, the Bulletins were named Monthly Bulletins, and they continued to be issued monthly until the series ceased in July 1929. During a single year, 1915, Seismometric Bulletins were also issued quarterly. 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 \"}}]}","volume":"6","issue":"1-12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW"}
,{"id":70274525,"text":"70274525 - 1918 - Hawaiian Volcano Observatory record book 1918","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-04-16T14:34:29.750993","indexId":"70274525","displayToPublicDate":"1918-01-01T10:19:22","publicationYear":"1918","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":3,"text":"Organization Series"},"title":"Hawaiian Volcano Observatory record book 1918","docAbstract":"<p>The Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO) record books are annual journals in which field observations of eruptive activity at Kīlauea and Mauna Loa volcanoes, on the Island of Hawaiʻi, were compiled by HVO staff for most years from 1912 through early 1966. In addition to descriptive observations, the record books also contain hundreds of annotated photographs and sketches, as well as temperature and transit measurements. When photographs are included, the camera settings and film types used are noted. The field notes, sketches, and photographs used to compile the record books provide an unparalleled record of eruptive activity and were the basis for published newspaper reports and periodic bulletins, such as the <a href=\"../publication/70268164\" data-mce-href=\"../publication/70268164\">Hawaiian Volcano Observatory bulletins</a> and <a href=\"../publication/70246900\" data-mce-href=\"../publication/70246900\">The volcano letter</a>. &nbsp;</p><p>HVO staff also painstakingly prepared a second copy of each early record book, virtually identical to the original, complete with photographs and sketches. The original version of the record book was kept at HVO, while the duplicate went to the Hawaiian Volcano Research Association, which was created by a group of Honolulu, Hawaiʻi, businessmen to promote HVO’s work. The Hawaiian Volcano Research Association, which dissolved decades ago, held the duplicate books in Honolulu, where they were more readily accessible to the public. After 1923, HVO stopped duplicating the books—at least, no duplicate records for subsequent years have been found. During the decade of the 1940s, preparation of the record books stopped altogether. In 1952, compilation of the record books resumed and continued, with long gaps, until early 1966. Entries in these later volumes are sparse, and these books are little more than photo albums of the episodic eruptions of Kīlauea.&nbsp;</p><p>The original record books were held at HVO and, later, at Hawai‘i Volcanoes National Park. In 1972, the original record books for the years 1912 through 1939 were transferred to the Bishop Museum, in Honolulu, for safekeeping. These record books are now stored in archival boxes at that institution (accession number 172.265). The duplicate set of record books held by the Hawaiian Volcano Research Association were bound into volumes at an unknown date and turned over to the U.S. Geological Survey. This set of record books, spanning 1912 through 1923, is now housed in the rare book room of the U.S. Geological Survey Library in Reston, Virginia (catalog number 220(950) H3d). The record books for 1952 through early 1966 remain in storage at HVO. After 1955, typed annotations were no longer placed in the record books, and only photographs, most with captions, were included. Although the volumes titled “Record Book” end with the 1955 volume, the photograph albums that followed are similar, and the record book designation is retained for simplicity. Note that the photographs in these albums were not all originally arranged in chronological order.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Hawaiian Volcano Observatory","usgsCitation":"Hawaiian Volcano Observatory, 1918, Hawaiian Volcano Observatory record book 1918, 462 p.","productDescription":"462 p.","costCenters":[{"id":336,"text":"Hawaiian Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":502910,"rank":3,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/70274518","text":"Hawaiian Volcano Observatory record books"},{"id":502902,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":502901,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70274525/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United 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,{"id":34272,"text":"b667 - 1918 - The Cosna-Nowitna region, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-17T19:11:52.379572","indexId":"b667","displayToPublicDate":"1918-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1918","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":306,"text":"Bulletin","code":"B","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"667","title":"The Cosna-Nowitna region, Alaska","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/b667","usgsCitation":"Eakin, H.M., 1918, The Cosna-Nowitna region, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 667, Report: 54 p.; 2 Plates: 31.18 x 33.25 inches and 31.41 x 33.24 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/b667.","productDescription":"Report: 54 p.; 2 Plates: 31.18 x 33.25 inches and 31.41 x 33.24 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":166938,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/0667/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":92657,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/0667/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":92656,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/0667/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":92655,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/0667/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":109082,"rank":5,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_20263.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"20263"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Cosna-Nowitna region","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -154.417,\n              65\n            ],\n            [\n              -154.417,\n              63.667\n            ],\n            [\n              -151.333,\n              63.667\n            ],\n            [\n              -151.333,\n              65\n            ],\n            [\n              -154.417,\n              65\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acce4b07f02db67ec5d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eakin, Henry Miner","contributorId":25617,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eakin","given":"Henry","email":"","middleInitial":"Miner","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":212717,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":34010,"text":"b668 - 1918 - The Nelchina-Susitna region, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-17T20:01:46.215167","indexId":"b668","displayToPublicDate":"1918-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1918","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":306,"text":"Bulletin","code":"B","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"668","title":"The Nelchina-Susitna region, Alaska","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/b668","usgsCitation":"Chapin, T.S., 1918, The Nelchina-Susitna region, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 668, Report: 67 p.; 2 Plates: 30.67 x 30.04 inches and 32.59 x 31.64 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/b668.","productDescription":"Report: 67 p.; 2 Plates: 30.67 x 30.04 inches and 32.59 x 31.64 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":164407,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/0668/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":92546,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/0668/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":92545,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/0668/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":92544,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/0668/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":109083,"rank":5,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_20264.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"20264"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Nelchina-Susitna region","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -148.667,\n              63.033\n            ],\n            [\n              -148.667,\n              61.6667\n            ],\n            [\n              -145.333,\n              61.6667\n            ],\n            [\n              -145.333,\n              63.033\n            ],\n            [\n              -148.667,\n              63.033\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac7e4b07f02db67af9c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chapin, Theodore Sheffield","contributorId":88408,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chapin","given":"Theodore","email":"","middleInitial":"Sheffield","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":212319,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":34625,"text":"b683 - 1918 - The Anvik-Andreafski region, Alaska (including the Marshall district)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-17T18:58:57.399673","indexId":"b683","displayToPublicDate":"1918-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1918","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":306,"text":"Bulletin","code":"B","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"683","title":"The Anvik-Andreafski region, Alaska (including the Marshall district)","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/b683","usgsCitation":"Harrington, G.L., 1918, The Anvik-Andreafski region, Alaska (including the Marshall district): U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 683, Report: 70 p.; 4 Plates: 32.48 x 40.13 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/b683.","productDescription":"Report: 70 p.; 4 Plates: 32.48 x 40.13 inches or smaller","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":109086,"rank":7,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_20272.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"20272"},{"id":167561,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/0683/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":92868,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/0683/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":92867,"rank":6,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/0683/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":92866,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/0683/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":92865,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/0683/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":92864,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/0683/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Anvik-Andreafski region","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -163.333,\n              63\n            ],\n            [\n              -163.333,\n              61.55\n            ],\n            [\n              -160.667,\n              61.55\n            ],\n            [\n              -160.667,\n              63\n            ],\n            [\n              -163.333,\n              63\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad4e4b07f02db682b99","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harrington, George Leavitt","contributorId":33756,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harrington","given":"George","email":"","middleInitial":"Leavitt","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":213285,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70171405,"text":"70171405 - 1918 - The glacial history of Columbia River in the Big Bend country","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-11T17:55:48.083598","indexId":"70171405","displayToPublicDate":"1918-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1918","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2572,"text":"Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The glacial history of Columbia River in the Big Bend country","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Washington Academy of Sciences","usgsCitation":"Meinzer, C.E., 1918, The glacial history of Columbia River in the Big Bend country: Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences, v. 8, no. 12, p. 411-412.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"411","endPage":"412","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":321893,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":381223,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/24521496"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Columbia River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -121.04736328125,\n              46.619261036171515\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.817138671875,\n              46.619261036171515\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.817138671875,\n              47.92738566360356\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.04736328125,\n              47.92738566360356\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.04736328125,\n              46.619261036171515\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"8","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"574eb5dde4b0ee97d51a840c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Meinzer, C. E.","contributorId":169728,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Meinzer","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":630902,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":1311,"text":"wsp416 - 1917 - The divining rod: A history of water witching, with a bibliography","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-14T13:23:28","indexId":"wsp416","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T07:00:00","publicationYear":"1917","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"416","title":"The divining rod: A history of water witching, with a bibliography","docAbstract":"<p>The use of a forked twig, or so-called divining rod, in locating minerals, finding hidden treasure, or detecting criminals is a curious superstition that has been a subject of discussion since the middle of the sixteenth century and still has a strong hold on the popular mind, even in this country, as is shown by the large number of inquiries received each year by the United States Geological Survey as to its efficacy, especially for locating underground water, and the persistent demands that it be made a subject of investigation by the Survey. The bibliography shows that a truly astonishing number of books and pamphlets have been written on the subject. The purpose of the present brief paper is not to add another contribution to this enormous volume of uncanny literature but merely to furnish a reply to the numerous inquiries that are continually being received from all parts of the country. The outline of the history of the subject presented in the following pages will probably enable most honest inquirers to appreciate the practical uselessness of \"water witching\" and other applications of the divining rod, but those who wish to delve further into the mysteries of the subject are referred to the literature cited in the bibliography, in which they will find reports in painful detail of exhaustive investigations and pseudo-investigations of every phase of the subject and every imaginable explanation of the supposed phenomena.</p><p>It is doubtful whether so much investigation and discussion have been bestowed on any other subject with such absolute lack of positive results. It is difficult to see how for practical purposes the entire matter could be more thoroughly discredited, and it should be obvious to everyone that further tests by the United States Geological Survey of this so-called \"witching\" for water, oil, or other minerals would be a misuse of public funds.</p><p>A large number of more complicated devices for locating water or other minerals are closely related to the forked twig. A favorite trick for appealing to uneducated persons and yet making specific disproof impossible is to give as the working principle of such a device some newly discovered and vaguely understood phenomenon, as, for example, radioactivity. Many such devices have been in existence since the seventeenth century, and almost without exception the claims that are made for them are very great. If any genuine instrument were invented its merits would no doubt in time become well recognized, as have those of other real inventions. The magnetic needle used in detecting iron ore is, of course, not included in this category of spurious instruments.</p><p>It is by no means true that all persons using a forked twig or some other device for locating water or other mineral are intentional deceivers. Some of them are doubtless men of good character and benevolent intentions. However, as anything that can be deeply veiled in mystery affords a good opportunity for swindlers, there can be no reasonable doubt that many of the large group of professional finders of water, oil, or other minerals who take pay for their \"services\" or for the sale of their \"instruments\" are deliberately defrauding the people, and that the total amount of money they obtain is large.</p><p>To all inquirers the United States Geological Survey therefore gives the advice not to expend any money for the services of any \"water witch\" or for the use or purchase of any machine or instrument devised for locating underground water or other minerals.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/wsp416","usgsCitation":"Ellis, A.J., 1917, The divining rod: A history of water witching, with a bibliography: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 416, 59 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp416.","productDescription":"59 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":138036,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/0416/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":26344,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/0416/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa9e4b07f02db668281","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ellis, Arthur Jackson","contributorId":89871,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellis","given":"Arthur","email":"","middleInitial":"Jackson","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143544,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":362,"text":"wsp409 - 1917 - Surface water supply of the United States, 1915, Part IX, Colorado River basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:07","indexId":"wsp409","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1917","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"409","title":"Surface water supply of the United States, 1915, Part IX, Colorado River basin","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp409","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1917, Surface water supply of the United States, 1915, Part IX, Colorado River basin: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 409, 236, xxxiv p. ;23 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp409.","productDescription":"236, xxxiv p. ;23 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":136124,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/0409/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":24925,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/0409/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4affe4b07f02db697da5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":527338,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":39429,"text":"pp101 - 1917 - Geology and paleontology of the Raton Mesa and other regions in Colorado and New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-09T17:20:00.933715","indexId":"pp101","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1917","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"101","title":"Geology and paleontology of the Raton Mesa and other regions in Colorado and New Mexico","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/pp101","usgsCitation":"Lee, W.T., and Knowlton, F.H., 1917, Geology and paleontology of the Raton Mesa and other regions in Colorado and New Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 101, Report: 450 p.; 2 Plates: 16.43 × 25.19 inches and 32.58 × 12.92 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/pp101.","productDescription":"Report: 450 p.; 2 Plates: 16.43 × 25.19 inches and 32.58 × 12.92 inches","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":113603,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0101/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":113602,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0101/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":113601,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0101/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":173400,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0101/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado, New Mexico","otherGeospatial":"Raton Mesa","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -104.74459354522395,\n              37.608533193693674\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.37501606555125,\n              37.575415110087974\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.19738320070773,\n              36.94059327981583\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.39939704700012,\n              36.32289126792806\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.70976357172513,\n              36.33130947929156\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.44853877048462,\n              36.987903474002735\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.74459354522395,\n              37.608533193693674\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad6e4b07f02db68433d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lee, W. T.","contributorId":36909,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":221441,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Knowlton, F. H.","contributorId":43813,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knowlton","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":221442,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":39440,"text":"pp108D - 1917 - Wasatch fossils in so-called Fort Union beds of the Powder River Basin, Wyoming, and their bearing on the stratigraphy of the region","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-09T17:24:49.000185","indexId":"pp108D","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1917","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"108","chapter":"D","title":"Wasatch fossils in so-called Fort Union beds of the Powder River Basin, Wyoming, and their bearing on the stratigraphy of the region","docAbstract":"<p>Northeastern Wyoming is occupied by a broad structural basin opening to the north and bounded on the east, south, and west by three mountain uplifts - the Black Hills, the Laramie Mountains, and the Big Horn Mountains. (See fig. 16.) Throughout much of this basin the surface rocks are of Tertiary age. They contain the principal coal beds of the region and have been classified in all the most recent Survey reports as Fort Union. The true age of these rocks and the general stratigraphy of the fresh-water beds that underlie them are the theme of this paper.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/pp108D","usgsCitation":"Wegemann, C.H., 1917, Wasatch fossils in so-called Fort Union beds of the Powder River Basin, Wyoming, and their bearing on the stratigraphy of the region: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 108, ii, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp108D.","productDescription":"ii, 6 p.","startPage":"57","endPage":"60","numberOfPages":"8","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":122288,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/pp_108_d.jpg"},{"id":271222,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0108d/report.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -104.8714183121892,\n              44.987522494656275\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.06828275569195,\n              44.975341412902026\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.15869337912218,\n              43.15343898233627\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.84558670549461,\n              43.13773296918126\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.8714183121892,\n              44.987522494656275\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b01e4b07f02db69880a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wegemann, Carroll H.","contributorId":97168,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wegemann","given":"Carroll","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":221458,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":39441,"text":"pp108E - 1917 - Geologic history indicated by the fossiliferous deposits of the Wilcox group (Eocene) at Meridian, Mississippi","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-08-07T15:14:21","indexId":"pp108E","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1917","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"108","chapter":"E","title":"Geologic history indicated by the fossiliferous deposits of the Wilcox group (Eocene) at Meridian, Mississippi","docAbstract":"<p>The presence of erosion intervals at several horizons in the Eocene of the Gulf States has been pointed out in a recent paper, and the evidence of an erosion interval between the period of deposition of the sediments of the Wilcox group (lower Eocene) and that of the Claiborne group (middle Eocene) was reviewed in some detail in a general discussion of the extensive flora of the Wilcox group of that region.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Washington Government Printing Office","doi":"10.3133/pp108E","usgsCitation":"Berry, E.W., 1917, Geologic history indicated by the fossiliferous deposits of the Wilcox group (Eocene) at Meridian, Mississippi: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 108, ii, 14 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp108E.","productDescription":"ii, 14 p.","startPage":"61","endPage":"72","numberOfPages":"16","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":120262,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/pp_108_e.jpg"},{"id":271223,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0108e/report.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Mississippi","city":"Meridian","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -88.77,32.31 ], [ -88.77,32.44 ], [ -88.61,32.44 ], [ -88.61,32.31 ], [ -88.77,32.31 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b16e4b07f02db6a5611","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Berry, Edward Wilber","contributorId":36206,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berry","given":"Edward","email":"","middleInitial":"Wilber","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":221459,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":39431,"text":"pp103 - 1917 - Brachyceratops, a ceratopsian dinosaur from the Two Medicine formation of Montana, with notes on associated fossil reptiles","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-14T14:20:56","indexId":"pp103","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1917","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"103","displayTitle":"<i>Brachyceratops</i>, a ceratopsian dinosaur from the Two Medicine formation of Montana, with notes on associated fossil reptiles","title":"Brachyceratops, a ceratopsian dinosaur from the Two Medicine formation of Montana, with notes on associated fossil reptiles","docAbstract":"<p>The fossils on which this paper is based were collected by me and my assistant, Mr. J. F. Strayrer, during the summer of 1913, while working under the auspices of the United States Geological Survey on the Blackfeet Indian Reservation, in northwestern Montana. The specimens were obtained from exposures of the Two Medicine formation along Milk River near the Canadian boundary, in T. 37 N., R. 8 W., about 30 miles northwest of the town of Cut Bank, Mont., and along Two Medicine River in T. 31 N., R. 7 W., about 15 miles southwest of Cut Bank. Vertebrate remains were found at these places in, 1911 and 1912 by Eugene Stebinger, while he was engaged in Geological Survey work, and he was the first to note that the localities are good fields for finding specimens of fossil vertebrates.<sup>2</sup> Although the present collection is small, it is of considerable scientific interest because it supplements the collections made in neighboring areas by other investigators, and because it contains a new genus of Ceratopsia in addition to other recognizable specimens which afford evidence that considerably extends the geologic and geographic ranges of forms heretofore described.</p><p>The beds from which the collection was made constitute the upper part of the Two Medicine formation, which includes the equivalent of the Judith River formation and some older beds. The fossiliferous beds are also the equivalent of the upper part of the Belly River formation as found in neighboring areas of Canada.<br></p><p>The fauna of the American Judith River formation, although diversified, is very inadequately known. Many of the genera and species have been founded on specimens so scant and fragmentary that it is almost impossible to refer to them subsequently discovered and more perfect materials. Recent collections made by L. M. Lambe, of the Canada Geological Survey, and by Barnum Brown, of the American Museum of Natural History, from the Belly River formation along Red Deer River in Canada, however, have placed this fauna on a more solid basis.</p><p>The purpose of this paper is to give as complete and detailed a description of the skeletal anatomy of <i>Brachyceratops montanensis</i> as the material at hand will permit and to discuss briefly, in systematic order, other forms represented by specimens in the collection made in 1913.</p><p>I take this opportunity to express my thanks for assistance rendered and for courtesies extended at many times, both in the field and during the preparation of this report, by Messrs. M. R. Campbell, T. W. Stanton, and F. H. Knowlton, and especially by Mr. Eugene Stebinger, all of the United States Geological Survey.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/pp103","usgsCitation":"Gilmore, C.W., 1917, Brachyceratops, a ceratopsian dinosaur from the Two Medicine formation of Montana, with notes on associated fossil reptiles: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 103, 45 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp103.","productDescription":"45 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":113604,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0103/report.pdf","size":"7882","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":172387,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0103/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ce4b07f02db5fcdf0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gilmore, Charles W.","contributorId":57126,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gilmore","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":221445,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":45606,"text":"b641A - 1917 - Ozokerite in central Utah","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":45606,"text":"b641A - 1917 - Ozokerite in central Utah","indexId":"b641A","publicationYear":"1917","noYear":false,"chapter":"A","title":"Ozokerite in central Utah"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":36217,"text":"b641 - 1917 - Contributions to economic geology (short papers and preliminary reports), 1920 : Part II. - Mineral fuels","indexId":"b641","publicationYear":"1917","noYear":false,"title":"Contributions to economic geology (short papers and preliminary reports), 1920 : Part II. - Mineral fuels"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":36217,"text":"b641 - 1917 - Contributions to economic geology (short papers and preliminary reports), 1920 : Part II. - Mineral fuels","indexId":"b641","publicationYear":"1917","noYear":false,"title":"Contributions to economic geology (short papers and preliminary reports), 1920 : Part II. - Mineral fuels"},"lastModifiedDate":"2025-06-25T16:20:01.121479","indexId":"b641A","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1917","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":306,"text":"Bulletin","code":"B","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"641","chapter":"A","title":"Ozokerite in central Utah","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Contributions to economic geology, 1916, Part II, Mineral fuels (Bulletin 641)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/b641A","usgsCitation":"Robinson, H., 1917, Ozokerite in central Utah: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 641, 16 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/b641A.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":114275,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/0641a/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":162691,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/0641a/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":491281,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_20210.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -111.167,\n              39.939\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.167,\n              39.775\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.883,\n              39.775\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.883,\n              39.939\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.167,\n              39.939\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4af0e4b07f02db69176b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robinson, H.M.","contributorId":91072,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robinson","given":"H.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":231755,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":39428,"text":"pp100B - 1917 - The coal fields of Ohio, with a computation of the original coal content of the fields","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-05-16T19:24:54.317507","indexId":"pp100B","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1917","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"100","chapter":"B","title":"The coal fields of Ohio, with a computation of the original coal content of the fields","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/pp100B","usgsCitation":"Bownocker, J.A., and Clark, F.R., 1917, The coal fields of Ohio, with a computation of the original coal content of the fields: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 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