{"pageNumber":"732","pageRowStart":"18275","pageSize":"25","recordCount":68922,"records":[{"id":99074,"text":"sir20115021 - 2011 - Conceptual model and numerical simulation of the groundwater-flow system of Bainbridge Island, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:39","indexId":"sir20115021","displayToPublicDate":"2011-03-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-5021","title":"Conceptual model and numerical simulation of the groundwater-flow system of Bainbridge Island, Washington","docAbstract":"Groundwater is the sole source of drinking water for the population of Bainbridge Island. Increased use of groundwater supplies on Bainbridge Island as the population has grown over time has created concern about the quantity of water available and whether saltwater intrusion will occur as groundwater usage increases. A groundwater-flow model was developed to aid in the understanding of the groundwater system and the effects of groundwater development alternatives on the water resources of Bainbridge Island. Bainbridge Island is underlain by unconsolidated deposits of glacial and nonglacial origin. The surficial geologic units and the deposits at depth were differentiated into aquifers and confining units on the basis of areal extent and general water-bearing characteristics. Eleven principal hydrogeologic units are recognized in the study area and form the basis of the groundwater-flow model. A transient variable-density groundwater-flow model of Bainbridge Island and the surrounding area was developed to simulate current (2008) groundwater conditions. The model was calibrated to water levels measured during 2007 and 2008 using parameter estimation (PEST) to minimize the weighted differences or residuals between simulated and measured hydraulic head. The calibrated model was used to make some general observations of the groundwater system in 2008. Total flow through the groundwater system was about 31,000 acre-ft/ yr. The recharge to the groundwater system was from precipitation and septic-system returns. Groundwater flow to Bainbridge Island accounted for about 1,000 acre-ft/ yr or slightly more than 5 percent of the recharge amounts. Groundwater discharge was predominately to streams, lakes, springs, and seepage faces (16,000 acre-ft/yr) and directly to marine waters (10,000 acre-ft/yr). Total groundwater withdrawals in 2008 were slightly more than 6 percent (2,000 acre-ft/yr) of the total flow. The calibrated model was used to simulate predevelopment conditions, during which no groundwater pumping or secondary recharge occurred and currently developed land was covered by conifer forests. Simulated water levels in the uppermost aquifer generally were slightly higher at the end of 2008 than under predevelopment conditions, likely due to increased recharge from septic returns and reduced evapotranspiration losses due to conversion of land cover from forests to current conditions. Simulated changes in water levels for the extensively used sea-level aquifer were variable, although areas with declines between zero and 10 feet were common and generally can be traced to withdrawals from public-supply drinking wells. Simulated water-level declines in the deep (Fletcher Bay) aquifer between predevelopment and 2008 conditions ranged from about 10 feet in the northeast to about 25 feet on the western edge of the Island. These declines are related to groundwater withdrawals for public-supply purposes. The calibrated model also was used to simulate the possible effects of increased groundwater pumping and changes to recharge due to changes in land use and climactic conditions between 2008 and 2035 under minimal, expected, and maximum impact conditions. Drawdowns generally were small for most of the Island (less than 10 ft) for the minimal and expected impact scenarios, and were larger for the maximum impact scenario. No saltwater intrusion was evident in any scenario by the year 2035. The direction of flow in the deep Fletcher Bay aquifer was simulated to reverse direction from its predevelopment west to east direction to an east to west direction under the maximum impact scenario.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20115021","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the City of Bainbridge Island","usgsCitation":"Frans, L.M., Bachmann, M.P., Sumioka, S.S., and Olsen, T.D., 2011, Conceptual model and numerical simulation of the groundwater-flow system of Bainbridge Island, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5021, viii, 95 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20115021.","productDescription":"viii, 95 p.","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":126196,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2011_5021.jpg"},{"id":14522,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5021/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.83333333333333,47.416666666666664 ], [ -122.83333333333333,47.833333333333336 ], [ -122.33333333333333,47.833333333333336 ], [ -122.33333333333333,47.416666666666664 ], [ -122.83333333333333,47.416666666666664 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b00e4b07f02db6983fd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Frans, Lonna M. 0000-0002-3217-1862 lmfrans@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3217-1862","contributorId":1493,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frans","given":"Lonna","email":"lmfrans@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":307467,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bachmann, Matthew P. mbachman@usgs.gov","contributorId":5348,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bachmann","given":"Matthew","email":"mbachman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":307469,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sumioka, Steve S.","contributorId":71615,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sumioka","given":"Steve","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307470,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Olsen, Theresa D. 0000-0003-4099-4057 tdolsen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4099-4057","contributorId":1644,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olsen","given":"Theresa","email":"tdolsen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":307468,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70150463,"text":"70150463 - 2011 - Development and assessment of a landscape-scale ecological threat index for the Lower Colorado River Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-06-26T14:00:09","indexId":"70150463","displayToPublicDate":"2011-03-01T15:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1456,"text":"Ecological Indicators","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Development and assessment of a landscape-scale ecological threat index for the Lower Colorado River Basin","docAbstract":"<p>Anthropogenic disturbances impact freshwater biota but are rarely incorporated into conservation planning due to the difficulties in quantifying threats. There is currently no widely accepted method to quantify disturbances, and determining how to measure threats to upstream catchments using disturbance metrics can be time consuming and subjective. We compared four watershed-scale ecological threat indices for the Lower Colorado River Basin (LCRB) using landscape-level threats of land use (e.g., agricultural and urban lands), waterway development and diversions (e.g., number of canals, dams), and human development (e.g., road and railroads density, pollution sites). The LCRB is an ideal region to assess ecological threat indices because of the increasing need for conservation to ensure the persistence of native fishes in highly altered habitat. Each threat was measured for severity (i.e., level of influence on the upstream watershed) and frequency throughout each watershed; both severity and frequency were measured using two different methods. Severity values were based either on peer-reviewed literature and weighted in accordance to their published ecological impact, or assumed equal severity across stressors. Threat frequency was calculated according to either the presence/absence of each stressor, or on the relative density of each stressor in the watershed. Each measure of severity was combined with a measure of frequency, creating four ecological threat indices, and transformed to a 0&ndash;100 scale. Threat indices were highly correlated (slopes of 0.94&ndash;1.63; <i>R</i><sup>2</sup> of 0.82&ndash;0.98), and were highest for watersheds close to urban centers, including Phoenix, Tucson, and Flagstaff, Arizona, and Las Vegas, Nevada. Road crossings and density appeared to be the most influential stressors in the index, but the removal of any individual stressor only changed the index by &lt;5.1 units. Our results indicate that a simpler index with less subjectivity (i.e., presence/absence of a stressor in a watershed) provides similar results to the more subjective measure of threats (i.e., peer-reviewed threat severity). Because these threats have been linked to ecological health, the development of the index should be a useful tool to identify regions of greatest potential threat to aquatic biota and can aid in conservation planning for the Lower Colorado River Basin.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier Applied Science","publisherLocation":"New York, NY","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolind.2010.05.008","usgsCitation":"Paukert, C.P., Pitts, K., Whittier, J.B., and Olden, J., 2011, Development and assessment of a landscape-scale ecological threat index for the Lower Colorado River Basin: Ecological Indicators, v. 11, no. 2, p. 3014-310, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2010.05.008.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"3014","endPage":"310","numberOfPages":"7","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-014967","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":302746,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"11","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"558e77b3e4b0b6d21dd65948","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Paukert, Craig P. 0000-0002-9369-8545 cpaukert@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9369-8545","contributorId":879,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paukert","given":"Craig","email":"cpaukert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":556921,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pitts, K.L.","contributorId":102255,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pitts","given":"K.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":557719,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Whittier, Joanna B.","contributorId":53151,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Whittier","given":"Joanna","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":557720,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Olden, Julian D.","contributorId":66951,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olden","given":"Julian D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":557721,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70236116,"text":"70236116 - 2011 - Halloysite nanotubes and bacteria at the saprolite-bedrock interface, Rio Icacos watershed, Puerto Rico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-29T16:28:55.763496","indexId":"70236116","displayToPublicDate":"2011-03-01T11:13:12","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3420,"text":"Soil Science Society of America Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Halloysite nanotubes and bacteria at the saprolite-bedrock interface, Rio Icacos watershed, Puerto Rico","docAbstract":"<p><span>Quartz diorite bedrock underlying the Luquillo Mountains of eastern Puerto Rico undergoes weathering at one of the fastest documented rates for granitic rocks in the world. Although tropical temperatures and precipitation promote rapid weathering in this location, increased bacterial densities in the regolith immediately above the bedrock suggest that microorganisms contribute to mineral weathering as well. Deep saprolite and saprock samples were obtained at the bedrock interface in an upland location (Guaba Ridge) in the Rio Icacos watershed for examination by environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM). In ESEM images, mineral nanotubes were observed to occur frequently in association with coccus- and rod-shaped structures resembling bacteria. These nanotubes (50–140-nm width and 150–2700-nm length) were identified as halloysite using transmission electron microscopy. Observations of multiple nanotubes on the surfaces of an individual cell are consistent with the cell's exterior functional groups interacting with Si in pore water to facilitate halloysite nucleation. We propose that one mechanism by which bacteria contribute to the rapid weathering of quartz diorite minerals in this regolith is by lowering the free energy for secondary mineral formation. The presence of bacterial surfaces may result in more rapid removal of Si from solution, thereby increasing the dissolution rates of primary minerals.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, and Soil Science Society of America","doi":"10.2136/sssaj2010.0126nps","usgsCitation":"Minyard, M.L., Bruns, M.A., Martinez, C.E., Liermann, L., Buss, H.L., and Brantley, S., 2011, Halloysite nanotubes and bacteria at the saprolite-bedrock interface, Rio Icacos watershed, Puerto Rico: Soil Science Society of America Journal, v. 75, no. 2, p. 348-356, https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2010.0126nps.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"348","endPage":"356","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":405802,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Puerto Rico","otherGeospatial":"Rio Icacos watershed","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -65.82,\n              18.26\n            ],\n            [\n              -65.77,\n              18.26\n            ],\n            [\n              -65.77,\n              18.30\n            ],\n            [\n              -65.82,\n              18.30\n            ],\n            [\n              -65.82,\n              18.26\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"75","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Minyard, Morgan L.","contributorId":295913,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Minyard","given":"Morgan","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":850129,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bruns, Mary Ann","contributorId":214157,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bruns","given":"Mary","email":"","middleInitial":"Ann","affiliations":[{"id":7260,"text":"Pennsylvania State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":850130,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Martinez, Carmen E.","contributorId":295914,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Martinez","given":"Carmen","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":850131,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Liermann, Laura","contributorId":98632,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liermann","given":"Laura","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":850132,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Buss, Heather L. 0000-0002-1852-3657","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1852-3657","contributorId":15478,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buss","given":"Heather","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":850133,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Brantley, Susan L.","contributorId":38461,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brantley","given":"Susan L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":850134,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":99071,"text":"fs20113011 - 2011 - Pesticides in Wyoming's rivers, 2006-10","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:39","indexId":"fs20113011","displayToPublicDate":"2011-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-3011","title":"Pesticides in Wyoming's rivers, 2006-10","docAbstract":"In 2006, the U.S. Geological Survey completed a study in cooperation with the Wyoming Department of Agriculture to determine the occurrence of pesticides in four major rivers within the Bighorn and North Platte River Basins in Wyoming. Surface-water samples were collected at five sites during three different times of the year and detectable concentrations of pesticides were measured in samples collected during all three sampling events. In 2009-10, the USGS, in cooperation with the WDA, resampled three of the sites from the 2006 study and three additional sites located in areas of interest to the State of Wyoming to further describe the occurrence of pesticides in Wyoming's rivers. The change was made in order to include sites located near cities and towns. Results from the 2009-10 sampling along with comparisons to data collected in 2006 are presented in this fact sheet.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/fs20113011","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Wyoming Department of Agriculture","usgsCitation":"Eddy-Miller, C., 2011, Pesticides in Wyoming's rivers, 2006-10: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2011-3011, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20113011.","productDescription":"4 p.","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2006-01-01","temporalEnd":"2010-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":684,"text":"Wyoming Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":126401,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2011_3011.png"},{"id":14520,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2011/3011/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -111,41 ], [ -111,45 ], [ -104,45 ], [ -104,41 ], [ -111,41 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae0e4b07f02db68826d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eddy-Miller, Cheryl A.","contributorId":86755,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eddy-Miller","given":"Cheryl A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307465,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":99070,"text":"ofr20111029 - 2011 - Elevation of the March-April 2010 flood high water in selected river reaches in Rhode Island","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:39","indexId":"ofr20111029","displayToPublicDate":"2011-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-1029","title":"Elevation of the March-April 2010 flood high water in selected river reaches in Rhode Island","docAbstract":"A series of widespread, large, low-pressure systems in southern New England in late February through late March 2010 resulted in record, or near record, rainfall and runoff. The total rainfall in the region during this period ranged from about 19 to 25 inches, which coupled with seasonal low evaporation, resulted in record or near record peak flows at 21 of 25 streamgages in Rhode Island and southeastern Massachusetts. The highest record peaks occurred in late March-early April and generally greatly exceeded the earlier March peaks that were near or exceeded the peak of record for 10 of the 25 streamgages. Determination of the flood-peak high-water elevation is a critical part of the recovery operations and post-flood analysis for improving future flood-hazard maps and flood-management practices. High-water marks (HWMs) were identified by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) from April 2-7, 2010, and by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) from April 3-7, 2010, in five major river basins including the Blackstone, Hunt, Moshassuck, Pawtuxet, and Woonasquatucket along the mainstems and in many tributaries. The USGS identified 276 HWMs at 137 sites. A site may have more than one HWM, typically upstream and downstream of a bridge. The USACE identified 144 HWMs at 127 sites. The HWMs identified by the USGS and USACE covered about 170 river miles, determined from the upstream and downstream HWMs. Elevation of HWMs were later determined to a standard vertical datum (NAVD 88) using the Global Navigation Satellite System and survey-grade Global Positioning System (GPS) receivers along with standard optical surveying equipment.\r\n","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20111029","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Homeland Security Federal Emergency Management Agency","usgsCitation":"Zarriello, P.J., and Bent, G.C., 2011, Elevation of the March-April 2010 flood high water in selected river reaches in Rhode Island: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1029, iv, 34 p.; Zip File , https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111029.","productDescription":"iv, 34 p.; Zip File ","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116638,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2011_1029.gif"},{"id":14518,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1029/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"projection":"Polyconic","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -71.83333333333333,41.25 ], [ -71.83333333333333,42 ], [ -71,42 ], [ -71,41.25 ], [ -71.83333333333333,41.25 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ab1e4b07f02db66e9ef","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zarriello, Phillip J. 0000-0001-9598-9904 pzarriel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9598-9904","contributorId":1868,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zarriello","given":"Phillip","email":"pzarriel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":307464,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bent, Gardner C. 0000-0002-5085-3146 gbent@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5085-3146","contributorId":1864,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bent","given":"Gardner","email":"gbent@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":307463,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":99069,"text":"sir20105246 - 2011 - Three-dimensional model of the geologic framework for the Columbia Plateau Regional Aquifer System, Idaho, Oregon, and Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-12T11:48:26.487237","indexId":"sir20105246","displayToPublicDate":"2011-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-5246","title":"Three-dimensional model of the geologic framework for the Columbia Plateau Regional Aquifer System, Idaho, Oregon, and Washington","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20105246","collaboration":"U.S. Geological Survey Groundwater Resources Program","usgsCitation":"Burns, E., Morgan, D.S., Peavler, R., and Kahle, S.C., 2011, Three-dimensional model of the geologic framework for the Columbia Plateau Regional Aquifer System, Idaho, Oregon, and Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2010-5246, Report: vi, 44 p.; 7 Figures; Interactive Webtool; Data: GIS Surfaces; Borehole Data, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20105246.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 44 p.; 7 Figures; Interactive Webtool; Data: GIS Surfaces; Borehole Data","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116635,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2010_5246.bmp"},{"id":299029,"rank":6,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5246/pdf/sir20105246_fig08.pdf","text":"Figure 8","size":"930 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Figure 8","linkHelpText":"Layered PDF"},{"id":299035,"rank":12,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/GIS/dsdl/ColumbiaRiverPlateauGeomodel.zip","text":"Data: GIS Surfaces","size":"90 MB","description":"Data: GIS Surfaces"},{"id":299036,"rank":13,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/GIS/metadata/usgswrd/XML/sir2010-5246_strat.xml","text":"Borehole Data","description":"Borehole Data"},{"id":299025,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5246/"},{"id":299026,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5246/pdf/sir20105246.pdf","text":"Report","size":"15.5 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":299027,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5246/pdf/sir20105246_fig01a.pdf","text":"Figure 1A","size":"1.1 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Figure 1A","linkHelpText":"Layered PDF"},{"id":299028,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5246/pdf/sir20105246_fig01b.pdf","text":"Figure 1B","size":"932 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Figure 1B","linkHelpText":"Layered PDF"},{"id":299030,"rank":7,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5246/pdf/sir20105246_fig09a.pdf","text":"Figure 9A","size":"572 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Figure 9A","linkHelpText":"Layered PDF"},{"id":299031,"rank":8,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5246/pdf/sir20105246_fig09b.pdf","text":"Figure 9B","size":"553 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Figure 9B","linkHelpText":"Layered PDF"},{"id":299034,"rank":11,"type":{"id":4,"text":"Application Site"},"url":"https://or.water.usgs.gov/proj/cpras/index.html","text":"Interactive Webtool","description":"Interactive Webtool"},{"id":299033,"rank":10,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5246/pdf/sir20105246_fig09d.pdf","text":"Figure 9D","size":"2.4 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Figure 9D","linkHelpText":"Layered PDF"},{"id":299032,"rank":9,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5246/pdf/sir20105246_fig09c.pdf","text":"Figure 9C","size":"1 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Figure 9C","linkHelpText":"Layered PDF"}],"projection":"Lambert Conformal Conic","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122,44.25 ], [ -122,48.5 ], [ -115.75,48.5 ], [ -115.75,44.25 ], [ -122,44.25 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a53e4b07f02db62b853","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Burns, Erick R. 0000-0002-1747-0506","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1747-0506","contributorId":84802,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burns","given":"Erick R.","affiliations":[{"id":310,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy and Geophysics Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":307462,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Morgan, David S.","contributorId":73181,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morgan","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307461,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Peavler, Rachael S.","contributorId":26414,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peavler","given":"Rachael S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307460,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kahle, Sue C. 0000-0003-1262-4446 sckahle@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1262-4446","contributorId":3096,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kahle","given":"Sue","email":"sckahle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":307459,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70043495,"text":"70043495 - 2011 - Enhancing the Simplified Surface Energy Balance (SSEB) Approach for Estimating Landscape ET: Validation with the METRIC model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-15T13:58:50","indexId":"70043495","displayToPublicDate":"2011-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":680,"text":"Agricultural Water Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Enhancing the Simplified Surface Energy Balance (SSEB) Approach for Estimating Landscape ET: Validation with the METRIC model","docAbstract":"Evapotranspiration (ET) can be derived from satellite data using surface energy balance principles. METRIC (Mapping EvapoTranspiration at high Resolution with Internalized Calibration) is one of the most widely used models available in the literature to estimate ET from satellite imagery. The Simplified Surface Energy Balance (SSEB) model is much easier and less expensive to implement. The main purpose of this research was to present an enhanced version of the Simplified Surface Energy Balance (SSEB) model and to evaluate its performance using the established METRIC model. In this study, SSEB and METRIC ET fractions were compared using 7 Landsat images acquired for south central Idaho during the 2003 growing season. The enhanced SSEB model compared well with the METRIC model output exhibiting an r2 improvement from 0.83 to 0.90 in less complex topography (elevation less than 2000 m) and with an improvement of r2 from 0.27 to 0.38 in more complex (mountain) areas with elevation greater than 2000 m. Independent evaluation showed that both models exhibited higher variation in complex topographic regions, although more with SSEB than with METRIC. The higher ET fraction variation in the complex mountainous regions highlighted the difficulty of capturing the radiation and heat transfer physics on steep slopes having variable aspect with the simple index model, and the need to conduct more research. However, the temporal consistency of the results suggests that the SSEB model can be used on a wide range of elevation (more successfully up 2000 m) to detect anomalies in space and time for water resources management and monitoring such as for drought early warning systems in data scarce regions. SSEB has a potential for operational agro-hydrologic applications to estimate ET with inputs of surface temperature, NDVI, DEM and reference ET.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Agricultural Water Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/j.agwat.2010.10.014","usgsCitation":"Senay, G.B., Budde, M.E., and Verdin, J.P., 2011, Enhancing the Simplified Surface Energy Balance (SSEB) Approach for Estimating Landscape ET: Validation with the METRIC model: Agricultural Water Management, v. 98, no. 4, p. 606-618, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2010.10.014.","startPage":"606","endPage":"618","ipdsId":"IP-016651","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":267573,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":267572,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2010.10.014"}],"country":"United States","volume":"98","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"511f6714e4b03b29402c5dd3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Senay, Gabriel B. 0000-0002-8810-8539 senay@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8810-8539","contributorId":3114,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Senay","given":"Gabriel","email":"senay@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":473711,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Budde, Michael E. 0000-0002-9098-2751 mbudde@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9098-2751","contributorId":3007,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Budde","given":"Michael","email":"mbudde@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":473710,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Verdin, James P. 0000-0003-0238-9657 verdin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0238-9657","contributorId":720,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Verdin","given":"James","email":"verdin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":473709,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70042434,"text":"70042434 - 2011 - Cumuilative Effects of Impoundments on the Hydrology of Riparian Wetlands along the Marmaton River, west-central Missouri","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-23T08:33:42","indexId":"70042434","displayToPublicDate":"2011-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3750,"text":"Wetlands","onlineIssn":"1943-6246","printIssn":"0277-5212","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Cumuilative Effects of Impoundments on the Hydrology of Riparian Wetlands along the Marmaton River, west-central Missouri","docAbstract":"The effects of proposed impoundments and resulting streamflow regulation on riparian wetlands in the Marmaton River Basin, Missouri, USA were determined using measurements and numerical simulations of wetland water budgets. Calibrated and validated Soil-Plant-Air-Water (SPAW) models were used to simulate daily water depths of four riparian wetlands for Current (model scenario of existing impoundments) and Proposed (model scenario of existing and proposed impoundments) impoundment conditions. The simulated frequency of flooding decreased 19–65% at the wetlands following the additions of proposed impoundments. The reduced flooding resulted in decreases in wetland water depths at all sites during the 10 simulated growing seasons under Proposed conditions with an average duration of continuous water-depth declines of 289 days at the upstream (most regulated) site. Downstream wetlands within the zone of least regulation had an average duration of water level decreases of about 20 days. Decreased water levels under Proposed conditions resulted in a range of 65–365 additional dry days at the study wetlands during the simulated 10-year period of Proposed conditions. The areas of the four wetlands meeting the hydrologic criteria of a formal jurisdictional wetland definition decreased ranging from zero to 31% under Proposed impoundment conditions.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wetlands","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s13157-010-0121-z","usgsCitation":"Heimann, D.C., and Krempa, H., 2011, Cumuilative Effects of Impoundments on the Hydrology of Riparian Wetlands along the Marmaton River, west-central Missouri: Wetlands, v. 31, no. 1, p. 135-146, https://doi.org/10.1007/s13157-010-0121-z.","startPage":"135","endPage":"146","ipdsId":"IP-017126","costCenters":[{"id":396,"text":"Missouri Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":267991,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":267990,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13157-010-0121-z"}],"country":"United States","volume":"31","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-01-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5129f318e4b04edf7e93f879","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Heimann, David C. 0000-0003-0450-2545 dheimann@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0450-2545","contributorId":3822,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heimann","given":"David","email":"dheimann@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":36532,"text":"Central Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":396,"text":"Missouri Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":471516,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Krempa, Heather M.","contributorId":35612,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krempa","given":"Heather M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471517,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70190216,"text":"70190216 - 2011 - Effects of spatial disturbance on common loon nest site selection and territory success","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-06T15:34:51.901899","indexId":"70190216","displayToPublicDate":"2011-02-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of spatial disturbance on common loon nest site selection and territory success","docAbstract":"<p><span>The common loon (</span><i>Gavia immer</i><span>) breeds during the summer on northern lakes and water bodies that are also often desirable areas for aquatic recreation and human habitation. In northern New England, we assessed how the spatial nature of disturbance affects common loon nest site selection and territory success. We found through classification and regression analysis that distance to and density of disturbance factors can be used to classify observed nest site locations versus random points, suggesting that these factors affect loon nest site selection (model 1: Correct classification = 75%, null = 50%,<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>K</i><span> = 0.507,<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>P</i><span> &lt; 0.001; model 2: Correct classification = 78%, null = 50%,<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>K</i><span> = 0.551,<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>P</i><span> &lt; 0.001). However, in an exploratory analysis, we were unable to show a relation between spatial disturbance variables and breeding success (</span><i>P</i><span> = 0.595,<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>R</i><sup>2</sup><span> = 0.436), possibly because breeding success was so low during the breeding seasons of 2007–2008. We suggest that by selecting nest site locations that avoid disturbance factors, loons thereby limit the effect that disturbance will have on their breeding success. Still, disturbance may force loons to use sub-optimal nesting habitat, limiting the available number of territories, and overall productivity. We advise that management efforts focus on limiting disturbance factors to allow breeding pairs access to the best nesting territories, relieving disturbance pressures that may force sub-optimal nest placement.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/jwmg.50","usgsCitation":"McCarthy, K.P., and DeStefano, S., 2011, Effects of spatial disturbance on common loon nest site selection and territory success: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 75, no. 2, p. 289-296, https://doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.50.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"289","endPage":"296","ipdsId":"IP-017686","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":344985,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maine, New Hampshire","otherGeospatial":"Lake Umbagog","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      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,{"id":9000615,"text":"sir20105183 - 2011 - Simulation of hydraulic conditions and observed and potential geomorphic changes in a reconfigured reach of Muddy Creek, north-central Colorado, 2001-2008","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-02T17:16:08","indexId":"sir20105183","displayToPublicDate":"2011-02-25T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-5183","title":"Simulation of hydraulic conditions and observed and potential geomorphic changes in a reconfigured reach of Muddy Creek, north-central Colorado, 2001-2008","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20105183","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Colorado Water Conservation Board and the Colorado River Water Conservation District ","usgsCitation":"Elliott, J.G., Schaffrath, K., McDonald, R.R., Williams, C., and Davis, K., 2011, Simulation of hydraulic conditions and observed and potential geomorphic changes in a reconfigured reach of Muddy Creek, north-central Colorado, 2001-2008: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2010-5183, v, 43 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20105183.","productDescription":"v, 43 p. ","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116639,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2010_5183.bmp"},{"id":14516,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5183/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f7e4b07f02db5f22e8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Elliott, J. G.","contributorId":45341,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elliott","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344378,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schaffrath, K.R.","contributorId":16937,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schaffrath","given":"K.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344377,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McDonald, R. R.","contributorId":72810,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McDonald","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344380,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Williams, C.A.","contributorId":79571,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344381,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Davis, K.C.","contributorId":70499,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"K.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344379,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":99067,"text":"sir20105250 - 2011 - Hydrogeology and simulation of groundwater flow in fractured rock in the Newark basin, Rockland County, New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:39","indexId":"sir20105250","displayToPublicDate":"2011-02-25T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-5250","title":"Hydrogeology and simulation of groundwater flow in fractured rock in the Newark basin, Rockland County, New York","docAbstract":"Groundwater in the Newark basin aquifer flows primarily through discrete water-bearing zones parallel to the strike and dip of bedding, whereas flow perpendicular to the strike is restricted, thereby imparting anisotropy to the groundwater flow field. The finite-element model SUTRA was used to represent bedrock structure in the aquifer by spatially varying the orientation of the hydraulic conductivity tensor to reflect variations in the strike and dip of the bedding. Directions of maximum and medium hydraulic conductivity were oriented parallel to the bedding, and the direction of minimum hydraulic conductivity was oriented perpendicular to the bedding. Groundwater flow models were prepared to simulate local flow in the vicinity of the Spring Valley well field and regional flow through the Newark basin aquifer. The Newark basin contains sedimentary rocks deposited as alluvium during the Late Triassic and is one of a series of basins that developed when Mesozoic rifting of the super continent Pangea created the Atlantic Ocean. The westward-dipping basin is filled with interbedded facies of coarse-grained to fine-grained rocks that were intruded by diabase associated with Jurassic volcanism. The Newark basin aquifer is bounded to the north and east by the Palisades sill and to the west by the Ramapo Fault. Although the general dip of bedding is toward the fault, mapping of conglomerate beds indicates the rocks are folded into broad anticlines and synclines. An alternative, more uniform pattern of regional structure, based on interpolated strike and dip measurements from a number of sources, has also been proposed. Two groundwater flow models (A for the former type of bedrock structure and B for the latter type) were developed to represent these alternative depictions of bedrock structure. Transient simulations were calibrated to reproduce measured water-level recoveries in a 9.3 mi&sup2 area surrounding the Spring Valley well field during a 5-day aquifer test in 1992. The models represented a 330-ft thick rock mass divided vertically into 10 equally spaced layers and were calibrated through nonlinear regression. Results of model B best matched the observed water-level recoveries with an estimated hydraulic conductivity of 9.5 ft/day, specific storage of 7.6 x 10 -6 ft -1, and K<sub>max</sub>: K<sub>min</sub> anisotropy ratio (hydraulic conductivity parallel to bedding: perpendicular to bedding) of 72:1. Model error was 50 percent greater in model A because the assumed structure did not match the actual strike of bedding in this area. Steady-state simulations of regional flow through the 85.4-mi2 modeled extent of the Newark basin aquifer represented both the alluvial aquifer beneath the Mawah River and the fractured bedrock. The rock mass was divided into two aquifer units: an upper 500-ft thick unit divided into 10 equally spaced layers through which most groundwater is assumed to flow and a lower unit divided into 7 layers with increasing thickness. Models were calibrated through nonlinear regression to average water levels measured in 140 wells from August 2005 through April 2007. Water levels simulated using the two models were similar and generally matched those observed, and the average recharge rate estimated using both models was 19 inches/year for the simulated period. Estimated transmissivity parallel to the strike of bedding (1,100 ft&sup2/d) was uniform in two transmissivity (T) zones in model A, but in model B the transmissivity of a high T zone (1,600 ft&sup2/d), delineated on the basis of aquifer test data, was slightly greater than in a low T zone (1,300 ft&sup2/d). The K<sub>max</sub>: K<sub>min</sub> anisotropy was estimated to be 58:1 in model A and 410:1 in model B, so the proportion of flow perpendicular to bedding is less in model B than in model A. Distributions of groundwater age simulated with models A and B are similar and indicate that most shallow ground-water (225 ft below the bedrock surface) is 5 t","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20105250","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Rockland County, New York, and\r\nNew York State Department of Environmental Conservation\r\n","usgsCitation":"Yager, R.M., and Ratcliffe, N.M., 2011, Hydrogeology and simulation of groundwater flow in fractured rock in the Newark basin, Rockland County, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2010-5250, iiv, 66 p. ; Appendices ; GIS Datasets; Companion Report , https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20105250.","productDescription":"iiv, 66 p. ; Appendices ; GIS Datasets; Companion Report ","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116634,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2010_5250.gif"},{"id":14514,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5250/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -74.25,41 ], [ -74.25,41.36805555555556 ], [ -73.83333333333333,41.36805555555556 ], [ -73.83333333333333,41 ], [ -74.25,41 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adae4b07f02db685526","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yager, Richard M. 0000-0001-7725-1148 ryager@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7725-1148","contributorId":950,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yager","given":"Richard","email":"ryager@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":614,"text":"Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":307451,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ratcliffe, Nicholas M. 0000-0002-7922-5784 nratclif@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7922-5784","contributorId":4167,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ratcliffe","given":"Nicholas","email":"nratclif@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":307452,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":99065,"text":"sir20095127 - 2011 - Simulated effects of water withdrawals and land-use changes on streamflows and groundwater levels in the Pawcatuck River Basin, southwestern Rhode Island and southeastern Connecticut","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-17T13:35:52","indexId":"sir20095127","displayToPublicDate":"2011-02-24T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-5127","title":"Simulated effects of water withdrawals and land-use changes on streamflows and groundwater levels in the Pawcatuck River Basin, southwestern Rhode Island and southeastern Connecticut","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20095127","collaboration":"Prepared in Cooperation with the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service and the Rhode Island Water Resources Board\r\n","usgsCitation":"Bent, G.C., Zarriello, P.J., Granato, G., Masterson, J., Walter, D.A., Waite, A.M., and Church, P.E., 2011, Simulated effects of water withdrawals and land-use changes on streamflows and groundwater levels in the Pawcatuck River Basin, southwestern Rhode Island and southeastern Connecticut: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2009-5127, 122 p.; Appendices; Figures; Tables; PDF of Report in four parts; Summary; PDF of Appendix in four parts; ZIP file of full report, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20095127.","productDescription":"122 p.; Appendices; Figures; Tables; PDF of Report in four parts; Summary; PDF of Appendix in four parts; ZIP file of full report","costCenters":[{"id":377,"text":"Massachusetts-Rhode Island Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116632,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2009_5127.png"},{"id":14511,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2009/5127","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -72,41.333333333333336 ], [ -72,41.7 ], [ -71.45,41.7 ], [ -71.45,41.333333333333336 ], [ -72,41.333333333333336 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f9e4b07f02db5f3257","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bent, Gardner C. 0000-0002-5085-3146 gbent@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5085-3146","contributorId":1864,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bent","given":"Gardner","email":"gbent@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":307444,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zarriello, Phillip J. 0000-0001-9598-9904 pzarriel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9598-9904","contributorId":1868,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zarriello","given":"Phillip","email":"pzarriel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":307446,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Granato, Gregory E. 0000-0002-2561-9913 ggranato@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2561-9913","contributorId":1692,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Granato","given":"Gregory E.","email":"ggranato@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":307443,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Masterson, John P. 0000-0003-3202-4413 jpmaster@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3202-4413","contributorId":1865,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Masterson","given":"John P.","email":"jpmaster@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":307445,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Walter, Donald A. 0000-0003-0879-4477 dawalter@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0879-4477","contributorId":1101,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walter","given":"Donald","email":"dawalter@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":307442,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Waite, Andrew M. awaite@usgs.gov","contributorId":2215,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waite","given":"Andrew","email":"awaite@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":307447,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Church, Peter E.","contributorId":99178,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Church","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307448,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":9000610,"text":"sir20115022 - 2011 - Crims Island-Restoration and monitoring of juvenile salmon rearing habitat in the Columbia River Estuary, Oregon, 2004-10","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:19","indexId":"sir20115022","displayToPublicDate":"2011-02-23T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-5022","title":"Crims Island-Restoration and monitoring of juvenile salmon rearing habitat in the Columbia River Estuary, Oregon, 2004-10","docAbstract":"Under the 2004 Biological Opinion for operation of the Federal Columbia River Power System released by the National Marine Fisheries Service, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE), the Bonneville Power Administration (BPA), and the Bureau of Reclamation (Reclamation) were directed to restore more than 4,047 hectares (10,000 acres) of tidal marsh in the Columbia River estuary by 2010. Restoration of Crims Island near Longview, Washington, restored 38.1 hectares of marsh and swamp in the tidal freshwater portion of the lower Columbia River. The goal of the restoration was to improve habitat for juveniles of Endangered Species Act (ESA)-listed salmon stocks and ESA-listed Columbian white-tailed deer. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) monitored and evaluated the fisheries and aquatic resources at Crims Island in 2004 prior to restoration (pre-restoration), which began in August 2004, and then post-restoration from 2006 to 2009. This report summarizes pre- and post-restoration monitoring data used by the USGS to evaluate project success. We evaluated project success by examining the interaction between juvenile salmon and a suite of broader ecological measures including sediments, plants, and invertebrates and their response to large-scale habitat alteration. The restoration action at Crims Island from August 2004 to September 2005 was to excavate a 0.6-meter layer of soil and dig channels in the interior of the island to remove reed canary grass and increase habitat area and tidal exchange. The excavation created 34.4 hectares of tidal emergent marsh where none previously existed and 3.7 hectares of intertidal and subtidal channels. Cattle that had grazed the island for more than 50 years were relocated. Soil excavated from the site was deposited in upland areas next to the tidal marsh to establish an upland forest. Excavation deepened and widened an existing T-shaped channel to increase tidal flow to the interior of the island. The western arm of the existing 'T-channel' was extended westward and connected to Bradbury Slough to create a second outlet to the main river. New intertidal channels were constructed from the existing 'T-channel' and tidal mudflats became inundated at high tide to increase rearing habitat for juvenile salmonids. The restoration action resulted in a 95-percent increase in available juvenile salmon rearing habitat. We collected juvenile salmon and other fishes at Crims Island and a nearby reference site using beach seines and fyke nets annually from March through August during all years. Benthic invertebrates were collected with sediment corers and drift invertebrates were collected with neuston nets. Juvenile salmon stomach contents were sampled using lavage. Vegetation and sediments characteristics were surveyed and we conducted a topographic/bathymetric survey using a RTK (real time kinematic) GPS (global positioning system). The fish assemblage at Crims Island, composed primarily of threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus), non-native banded killifish (Fundulus diaphanus), peamouth chub (Mylocheilus caurinus), subyearling Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) (hereinafter referred to as subyearlings), and small numbers of juvenile chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta), did not differ appreciably pre- and post-restoration. Subyearlings were the primary salmonid collected and were seasonally abundant from April through May during all years. The abundance of juvenile salmon declined seasonally as water temperature exceeded 20 degrees C in the Reference site by mid-June; however, subyearlings persisted at the Mainstem site and in subtidal channels of the Restoration site through the summer in water temperatures exceeding 22 degrees C. Residence times of subyearlings in Crims Island backwaters generally were short consisting of one or two tidal cycles. Median residence time was longer in the Restoration site than in the Reference site pre- and post-restoration. Small (mean = 55.7 millimeters) subyea","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20115022","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Portland District of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","usgsCitation":"Haskell, C.A., and Tiffan, K.F., 2011, Crims Island-Restoration and monitoring of juvenile salmon rearing habitat in the Columbia River Estuary, Oregon, 2004-10: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5022, viii, 33 p.; Appendix, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20115022.","productDescription":"viii, 33 p.; Appendix","numberOfPages":"50","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2004-01-01","temporalEnd":"2010-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116631,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2011_5022.jpg"},{"id":19217,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5022/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad5e4b07f02db683374","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Haskell, Craig A. 0000-0002-3604-1758 chaskell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3604-1758","contributorId":3458,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haskell","given":"Craig","email":"chaskell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":344376,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tiffan, Kenneth F. 0000-0002-5831-2846 ktiffan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5831-2846","contributorId":3200,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tiffan","given":"Kenneth","email":"ktiffan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":344375,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":99061,"text":"ofr20101118 - 2011 - National Assessment of Shoreline Change; historical shoreline change along the New England and Mid-Atlantic coasts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:27","indexId":"ofr20101118","displayToPublicDate":"2011-02-22T21:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-1118","title":"National Assessment of Shoreline Change; historical shoreline change along the New England and Mid-Atlantic coasts","docAbstract":"Beach erosion is a chronic problem along many open-ocean shores of the United States. As coastal populations continue to grow and community infrastructures are threatened by erosion, there is increased demand for accurate information regarding past and present trends and rates of shoreline movement. There is also a need for a comprehensive analysis of shoreline movement that is consistent from one coastal region to another. To meet these national needs, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) is conducting an analysis of historical shoreline changes along open-ocean sandy shores of the conterminous United States and parts of Hawaii, Alaska, and the Great Lakes. One purpose of this work is to develop standard, repeatable methods for mapping and analyzing shoreline movement so that periodic, systematic, internally consistent updates regarding coastal erosion and land loss can be made nationally. In the case of this study, the shoreline is the interpreted boundary between the ocean water surface and the sandy beach. This report on the New England and Mid-Atlantic coasts is the fifth in a series of reports on historical shoreline change. Previous investigations include analyses and descriptive reports of the Gulf of Mexico, the Southeast Atlantic, and, for California, the sandy shoreline and the coastal cliffs. The rates of change presented in this report represent conditions up to the date of the most recent shoreline data and therefore are not intended for predicting future shoreline positions or rates of change. Because of the geomorphology of the New England and Mid-Atlantic (rocky coastlines, large embayments and beaches) as well as data gaps in some areas, this report presents beach erosion rates for 78 percent of the 1,360 kilometers of the New England and Mid-Atlantic coasts. The New England and Mid-Atlantic shores were subdivided into a total of 10 analysis regions for the purpose of reporting regional trends in shoreline change rates. The average rate of long-term shoreline change for the New England and Mid-Atlantic coasts was -0.5 meters per year with an uncertainty in the long-term trend of plus or minus 0.09 meters per year. The rate is based on shoreline change rates averaged from 21,184 individual transects, of which 68 percent were eroding. In both the long and short term, the average rates of shoreline change for New England and the Mid-Atlantic were erosional. Long-term erosion rates were generally lower in New England than in the Mid-Atlantic. This is a function of the dominant coastal geomorphology; New England has a greater percentage of shore types that tend to erode more slowly (rocky coasts, pocket beaches, and mainland beaches), whereas the Mid-Atlantic is dominated by more vulnerable barrier islands and dynamic spit/inlet environments. However, the percentage of coastline eroding was higher in New England than in the Mid-Atlantic, highlighting that although rates of shoreline erosion may not be extreme, coastal erosion is still widespread along this region of the U.S. coastline. The average rate of short-term shoreline change for the New England and Mid-Atlantic coasts was also erosional but the rate of erosion decreased in comparison to long-term rates. The net short-term rate as averaged along 17,045 transects was -0.3 meters per year. Uncertainties for these rates range from 0.06 to 0.1 meters per year depending on the data sources used in the rate calculations. Of transects used to measure short-term change, 60 percent were erosional, as compared to 65 percent of coast eroding in the long term. The slight decrease (5 percent) in the amount of coastline eroding may be related to an increase in the frequency and extent of nourishment programs and (or) the effects of hardened structures during the more recent time period. The most stable (lower rates of erosion) beaches were more commonly found in New England. Despite an overall lowering of the average rates of erosion from long-term to short-term, the amount","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20101118","usgsCitation":"Hapke, C.J., Himmelstoss, E., Kratzmann, M., List, J., and Thieler, E.R., 2011, National Assessment of Shoreline Change; historical shoreline change along the New England and Mid-Atlantic coasts: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010-1118, v, 57 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20101118.","productDescription":"v, 57 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116247,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2010_1118.gif"},{"id":14510,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1118/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a82e4b07f02db64aef1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hapke, Cheryl J. 0000-0002-2753-4075 chapke@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2753-4075","contributorId":2981,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hapke","given":"Cheryl","email":"chapke@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":6676,"text":"USGS (retired)","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":true,"id":307434,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Himmelstoss, Emily A.","contributorId":24736,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Himmelstoss","given":"Emily A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307436,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kratzmann, Meredith G.","contributorId":11565,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kratzmann","given":"Meredith G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307435,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"List, Jeffrey H. jlist@usgs.gov","contributorId":2416,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"List","given":"Jeffrey H.","email":"jlist@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":307432,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Thieler, E. Robert 0000-0003-4311-9717 rthieler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4311-9717","contributorId":2488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thieler","given":"E.","email":"rthieler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Robert","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":307433,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70217732,"text":"70217732 - 2011 - Hydrogeophysical methods for analyzing aquifer storage and recovery systems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-29T16:18:34.463796","indexId":"70217732","displayToPublicDate":"2011-02-22T10:13:16","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3825,"text":"Groundwater","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydrogeophysical methods for analyzing aquifer storage and recovery systems","docAbstract":"<p><span>Hydrogeophysical methods are presented that support the siting and monitoring of aquifer storage and recovery (ASR) systems. These methods are presented as numerical simulations in the context of a proposed ASR experiment in Kuwait, although the techniques are applicable to numerous ASR projects. Bulk geophysical properties are calculated directly from ASR flow and solute transport simulations using standard petrophysical relationships and are used to simulate the dynamic geophysical response to ASR. This strategy provides a quantitative framework for determining site‐specific geophysical methods and data acquisition geometries that can provide the most useful information about the ASR implementation. An axisymmetric, coupled fluid flow and solute transport model simulates injection, storage, and withdrawal of fresh water (salinity ∼500 ppm) into the Dammam aquifer, a tertiary carbonate formation with native salinity approximately 6000 ppm. Sensitivity of the flow simulations to the correlation length of aquifer heterogeneity, aquifer dispersivity, and hydraulic permeability of the confining layer are investigated. The geophysical response using electrical resistivity, time‐domain electromagnetic (TEM), and seismic methods is computed at regular intervals during the ASR simulation to investigate the sensitivity of these different techniques to changes in subsurface properties. For the electrical and electromagnetic methods, fluid electric conductivity is derived from the modeled salinity and is combined with an assumed porosity model to compute a bulk electrical resistivity structure. The seismic response is computed from the porosity model and changes in effective stress due to fluid pressure variations during injection/recovery, while changes in fluid properties are introduced through Gassmann fluid substitution.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"National Ground Water Association","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.2010.00676.x","usgsCitation":"Minsley, B.J., Ajo-Franklin, J.B., Mukhopadhyay, A., and Morgan, F.D., 2011, Hydrogeophysical methods for analyzing aquifer storage and recovery systems: Groundwater, v. 49, no. 2, p. 250-269, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2010.00676.x.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"250","endPage":"269","costCenters":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475028,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2010.00676.x","text":"External Repository"},{"id":382810,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Kuwait","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[47.97452,29.97582],[48.18319,29.53448],[48.09394,29.3063],[48.41609,28.552],[47.70885,28.52606],[47.45982,29.00252],[46.56871,29.09903],[47.30262,30.05907],[47.97452,29.97582]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Kuwait\"}}]}","volume":"49","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-02-22","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Minsley, Burke J. 0000-0003-1689-1306 bminsley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1689-1306","contributorId":697,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Minsley","given":"Burke","email":"bminsley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":809418,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ajo-Franklin, Jonathan B.","contributorId":30054,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ajo-Franklin","given":"Jonathan","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":809419,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mukhopadhyay, A.","contributorId":57762,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mukhopadhyay","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":809420,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Morgan, Frank Dale","contributorId":248580,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Morgan","given":"Frank","email":"","middleInitial":"Dale","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":809421,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":9000608,"text":"sir20115001 - 2011 - Estimates of deep-percolation return flow beneath a flood- and a sprinkler-irrigated site in Weld County, Colorado, 2008-2009","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-02T17:16:08","indexId":"sir20115001","displayToPublicDate":"2011-02-22T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-5001","title":"Estimates of deep-percolation return flow beneath a flood- and a sprinkler-irrigated site in Weld County, Colorado, 2008-2009","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20115001","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Central Colorado Water Conservancy District\r\n","usgsCitation":"Arnold, L.R., 2011, Estimates of deep-percolation return flow beneath a flood- and a sprinkler-irrigated site in Weld County, Colorado, 2008-2009: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5001, v, 225 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20115001.","productDescription":"v, 225 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":126193,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2011_5001.bmp"},{"id":14512,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5001/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ce4b07f02db5fcb41","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Arnold, L. R.","contributorId":92738,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arnold","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344373,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":99063,"text":"sir20105245 - 2011 - Water resources of Rockland County, New York, 2005-07, with emphasis on the Newark Basin Bedrock Aquifer","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:39","indexId":"sir20105245","displayToPublicDate":"2011-02-22T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-5245","title":"Water resources of Rockland County, New York, 2005-07, with emphasis on the Newark Basin Bedrock Aquifer","docAbstract":"Concerns over the state of water resources in Rockland County, NY, prompted an assessment of current (2005-07) conditions. The investigation included a review of all water resources but centered on the Newark basin aquifer, a fractured-bedrock aquifer over which nearly 300,000 people reside. Most concern has been focused on this aquifer because of (1) high summer pumping rates, with occasional entrained-air problems and an unexplained water-level decline at a monitoring well, (2) annual withdrawals that have approached or even exceeded previous estimates of aquifer recharge, and (3) numerous contamination problems that have caused temporary or long-term shutdown of production wells. Public water supply in Rockland County uses three sources of water in roughly equal parts: (1) the Newark basin sedimentary bedrock aquifer, (2) alluvial aquifers along the Ramapo and Mahwah Rivers, and (3) surface waters from Lake DeForest Reservoir and a smaller, new reservoir supply in the Highlands part of the county. Water withdrawals from the alluvial aquifer in the Ramapo River valley and the Lake DeForest Reservoir are subject to water-supply application permits that stipulate minimum flows that must be maintained downstream into New Jersey. There is a need, therefore, at a minimum, to prevent any loss of the bedrock-aquifer resource--to maintain it in terms of both sustainable use and water-quality protection. The framework of the Newark basin bedrock aquifer included characterization of (1) the structure and fracture occurrence associated with the Newark basin strata, (2) the texture and thickness of overlying glacial and alluvial deposits, (3) the presence of the Palisades sill and associated basaltic units on or within the Newark basin strata, and (4) the streams that drain the aquifer system. The greatest concern regarding sustainability of groundwater resources is the aquifer response to the seasonal increase in pumping rates from May through October (an average increase of 25 percent in 2005). In most cases, pump rates would have to be reduced as aquifer yield declines. This analysis underlines the fragility of the aquifer given the fact that recent years (2003-06) have been relatively wet. Impervious surfaces increase the amount of stormflow and decrease the amount of base flow in streams. Analysis of stormflows in watersheds with 11.9 and 17 percent impervious surface area increased the percentage of rainfall that becomes stormflow in streams by 7 to 8 percent and by 12.5 to 16.5 percent, respectively. Recharge was estimated from streamflow data and from groundwater-level data. Estimates from across the county in 1961 ranged from 24.8 inches in the northwest (New York Highlands area) to 14.7 inches in the southeast. Water budgets were generated for three basins with streamflow data. During 1959-94 and in 2006, groundwater pumpage for public supply accounted for 12 to 24 percent of recharge within the Mahwah River near Suffern, NY, watershed. Public-supply pumpage as a percentage of recharge in 2006 at the two other currently gaged watersheds (Pascack Brook and Saddle River) was 18 and 21 percent, respectively. About 12.9 billion gallons of water was used in Rockland County in 2005. The majority (63 percent) was for base-line domestic supply (non-growing season rates of use); of this amount, about 6 percent was from domestic wells and 94 percent was from production wells and reservoirs. Commercial, industrial, and institutional users made up 10 percent of total water use, and growing-season increases accounted for 18 percent. Sanitary sewers serve much of Rockland County and the majority of treated wastewater is discharged to the Hudson River, which is an estuary with brackish water adjacent to Rockland County. Inflow of stormwater and infiltration of groundwater constitute a significant additional contribution of water to the sanitary sewer system.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20105245","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Rockland County and\r\nNew York State Department of Environmental Conservation","usgsCitation":"Heisig, P.M., 2011, Water resources of Rockland County, New York, 2005-07, with emphasis on the Newark Basin Bedrock Aquifer: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2010-5245, xi, 130 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20105245.","productDescription":"xi, 130 p.","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2005-01-01","temporalEnd":"2007-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116226,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2010_5245.gif"},{"id":14508,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5245/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"24000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator Projection","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -74.25,41 ], [ -74.25,41.333333333333336 ], [ -73.83333333333333,41.333333333333336 ], [ -73.83333333333333,41 ], [ -74.25,41 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f4e4b07f02db5f070b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Heisig, Paul M. 0000-0003-0338-4970 pmheisig@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0338-4970","contributorId":793,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heisig","given":"Paul","email":"pmheisig@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":307440,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":99062,"text":"sir20115007 - 2011 - Predicting lake trophic state by relating Secchi-disk transparency measurements to Landsat-satellite imagery for Michigan inland lakes, 2003-05 and 2007-08","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-09-22T16:12:15","indexId":"sir20115007","displayToPublicDate":"2011-02-19T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-5007","title":"Predicting lake trophic state by relating Secchi-disk transparency measurements to Landsat-satellite imagery for Michigan inland lakes, 2003-05 and 2007-08","docAbstract":"<p>Inland lakes are an important economic and environmental resource for Michigan. The U.S. Geological Survey and the Michigan Department of Natural Resources and Environment have been cooperatively monitoring the quality of selected lakes in Michigan through the Lake Water Quality Assessment program. Sampling for this program began in 2001; by 2010, 730 of Michigan’s 11,000 inland lakes are expected to have been sampled once. Volunteers coordinated by the Michigan Department of Natural Resources and Environment began sampling lakes in 1974 and continue to sample (in 2010) approximately 250 inland lakes each year through the Michigan Cooperative Lakes Monitoring Program. Despite these sampling efforts, it still is impossible to physically collect measurements for all Michigan inland lakes; however, Landsat-satellite imagery has been used successfully in Minnesota, Wisconsin, Michigan, and elsewhere to predict the trophic state of unsampled inland lakes greater than 20 acres by producing regression equations relating in-place Secchi-disk measurements to Landsat bands. This study tested three alternatives to methods previously used in Michigan to improve results for predicted statewide Trophic State Index (TSI) computed from Secchi-disk transparency (TSI (SDT)). The alternative methods were used on 14 Landsat-satellite scenes with statewide TSI (SDT) for two time periods (2003– 05 and 2007–08). Specifically, the methods were (1) satellitedata processing techniques to remove areas affected by clouds, cloud shadows, haze, shoreline, and dense vegetation for inland lakes greater than 20 acres in Michigan; (2) comparison of the previous method for producing a single open-water predicted TSI (SDT) value (which was based on an area of interest (AOI) and lake-average approach) to an alternative Gethist method for identifying open-water areas in inland lakes (which follows the initial satellite-data processing and targets the darkest pixels, representing the deepest water, before regression equations are created); and (3) checking to see whether the predicted TSI (SDT) values compared well between two regression equations, one previously used in Michigan and an alternative equation from the hydrologic literature. </p><p>The combination of improved satellite-data processing techniques and the Gethist method to identify open-water areas in inland lakes during 2003–05 and 2007–08 provided a stronger relation and statistical significance between predicted TSI (SDT) and measured TSI than did the AOI lake-average method; differences in results for the two methods were significant at the 99-percent confidence level. With regard to the comparison of the regression equations, there were no statistically significant differences at the 95-percent confidence level between results from the two equations. The previously used equation, in combination with the Gethist method, yielded coefficient of determination (R<sup>2</sup>) values of 0.71 and 0.77 for the periods 2003–05 and 2007–08, respectively. The alternative equation, in combination with the Gethist method, yielded R<sup>2</sup> values of 0.74 and 0.75 for 2003–05 and 2007–08, respectively. Predicted TSI (SDT) and measured TSI (SDT) values for lakes used in the regression equations compared well, with R<sup>2</sup> values of 0.95 and 0.96 for predicted TSI (SDT) for 2003–05 and 2007–08, respectively. The R<sup>2</sup> values for statewide predicted TSI (SDT) for all inland lakes with available open-water areas for 2003–05 and 2007–08 were 0.91 and 0.93, respectively. Although the two equations predicted similar trophic-state classes, the alternative equation is planned to be used for future prediction of TSI (SDT) values for Michigan inland lakes, to promote consistency in comparing predicted values between States and for potential use in trend analysis.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20115007","collaboration":"In cooperation with the Michigan Department of Natural Resources and Environment","usgsCitation":"Fuller, L.M., Jodoin, R., and Minnerick, R., 2011, Predicting lake trophic state by relating Secchi-disk transparency measurements to Landsat-satellite imagery for Michigan inland lakes, 2003-05 and 2007-08: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5007, Report: viii, 18 p.; Appendixes 1 and 2, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20115007.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 18 p.; Appendixes 1 and 2","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":126731,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2011_5007.gif"},{"id":14507,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5007/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United 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M.","contributorId":97987,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fuller","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307439,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jodoin, R.S.","contributorId":19681,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jodoin","given":"R.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307437,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Minnerick, R. J.","contributorId":52255,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Minnerick","given":"R. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307438,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":99059,"text":"sir20105234 - 2011 - Simulation of the effects of the Devils Lake State Outlet on hydrodynamics and water quality in Lake Ashtabula, North Dakota, 2006-10","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-14T11:41:16","indexId":"sir20105234","displayToPublicDate":"2011-02-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-5234","title":"Simulation of the effects of the Devils Lake State Outlet on hydrodynamics and water quality in Lake Ashtabula, North Dakota, 2006-10","docAbstract":"In 2010, a two-dimensional hydrodynamic and water-quality model (CE-QUAL-W2) of Lake Ashtabula, North Dakota, was developed by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the North Dakota State Water Commission to understand the dynamics of chemical constituents in the reservoir and to provide a tool for the management and operation of the Devils Lake State Outlet in meeting the water-quality standards downstream from Baldhill Dam. The Lake Ashtabula model was calibrated for hydrodynamics, sulfate concentrations, and total dissolved-solids concentrations to ambient conditions from June 2006 through June 2010. The calibrated model then was used to simulate four scenarios that represent various Devils Lake outlet options that have been considered for reducing the water levels in Devils Lake.\r\n\r\nSimulated water temperatures compared well with measured temperatures and differences varied spatially in Lake Ashtabula from June 2006 through June 2010. The absolute mean error ranged from 0.7 degrees Celsius to 1.0 degrees Celsius and the root mean square error ranged from 0.7 degrees Celsius to 1.1 degrees Celsius.\r\n\r\nSimulated sulfate concentrations compared well with measured concentrations in Lake Ashtabula. In general, simulated sulfate concentrations were slightly overpredicted with mean differences between simulated and measured sulfate concentrations ranging from -2 milligram per liter to 18 milligrams per liter. Differences between simulated and measured sulfate concentrations varied temporally in Lake Ashtabula from June 2006 through June 2010. In 2006, sulfate concentrations were overpredicted in the lower part of the reservoir and underpredicted in the upper part of the reservoir.\r\n\r\nSimulated total dissolved solids generally were greater than measured total dissolved-solids concentrations in Lake Ashtabula from June 2006 through June 2010. The mean difference between simulated and measured total dissolved-solids concentrations ranged from -3 milligrams per liter to 15 milligrams per liter, the absolute mean error ranged from 58 milligrams per liter to 100 milligrams per liter, and the root mean square error ranged from 73 milligrams per liter to 114 milligrams per liter.\r\n\r\nSimulated sulfate concentrations from four scenarios were compared to simulated ambient concentrations from June 2006 through June 2009. For scenario 1, the same location, outflow capacity, and sulfate concentration as the current (2010) Devils Lake State Outlet were assumed. The increased flow and sulfate concentration in scenario 1, beginning on May 31 and extending to October 31 each year, resulted in an increase in sulfate concentrations to greater than 450 milligrams per liter in the reservoir at site 7T (approximately the middle of the reservoir), starting July 5 in 2006, July 28 in 2007, and July 15 in 2008. Sulfate concentrations increased to greater than 450 milligrams per liter considerably later at site 1T (near the dam), starting October 8 in 2006, October 29 in 2007, and October 3 in 2008. For scenario 2, the same Devils Lake State Outlet sulfate concentration as scenario 1 was assumed, but the flow through the Devils Lake State Outlet was doubled, which resulted in a more rapid increase in sulfate concentrations in the lower part of the reservoir and slightly greater values at all four sites compared to scenario 1. Sulfate concentrations increased to greater than 450 milligrams per liter 61 days earlier in 2006, 67 days earlier in 2007, and 41 days earlier in 2008 at site 1T.\r\n\r\nFor scenarios 3 and 4, possible increases in flow and concentration from the current outlet location (from the West Bay of Devils Lake) and from a proposed outlet from East Devils Lake were simulated. Conditions for scenario 3 resulted in a relatively rapid increase in sulfate concentrations in the reservoir, and concentrations were greater than 750 milligrams per liter in most years at all four sites. As expected, scenario 4 resulted in greater sulfate concentr","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20105234","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the North Dakota State Water Commission","usgsCitation":"Galloway, J.M., 2011, Simulation of the effects of the Devils Lake State Outlet on hydrodynamics and water quality in Lake Ashtabula, North Dakota, 2006-10: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2010-5234, vi, 24 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20105234.","productDescription":"vi, 24 p.","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125966,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2010_5234.jpg"},{"id":14504,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5234/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9fe4b07f02db660d6a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Galloway, Joel M. 0000-0002-9836-9724 jgallowa@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9836-9724","contributorId":1562,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Galloway","given":"Joel","email":"jgallowa@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":307430,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":99056,"text":"sir20105232 - 2011 - Contributing recharge areas, groundwater travel time, and groundwater quality of the Missouri River alluvial aquifer near the Independence, Missouri, well field, 1997-2008","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-05-23T18:19:04.161721","indexId":"sir20105232","displayToPublicDate":"2011-02-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-5232","title":"Contributing recharge areas, groundwater travel time, and groundwater quality of the Missouri River alluvial aquifer near the Independence, Missouri, well field, 1997-2008","docAbstract":"<p>The City of Independence, Missouri, operates a well field in the Missouri River alluvial aquifer. Contributing recharge areas (CRA) were last determined for the well field in 1996. Since that time, eight supply wells have been installed in the area north of the Missouri River and well pumpage has changed for the older supply wells. The change in pumping has altered groundwater flow and substantially changed the character of the CRA and groundwater travel times to the supply wells. </p><p>The U.S Geological Survey, in a cooperative study with the City of Independence, Missouri, simulated steady-state groundwater flow for 2007 well pumpage, average annual river stage, and average annual recharge. Particle-tracking analysis was used to determine the CRA for supply wells and monitoring wells, and the travel time from recharge areas to supply wells, recharge areas to monitoring wells, and monitoring wells to supply wells. The simulated CRA for the well field is elongated in the upstream direction and extends to both sides of the Missouri River. Groundwater flow paths and recharge areas estimated for monitoring wells indicate the origin of water to each monitoring well, the travel time of that water from the recharge area, the flow path from the vicinity of each monitoring well to a supply well, and the travel time from the monitoring well to the supply well. </p><p>Monitoring wells 14a and 14b have the shortest groundwater travel time from their contributing recharge area of 0.30 years and monitoring well 29a has the longest maximum groundwater travel time from its contributing recharge area of 1,701 years. Monitoring well 22a has the shortest groundwater travel time of 0.5 day to supply well 44 and monitoring well 3b has the longest maximum travel time of 31.91 years to supply well 10. </p><p>Water-quality samples from the Independence groundwater monitoring well network were collected from 1997 to 2008 by USGS personnel during ongoing annual sampling within the 10-year contributing recharge area (CRA) of the Independence well field. Statistical summaries and the spatial and temporal variability of water quality in the Missouri River alluvial aquifer near the Independence well field were characterized from analyses of 598 water samples. Water-quality constituent groups include dissolved oxygen and physical properties, nutrients, major ions and trace elements, wastewater indicator compounds, fuel compounds, and total benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene (BTEX), alachlor, and atrazine. The Missouri Secondary Maximum Contaminant Level (SMCL) for iron was exceeded in almost all monitoring wells. The Missouri Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL) for arsenic was exceeded 32 times in samples from monitoring wells. The MCL for barium was exceeded five times in samples from one monitoring well. The SMCL for manganese was exceeded 160 times in samples from all monitoring wells and the combined well-field sample. The most frequently detected wastewater indicator compounds were N,N-diethyl-meta-toluamide (DEET), phenol, caffeine, and metolachlor. The most frequently detected fuel compounds were toluene and benzene. Alachlor was detected in 22 samples and atrazine was detected in 37 samples and the combined well-field sample. The MCL for atrazine was exceeded in one sample from one monitoring well. </p><p>Samples from monitoring wells with median concentrations of total inorganic nitrogen larger than 1 milligram per liter (mg/L) are located near agricultural land and may indicate that agricultural land practices are the source of nitrogen to groundwater. Largest median values of specific conductance; total inorganic nitrogen; dissolved calcium, magnesium, sodium, iron, arsenic, manganese, bicarbonate, and sulfate and detections of wastewater indicator compounds generally were in water samples from monitoring wells with CRAs that intersect the south bank of the Missouri River. Zones of higher specific conductance were located just upstream from the Independence well field at south-bank outfalls from wastewater treatment plants, the Blue River, and the south bank of the Missouri River near the closed oil refinery. The long-term presence of these south-bank outfalls and the large specific conductance indicate that the surface water at the south bank of the Missouri River near the Independence well field may have consistently higher dissolved solids and nutrients that can be induced into the aquifer by pumping. Large median concentrations of sodium and chloride from samples from monitoring wells may be the result of road salt use on State Highway 291 or from Mill Creek, which drains the uplands south of the Independence well field. Large median concentrations of arsenic in samples from some monitoring well nests are most likely associated with dissolution of iron and sulfide minerals and fluctuation between oxidizing and reducing conditions. Largest median concentrations for arsenic are in the shallow depth interval where fluctuations between oxidizing and reducing conditions occur. Median concentrations of iron are large in all monitoring wells and are most likely caused by the interaction between fluctuating oxidizing and reducing conditions and siderite and ferric hydroxide. </p><p>Spatial and temporal trends are not evident from the fuel compounds or total BTEX sample results. Alachlor and atrazine were detected in most monitoring wells and atrazine was detected more often than alachlor. The source of alachlor and atrazine in groundwater near the Independence well field is most likely from nearby agricultural land management practices and (or) the Missouri River. Many of the samples from monitoring wells with alachlor or atrazine detections greater than 10 percent have contributing recharge areas that intersect either agricultural land or the Missouri River bed.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20105232","collaboration":"In cooperation with the City of Independence, Missouri, Water Department","usgsCitation":"Kelly, B.P., 2011, Contributing recharge areas, groundwater travel time, and groundwater quality of the Missouri River alluvial aquifer near the Independence, Missouri, well field, 1997-2008: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2010-5232, vii, 133 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20105232.","productDescription":"vii, 133 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"1997-10-01","temporalEnd":"2008-09-30","costCenters":[{"id":396,"text":"Missouri Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125963,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2010_5232.bmp"},{"id":400903,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_94921.htm"},{"id":14501,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5232/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Missouri","city":"Independence","otherGeospatial":"Missouri River alluvial aquifer","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -94.6,39.1 ], [ -94.6,39.20083 ], [ -94.3333,39.20083 ], [ -94.3333,39.1 ], [ -94.6,39.1 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae4e4b07f02db689b7d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kelly, Brian P. 0000-0001-6378-2837 bkelly@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6378-2837","contributorId":897,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kelly","given":"Brian","email":"bkelly@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":396,"text":"Missouri Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":307424,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":99054,"text":"ofr20111019 - 2011 - Geophysical and flow-weighted natural-contaminant characterization of three water-supply wells in New Hampshire","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-10T15:55:42","indexId":"ofr20111019","displayToPublicDate":"2011-02-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-1019","title":"Geophysical and flow-weighted natural-contaminant characterization of three water-supply wells in New Hampshire","docAbstract":"<p>Three bedrock water-supply systems in New Hampshire were studied, using borehole geophysics and flow-weighted sampling techniques, to determine the sources and distribution of natural contaminants in water entering the boreholes and to assess whether borehole modifications might be used to reduce contaminant levels. Well water in more than 100 community water-supply systems in New Hampshire have natural contaminants, such as arsenic and uranium, above the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency maximum contaminant levels of 10 and 30 micrograms per liter, respectively. The water-system wells were studied to identify fractional contributions of natural contaminants from specific fracture zones. The yields and flow-weighted contaminant levels of such fracture zones were assessed to determine if a modification of the borehole might lead to a reduction in the system&rsquo;s contaminant levels.</p>\n<p>The water-supply systems investigated were typical of small community water systems in New Hampshire where a water system may serve 100 connections or less. Each water system consisted of two wells, approximately 300 to 400 feet deep, in generally low-yielding (about 10 gallons per minute or less) crystalline bedrock. The wells were typically operated a few hours per day to fill a storage tank and had tens of feet of drawdown caused by the low well yields. The systems selected had contaminant concentrations slightly above MCL, or a low-level contamination. One of the water systems investigated had low-level (10 to 24 micrograms per liter) arsenic contamination, and two of the water systems had low-level uranium (30 to 40 micrograms per liter) contamination. The contaminant values were blended-water concentrations from the two wells in a system. Each water system had differences in contaminant concentrations between the two wells. In each case, the well with the greater concentration of the two was selected for investigation. In two of the three systems investigated, there was either not enough variation in the borehole contaminant concentration or not enough water-yielding fractures for borehole modifications to be a viable potential remedy to elevated contamination. However, borehole and contaminant conditions in one of the bedrock supply-well systems may be favorable to potential improvement of supplied water by borehole modification where selected fracture zones are sealed off from supplying water to the well.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20111019","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and the New Hampshire Department of Environmental Services","usgsCitation":"Mack, T.J., Belaval, M., Degnan, J.R., Roy, S.J., and Ayotte, J., 2011, Geophysical and flow-weighted natural-contaminant characterization of three water-supply wells in New Hampshire: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1019, vi, 20 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111019.","productDescription":"vi, 20 p. 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,{"id":99057,"text":"fs20113019 - 2011 - Assessing groundwater availability in the Northern Atlantic Coastal Plain aquifer system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-17T13:36:43","indexId":"fs20113019","displayToPublicDate":"2011-02-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-3019","title":"Assessing groundwater availability in the Northern Atlantic Coastal Plain aquifer system","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey's Groundwater Resources Program is conducting an assessment of groundwater availability throughout the United States to gain a better understanding of the status of the Nation's groundwater resources and how changes in land use, water use, and climate may affect those resources. The goal of this National assessment is to improve our ability to forecast water availability for future economic and environmental uses. Assessments will be completed for the Nation's principal aquifer systems to help characterize how much water is currently available, how water availability is changing, and how much water we can expect to have in the future (Reilly and others, 2008).\r\n\r\nThe concept of groundwater availability is more than just how much water can be pumped from any given aquifer. Groundwater availability is a function of many factors, including the quantity and quality of water and the laws, regulations, economics, and environmental factors that control its use. The primary objective of the North Atlantic Coastal Plain groundwater-availability study is to identify spatial and temporal changes in the overall water budget by more fully determining the natural and human processes that control how water enters, moves through, and leaves the groundwater system. Development of tools such as numerical models can help hydrologists gain an understanding of this groundwater system, allowing forecasts to be made about the response of this system to natural and human stresses, and water quality and ecosystem health to be analyzed, throughout the region.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/fs20113019","collaboration":"The USGS Groundwater Resources Program","usgsCitation":"Masterson, J., Pope, J.P., Monti, J., and Nardi, M.R., 2011, Assessing groundwater availability in the Northern Atlantic Coastal Plain aquifer system: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2011-3019, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20113019.","productDescription":"4 p.","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":327,"text":"Groundwater Resources Program","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":14502,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2011/3019/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":126730,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2011_3019.gif"}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -76,34 ], [ -76,43 ], [ -72,43 ], [ -72,34 ], [ -76,34 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abbe4b07f02db672ab9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Masterson, John P. 0000-0003-3202-4413 jpmaster@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3202-4413","contributorId":1865,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Masterson","given":"John P.","email":"jpmaster@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":307427,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pope, Jason P. 0000-0003-3199-993X jpope@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3199-993X","contributorId":2044,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pope","given":"Jason","email":"jpope@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":37759,"text":"VA/WV Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":614,"text":"Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":307428,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Monti, Jack Jr. jmonti@usgs.gov","contributorId":1185,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Monti","given":"Jack","suffix":"Jr.","email":"jmonti@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":307425,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nardi, Mark R. 0000-0002-7310-8050 mrnardi@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7310-8050","contributorId":1859,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nardi","given":"Mark","email":"mrnardi@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":41514,"text":"Maryland-Delaware-District of Columbia  Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":307426,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":99060,"text":"ofr20101331 - 2011 - Usage and administration manual for a geodatabase compendium of water-resources data: Rio Grande Basin from the Rio Arriba-Sandoval County line, New Mexico, to Presidio, Texas, 1889-2009","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-22T22:28:23.814197","indexId":"ofr20101331","displayToPublicDate":"2011-02-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-1331","title":"Usage and administration manual for a geodatabase compendium of water-resources data: Rio Grande Basin from the Rio Arriba-Sandoval County line, New Mexico, to Presidio, Texas, 1889-2009","docAbstract":"<p>The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the New Mexico Interstate Stream Commission, developed a geodatabase compendium (hereinafter referred to as the 'geodatabase') of available water-resources data for the reach of the Rio Grande from Rio Arriba-Sandoval County line, New Mexico, to Presidio, Texas. Since 1889, a wealth of water-resources data has been collected in the Rio Grande Basin from Rio Arriba-Sandoval County line, New Mexico, to Presidio, Texas, for a variety of purposes. Collecting agencies, researchers, and organizations have included the U.S. Geological Survey, Bureau of Reclamation, International Boundary and Water Commission, State agencies, irrigation districts, municipal water utilities, universities, and other entities. About 1,750 data records were recently (2010) evaluated to enhance their usability by compiling them into a single geospatial relational database (geodatabase). This report is intended as a user's manual and administration guide for the geodatabase. All data available, including water quality, water level, and discharge data (both instantaneous and daily) from January 1, 1889, through December 17, 2009, were compiled for the study area. A flexible and efficient geodatabase design was used, enhancing the ability of the geodatabase to handle data from diverse sources and helping to ensure sustainability of the geodatabase with long-term maintenance. Geodatabase tables include daily data values, site locations and information, sample event information, and parameters, as well as data sources and collecting agencies. The end products of this effort are a comprehensive water-resources geodatabase that enables the visualization of primary sampling sites for surface discharges, groundwater elevations, and water-quality and associated data for the study area. In addition, repeatable data processing scripts, Structured Query Language queries for loading prepared data sources, and a detailed process for refreshing all data in the compendium have been developed. The geodatabase functionality allows users to explore spatial characteristics of the data, conduct spatial analyses, and pose questions to the geodatabase in the form of queries. Users can also customize and extend the geodatabase, combine it with other databases, or use the geodatabase design for other water-resources applications.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, Virginia","doi":"10.3133/ofr20101331","collaboration":"In cooperation with the New Mexico Interstate Stream Commission","usgsCitation":"Burley, T.E., 2011, Usage and administration manual for a geodatabase compendium of water-resources data: Rio Grande Basin from the Rio Arriba-Sandoval County line, New Mexico, to Presidio, Texas, 1889-2009: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010-1331, viii, 19 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20101331.","productDescription":"viii, 19 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":425890,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_94973.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":125965,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2010_1331.bmp"},{"id":14505,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1331/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"New Mexico, Texas","otherGeospatial":"Rio Grande Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -103.95263671874999,\n              29.32472016151103\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.34814453125,\n              30.372875188118016\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.20483398437499,\n              32.713355353177555\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.600341796875,\n              33.715201644740844\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.14990234375,\n              35.16482750605027\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.051025390625,\n              35.37113502280101\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.336669921875,\n              35.65729624809628\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.710205078125,\n              36.10237644873644\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.63330078125,\n              36.491973470593685\n            ],\n            [\n              -107.16064453125,\n              36.53612263184686\n            ],\n            [\n              -107.325439453125,\n              36.00467348670187\n            ],\n            [\n              -107.808837890625,\n              35.24561909420681\n            ],\n            [\n              -108.072509765625,\n              33.75174787568194\n            ],\n            [\n              -108.08349609375,\n              32.82421110161336\n            ],\n            [\n              -107.918701171875,\n              32.287132632616355\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.85302734374999,\n              31.812229022640732\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.41357421875,\n              31.756196257571325\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.12792968749999,\n              31.419288124288357\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.8203125,\n              31.25037814985571\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.380859375,\n              30.836214626064844\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.96337890625,\n              30.64736425824319\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.710693359375,\n              30.21160822381693\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.666748046875,\n              29.907329376851553\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.34814453125,\n              29.506549442788618\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.04052734375,\n              29.32472016151103\n            ],\n            [\n              -103.95263671874999,\n              29.32472016151103\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a18e4b07f02db60522a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Burley, Thomas E. 0000-0002-2235-8092 teburley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2235-8092","contributorId":3499,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burley","given":"Thomas","email":"teburley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":307431,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70118779,"text":"70118779 - 2011 - Ecosystem response to removal of exotic riparian shrubs and a transition to upland vegetation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-30T11:41:16","indexId":"70118779","displayToPublicDate":"2011-02-17T11:40:10","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3086,"text":"Plant Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ecosystem response to removal of exotic riparian shrubs and a transition to upland vegetation","docAbstract":"Understanding plant community change over time is essential for managing important ecosystems such as riparian areas. This study analyzed historic vegetation using soil seed banks and the effects of riparian shrub removal treatments and channel incision on ecosystem and plant community dynamics in Canyon de Chelly National Monument, Arizona. We focused on how seeds, nutrients, and ground water influence the floristic composition of post-treatment vegetation and addressed three questions: (1) How does pre-treatment soil seed bank composition reflect post-treatment vegetation composition? (2) How does shrub removal affect post-treatment riparian vegetation composition, seed rain inputs, and ground water dynamics? and (3) Is available soil nitrogen increased near dead Russian olive plants following removal and does this influence post-treatment vegetation? We analyzed seed bank composition across the study area, analyzed differences in vegetation, ground water levels, and seed rain between control, cut-stump and whole-plant removal areas, and compared soil nitrogen and vegetation near removed Russian olive to areas lacking Russian olive. The soil seed bank contained more riparian plants, more native and fewer exotic plants than the extant vegetation. Both shrub removal methods decreased exotic plant cover, decreased tamarisk and Russian olive seed inputs, and increased native plant cover after 2 years. Neither method increased ground water levels. Soil near dead Russian olive trees indicated a short-term increase in soil nitrogen following plant removal but did not influence vegetation composition compared to areas without Russian olive. Following tamarisk and Russian olive removal, our study sites were colonized by upland plant species. Many western North American rivers have tamarisk and Russian olive on floodplains abandoned by channel incision, river regulation or both. Our results are widely applicable to sites where drying has occurred and vegetation establishment following shrub removal is likely to be by upland species.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Plant Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Kluwer Academic Publishers","publisherLocation":"Dordrecht","doi":"10.1007/s11258-011-9901-7","usgsCitation":"Reynolds, L., and Cooper, D.J., 2011, Ecosystem response to removal of exotic riparian shrubs and a transition to upland vegetation: Plant Ecology, v. 212, no. 8, p. 1243-1261, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11258-011-9901-7.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"1243","endPage":"1261","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":291390,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":291389,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11258-011-9901-7"}],"volume":"212","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-02-17","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57fe7fb5e4b0824b2d1478e0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reynolds, Lindsay V.","contributorId":102732,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reynolds","given":"Lindsay V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":497210,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cooper, David J.","contributorId":53309,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cooper","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":497209,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":99053,"text":"sir20115011 - 2011 - Flood hydrology and dam-breach hydraulic analyses of four reservoirs in the Black Hills, South Dakota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-14T11:44:59","indexId":"sir20115011","displayToPublicDate":"2011-02-17T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-5011","title":"Flood hydrology and dam-breach hydraulic analyses of four reservoirs in the Black Hills, South Dakota","docAbstract":"<p>Extensive information about the construction of dams or potential downstream hazards in the event of a dam breach is not available for many small reservoirs within the Black Hills National Forest. In 2009, the U.S. Forest Service identified the need for reconnaissance-level dam-breach assessments for four of these reservoirs within the Black Hills National Forest (Iron Creek, Horsethief, Lakota, and Mitchell Lakes) with the potential to flood downstream structures. Flood hydrology and dam-breach hydraulic analyses for the four selected reservoirs were conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the U.S. Forest service to estimate the areal extent of downstream inundation. Three high-flow breach scenarios were considered for cases when the dam is in place (overtopped) and when a dam break (failure) occurs: the 100-year recurrence 24-hour precipitation, 500-year recurrence peak flow, and the probable maximum precipitation. Inundation maps were developed that show the estimated extent of downstream floodwaters from simulated scenarios. Simulation results were used to determine the hazard classification of a dam break (high, significant, or low), based primarily on the potential for loss of life or property damage resulting from downstream inundation because of the flood surge.</p><p>The inflow design floods resulting from the two simulated storm events (100-year 24-hour and probable maximum precipitation) were determined using the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Hydrologic Engineering Center Hydrologic Modeling System (HEC-HMS). The inflow design flood for the 500-year recurrence peak flow was determined by using regional regression equations developed for streamflow-gaging stations with similar watershed characteristics. The step-backwater hydraulic analysis model, Hydrologic Engineering Center's River Analysis System (HEC-RAS), was used to determine water-surface profiles of in-place and dam-break scenarios for the three inflow design floods that were simulated. Inundation maps for in-place and dam-break scenarios were developed for the area downstream from the dam to the mouth of each stream.</p><p>Dam-break scenarios for three of the four reservoirs assessed in this study were rated as low hazards owing to absence of permanent structures downstream from the dams. Iron Creek Lake's downstream channel to its mouth does not include any permanent structures within the inundation flood plains. For the two reservoirs with the largest watershed areas, Lakota and Mitchell Lake, the additional floodwater surge resulting from a dam break would be minor relative to the magnitude of the large flood streamflow into the reservoirs, based on the similar areal extent of inundation for the in-place and dam-break scenarios as indicated by the developed maps. A dam-break scenario at Horsethief Lake is rated as a significant hazard because of potential lives-in-jeopardy in downstream dwellings and appreciable economic loss.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20115011","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Forest Service","usgsCitation":"Hoogestraat, G., 2011, Flood hydrology and dam-breach hydraulic analyses of four reservoirs in the Black Hills, South Dakota: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5011, vi, 24 p, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20115011.","productDescription":"vi, 24 p","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":562,"text":"South Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125959,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2011_5011.jpg"},{"id":14498,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5011/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"South Dakota","otherGeospatial":"Black Hills National Forest, Horsethief Lake, Iron Creek Lake, Lakota Lake, Mitchell Lake","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -104,43.75 ], [ -104,44.5 ], [ -103,44.5 ], [ -103,43.75 ], [ -104,43.75 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f2e4b07f02db5ef046","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hoogestraat, Galen K.","contributorId":22442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoogestraat","given":"Galen K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307416,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
]}