{"pageNumber":"733","pageRowStart":"18300","pageSize":"25","recordCount":40783,"records":[{"id":70006204,"text":"sir20115187 - 2011 - Suspended-sediment loads, reservoir sediment trap efficiency, and upstream and downstream channel stability for Kanopolis and Tuttle Creek Lakes, Kansas, 2008-10","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:42","indexId":"sir20115187","displayToPublicDate":"2011-12-12T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-5187","title":"Suspended-sediment loads, reservoir sediment trap efficiency, and upstream and downstream channel stability for Kanopolis and Tuttle Creek Lakes, Kansas, 2008-10","docAbstract":"Continuous streamflow and turbidity data collected from October 1, 2008, to September 30, 2010, at streamgage sites upstream and downstream from Kanopolis and Tuttle Creek Lakes, Kansas, were used to compute the total suspended-sediment load delivered to and released from each reservoir as well as the sediment trap efficiency for each reservoir. Ongoing sedimentation is decreasing the ability of the reservoirs to serve several purposes including flood control, water supply, and recreation. River channel stability upstream and downstream from the reservoirs was assessed using historical streamgage information. For Kanopolis Lake, the total 2-year inflow suspended-sediment load was computed to be 600 million pounds. Most of the suspended-sediment load was delivered during short-term, high-discharge periods. The total 2-year outflow suspended-sediment load was computed to be 31 million pounds. Sediment trap efficiency for the reservoir was estimated to be 95 percent. The mean annual suspended-sediment yield from the upstream basin was estimated to be 129,000 pounds per square mile per year. No pronounced changes in channel width were evident at five streamgage sites located upstream from the reservoir. At the Ellsworth streamgage site, located upstream from the reservoir, long-term channel-bed aggradation was followed by a period of stability. Current (2010) conditions at five streamgages located upstream from the reservoir were typified by channel-bed stability. At the Langley streamgage site, located immediately downstream from the reservoir, the channel bed degraded 6.15 feet from 1948 to 2010. For Tuttle Creek Lake, the total 2-year inflow suspended-sediment load was computed to be 13.3 billion pounds. Most of the suspended-sediment load was delivered during short-term, high-discharge periods. The total 2-year outflow suspended-sediment load was computed to be 327 million pounds. Sediment trap efficiency for the reservoir was estimated to be 98 percent. The mean annual suspended-sediment yield from the upstream basin was estimated to be 691,000 pounds per square mile per year. In general, no pronounced changes in channel width were evident at six streamgage sites located upstream from the reservoir. At the Barnes and Marysville streamgage sites, located upstream from the reservoir, long-term channel-bed degradation followed by stability was indicated. At the Frankfort streamgage site, located upstream from the reservoir, channel-bed aggradation of 1.65 feet from 1969 to 1989 followed by channel-bed degradation of 2.4 feet from 1989 to 2010 was indicated and may represent the passage of a sediment pulse caused by historical disturbances (for example, channelization) in the upstream basin. With the exception of the Frankfort streamgage site, current (2010) conditions at four streamgages located upstream from the reservoir were typified by channel-bed stability. At the Manhattan streamgage site, located downstream from the reservoir, high-flow releases associated with the 1993 flood widened the channel about 60 feet (30 percent). The channel bed at this site degraded 4.2 feet from 1960 to 1998 and since has been relatively stable. For the purpose of computing suspended-sediment concentration and load, the use of turbidity data in a regression model can provide more reliable and reproducible estimates than a regression model that uses discharge as the sole independent variable. Moreover, the use of discharge only to compute suspended-sediment concentration and load may result in overprediction. Stream channel banks, compared to channel beds, likely are a more important source of sediment to Kanopolis and Tuttle Creek Lakes from the upstream basins. Other sediment sources include surface-soil erosion in the basins and shoreline erosion in the reservoirs.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20115187","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Kansas Water Office","usgsCitation":"Juracek, K.E., 2011, Suspended-sediment loads, reservoir sediment trap efficiency, and upstream and downstream channel stability for Kanopolis and Tuttle Creek Lakes, Kansas, 2008-10: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5187, vii, 35 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20115187.","productDescription":"vii, 35 p.","startPage":"i","endPage":"35","numberOfPages":"42","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116751,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2011_5187.jpg"},{"id":111038,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5187/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"2000000","projection":"Albers Conic Equal-Area","country":"United States","state":"Kansas","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -103,38 ], [ -103,41.5 ], [ -95.83333333333333,41.5 ], [ -95.83333333333333,38 ], [ -103,38 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba314e4b08c986b31fb81","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Juracek, Kyle E. 0000-0002-2102-8980 kjuracek@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2102-8980","contributorId":2022,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Juracek","given":"Kyle","email":"kjuracek@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":354057,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70003792,"text":"70003792 - 2011 - Structural complexity, movement bias, and metapopulation extinction risk in dendritic ecological networks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-17T15:31:26.89373","indexId":"70003792","displayToPublicDate":"2011-12-08T10:11:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2564,"text":"Journal of the North American Benthological Society","onlineIssn":"1937-237X","printIssn":"0887-3593","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Structural complexity, movement bias, and metapopulation extinction risk in dendritic ecological networks","docAbstract":"

Spatial complexity in metacommunities can be separated into 3 main components: size (i.e., number of habitat patches), spatial arrangement of habitat patches (network topology), and diversity of habitat patch types. Much attention has been paid to lattice-type networks, such as patch-based metapopulations, but interest in understanding ecological networks of alternative geometries is building. Dendritic ecological networks (DENs) include some increasingly threatened ecological systems, such as caves and streams. The restrictive architecture of dendritic ecological networks might have overriding implications for species persistence. I used a modeling approach to investigate how number and spatial arrangement of habitat patches influence metapopulation extinction risk in 2 DENs of different size and topology. Metapopulation persistence was higher in larger networks, but this relationship was mediated by network topology and the dispersal pathways used to navigate the network. Larger networks, especially those with greater topological complexity, generally had lower extinction risk than smaller and less-complex networks, but dispersal bias and magnitude affected the shape of this relationship. Applying these general results to real systems will require empirical data on the movement behavior of organisms and will improve our understanding of the implications of network complexity on population and community patterns and processes.

","language":"English","publisher":"Society for Freshwater Science","publisherLocation":"Waco, Texas","doi":"10.1899/09-120.1","usgsCitation":"Campbell Grant, E., 2011, Structural complexity, movement bias, and metapopulation extinction risk in dendritic ecological networks: Journal of the North American Benthological Society, v. 30, no. 1, p. 252-258, https://doi.org/10.1899/09-120.1.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"252","endPage":"258","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":204173,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"30","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9bd3e4b08c986b31d0f4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Campbell Grant, Evan H. 0000-0003-4401-6496","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4401-6496","contributorId":23233,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Campbell Grant","given":"Evan H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348885,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70191496,"text":"70191496 - 2011 - Was pre–twentieth century sea level stable?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-05-27T14:19:18.664539","indexId":"70191496","displayToPublicDate":"2011-12-06T09:16:35","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1578,"text":"Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union","onlineIssn":"2324-9250","printIssn":"0096-394","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Was pre–twentieth century sea level stable?","docAbstract":"

Sea level rise (SLR) ranks high on the list of climate change issues because the expected acceleration from the current rate (about 3.1 millimeters per year) poses threats to coastal regions. Tide gauge, salt marsh, and archaeological records, and modeling of glacioisostatic adjustment (GIA) have led to the widely accepted idea that late Holocene (the past ∼2000 years) sea level was stable prior to acceleration beginning around 1850–1900 C.E. For instance, according to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Fourth Assessment Report, before the last century, sea level had “stabilized” over the past 2000 years, rising at a mean rate of 0–0.2 millimeter per year [Bindoff et al. , 2007]. Others maintain that sea level was “nearly stable” over the past few thousand years [Nicholls and Cazenave , 2010], pre–twentieth century rates were “close to zero” [Church et al. , 2008], or “stable from at least BC 100 until AD 950” and “stable, or slightly falling” from 1350 until the nineteenth century [Kemp et al. , 2011].

","language":"English","publisher":"American Geological Union","doi":"10.1029/2011EO490009","usgsCitation":"Cronin, T.M., 2011, Was pre–twentieth century sea level stable?: Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, v. 92, no. 49, p. 455-456, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011EO490009.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"455","endPage":"456","ipdsId":"IP-030585","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474855,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2011eo490009","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":375074,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"92","issue":"49","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-12-06","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cronin, Thomas M. 0000-0002-2643-0979 tcronin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2643-0979","contributorId":2579,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cronin","given":"Thomas","email":"tcronin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":712445,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70006152,"text":"pp1787 - 2011 - Baseline and projected future carbon storage and greenhouse-gas fluxes in the Great Plains region of the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-06-21T14:59:39","indexId":"pp1787","displayToPublicDate":"2011-12-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1787","title":"Baseline and projected future carbon storage and greenhouse-gas fluxes in the Great Plains region of the United States","docAbstract":"This assessment was conducted to fulfill the requirements of section 712 of the Energy Independence and Security Act (EISA) of 2007 and to improve understanding of carbon and greenhouse gas (GHG) fluxes in the Great Plains region in the central part of the United States. The assessment examined carbon storage, carbon fluxes, and other GHG fluxes (methane and nitrous oxide) in all major terrestrial ecosystems (forests, grasslands/shrublands, agricultural lands, and wetlands) and freshwater aquatic systems (rivers, streams, lakes, and impoundments) in two time periods: baseline (generally in the first half of the 2010s) and future (projections from baseline to 2050). The assessment was based on measured and observed data collected by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and many other agencies and organizations and used remote sensing, statistical methods, and simulation models.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/pp1787","usgsCitation":"Bouchard, M., Butman, D., Hawbaker, T., Li, Z., Liu, J., Liu, S., McDonald, C., Reker, R.R., Sayler, K., Sleeter, B., Sohl, T., Stackpoole, S., Wein, A., and Zhu, Z., 2011, Baseline and projected future carbon storage and greenhouse-gas fluxes in the Great Plains region of the United States: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1787, vii, 28 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1787.","productDescription":"vii, 28 p.","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":293,"text":"Geographic Analysis and Monitoring Program","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116742,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/pp_1787.gif"},{"id":338660,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1787/p1787.pdf"},{"id":110996,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1787/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Great Plains","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -120,25 ], [ -120,50 ], [ -85,50 ], [ -85,25 ], [ -120,25 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059efd6e4b0c8380cd4a496","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Zhu, Zhi-Liang zzhu@usgs.gov","contributorId":3636,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhu","given":"Zhi-Liang","email":"zzhu@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":508303,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Bouchard, Michelle 0000-0002-6353-3491 mbouchard@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6353-3491","contributorId":3765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bouchard","given":"Michelle","email":"mbouchard@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353956,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Butman, David","contributorId":51011,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Butman","given":"David","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353959,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hawbaker, Todd","contributorId":91069,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hawbaker","given":"Todd","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353966,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Li, Zhengpeng","contributorId":80812,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Li","given":"Zhengpeng","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353964,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Liu, Jinxun 0000-0003-0561-8988 jxliu@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0561-8988","contributorId":3414,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"Jinxun","email":"jxliu@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353955,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Liu, Shu-Guang sliu@usgs.gov","contributorId":984,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"Shu-Guang","email":"sliu@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":353954,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"McDonald, Cory","contributorId":76875,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McDonald","given":"Cory","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353963,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Reker, Ryan R. 0000-0001-7524-0082 rreker@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7524-0082","contributorId":174136,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reker","given":"Ryan","email":"rreker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353957,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Sayler, Kristi 0000-0003-2514-242X sayler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2514-242X","contributorId":65220,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sayler","given":"Kristi","email":"sayler@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353960,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Sleeter, Benjamin","contributorId":48927,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sleeter","given":"Benjamin","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353958,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Sohl, Terry 0000-0002-9771-4231","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9771-4231","contributorId":81861,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sohl","given":"Terry","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":353965,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Stackpoole, Sarah","contributorId":67832,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stackpoole","given":"Sarah","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353961,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Wein, Anne 0000-0002-5516-3697 awein@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5516-3697","contributorId":589,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wein","given":"Anne","email":"awein@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353953,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Zhu, Zhi-Liang","contributorId":70726,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhu","given":"Zhi-Liang","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353962,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14}]}} ,{"id":70044156,"text":"70044156 - 2011 - The role of remote sensing observations and models in hydrology: The science of evapotranspiration","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-12-10T17:14:58.661721","indexId":"70044156","displayToPublicDate":"2011-12-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The role of remote sensing observations and models in hydrology: The science of evapotranspiration","docAbstract":"Over 15 years ago, Morton (1994) summarized the state of evapotranspiration (ET) research pessimistically: ‘There have been few significant advances in our knowledge of evaporation on an environmental scale over the past four decades, a state of affairs linked to the current sterility of hydrology and related environmental sciences. Furthermore, almost none of the advances have been used successfully in practice.’ He did not foresee the rapid progress in the\nensuing years. These advances can be attributed largely to three convergent themes: 1) technical innovation; 2) synergy between disciplines; and 3) expressed need. The papers in this special issue address all of these three themes on remote sensing methods for ET estimation.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/hyp.8436","usgsCitation":"Nagler, P., 2011, The role of remote sensing observations and models in hydrology: The science of evapotranspiration: Hydrological Processes, v. 25, no. 26, p. 3977-3978, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.8436.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"3977","endPage":"3978","numberOfPages":"2","ipdsId":"IP-033236","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":271484,"rank":2,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":271483,"rank":1,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hyp.8436"}],"volume":"25","issue":"26","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-12-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"517a506fe4b072c16ef14b69","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nagler, Pamela 0000-0003-0674-103X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0674-103X","contributorId":8748,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nagler","given":"Pamela","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":474917,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70006193,"text":"sir20115185 - 2011 - Water quality of the Chokosna, Gilahina, Lakina Rivers, and Long Lake watershed along McCarthy Road, Wrangell-St. Elias National Park and Preserve, Alaska, 2007-08","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-07-07T18:16:27","indexId":"sir20115185","displayToPublicDate":"2011-12-04T08:45:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-5185","title":"Water quality of the Chokosna, Gilahina, Lakina Rivers, and Long Lake watershed along McCarthy Road, Wrangell-St. Elias National Park and Preserve, Alaska, 2007-08","docAbstract":"The Chokosna, Gilahina, and Lakina River basins, and the Long Lake watershed are located along McCarthy Road in Wrangell–St. Elias National Park and Preserve. The rivers and lake support a large run of sockeye (red) salmon that is important to the commercial and recreational fisheries in the larger Copper River. To gain a better understanding of the water quality conditions of these watersheds, these basins were studied as part of a cooperative study with the National Park Service during the open water periods in 2007 and 2008. Water type of the rivers and Long Lake is calcium bicarbonate with the exception of that in the Chokosna River, which is calcium bicarbonate sulfate water. Alkalinity concentrations ranged from 63 to 222 milligrams per liter, indicating a high buffering capacity in these waters. Analyses of streambed sediments indicated that concentrations of the trace elements arsenic, chromium, and nickel exceed levels that might be toxic to fish and other aquatic organisms. However, these concentrations reflect local geology rather than anthropogenic sources in this nearly pristine area. Benthic macroinvertebrate qualitative multi-habitat and richest targeted habitat samples collected from six stream sites along McCarthy Road indicated a total of 125 taxa. Insects made up the largest percentage of macroinvertebrates, totaling 83 percent of the families found. Dipterans (flies and midges) accounted for 43 percent of all macroinvertebrates found. Analysis of the macroinvertebrate data by non-metric multidimensional scaling indicated differences between (1) sites at Long Lake and other stream sites along McCarthy Road, likely due to different basin characteristics, (2) the 2007 and 2008 data, probably from the higher rainfall in 2008, and (3) macroinvertebrate data collected in south-central Alaska, which represents a different climate zone. The richness, abundance, and community composition of periphytic algae taxa was variable between sampling sites. Taxa richness and diversity were highest at the Long Lake outflow site, suggesting that the lake may have contributed planktonic taxa to the periphytic community and (or) created physical and chemical conditions at the outlet that were favorable to a variety of taxa. Long Lake is fed by groundwater and by clear water (non glacial) streams, resulting in relatively high Secchi-disc readings ranging from 17.5 to 23 feet. Depth profiles of water temperature in the lake show a strong stratification during the summer from the surface to about 13 feet, with temperatures ranging from 16 to 5 °C. Depth profiles of dissolved oxygen in the lake show a strong stratification between 26 and 33 feet, below which the concentrations of dissolved oxygen decrease from 10 to 2 milligrams per liter. Because the Long Lake outlet stream supports a large run of sockeye salmon and water temperature is an important factor during its life cycle, a logistic model was used to simulate 1998–2006 water temperatures at this site. Analysis of simulation results for 1998–2008 indicated no significant trends in water temperature. 2007 water temperatures were the highest during the 10-year period.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20115185","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the National Park Service","usgsCitation":"Brabets, T.P., Ourso, R.T., Miller, M.P., and Brasher, A.M., 2011, Water quality of the Chokosna, Gilahina, Lakina Rivers, and Long Lake watershed along McCarthy Road, Wrangell-St. Elias National Park and Preserve, Alaska, 2007-08: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5185, viii, 56 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20115185.","productDescription":"viii, 56 p.","numberOfPages":"68","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":111028,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5185/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":116750,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2011_5185.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Chokosna River;Gilahina River;Lakina River;Long Lake Watershed;Wrangell-st.Elias National Park And Preserve","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -146.83333333333334,59.166666666666664 ], [ -146.83333333333334,62.833333333333336 ], [ -137.83333333333334,62.833333333333336 ], [ -137.83333333333334,59.166666666666664 ], [ -146.83333333333334,59.166666666666664 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc8e2e4b08c986b32cb6e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brabets, Timothy P. tbrabets@usgs.gov","contributorId":2087,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brabets","given":"Timothy","email":"tbrabets@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":354047,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ourso, Robert T. 0000-0002-5952-8681 rtourso@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5952-8681","contributorId":203207,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ourso","given":"Robert","email":"rtourso@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":120,"text":"Alaska Science Center Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":354049,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Miller, Matthew P. 0000-0002-2537-1823 mamiller@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2537-1823","contributorId":3919,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Matthew","email":"mamiller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":354048,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brasher, Anne M. D. abrasher@usgs.gov","contributorId":1715,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brasher","given":"Anne","email":"abrasher@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":354046,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70005466,"text":"70005466 - 2011 - Mineralogy, morphology, and textural relationships in coatings on quartz grains in sediments in a quartz-sand aquifer","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-28T14:00:11","indexId":"70005466","displayToPublicDate":"2011-12-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2233,"text":"Journal of Contaminant Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mineralogy, morphology, and textural relationships in coatings on quartz grains in sediments in a quartz-sand aquifer","docAbstract":"Mineralogical studies of coatings on quartz grains and bulk sediments from an aquifer on Western Cape Cod, Massachusetts, USA were carried out using a variety of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) techniques. Previous studies demonstrated that coatings on quartz grains control the adsorption properties of these sediments. Samples for TEM characterization were made by a gentle mechanical grinding method and focused ion beam (FIB) milling. The former method can make abundant electron-transparent coating assemblages for comprehensive and quantitative X-ray analysis and the latter technique protects the coating texture from being destroyed. Characterization of the samples from both a pristine area and an area heavily impacted by wastewater discharge shows similar coating textures and chemical compositions. Major constituents of the coating include Al-substituted goethite and illite/chlorite clays. Goethite is aggregated into well-crystallized domains through oriented attachment resulting in increased porosity. Illite/chlorite clays with various chemical compositions were observed to be mixed with goethite aggregates and aligned sub-parallel to the associated quartz surface. The uniform spatial distribution of wastewater-derived phosphorus throughout the coating from the wastewater-contaminated site suggests that all of the coating constituents, including those adjacent to the quartz surface, are accessible to groundwater solutes. Both TEM characterization and chemical extraction results indicate there is a significantly greater amount of amorphous iron oxide in samples from wastewater discharge area compared to those from the pristine region, which might reflect the impact of redox cycling of iron under the wastewater-discharge area. Coating compositions are consistent with the moderate metal and oxy-metalloid adsorption capacities, low but significant cation exchange capacities, and control of iron(III) solubility by goethite observed in reactive transport experimental and modeling studies conducted at the site.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jconhyd.2011.02.003","usgsCitation":"Zhang, S., Kent, D.B., Elbert, D.C., Shi, Z., Davis, J., and Veblen, D.R., 2011, Mineralogy, morphology, and textural relationships in coatings on quartz grains in sediments in a quartz-sand aquifer: Journal of Contaminant Hydrology, v. 124, no. 1-4, p. 57-67, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jconhyd.2011.02.003.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"57","endPage":"67","costCenters":[{"id":148,"text":"Branch of Regional Research-Western Region","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":204234,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts","otherGeospatial":"Cape Cod","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -70.77392578125,\n 41.65649719441145\n ],\n [\n -69.85107421874999,\n 41.65649719441145\n ],\n [\n -69.85107421874999,\n 42.08599350447723\n ],\n [\n -70.77392578125,\n 42.08599350447723\n ],\n [\n -70.77392578125,\n 41.65649719441145\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"124","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db699dcb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zhang, Shouliang","contributorId":55952,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhang","given":"Shouliang","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352570,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kent, Douglas B. 0000-0003-3758-8322 dbkent@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3758-8322","contributorId":1871,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kent","given":"Douglas","email":"dbkent@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":352567,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Elbert, David C.","contributorId":22483,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elbert","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352569,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Shi, Zhi","contributorId":8605,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shi","given":"Zhi","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352568,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Davis, James A.","contributorId":69289,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"James A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352571,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Veblen, David R.","contributorId":86472,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Veblen","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352572,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70003906,"text":"70003906 - 2011 - Mitigating by-catch of diamondback terrapins in crab pots","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-17T16:37:51.843591","indexId":"70003906","displayToPublicDate":"2011-12-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mitigating by-catch of diamondback terrapins in crab pots","docAbstract":"

Chronic by‐catch of diamondback terrapins (Malaclemys terrapin) in blue crab (Callinectes sapidus) pots is a concern for terrapin conservation along the United States Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico coasts. Despite the availability of by‐catch reduction devices (BRDs) for crab pots, adoption of BRDs has not been mandated and by‐catch of terrapins continues. We conducted experimental fishing studies in North Carolina's year‐round blue crab fishery from 2000 to 2004 to evaluate the ability of various BRDs to reduce terrapin by‐catch without a concomitant reduction in the catch of blue crabs. In 4,822 crab pot days fished, we recorded only 21 terrapin captures. Estimated capture rates were 0.003 terrapins/pot per day in hard crab experimental fishing and 0.008 terrapins/pot per day in peeler experimental fishing. All terrapin captures occurred from April to mid‐May within 321.4 m of the shoreline. Longer soak times produced more dead terrapins, with 4 live and 4 dead during hard crab experimental fishing and 11 live and 2 dead during peeler experimental fishing. The 4.0‐cm BRDs in fall and 4.5‐cm and 5.0‐cm BRDs in spring reduced the catch of legal‐sized male hard crabs by 26.6%, 21.2%, and 5.7%, respectively. Only the 5.0‐cm BRDs did not significantly affect the catch of legal‐sized hard male crabs. However, BRDs had no measurable effect on catch of target crabs in the peeler crab fishery. Our results identify 3 complementary and economically feasible tools for blue crab fishery managers to exclude terrapins from commercially fished crab pots in North Carolina: 1) gear modifications (e.g., BRDs); 2) distance‐to‐shore restrictions; and 3) time‐of‐year regulations. These measures combined could provide a reduction in terrapin by‐catch of up to 95% without a significant reduction in target crab catch.

","language":"English","publisher":"The Wildlife Society","publisherLocation":"Bethesda, MD","doi":"10.1002/jwmg.49","usgsCitation":"Hart, K.M., and Crowder, L.B., 2011, Mitigating by-catch of diamondback terrapins in crab pots: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 75, no. 2, p. 264-272, https://doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.49.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"264","endPage":"272","costCenters":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":204467,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -76.52458190917967,\n 34.72863401788879\n ],\n [\n -76.43531799316406,\n 34.72863401788879\n ],\n [\n -76.43531799316406,\n 34.8183131456094\n ],\n [\n -76.52458190917967,\n 34.8183131456094\n ],\n [\n -76.52458190917967,\n 34.72863401788879\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"75","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-03-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db699aef","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hart, Kristen M. 0000-0002-5257-7974 kristen_hart@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5257-7974","contributorId":1966,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hart","given":"Kristen","email":"kristen_hart@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":349419,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Crowder, Larry B.","contributorId":68024,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crowder","given":"Larry","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349420,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70004609,"text":"70004609 - 2011 - Sedimentation and response to sea-level rise of a restored marsh with reduced tidal exchange: Comparison with a natural tidal marsh","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:58","indexId":"70004609","displayToPublicDate":"2011-12-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1801,"text":"Geomorphology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sedimentation and response to sea-level rise of a restored marsh with reduced tidal exchange: Comparison with a natural tidal marsh","docAbstract":"Along coasts and estuaries, formerly embanked land is increasingly restored into tidal marshes in order to re-establish valuable ecosystem services, such as buffering against flooding. Along the Scheldt estuary (Belgium), tidal marshes are restored on embanked land by allowing a controlled reduced tide (CRT) into a constructed basin, through a culvert in the embankment. In this way tidal water levels are significantly lowered (ca. 3 m) so that a CRT marsh can develop on formerly embanked land with a ca. 3 m lower elevation than the natural tidal marshes. In this study we compared the long-term change in elevation (ΔE) within a CRT marsh and adjacent natural tidal marsh. Over a period of 4 years, the observed spatio-temporal variations in ΔE rate were related to variations in inundation depth, and this relationship was not significantly different for the CRT marsh and natural tidal marsh. A model was developed to simulate the ΔE over the next century. (1) Under a scenario without mean high water level (MHWL) rise in the estuary, the model shows that the marsh elevation-ΔE feedback that is typical for a natural tidal marsh (i.e. rising marsh elevation results in decreasing inundation depth and therefore a decreasing increase in elevation) is absent in the basin of the CRT marsh. This is because tidal exchange of water volumes between the estuary and CRT marsh are independent from the CRT marsh elevation but dependent on the culvert dimensions. Thus the volume of water entering the CRT remains constant regardless of the marsh elevation. Consequently the CRT MHWL follows the increase in CRT surface elevation, resulting after 75 years in a 2–2.5 times larger elevation gain in the CRT marsh, and a faster reduction of spatial elevation differences. (2) Under a scenario of constant MHWL rise (historical rate of 1.5 cm a-1), the equilibrium elevation (relative to MHWL) is 0.13 m lower in the CRT marsh and is reached almost 2 times faster. (3) Under a scenario of accelerated MHWL rise (acceleration of 0.02 cm a-1), the CRT marsh is much less able to keep up with the MHWL rise; after 75 years the CRT elevation is already 0.21 m lower than for the natural marsh. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that although short-term (4 years) ΔE rates are similar in a restored CRT marsh and natural tidal marsh, these ecosystems may evolve differently in response to sea-level rise in the longer term (10–100 years).","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geomorphology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/j.geomorph.2011.03.004","usgsCitation":"Vandenbruwaene, W., Maris, T., Cahoon, D.R., Meire, P., and Temmerman, S., 2011, Sedimentation and response to sea-level rise of a restored marsh with reduced tidal exchange: Comparison with a natural tidal marsh: Geomorphology, v. 130, no. 3-4, p. 115-126, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2011.03.004.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"115","endPage":"126","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":21864,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2011.03.004","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":204162,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Belgium","otherGeospatial":"Scheldt Estuary","volume":"130","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0be4b07f02db5fbd03","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vandenbruwaene, W.","contributorId":17358,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vandenbruwaene","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350839,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Maris, T.","contributorId":58762,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maris","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350842,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cahoon, Donald R. 0000-0002-2591-5667","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2591-5667","contributorId":65424,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cahoon","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":350843,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Meire, P.","contributorId":29943,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meire","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350841,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Temmerman, S.","contributorId":18099,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Temmerman","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350840,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70004882,"text":"70004882 - 2011 - Sediment infilling and wetland formation dynamics in an active crevasse splay of the Mississippi River delta","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:58","indexId":"70004882","displayToPublicDate":"2011-12-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1801,"text":"Geomorphology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sediment infilling and wetland formation dynamics in an active crevasse splay of the Mississippi River delta","docAbstract":"Crevasse splay environments provide a mesocosm for evaluating wetland formation and maintenance processes on a decadal time scale. Site elevation, water levels, vertical accretion, elevation change, shallow subsidence, and plant biomass were measured at five habitats along an elevation gradient to evaluate wetland formation and development in Brant Pass Splay; an active crevasse splay of the Balize delta of the Mississippi River. The processes of vertical development (vertical accretion, elevation change, and shallow subsidence) were measured with the surface elevation table–marker horizon method. There were three distinct stages to the accrual of elevation capital and wetland formation in the splay: sediment infilling, vegetative colonization, and development of a mature wetland community. Accretion, elevation gain, and shallow subsidence all decreased by an order of magnitude from the open water (lowest elevation) to the forest (highest elevation) habitats. Vegetative colonization occurred within the first growing season following emergence of the mud surface. An explosively high rate of below-ground production quickly stabilized the loosely consolidated sub-aerial sediments. After emergent vegetation colonization, vertical development slowed and maintenance of marsh elevation was driven both by sediment trapping by the vegetation and accumulation of plant organic matter in the soil. Continued vertical development and survival of the marsh then depended on the health and productivity of the plant community. The process of delta wetland formation is both complex and nonlinear. Determining the dynamics of wetland formation will help in understanding the processes driving the past building of the delta and in developing models for restoring degraded wetlands in the Mississippi River delta and other deltas around the world.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geomorphology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/j.geomorph.2010.12.002","usgsCitation":"Cahoon, D.R., White, D.A., and Lynch, J., 2011, Sediment infilling and wetland formation dynamics in an active crevasse splay of the Mississippi River delta: Geomorphology, v. 131, no. 3-4, p. 57-68, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2010.12.002.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"57","endPage":"68","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":24395,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2010.12.002","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":204185,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Mississippi River Delta","volume":"131","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0be4b07f02db5fc010","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cahoon, Donald R. 0000-0002-2591-5667 dcahoon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2591-5667","contributorId":3791,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cahoon","given":"Donald","email":"dcahoon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":351578,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"White, David A.","contributorId":13364,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351579,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lynch, James C.","contributorId":54717,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lynch","given":"James C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351580,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70006138,"text":"sir20115176 - 2011 - Using observed postconstruction peak discharges to evaluate a hydrologic and hydraulic design model, Boneyard Creek, Champaign and Urbana, Illinois","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:43","indexId":"sir20115176","displayToPublicDate":"2011-12-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-5176","title":"Using observed postconstruction peak discharges to evaluate a hydrologic and hydraulic design model, Boneyard Creek, Champaign and Urbana, Illinois","docAbstract":"Boneyard Creek—which drains an urbanized watershed in the cities of Champaign and Urbana, Illinois, including part of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (UIUC) campus—has historically been prone to flooding. Using the Stormwater Management Model (SWMM), a hydrologic and hydraulic model of Boneyard Creek was developed for the design of the projects making up the first phase of a long-term plan for flood control on Boneyard Creek, and the construction of the projects was completed in May 2003. The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Cities of Champaign and Urbana and UIUC, installed and operated stream and rain gages in order to obtain data for evaluation of the design-model simulations. In this study, design-model simulations were evaluated by using observed postconstruction precipitation and peak-discharge data. Between May 2003 and September 2008, five high-flow events on Boneyard Creek satisfied the study criterion. The five events were simulated with the design model by using observed precipitation. The simulations were run with two different values of the parameter controlling the soil moisture at the beginning of the storms and two different ways of spatially distributing the precipitation, making a total of four simulation scenarios. The simulated and observed peak discharges and stages were compared at gaged locations along the Creek. The discharge at one of these locations was deemed to be critical for evaluating the design model. The uncertainty of the measured peak discharge was also estimated at the critical location with a method based on linear regression of the stage and discharge relation, an estimate of the uncertainty of the acoustic Doppler velocity meter measurements, and the uncertainty of the stage measurements. For four of the five events, the simulated peak discharges lie within the 95-percent confidence interval of the observed peak discharges at the critical location; the fifth was just outside the upper end of this interval. For two of the four simulation scenarios, the simulation results for one event at the critical location were numerically unstable in the vicinity of the discharge peak. For the remaining scenarios, the simulated peak discharges over the five events at the critical location differ from the observed peak discharges (simulated minus observed) by an average of 7.7 and -1.5 percent, respectively. The simulated peak discharges over the four events for which all scenarios have numerically stable results at the critical location differs from the observed peak discharges (simulated minus observed) by an average of -6.8, 4.0, -5.4, and 1.5 percent, for the four scenarios, respectively. Overall, the discharge peaks simulated for this study at the critical location are approximately balanced between overprediction and underprediction and do not indicate significant model bias or inaccuracy. Additional comparisons were made by using peak stages at the critical location and two additional sites and using peak discharges at one additional site. These comparisons showed the same pattern of differences between observed and simulated values across events but varying biases depending on streamgage and measurement type (discharge or stage). Altogether, the results from this study show no clear evidence that the design model is significantly inaccurate or biased and, therefore, no clear evidence that the modeled flood-control projects in Champaign and on the University of Illinois campus have increased flood stages or discharges downstream in Urbana.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20115176","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the City of Champaign, Illinois, the City of Urbana, Illinois, and the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign","usgsCitation":"Over, T.M., Soong, D., and Holmes, R.R., 2011, Using observed postconstruction peak discharges to evaluate a hydrologic and hydraulic design model, Boneyard Creek, Champaign and Urbana, Illinois: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5176, vi, 37 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20115176.","productDescription":"vi, 37 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2003-05-01","temporalEnd":"2008-09-30","costCenters":[{"id":344,"text":"Illinois Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":110983,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5176/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":116683,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2011_5176.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Illinois","city":"Champaign-urbana","otherGeospatial":"Boneyard Creek Watershed","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -88.26666666666667,40.08416666666667 ], [ -88.26666666666667,40.13333333333333 ], [ -88.18361111111112,40.13333333333333 ], [ -88.18361111111112,40.08416666666667 ], [ -88.26666666666667,40.08416666666667 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a14e4b07f02db602eae","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Over, Thomas M. 0000-0001-8280-4368 tmover@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8280-4368","contributorId":1819,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Over","given":"Thomas","email":"tmover@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":344,"text":"Illinois Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353918,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Soong, David T.","contributorId":87487,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Soong","given":"David T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353919,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Holmes, Robert R. Jr. 0000-0002-5060-3999 bholmes@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5060-3999","contributorId":1624,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holmes","given":"Robert","suffix":"Jr.","email":"bholmes@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":353917,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70003681,"text":"70003681 - 2011 - Model and parametric uncertainty in source-based kinematic models of earthquake ground motion","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-27T15:42:35","indexId":"70003681","displayToPublicDate":"2011-12-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Model and parametric uncertainty in source-based kinematic models of earthquake ground motion","docAbstract":"

Four independent ground-motion simulation codes are used to model the strong ground motion for three earthquakes: 1994 Mw 6.7 Northridge, 1989 Mw 6.9 Loma Prieta, and 1999 Mw 7.5 Izmit. These 12 sets of synthetics are used to make estimates of the variability in ground-motion predictions. In addition, ground-motion predictions over a grid of sites are used to estimate parametric uncertainty for changes in rupture velocity. We find that the combined model uncertainty and random variability of the simulations is in the same range as the variability of regional empirical ground-motion data sets. The majority of the standard deviations lie between 0.5 and 0.7 natural-log units for response spectra and 0.5 and 0.8 for Fourier spectra. The estimate of model epistemic uncertainty, based on the different model predictions, lies between 0.2 and 0.4, which is about one-half of the estimates for the standard deviation of the combined model uncertainty and random variability. Parametric uncertainty, based on variation of just the average rupture velocity, is shown to be consistent in amplitude with previous estimates, showing percentage changes in ground motion from 50% to 300% when rupture velocity changes from 2.5 to 2.9 km/s. In addition, there is some evidence that mean biases can be reduced by averaging ground-motion estimates from different methods.

","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","publisherLocation":"El Cerrito, CA","doi":"10.1785/0120110028","usgsCitation":"Hartzell, S.H., Frankel, A., Liu, P., Zeng, Y., and Rahman, S., 2011, Model and parametric uncertainty in source-based kinematic models of earthquake ground motion: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 101, no. 5, p. 2431-2452, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120110028.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"2431","endPage":"2452","numberOfPages":"22","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":204444,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"101","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-09-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a26e4b07f02db60fe55","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hartzell, Stephen H. 0000-0003-0858-9043 shartzell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0858-9043","contributorId":2594,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hartzell","given":"Stephen","email":"shartzell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":348307,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Frankel, Arthur","contributorId":103761,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frankel","given":"Arthur","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348310,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Liu, Pengcheng","contributorId":63522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"Pengcheng","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348308,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Zeng, Yuehua zeng@usgs.gov","contributorId":1623,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zeng","given":"Yuehua","email":"zeng@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":348306,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Rahman, Shariftur","contributorId":82839,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rahman","given":"Shariftur","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348309,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70003974,"text":"70003974 - 2011 - Spatial distribution and risk factors of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 in China","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-24T15:07:23","indexId":"70003974","displayToPublicDate":"2011-12-01T18:29:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2981,"text":"PLoS Pathogens","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spatial distribution and risk factors of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 in China","docAbstract":"Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 was first encountered in 1996 in Guangdong province (China) and started spreading throughout Asia and the western Palearctic in 2004–2006. Compared to several other countries where the HPAI H5N1 distribution has been studied in some detail, little is known about the environmental correlates of the HPAI H5N1 distribution in China. HPAI H5N1 clinical disease outbreaks, and HPAI virus (HPAIV) H5N1 isolated from active risk-based surveillance sampling of domestic poultry (referred to as HPAIV H5N1 surveillance positives in this manuscript) were modeled separately using seven risk variables: chicken, domestic waterfowl population density, proportion of land covered by rice or surface water, cropping intensity, elevation, and human population density. We used bootstrapped logistic regression and boosted regression trees (BRT) with cross-validation to identify the weight of each variable, to assess the predictive power of the models, and to map the distribution of HPAI H5N1 risk. HPAI H5N1 clinical disease outbreak occurrence in domestic poultry was mainly associated with chicken density, human population density, and elevation. In contrast, HPAIV H5N1 infection identified by risk-based surveillance was associated with domestic waterfowl density, human population density, and the proportion of land covered by surface water. Both models had a high explanatory power (mean AUC ranging from 0.864 to 0.967). The map of HPAIV H5N1 risk distribution based on active surveillance data emphasized areas south of the Yangtze River, while the distribution of reported outbreak risk extended further North, where the density of poultry and humans is higher. We quantified the statistical association between HPAI H5N1 outbreak, HPAIV distribution and post-vaccination levels of seropositivity (percentage of effective post-vaccination seroconversion in vaccinated birds) and found that provinces with either outbreaks or HPAIV H5N1 surveillance positives in 2007–2009 appeared to have had lower antibody response to vaccination. The distribution of HPAI H5N1 risk in China appears more limited geographically than previously assessed, offering prospects for better targeted surveillance and control interventions.","language":"English","publisher":"Public Library of Science","publisherLocation":"San Francisco, CA","doi":"10.1371/journal.ppat.1001308","usgsCitation":"Martin, V., Pfeiffer, D.U., Zhou, X., Xiao, X., Prosser, D.J., Guo, F., and Gilbert, M., 2011, Spatial distribution and risk factors of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 in China: PLoS Pathogens, v. 7, no. 3, e1001308; 11 p., https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1001308.","productDescription":"e1001308; 11 p.","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474860,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1001308","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":204535,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"China","volume":"7","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-03-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b946ae4b08c986b31aa80","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Martin, Vincent","contributorId":92792,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"Vincent","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349979,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pfeiffer, Dirk U.","contributorId":100523,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pfeiffer","given":"Dirk","email":"","middleInitial":"U.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349980,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zhou, Xiaoyan","contributorId":80813,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhou","given":"Xiaoyan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349978,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Xiao, Xiangming","contributorId":67212,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Xiao","given":"Xiangming","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349977,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Prosser, Diann J. 0000-0002-5251-1799 dprosser@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5251-1799","contributorId":2389,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prosser","given":"Diann","email":"dprosser@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":349975,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Guo, Fusheng","contributorId":104209,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guo","given":"Fusheng","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349981,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Gilbert, Marius","contributorId":61148,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gilbert","given":"Marius","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349976,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70003965,"text":"70003965 - 2011 - Modeling the potential impact of seasonal and inactive multi-aquifer wells on contaminant movement to public water-supply wells","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-19T08:46:28","indexId":"70003965","displayToPublicDate":"2011-12-01T15:15:33","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2529,"text":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modeling the potential impact of seasonal and inactive multi-aquifer wells on contaminant movement to public water-supply wells","docAbstract":"

Wells screened across multiple aquifers can provide pathways for the movement of surprisingly large volumes of groundwater to confined aquifers used for public water supply (PWS). Using a simple numerical model, we examine the impact of several pumping scenarios on leakage from an unconfined aquifer to a confined aquifer and conclude that a single inactive multi-aquifer well can contribute nearly 10% of total PWS well flow over a wide range of pumping rates. This leakage can occur even when the multi-aquifer well is more than a kilometer from the PWS well. The contribution from multi-aquifer wells may be greater under conditions where seasonal pumping (e.g., irrigation) creates large, widespread downward hydraulic gradients between aquifers. Under those conditions, water can continue to leak down a multi-aquifer well from an unconfined aquifer to a confined aquifer even when those multi-aquifer wells are actively pumped. An important implication is that, if an unconfined aquifer is contaminated, multi-aquifer wells can increase the vulnerability of a confined-aquifer PWS well.

","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.2011.00526.x","usgsCitation":"Johnson, R., Clark, B., Landon, M., Kauffman, L.J., and Eberts, S.M., 2011, Modeling the potential impact of seasonal and inactive multi-aquifer wells on contaminant movement to public water-supply wells: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 47, no. 3, p. 588-596, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2011.00526.x.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"588","endPage":"596","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":513,"text":"Ohio Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474862,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2011.00526.x","text":"External Repository"},{"id":204166,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"47","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-03-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5c4ce4b0c8380cd6fba0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, R.L.","contributorId":47305,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Johnson","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":17860,"text":"Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":349763,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Clark, B.R.","contributorId":51901,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"B.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349765,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Landon, M.K. 0000-0002-5766-0494","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5766-0494","contributorId":69572,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Landon","given":"M.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349767,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kauffman, L. J. 0000-0003-4564-0362","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4564-0362","contributorId":65217,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kauffman","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":349766,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Eberts, S. M.","contributorId":28276,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eberts","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349764,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70006342,"text":"70006342 - 2011 - Accounting for non-independent detection when estimating abundance of organisms with a Bayesian approach","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-18T15:15:31.998461","indexId":"70006342","displayToPublicDate":"2011-12-01T14:24:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2717,"text":"Methods in Ecology and Evolution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Accounting for non-independent detection when estimating abundance of organisms with a Bayesian approach","docAbstract":"

Summary

1. Binomial mixture models use repeated count data to estimate abundance. They are becoming increasingly popular because they provide a simple and cost‐effective way to account for imperfect detection. However, these models assume that individuals are detected independently of each other. This assumption may often be violated in the field. For instance, manatees (Trichechus manatus latirostris) may surface in turbid water (i.e. become available for detection during aerial surveys) in a correlated manner (i.e. in groups). However, correlated behaviour, affecting the non‐independence of individual detections, may also be relevant in other systems (e.g. correlated patterns of singing in birds and amphibians).

2. We extend binomial mixture models to account for correlated behaviour and therefore to account for non‐independent detection of individuals. We simulated correlated behaviour using beta‐binomial random variables. Our approach can be used to simultaneously estimate abundance, detection probability and a correlation parameter.

3. Fitting binomial mixture models to data that followed a beta‐binomial distribution resulted in an overestimation of abundance even for moderate levels of correlation. In contrast, the beta‐binomial mixture model performed considerably better in our simulation scenarios. We also present a goodness‐of‐fit procedure to evaluate the fit of beta‐binomial mixture models.

4. We illustrate our approach by fitting both binomial and beta‐binomial mixture models to aerial survey data of manatees in Florida. We found that the binomial mixture model did not fit the data, whereas there was no evidence of lack of fit for the beta‐binomial mixture model. This example helps illustrate the importance of using simulations and assessing goodness‐of‐fit when analysing ecological data with N‐mixture models. Indeed, both the simulations and the goodness‐of‐fit procedure highlighted the limitations of the standard binomial mixture model for aerial manatee surveys.

5. Overestimation of abundance by binomial mixture models owing to non‐independent detections is problematic for ecological studies, but also for conservation. For example, in the case of endangered species, it could lead to inappropriate management decisions, such as downlisting. These issues will be increasingly relevant as more ecologists apply flexible N‐mixture models to ecological data.

","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","publisherLocation":"Hoboken, NJ","doi":"10.1111/j.2041-210X.2011.00113.x","usgsCitation":"Martin, J., Royle, J., MacKenzie, D.I., Edwards, H.H., Kery, M., and Gardner, B., 2011, Accounting for non-independent detection when estimating abundance of organisms with a Bayesian approach: Methods in Ecology and Evolution, v. 2, no. 6, p. 595-601, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2041-210X.2011.00113.x.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"595","endPage":"601","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474865,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2041-210x.2011.00113.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":204690,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-04-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e66ee4b0c8380cd47407","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Martin, Julien 0000-0002-7375-129X julienmartin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7375-129X","contributorId":5785,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"Julien","email":"julienmartin@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":354332,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Royle, J. Andrew 0000-0003-3135-2167","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3135-2167","contributorId":80808,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Royle","given":"J. Andrew","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":354335,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"MacKenzie, Darryl I.","contributorId":94436,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"MacKenzie","given":"Darryl","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354337,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Edwards, Holly H.","contributorId":66419,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edwards","given":"Holly","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354334,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kery, Marc","contributorId":38680,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kery","given":"Marc","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354333,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Gardner, Beth","contributorId":91612,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gardner","given":"Beth","affiliations":[{"id":13553,"text":"University of Washington-Seattle","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":354336,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70004693,"text":"70004693 - 2011 - Exchange of Groundwater and Surface-Water Mediated by Permafrost Response to Seasonal and Long Term Air Temperature Variation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:16:00","indexId":"70004693","displayToPublicDate":"2011-12-01T13:57:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Exchange of Groundwater and Surface-Water Mediated by Permafrost Response to Seasonal and Long Term Air Temperature Variation","docAbstract":"Permafrost dynamics impact hydrologic cycle processes by promoting or impeding groundwater and surface water exchange. Under seasonal and decadal air temperature variations, permafrost temperature changes control the exchanges between groundwater and surface water. A coupled heat transport and groundwater flow model, SUTRA, was modified to simulate groundwater flow and heat transport in the subsurface containing permafrost. The northern central Tibet Plateau was used as an example of model application. Modeling results show that in a yearly cycle, groundwater flow occurs in the active layer from May to October. Maximum groundwater discharge to the surface lags the maximum subsurface temperature by two months. Under an increasing air temperature scenario of 3?C per 100 years, over the initial 40-year period, the active layer thickness can increase by three-fold. Annual groundwater discharge to the surface can experience a similar three-fold increase in the same period. An implication of these modeling results is that with increased warming there will be more groundwater flow in the active layer and therefore increased groundwater discharge to rivers. However, this finding only holds if sufficient upgradient water is available to replenish the increased discharge. Otherwise, there will be an overall lowering of the water table in the recharge portion of the catchment.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geophysical Research Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2011GL047911","usgsCitation":"Ge, S., McKenzie, J., Voss, C., and Wu, Q., 2011, Exchange of Groundwater and Surface-Water Mediated by Permafrost Response to Seasonal and Long Term Air Temperature Variation: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 38, no. L14402, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2011GL047911.","productDescription":"6 p.","costCenters":[{"id":148,"text":"Branch of Regional Research-Western Region","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474868,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2011gl047911","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":204225,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":112406,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2011GL047911"}],"country":"United States","volume":"38","issue":"L14402","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-07-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0da7e4b0c8380cd5311b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ge, Shemin","contributorId":37366,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ge","given":"Shemin","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351161,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McKenzie, Jeffrey","contributorId":37466,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKenzie","given":"Jeffrey","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351162,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Voss, Clifford","contributorId":63150,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Voss","given":"Clifford","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351163,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wu, Qingbai","contributorId":101798,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wu","given":"Qingbai","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351164,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70148168,"text":"70148168 - 2011 - A comparison of avian communities and habitat characteristics in floodplain forests associated with valley plugs and unchannelized streams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-17T09:43:30","indexId":"70148168","displayToPublicDate":"2011-12-01T13:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3301,"text":"River Research and Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A comparison of avian communities and habitat characteristics in floodplain forests associated with valley plugs and unchannelized streams","docAbstract":"

Channelization of streams associated with floodplain forested wetlands has occurred extensively throughout the world and specifically in the southeastern United States. Channelization of fluvial systems alters the hydrologic and sedimentation processes that sustain these systems. In western Tennessee, channelization and past land-use practices have caused drastic geomorphic and hydrologic changes, resulting in altered habitat conditions that may affect avian communities. The objective of this study was to determine if there were differences in avian communities utilizing floodplain forests along unchannelized streams compared to channelized streams with valley plugs, areas where sediment has completely filled the channel. During point count surveys, 58 bird species were observed at unchannelized sites and 60 species were observed at valley plug sites. Species associated with baldcypress-tupelo (Taxodium-Nyssa) swamps (e.g. Great Egret (Ardea albus) and Black-crowned Night Heron (Nycticorax nycticorax)) and mature hardwood forests with open midstories (e.g. Eastern Wood-Pewee (Contopus virens), Yellow-throated Vireo (Vireo flavifrons), Cerulean Warbler (Dendroica cerulea) and Scarlet Tanager (Piranga olivacea)) were either only found at unchannelized sites or were more abundant at unchannelized sites. Conversely, species associated with open and early successional habitats (e.g. Tree Swallow (Tachycineta bicolor), Northern Mockingbird (Mimus polyglottos) and Blue Grosbeak (Passerina caerulea)) were either only found at valley plug sites or were more abundant at valley plug sites. Results of habitat modelling suggest that the habitat characteristics of floodplain forests at unchannelized sites are more suitable for Neotropical migrant bird species of conservation concern in the region than at valley plug sites. This study, in combination with previous research, demonstrates the ecological impacts of valley plugs span across abiotic and biotic processes and tropic levels.

","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/rra.1429","usgsCitation":"Pierce, A.R., and King, S.L., 2011, A comparison of avian communities and habitat characteristics in floodplain forests associated with valley plugs and unchannelized streams: River Research and Applications, v. 27, no. 10, p. 1315-1324, https://doi.org/10.1002/rra.1429.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"1315","endPage":"1324","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-009960","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":300788,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"27","issue":"10","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-11-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55659931e4b0d9246a9eb60d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pierce, Aaron R.","contributorId":94421,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pierce","given":"Aaron","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":33463,"text":"Nicholls State University, Thibodaux, LA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":547613,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"King, Sammy L. 0000-0002-5364-6361 sking@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5364-6361","contributorId":557,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"King","given":"Sammy","email":"sking@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":547526,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70201979,"text":"70201979 - 2011 - Utah's geologic and geomorphic analogs to Mars—An overview for planetary exploration","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-04T10:56:35","indexId":"70201979","displayToPublicDate":"2011-12-01T10:55:27","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"22","title":"Utah's geologic and geomorphic analogs to Mars—An overview for planetary exploration","docAbstract":"

Utah offers spectacular geologic features and valuable analog environments and processes for Mars studies. Horizontal strata of the Colorado Plateau are analogous to Mars because the overprint of plate tectonics is minimal, yet the effects of strong ground motion from earthquakes or impacts are preserved in the sedimentary record. The close proximity of analog environments and lack of vegetative cover are advantages for field and remote-sensing studies. Dry, desert climate and modern wind processes of Utah are comparable to Mars and its current surface. Analogs in Utah include eolian, sabkha and saline bodies, glacial, lacustrine, spring, alluvial, fluvial, delta, and outflow channel depositional environments, as well as volcanic landforms and impact craters. Analogous secondary processes producing modification features include: diagenetic concretions, weathering and soils, sinkholes, sapping, knobs and pinnacles, crusts and varnish, and patterned grounds. Utah's physical and chemical environments are analogous to conditions on Mars where water existed and could support microorganisms. The development of Mars includes: ancient and modern depositional records, burial and diagenesis, uplift and tectonic alteration, and modern sculpting or weathering of the surface exposures. Recent satellite images are providing unprecedented details that rival the outcrop scale. Analogs in Utah are prime field localities that can be utilized in planning future robotic and human missions to Mars, and for teaching the next generation of planetary explorers.

","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Analogs for Planetary Exploration","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"GeoScienceWorld","doi":"10.1130/2011.2483(22)","isbn":"9780813724836","usgsCitation":"Chan, M.A., Nicoll, K., Ormö, J., Okubo, C., and Komatsu, G., 2011, Utah's geologic and geomorphic analogs to Mars—An overview for planetary exploration, chap. 22 of Analogs for Planetary Exploration, p. 349-375, https://doi.org/10.1130/2011.2483(22).","productDescription":"28 p.","startPage":"349","endPage":"375","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":360968,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"id\":\"47\",\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Utah\",\"nation\":\"USA 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Paper 483","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chan, Marjorie A.","contributorId":66230,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chan","given":"Marjorie","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":756410,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nicoll, Kathleen","contributorId":147872,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nicoll","given":"Kathleen","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":756411,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ormö, Jens","contributorId":166745,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ormö","given":"Jens","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":756412,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Okubo, Chris 0000-0001-9776-8128 cokubo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9776-8128","contributorId":174209,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Okubo","given":"Chris","email":"cokubo@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":756413,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Komatsu, Goro","contributorId":11061,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Komatsu","given":"Goro","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":756414,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70043371,"text":"70043371 - 2011 - Quantifying the hydrological responses to climate change in an intact forested small watershed in southern China","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-07-23T10:37:55","indexId":"70043371","displayToPublicDate":"2011-12-01T10:29:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1837,"text":"Global Change Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Quantifying the hydrological responses to climate change in an intact forested small watershed in southern China","docAbstract":"Responses of hydrological processes to climate change are key components in the Intergovernmental Panel for Climate Change (IPCC) assessment. Understanding these responses is critical for developing appropriate mitigation and adaptation strategies for sustainable water resources management and protection of public safety. However, these responses are not well understood and little long-term evidence exists. Herein, we show how climate change, specifically increased air temperature and storm intensity, can affect soil moisture dynamics and hydrological variables based on both long-term observation and model simulations using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) in an intact forested watershed (the Dinghushan Biosphere Reserve) in Southern China. Our results show that, although total annual precipitation changed little from 1950 to 2009, soil moisture decreased significantly. A significant decline was also found in the monthly 7-day low flow from 2000 to 2009. However, the maximum daily streamflow in the wet season and unconfined groundwater tables have significantly increased during the same 10-year period. The significant decreasing trends on soil moisture and low flow variables suggest that the study watershed is moving towards drought-like condition. Our analysis indicates that the intensification of rainfall storms and the increasing number of annual no-rain days were responsible for the increasing chance of both droughts and floods. We conclude that climate change has indeed induced more extreme hydrological events (e.g. droughts and floods) in this watershed and perhaps other areas of Southern China. This study also demonstrated usefulness of our research methodology and its possible applications on quantifying the impacts of climate change on hydrology in any other watersheds where long-term data are available and human disturbance is negligible.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Global Change Biology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2486.2011.02499.x","usgsCitation":"Zhou, G., Wei, X., Wu, Y., Liu, S., Huang, Y., Yan, J., Zhang, D., Zhang, Q., Liu, J., Meng, Z., Wang, C., Chu, G., Liu, S., Tang, X., and Liu, X., 2011, Quantifying the hydrological responses to climate change in an intact forested small watershed in southern China: Global Change Biology, v. 17, no. 12, p. 3736-3746, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2011.02499.x.","productDescription":"11 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Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":473478,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Huang, Yuhui","contributorId":87052,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huang","given":"Yuhui","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473489,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Yan, Junhua","contributorId":53271,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yan","given":"Junhua","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473485,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Zhang, Deqiang","contributorId":59707,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhang","given":"Deqiang","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473486,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Zhang, Qianmei","contributorId":75045,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhang","given":"Qianmei","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473487,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Liu, Juxiu","contributorId":43653,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"Juxiu","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473482,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Meng, Ze","contributorId":6745,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meng","given":"Ze","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473480,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Wang, Chunlin","contributorId":38696,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wang","given":"Chunlin","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473481,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Chu, Guowei","contributorId":92146,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chu","given":"Guowei","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473490,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Liu, Shizhong","contributorId":98198,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"Shizhong","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473491,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Tang, Xu-Li","contributorId":83820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tang","given":"Xu-Li","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473488,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Liu, Xiaodong","contributorId":50804,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"Xiaodong","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473483,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15}]}} ,{"id":70032580,"text":"70032580 - 2011 - Northern goshawk monitoring in the western Great Lakes bioregion","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-04T16:25:42.23482","indexId":"70032580","displayToPublicDate":"2011-12-01T10:21:46","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2442,"text":"Journal of Raptor Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Northern goshawk monitoring in the western Great Lakes bioregion","docAbstract":"

Uncertainties about factors affecting Northern Goshawk (Accipiter gentilis) ecology and the status of populations have added to the challenge of managing this species. To address data needs for determining the status of goshawk populations, Hargis and Woodbridge (2006) developed a bioregional monitoring protocol based on estimating occupancy. The goal of our study was to implement this protocol and collect data to determine goshawk population status in the western Great Lakes (WGL) bioregion, which encompasses portions of Minnesota, Wisconsin, and Michigan, and is a mixture of private and public property. We used 366 goshawk nest locations obtained between 1979 and 2006 throughout the WGL bioregion to develop a model of landscape use consisting of forest canopy cover and land-cover covariates. We then used the model to develop a stratified sampling design for selecting 600-ha Primary Sampling Units (PSUs) to survey for goshawks. Project collaborators surveyed 86 PSUs for goshawk presence using broadcasted calls twice between mid-May and mid-August 2008, and recorded 30 goshawk detections in 21 different PSUs. Seventy-four percent of detections occurred at call stations with canopy closure >75%. Goshawk detection probabilities were 0.549 ± 0.118 (standard error) for the first visit to PSUs and 0.750 ± 0.126 for the second visit. We estimated the proportion of PSUs occupied by goshawks as 0.266 ± 0.047, which corresponded to 5184 ± 914 PSUs occupied by goshawks in our study area and suggested that goshawks are widely, but sparsely, distributed throughout the WGL bioregion.

","language":"English","publisher":"BioOne","doi":"10.3356/JRR-10-52.1","usgsCitation":"Bruggeman, J.E., Andersen, D., and Woodford, J.E., 2011, Northern goshawk monitoring in the western Great Lakes bioregion: Journal of Raptor Research, v. 45, no. 4, p. 290-303, https://doi.org/10.3356/JRR-10-52.1.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"290","endPage":"303","ipdsId":"IP-013257","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474873,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3356/jrr-10-52.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":382955,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan, Minnesota, Wisconsin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -97.14111328125,\n 42.633958722673135\n ],\n [\n -83.60595703125,\n 42.633958722673135\n ],\n [\n -83.60595703125,\n 48.96579381461063\n ],\n [\n -97.14111328125,\n 48.96579381461063\n ],\n [\n -97.14111328125,\n 42.633958722673135\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"45","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a683ee4b0c8380cd736c7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bruggeman, Jason E.","contributorId":18983,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bruggeman","given":"Jason","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":809834,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Andersen, David E. 0000-0001-9535-3404 dea@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9535-3404","contributorId":2168,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andersen","given":"David E.","email":"dea@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34539,"text":"Minnesota Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":true,"id":708016,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Woodford, James E.","contributorId":60865,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Woodford","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":809835,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70006312,"text":"70006312 - 2011 - An adaptive decision framework for the conservation of a threatened plant","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-25T00:10:10","indexId":"70006312","displayToPublicDate":"2011-12-01T09:19:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2287,"text":"Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An adaptive decision framework for the conservation of a threatened plant","docAbstract":"Mead's milkweed Asclepias meadii, a long-lived perennial herb of tallgrass prairie and glade communities of the central United States, is a species designated as threatened under the U.S. Endangered Species Act. Challenges to its successful management include the facts that much about its life history is unknown, its age at reproductive maturity is very advanced, certain life stages are practically unobservable, its productivity is responsive to unpredictable environmental events, and most of the known populations occur on private lands unprotected by any legal conservation instrument. One critical source of biological uncertainty is the degree to which fire promotes growth and reproductive response in the plant. To aid in its management, we developed a prototype population-level state-dependent decision-making framework that explicitly accounts for this uncertainty and for uncertainties related to stochastic environmental effects and vital rates. To parameterize the decision model, we used estimates found in the literature, and we analyzed data from a long-term monitoring program where fates of individual plants were observed through time. We demonstrate that different optimal courses of action are followed according to how one believes that fire influences reproductive response, and we show that the action taken for certain population states is informative for resolving uncertainty about competing beliefs regarding the effect of fire. We advocate the use of a model-predictive approach for the management of rare populations, particularly when management uncertainty is profound. Over time, an adaptive management approach should reduce uncertainty and improve management performance as predictions of management outcome generated under competing models are continually informed and updated by monitoring data.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","publisherLocation":"Arlington, VA","doi":"10.3996/012011-JFWM-007","usgsCitation":"Moore, C., Fonnesbeck, C.J., Shea, K., Lah, K.J., McKenzie, P.M., Ball, L.C., Runge, M.C., and Alexander, H.M., 2011, An adaptive decision framework for the conservation of a threatened plant: Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management, v. 2, no. 2, p. 247-261, https://doi.org/10.3996/012011-JFWM-007.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"247","endPage":"261","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474877,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1808/13193","text":"External Repository"},{"id":204577,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":115886,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3996/012011-JFWM-007","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","volume":"2","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e9e2e4b0c8380cd484e4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moore, Clinton T.","contributorId":9767,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"Clinton T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354293,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fonnesbeck, Christopher J.","contributorId":72474,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fonnesbeck","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354295,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shea, Katriona","contributorId":93190,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shea","given":"Katriona","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354297,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lah, Kristopher J.","contributorId":95194,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lah","given":"Kristopher","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354298,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"McKenzie, Paul M.","contributorId":14902,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKenzie","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354294,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ball, Lianne C. 0000-0001-9331-0718 lball@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9331-0718","contributorId":4274,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ball","given":"Lianne","email":"lball@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":506,"text":"Office of the AD Ecosystems","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":354292,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Runge, Michael C. 0000-0002-8081-536X mrunge@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8081-536X","contributorId":3358,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Runge","given":"Michael","email":"mrunge@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":354291,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Alexander, Helen M.","contributorId":73334,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alexander","given":"Helen","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354296,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70003684,"text":"70003684 - 2011 - Modelling community dynamics based on species-level abundance models from detection/nondetection data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-29T14:50:01.625624","indexId":"70003684","displayToPublicDate":"2011-12-01T09:10:39","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2163,"text":"Journal of Applied Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modelling community dynamics based on species-level abundance models from detection/nondetection data","docAbstract":"

1. In large‐scale field surveys, a binary recording of each species’ detection or nondetection has been increasingly adopted for its simplicity and low cost. Because of the importance of abundance in many studies, it is desirable to obtain inferences about abundance at species‐, functional group‐, and community‐levels from such binary data.

2. We developed a novel hierarchical multi‐species abundance model based on species‐level detection/nondetection data. The model accounts for the existence of undetected species, and variability in abundance and detectability among species. Species‐level detection/nondetection is linked to species‐level abundance via a detection model that accommodates the expectation that probability of detection (at least one individuals is detected) increases with local abundance of the species. We applied this model to a 9‐year dataset composed of the detection/nondetection of forest birds, at a single post‐fire site (from 7 to 15 years after fire) in a montane area of central Japan. The model allocated undetected species into one of the predefined functional groups by assuming a prior distribution on individual group membership.

3. The results suggest that 15–20 species were missed in each year, and that species richness of communities and functional groups did not change with post‐fire forest succession. Overall abundance of birds and abundance of functional groups tended to increase over time, although only in the winter, while decreases in detectabilities were observed in several species.

4. Synthesis and applications. Understanding and prediction of large‐scale biodiversity dynamics partly hinge on how we can use data effectively. Our hierarchical model for detection/nondetection data estimates abundance in space/time at species‐, functional group‐, and community‐levels while accounting for undetected individuals and species. It also permits comparison of multiple communities by many types of abundance‐based diversity and similarity measures under imperfect detection.

","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","publisherLocation":"Hoboken, NJ","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2664.2010.01922.x","usgsCitation":"Yamaura, Y., Royle, J., Kuboi, K., Tada, T., Ikeno, S., and Makino, S., 2011, Modelling community dynamics based on species-level abundance models from detection/nondetection data: Journal of Applied Ecology, v. 48, no. 1, p. 67-75, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2664.2010.01922.x.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"67","endPage":"75","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474878,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2664.2010.01922.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":204341,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"48","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-12-17","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5c64e4b0c8380cd6fc68","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yamaura, Yuichi","contributorId":95997,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yamaura","given":"Yuichi","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348326,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Royle, J. Andrew 0000-0003-3135-2167","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3135-2167","contributorId":80808,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Royle","given":"J. Andrew","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":348325,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kuboi, Kouji","contributorId":103784,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuboi","given":"Kouji","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348327,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Tada, Tsuneo","contributorId":7407,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tada","given":"Tsuneo","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348322,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ikeno, Susumu","contributorId":12176,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ikeno","given":"Susumu","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348323,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Makino, Shun’ichi","contributorId":66401,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Makino","given":"Shun’ichi","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348324,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70173873,"text":"70173873 - 2011 - Comparing isotope signatures of prey fish: does gut removal affect δ13C or δ15N?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-15T15:15:13","indexId":"70173873","displayToPublicDate":"2011-12-01T01:15:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2299,"text":"Journal of Freshwater Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparing isotope signatures of prey fish: does gut removal affect δ13C or δ15N?","docAbstract":"

Stable isotope analysis is a quick and inexpensive method to monitor the effects of food web changes on aquatic communities. Traditionally, whole specimens have been used when determining isotope composition of prey fish or age-0 recreational fishes. However, gut contents of prey fish could potentially alter isotope composition of the specimen, especially when recent foraging has taken place or when the gut contains non-assimilated material that would normally pass through fishes undigested. To assess the impacts of gut content on prey fish isotope signatures, we examined the differences in isotopic variation of five prey fish species using whole fish, whole fish with the gut contents removed, and dorsal muscle only. We found significant differences in both δ15N and δ13C between the three tissue treatments. In most cases, muscle tissue was enriched compared to whole specimens or gut-removed specimens. Moreover, differences in mean δ15N within a species were up to 2‰ among treatments. This would result in a change of over half a trophic position (TP) based on a 3.4‰ increase per trophic level. However, there were no apparent relationships between tissue isotope values in fish with increased gut fullness (more prey tissue present). We suggest that muscle tissue should be used as the standard tissue for determining isotope composition of prey fish or age-0 recreational fishes, especially when determining enrichment for mixing models, calculating TP, or constructing aquatic food webs.

","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","publisherLocation":"Abingdon, England","doi":"10.1080/02705060.2011.604984","usgsCitation":"Chipps, S.R., Fincel, M.J., VanDeHey, J.A., and Wuestewald, A., 2011, Comparing isotope signatures of prey fish: does gut removal affect δ13C or δ15N?: Journal of Freshwater Ecology, v. 27, no. 1, p. 55-62, https://doi.org/10.1080/02705060.2011.604984.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"55","endPage":"62","numberOfPages":"8","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-031966","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":323710,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"27","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-11-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57627c2fe4b07657d19a69d2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chipps, Steven R. 0000-0001-6511-7582 steve_chipps@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6511-7582","contributorId":2243,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chipps","given":"Steven","email":"steve_chipps@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":639128,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fincel, Mark J.","contributorId":171853,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fincel","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":26957,"text":"South Dakota Game, Fish and Parks, Ft. Pierre, SD","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":639129,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"VanDeHey, Justin A.","contributorId":50800,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"VanDeHey","given":"Justin","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":639130,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wuestewald, Andrew","contributorId":171927,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wuestewald","given":"Andrew","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":639131,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70173605,"text":"70173605 - 2011 - Migration delays caused by anthropogenic barriers: modeling dams, temperature, and success on migrating salmon smolts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-21T15:10:59","indexId":"70173605","displayToPublicDate":"2011-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1450,"text":"Ecological Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Migration delays caused by anthropogenic barriers: modeling dams, temperature, and success on migrating salmon smolts","docAbstract":"

Disruption to migration is a growing problem for conservation and restoration of animal populations. Anthropogenic barriers along migration paths can delay or prolong migrations, which may result in a mismatch with migration-timing adaptations. To understand the interaction of dams (as barriers along a migration path), seasonally changing environmental conditions, timing of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) downstream migration, and ultimate migration success, we used 10 years of river temperature and discharge data as a template upon which we simulated downstream movement of salmon. Atlantic salmon is a cool-water species whose downstream migrating smolts must complete migration before river temperatures become too warm. We found that dams had a local effect on survival as well as a survival effect that was spatially and temporally removed from the encounter with the dam. While smolts are delayed by dams, temperatures downstream can reach lethal or near-lethal temperatures; as a result, the match between completion of migration and the window of appropriate migration conditions can be disrupted. The strength of this spatially and temporally removed effect is at least comparable to the local effects of dams in determining smolt migration success in the presence of dams. We also considered smolts from different tributaries, varying in distance from the river mouth, to assess the potential importance of locally adapted migration timing on the effect of barriers. Migration-initiation temperature affected modeled smolt survival differentially across tributaries, with the success of smolts from upstream tributaries being much more variable across years than that of smolts with a shorter distance to travel. As a whole, these results point to the importance of broadening our spatial and temporal view when managing migrating populations. We must consider not only how many individuals never make it across migration barriers, but also the spatially and temporally removed consequences of delays at the barriers for those individuals that successfully navigate them.

","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1890/10-0593.1","usgsCitation":"Marschall, E.A., Mather, M.E., Parrish, D.L., Allison, G.W., and McMenemy, J.R., 2011, Migration delays caused by anthropogenic barriers: modeling dams, temperature, and success on migrating salmon smolts: Ecological Applications, v. 21, no. 8, p. 3014-3031, https://doi.org/10.1890/10-0593.1.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"3014","endPage":"3031","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-020937","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":324150,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"21","issue":"8","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"576a6541e4b07657d1a11e02","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Marschall, Elizabeth A.","contributorId":41388,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marschall","given":"Elizabeth","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":640119,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mather, Martha E. 0000-0003-3027-0215 mather@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3027-0215","contributorId":2580,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mather","given":"Martha","email":"mather@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":640120,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Parrish, Donna L. 0000-0001-9693-6329 dparrish@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9693-6329","contributorId":138661,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parrish","given":"Donna","email":"dparrish@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":637394,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Allison, Gary W.","contributorId":172272,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Allison","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":640121,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"McMenemy, James R.","contributorId":172273,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McMenemy","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":640122,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70042445,"text":"70042445 - 2011 - The role of adsorbed water on the friction of a layer of submicron particles","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-05-30T15:39:57","indexId":"70042445","displayToPublicDate":"2011-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3208,"text":"Pure and Applied Geophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The role of adsorbed water on the friction of a layer of submicron particles","docAbstract":"Anomalously low values of friction observed in layers of submicron particles deformed in simple shear at high slip velocities are explained as the consequence of a one nanometer thick layer of water adsorbed on the particles. The observed transition from normal friction with an apparent coefficient near μ = 0.6 at low slip speeds to a coefficient near μ = 0.3 at higher slip speeds is attributed to competition between the time required to extrude the water layer from between neighboring particles in a force chain and the average lifetime of the chain. At low slip speeds the time required for extrusion is less than the average lifetime of a chain so the particles make contact and lock. As slip speed increases, the average lifetime of a chain decreases until it is less than the extrusion time and the particles in a force chain never come into direct contact. If the adsorbed water layer enables the otherwise rough particles to rotate, the coefficient of friction will drop to μ = 0.3, appropriate for rotating spheres. At the highest slip speeds particle temperatures rise above 100°C, the water layer vaporizes, the particles contact and lock, and the coefficient of friction rises to μ = 0.6. The observed onset of weakening at slip speeds near 0.001 m/s is consistent with the measured viscosity of a 1 nm thick layer of adsorbed water, with a minimum particle radius of approximately 20 nm, and with reasonable assumptions about the distribution of force chains guided by experimental observation. The reduction of friction and the range of velocities over which it occurs decrease with increasing normal stress, as predicted by the model. Moreover, the analysis predicts that this high-speed weakening mechanism should operate only for particles with radii smaller than approximately 1 μm. For larger particles the slip speed required for weakening is so large that frictional heating will evaporate the adsorbed water and weakening will not occur.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Pure and Applied Geophysics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00024-011-0324-0","usgsCitation":"Sammis, C.G., Lockner, D.A., and Reches, Z., 2011, The role of adsorbed water on the friction of a layer of submicron particles: Pure and Applied Geophysics, v. 168, no. 12, p. 2325-2334, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00024-011-0324-0.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"2325","endPage":"2334","ipdsId":"IP-026984","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":273035,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":273034,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00024-011-0324-0"}],"country":"United States","volume":"168","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-05-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51a874eae4b082d85d5ed8f4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sammis, Charles G.","contributorId":33208,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sammis","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471551,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lockner, David A. 0000-0001-8630-6833 dlockner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8630-6833","contributorId":567,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lockner","given":"David","email":"dlockner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":471550,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Reches, Ze’ev","contributorId":45615,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reches","given":"Ze’ev","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471552,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ]}