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,{"id":70043574,"text":"70043574 - 2011 - Evaluating interactions between river otters and muskrats at bridge crossings in Kentucky","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-23T12:17:00","indexId":"70043574","displayToPublicDate":"2011-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2373,"text":"Journal of Mammalogy","onlineIssn":"1545-1542","printIssn":"0022-2372","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluating interactions between river otters and muskrats at bridge crossings in Kentucky","docAbstract":"hreatened or endangered. Muskrat populations have been reduced in some streams where North American river otters (Lontra canadensis) were reintroduced, and it has been hypothesized that otter reintroduction could be used as a tool for conservation of mussels. We used occupancy estimation methods to evaluate the ecological relationship between muskrats and otters by collecting presence–absence data based on field sign found at bridge crossings in eastern and central Kentucky. Mean detection probabilities (ps) and occupancy probabilities (ψs) for muskrats were 0.692 (SE  =  0.045) and 0.723 (SE  =  0.071) and for otters were 0.623 (SE  =  0.036) and 0.662 (SE  =  0.069), respectively. Otter occupancy was related negatively to distance from release sites, which suggests that the otter population is still expanding its range. A 2-species interaction model indicated that the occupancy by muskrats and river otters was independent, and we conclude that river otter reintroduction would not be an effective strategy for conserving mussels.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Mammalogy","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"BioOne","doi":"10.1644/11-MAMM-A-088.1","usgsCitation":"Clark, J.D., and Williamson, R., 2011, Evaluating interactions between river otters and muskrats at bridge crossings in Kentucky: Journal of Mammalogy, v. 92, no. 6, p. 1314-1320, https://doi.org/10.1644/11-MAMM-A-088.1.","startPage":"1314","endPage":"1320","ipdsId":"IP-032508","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488080,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1644/11-mamm-a-088.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":268018,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":268017,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1644/11-MAMM-A-088.1"}],"country":"United States","volume":"92","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-12-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5129f31ee4b04edf7e93f89a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clark, Joseph D. 0000-0002-8547-8112 jclark1@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8547-8112","contributorId":2265,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"Joseph","email":"jclark1@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":473869,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Williamson, Ryan","contributorId":65736,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williamson","given":"Ryan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473870,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70042483,"text":"70042483 - 2011 - High-frequency Born synthetic seismograms based on coupled normal modes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-04-17T20:29:44","indexId":"70042483","displayToPublicDate":"2011-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1803,"text":"Geophysical Journal International","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"High-frequency Born synthetic seismograms based on coupled normal modes","docAbstract":"High-frequency and full waveform synthetic seismograms on a 3-D laterally heterogeneous earth model are simulated using the theory of coupled normal modes. The set of coupled integral equations that describe the 3-D response are simplified into a set of uncoupled integral equations by using the Born approximation to calculate scattered wavefields and the pure-path approximation to modulate the phase of incident and scattered wavefields. This depends upon a decomposition of the aspherical structure into smooth and rough components. The uncoupled integral equations are discretized and solved in the frequency domain, and time domain results are obtained by inverse Fourier transform. Examples show the utility of the normal mode approach to synthesize the seismic wavefields resulting from interaction with a combination of rough and smooth structural heterogeneities. This approach is applied to an ∼4 Hz shallow crustal wave propagation around the site of the San Andreas Fault Observatory at Depth (SAFOD).","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geophysical Journal International","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-246X.2011.05188.x","usgsCitation":"Pollitz, F., 2011, High-frequency Born synthetic seismograms based on coupled normal modes: Geophysical Journal International, v. 187, no. 3, p. 1420-1442, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.2011.05188.x.","startPage":"1420","endPage":"1442","ipdsId":"IP-032212","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474881,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246x.2011.05188.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":271033,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":271032,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.2011.05188.x"}],"country":"United States","volume":"187","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-10-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"516fc465e4b05024ef3cd404","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pollitz, Fred F. fpollitz@usgs.gov","contributorId":2408,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pollitz","given":"Fred F.","email":"fpollitz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":471617,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70004874,"text":"70004874 - 2011 - Modelling the distribution of chickens, ducks, and geese in China","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-16T15:38:53","indexId":"70004874","displayToPublicDate":"2011-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":682,"text":"Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modelling the distribution of chickens, ducks, and geese in China","docAbstract":"Global concerns over the emergence of zoonotic pandemics emphasize the need for high-resolution population distribution mapping and spatial modelling. Ongoing efforts to model disease risk in China have been hindered by a lack of available species level distribution maps for poultry. The goal of this study was to develop 1 km resolution population density models for China's chickens, ducks, and geese. We used an information theoretic approach to predict poultry densities based on statistical relationships between poultry census data and high-resolution agro-ecological predictor variables. Model predictions were validated by comparing goodness of fit measures (root mean square error and correlation coefficient) for observed and predicted values for 1/4 of the sample data which were not used for model training. Final output included mean and coefficient of variation maps for each species. We tested the quality of models produced using three predictor datasets and 4 regional stratification methods. For predictor variables, a combination of traditional predictors for livestock mapping and land use predictors produced the best goodness of fit scores. Comparison of regional stratifications indicated that for chickens and ducks, a stratification based on livestock production systems produced the best results; for geese, an agro-ecological stratification produced best results. However, for all species, each method of regional stratification produced significantly better goodness of fit scores than the global model. Here we provide descriptive methods, analytical comparisons, and model output for China's first high resolution, species level poultry distribution maps. Output will be made available to the scientific and public community for use in a wide range of applications from epidemiological studies to livestock policy and management initiatives.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/j.agee.2011.04.002","usgsCitation":"Prosser, D.J., Wu, J., Ellis, E.C., Gale, F., Van Boeckel, T.P., Wint, W., Robinson, T., Xiao, X., and Gilbert, M., 2011, Modelling the distribution of chickens, ducks, and geese in China: Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, v. 141, no. 3-4, p. 381-389, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2011.04.002.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"381","endPage":"389","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474883,"rank":10001,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/115772","text":"External Repository"},{"id":438822,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9Z37S8Q","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Models describing the distribution of chickens, ducks, and geese in China"},{"id":24385,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2011.04.002","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":204506,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"China","volume":"141","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5c75e4b0c8380cd6fcf3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Prosser, Diann J. 0000-0002-5251-1799 dprosser@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5251-1799","contributorId":2389,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prosser","given":"Diann","email":"dprosser@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":351546,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wu, Junxi","contributorId":94030,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wu","given":"Junxi","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351554,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ellis, Erie C.","contributorId":87678,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellis","given":"Erie","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351553,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gale, Fred","contributorId":71310,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gale","given":"Fred","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351552,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Van Boeckel, Thomas P.","contributorId":47076,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Boeckel","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351548,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Wint, William","contributorId":67645,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wint","given":"William","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351551,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Robinson, Tim","contributorId":7834,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robinson","given":"Tim","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351547,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Xiao, Xiangming","contributorId":67212,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Xiao","given":"Xiangming","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351550,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Gilbert, Marius","contributorId":61148,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gilbert","given":"Marius","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351549,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":70006122,"text":"ds645 - 2011 - Catalog of earthquake hypocenters at Alaskan volcanoes: January 1 through December 31, 2010","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-09-07T16:39:24","indexId":"ds645","displayToPublicDate":"2011-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"645","title":"Catalog of earthquake hypocenters at Alaskan volcanoes: January 1 through December 31, 2010","docAbstract":"<p>Between January 1 and December 31, 2010, the Alaska Volcano Observatory (AVO) located 3,405 earthquakes, of which 2,846 occurred within 20 kilometers of the 33 volcanoes with seismograph subnetworks. There was no significant seismic activity in 2010 at these monitored volcanic centers. Seismograph subnetworks with severe outages in 2009 were repaired in 2010 resulting in three volcanic centers (Aniakchak, Korovin, and Veniaminof) being relisted in the formal list of monitored volcanoes. This catalog includes locations and statistics of the earthquakes located in 2010 with the station parameters, velocity models, and other files used to locate these earthquakes.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds645","usgsCitation":"Dixon, J.P., Stihler, S.D., Power, J.A., and Searcy, C.K., 2011, Catalog of earthquake hypocenters at Alaskan volcanoes: January 1 through December 31, 2010: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 645, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds645.","productDescription":"HTML Document","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2010-01-01","temporalEnd":"2010-12-31","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":110978,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/645/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":116719,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds_645.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -181.82373046875,\n              50.86491125522503\n            ],\n            [\n              -182.120361328125,\n              52.09975692575725\n            ],\n            [\n              -170.33203125,\n              61.33353967329142\n            ],\n            [\n              -153.45703125,\n              65.47650756256367\n            ],\n            [\n              -141.15234374999997,\n              66.26685631430843\n            ],\n            [\n              -141.15234374999997,\n              59.88893689676585\n            ],\n            [\n              -153.8525390625,\n              53.69670647530323\n            ],\n            [\n              -181.82373046875,\n              50.86491125522503\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f39be4b0c8380cd4b8e3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dixon, James P. 0000-0002-8478-9971 jpdixon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8478-9971","contributorId":3163,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dixon","given":"James","email":"jpdixon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353884,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stihler, Scott D.","contributorId":31373,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stihler","given":"Scott","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353885,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Power, John A. 0000-0002-7233-4398 jpower@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7233-4398","contributorId":2768,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Power","given":"John","email":"jpower@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":353883,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Searcy, Cheryl K.","contributorId":107013,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Searcy","given":"Cheryl","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353886,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70154836,"text":"70154836 - 2011 - Adaptive management of bull trout populations in the Lemhi Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-14T17:45:59.759906","indexId":"70154836","displayToPublicDate":"2011-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2287,"text":"Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Adaptive management of bull trout populations in the Lemhi Basin","docAbstract":"<p><span>The bull trout&nbsp;</span><i>Salvelinus confluentus</i><span>, a stream-living salmonid distributed in drainages of the northwestern United States, is listed as threatened under the Endangered Species Act because of rangewide declines. One proposed recovery action is the reconnection of tributaries in the Lemhi Basin. Past water use policies in this core area disconnected headwater spawning sites from downstream habitat and have led to the loss of migratory life history forms. We developed an adaptive management framework to analyze which types of streams should be prioritized for reconnection under a proposed Habitat Conservation Plan. We developed a Stochastic Dynamic Program that identified optimal policies over time under four different assumptions about the nature of the migratory behavior and the effects of brook trout&nbsp;</span><i>Salvelinus fontinalis</i><span>&nbsp;on subpopulations of bull trout. In general, given the current state of the system and the uncertainties about the dynamics, the optimal policy would be to connect streams that are currently occupied by bull trout. We also estimated the value of information as the difference between absolute certainty about which of our four assumptions were correct, and a model averaged optimization assuming no knowledge. Overall there is little to be gained by learning about the dynamics of the system in its current state, although in other parts of the state space reducing uncertainties about the system would be very valuable. We also conducted a sensitivity analysis; the optimal decision at the current state does not change even when parameter values are changed up to 75% of the baseline values. Overall, the exercise demonstrates that it is possible to apply adaptive management principles to threatened and endangered species, but logistical and data availability constraints make detailed analyses difficult.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","doi":"10.3996/022011-JFWM-012","usgsCitation":"Tyre, A.J., Peterson, J., Converse, S.J., Bogich, T., Miller, D., Post van der Burg, M., Thomas, C., Thompson, R.J., Wood, J., Brewer, D., and Runge, M.C., 2011, Adaptive management of bull trout populations in the Lemhi Basin: Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management, v. 2, no. 2, p. 262-281, https://doi.org/10.3996/022011-JFWM-012.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"262","endPage":"281","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-020782","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research 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0000-0002-3719-5441 sconverse@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3719-5441","contributorId":3513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Converse","given":"Sarah","email":"sconverse@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":567705,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bogich, Tiffany L.","contributorId":40891,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bogich","given":"Tiffany L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":567706,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Miller, Damien","contributorId":146390,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Miller","given":"Damien","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":567707,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Post van der Burg, Max 0000-0002-3943-4194 maxpostvanderburg@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3943-4194","contributorId":4947,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Post van der Burg","given":"Max","email":"maxpostvanderburg@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":567708,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Thomas, Carmen","contributorId":146391,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Thomas","given":"Carmen","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":567709,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Thompson, Ralph J.","contributorId":96837,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"Ralph","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":567710,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Wood, Jeri stefanie_stavrakas@fws.gov","contributorId":146392,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wood","given":"Jeri","email":"stefanie_stavrakas@fws.gov","affiliations":[{"id":6661,"text":"US Fish and Wildlife Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":567711,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Brewer, Donna","contributorId":146394,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brewer","given":"Donna","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6661,"text":"US Fish and Wildlife Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":567712,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Runge, Michael C. 0000-0002-8081-536X mrunge@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8081-536X","contributorId":3358,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Runge","given":"Michael","email":"mrunge@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research 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,{"id":70150346,"text":"70150346 - 2011 - The distributions of one invasive and two native crayfishes in relation to coarse-scale natural and anthropogenic factors","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-06-24T12:37:34","indexId":"70150346","displayToPublicDate":"2011-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1696,"text":"Freshwater Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The distributions of one invasive and two native crayfishes in relation to coarse-scale natural and anthropogenic factors","docAbstract":"<div class=\"para\">\n<p>1.&ensp;Native crayfishes are often extirpated from portions of their range because of interactions with invasive species, anthropogenic alterations to environmental conditions or a combination of these factors. Our goal was to identify coarse-scale natural and anthropogenic factors related to the current distributions of the invasive crayfish,&nbsp;<i>Orconectes hylas</i>, and two endemic crayfishes,&nbsp;<i>Orconectes peruncus</i>&nbsp;and<i>Orconectes quadruncus</i>&nbsp;in the St. Francis River drainage, Missouri, U.S.A. and to provide wider insights into the potential role of anthropogenic factors in facilitating species displacement.</p>\n</div>\n<div class=\"para\">\n<p>2.&ensp;We used classification trees to model coarse-scale natural and anthropogenic environmental factors and their relation to the presence or absence of each species. Model results were then used to predict probability of presence for each species within each stream segment throughout the entire St. Francis River drainage.</p>\n</div>\n<div class=\"para\">\n<p>3.&ensp;Factors related to geology and soils were the best predictors of species distributions. A dichotomy of these factors explained much of the discrete distributions of the two native species. Agricultural-related factors were identified as the most influential anthropogenic activity related to species distributions. All associations between the invasive species and anthropogenic factors were negative which suggested the invader was not likely to establish in heavily impacted areas. Overall, our models had high correct classification rates, and we were able to reliably predict the presence of the invader in the invaded drainage.</p>\n</div>\n<div class=\"para\">\n<p>4.&ensp;Given the negative associations of the invader with anthropogenic alterations at a coarse spatial scale, we believe other mechanisms are likely to be responsible for the widespread displacement of the two native species. These findings can be used to assist in conservation activities such as creation of refugia for native species and may direct future research to identify the mechanism(s) of species displacement.</p>\n</div>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2427.2011.02664.x","usgsCitation":"Westhoff, J.T., Rabeni, C., and Sowa, S., 2011, The distributions of one invasive and two native crayfishes in relation to coarse-scale natural and anthropogenic factors: Freshwater Biology, v. 56, no. 12, p. 2415-2431, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2427.2011.02664.x.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"2415","endPage":"2431","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-026466","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":302282,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Missouri","otherGeospatial":"Big River, Black River, Meramec River, St. Francis River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -90.8349609375,\n              36.53612263184686\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.087890625,\n              36.73888412439431\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.340576171875,\n              36.98500309285596\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.24169921875,\n              37.501010429493284\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.54931640625,\n              38.151837403006766\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.538330078125,\n              38.53957267203905\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.208740234375,\n              38.59970036588819\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.263671875,\n              38.736946065676\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.5712890625,\n              38.796908303484294\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.933837890625,\n              38.53957267203905\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.68090820312499,\n              38.16911413556086\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.032470703125,\n              37.96152331396616\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.032470703125,\n              37.71859032558816\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.593017578125,\n              37.579412513438385\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.62597656249999,\n              37.142803443716836\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.219482421875,\n              36.8092847020594\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.8349609375,\n              36.53612263184686\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"56","issue":"12","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-08-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"558bd4c2e4b0b6d21dd6532b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Westhoff, Jacob T.","contributorId":58106,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Westhoff","given":"Jacob","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":556721,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rabeni, C.F.","contributorId":67823,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rabeni","given":"C.F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":556797,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sowa, S.P.","contributorId":43142,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sowa","given":"S.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":556798,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70193394,"text":"70193394 - 2011 - Envisioning the future of wildlife in a changing climate: Collaborative learning for adaptation planning","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-14T15:10:34","indexId":"70193394","displayToPublicDate":"2011-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3779,"text":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","onlineIssn":"1938-5463","printIssn":"0091-7648","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Envisioning the future of wildlife in a changing climate: Collaborative learning for adaptation planning","docAbstract":"<p><span>Natural resource managers are tasked with assessing the impacts of climate change on conservation targets and developing adaptation strategies to meet agency goals. The complex, transboundary nature of climate change demands the collaboration of scientists, managers, and stakeholders in this effort. To share, integrate, and apply knowledge from these diverse perspectives, we must engage in social learning. In 2009, we initiated a process to engage university researchers and agency scientists and managers in collaborative learning to assess the impacts of climate change on terrestrial fauna in the state of Wisconsin, USA. We constructed conceptual Bayesian networks to depict the influence of climate change, key biotic and abiotic factors, and existing stressors on the distribution and abundance of 3 species: greater prairie-chicken (</span><i>Tympanuchus cupido</i><span>), wood frog (</span><i>Lithobates sylvaticus</i><span>), and Karner blue butterfly (</span><i>Plebejus melissa samuelis</i><span>). For each species, we completed a 2-stage expert review that elicited dialogue on information gaps, management opportunities, and research priorities. From our experience, collaborative network modeling proved to be a powerful tool to develop a common vision of the potential impacts of climate change on conservation targets.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/wsb.62","usgsCitation":"LeDee, O., Karasov, W.H., Martin, K.J., Meyer, M., Ribic, C., and Van Deelen, T.R., 2011, Envisioning the future of wildlife in a changing climate: Collaborative learning for adaptation planning: Wildlife Society Bulletin, v. 35, no. 4, p. 508-513, https://doi.org/10.1002/wsb.62.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"508","endPage":"513","ipdsId":"IP-025330","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":500005,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doaj.org/article/68cac26a73a04e5c9bb31d3aa97fd0c4","text":"External Repository"},{"id":348853,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"35","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-09-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a6107bbe4b06e28e9c255ef","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"LeDee, Olivia E. 0000-0002-7791-5829","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7791-5829","contributorId":199985,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LeDee","given":"Olivia E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":722081,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Karasov, W. H.","contributorId":25889,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Karasov","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":722082,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Martin, Karl J.","contributorId":200366,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Martin","given":"Karl","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":722083,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Meyer, Michael W.","contributorId":38943,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyer","given":"Michael W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":722084,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ribic, Christine 0000-0003-2583-1778 caribic@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2583-1778","contributorId":147952,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ribic","given":"Christine","email":"caribic@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5068,"text":"Midwest Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":718888,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Van Deelen, Timothy R.","contributorId":145413,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Van Deelen","given":"Timothy","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":7122,"text":"University of Wisconsin","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":722085,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70193241,"text":"70193241 - 2011 - Vulnerability of high-latitude soil organic carbon in North America to disturbance","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-31T16:36:14","indexId":"70193241","displayToPublicDate":"2011-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2319,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research G: Biogeosciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Vulnerability of high-latitude soil organic carbon in North America to disturbance","docAbstract":"<p><span>This synthesis addresses the vulnerability of the North American high-latitude soil organic carbon (SOC) pool to climate change. Disturbances caused by climate warming in arctic, subarctic, and boreal environments can result in significant redistribution of C among major reservoirs with potential global impacts. We divide the current northern high-latitude SOC pools into (1) near-surface soils where SOC is affected by seasonal freeze-thaw processes and changes in moisture status, and (2) deeper permafrost and peatland strata down to several tens of meters depth where SOC is usually not affected by short-term changes. We address key factors (permafrost, vegetation, hydrology, paleoenvironmental history) and processes (C input, storage, decomposition, and output) responsible for the formation of the large high-latitude SOC pool in North America and highlight how climate-related disturbances could alter this pool's character and size. Press disturbances of relatively slow but persistent nature such as top-down thawing of permafrost, and changes in hydrology, microbiological communities, pedological processes, and vegetation types, as well as pulse disturbances of relatively rapid and local nature such as wildfires and thermokarst, could substantially impact SOC stocks. Ongoing climate warming in the North American high-latitude region could result in crossing environmental thresholds, thereby accelerating press disturbances and increasingly triggering pulse disturbances and eventually affecting the C source/sink net character of northern high-latitude soils. Finally, we assess postdisturbance feedbacks, models, and predictions for the northern high-latitude SOC pool, and discuss data and research gaps to be addressed by future research.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"AGU","doi":"10.1029/2010JG001507","usgsCitation":"Grosse, G., Harden, J.W., Turetsky, M., McGuire, A., Camill, P., Tarnocai, C., Frolking, S., Schuur, E.A., Jorgenson, T., Marchenko, S., Romanovsky, V., Wickland, K.P., French, N., Waldrop, M.P., Bourgeau-Chavez, L., and Striegl, R.G., 2011, Vulnerability of high-latitude soil organic carbon in North America to disturbance: Journal of Geophysical Research G: Biogeosciences, v. 116, no. G4, p. 1-23, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JG001507.","productDescription":"G00K06; 23 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"23","ipdsId":"IP-027456","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474880,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2010jg001507","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":347940,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -169.62890625,\n              44.213709909702054\n            ],\n            [\n              -50.9765625,\n              44.213709909702054\n            ],\n            [\n              -50.9765625,\n              79.59234918793305\n            ],\n            [\n              -169.62890625,\n              79.59234918793305\n            ],\n            [\n              -169.62890625,\n              44.213709909702054\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"116","issue":"G4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-07-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59f98bc2e4b0531197afa080","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grosse, Guido","contributorId":101475,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grosse","given":"Guido","affiliations":[{"id":34291,"text":"University of Potsdam, Germany","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":718812,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harden, Jennifer W. 0000-0002-6570-8259 jharden@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6570-8259","contributorId":1971,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harden","given":"Jennifer","email":"jharden@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":718813,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Turetsky, Merritt","contributorId":62335,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Turetsky","given":"Merritt","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":718814,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McGuire, A. David","contributorId":18494,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGuire","given":"A. David","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":718815,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Camill, Philip","contributorId":176994,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Camill","given":"Philip","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":718816,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Tarnocai, Charles","contributorId":199154,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tarnocai","given":"Charles","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":718817,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Frolking, Steve","contributorId":7638,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frolking","given":"Steve","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":718818,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Schuur, Edward A.G.","contributorId":50026,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schuur","given":"Edward","email":"","middleInitial":"A.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":718819,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Jorgenson, Torre","contributorId":45380,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jorgenson","given":"Torre","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":718820,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Marchenko, Sergei","contributorId":199367,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Marchenko","given":"Sergei","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":718821,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Romanovsky, Vladimir","contributorId":175208,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Romanovsky","given":"Vladimir","affiliations":[{"id":6695,"text":"UAF","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":718822,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Wickland, Kimberly P. 0000-0002-6400-0590 kpwick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6400-0590","contributorId":1835,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wickland","given":"Kimberly","email":"kpwick@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36183,"text":"Hydro-Ecological Interactions Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":718823,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"French, Nancy","contributorId":199368,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"French","given":"Nancy","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":718824,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Waldrop, Mark P. 0000-0003-1829-7140 mwaldrop@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1829-7140","contributorId":1599,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waldrop","given":"Mark","email":"mwaldrop@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":718825,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Bourgeau-Chavez, Laura L.","contributorId":15105,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bourgeau-Chavez","given":"Laura L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":718826,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Striegl, Robert G. 0000-0002-8251-4659 rstriegl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8251-4659","contributorId":1630,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Striegl","given":"Robert","email":"rstriegl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36183,"text":"Hydro-Ecological Interactions Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":718827,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16}]}}
,{"id":70041282,"text":"70041282 - 2011 - An empirical method to forecast the effect of storm intensity on shallow landslide abundance","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-26T15:36:18.959576","indexId":"70041282","displayToPublicDate":"2011-11-30T09:44:33","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2122,"text":"Italian Journal of Engineering Geology and Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An empirical method to forecast the effect of storm intensity on shallow landslide abundance","docAbstract":"<p><span>We hypothesize that the number of shallow landslides a storm triggers in a landscape increases with rainfall intensity, duration and the number of unstable model cells for a given shallow landslide susceptibility model of that landscape. For selected areas in California, USA, we use digital maps of historic shallow landslides with adjacent rainfall records to construct a relation between rainfall intensity and the fraction of unstable model cells that actually failed in historic storms. We find that this fraction increases as a power law with the 6-hour rainfall intensity for sites in southern California. We use this relation to forecast shallow landslide abundance for a dynamic numerical simulation storm for California, representing the most extreme historic storms known to have impacted the state.</span></p>","conferenceTitle":"5th International Conference on Debris-Flow Hazards Mitigation: Mechanics, Prediction and Assessment","conferenceDate":"June 14-17, 2011","conferenceLocation":"Padua, Italy","language":"English","publisher":"Sapienza Università di Roma","doi":"10.4408/IJEGE.2011-03.B-110","usgsCitation":"Stock, J.D., and Bellugi, D., 2011, An empirical method to forecast the effect of storm intensity on shallow landslide abundance: Italian Journal of Engineering Geology and Environment, p. 1013-1022, https://doi.org/10.4408/IJEGE.2011-03.B-110.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"1013","endPage":"1022","ipdsId":"IP-031046","costCenters":[{"id":309,"text":"Geology and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":405682,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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,{"id":70189371,"text":"70189371 - 2011 - Programming PHREEQC calculations with C++ and Python a comparative study","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-03T09:43:21","indexId":"70189371","displayToPublicDate":"2011-11-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Programming PHREEQC calculations with C++ and Python a comparative study","docAbstract":"<p>The new IPhreeqc module provides an application programming interface (API) to facilitate coupling of other codes with the U.S. Geological Survey geochemical model PHREEQC. Traditionally, loose coupling of PHREEQC with other applications required methods to create PHREEQC input files, start external PHREEQC processes, and process PHREEQC output files. IPhreeqc eliminates most of this effort by providing direct access to PHREEQC capabilities through a component object model (COM), a library, or a dynamically linked library (DLL). Input and calculations can be specified through internally programmed strings, and all data exchange between an application and the module can occur in computer memory.</p><p> This study compares simulations programmed in C++ and Python that are tightly coupled with IPhreeqc modules to the traditional simulations that are loosely coupled to PHREEQC. The study compares performance, quantifies effort, and evaluates lines of code and the complexity of the design. The comparisons show that IPhreeqc offers a more powerful and simpler approach for incorporating PHREEQC calculations into transport models and other applications that need to perform PHREEQC calculations. The IPhreeqc module facilitates the design of coupled applications and significantly reduces run times. Even a moderate knowledge of one of the supported programming languages allows more efficient use of PHREEQC than the traditional loosely coupled approach.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings for MODFLOW and More 2011: Integrated Hydrologic Modeling ","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"MODFLOW and More 2011: Integrated Hydrologic Modeling ","conferenceDate":"June 5-8, 2011","conferenceLocation":"Golden, Colorado","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Charlton, S.R., Parkhurst, D.L., and Muller, M., 2011, Programming PHREEQC calculations with C++ and Python a comparative study, <i>in</i> Proceedings for MODFLOW and More 2011: Integrated Hydrologic Modeling , Golden, Colorado, June 5-8, 2011, p. 632-636.","productDescription":"5 p. ","startPage":"632","endPage":"636","ipdsId":"IP-029725","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":343653,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":343618,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/nrp/proj.bib/Publications/2011/muller_parkhurst_etal_2011.pdf"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59673544e4b0d1f9f05dd7e5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Charlton, Scott R. 0000-0001-7332-3394 charlton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7332-3394","contributorId":1632,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Charlton","given":"Scott","email":"charlton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":704408,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Parkhurst, David L. 0000-0003-3348-1544 dlpark@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3348-1544","contributorId":1088,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parkhurst","given":"David","email":"dlpark@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":704409,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Muller, Mike","contributorId":194513,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Muller","given":"Mike","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":704410,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70006112,"text":"pp1785 - 2011 - Groundwater availability of the Mississippi embayment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-03T00:10:05","indexId":"pp1785","displayToPublicDate":"2011-11-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1785","title":"Groundwater availability of the Mississippi embayment","docAbstract":"Groundwater is an important resource for agricultural and municipal uses in the Mississippi embayment. Arkansas ranks first in the Nation for rice and third for cotton production, with both crops dependent on groundwater as a major source of irrigation requirements. Multiple municipalities rely on the groundwater resources to provide water for industrial and public use, which includes the city of Memphis, Tennessee. The demand for the groundwater resource has resulted in groundwater availability issues in the Mississippi embayment including: (1) declining groundwater levels of 50 feet or more in the Mississippi River Valley alluvial aquifer in parts of eastern Arkansas from agricultural pumping, (2) declining groundwater levels of over 360 feet over the last 90 years in the confined middle Claiborne aquifer in southern Arkansas and northern Louisiana from municipal pumping, and (3) litigation between the State of Mississippi and a Memphis water utility over water rights in the middle Claiborne aquifer. To provide information to stakeholders addressing the groundwater-availability issues, the U.S. Geological Survey Groundwater Resources Program supported a detailed assessment of groundwater availability through the Mississippi Embayment Regional Aquifer Study (MERAS). This assessment included (1) an evaluation of how these resources have changed over time through the use of groundwater budgets, (2) development of a numerical modeling tool to assess system responses to stresses from future human uses and climate trends, and (3) application of statistical tools to evaluate the importance of individual observations within a groundwater-monitoring network. An estimated 12 million acre-feet per year (11 billion gallons per day) of groundwater was pumped in 2005 from aquifers in the Mississippi embayment. Irrigation constitutes the largest groundwater use, accounting for approximately 10 million acre-feet per year (9 billion gallons per day) in 2000 from the Mississippi River Valley alluvial aquifer in Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, and Missouri, and to a lesser extent in Illinois, Kentucky, and Tennessee. Predevelopment groundwater flow is represented in the MERAS model as a steady-state stress period, assumed to be prior to 1870. The simulated groundwater-flow budget indicates the largest predevelopment inflow to the system is net recharge to the alluvial aquifer. This inflow is balanced by outflow to gaining streams. Overall, water enters as net recharge to the alluvial aquifer or through outcrop areas of the various hydrogeologic units. Away from the outcrop areas, groundwater flow in the deeper formations is primarily upward into overlying units, ultimately discharging to streams through the alluvial aquifer. Total net recharge and discharge (sum of inflows or outflows) for the model ranged from about 0.66 million acre-feet per year during predevelopment to 20.16 million acre-feet per year by the end of the simulation (final simulated irrigation period in summer of 2006). This change in the model budget reflects increases in withdrawals compared to predevelopment conditions. Cumulative storage within aquifers simulated in the MERAS model indicates overall depletion of 140 million acre-feet (equivalent to 2.8 feet of water covering the entire study area). Postdevelopment inflow to the system is still through net recharge to the alluvial aquifer and the outcrop areas of the several hydrogeologic units, however, the flow between each unit is no longer upward to the alluvial aquifer. Groundwater flow during the summer of 2006 was primarily downward to offset demand from pumping. Early in the model simulation (1870-1920s), the primary components of the water budget were simulated as outflow from stream leakage and inflow from net recharge. As pumpage increased through time, water that would otherwise flow to streams reversed, and net stream leakage became an inflow to the system. The largest reversals began in the mid-1980s, but indications of the reversal began in the early 1960s with a trend in loss of streamflow leakage coupled with the first consistent inflow from storage. While groundwater pumped out of the alluvial aquifer was derived primarily from storage, pumpage out of the middle Claiborne aquifer was derived primarily from other aquifers (up to 15 percent from the alluvial aquifer), followed by flow from storage and net recharge. The potential consequences of climate change have been identified as a major concern facing the sustainability of the Nation's groundwater resources. To address this concern, two climate simulations were developed through the use of the MERAS model by extending the simulation period by 30 years to the year 2038 using extrapolated precipitation based on frequency analysis of historic climate cycles. There is little difference between the dry and wet scenarios in terms of percent water-level change. Both scenarios resulted in 14.6 to 13.9 percent of the area containing more than 100 feet of decline, 14.5 to 13.8 percent containing between 75 and 100 feet of decline, and 15.8 to 15.7 percent containing 51 to 75 feet of decline in the alluvial aquifer. The middle Claiborne aquifer water-level changes also were similar between the two scenarios. These scenarios indicate that even with a 25-percent increase in precipitation from that of the dry scenario, there is little difference in the resultant water levels. This is in large part because of the magnitude of differences between changes in net recharge and changes in pumping. When compared to the volume of water pumped out of the system, the effect of this change in net recharge is negligible. The groundwater-level monitoring network used to construct the 2007 middle Claiborne aquifer potentiometric surface was used as an example case to demonstrate statistical technique and to evaluate the importance of individual groundwater-level observations. To calculate the importance of each water-level observation to a prediction, predictions were specified as water-level altitudes near the end of the dry scenario simulation. These predictions were located near the center of cones of depression. Many of the observations that have a high importance are in close proximity to stressed areas of the aquifer.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/pp1785","collaboration":"Groundwater Resources Program","usgsCitation":"Clark, B.R., Hart, R.M., and Gurdak, J., 2011, Groundwater availability of the Mississippi embayment: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1785, viii, 48 p.; Appendices; Figures; Tables, https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1785.","productDescription":"viii, 48 p.; Appendices; Figures; Tables","numberOfPages":"62","costCenters":[{"id":129,"text":"Arkansas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116671,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/pp_1785.jpg"},{"id":110966,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1785/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Mississippi","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4776e4b07f02db47e3b1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clark, Brian R. 0000-0001-6611-3807 brclark@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6611-3807","contributorId":1502,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"Brian","email":"brclark@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":38131,"text":"WMA - Office of Planning and Programming","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353864,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hart, Rheannon M. 0000-0003-4657-5945 rmhart@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4657-5945","contributorId":5516,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hart","given":"Rheannon","email":"rmhart@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":129,"text":"Arkansas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353865,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gurdak, Jason J.","contributorId":65125,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gurdak","given":"Jason J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353866,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70006070,"text":"70006070 - 2011 - Reinterpreting the importance of oxygen-based biodegradation in chloroethene-contaminated groundwater","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-28T08:20:19","indexId":"70006070","displayToPublicDate":"2011-11-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1864,"text":"Ground Water Monitoring and Remediation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Reinterpreting the importance of oxygen-based biodegradation in chloroethene-contaminated groundwater","docAbstract":"Chlororespiration is common in shallow aquifer systems under conditions nominally identified as anoxic. Consequently, chlororespiration is a key component of remediation at many chloroethene-contaminated sites. In some instances, limited accumulation of reductive dechlorination daughter products is interpreted as evidence that natural attenuation is not adequate for site remediation. This conclusion is justified when evidence for parent compound (tetrachloroethene, PCE, or trichloroethene, TCE) degradation is lacking. For many chloroethene-contaminated shallow aquifer systems, however, nonconservative losses of the parent compounds are clear but the mass balance between parent compound attenuation and accumulation of reductive dechlorination daughter products is incomplete. Incomplete mass balance indicates a failure to account for important contaminant attenuation mechanisms and is consistent with contaminant degradation to nondiagnostic mineralization products like CO<sub>2</sub>. While anoxic mineralization of chloroethene compounds has been proposed previously, recent results suggest that oxygen-based mineralization of chloroethenes also can be significant at dissolved oxygen concentrations below the currently accepted field standard for nominally anoxic conditions. Thus, reassessment of the role and potential importance of low concentrations of oxygen in chloroethene biodegradation are needed, because mischaracterization of operant biodegradation processes can lead to expensive and ineffective remedial actions. A modified interpretive framework is provided for assessing the potential for chloroethene biodegradation under different redox conditions and the probable role of oxygen in chloroethene biodegradation.","language":"English","publisher":"National Ground Water Association","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6592.2011.01344.x","usgsCitation":"Bradley, P.M., 2011, Reinterpreting the importance of oxygen-based biodegradation in chloroethene-contaminated groundwater: Ground Water Monitoring and Remediation, v. 31, no. 4, p. 50-55, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6592.2011.01344.x.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"50","endPage":"55","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":204423,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"31","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-05-12","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a60e4b07f02db634dc2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bradley, Paul M. 0000-0001-7522-8606 pbradley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7522-8606","contributorId":361,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradley","given":"Paul","email":"pbradley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353761,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70006120,"text":"sir20115183 - 2011 - Selected approaches to estimate water-budget components of the High Plains, 1940 through 1949 and 2000 through 2009","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:42","indexId":"sir20115183","displayToPublicDate":"2011-11-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-5183","title":"Selected approaches to estimate water-budget components of the High Plains, 1940 through 1949 and 2000 through 2009","docAbstract":"The High Plains aquifer, underlying almost 112 million acres in the central United States, is one of the largest aquifers in the Nation. It is the primary water supply for drinking water, irrigation, animal production, and industry in the region. Expansion of irrigated agriculture throughout the past 60 years has helped make the High Plains one of the most productive agricultural regions in the Nation. Extensive withdrawals of groundwater for irrigation have caused water-level declines in many parts of the aquifer and increased concerns about the long-term sustainability of the aquifer.  Quantification of water-budget components is a prerequisite for effective water-resources management. Components analyzed as part of this study were precipitation, evapotranspiration, recharge, surface runoff, groundwater discharge to streams, groundwater fluxes to and from adjacent geologic units, irrigation, and groundwater in storage. These components were assessed for 1940 through 1949 (representing conditions prior to substantial groundwater development and referred to as \"pregroundwater development\" throughout this report) and 2000 through 2009. Because no single method can perfectly quantify the magnitude of any part of a water budget at a regional scale, results from several methods and previously published work were compiled and compared for this study when feasible. Results varied among the several methods applied, as indicated by the range of average annual volumes given for each component listed in the following paragraphs.  Precipitation was derived from three sources: the Parameter-Elevation Regressions on Independent Slopes Model, data developed using Next Generation Weather Radar and measured precipitation from weather stations by the Office of Hydrologic Development at the National Weather Service for the Sacramento-Soil Moisture Accounting model, and precipitation measured at weather stations and spatially distributed using an inverse-distance-weighted interpolation method. Precipitation estimates using these sources, as a 10-year average annual total volume for the High Plains, ranged from 192 to 199 million acre-feet (acre-ft) for 1940 through 1949 and from 185 to 199 million acre-ft for 2000 through 2009.  Evapotranspiration was obtained from three sources: the National Weather Service Sacramento-Soil Moisture Accounting model, the Simplified-Surface-Energy-Balance model using remotely sensed data, and the Soil-Water-Balance model. Average annual total evapotranspiration estimated using these sources was 148 million acre-ft for 1940 through 1949 and ranged from 154 to 193 million acre-ft for 2000 through 2009. The maximum amount of shallow groundwater lost to evapotranspiration was approximated for areas where the water table was within 5 feet of land surface. The average annual total volume of evapotranspiration from shallow groundwater was 9.0 million acre-ft for 1940 through 1949 and ranged from 9.6 to 12.6 million acre-ft for 2000 through 2009.  Recharge was estimated using two soil-water-balance models as well as previously published studies for various locations across the High Plains region. Average annual total recharge ranged from 8.3 to 13.2 million acre-ft for 1940 through 1949 and from 15.9 to 35.0 million acre-ft for 2000 through 2009.  Surface runoff and groundwater discharge to streams were determined using discharge records from streamflow-gaging stations near the edges of the High Plains and the Base-Flow Index program. For 1940 through 1949, the average annual net surface runoff leaving the High Plains was 1.9 million acre-ft, and the net loss from the High Plains aquifer by groundwater discharge to streams was 3.1 million acre-ft. For 2000 through 2009, the average annual net surface runoff leaving the High Plains region was 1.3 million acre-ft and the net loss by groundwater discharge to streams was 3.9 million acre-ft.  For 2000 through 2009, the average annual total estimated groundwater pumpage volume from two soil-water-balance models ranged from 8.7 to 16.2 million acre-ft. Average annual irrigation application rates for the High Plains ranged from 8.4 to 16.2 inches per year. The USGS Water-Use Program published estimated total annual pumpage from the High Plains aquifer for 2000 and 2005. Those volumes were greater than those estimated from the two soil-water-balance models.  Total groundwater in storage in the High Plains aquifer was estimated as 3,173 million acre-ft prior to groundwater development and 2,907 million acre-ft in 2007. The average annual decrease of groundwater in storage between 2000 and 2007 was 10 million acre-ft per year.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20115183","usgsCitation":"Stanton, J.S., Qi, S.L., Ryter, D.W., Falk, S.E., Houston, N.A., Peterson, S.M., Westenbroek, S.M., and Christenson, S.C., 2011, Selected approaches to estimate water-budget components of the High Plains, 1940 through 1949 and 2000 through 2009: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5183, viii, 68 p.; Appendices, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20115183.","productDescription":"viii, 68 p.; Appendices","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"1940-01-01","temporalEnd":"2009-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":464,"text":"Nebraska Water Science 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Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353879,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ryter, Derek W. 0000-0002-2488-626X dryter@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2488-626X","contributorId":3395,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ryter","given":"Derek","email":"dryter@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":516,"text":"Oklahoma Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353882,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Falk, Sarah E. sefalk@usgs.gov","contributorId":1056,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Falk","given":"Sarah","email":"sefalk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":353878,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Houston, Natalie A. 0000-0002-6071-4545 nhouston@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6071-4545","contributorId":1682,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Houston","given":"Natalie","email":"nhouston@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353880,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Peterson, Steven M. 0000-0002-9130-1284 speterson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9130-1284","contributorId":847,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterson","given":"Steven","email":"speterson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":464,"text":"Nebraska Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353876,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Westenbroek, Stephen M. 0000-0002-6284-8643 smwesten@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6284-8643","contributorId":2210,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Westenbroek","given":"Stephen","email":"smwesten@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353881,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Christenson, Scott C. schris@usgs.gov","contributorId":980,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christenson","given":"Scott","email":"schris@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":516,"text":"Oklahoma Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353877,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70006115,"text":"sir20115215 - 2011 - Simulation of the effects of groundwater withdrawals on water-level altitudes in the Sparta aquifer in the Bayou Meto-Grand Prairie area of eastern Arkansas, 2007-37","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-03T00:10:05","indexId":"sir20115215","displayToPublicDate":"2011-11-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-5215","title":"Simulation of the effects of groundwater withdrawals on water-level altitudes in the Sparta aquifer in the Bayou Meto-Grand Prairie area of eastern Arkansas, 2007-37","docAbstract":"A groundwater-flow model of the Mississippi embayment was used to evaluate changes in water-level altitudes before (scenario 1) and after (scenario 2) the addition of wells that simulate potential future pumping from the Sparta aquifer in the Bayou Meto-Grand Prairie area of eastern Arkansas for the 30-year period from 2007 through 2037. Water-level altitudes at six model cell locations from the two different scenarios were compared for the period 2007 through 2037. Potential future pumping wells were added to the Mississippi Embayment Regional Aquifer Study model at a rate of 13 wells per year within areas of potential future pumping. Change maps for the Bayou Meto-Grand Prairie area were constructed for each scenario and water-level hydrographs were constructed for each scenario for each of the six model cell locations. The additional pumping from wells in the Sparta aquifer created greater water-level declines in the Bayou Meto-Grand Prairie area. In scenario 1, simulated water-level altitude declines range from 20 to 40 feet from 2007 through 2037. In scenario 2, the cone of depression in Lonoke County is the deepest, with a maximum water-level decline of approximately 102 feet. Water-level altitude declines range from 40 to 50 feet over most of the remainder of the Bayou Meto-Grand Prairie area in scenario 2. Simulated water-level altitudes across the Bayou Meto-Grand Prairie area and at all six model cell locations indicate substantial declines when additional wells pumping from the Sparta aquifer are introduced into the model from 2007 through 2037.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20115215","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Arkansas Natural Resources Commission","usgsCitation":"Clark, B.R., Westerman, D.A., and Fugitt, D.T., 2011, Simulation of the effects of groundwater withdrawals on water-level altitudes in the Sparta aquifer in the Bayou Meto-Grand Prairie area of eastern Arkansas, 2007-37: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5215, iv, 9 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20115215.","productDescription":"iv, 9 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":129,"text":"Arkansas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116675,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2011_5215.jpg"},{"id":110965,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5215/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Arkansas","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f5e4b07f02db5f0f21","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clark, Brian R. 0000-0001-6611-3807 brclark@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6611-3807","contributorId":1502,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"Brian","email":"brclark@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":38131,"text":"WMA - Office of Planning and Programming","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353869,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Westerman, Drew A. 0000-0002-8522-776X dawester@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8522-776X","contributorId":4526,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Westerman","given":"Drew","email":"dawester@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":129,"text":"Arkansas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353870,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fugitt, D. Todd","contributorId":7835,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fugitt","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"Todd","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353871,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70006113,"text":"fs20113115 - 2011 - A new tool to assess groundwater resources in the Mississippi embayment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-03T00:10:05","indexId":"fs20113115","displayToPublicDate":"2011-11-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-3115","title":"A new tool to assess groundwater resources in the Mississippi embayment","docAbstract":"What is the Mississippi Embayment? The Mississippi embayment study area encompasses approximately 78,000 square miles in eight States and includes large parts of Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, and Tennessee, and smaller areas of Alabama, Illinois, Kentucky, and Missouri (fig. 1). The Mississippi embayment is essentially a basin that slopes toward the Gulf of Mexico and is filled with sediments of alternating sand, silt, and clay layers. There are two principal aquifers in the embayment-the Mississippi River Valley alluvial aquifer (alluvial aquifer) and the middle Claiborne aquifer (fig. 1). The shallow alluvial aquifer is the primary source of groundwater for irrigation in the largely agricultural region, while the deeper middle Claiborne aquifer is a primary source of drinking water for many of the 5.2 million people living in the embayment. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) is conducting large-scale multidisciplinary regional studies of groundwater availability for the Nation. Studies comprise individual assessments of regional groundwater-flow systems that encompass varied terrains and document a comprehensive regional and national perspective of groundwater resources. Collectively, these studies are the foundation for the national assessment of groundwater availability and are conducted in cooperation with other Federal, State, local governments, and the private sector. Numerical groundwater-flow models are used in these studies to document effects of human activities and climate variability on groundwater levels, changes in aquifer storage, and flow between groundwater and surface-water bodies. As part of the Mississippi Embayment Regional Aquifer Study (MERAS), a numerical model was constructed of 13 layers over 78,000 square miles representing multiple aquifers and confining units for the period of 1870 to 2007. The model is a tool that was used to assess and better understand groundwater resources.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20113115","collaboration":"Groundwater Resources Program","usgsCitation":"Clark, B.R., and Freiwald, D.A., 2011, A new tool to assess groundwater resources in the Mississippi embayment: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2011-3115, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20113115.","productDescription":"4 p.","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[{"id":129,"text":"Arkansas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116670,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2011_3115.jpg"},{"id":110967,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2011/3115/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Mississippi","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e4b9e4b0c8380cd4689a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clark, Brian R. 0000-0001-6611-3807 brclark@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6611-3807","contributorId":1502,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"Brian","email":"brclark@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":38131,"text":"WMA - Office of Planning and Programming","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353868,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Freiwald, David A. freiwald@usgs.gov","contributorId":226,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Freiwald","given":"David","email":"freiwald@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":353867,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70006068,"text":"pp1737B - 2011 - Hydrogeologic settings and groundwater-flow simulations for regional investigations of the transport of anthropogenic and natural contaminants to public-supply wells&mdash;Investigations begun in 2004","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-11T09:13:34","indexId":"pp1737B","displayToPublicDate":"2011-11-29T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1737","chapter":"B","title":"Hydrogeologic settings and groundwater-flow simulations for regional investigations of the transport of anthropogenic and natural contaminants to public-supply wells&mdash;Investigations begun in 2004","docAbstract":"<p>A study of the Transport of Anthropogenic and Natural Contaminants to public-supply wells (TANC study) was begun in 2001 as part of the U.S. Geological Survey National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program. The study was designed to shed light on factors that affect the vulnerability of groundwater and, more specifically, water from public-supply wells to contamination to provide a context for the NAWQA Program's earlier finding of mixtures of contaminants at low concentrations in groundwater near the water table in urban areas across the Nation. The TANC study has included investigations at both the regional (tens to thousands of square kilometers) and local (generally less than 25 square kilometers) scales. At the regional scale, the approach to investigation involves refining conceptual models of groundwater flow in hydrologically distinct settings and then constructing or updating a groundwater-flow model with particle tracking for each setting to help quantify regional water budgets, public-supply well contributing areas (areas contributing recharge to wells and zones of contribution for wells), and traveltimes from recharge areas to selected wells. A great deal of information about each contributing area is captured from the model output, including values for 170 variables that describe physical and (or) geochemical characteristics of the contributing areas. The information is subsequently stored in a relational database. Retrospective water-quality data from monitoring, domestic, and many of the public-supply wells, as well as data from newly collected samples at selected public-supply wells, also are stored in the database and are used with the model output to help discern the more important factors affecting vulnerability in many, if not most, settings. The study began with investigations in seven regional areas, and it benefits from being conducted as part of the NAWQA Program, in which consistent methods are used so that meaningful comparisons can be made. The hydrogeologic settings and regional-scale groundwater-flow models from the initial seven regional areas are documented in Chapter A of this U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper. Also documented in Chapter A are the methods used to collect and compile the water-quality data, determine contributing areas of the public-supply wells, and characterize the oxidation-reduction (redox) conditions in each setting. A data dictionary for the database that was designed to enable joint storage and access to water-quality data and groundwater-flow model particle-tracking output is included as Appendix 1 of Chapter A. This chapter, Chapter B, documents modifications to the study methods and presents descriptions of two regional areas that were added to the TANC study in 2004.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/pp1737B","usgsCitation":"Eberts, S., 2011, Hydrogeologic settings and groundwater-flow simulations for regional investigations of the transport of anthropogenic and natural contaminants to public-supply wells&mdash;Investigations begun in 2004: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1737, vii; Section 1: iii, 6 p.; Section 2: vi, 61 p.; Section 3: v, 51p.; Appendix; PDF Downloads of Sections 1-3; PDF Download of Appendix, https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1737B.","productDescription":"vii; Section 1: iii, 6 p.; Section 2: vi, 61 p.; Section 3: v, 51p.; Appendix; PDF Downloads of Sections 1-3; PDF Download of Appendix","startPage":"i","endPage":"A-8","numberOfPages":"152","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2004-01-01","temporalEnd":"2011-11-29","costCenters":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116655,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/pp_1737_B.gif"},{"id":110932,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/2011/1737b/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":326385,"rank":101,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/2011/1737b/pdf/pp1737B-111711.pdf","size":"18 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4776e4b07f02db47e513","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eberts, Sandra M. smeberts@usgs.gov","contributorId":2264,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eberts","given":"Sandra M.","email":"smeberts@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":513,"text":"Ohio Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":353748,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70006074,"text":"ofr20101057 - 2011 - A data-input program (MFI2005) for the U.S. Geological Survey modular groundwater model (MODFLOW-2005) and parameter estimation program (UCODE_2005)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:16:02","indexId":"ofr20101057","displayToPublicDate":"2011-11-29T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-1057","title":"A data-input program (MFI2005) for the U.S. Geological Survey modular groundwater model (MODFLOW-2005) and parameter estimation program (UCODE_2005)","docAbstract":"The MFI2005 data-input (entry) program was developed for use with the U.S. Geological Survey modular three-dimensional finite-difference groundwater model, MODFLOW-2005. MFI2005 runs on personal computers and is designed to be easy to use; data are entered interactively through a series of display screens. MFI2005 supports parameter estimation using the UCODE_2005 program for parameter estimation. Data for MODPATH, a particle-tracking program for use with MODFLOW-2005, also can be entered using MFI2005. MFI2005 can be used in conjunction with other data-input programs so that the different parts of a model dataset can be entered by using the most suitable program.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20101057","usgsCitation":"Harbaugh, A.W., 2011, A data-input program (MFI2005) for the U.S. Geological Survey modular groundwater model (MODFLOW-2005) and parameter estimation program (UCODE_2005): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010-1057, vii, 12 p.; Appendix, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20101057.","productDescription":"vii, 12 p.; Appendix","startPage":"i","endPage":"35","numberOfPages":"42","costCenters":[{"id":494,"text":"Office of Groundwater","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116656,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2010_1057.jpg"},{"id":110934,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1057/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b25e4b07f02db6af297","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harbaugh, Arien W.","contributorId":28354,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harbaugh","given":"Arien","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353769,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70006066,"text":"ds601 - 2011 - A Bayesian network to predict vulnerability to sea-level rise: data report","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:12:01","indexId":"ds601","displayToPublicDate":"2011-11-29T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"601","title":"A Bayesian network to predict vulnerability to sea-level rise: data report","docAbstract":"During the 21st century, sea-level rise is projected to have a wide range of effects on coastal environments, development, and infrastructure. Consequently, there has been an increased focus on developing modeling or other analytical approaches to evaluate potential impacts to inform coastal management. This report provides the data that were used to develop and evaluate the performance of a Bayesian network designed to predict long-term shoreline change due to sea-level rise. The data include local rates of relative sea-level rise, wave height, tide range, geomorphic classification, coastal slope, and shoreline-change rate compiled as part of the U.S. Geological Survey Coastal Vulnerability Index for the U.S. Atlantic coast. In this project, the Bayesian network is used to define relationships among driving forces, geologic constraints, and coastal responses. Using this information, the Bayesian network is used to make probabilistic predictions of shoreline change in response to different future sea-level-rise scenarios.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds601","usgsCitation":"Gutierrez, B.T., Plant, N.G., and Thieler, E.R., 2011, A Bayesian network to predict vulnerability to sea-level rise: data report: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 601, 15 p.; Download of Data Files, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds601.","productDescription":"15 p.; Download of Data Files","startPage":"1","endPage":"15","numberOfPages":"15","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116657,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds_601.gif"},{"id":110931,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/601/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -82,24 ], [ -82,46 ], [ -66,46 ], [ -66,24 ], [ -82,24 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd494ce4b0b290850ef076","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gutierrez, Benjamin T.","contributorId":58670,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gutierrez","given":"Benjamin","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353747,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Plant, Nathaniel G. 0000-0002-5703-5672 nplant@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5703-5672","contributorId":3503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plant","given":"Nathaniel","email":"nplant@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":508,"text":"Office of the AD Hazards","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353746,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thieler, E. Robert 0000-0003-4311-9717 rthieler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4311-9717","contributorId":2488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thieler","given":"E.","email":"rthieler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Robert","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353745,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70006065,"text":"fs20113135 - 2011 - National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center project accomplishments: highlights","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-10T15:48:43.243653","indexId":"fs20113135","displayToPublicDate":"2011-11-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-3135","title":"National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center project accomplishments: highlights","docAbstract":"The National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center (NCCWSC) has invested more than $20M since 2008 to put cutting-edge climate science research in the hands of resource managers across the Nation. With NCCWSC support, more than 25 cooperative research initiatives led by U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) researchers and technical staff are advancing our understanding of habitats and species to provide guidance to managers in the face of a changing climate. Projects focus on quantifying and predicting interactions between climate, habitats, species, and other natural resources such as water. Spatial scales of the projects range from the continent of North America, to a regional scale such as the Pacific Northwest United States, to a landscape scale such as the Florida Everglades. Time scales range from the outset of the 20th century to the end of the 21st century. Projects often lead to workshops, presentations, publications and the creation of new websites, computer models, and data visualization tools. Partnership-building is also a key focus of the NCCWSC-supported projects. New and on-going cooperative partnerships have been forged and strengthened with resource managers and scientists at Federal, tribal, state, local, academic, and non-governmental organizations. USGS scientists work closely with resource managers to produce timely and relevant results that can assist managers and policy makers in current resource management decisions. This fact sheet highlights accomplishments of five NCCWSC projects.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20113135","usgsCitation":"Holl, S., 2011, National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center project accomplishments: highlights: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2011-3135, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20113135.","productDescription":"4 p.","numberOfPages":"4","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-030703","costCenters":[{"id":411,"text":"National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36940,"text":"National Climate Adaptation Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116789,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/FS_2011_3135.png"},{"id":110926,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2011/3135/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b02e4b07f02db6989e1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Holl, Sally","contributorId":107416,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holl","given":"Sally","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353744,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70003659,"text":"70003659 - 2011 - Mineralogy and composition of the oceanic mantle","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-17T15:11:44.620027","indexId":"70003659","displayToPublicDate":"2011-11-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2420,"text":"Journal of Petrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mineralogy and composition of the oceanic mantle","docAbstract":"<p><span>The mineralogy of the oceanic basalt source region is examined by testing whether a peridotite mineralogy can yield observed whole-rock and olivine compositions from (1) the Hawaiian Islands, our type example of a mantle plume, and (2) the Siqueiros Transform, which provides primitive samples of normal mid-ocean ridge basalt. New olivine compositional data from phase 2 of the Hawaii Scientific Drilling Project (HSDP2) show that higher Ni-in-olivine at the Hawaiian Islands is due to higher temperatures (</span><i>T</i><span>) of melt generation and processing (by&nbsp;</span><i>c</i><span>. 300°C) related to the Hawaiian mantle plume.&nbsp;</span><i>D</i><sub>Ni</sub><span>&nbsp;is low at high&nbsp;</span><i>T</i><span>, so parental Hawaiian basalts are enriched in NiO. When Hawaiian (picritic) parental magmas are transported to shallow depths, olivine precipitation occurs at lower temperatures, where&nbsp;</span><i>D</i><sub>Ni</sub><span>&nbsp;is high, leading to high Ni-in-olivine. Similarly, variations in Mn and Fe/Mn ratios in olivines are explained by contrasts in the temperatures of magma processing. Using the most mafic rocks to delimit Siqueiros and Hawaiian Co and Ni contents in parental magmas and mantle source compositions also shows that both suites can be derived from natural peridotites, but are inconsistent with partial melting of natural pyroxenites. Whole-rock compositions at Hawaii and Siqueiros are also matched by partial melting experiments conducted on peridotite bulk compositions. Hawaiian whole-rocks have elevated FeO contents compared with Siqueiros, which can be explained if Hawaiian parental magmas are generated from peridotite at 4–5 GPa, in contrast to pressures of slightly greater than 1 GPa for melt generation at Siqueiros; these pressures are consistent with olivine thermometry, as described in an earlier paper. SiO</span><sub>2</sub><span>-enriched Koolau compositions are reproduced if high-Fe Hawaiian parental magmas re-equilibrate at 1–1·5 GPa. Peridotite partial melts from experimental studies also reproduce the CaO and Al</span><sub>2</sub><span>O</span><sub>3</sub><span>&nbsp;contents of Hawaiian (and Siqueiros) whole-rocks. Hawaiian magmas have TiO</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;contents, however, that are enriched compared with melts from natural peridotites and magmas derived from the Siqueiros depleted mantle, and consequently may require an enriched source. TiO</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;is not the only element that is enriched relative to melts of natural peridotites. Moderately incompatible elements, such as Ti, Zr, Hf, Y, and Eu, and compatible elements, such as Yb and Lu, are all enriched at the Hawaiian Islands. Such enrichments can be explained by adding 5–10% mid-ocean ridge basalt (crust) to depleted mantle; when the major element composition of such a mixture is recast into mineral components, the result is a fertile peridotite mineralogy.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1093/petrology/egq080","usgsCitation":"Putirka, K., Ryerson, F.J., Perfit, M., and Ridley, W., 2011, Mineralogy and composition of the oceanic mantle: Journal of Petrology, v. 52, no. 2, p. 279-313, https://doi.org/10.1093/petrology/egq080.","productDescription":"35 p.","startPage":"279","endPage":"313","numberOfPages":"35","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474886,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/petrology/egq080","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":204342,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawai'i","otherGeospatial":"Siqueiros Transform","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -161.71874999999997,\n              2.986927393334876\n            ],\n            [\n              -150.732421875,\n              2.986927393334876\n            ],\n            [\n              -150.732421875,\n              25.16517336866393\n            ],\n            [\n              -161.71874999999997,\n              25.16517336866393\n            ],\n            [\n              -161.71874999999997,\n              2.986927393334876\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"52","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-01-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db699e50","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Putirka, Keith","contributorId":12950,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Putirka","given":"Keith","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348205,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ryerson, F. J.","contributorId":90028,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ryerson","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348208,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Perfit, Michael","contributorId":13736,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Perfit","given":"Michael","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348206,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ridley, W. Ian 0000-0001-6787-558X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6787-558X","contributorId":17269,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ridley","given":"W. Ian","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":348207,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70005558,"text":"70005558 - 2011 - Role of back diffusion and biodegradation reactions in sustaining an MTBE/TBA plume in alluvial media","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-11T11:25:36","indexId":"70005558","displayToPublicDate":"2011-11-25T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2233,"text":"Journal of Contaminant Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Role of back diffusion and biodegradation reactions in sustaining an MTBE/TBA plume in alluvial media","docAbstract":"A methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) / tert-butyl alcohol (TBA) plume originating from a gasoline spill in late 1994 at Vandenberg Air Force Base (VAFB) persisted for over 15 years within 200 feet of the original spill source. The plume persisted until 2010 despite excavation of the tanks and piping within months after the spill and excavations of additional contaminated sediments from the source area in 2007 and 2008. The probable history of MTBE concentrations along the plume centerline at its source was estimated using a wide variety of available information, including published details about the original spill, excavations and monitoring by VAFB consultants, and our own research data. Two-dimensional reactive transport simulations of MTBE along the plume centerline were conducted for a 20-year period following the spill. These analyses suggest that MTBE diffused from the thin anaerobic aquifer into the adjacent anaerobic silts and transformed to TBA in both aquifer and silt layers. The model reproduces the observation that after 2004 TBA was the dominant solute, diffusing back out of the silts into the aquifer and sustaining plume concentrations much longer than would have been the case in the absence of such diffusive exchange. Simulations also suggest that aerobic degradation of MTBE or TBA at the water table in the overlying silt layer significantly affected concentrations of MTBE and TBA by limiting the chemical mass available for back diffusion to the aquifer.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jconhyd.2011.08.006","usgsCitation":"Rasa, E., Chapman, S.W., Bekins, B.A., Fogg, G., Scow, K.M., and Mackay, D.M., 2011, Role of back diffusion and biodegradation reactions in sustaining an MTBE/TBA plume in alluvial media: Journal of Contaminant Hydrology, v. 126, no. 3-4, p. 235-247, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jconhyd.2011.08.006.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"235","endPage":"247","costCenters":[{"id":148,"text":"Branch of Regional Research-Western Region","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474889,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3267905","text":"External Repository"},{"id":204366,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Vandenberg Air Force Base","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -120.68206787109375,\n              34.6241677899049\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.40740966796875,\n              34.6241677899049\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.40740966796875,\n              34.77771580360469\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.68206787109375,\n              34.77771580360469\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.68206787109375,\n              34.6241677899049\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"126","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aafe4b07f02db66cca2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rasa, Ehsan","contributorId":20461,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rasa","given":"Ehsan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352798,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chapman, Steven W.","contributorId":35867,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chapman","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352800,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bekins, Barbara A. 0000-0002-1411-6018 babekins@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1411-6018","contributorId":1348,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bekins","given":"Barbara","email":"babekins@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36183,"text":"Hydro-Ecological Interactions Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":352797,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fogg, Graham E.","contributorId":68779,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fogg","given":"Graham E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352801,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Scow, Kate M.","contributorId":100519,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scow","given":"Kate","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352802,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Mackay, Douglas M.","contributorId":22081,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mackay","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352799,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70200866,"text":"70200866 - 2011 - Europa awakening","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-07T16:57:18","indexId":"70200866","displayToPublicDate":"2011-11-24T16:56:55","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2840,"text":"Nature","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Europa awakening","docAbstract":"<p><span>Brines percolating in the icy crust of Jupiter's moon Europa may be responsible for the satellite's enigmatic chaotic terrains. A new model predicts that one such terrain is currently forming over shallow subsurface water.</span></p>","language":"English","doi":"10.1038/nature10701","usgsCitation":"Keszthelyi, L., 2011, Europa awakening: Nature, v. 479, no. 485, 1 p., https://doi.org/10.1038/nature10701.","productDescription":"1 p.","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474890,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/nature10701","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":359288,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"479","issue":"485","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-11-16","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5be40824e4b0b3fc5cf7cc0e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Keszthelyi, Laszlo P. 0000-0003-1879-4331 laz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1879-4331","contributorId":52802,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keszthelyi","given":"Laszlo P.","email":"laz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":750988,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70004384,"text":"70004384 - 2011 - Measurement and modeling of unsaturated hydraulic conductivity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-16T17:44:46.61134","indexId":"70004384","displayToPublicDate":"2011-11-23T05:15:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"21","title":"Measurement and modeling of unsaturated hydraulic conductivity","docAbstract":"<p>The unsaturated zone plays an extremely important hydrologic role that influences water quality and quantity, ecosystem function and health, the connection between atmospheric and terrestrial processes, nutrient cycling, soil development, and natural hazards such as flooding and landslides. Unsaturated hydraulic conductivity is one of the main properties considered to govern flow; however it is very difficult to measure accurately. Knowledge of the highly nonlinear relationship between unsaturated hydraulic conductivity (K) and volumetric water content () is required for widely-used models of water flow and solute transport processes in the unsaturated zone. Measurement of unsaturated hydraulic conductivity of sediments is costly and time consuming, therefore use of models that estimate this property from more easily measured bulk-physical properties is common. In hydrologic studies, calculations based on property-transfer models informed by hydraulic property databases are often used in lieu of measured data from the site of interest. Reliance on database-informed predicted values with the use of neural networks has become increasingly common. Hydraulic properties predicted using databases may be adequate in some applications, but not others.</p>\n<p>This chapter will discuss, by way of examples, various techniques used to measure and model hydraulic conductivity as a function of water content, K(). The parameters that describe the K() curve obtained by different methods are used directly in Richards&rsquo; equation-based numerical models, which have some degree of sensitivity to those parameters. This chapter will explore the complications of using laboratory measured or estimated properties for field scale investigations to shed light on how adequately the processes are represented. Additionally, some more recent concepts for representing unsaturated-zone flow processes will be discussed.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydraulic conductivity - Issues, determination and applications","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"InTech","doi":"10.5772/20017","usgsCitation":"Perkins, K., 2011, Measurement and modeling of unsaturated hydraulic conductivity, chap. 21 <i>of</i> Hydraulic conductivity - Issues, determination and applications, p. 419-434, https://doi.org/10.5772/20017.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"419","endPage":"434","numberOfPages":"17","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-029436","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":474891,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5772/20017","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":310730,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-11-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5631f1f6e4b0c1dd0339e4ea","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Elango, Lakshmanan","contributorId":147284,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Elango","given":"Lakshmanan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":578594,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Perkins, Kim S. 0000-0001-8349-447X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8349-447X","contributorId":44097,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perkins","given":"Kim S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":578593,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70006048,"text":"ofr20111240 - 2011 - Helicopter electromagnetic and magnetic geophysical survey data, Hunton anticline, south-central Oklahoma","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-05-15T14:00:18.776932","indexId":"ofr20111240","displayToPublicDate":"2011-11-23T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-1240","title":"Helicopter electromagnetic and magnetic geophysical survey data, Hunton anticline, south-central Oklahoma","docAbstract":"This report is a digital data release for multiple geophysical surveys conducted in the Hunton anticline area of south-central Oklahoma. The helicopter electromagnetic and magnetic surveys were flown on March 16&ndash;17, 2007, in four areas of the Hunton anticline in south-central Oklahoma. The objective of this project is to improve the understanding of the geohydrologic framework of the Arbuckle-Simpson aquifer. The electromagnetic sensor for the helicopter electromagnetic survey consisted of six different transmitter-receiver orientations that measured the earth's electrical response at six distinct frequencies from approximately 500 Hertz to approximately 115,000 Hertz. The electromagnetic measurements were converted to electrical resistivity values, which were gridded and plotted on georeferenced maps. The map from each frequency represents a different depth of investigation for each area. The range of subsurface investigation is comparable to the depth of shallow groundwater. The four areas selected for the helicopter electromagnetic study, blocks A&ndash;D, have different geologic and hydrologic settings. Geophysical and hydrologic information from U.S. Geological Survey studies are being used by modelers and resource managers to develop groundwater resource plans for the Arbuckle-Simpson aquifer.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20111240","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the National Park Service and the State of Oklahoma, Oklahoma Water Resources Board","usgsCitation":"Smith, B.D., Smith, D.V., Deszcz-Pan, M., Blome, C.D., and Hill, P., 2011, Helicopter electromagnetic and magnetic geophysical survey data, Hunton anticline, south-central Oklahoma: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1240, v, 14 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111240.","productDescription":"v, 14 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":308,"text":"Geology and Environmental Change Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":110900,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1240/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":116704,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2011_1240.gif"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oklahoma","otherGeospatial":"Hunton anticline, Arbuckle-Aimpson aquifer","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3031e4b0c8380cd5d43a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, Bruce D. 0000-0002-1643-2997 bsmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1643-2997","contributorId":845,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Bruce","email":"bsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353728,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, David V. 0000-0003-0426-4401 dvsmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0426-4401","contributorId":1306,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"David","email":"dvsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353730,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Deszcz-Pan, Maryla","contributorId":87639,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Deszcz-Pan","given":"Maryla","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353732,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Blome, Charles D. 0000-0002-3449-9378 cblome@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3449-9378","contributorId":1246,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blome","given":"Charles","email":"cblome@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353729,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hill, Patricia","contributorId":65160,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hill","given":"Patricia","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353731,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
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