{"pageNumber":"735","pageRowStart":"18350","pageSize":"25","recordCount":40783,"records":[{"id":70006042,"text":"fs20113138 - 2011 - Science Goals of the U.S. Department of the Interior Southeast Climate Science Center","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:42","indexId":"fs20113138","displayToPublicDate":"2011-11-23T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-3138","title":"Science Goals of the U.S. Department of the Interior Southeast Climate Science Center","docAbstract":"In 2011, the U.S. Department of the Interior Southeast Climate Science Center (CSC) finalized the first draft of its goals for research needed to address the needs of natural and cultural partners for climate science in the Southeastern United States. The science themes described in this draft plan were established to address the information needs of ecoregion conservation partnerships, such as the Landscape Conservation Cooperatives (LCCs) and other regional conservation-science and resource-management partners. These themes were developed using priorities defined by partners and stakeholders in the Southeast and on a large-scale, multidisciplinary project-the Southeast Regional Assessment Project (SERAP)-developed in concert with those partners. Science products developed under these themes will provide models of potential future conditions, assessments of likely impacts, and tools that can be used to inform the conservation management decisions of LCCs and other partners. This information will be critical as managers try to anticipate and adapt to climate change. Resource managers in the Southeast are requesting this type of information, in many cases as a result of observed climate change effects. The Southeast CSC draft science plan identifies six science themes and frames the activities (tasks, with examples of recommended near-term work for each task included herein) related to each theme that are needed to achieve the objectives of the Southeast CSC.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20113138","usgsCitation":"Dalton, M.S., 2011, Science Goals of the U.S. Department of the Interior Southeast Climate Science Center: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2011-3138, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20113138.","productDescription":"4 p.","costCenters":[{"id":316,"text":"Georgia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":110910,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2011/3138/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":116788,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2011_3138.jpg"}],"country":"United States","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0de4b07f02db5fd368","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dalton, Melinda S. 0000-0002-2929-5573 msdalton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2929-5573","contributorId":267,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dalton","given":"Melinda","email":"msdalton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":509,"text":"Office of the Associate Director for Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":316,"text":"Georgia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353711,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70006046,"text":"sir20115138 - 2011 - Observed and forecast flood-inundation mapping application-A pilot study of an eleven-mile reach of the White River, Indianapolis, Indiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-01T08:40:43","indexId":"sir20115138","displayToPublicDate":"2011-11-23T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-5138","title":"Observed and forecast flood-inundation mapping application-A pilot study of an eleven-mile reach of the White River, Indianapolis, Indiana","docAbstract":"<p>Near-real-time and forecast flood-inundation mapping products resulted from a pilot study for an 11-mile reach of the White River in Indianapolis. The study was done by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), Indiana Silver Jackets hazard mitigation taskforce members, the National Weather Service (NWS), the Polis Center, and Indiana University, in cooperation with the City of Indianapolis, the Indianapolis Museum of Art, the Indiana Department of Homeland Security, and the Indiana Department of Natural Resources, Division of Water. The pilot project showed that it is technically feasible to create a flood-inundation map library by means of a two-dimensional hydraulic model, use a map from the library to quickly complete a moderately detailed local flood-loss estimate, and automatically run the hydraulic model during a flood event to provide the maps and flood-damage information through a Web graphical user interface. A library of static digital flood-inundation maps was created by means of a calibrated two-dimensional hydraulic model. Estimated water-surface elevations were developed for a range of river stages referenced to a USGS streamgage and NWS flood forecast point colocated within the study reach. These maps were made available through the Internet in several formats, including geographic information system, Keyhole Markup Language, and Portable Document Format. A flood-loss estimate was completed for part of the study reach by using one of the flood-inundation maps from the static library. The Federal Emergency Management Agency natural disaster-loss estimation program HAZUS-MH, in conjunction with local building information, was used to complete a level 2 analysis of flood-loss estimation. A Service-Oriented Architecture-based dynamic flood-inundation application was developed and was designed to start automatically during a flood, obtain near real-time and forecast data (from the colocated USGS streamgage and NWS flood forecast point within the study reach), run the two-dimensional hydraulic model, and produce flood-inundation maps. The application used local building data and depth-damage curves to estimate flood losses based on the maps, and it served inundation maps and flood-loss estimates through a Web-based graphical user interface.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20115138","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the City of Indianapolis, the Indianapolis Museum of Art, the Indiana Department of Homeland Security, and the Indiana Department of Natural Resources, Division of Water","usgsCitation":"Kim, M.H., Morlock, S.E., Arihood, L.D., and Kiesler, J.L., 2011, Observed and forecast flood-inundation mapping application-A pilot study of an eleven-mile reach of the White River, Indianapolis, Indiana: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5138, viii, 25 p.; Appendices, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20115138.","productDescription":"viii, 25 p.; 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larihood@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5792-3699","contributorId":2357,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arihood","given":"Leslie","email":"larihood@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":35860,"text":"Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353721,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kiesler, James L. jkiesler@usgs.gov","contributorId":4470,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kiesler","given":"James","email":"jkiesler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":353724,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70005861,"text":"70005861 - 2011 - Mercury bioaccumulation and biomagnification in Ozark stream ecosystems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-11T10:21:13","indexId":"70005861","displayToPublicDate":"2011-11-21T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1480,"text":"Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mercury bioaccumulation and biomagnification in Ozark stream ecosystems","docAbstract":"<p><span>Crayfish (</span><i>Orconectes</i><span> spp.), Asian clam (</span><i>Corbicula fluminea</i><span>), northern hog sucker (hog sucker; </span><i>Hypentelium nigricans</i><span>), and smallmouth bass (smallmouth; </span><i>Micropterus dolomieu</i><span>) from streams in southeastern Missouri (USA) were analyzed for total mercury (HgT) and for stable isotopes of carbon (δ</span><sup>13</sup><span>C), nitrogen (δ</span><sup>15</sup><span>N), and sulfur (δ</span><sup>34</sup><span>S) to discern Hg transfer pathways. HgT concentrations were generally lowest in crayfish (0.005–0.112&nbsp;μg/g&nbsp;dw) and highest in smallmouth (0.093–4.041&nbsp;μg/g&nbsp;dw), as was δ</span><sup>15</sup><span>N. HgT was also lower and δ</span><sup>15</sup><span>N was higher in all biota from a stream draining a more heavily populated historical lead–zinc mining area than from similar sites with mostly undeveloped forested watersheds. δ</span><sup>13</sup><span>C in biota was lowest at spring-influenced sites, reflecting CO</span><sub>2</sub><span> inputs and temperature influences, and δ</span><sup>34</sup><span>S increased from south to north in all taxa. However, HgT was not strongly correlated with either δ</span><sup>13</sup><span>C or δ</span><sup>34</sup><span>S in biota. Trophic position (TP) computed from crayfish δ</span><sup>15</sup><span>N was lower in hog suckers (mean=2.8) than in smallmouth (mean=3.2), but not at all sites. HgT, δ</span><sup>13</sup><span>C, δ</span><sup>34</sup><span>S, and TP in hog suckers increased with total length (length) at some sites, indicating site-specific ontogenetic diet shifts. Changes with length were less evident in smallmouth. Length-adjusted HgT site means in both species were strongly correlated with HgT in crayfish (</span><i>r</i><sup><i>2</i></sup><span>=0.97, </span><i>P</i><span>&lt;0.01), but not with HgT in </span><i>Corbicula</i><span> (</span><i>r</i><sup>2</sup><span>=0.02, </span><i>P</i><span>&gt;0.05). ANCOVA and regression models incorporating only TP and, for hog suckers, length, accurately and precisely predicted HgT concentrations in both fish species from all locations. Although low compared to many areas of the USA, HgT (and therefore methylmercury) concentrations in smallmouth and hog suckers are sufficiently high to represent a threat to human health and wildlife. Our data indicate that in Ozark streams, Hg concentrations in crayfish are at least partly determined by their diet, with concentrations in hog suckers, smallmouth, and possibly other higher-level consumers largely determined by concentrations in crayfish and other primary and secondary consumers, fish growth rates, and TP.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.ecoenv.2011.08.008","usgsCitation":"Schmitt, C.J., Stricker, C.A., and Brumbaugh, W.G., 2011, Mercury bioaccumulation and biomagnification in Ozark stream ecosystems: Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, v. 74, no. 8, p. 2215-2224, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2011.08.008.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"2215","endPage":"2224","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34983,"text":"Contaminant Biology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":204378,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Missouri","otherGeospatial":"Ozark Mountains","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -90.5,\n              38.0\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.5,\n              38.0\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.5,\n              36.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.5,\n              36.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.5,\n              38.0\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"74","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ae4b07f02db624b4d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schmitt, Christopher J. 0000-0001-6804-2360 cjschmitt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6804-2360","contributorId":491,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmitt","given":"Christopher","email":"cjschmitt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353420,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stricker, Craig A. 0000-0002-5031-9437 cstricker@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5031-9437","contributorId":1097,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stricker","given":"Craig","email":"cstricker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353422,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brumbaugh, William G. 0000-0003-0081-375X bbrumbaugh@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0081-375X","contributorId":493,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brumbaugh","given":"William","email":"bbrumbaugh@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353421,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70005986,"text":"sir20115189 - 2011 - Development of a flood-warning network and flood-inundation mapping for the Blanchard River in Ottawa, Ohio","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:43","indexId":"sir20115189","displayToPublicDate":"2011-11-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-5189","title":"Development of a flood-warning network and flood-inundation mapping for the Blanchard River in Ottawa, Ohio","docAbstract":"Digital flood-inundation maps of the Blanchard River in Ottawa, Ohio, were created by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service and the Village of Ottawa, Ohio. The maps, which correspond to water levels (stages) at the USGS streamgage at Ottawa (USGS streamgage site number 04189260), were provided to the National Weather Service (NWS) for incorporation into a Web-based flood-warning Network that can be used in conjunction with NWS flood-forecast data to show areas of predicted flood inundation associated with forecasted flood-peak stages.  Flood profiles were computed by means of a step-backwater model calibrated to recent field measurements of streamflow. The step-backwater model was then used to determine water-surface-elevation profiles for 12 flood stages with corresponding streamflows ranging from less than the 2-year and up to nearly the 500-year recurrence-interval flood. The computed flood profiles were used in combination with digital elevation data to delineate flood-inundation areas. Maps of the Village of Ottawa showing flood-inundation areas overlain on digital orthophotographs are presented for the selected floods.  As part of this flood-warning network, the USGS upgraded one streamgage and added two new streamgages, one on the Blanchard River and one on Riley Creek, which is tributary to the Blanchard River. The streamgage sites were equipped with both satellite and telephone telemetry. The telephone telemetry provides dual functionality, allowing village officials and the public to monitor current stage conditions and enabling the streamgage to call village officials with automated warnings regarding flood stage and/or predetermined rates of stage increase. Data from the streamgages serve as a flood warning that emergency management personnel can use in conjunction with the flood-inundation maps by to determine a course of action when flooding is imminent.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20115189","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Village of Ottawa, Ohio, and the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service","usgsCitation":"Whitehead, M.T., 2011, Development of a flood-warning network and flood-inundation mapping for the Blanchard River in Ottawa, Ohio: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5189, iv, 8 p.; 12 Plates - Plate 1: 15 x 14.17 inches, Plate 2: 15 x 14.17 inches, Plate 3: 15 x 14.17 inches, Plate 4: 15 x 14.17 inches, Plate 5: 15 x 14.17 inches, Plate 6: 15 x 14.17 inches, Plate 7: 15 x 14.17 inches, Plate 8: 15 x 14.17 inches, Plate 9: 15 x 14.17 inches, Plate 10: 15 x 14.17 inches, Plate 11: 15 x 14.17 inches, Plate 12: 15 x 14.17 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20115189.","productDescription":"iv, 8 p.; 12 Plates - Plate 1: 15 x 14.17 inches, Plate 2: 15 x 14.17 inches, Plate 3: 15 x 14.17 inches, Plate 4: 15 x 14.17 inches, Plate 5: 15 x 14.17 inches, Plate 6: 15 x 14.17 inches, Plate 7: 15 x 14.17 inches, Plate 8: 15 x 14.17 inches, Plate 9: 15 x 14.17 inches, Plate 10: 15 x 14.17 inches, Plate 11: 15 x 14.17 inches, Plate 12: 15 x 14.17 inches","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":513,"text":"Ohio Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116423,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2011_5189.jpg"},{"id":110846,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5189/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Ohio","city":"Ottowa","otherGeospatial":"Blanchard River","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa7e4b07f02db66701a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Whitehead, Matthew T. mtwhiteh@usgs.gov","contributorId":2158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whitehead","given":"Matthew","email":"mtwhiteh@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":513,"text":"Ohio Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":353607,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70005985,"text":"ofr20101240 - 2011 - Palos Verdes Shelf oceanographic study; data report for observations December 2007&ndash;April 2008","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:12:01","indexId":"ofr20101240","displayToPublicDate":"2011-11-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-1240","title":"Palos Verdes Shelf oceanographic study; data report for observations December 2007&ndash;April 2008","docAbstract":"Beginning in 1997, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) defined a contaminated section of the Palos Verdes Shelf region in southern California as a Superfund Site, initiating a continuing investigation of this area. The investigation involved the EPA, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), Science Applications International Corporation (SAIC), Los Angeles County Sanitation Districts (LACSD) data, and other allied agencies.  In mid-2007, the Palos Verdes Shelf project team identified the need for additional data on the sediment properties and oceanographic conditions at the Palos Verdes Superfund Site and deployed seven bottom platforms, three subsurface moorings, and three surface moorings on the shelf. This additional data was needed to support ongoing modeling and feasibility studies and to improve our ability to model the fate of the effluent-affected deposit over time. It provided more detail on the spatial variability and magnitude of resuspension of the deposit during multiple storms that are expected to transit the region during a winter season.  The operation began in early December 2007 and ended in early April 2008. The goal was to measure the sediment response (threshold of resuspension, suspended-sediment concentrations, and suspended-sediment transport rates) to bed stresses associated with waves and currents. Other objectives included determining the structure of the bottom boundary layer (BBL) relating nearbed currents with those measured at 10 m above bottom (mab) and comparing those with the long-term data from the LACSD Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP) deployments for nearbed current speed and direction. Low-profile tripods with high-frequency ADCPs co-located with two of the large tripods were selected for this goal.  This report describes the data obtained during the field program, the instruments and data-processing procedures used, and the archive that contains the data sets that have passed our quality-assurance procedures.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20101240","usgsCitation":"Rosenberger, K.J., Noble, M.A., Sherwood, C.R., Martini, M., Ferreira, J., and Montgomery, E., 2011, Palos Verdes Shelf oceanographic study; data report for observations December 2007&ndash;April 2008: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010-1240, v, 27 p.; Figures; Appendices, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20101240.","productDescription":"v, 27 p.; Figures; Appendices","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2007-12-01","temporalEnd":"2008-04-30","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116426,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2010_1240.gif"},{"id":110845,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1240/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Palos Verdes Shelf","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -118.35111111111111,33.66777777777777 ], [ -118.35111111111111,33.7175 ], [ -118.28444444444445,33.7175 ], [ -118.28444444444445,33.66777777777777 ], [ -118.35111111111111,33.66777777777777 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b08e4b07f02db69b9ad","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rosenberger, Kurt J. krosenberger@usgs.gov","contributorId":2575,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosenberger","given":"Kurt","email":"krosenberger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":353603,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Noble, Marlene A. mnoble@usgs.gov","contributorId":1429,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Noble","given":"Marlene","email":"mnoble@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353602,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sherwood, Christopher R. 0000-0001-6135-3553 csherwood@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6135-3553","contributorId":2866,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sherwood","given":"Christopher","email":"csherwood@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353604,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Martini, Marinna M.","contributorId":53518,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martini","given":"Marinna M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353605,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ferreira, Joanne T.","contributorId":59174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ferreira","given":"Joanne T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353606,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Montgomery, Ellyn T. emontgomery@usgs.gov","contributorId":407,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Montgomery","given":"Ellyn T.","email":"emontgomery@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":353601,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70003844,"text":"70003844 - 2011 - Reactive-transport modeling of iron diagenesis and associated organic carbon remineralization in a Florida (USA) subterranean estuary","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-05-13T18:17:56.977032","indexId":"70003844","displayToPublicDate":"2011-11-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1427,"text":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Reactive-transport modeling of iron diagenesis and associated organic carbon remineralization in a Florida (USA) subterranean estuary","docAbstract":"<p><span>Iron oxides are important terminal electron acceptors for organic carbon (OC) remineralization in subterranean estuaries, particularly where oxygen and nitrate concentrations are low. In Indian River Lagoon, Florida, USA, terrestrial Fe-oxides dissolve at the seaward edge of the seepage face and flow upward into overlying marine sediments where they precipitate as Fe-sulfides. The dissolved Fe concentrations vary by over three orders of magnitude, but Fe-oxide dissolution rates are similar across the 25-m wide seepage face, averaging around 0.21</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>mg/cm</span><sup>2</sup><span>/yr. The constant dissolution rate, but differing concentrations, indicate Fe dissolution is controlled by a combination of increasing lability of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and slower porewater flow velocities with distance offshore. In contrast, the average rate constants of Fe-sulfide precipitation decrease from 21.9</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>×</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>10</span><sup>−&nbsp;8</sup><span>&nbsp;</span><span>s</span><sup>−&nbsp;1</sup><span>&nbsp;to 0.64</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>×</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>10</span><sup>−&nbsp;8</sup><span>&nbsp;</span><span>s</span><sup>−&nbsp;1</sup><span>&nbsp;from the shoreline to the seaward edge of the seepage face as more oxygenated surface water circulates through the sediment. The amount of OC remineralized by Fe-oxides varies little across the seepage face, averaging 5.34</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>×</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>10</span><sup>−&nbsp;2</sup><span>&nbsp;</span><span>mg/cm</span><sup>2</sup><span>/yr. These rates suggest about 3.4</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>kg of marine DOC was remineralized in a 1-m wide, shore-perpendicular strip of the seepage face as the terrestrial sediments were transgressed over the past 280</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>years. During this time, about 10 times more marine solid organic carbon (SOC) accumulated in marine sediments than were removed from the underlying terrestrial sediments. Indian River Lagoon thus appears to be a net sink for marine OC.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.epsl.2011.02.002","usgsCitation":"Roy, M., Martin, J., Smith, C.G., and Cable, J.E., 2011, Reactive-transport modeling of iron diagenesis and associated organic carbon remineralization in a Florida (USA) subterranean estuary: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 304, no. 1-2, p. 191-201, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2011.02.002.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"191","endPage":"201","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":204549,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Indian River Lagoon","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -80.8648681640625,\n              27.103143960595734\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.1507568359375,\n              27.103143960595734\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.1507568359375,\n              28.478348692223165\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.8648681640625,\n              28.478348692223165\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.8648681640625,\n              27.103143960595734\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"304","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a7fe4b07f02db6486b6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Roy, Moutusi","contributorId":27998,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roy","given":"Moutusi","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349132,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Martin, Jonathan B.","contributorId":68450,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"Jonathan B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349133,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smith, Christopher G. 0000-0002-8075-4763 cgsmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8075-4763","contributorId":3410,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Christopher","email":"cgsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":349131,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cable, Jaye E.","contributorId":83658,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cable","given":"Jaye","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349134,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70005696,"text":"70005696 - 2011 - Refugial isolation and divergence in the Narrowheaded Gartersnake species complex (Thamnophis rufipunctatus) as revealed by multilocus DNA sequence data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-18T15:33:29.966251","indexId":"70005696","displayToPublicDate":"2011-11-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2774,"text":"Molecular Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Refugial isolation and divergence in the Narrowheaded Gartersnake species complex (<i>Thamnophis rufipunctatus</i>) as revealed by multilocus DNA sequence data","title":"Refugial isolation and divergence in the Narrowheaded Gartersnake species complex (Thamnophis rufipunctatus) as revealed by multilocus DNA sequence data","docAbstract":"<p><span>Glacial–interglacial cycles of the Pleistocene are hypothesized as one of the foremost contributors to biological diversification. This is especially true for cold‐adapted montane species, where range shifts have had a pronounced effect on population‐level divergence. Gartersnakes of the&nbsp;</span><i>Thamnophis rufipunctatus</i><span>&nbsp;species complex are restricted to cold headwater streams in the highlands of the Sierra Madre Occidental and southwestern USA. We used coalescent and multilocus phylogenetic approaches to test whether genetic diversification of this montane‐restricted species complex is consistent with two prevailing models of range fluctuation for species affected by Pleistocene climate changes. Our concatenated nuDNA and multilocus species analyses recovered evidence for the persistence of multiple lineages that are restricted geographically, despite a mtDNA signature consistent with either more recent connectivity (and introgression) or recent expansion (and incomplete lineage sorting). Divergence times estimated using a relaxed molecular clock and fossil calibrations fall within the Late Pleistocene, and zero gene flow scenarios among current geographically isolated lineages could not be rejected. These results suggest that increased climate shifts in the Late Pleistocene have driven diversification and current range retraction patterns and that the differences between markers reflect the stochasticity of gene lineages (i.e. ancestral polymorphism) rather than gene flow and introgression. These results have important implications for the conservation of&nbsp;</span><i>T.&nbsp;rufipunctatus</i><span>&nbsp;(sensu novo), which is restricted to two drainage systems in the southwestern US and has undergone a recent and dramatic decline.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","publisherLocation":"Malden, MA","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-294X.2011.05211.x","usgsCitation":"Wood, D.A., Vandergast, A.G., Espinal, A.L., Fisher, R., and Holycross, A., 2011, Refugial isolation and divergence in the Narrowheaded Gartersnake species complex (Thamnophis rufipunctatus) as revealed by multilocus DNA sequence data: Molecular Ecology, v. 20, no. 18, p. 3856-3878, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294X.2011.05211.x.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"3856","endPage":"3878","numberOfPages":"23","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":204336,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"20","issue":"18","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-08-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a60e4b07f02db63516f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wood, Dustin A. 0000-0002-7668-9911 dawood@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7668-9911","contributorId":4179,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wood","given":"Dustin","email":"dawood@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353076,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Vandergast, Amy G. 0000-0002-7835-6571","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7835-6571","contributorId":57201,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vandergast","given":"Amy","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353078,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Espinal, A. Lemos","contributorId":81623,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Espinal","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"Lemos","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353080,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fisher, Robert N. 0000-0002-2956-3240","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2956-3240","contributorId":51675,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisher","given":"Robert N.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353077,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Holycross, A.T.","contributorId":79060,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Holycross","given":"A.T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353079,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70005965,"text":"fs20113098 - 2011 - Methods for processing and imaging marsh foraminifera","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:16:01","indexId":"fs20113098","displayToPublicDate":"2011-11-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-3098","title":"Methods for processing and imaging marsh foraminifera","docAbstract":"This study is part of a larger U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) project to characterize the physical conditions of wetlands in southwestern Louisiana. Within these wetlands, groups of benthic foraminifera-shelled amoeboid protists living near or on the sea floor-can be used as agents to measure land subsidence, relative sea-level rise, and storm impact. In the Mississippi River Delta region, intertidal-marsh foraminiferal assemblages and biofacies were established in studies that pre-date the 1970s, with a very limited number of more recent studies. This fact sheet outlines this project's improved methods, handling, and modified preparations for the use of Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) imaging of these foraminifera. The objective is to identify marsh foraminifera to the taxonomic species level by using improved processing methods and SEM imaging for morphological characterization in order to evaluate changes in distribution and frequency relative to other environmental variables. The majority of benthic marsh foraminifera consists of agglutinated forms, which can be more delicate than porcelaneous forms. Agglutinated tests (shells) are made of particles such as sand grains or silt and clay material, whereas porcelaneous tests consist of calcite.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20113098","collaboration":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","usgsCitation":"Dreher, C.A., and Flocks, J.G., 2011, Methods for processing and imaging marsh foraminifera: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2011-3098, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20113098.","productDescription":"4 p.","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":110858,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2011/3098/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":116413,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2011_3098.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a53e4b07f02db62ba85","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dreher, Chandra A.","contributorId":71282,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dreher","given":"Chandra","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353541,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Flocks, James G. 0000-0002-6177-7433 jflocks@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6177-7433","contributorId":816,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flocks","given":"James","email":"jflocks@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353540,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70005980,"text":"ofr20111275 - 2011 - The Lake Tahoe Basin Land Use Simulation Model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:16:00","indexId":"ofr20111275","displayToPublicDate":"2011-11-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-1275","title":"The Lake Tahoe Basin Land Use Simulation Model","docAbstract":"This U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report describes the final modeling product for the Tahoe Decision Support System project for the Lake Tahoe Basin funded by the Southern Nevada Public Land Management Act and the U.S. Geological Survey's Geographic Analysis and Monitoring Program. This research was conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey Western Geographic Science Center. The purpose of this report is to describe the basic elements of the novel Lake Tahoe Basin Land Use Simulation Model, publish samples of the data inputs, basic outputs of the model, and the details of the Python code. The results of this report include a basic description of the Land Use Simulation Model, descriptions and summary statistics of model inputs, two figures showing the graphical user interface from the web-based tool, samples of the two input files, seven tables of basic output results from the web-based tool and descriptions of their parameters, and the fully functional Python code.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20111275","usgsCitation":"Forney, W.M., and Oldham, I.B., 2011, The Lake Tahoe Basin Land Use Simulation Model: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1275, iv, 21 p.; Appendices, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111275.","productDescription":"iv, 21 p.; Appendices","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116409,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2011_1275.gif"},{"id":110841,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1275/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac8e4b07f02db67c034","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Forney, William M.","contributorId":43490,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Forney","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353592,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Oldham, I. Benson","contributorId":101377,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oldham","given":"I.","email":"","middleInitial":"Benson","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353593,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70005977,"text":"ofr20111195 - 2011 - Vegetation and substrate properties of aeolian dune fields in the Colorado River corridor, Grand Canyon, Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:12:01","indexId":"ofr20111195","displayToPublicDate":"2011-11-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-1195","title":"Vegetation and substrate properties of aeolian dune fields in the Colorado River corridor, Grand Canyon, Arizona","docAbstract":"This report summarizes vegetation and substrate properties of aeolian landscapes in the Colorado River corridor through Grand Canyon, Arizona, in Grand Canyon National Park. Characterizing these parameters provides a basis from which to assess future changes in this ecosystem, including the spread of nonnative plant species. Differences are apparent between aeolian dune fields that are downwind of where modern controlled flooding deposits new sandbars (modern-fluvial-sourced dune fields) and those that have received little or no new windblown sand since river regulation began in the 1960s (relict-fluvial-sourced dune fields). The most substantial difference between modern- and relict-fluvial-sourced aeolian dune fields is the greater abundance of biologic soil crust in relict dune fields. These findings can be used with similar investigations in other geomorphic settings in Grand Canyon and elsewhere in the Colorado River corridor to evaluate the health of the Colorado River ecosystem over time.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20111195","usgsCitation":"Draut, A.E., 2011, Vegetation and substrate properties of aeolian dune fields in the Colorado River corridor, Grand Canyon, Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1195, iv, 16 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111195.","productDescription":"iv, 16 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116410,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2011_1195.gif"},{"id":110839,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1195/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"state":"Arizona","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -114,35 ], [ -114,37 ], [ -111,37 ], [ -111,35 ], [ -114,35 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a14e4b07f02db602682","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Draut, Amy E.","contributorId":92215,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Draut","given":"Amy","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353582,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70044440,"text":"70044440 - 2011 - The biogeochemistry of anchialine caves: Progress and possibilities","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-04-25T13:07:04","indexId":"70044440","displayToPublicDate":"2011-11-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1919,"text":"Hydrobiologia","onlineIssn":"1573-5117","printIssn":"0018-8158","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The biogeochemistry of anchialine caves: Progress and possibilities","docAbstract":"Recent investigations of anchialine caves and sinkholes have identified complex food webs dependent on detrital and, in some cases, chemosynthetically produced organic matter. Chemosynthetic microbes in anchialine systems obtain energy from reduced compounds produced during organic matter degradation (e.g., sulfide, ammonium, and methane), similar to what occurs in deep ocean cold seeps and mud volcanoes, but distinct from dominant processes operating at hydrothermal vents and sulfurous mineral caves where the primary energy source is mantle derived. This review includes case studies from both anchialine and non-anchialine habitats, where evidence for in situ chemosynthetic production of organic matter and its subsequent transfer to higher trophic level metazoans is documented. The energy sources and pathways identified are synthesized to develop conceptual models for elemental cycles and energy cascades that occur within oligotrophic and eutrophic anchialine caves. Strategies and techniques for testing the hypothesis of chemosynthesis as an active process in anchialine caves are also suggested.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrobiologia","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10750-011-0624-5","usgsCitation":"Pohlman, J., 2011, The biogeochemistry of anchialine caves: Progress and possibilities: Hydrobiologia, v. 677, p. 33-51, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-011-0624-5.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"33","endPage":"51","numberOfPages":"19","ipdsId":"IP-025144","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":271474,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":271473,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10750-011-0624-5"}],"volume":"677","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-03-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"517a506de4b072c16ef14b4c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pohlman, John W.","contributorId":95288,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pohlman","given":"John W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475592,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70005951,"text":"sir20115149 - 2011 - Simulations of groundwater flow and particle-tracking analysis in the zone of contribution to a public-supply well in San Antonio, Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-11T15:18:20","indexId":"sir20115149","displayToPublicDate":"2011-11-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-5149","title":"Simulations of groundwater flow and particle-tracking analysis in the zone of contribution to a public-supply well in San Antonio, Texas","docAbstract":"<p>In 2006, a public-supply well in San Antonio, Texas, was selected for intensive study to assess the vulnerability of public-supply wells in the Edwards aquifer to contamination by a variety of compounds. A local-scale, steady-state, three-dimensional numerical groundwater-flow model was developed and used in this study to evaluate the movement of water and solutes from recharge areas to the selected public-supply well. Particle tracking was used to compute flow paths and advective traveltimes throughout the model area and to delineate the areas contributing recharge and zone of contribution for the selected public-supply well.</p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n<p>The local-scale model grid has a finer vertical discretization than do previous regional Edwards aquifer models and incorporates refined parameter zones corresponding with multiple (10) hydrogeologic units representing the Edwards aquifer. In the Edwards aquifer, high matrix porosity and permeability likely are overshadowed by high permeability developed in structurally influenced karstic conduit systems that transmit water into, through, and out of the aquifer system. The complexity of the aquifer system in the local-scale study area is further increased by numerous faults with varying vertical displacements. The extensive faulting results in the juxtaposition of hydrogeologic units with differing hydraulic properties and has appreciable effects on groundwater flow in the Edwards aquifer. The local-scale model simulations use the MODFLOW Hydrogeologic-Unit Flow Package and include two hydrogeologic units with high hydraulic conductivities (one or more orders of magnitude higher than for the other simulated hydrogeologic units) that are intended to simulate fast flow paths attributable to karst features. The two &ldquo;conduit&rdquo; hydrogeologic units of the Edwards aquifer represent the lower 8 meters of the leached and collapsed members and the Kirschberg evaporite member of the Edwards Group. The MODFLOW Horizontal-Flow Barrier Package was used to simulate faults in the local-scale model. The assumption was made that the degree to which a fault acts as a barrier to groundwater flow is proportional to the fault displacement. The final calibrated hydraulic-conductance values ranged from 0.01 to 0.2 per day for fault displacements ranging from 0 to more than 100 percent of the total aquifer thickness.</p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n<p>The calibrated steady-state simulation generally reproduces the spatial distribution of measured water-level altitudes. Simulated water-level altitudes were within 9.0 meters of measured water-level altitudes at 74 of the 84 wells used as targets for the local-scale model for the calibrated steady-state simulation. The overall mean absolute difference between simulated and measured water-level altitudes is 4.2 meters, and the mean algebraic difference is 1.9 meters. The simulated springflow for San Antonio Springs was 7.7 percent greater and for San Pedro Springs was 4.2 percent less than the median measured springflow. Simulated tritium concentrations were within 0.14 tritium units of measured tritium concentrations for 11 of the 13 local-scale study tritium observations from the 10 local-scale study wells used to calibrate the steady-state local-scale model, with a mean absolute difference between simulated and measured tritium concentrations of 0.11 tritium units and a mean algebraic difference of -0.04 tritium units. Simulated tritium concentrations in the selected public-supply well during November 2007 were within 0.09 tritium units of the measured concentrations, with the exception of the shallowest observation from the well.</p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n<p>The steady-state simulation water budget indicates that recharge occurring in the local-scale study area accounts for 31.8 percent of the sources of water to the Edwards aquifer in the local-scale model area and that inflow through the model boundaries contributes 68.2 percent. Most of the flow into the local-scale model area through the model boundaries occurs through the western and southern boundaries, 58.2 and 39.6 percent, respectively. The largest discharges from the Edwards aquifer in the local-scale model area are boundary outflow (71.4 percent) and withdrawals by wells (24.9 percent). Most of the flow out of the local-scale model area through the model boundaries occurs through the southern and eastern boundaries, 54.2 and 39.6 percent, respectively.</p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n<p>The simulated zones of contribution for the selected public-supply well, Timberhill well nest, and Zarzamora well nest extend to the north, northeast, and northwest from each site in the confined zone of the aquifer into the recharge zone, where all recharge to the aquifer occurs. The area contributing recharge for the selected public-supply well has the greatest extent. The area contributing recharge for the Timberhill well nest encompasses approximately the western one-half of the area contributing recharge for the selected public-supply well, and that for the Zarzamora well nest encompasses approximately the eastern two-thirds of the area contributing recharge for the selected public-supply well.</p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n<p>Simulated particle ages ranged from less than 1 day to more than 1,900 years in the 10 local-scale study wells (13 local-scale study tritium observations) used to calibrate the local-scale model. The simulated mean particle ages for the tritium observations representing selected well depths (shallow, intermediate, and deep) ranged from 2.5 to 15 years. The minimum (youngest) mean particle ages for the selected public-supply well and the Timberhill monitoring wells were for the intermediate well depth, while the youngest mean particle age for the Zarzamora monitoring wells was for the intermediate and deep well depth. The maximum (oldest) mean particle ages for the selected public-supply well and the Zarzamora monitoring wells were for the shallow well depth. The mean of simulated particle ages for tritium observations representing well depths open to the simulated conduit hydrogeologic units was 3.8 years, whereas the mean of simulated particle ages for tritium observations representing well depths not open to the simulated conduit hydrogeologic units was 9.6 years.</p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n<p>The effect of short-circuit pathways, for example karst conduits, in the flow system on the movement of young water to the selected public-supply well could greatly alter contaminant arrival times compared to what might be expected from advection in a system without short circuiting. In a forecasting exercise, the simulated concentrations showed rapid initial response at the beginning and end of chemical input, followed by more gradual response as older water moved through the system. The nature of karst groundwater flow, where flow predominantly occurs via conduit flow paths, could lead to relatively rapid water quality responses to land-use changes. Results from the forecasting exercise indicate that timescales for change in the quality of water from the selected public-supply well could be on the order of a few years to decades for land-use changes that occur over days to decades, which has implications for source-water protection strategies that rely on land-use change to achieve water-quality objectives.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20115149","collaboration":"U.S. Geological Survey National Water-Quality Assessment Program","usgsCitation":"Lindgren, R., Houston, N.A., Musgrove, M., Fahlquist, L.S., and Kauffman, L.J., 2011, Simulations of groundwater flow and particle-tracking analysis in the zone of contribution to a public-supply well in San Antonio, Texas: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5149, x, 93 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20115149.","productDescription":"x, 93 p.","numberOfPages":"108","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116404,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2011_5149.png"},{"id":110823,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5149/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"projection":"Albers Equal Area projection","datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","state":"Texas","city":"San Antonio","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -101.0,27.5 ], [ -101.0,31.0 ], [ -97.0,31.0 ], [ -97.0,27.5 ], [ -101.0,27.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f6e4b07f02db5f1ae5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lindgren, Richard L.","contributorId":57725,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lindgren","given":"Richard L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353526,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Houston, Natalie A. 0000-0002-6071-4545 nhouston@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6071-4545","contributorId":1682,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Houston","given":"Natalie","email":"nhouston@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353524,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Musgrove, MaryLynn","contributorId":34878,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Musgrove","given":"MaryLynn","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353525,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fahlquist, Lynne S. 0000-0002-4993-4037 lfahlqst@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4993-4037","contributorId":1051,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fahlquist","given":"Lynne","email":"lfahlqst@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353522,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kauffman, Leon J. 0000-0003-4564-0362 lkauff@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4564-0362","contributorId":1094,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kauffman","given":"Leon","email":"lkauff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353523,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70005946,"text":"fs20113114 - 2011 - Regional assessments of the Nation's water quality&mdash;Improved understanding of stream nutrient sources through enhanced modeling capabilities","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:59","indexId":"fs20113114","displayToPublicDate":"2011-11-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-3114","title":"Regional assessments of the Nation's water quality&mdash;Improved understanding of stream nutrient sources through enhanced modeling capabilities","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) recently completed assessments of stream nutrients in six major regions extending over much of the conterminous United States. SPARROW (SPAtially Referenced Regressions On Watershed attributes) models were developed for each region to explain spatial patterns in monitored stream nutrient loads in relation to human activities and natural resources and processes. The model information, reported by stream reach and catchment, provides contrasting views of the spatial patterns of nutrient source contributions, including those from urban (wastewater effluent and diffuse runoff from developed land), agricultural (farm fertilizers and animal manure), and specific background sources (atmospheric nitrogen deposition, soil phosphorus, forest nitrogen fixation, and channel erosion).","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20113114","collaboration":"National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program","usgsCitation":"Preston, S.D., Alexander, R.B., and Woodside, M., 2011, Regional assessments of the Nation's water quality&mdash;Improved understanding of stream nutrient sources through enhanced modeling capabilities: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2011-3114, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20113114.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"6","numberOfPages":"6","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116308,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2011_3114.jpg"},{"id":110821,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2011/3114/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a49e4b07f02db6244bb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Preston, Stephen D. 0000-0003-1515-6692 spreston@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1515-6692","contributorId":1463,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Preston","given":"Stephen","email":"spreston@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353514,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Alexander, Richard B. 0000-0001-9166-0626 ralex@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9166-0626","contributorId":541,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alexander","given":"Richard","email":"ralex@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353513,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Woodside, Michael D. mdwoodsi@usgs.gov","contributorId":2903,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woodside","given":"Michael D.","email":"mdwoodsi@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353515,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70005952,"text":"pp1783 - 2011 - Cenozoic tectonic reorganizations of the Death Valley region, southeast California and southwest Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:12:01","indexId":"pp1783","displayToPublicDate":"2011-11-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1783","title":"Cenozoic tectonic reorganizations of the Death Valley region, southeast California and southwest Nevada","docAbstract":"The Death Valley region, of southeast California and southwest Nevada, is distinct relative to adjacent regions in its structural style and resulting topography, as well as in the timing of basin-range extension. Cenozoic basin-fill strata, ranging in age from greater than or equal to 40 to approximately 2 million years are common within mountain-range uplifts in this region. The tectonic fragmentation and local uplift of these abandoned basin-fills indicate a multistage history of basin-range tectonism. Additionally, the oldest of these strata record an earlier, pre-basin-range interval of weak extension that formed broad shallow basins that trapped sediments, without forming basin-range topography. The Cenozoic basin-fill strata record distinct stratigraphic breaks that regionally cluster into tight age ranges, constrained by well-dated interbedded volcanic units. Many of these stratigraphic breaks are long recognized formation boundaries. Most are angular unconformities that coincide with abrupt changes in depositional environment. Deposits that bound these unconformities indicate they are weakly diachronous; they span about 1 to 2 million years and generally decrease in age to the west within individual basins and regionally, across basin boundaries. Across these unconformities, major changes are found in the distribution and provenance of basin-fill strata, and in patterns of internal facies. These features indicate rapid, regionally coordinated changes in strain patterns defined by major active basin-bounding faults, coincident with step-wise migrations of the belt of active basin-range tectonism. The regionally correlative unconformities thus record short intervals of radical tectonic change, here termed \"tectonic reorganizations.\" The intervening, longer (about 3- to 5-million-year) interval of gradual, monotonic evolution in the locus and style of tectonism are called \"tectonic stages.\" The belt of active tectonism in the Death Valley region has abruptly stepped westward during three successive tectonic reorganizations that intervened between four stages of basin-range tectonism, the youngest of which is ongoing. These three tectonic reorganizations also intervened between four stages of volcanic activity, each of which has been distinct in the compositions of magmas erupted, in eruption rates, and in the locus of volcanic activity&mdash;which has stepped progressively westward, in close coordination with the step-wise migrations in the locus of basin-range extension. The timing of the Cenozoic tectonic reorganizations in the Death Valley region correlates closely with the documented timing of episodic reorganizations of the boundary between the Pacific and North American plates, to the west and southwest. This supports models that explain the widely distributed transtensional tectonism in southwestern North America since approximately 40 million years ago as resulting from traction imposed by the adjacent, divergent Pacific plate.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/pp1783","usgsCitation":"Fridrich, C.J., and Thompson, R.A., 2011, Cenozoic tectonic reorganizations of the Death Valley region, southeast California and southwest Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1783, viii, 36 p.; Plate 1: 53.99 x 41.00 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1783.","productDescription":"viii, 36 p.; Plate 1: 53.99 x 41.00 inches","startPage":"i","endPage":"36","numberOfPages":"44","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":308,"text":"Geology and Environmental Change Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116402,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/pp_1783.png"},{"id":110824,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1783/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States;Mexico","state":"California;Nevada","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -130,25 ], [ -130,55 ], [ -100,55 ], [ -100,25 ], [ -130,25 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e5e4b07f02db5e6efd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fridrich, Christopher J. 0000-0003-2453-6478 fridrich@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2453-6478","contributorId":1251,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fridrich","given":"Christopher","email":"fridrich@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353527,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thompson, Ren A. 0000-0002-3044-3043 rathomps@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3044-3043","contributorId":1265,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"Ren","email":"rathomps@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353528,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70005937,"text":"fs20113067 - 2011 - Land-use planning for nearshore ecosystem services&mdash;the Puget Sound Ecosystem Portfolio Model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:57","indexId":"fs20113067","displayToPublicDate":"2011-11-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-3067","title":"Land-use planning for nearshore ecosystem services&mdash;the Puget Sound Ecosystem Portfolio Model","docAbstract":"The 2,500 miles of shoreline and nearshore areas of Puget Sound, Washington, provide multiple benefits to people&mdash;\"ecosystem services\"&mdash;including important fishing, shellfishing, and recreation industries. To help resource managers plan for expected growth in coming decades, the U.S. Geological Survey Western Geographic Science Center has developed the Puget Sound Ecosystem Portfolio Model (PSEPM). Scenarios of urban growth and shoreline modifications serve as model inputs to develop alternative futures of important nearshore features such as water quality and beach habitats. Model results will support regional long-term planning decisions for the Puget Sound region.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20113067","usgsCitation":"Byrd, K., 2011, Land-use planning for nearshore ecosystem services&mdash;the Puget Sound Ecosystem Portfolio Model: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2011-3067, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20113067.","productDescription":"2 p.","costCenters":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116558,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2011_3067.gif"},{"id":101790,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2011/3067/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Pudget Sound","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b23e4b07f02db6ade68","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Byrd, Kristin","contributorId":82053,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Byrd","given":"Kristin","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353492,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70003879,"text":"70003879 - 2011 - Rapid wetland expansion during European settlement and its implication for marsh survival under modern sediment delivery rates","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-25T20:52:14.915034","indexId":"70003879","displayToPublicDate":"2011-11-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Rapid wetland expansion during European settlement and its implication for marsh survival under modern sediment delivery rates","docAbstract":"<p><span>Fluctuations in sea-level rise rates are thought to dominate the formation and evolution of coastal wetlands. Here we demonstrate a contrasting scenario in which land-use–related changes in sediment delivery rates drive the formation of expansive marshland, and vegetation feedbacks maintain their morphology despite recent sediment supply reduction. Stratigraphic analysis and radiocarbon dating in the Plum Island Estuary (Massachusetts, United States) suggest that salt marshes expanded rapidly during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries due to increased rates of sediment delivery following deforestation associated with European settlement. Numerical modeling coupled with the stratigraphic observations suggests that existing marshland could survive, but not form under the low suspended sediment concentrations observed in the estuary today. These results suggest that many of the expansive marshes that characterize the modern North American coast are metastable relicts of high nineteenth century sediment delivery rates, and that recent observations of degradation may represent a slow return to pre-settlement marsh extent. In contrast to ecosystem management practices in which restoring pre-anthropogenic conditions is seen as a way to increase ecosystem services, our results suggest that widespread efforts to restore valuable coastal wetlands actually prevent some systems from returning to a natural state.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/G31789.1","usgsCitation":"Kirwan, M., Murray, A.B., Donnelly, J., and Corbett, D., 2011, Rapid wetland expansion during European settlement and its implication for marsh survival under modern sediment delivery rates: Geology, v. 39, no. 5, p. 507-510, https://doi.org/10.1130/G31789.1.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"507","endPage":"510","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":204254,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts","otherGeospatial":"Plum Island Estuary","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -70.85649490356445,\n              42.688113784864825\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.77169418334961,\n              42.688113784864825\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.77169418334961,\n              42.775369384034285\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.85649490356445,\n              42.775369384034285\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.85649490356445,\n              42.688113784864825\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"39","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a80e4b07f02db64938e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kirwan, Matthew L. 0000-0002-0658-3038","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0658-3038","contributorId":84060,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kirwan","given":"Matthew L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349267,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Murray, A. Brad","contributorId":57585,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murray","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"Brad","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349266,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Donnelly, Jeffrey P.","contributorId":91613,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Donnelly","given":"Jeffrey P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349268,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Corbett, D. Reide","contributorId":23681,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Corbett","given":"D. Reide","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349265,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70005938,"text":"ofr20111279 - 2011 - Tools and methods for evaluating and refining alternative futures for coastal ecosystem management&mdash;the Puget Sound Ecosystem Portfolio Model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:57","indexId":"ofr20111279","displayToPublicDate":"2011-11-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-1279","title":"Tools and methods for evaluating and refining alternative futures for coastal ecosystem management&mdash;the Puget Sound Ecosystem Portfolio Model","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey Puget Sound Ecosystem Portfolio Model (PSEPM) is a decision-support tool that uses scenarios to evaluate where, when, and to what extent future population growth, urban growth, and shoreline development may threaten the Puget Sound nearshore environment. This tool was designed to be used iteratively in a workshop setting in which experts, stakeholders, and decisionmakers discuss consequences to the Puget Sound nearshore within an alternative-futures framework. The PSEPM presents three possible futures of the nearshore by analyzing three growth scenarios developed out to 2060: Status Quo&mdash;continuation of current trends; Managed Growth&mdash;adoption of an aggressive set of land-use management policies; and Unconstrained Growth&mdash;relaxation of land-use restrictions. The PSEPM focuses on nearshore environments associated with barrier and bluff-backed beaches&mdash;the most dominant shoreforms in Puget Sound&mdash;which represent 50 percent of Puget Sound shorelines by length. This report provides detailed methodologies for development of three submodels within the PSEPM&mdash;the Shellfish Pollution Model, the Beach Armoring Index, and the Recreation Visits Model. Results from the PSEPM identify where and when future changes to nearshore ecosystems and ecosystem services will likely occur within the three growth scenarios. Model outputs include maps that highlight shoreline sections where nearshore resources may be at greater risk from upland land-use changes. The background discussed in this report serves to document and supplement model results displayed on the PSEPM Web site located at http://geography.wr.usgs.gov/pugetSound/.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20111279","usgsCitation":"Byrd, K.B., Kreitler, J.R., and Labiosa, W.B., 2011, Tools and methods for evaluating and refining alternative futures for coastal ecosystem management&mdash;the Puget Sound Ecosystem Portfolio Model: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1279, vii, 47 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111279.","productDescription":"vii, 47 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116556,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2011_1279.gif"},{"id":101791,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1279/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Pudget Sound","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db69999a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Byrd, Kristin B. 0000-0002-5725-7486 kbyrd@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5725-7486","contributorId":3814,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Byrd","given":"Kristin","email":"kbyrd@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353493,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kreitler, Jason R. 0000-0002-0243-5281 jkreitler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0243-5281","contributorId":4050,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kreitler","given":"Jason","email":"jkreitler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353494,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Labiosa, William B.","contributorId":20445,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Labiosa","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353495,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70005940,"text":"sir20115146 - 2011 - Hydrogeology, chemical characteristics, and water sources and pathways in the zone of contribution of a public-supply well in San Antonio, Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-11T15:18:56","indexId":"sir20115146","displayToPublicDate":"2011-11-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-5146","title":"Hydrogeology, chemical characteristics, and water sources and pathways in the zone of contribution of a public-supply well in San Antonio, Texas","docAbstract":"<p>In 2001, the National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program of the U.S. Geological Survey initiated a series of studies on the transport of anthropogenic and natural contaminants (TANC) to public-supply wells (PSWs). The main goal of the TANC project was to better understand the source, transport, and receptor factors that control contaminant movement to PSWs in representative aquifers of the United States. Regional- and local-scale study areas were selected from within existing NAWQA study units, including the south-central Texas Edwards aquifer. The local-scale TANC study area, nested within the regional-scale NAWQA study area, is representative of the regional Edwards aquifer. The PSW selected for study is within a well field of six production wells. Although a single PSW was initially selected, because of constraints of well-field operation, samples were collected from different wells within the well field for different components of the study. Data collected from all of the well-field wells were considered comparable because of similar well construction, hydrogeology, and geochemistry. An additional 38 PSWs (mostly completed in the confined part of the aquifer) were sampled throughout the regional aquifer to characterize water quality. Two monitoring well clusters, with wells completed at different depths, were installed to the east and west of the well field (the Zarzamora and Timberhill monitoring well clusters, respectively). One of the monitoring wells was completed in the overburden to evaluate potential hydrologic connectivity with the Edwards aquifer. Geophysical and flowmeter logs were collected from one of the well-field PSWs to determine zones of contribution to the wellbore. These contributing zones, associated with different hydrogeologic units, were used to select monitoring well completion depths and groundwater sample collection depths for depth-dependent sampling. Depth-dependent samples were collected from the PSW from three different depths and under three different pumping conditions. Additionally, selected monitoring wells and one of the well-field PSWs were sampled several times in response to a rainfall and recharge event to assess short-term (event-scale) temporal variations in water quality. For comparison purposes, groundwater samples were categorized as being from regional aquifer PSWs, from the well field (wellhead samples), from the monitoring wells (excluding the overburden well), from the overburden well, from the PSW depth-dependent sampling, and from temporal sampling. Groundwater samples were analyzed for inorganic, organic, isotopic, and age-dating tracers to characterize geochemical conditions in the aquifer and provide understanding of the mechanisms of mobilization and movement of selected constituents from source areas to a PSW. Sources, tracers, and conditions used to assess water quality and processes affecting the PSW and the aquifer system included (1) carbonate host rock composition; (2) physicochemical constituents; (3) major and trace element concentrations; (4) saturation indices with respect to minerals in aquifer rocks; (5) elemental ratios, such as magnesium to calcium ratios, that are indicative of water-rock interaction processes; (6) oxidation-reduction conditions; (7) nutrient concentrations, in particular nitrate concentrations; (8) the isotopic composition of nitrate, which can point to specific nitrate sources; (9) strontium isotopes; (10) stable isotopes of hydrogen and oxygen; (11) organic contaminant concentrations, including pesticides and volatile organic compounds; (12) age tracers, apparent-age distribution, and dissolved gas data used in age interpretations; (13) depth-dependent water chemistry collected from the PSW under different pumping conditions to assess zones of contribution; and (14) temporal variability in groundwater composition from the PSW and selected monitoring wells in response to an aquifer recharge event. Geochemical results indicate that the well-field and monitoring well samples were largely representative of groundwater in the regional confined aquifer. Constituents of concern in the Edwards aquifer for the long-term sustainability of the groundwater resource include the nutrient nitrate and anthropogenic organic contaminants. Nitrate concentrations (as nitrogen) for regional aquifer PSWs had a median value of 1.9 milligrams per liter, which is similar to previously reported values for the regional aquifer. Nitrate-isotope compositions for groundwater samples collected from the well-field PSWs and monitoring wells had a narrow range, with values indicative of natural soil organic values. A comparison with historical nitrate-isotope values, however, suggests that a component of nitrate in groundwater from biogenic sources might have increased over the last 30 years. Several organic contaminants (the pesticide atrazine, its degradate deethylatrazine, trichloromethane (chloroform; a drinking-water disinfection byproduct), and the solvent tetrachloroethene (PCE)) were widely distributed throughout the regional aquifer and in the local-scale TANC study area at low concentrations (less than 1 microgram per liter). Higher concentrations of PCE were detected in samples from the well-field PSWs and Zarzamora monitoring wells relative to the regional aquifer PSWs. The urban environment is a likely source of contaminants to the aquifer, and these results indicate that one or more local urban sources might be supplying PCE to the Zarzamora monitoring wells and the well-field wells. Samples from the well field also had high concentrations of chloroform relative to the monitoring wells and regional aquifer PSWs. For samples from the regional aquifer PSWs, the most frequently detected organic contaminants generally decreased in concentration with increasing well depth. Deeper wells might intercept longer regional flow paths with higher fractions of older water or water recharged in rural recharge areas in the western part of the aquifer that have been less affected by anthropogenic contaminants. A scenario of hypothetical contaminant loading was evaluated by using results from groundwater-flow-model particle tracking to assess the response of the aquifer to potential contamination. Results indicate that the aquifer responds quickly (less than 1 year to several years) to contaminant loading; however, it takes a relatively long time (decades) for concentrations to reach peak values. The aquifer also responds quickly (less than 1 year to several years) to the removal of contaminant loading; however, it also takes a relatively long time (decades) to reach near background concentrations. Interpretation of geochemical age tracers in this well-mixed karst system was complicated by contamination of a majority of measured tracers and complexities of extensive mixing. Age-tracer results generally indicated that groundwater samples were composed of young, recently recharged water with piston-flow model ages ranging from less than 1 to 41 years, with a median of 17 years. Although a piston-flow model is typically not valid for karst aquifers, the model ages provide a basis for comparing relative ages of different samples and a reference point for more complex hydrogeologic models for apparent-age interpretations. Young groundwater ages are consistent with particle-tracking results from hydrogeologic modeling for the local-scale TANC study area. Age-tracer results compared poorly with other geochemical indicators of groundwater residence time and anthropogenic effects on water quality, indicating that hydrogeologic conceptual models used in groundwater age interpretations might not adequately account for mixing in this karst system. Groundwater samples collected from the well field under a variety of pumping conditions were relatively homogeneous and well mixed for numerous geochemical constituents (with the notable exception of age tracers). Groundwater contributions to the PSW were dominated by well-mixed, relatively homogeneous groundwater, typical of the regional confined aquifer. Zones of preferential flow were determined for the PSW, but groundwater samples from different stratigraphic units were not geochemically distinct. Variations in chemical constituents in response to a rainfall and aquifer recharge event occurred but were relatively minor in the PSW and monitoring wells. This observation is consistent with the hypothesis that the response to individual recharge events in the confined aquifer, unless intersecting conduit flow paths, might be attenuated by mixing processes along regional flow paths. Results of this study are consistent with the existing conceptual understanding of aquifer processes in this karst system and are useful for water-resource development and management practices.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20115146","collaboration":"U.S. Geological Survey National Water-Quality Assessment Program","usgsCitation":"Musgrove, M., Fahlquist, L., Stanton, G.P., Houston, N.A., and Lindgren, R.J., 2011, Hydrogeology, chemical characteristics, and water sources and pathways in the zone of contribution of a public-supply well in San Antonio, Texas: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5146, xii, 90 p.; Tables, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20115146.","productDescription":"xii, 90 p.; Tables","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116557,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2011_5146.png"},{"id":101793,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5146/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","city":"San Antonio","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -101,28.75 ], [ -101,30.75 ], [ -97.25,30.75 ], [ -97.25,28.75 ], [ -101,28.75 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2de4b07f02db61492f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Musgrove, MaryLynn","contributorId":34878,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Musgrove","given":"MaryLynn","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353502,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fahlquist, Lynne","contributorId":8810,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fahlquist","given":"Lynne","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353501,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stanton, Gregory P. 0000-0001-8622-0933 gstanton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8622-0933","contributorId":1583,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stanton","given":"Gregory","email":"gstanton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":353498,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Houston, Natalie A. 0000-0002-6071-4545 nhouston@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6071-4545","contributorId":1682,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Houston","given":"Natalie","email":"nhouston@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353500,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lindgren, Richard J. lindgren@usgs.gov","contributorId":1667,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lindgren","given":"Richard","email":"lindgren@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":353499,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70005926,"text":"sir20115181 - 2011 - Seasonal seepage investigation on an urbanized reach of the lower Boise River, southwestern Idaho, water year 2010","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:43","indexId":"sir20115181","displayToPublicDate":"2011-11-09T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-5181","title":"Seasonal seepage investigation on an urbanized reach of the lower Boise River, southwestern Idaho, water year 2010","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the Idaho Department of Water Resources Treasure Valley Comprehensive Aquifer Management Planning effort investigated seasonal groundwater gains and losses on the Boise River, Idaho, starting in November 2009 through August 2010. The investigation was conducted using seepage runs in 11 subreaches over a 14-mile reach from downstream of the inactive streamgage, Boise River below Diversion Dam (U.S. Geological Survey station No. 13203510) to the active Boise River at Glenwood Bridge streamgage (U.S. Geological Survey station No. 13206000). The seepage runs measured mainstem discharge, and significant tributary contributions and diversions along the reach. In addition, an evaluation of the groundwater hydraulic gradient was simultaneously conducted through shallow groundwater mini-piezometers adjacent to the river during February (low stream discharge) and May (high stream discharge) measurement timeframes.  November discharge estimates, representative of autumn, had gains and losses that varied by subreach with an overall net gain of 42 &plusmn; 8 cubic feet per second (ft<sup>3</sup>/s). This finding compares favorably to a previous U.S. Geological Survey seepage investigation in November 1996 that found a gaining reach with an estimated gain of 52 ft<sup>3</sup>/s. This finding also is supported by a U.S. Geological Survey investigation in the study reach in November 1971 that estimated a gain of 74 ft<sup>3</sup>/s, which largely came from groundwater. The February discharge estimates, representative of winter conditions, showed variability in the reach with a net gain of 52 ft<sup>3</sup>/s with an uncertainty estimate of &plusmn; 7 ft<sup>3</sup>/s, which is consistent with the low stream discharge findings from November 2009. This finding is further supported by the differential hydraulic head measured at transect sites that qualitatively indicated groundwater to surface-water movement with few exceptions. The May discharge estimates, representative of the spring-time conditions, were gaining or potentially gaining in all but one of the upper subreaches between Boise River below Diversion Dam and Boise River near MK Nature Center sites, with seepage run results supported by hydraulic head differentials indicating a groundwater to surface-water movement. The lower end of the study reach between Boise River near MK Nature Center and Boise River at Glenwood Bridge sites showed more variability with observed hydraulic head differentials that partially supported the potential gains or losses in the reach. Overall, the reach had a calculated net gain of 24 &plusmn; 51 ft<sup>3</sup>/s and, therefore, this estimate may or may not reflect the actual conditions in the reach. The groundwater gains and losses in August, representative of summer conditions, varied in both the upper and lower parts of the reach, with a net loss of -88 &plusmn; 69 ft<sup>3</sup>/s.  Overall, the reach experienced a net gain from groundwater at low stream discharges (November and February), a net loss to groundwater at moderately high stream discharge (August), and an ambiguous finding at a higher stream discharge (May). The hydraulic head differentials measured between the groundwater and surface water largely supported the calculated gain and loss estimates in the subreaches, with a potential for groundwater to surface-water movement at low stream discharge in February, and variability during high stream discharge conditions in May.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20115181","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Idaho Department of Water Resources","usgsCitation":"Williams, M.L., 2011, Seasonal seepage investigation on an urbanized reach of the lower Boise River, southwestern Idaho, water year 2010: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5181, iv, 24 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20115181.","productDescription":"iv, 24 p.","costCenters":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116688,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2011_5181.jpg"},{"id":101753,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5181/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"state":"Idaho","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abde4b07f02db673e0f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Williams, Marshall L. mlwilliams@usgs.gov","contributorId":1444,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"Marshall","email":"mlwilliams@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353477,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70003642,"text":"70003642 - 2011 - Projected evolution of California's San Francisco Bay-Delta-River System in a century of continuing climate change","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-30T12:45:36","indexId":"70003642","displayToPublicDate":"2011-11-09T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2980,"text":"PLoS ONE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Projected evolution of California's San Francisco Bay-Delta-River System in a century of continuing climate change","docAbstract":"<b>Background</b> Accumulating evidence shows that the planet is warming as a response to human emissions of greenhouse gases. Strategies of adaptation to climate change will require quantitative projections of how altered regional patterns of temperature, precipitation and sea level could cascade to provoke local impacts such as modified water supplies, increasing risks of coastal flooding, and growing challenges to sustainability of native species.  <b>Methodology/Principal Findings</b> We linked a series of models to investigate responses of California's San Francisco Estuary-Watershed (SFEW) system to two contrasting scenarios of climate change. Model outputs for scenarios of fast and moderate warming are presented as 2010&ndash;2099 projections of nine indicators of changing climate, hydrology and habitat quality. Trends of these indicators measure rates of: increasing air and water temperatures, salinity and sea level; decreasing precipitation, runoff, snowmelt contribution to runoff, and suspended sediment concentrations; and increasing frequency of extreme environmental conditions such as water temperatures and sea level beyond the ranges of historical observations.  <b>Conclusions/Significance</b> Most of these environmental indicators change substantially over the 21<sup>st</sup> century, and many would present challenges to natural and managed systems. Adaptations to these changes will require flexible planning to cope with growing risks to humans and the challenges of meeting demands for fresh water and sustaining native biota. Programs of ecosystem rehabilitation and biodiversity conservation in coastal landscapes will be most likely to meet their objectives if they are designed from considerations that include: (1) an integrated perspective that river-estuary systems are influenced by effects of climate change operating on both watersheds and oceans; (2) varying sensitivity among environmental indicators to the uncertainty of future climates; (3) inevitability of biological community changes as responses to cumulative effects of climate change and other drivers of habitat transformations; and (4) anticipation and adaptation to the growing probability of ecosystem regime shifts.","language":"English","publisher":"Public Library of Science","publisherLocation":"San Francisco, CA","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0024465","usgsCitation":"Cloern, J.E., Knowles, N., Brown, L.R., Cayan, D., Dettinger, M., Morgan, T., Schoellhamer, D., Stacey, M., van der Wegen, M., Wagner, R.W., and Jassby, A.D., 2011, Projected evolution of California's San Francisco Bay-Delta-River System in a century of continuing climate change: PLoS ONE, v. 6, no. 9, Article e24465; 13 p., https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0024465.","productDescription":"Article e24465; 13 p.","costCenters":[{"id":148,"text":"Branch of Regional Research-Western Region","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474899,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0024465","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":204285,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Estuary-watershed","volume":"6","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-09-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9ae4b07f02db65d95e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cloern, James E. 0000-0002-5880-6862 jecloern@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5880-6862","contributorId":1488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cloern","given":"James","email":"jecloern@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":348122,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Knowles, Noah 0000-0001-5652-1049 nknowles@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5652-1049","contributorId":1380,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knowles","given":"Noah","email":"nknowles@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":348121,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brown, Larry R. 0000-0001-6702-4531 lrbrown@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6702-4531","contributorId":1717,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"Larry","email":"lrbrown@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":348123,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cayan, Daniel","contributorId":17752,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cayan","given":"Daniel","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348125,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Dettinger, Michael D. 0000-0002-7509-7332","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7509-7332","contributorId":31743,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dettinger","given":"Michael D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348127,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Morgan, Tara L. 0000-0001-5632-5232","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5632-5232","contributorId":29124,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morgan","given":"Tara L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348126,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Schoellhamer, David H. 0000-0001-9488-7340 dschoell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9488-7340","contributorId":631,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schoellhamer","given":"David H.","email":"dschoell@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":348120,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Stacey, Mark T.","contributorId":13367,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stacey","given":"Mark T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348124,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"van der Wegen, Mick","contributorId":76455,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"van der Wegen","given":"Mick","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348130,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Wagner, R. Wayne","contributorId":40339,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wagner","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"Wayne","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348128,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Jassby, Alan D.","contributorId":66403,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jassby","given":"Alan","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348129,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}}
,{"id":70003670,"text":"70003670 - 2011 - Rapid cooling rates at an active mid-ocean ridge from zircon thermochronology","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-07T21:26:35.20802","indexId":"70003670","displayToPublicDate":"2011-11-09T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1427,"text":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Rapid cooling rates at an active mid-ocean ridge from zircon thermochronology","docAbstract":"<p><span>Oceanic spreading ridges are Earth's most productive crust generating environment, but mechanisms and rates of crustal accretion and heat loss are debated. Existing observations on cooling rates are ambiguous regarding the prevalence of conductive vs. convective cooling of lower oceanic crust. Here, we report the discovery and dating of zircon in mid-ocean ridge dacite lavas that constrain magmatic differentiation and cooling rates at an active spreading center. Dacitic lavas erupted on the southern Cleft segment of the Juan de Fuca ridge, an intermediate-rate spreading center, near the intersection with the Blanco transform fault. Their U–Th zircon crystallization ages (29.3</span><sub>−&nbsp;4.6</sub><sup>+&nbsp;4.8</sup><span>&nbsp;</span><span>ka; 1σ standard error s.e.) overlap with the (U–Th)/He zircon eruption age (32.7</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>±</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>1.6</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>ka) within uncertainty. Based on similar&nbsp;</span><sup>238</sup><span>U−</span><sup>230</sup><span>Th disequilibria between southern Cleft dacite glass separates and young mid-ocean ridge basalt (MORB) erupted nearby, differentiation must have occurred rapidly, within ~</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>10–20</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>ka at most. Ti-in-zircon thermometry indicates crystallization at 850–900</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>°C and pressures &gt;</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>70–150</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>MPa are calculated from H</span><sub>2</sub><span>O solubility models. These time-temperature constraints translate into a magma cooling rate of ~</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>2</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>×</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>10</span><sup>−&nbsp;2</sup><span>&nbsp;</span><span>°C/a. This rate is at least one order-of-magnitude faster than those calculated for zircon-bearing plutonic rocks from slow spreading ridges. Such short intervals for differentiation and cooling can only be resolved through uranium-series (</span><sup>238</sup><span>U–</span><sup>230</sup><span>Th) decay in young lavas, and are best explained by dissipating heat convectively at high crustal permeability.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.epsl.2010.12.022","usgsCitation":"Schmitt, A., Perfit, M.R., Rubin, K.H., Stockli, D.F., Smith, M.C., Cotsonika, L.A., Zellmer, G.F., and Ridley, W., 2011, Rapid cooling rates at an active mid-ocean ridge from zircon thermochronology: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 302, no. 3-4, p. 349-358, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2010.12.022.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"349","endPage":"358","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":204189,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","otherGeospatial":"Juan de Fuca ridge and the Blanco transform fault intersection","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -132.5830078125,\n              42.13082130188811\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.8046875,\n              42.13082130188811\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.8046875,\n              50.875311142200765\n            ],\n            [\n              -132.5830078125,\n              50.875311142200765\n            ],\n            [\n              -132.5830078125,\n              42.13082130188811\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"302","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a80e4b07f02db649443","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schmitt, Axel K.","contributorId":69287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmitt","given":"Axel K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348262,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Perfit, Michael R.","contributorId":29123,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perfit","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348260,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rubin, Kenneth H.","contributorId":90864,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rubin","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348264,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stockli, Daniel F.","contributorId":78073,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stockli","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348263,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Smith, Matthew C.","contributorId":32287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348261,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Cotsonika, Laurie A.","contributorId":98869,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cotsonika","given":"Laurie","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348266,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Zellmer, Georg F.","contributorId":93615,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zellmer","given":"Georg","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348265,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Ridley, W. Ian 0000-0001-6787-558X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6787-558X","contributorId":17269,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ridley","given":"W. Ian","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":348259,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70004694,"text":"70004694 - 2011 - Provenance and tectonic significance of the Palaeoproterozoic metasedimentary successions of central and nothern Madagascar","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-20T21:11:35.850169","indexId":"70004694","displayToPublicDate":"2011-11-09T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3112,"text":"Precambrian Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Provenance and tectonic significance of the Palaeoproterozoic metasedimentary successions of central and nothern Madagascar","docAbstract":"<p><span>New detrital zircon U–Pb age data obtained from various quartzite units of three spatially separated supracrustal packages in central and northern Madagascar, show that these units were deposited between 1.8 and 0.8</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>Ga and have similar aged provenances. The distribution of detrital zircon ages indicates an overwhelming contribution of sources with ages between 2.5 and 1.8</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>Ga. Possible source rocks with an age of 2.5</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>Ga are present in abundance in the crustal segments (Antananarivo, Antongil and Masora Domains) either side of a purported Neoproterozoic suture (“Betsimisaraka Suture Zone”). Recently, possible source rocks for the 1.8</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>Ga age peak have been recognised in southern Madagascar. All three supracrustal successions, as well as the Archaean blocks onto which they were emplaced, are intruded by mid-Neoproterozoic magmatic suites placing a minimum age on their deposition. The similarities in detrital pattern, maximum and minimum age of deposition in the three successions, lend some support to a model in which all of Madagascar's Archaean blocks form a coherent crustal entity (the Greater Dharwar Craton), rather than an amalgamate of disparate crustal blocks brought together only during Neoproterozoic convergence. However, potential source terranes exist outside Madagascar and on either side of the Neoproterozoic sutures, so that a model including a Neoproterozoic suture in Madagascar cannot be dispelled outright.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/j.precamres.2011.04.004","usgsCitation":"De Waele, B., Thomas, R., Macey, P., Horstwood, M.S., Tucker, R.D., Pitfield, P., Schofield, D.I., Goodenough, K.M., Bauer, W., Key, R.M., Potter, C., Armstrong, R.A., Miller, J.A., Randriamananjara, T., Ralison, V., Rafahatelo, J.M., Rabarimanana, M., and Bejoma, M., 2011, Provenance and tectonic significance of the Palaeoproterozoic metasedimentary successions of central and nothern Madagascar: Precambrian Research, v. 189, no. 1-2, p. 18-42, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.precamres.2011.04.004.","productDescription":"25 p.","startPage":"18","endPage":"42","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474901,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/14345/1/De_Waele_et_al.pdf","text":"External Repository"},{"id":204386,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Madagascar","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[49.54352,-12.46983],[49.80898,-12.89528],[50.05651,-13.55576],[50.21743,-14.75879],[50.47654,-15.22651],[50.37711,-15.70607],[50.20027,-16.00026],[49.86061,-15.41425],[49.67261,-15.7102],[49.86334,-16.45104],[49.77456,-16.87504],[49.49861,-17.10604],[49.43562,-17.95306],[49.04179,-19.11878],[48.54854,-20.49689],[47.93075,-22.3915],[47.54772,-23.78196],[47.09576,-24.94163],[46.28248,-25.17846],[45.40951,-25.60143],[44.83357,-25.3461],[44.03972,-24.98835],[43.76377,-24.46068],[43.69778,-23.57412],[43.34565,-22.7769],[43.25419,-22.05741],[43.4333,-21.33648],[43.89368,-21.16331],[43.89637,-20.83046],[44.37433,-20.07237],[44.4644,-19.43545],[44.23242,-18.96199],[44.04298,-18.33139],[43.96308,-17.40994],[44.31247,-16.8505],[44.44652,-16.21622],[44.94494,-16.17937],[45.50273,-15.97437],[45.87299,-15.79345],[46.31224,-15.78002],[46.88218,-15.21018],[47.70513,-14.5943],[48.00521,-14.09123],[47.86905,-13.66387],[48.29383,-13.78407],[48.84506,-13.08917],[48.86351,-12.48787],[49.19465,-12.04056],[49.54352,-12.46983]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Madagascar\"}}]}","volume":"189","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a91e4b07f02db6567c9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"De Waele, B.","contributorId":42004,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"De Waele","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351171,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thomas, Ronald J.","contributorId":25371,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Thomas","given":"Ronald J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351168,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Macey, P. H.","contributorId":103504,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Macey","given":"P. H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351181,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Horstwood, M. S. A.","contributorId":68971,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Horstwood","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"S. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351175,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Tucker, R. D.","contributorId":43409,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tucker","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351173,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Pitfield, P. E. J.","contributorId":16663,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pitfield","given":"P. E. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351165,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Schofield, D. I.","contributorId":101094,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schofield","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351179,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Goodenough, K. M.","contributorId":43182,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Goodenough","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351172,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Bauer, W.","contributorId":35424,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bauer","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351170,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Key, R. M.","contributorId":20991,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Key","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351167,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Potter, C. J. 0000-0002-2300-6670","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2300-6670","contributorId":89925,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Potter","given":"C. J.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":351178,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Armstrong, R. A.","contributorId":106351,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Armstrong","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351182,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Miller, J. A.","contributorId":77101,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Miller","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351176,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Randriamananjara, T.","contributorId":78948,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Randriamananjara","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351177,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Ralison, V.","contributorId":27326,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ralison","given":"V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351169,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Rafahatelo, J. M.","contributorId":18984,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rafahatelo","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351166,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Rabarimanana, M.","contributorId":47179,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rabarimanana","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351174,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Bejoma, M.","contributorId":101154,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bejoma","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":351180,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18}]}}
,{"id":70005002,"text":"70005002 - 2011 - Quantifying differences in the impact of variable chemistry on equilibrium uranium(VI) adsorption properties of aquifer sediments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-11T10:58:03","indexId":"70005002","displayToPublicDate":"2011-11-09T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Quantifying differences in the impact of variable chemistry on equilibrium uranium(VI) adsorption properties of aquifer sediments","docAbstract":"Uranium adsorption-desorption on sediment samples collected from the Hanford 300-Area, Richland, WA varied extensively over a range of field-relevant chemical conditions, complicating assessment of possible differences in equilibrium adsorption properties. Adsorption equilibrium was achieved in 500-1000 h although dissolved uranium concentrations increased over thousands of hours owing to changes in aqueous chemical composition driven by sediment-water reactions. A nonelectrostatic surface complexation reaction, >SOH + UO<sub>2</sub><sup>2+</sup> + 2CO<sub>3</sub><sup>2-</sup> = >SOUO<sub>2</sub>(CO<sub>3</sub>HCO<sub>3</sub>)<sup>2-</sup>, provided the best fit to experimental data for each sediment sample resulting in a range of conditional equilibrium constants (log<i>K</i><sup>c</sup>) from 21.49 to 21.76. Potential differences in uranium adsorption properties could be assessed in plots based on the generalized mass-action expressions yielding linear trends displaced vertically by differences in log<i>K</i><sup>c</sup> values. Using this approach, log<i>K</i><sup>c</sup> values for seven sediment samples were not significantly different. However, a significant difference in adsorption properties between one sediment sample and the fines (<0.063 mm) of another could be demonstrated despite the fines requiring a different reaction stoichiometry. Estimates of log<i>K</i><sup>c</sup> uncertainty were improved by capturing all data points within experimental errors. The mass-action expression plots demonstrate that applying models outside the range of conditions used in model calibration greatly increases potential errors.","language":"English","publisher":"ACS Publications","doi":"10.1021/es202677v","usgsCitation":"Stoliker, D., Kent, D.B., and Zachara, J.M., 2011, Quantifying differences in the impact of variable chemistry on equilibrium uranium(VI) adsorption properties of aquifer sediments: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 45, no. 20, p. 8733-8740, https://doi.org/10.1021/es202677v.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"8733","endPage":"8740","costCenters":[{"id":148,"text":"Branch of Regional Research-Western Region","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474902,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1021/es202677v","text":"Publisher Index 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Chemical Society (ACS)","authors":"Stoliker Deborah L., Kent Douglas B., Zachara John M.","journalName":"Environmental Science & Technology","publicationDate":"10/15/2011","auditedOn":"3/4/2016","publiclyAccessibleDate":"9/16/2011"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stoliker, Deborah L. dlstoliker@usgs.gov","contributorId":2954,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stoliker","given":"Deborah L.","email":"dlstoliker@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":351810,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kent, Douglas B. 0000-0003-3758-8322 dbkent@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3758-8322","contributorId":1871,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kent","given":"Douglas","email":"dbkent@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes 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,{"id":70005803,"text":"70005803 - 2011 - Constraints on the long‐period moment‐dip tradeoff for the Tohoku earthquake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-25T21:28:35.322581","indexId":"70005803","displayToPublicDate":"2011-11-09T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Constraints on the long‐period moment‐dip tradeoff for the Tohoku earthquake","docAbstract":"<p><span>Since the work of Kanamori and Given (1981), it has been recognized that shallow, pure dip‐slip earthquakes excite long‐period surface waves such that it is difficult to independently constrain the moment (</span><i>M</i><sub>0</sub><span>) and the dip (</span><i>δ</i><span>) of the source mechanism, with only the product&nbsp;</span><i>M</i><sub>0</sub><span>&nbsp;sin(2</span><i>δ</i><span>) being well constrained. Because of this, it is often assumed that the primary discrepancies between the moments of shallow, thrust earthquakes are due to this moment‐dip tradeoff. In this work, we quantify how severe this moment‐dip tradeoff is depending on the depth of the earthquake, the station distribution, the closeness of the mechanism to pure dip‐slip, and the quality of the data. We find that both long‐period Rayleigh and Love wave modes have moment‐dip resolving power even for shallow events, especially when stations are close to certain azimuths with respect to mechanism strike and when source depth is well determined. We apply these results to USGS W phase inversions of the recent M9.0 Tohoku, Japan earthquake and estimate the likely uncertainties in dip and moment associated with the moment‐ dip tradeoff. After discussing some of the important sources of moment and dip error, we suggest two methods for potentially improving this uncertainty.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1029/2011GL049129","usgsCitation":"Tsai, V., Hayes, G., and Duputel, Z., 2011, Constraints on the long‐period moment‐dip tradeoff for the Tohoku earthquake: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 38, no. 7, L00G17, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2011GL049129.","productDescription":"L00G17, 6 p.","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474898,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2011gl049129","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":204442,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Japan","state":"Tohoku","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              139.295654296875,\n              36.83566824724438\n            ],\n            [\n              142.108154296875,\n              36.83566824724438\n            ],\n            [\n              142.108154296875,\n              41.590796851056005\n            ],\n            [\n              139.295654296875,\n              41.590796851056005\n            ],\n            [\n              139.295654296875,\n              36.83566824724438\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"38","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-10-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afde4b07f02db697068","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tsai, Victor C. 0000-0003-1809-6672","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1809-6672","contributorId":87675,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tsai","given":"Victor C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353268,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hayes, Gavin P. 0000-0003-3323-0112","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3323-0112","contributorId":6157,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hayes","given":"Gavin P.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353266,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Duputel, Zacharie","contributorId":20462,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duputel","given":"Zacharie","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353267,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70005905,"text":"ofr20111283 - 2011 - Deposit model for closed-basin potash-bearing brines","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:16:02","indexId":"ofr20111283","displayToPublicDate":"2011-11-08T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-1283","title":"Deposit model for closed-basin potash-bearing brines","docAbstract":"Closed-basin potash-bearing brines are one of the types of potash deposits that are a source of potash production within the United States, as well as other countries. Though these deposits are of highly variable size, they are important sources of potash on a regional basis. In addition, these deposits have a high potential of co- and by-product production of one or more commodities such as lithium, boron, magnesium, and others.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20111283","usgsCitation":"Orris, G.J., 2011, Deposit model for closed-basin potash-bearing brines: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1283, iii, 11 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111283.","productDescription":"iii, 11 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":94691,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1283/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":116488,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2011_1283.png"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ab1e4b07f02db66eaab","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Orris, Greta J. 0000-0002-2340-9955 greta@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2340-9955","contributorId":3472,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Orris","given":"Greta","email":"greta@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":662,"text":"Western Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353452,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
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