In 2010, approximately 8,500 million gallons per day (Mgal/d) of water was withdrawn from groundwater and surface-water sources in Louisiana. Total groundwater withdrawals were about 1,600 Mgal/d, and total surfacewater withdrawals were about 7,000 Mgal/d. From 2005 to 2010, groundwater withdrawals in Louisiana increased by 1.8 percent, and surface-water withdrawals decreased by 19 percent. Total water withdrawals in Louisiana decreased by 17 percent from 2005 to 2010. Water withdrawal totals in Mgal/d in 2010 for various categories of use were as follows: public supply-750, industry-2,100, power generation-4,400, rural domestic-41, livestock-8.0, rice irrigation-690, general irrigation-240, and aquaculture-300. From 2005 to 2010, changes in withdrawals, in percent, for the categories of use were as follows: public supply increased by 3.7, industry decreased by 33, power generation decreased by 14, rural domestic decreased by 6.1, livestock was unchanged, rice irrigation decreased by 13, general irrigation increased by 17, and aquaculture increased by 12. Forty-one percent (about 650 Mgal/d) of all groundwater was withdrawn from the Chicot aquifer system, and 25 percent (about 390 Mgal/d) was withdrawn from the Mississippi River alluvial aquifer. Since 2005, withdrawals from the Chicot aquifer system decreased by 2.1 percent, and withdrawals from the Mississippi River alluvial aquifer increased by 2.7 percent. About 72 percent (5,000 Mgal/d) of all surface water withdrawn was from the Mississippi River mainstem. This value represents a 24 percent decrease in withdrawals from 2005 to 2010.
","language":"English","publisher":"Louisiana Department of Transportation and Development","publisherLocation":"Baton Rouge, LA","usgsCitation":"Sargent, B.P., 2011, Water Use in Louisiana, 2010 (Revised December 2012), vii, 136 p.","productDescription":"vii, 136 p.","numberOfPages":"145","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-034541","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":277231,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":277230,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://la.water.usgs.gov/publications/pdfs/WaterUse2010.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -94.0431,28.9210 ], [ -94.0431,33.0195 ], [ -88.817,33.0195 ], [ -88.817,28.9210 ], [ -94.0431,28.9210 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Revised December 2012","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"522747ebe4b01904cf5a81c8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sargent, B. Pierre 0000-0002-3967-9036 psargent@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3967-9036","contributorId":1228,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sargent","given":"B.","email":"psargent@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Pierre","affiliations":[{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":369,"text":"Louisiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":480480,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70199878,"text":"70199878 - 2011 - Input, calibration, uncertainty, and limitations of the basin characterization model: appendix three","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-02T10:25:12","indexId":"70199878","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T10:23:31","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Input, calibration, uncertainty, and limitations of the basin characterization model: appendix three","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Conceptual model of the Great Basic carbonate and alluvial aquifer system","language":"English","publisher":"US Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Flint, A.L., Flint, L.E., and Masbruch, M.D., 2011, Input, calibration, uncertainty, and limitations of the basin characterization model: appendix three, chap. of Conceptual model of the Great Basic carbonate and alluvial aquifer system, 20 p.","productDescription":"20 p.","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":358011,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c10c276e4b034bf6a7f1847","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Heilweil, Victor M. heilweil@usgs.gov","contributorId":837,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heilweil","given":"Victor","email":"heilweil@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":747107,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brooks, Lynette E. 0000-0002-9074-0939 lebrooks@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9074-0939","contributorId":2718,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brooks","given":"Lynette","email":"lebrooks@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":747108,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Flint, Alan L. 0000-0002-5118-751X aflint@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5118-751X","contributorId":1492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flint","given":"Alan","email":"aflint@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":747104,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Flint, Lorraine E. 0000-0002-7868-441X lflint@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7868-441X","contributorId":1184,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flint","given":"Lorraine","email":"lflint@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":747105,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Masbruch, Melissa D. 0000-0001-6568-160X mmasbruch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6568-160X","contributorId":1902,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Masbruch","given":"Melissa","email":"mmasbruch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":747106,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70198710,"text":"70198710 - 2011 - Hydrology and biogeochemistry linkages","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-29T09:44:23","indexId":"70198710","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T09:39:27","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Hydrology and biogeochemistry linkages","docAbstract":"This chapter provides an overview of the linkages between hydrology and biogeochemistry in terrestrial and aquatic systems. Selected topics include hydrological pathways on drainage basin slopes, mountain environments, within-river (or in-stream) processes, wetlands, groundwater (and groundwater–surface water interactions), and lakes. Beginning from catchment headwaters, This chapter introduces mechanisms delivering water from hillslopes to stream channels, highlighting the relative importance of biogeochemical processes along hydrological pathways. It considers processes affecting components of the water budget, including snow formation and ablation processes, and interactions with the soil below snow cover and during snowmelt. It presents the concept of nutrient spiraling and the importance of temperature and stream flow variability on biogeochemistry, as well as groundwater–surface water interactions through hyporheic and riparian zones. This chapter contrasts important processes in hydrologically isolated wetlands with those temporally connected to streams and rivers. It addresses stream and groundwater inputs, stratification, and within-lake processes, interactions with sediments, and a discussion about limiting nutrients. This chapter presents information about typical reactions controlled by hydrological pathways, lithology (mineralogy) and biota, the importance of residence time in biogeochemical evolution, and linkages between groundwater Acidic atmospheric deposition
Alina Reef is one of several thousand patch reefs that lie across the shallow carbonate platform seaward of Hawk Channel off the northern Florida Keys. The site is near the northern latitudinal fringe of the late Holocene western Atlantic coral reef distribution (Figure 1). The area is covered by calcareous sand and discontinuous Thalassia testudinum seagrass meadows and is studded with numerous scattered Holocene patch reefs. Most of the patch reefs are found in water depths of 2–9 m, are subcircular, elliptical, or irregular in plan view, and range up to about 8 m in vertical relief and 700 m in width. Coring has demonstrated thicknesses of 4.5–6 m and has revealed frameworks built by large, massive head corals.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Encyclopedia of modern coral reefs: Structure, form and process","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/978-90-481-2639-2_240","usgsCitation":"Brock, J., and Palaseanu-Lovejoy, M., 2011, Patch reefs: Lidar morphometric analysis, chap. of Encyclopedia of modern coral reefs: Structure, form and process, p. 785-789, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-2639-2_240.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"785","endPage":"789","ipdsId":"IP-016998","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":417245,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Alina Reef, Atlantic Ocean, Florida Keys, Hawk Channel","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -80.18954542289619,\n 25.415248591004698\n ],\n [\n -80.18954542289619,\n 25.382857620392258\n ],\n [\n -80.15300840793584,\n 25.382857620392258\n ],\n [\n -80.15300840793584,\n 25.415248591004698\n ],\n [\n -80.18954542289619,\n 25.415248591004698\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Hopley, David","contributorId":305582,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hopley","given":"David","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":873243,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Brock, John 0000-0002-5289-9332 jbrock@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5289-9332","contributorId":2261,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brock","given":"John","email":"jbrock@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":5061,"text":"National Cooperative Geologic Mapping and Landslide Hazards","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":873230,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Palaseanu-Lovejoy, Monica 0000-0002-3786-5118","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3786-5118","contributorId":305576,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Palaseanu-Lovejoy","given":"Monica","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":873231,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70118759,"text":"70118759 - 2011 - Distribution and abundance of saltcedar and Russian olive in the western United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-30T09:16:56","indexId":"70118759","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T09:15:26","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1346,"text":"Critical Reviews in Plant Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Distribution and abundance of saltcedar and Russian olive in the western United States","docAbstract":"Over the past century, two introduced Eurasian trees, saltcedar (Tamarix spp.) and Russian olive (Elaeagnus angustifolia) have become wide spread on western United States of American (U.S.) rivers. This paper reviews the literature on the following five key areas related to their distribution and abundance in the western United States: (1) the history of introduction, planting, and spread of saltcedar and Russian olive; (2) their current distribution; (3) their current abundance; (4) factors controlling their current distribution and abundance; and (5) models that have been developed to predict their future distribution and abundance. Saltcedar and Russian olive are now the third and fourth most frequently occurring woody riparian plants and the second and fifth most abundant species (out of 42 native and non-native species) along rivers in the western United States. Currently there is not a precise estimate of the areas that these species occupy in the entire West. Climatic variables are important determinants of their distribution and abundance. For example, saltcedar is limited by its sensitivity to hard freezes, whereas Russian olive appears to have a chilling requirement for bud break and seed germination, and can presumably survive colder winter temperatures. Either species can be dominant, co-dominant or sub-dominant relative to native species on a given river system. A number of environmental factors such as water availability, soil salinity, degree of stream flow regulation, and fire frequency can influence the abundance of these species relative to native species. Numerous studies suggest that both species have spread on western rivers primarily through a replacement process, whereby stress-tolerant species have moved into expanded niches that are no longer suitable for mesic native pioneer species. Better maps of current distribution and rigorous monitoring of distributional changes though time can help to resolve differences in predictions of potential future spread. An adequate understanding does not yet exist of what fraction of western riparian zones is resistant to dominance by either of these species, what fraction is at risk and could benefit from intervention, and what fraction has been altered to the point that saltcedar or Russian olive are most likely to thrive.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Critical Reviews in Plant Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Chemical Rubber Company Press","publisherLocation":"Boca Raton, FL","doi":"10.1080/07352689.2011.615689","usgsCitation":"Nagler, P.L., Glenn, E.P., Jarnevich, C.S., and Shafroth, P.B., 2011, Distribution and abundance of saltcedar and Russian olive in the western United States: Critical Reviews in Plant Science, v. 30, no. 6, p. 508-523, https://doi.org/10.1080/07352689.2011.615689.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"508","endPage":"523","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":291374,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":291373,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07352689.2011.615689"}],"volume":"30","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57fe7fd9e4b0824b2d147988","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nagler, Pamela L. 0000-0003-0674-103X pnagler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0674-103X","contributorId":1398,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nagler","given":"Pamela","email":"pnagler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":497171,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Glenn, Edward P.","contributorId":19289,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Glenn","given":"Edward","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":497174,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jarnevich, Catherine S. 0000-0002-9699-2336 jarnevichc@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9699-2336","contributorId":3424,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jarnevich","given":"Catherine","email":"jarnevichc@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":497173,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Shafroth, Patrick B. 0000-0002-6064-871X shafrothp@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6064-871X","contributorId":2000,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shafroth","given":"Patrick","email":"shafrothp@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":497172,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70118896,"text":"70118896 - 2011 - Valuation of rangeland ecosystem services","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-31T08:47:12","indexId":"70118896","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T08:45:32","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":18,"text":"Abstract or summary"},"title":"Valuation of rangeland ecosystem services","docAbstract":"Economic valuation lends itself well to the anthropocentric orientation of ecosystem services. An \neconomic perspective on ecosystems portrays them as natural assets providing a flow of goods and services \nvaluable to individuals and society collectively. A few examples include the purification of drinking water, \nreduced risk from flooding and other extreme events, pollination of agricultural crops, climate regulation, and \nrecreation opportunities from plant and animal habitat maintenance, among many others. Once these goods \nand services are identified and quantified, they can be monetized to complete the valuation process. The \nmonetization of ecosystem goods and services (in the form of dollars) provides a common metric that allows \nfor cross-comparison of attributes and evaluation of differing ecological scenarios.
\nComplicating the monetization process is the fact that most of these goods and services are public and \nnon-market in nature; meaning they are non-rival and non-exclusive and are typically not sold in a traditional \nmarket setting where monetary values are revealed. Instead, one must employ non-market valuation \ntechniques, with primary valuation methods typically being very time and resource consuming, intimidating to \nnon-economists, and often impractical. For these reasons, benefit transfer methods have gained popularity. \nThis methodology harnesses the primary collection results of existing studies to make inferences about the \neconomic values of non-market goods and services at an alternative policy site (in place and/or in time). For \ninstance, if a primary valuation study on oak reestablishment on rangelands in southern California yielded a \nvalue of $30 per-acre associated with water regulation, this result can be transferred, with some adjustments, \nto say something about the value of an acre of oaks on rangelands in northern portions of the state.
\nThe economic valuation of rangeland ecosystem services has many roles. Economic values may be \nused as input into analyzing the costs and benefits associated with policies being proposed, or possibly already \nimplemented. For example, with monetized values acting as a common metric, one could compare the \n'benefits' of converting a rangeland ecosystem for commercial development (perhaps estimated at the market \nvalue of the developed land) with the foregone ecosystem service values (in addition to any land income lost) \nresulting from that land conversion. Similarly, ecosystem service values can be used to determine the level of \nreturn on an investment. rhis is a primary objective for private land conservation organizations who typically \nhave very limited resources. Ecosystem service valuation can also have a role in damage assessments from \nincidents that require compensation such as oil spills. Additionally, valuation can be very informative when \ninvestigating regulatory programs that trade ecological assets such as wetland mitigation programs. Typically \nthese programs are based simply on an 'acre for acre' criterion, and do not take into consideration varying \nwelfare values associated with that ecosystem. Lastly, and most fundamental, ecosystem service valuation \nserves as a recognition tool for people of all backgrounds. Identifying and valuing ecosystem goods and \nservices on rangelands brings to light the value these natural assets have to human welfare that often remain \nhidden do to their public and non-market attributes. This type of recognition is vital to the preservation of \nrangeland ecosystems in the future and the many ecological benefits they provide.
","largerWorkTitle":"California Rangelands Policy and Research Dialogue","language":"English","publisher":"Stanford University","publisherLocation":"Palo Alto, CA","usgsCitation":"Gascoigne, W., 2011, Valuation of rangeland ecosystem services, in California Rangelands Policy and Research Dialogue.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":291437,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53db584be4b0fba533fa35bf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gascoigne, W.R.","contributorId":93400,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gascoigne","given":"W.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":497353,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70207066,"text":"70207066 - 2011 - Source apportionment of atmospheric trace gases and particulate matter--Comparison of log-ratio and traditional approaches","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-05T07:52:59","indexId":"70207066","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T07:42:30","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Source apportionment of atmospheric trace gases and particulate matter--Comparison of log-ratio and traditional approaches","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the 4th International Workshop on Compositional Data Analysis, Girona, Spain: International Center for Numerical Methods in Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"CODAWORK '11: 4th international workshop on compositional data analysis","conferenceLocation":" Girona, Spain","language":"English","isbn":"978-84-87867-76-7","usgsCitation":"Engle, M.A., Peucker-Ehrenbrink, B., Martin-Fernandez, J.M., Krabbenhoft, D.P., Lamothe, P.J., Bothner, M., Olea, R.A., Kolker, A., and Tate, M., 2011, Source apportionment of atmospheric trace gases and particulate matter--Comparison of log-ratio and traditional approaches, in Proceedings of the 4th International Workshop on Compositional Data Analysis, Girona, Spain: International Center for Numerical Methods in Engineering, Girona, Spain, 10 p.","productDescription":"10 p.","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":369943,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Engle, Mark A. 0000-0001-5258-7374 engle@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5258-7374","contributorId":584,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Engle","given":"Mark","email":"engle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":776727,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Peucker-Ehrenbrink, Bernhard 0000-0002-3819-992X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3819-992X","contributorId":78657,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peucker-Ehrenbrink","given":"Bernhard","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":776728,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Martin-Fernandez, Josep M.","contributorId":214785,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Martin-Fernandez","given":"Josep","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":28183,"text":"University of Girona","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":776729,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Krabbenhoft, David P. 0000-0003-1964-5020 dpkrabbe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1964-5020","contributorId":1658,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krabbenhoft","given":"David","email":"dpkrabbe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37464,"text":"WMA - Laboratory & Analytical Services Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":776730,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lamothe, Paul J. plamothe@usgs.gov","contributorId":1298,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lamothe","given":"Paul","email":"plamothe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":776731,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bothner, Michael H. mbothner@usgs.gov","contributorId":139855,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bothner","given":"Michael H.","email":"mbothner@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":776732,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Olea, Ricardo A. 0000-0003-4308-0808 rolea@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4308-0808","contributorId":208109,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olea","given":"Ricardo","email":"rolea@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":776733,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Kolker, Allan 0000-0002-5768-4533 akolker@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5768-4533","contributorId":643,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kolker","given":"Allan","email":"akolker@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":776734,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Tate, Michael T. 0000-0003-1525-1219 mttate@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1525-1219","contributorId":3144,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tate","given":"Michael T.","email":"mttate@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":776735,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70034511,"text":"70034511 - 2011 - Nutrient inputs to the Laurentian Great Lakes by source and watershed estimated using SPARROW watershed models","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-06T12:29:45","indexId":"70034511","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T07:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2529,"text":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nutrient inputs to the Laurentian Great Lakes by source and watershed estimated using SPARROW watershed models","docAbstract":"Nutrient input to the Laurentian Great Lakes continues to cause problems with eutrophication. To reduce the extent and severity of these problems, target nutrient loads were established and Total Maximum Daily Loads are being developed for many tributaries. Without detailed loading information it is difficult to determine if the targets are being met and how to prioritize rehabilitation efforts. To help address these issues, SPAtially Referenced Regressions On Watershed attributes (SPARROW) models were developed for estimating loads and sources of phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N) from the United States (U.S.) portion of the Great Lakes, Upper Mississippi, Ohio, and Red River Basins. Results indicated that recent U.S. loadings to Lakes Michigan and Ontario are similar to those in the 1980s, whereas loadings to Lakes Superior, Huron, and Erie decreased. Highest loads were from tributaries with the largest watersheds, whereas highest yields were from areas with intense agriculture and large point sources of nutrients. Tributaries were ranked based on their relative loads and yields to each lake. Input from agricultural areas was a significant source of nutrients, contributing ∼33-44% of the P and ∼33-58% of the N, except for areas around Superior with little agriculture. Point sources were also significant, contributing ∼14-44% of the P and 13-34% of the N. Watersheds around Lake Erie contributed nutrients at the highest rate (similar to intensively farmed areas in the Midwest) because they have the largest nutrient inputs and highest delivery ratio.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Water Resources Association","publisherLocation":"Herndon, VA","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.2011.00574.x","issn":"1093474X","usgsCitation":"Robertson, D.M., and Saad, D.A., 2011, Nutrient inputs to the Laurentian Great Lakes by source and watershed estimated using SPARROW watershed models: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 47, no. 5, p. 1011-1033, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2011.00574.x.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"1011","endPage":"1033","numberOfPages":"23","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475054,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3307632","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":243625,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215799,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2011.00574.x"}],"country":"Canada;United States","otherGeospatial":"Laurentian Great Lakes","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -92.11,41.4 ], [ -92.11,48.85 ], [ -76.3,48.85 ], [ -76.3,41.4 ], [ -92.11,41.4 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"47","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-08-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a693be4b0c8380cd73c12","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robertson, Dale M. 0000-0001-6799-0596 dzrobert@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6799-0596","contributorId":150760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robertson","given":"Dale","email":"dzrobert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":446147,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Saad, David A. dasaad@usgs.gov","contributorId":121,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Saad","given":"David","email":"dasaad@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":446148,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70156316,"text":"70156316 - 2011 - Identifying biogeochemical processes beneath stormwater infiltration ponds in support of a new best management practice for groundwater protection","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-04T10:50:48","indexId":"70156316","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T01:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Identifying biogeochemical processes beneath stormwater infiltration ponds in support of a new best management practice for groundwater protection","docAbstract":"When applying a stormwater infiltration pond best management practice (BMP) for protecting the quality of underlying groundwater, a common constituent of concern is nitrate. Two stormwater infiltration ponds, the SO and HT ponds, in central Florida, USA, were monitored. A temporal succession of biogeochemical processes was identified beneath the SO pond, including oxygen reduction, denitrification, manganese and iron reduction, and methanogenesis. In contrast, aerobic conditions persisted beneath the HT pond, resulting in nitrate leaching into groundwater. Biogeochemical differences likely are related to soil textural and hydraulic properties that control surface/subsurface oxygen exchange. A new infiltration BMP was developed and a full-scale application was implemented for the HT pond. Preliminary results indicate reductions in nitrate concentration exceeding 50% in soil water and shallow groundwater beneath the HT pond.
","largerWorkType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"largerWorkTitle":"GQ10 : Groundwater quality management in a rapidly changing world : proceedings of the seventh International groundwater quality conference held in Zurich, Switzerland, 13-18 June 2010","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"conferenceTitle":"GQ10: Groundwater quality management in a rapidly changing world","conferenceDate":"June 12-18 2010","conferenceLocation":"Zurich, Switzerland","language":"English","publisher":"International Association of Hydrological Sciences","publisherLocation":"Wallingford, England","isbn":"9781907161162 1907161163","usgsCitation":"O’Reilly, A.M., Chang, N., Wanielista, M.P., and Xuan, Z., 2011, Identifying biogeochemical processes beneath stormwater infiltration ponds in support of a new best management practice for groundwater protection, in GQ10 : Groundwater quality management in a rapidly changing world : proceedings of the seventh International groundwater quality conference held in Zurich, Switzerland, 13-18 June 2010, v. 342, Zurich, Switzerland, June 12-18 2010, p. 50-53.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"50","endPage":"53","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-020365","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":306959,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"342","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55d5a8b1e4b0518e3546a4c7","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Schirmer, Mario","contributorId":146654,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schirmer","given":"Mario","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":568657,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hoehn, Eduard","contributorId":146656,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hoehn","given":"Eduard","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":568658,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Vogt, Tobias","contributorId":146657,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vogt","given":"Tobias","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":568659,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"O’Reilly, Andrew M. 0000-0003-3220-1248 aoreilly@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3220-1248","contributorId":2184,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Reilly","given":"Andrew","email":"aoreilly@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":5051,"text":"FLWSC-Orlando","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":568652,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chang, Ni-Bin","contributorId":20205,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chang","given":"Ni-Bin","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12564,"text":"Department of Biology, University of Central Florida","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":568653,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wanielista, Martin P.","contributorId":62069,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wanielista","given":"Martin","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":12564,"text":"Department of Biology, University of Central Florida","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":568654,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Xuan, Zhemin","contributorId":48808,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Xuan","given":"Zhemin","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":568655,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70192960,"text":"70192960 - 2011 - Alteration of streamflow magnitudes and potential ecological consequences: A multiregional assessment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-12T18:19:15","indexId":"70192960","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1701,"text":"Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Alteration of streamflow magnitudes and potential ecological consequences: A multiregional assessment","docAbstract":"Human impacts on watershed hydrology are widespread in the US, but the prevalence and severity of stream-flow alteration and its potential ecological consequences have not been quantified on a national scale. We assessed streamflow alteration at 2888 streamflow monitoring sites throughout the conterminous US. The magnitudes of mean annual (1980–2007) minimum and maximum streamflows were found to have been altered in 86% of assessed streams. The occurrence, type, and severity of streamflow alteration differed markedly between arid and wet climates. Biological assessments conducted on a subset of these streams showed that, relative to eight chemical and physical covariates, diminished flow magnitudes were the primary predictors of biological integrity for fish and macroinvertebrate communities. In addition, the likelihood of biological impairment doubled with increasing severity of diminished streamflows. Among streams with diminished flow magnitudes, increasingly common fish and macroinvertebrate taxa possessed traits characteristic of lake or pond habitats, including a preference for fine-grained substrates and slow-moving currents, as well as the ability to temporarily leave the aquatic environment.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1890/100053","usgsCitation":"Carlisle, D.M., Wolock, D.M., and Meador, M.R., 2011, Alteration of streamflow magnitudes and potential ecological consequences: A multiregional assessment: Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, v. 9, no. 5, p. 264-270, https://doi.org/10.1890/100053.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"264","endPage":"270","ipdsId":"IP-011791","costCenters":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488747,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://zenodo.org/record/1236389","text":"External Repository"},{"id":348635,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"9","issue":"5","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-10-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a096bb3e4b09af898c94153","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carlisle, Daren M. 0000-0002-7367-348X dcarlisle@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7367-348X","contributorId":513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carlisle","given":"Daren","email":"dcarlisle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":717444,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wolock, David M. 0000-0002-6209-938X dwolock@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6209-938X","contributorId":540,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolock","given":"David","email":"dwolock@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":717445,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Meador, Michael R. 0000-0001-5956-3340 mrmeador@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5956-3340","contributorId":195592,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meador","given":"Michael","email":"mrmeador@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":717446,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70157933,"text":"70157933 - 2011 - Natural radium and radon tracers to quantify water exchange and movement in reservoirs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-05-13T18:18:35.832062","indexId":"70157933","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Natural radium and radon tracers to quantify water exchange and movement in reservoirs","docAbstract":"Radon and radium isotopes are routinely used to quantify exchange rates between different hydrologic reservoirs. Since their recognition as oceanic tracers in the 1960s, both radon and radium have been used to examine processes such as air-sea exchange, deep oceanic mixing, benthic inputs, and many others. Recently, the application of radon-222 and the radium-quartet (223,224,226,228Ra) as coastal tracers has seen a revelation with the growing interest in coastal groundwater dynamics. The enrichment of these isotopes in benthic fluids including groundwater makes both radium and radon ideal tracers of coastal benthic processes (e.g. submarine groundwater discharge). In this chapter we review traditional and recent advances in the application of radon and radium isotopes to understand mixing and exchange between various hydrologic reservoirs, specifically: (1) atmosphere and ocean, (2) deep and shallow oceanic water masses, (3) coastal groundwater/benthic pore waters and surface ocean, and (4) aquifer-lakes. While the isotopes themselves and their distribution in the environment provide qualitative information about the exchange processes, it is mixing/exchange and transport models for these isotopes that provide specific quantitative information about these processes. Brief introductions of these models and mixing parameters are provided for both historical and more recent studies.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Handbook of environmental isotope geochemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","publisherLocation":"Heidelberg [Germany]; New York","usgsCitation":"Smith, C.G., 2011, Natural radium and radon tracers to quantify water exchange and movement in reservoirs, chap. of Handbook of environmental isotope geochemistry, p. 345-365.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"345","endPage":"365","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-025686","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":308915,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"560bb6d9e4b058f706e53da3","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Baskaran, Mark","contributorId":87867,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Baskaran","given":"Mark","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7147,"text":"Wayne State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":574473,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Smith, Christopher G. 0000-0002-8075-4763 cgsmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8075-4763","contributorId":3410,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Christopher","email":"cgsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":574472,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70192887,"text":"70192887 - 2011 - The relative importance of physicochemical factors to stream biological condition in urbanizing basins: Evidence from multimodel inference","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-12T18:09:25","indexId":"70192887","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1699,"text":"Freshwater Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The relative importance of physicochemical factors to stream biological condition in urbanizing basins: Evidence from multimodel inference","docAbstract":"Many physicochemical factors potentially impair stream ecosystems in urbanizing basins, but few studies have evaluated their relative importance simultaneously, especially in different environmental settings. We used data collected in 25 to 30 streams along a gradient of urbanization in each of 6 metropolitan areas (MAs) to evaluate the relative importance of 11 physicochemical factors on the condition of algal, macroinvertebrate, and fish assemblages. For each assemblage, biological condition was quantified using 2 separate metrics, nonmetric multidimensional scaling ordination site scores and the ratio of observed/expected taxa, both derived in previous studies. Separate linear regression models with 1 or 2 factors as predictors were developed for each MA and assemblage metric. Model parsimony was evaluated based on Akaike’s Information Criterion for small sample size (AICc) and Akaike weights, and variable importance was estimated by summing the Akaike weights across models containing each stressor variable. Few of the factors were strongly correlated (Pearson |r| > 0.7) within MAs. Physicochemical factors explained 17 to 81% of variance in biological condition. Most (92 of 118) of the most plausible models contained 2 predictors, and generally more variance could be explained by the additive effects of 2 factors than by any single factor alone. None of the factors evaluated was universally important for all MAs or biological assemblages. The relative importance of factors varied for different measures of biological condition, biological assemblages, and MA. Our results suggest that the suite of physicochemical factors affecting urban stream ecosystems varies across broad geographic areas, along gradients of urban intensity, and among basins within single MAs.
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Based on this preliminary study, the U.S. Geological Survey re-established permanently flooded wetlands in fall 1997, with shallow water depths of 25 and 55 centimeters, to investigate the potential to reverse subsidence of delta islands by preserving and accumulating organic substrates over time. Ten years after flooding, elevation gains from organic matter accumulation in areas of emergent marsh vegetation ranged from almost 30 to 60 centimeters, with average annual carbon storage rates approximating 1 kg/m2, while areas without emergent vegetation cover showed no significant change in elevation. Differences in accretion rates within areas of emergent marsh vegetation appeared to result from temporal and spatial variability in hydrologic factors and decomposition rates in the wetlands rather than variability in primary production. Decomposition rates were related to differences in hydrologic conditions, including water temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen concentration, and availability of alternate electron acceptors. The study showed that marsh re-establishment with permanent, low energy, shallow flooding can limit oxidation of organic soils, thus, effectively turning subsiding land from atmospheric carbon sources to carbon sinks, and at the same time reducing flood vulnerability.
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Over the past three decades, nitrogen controls involving sources such as wastewater treatment plants, stormwater conveyance systems, fertilizer manufacturing and shipping operations, and power plants have been undertaken to meet these and other management objectives. Cumulatively, these controls have resulted in a 60% reduction in annual total nitrogen (TN) loads relative to earlier worse-case (latter 1970s) conditions. As a result, annual water-clarity and chlorophyll a targets are currently met in most years, and seagrass cover measured in 2008 was the highest recorded since 1950.
Factors that have contributed to the observed improvements in Tampa Bay over the past several decades include the following: (1) Development of numeric, science-based water-quality targets to meet a long-term goal of restoring seagrass acreage to 1950s levels. Empirical and mechanistic models found that annual average chlorophyll a concentrations were a primary manageable factor affecting light attenuation. The models also quantified relationships between TN loads, chlorophyll a concentrations, light attenuation, and fluctuations in seagrass cover. The availability of long-term monitoring data, and a systematic process for using the data to evaluate the effectiveness of management actions, has allowed managers to track progress and make adaptive changes when needed. (2) Citizen involvement, that is, the initial reductions in TN loads, which occurred in the late 1970s and early 1980s, was a result of state regulations that were developed in response to citizens’ call for action. Improved water clarity and better fishing and swimming conditions were identified as primary goals by citizens again in the early 1990s, and led to development of numeric water-quality targets and seagrass restoration goals. More recent citizen actions, from pet waste campaigns to support of reductions in residential fertilizer use, are important elements of the nitrogen management strategy. (3) Collaborative actions, that is, in addition to numerous other collaborative ventures that have benefitted Tampa Bay, the public/private Nitrogen Management Consortium, which includes more than 40 participating organizations, has implemented over 250 nutrient-reduction projects. These projects have addressed stormwater treatment, fertilizer manufacturing and shipping, agricultural practices, reclaimed water use, and atmospheric emissions from local power stations, providing more than 300 tons of TN load reductions since 1995. (4) State and federal regulatory programs, that is, regulatory requirements, such as state statutes and rules requiring compliance with advanced wastewater treatment standards by municipal sewerage works, have played a key role in Tampa Bay management efforts. The technical basis and implementation plan of the Tampa Bay nitrogen management strategy have been developed in cooperation with state and federal regulatory agencies, and the strategy has been recognized by them as an appropriate tool for meeting water-quality standards, including federally mandated total maximum daily loads.
Subsequent management efforts have focused on maintaining and extending those improvements in Tampa Bay’s environmental resources by addressing water and sediment quality and habitat protection and restoration. Implementation of a collaborative, watershed-based management process, driven by an integrated science approach, has played a central role in supporting progress toward the achievement of science-based estuary management goals.
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Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":570862,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70036612,"text":"70036612 - 2011 - A buoyant plume adjacent to a headland-Observations of the Elwha River plume","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-29T18:14:42.641153","indexId":"70036612","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1333,"text":"Continental Shelf Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A buoyant plume adjacent to a headland-Observations of the Elwha River plume","docAbstract":"Small rivers commonly discharge into coastal settings with topographic complexities – such as headlands and islands – but these settings are underrepresented in river plume studies compared to more simplified, straight coasts. The Elwha River provides a unique opportunity to study the effects of coastal topography on a buoyant plume, because it discharges into the Strait of Juan de Fuca on the western side of its deltaic headland. Here we show that this headland induces flow separation and transient eddies in the tidally dominated currents (O(100 cm/s)), consistent with other headlands in oscillatory flow. These flow conditions are observed to strongly influence the buoyant river plume, as predicted by the “small-scale” or “narrow” dynamical classification using Garvine's (1995) system. Because of the transient eddies and the location of the river mouth on the headland, flow immediately offshore of the river mouth is directed eastward twice as frequently as it is westward. This results in a buoyant plume that is much more frequently “bent over” toward the east than the west. During bent over plume conditions, the plume was attached to the eastern shoreline while having a distinct, cuspate front along its westernmost boundary. The location of the front was found to be related to the magnitude and direction of local flow during the preceding O(1 h), and increases in alongshore flow resulted in deeper freshwater mixing, stronger baroclinic anomalies, and stronger hugging of the coast. During bent over plume conditions, we observed significant convergence of river plume water toward the frontal boundary within 1 km of the river mouth. These results show how coastal topography can strongly influence buoyant plume behavior, and they should assist with understanding of initial coastal sediment dispersal pathways from the Elwha River during a pending dam removal project.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.csr.2010.11.007","issn":"02784343","usgsCitation":"Warrick, J.A., and Stevens, A.W., 2011, A buoyant plume adjacent to a headland-Observations of the Elwha River plume: Continental Shelf Research, v. 31, no. 2, p. 85-97, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csr.2010.11.007.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"85","endPage":"97","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":245573,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":217616,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.csr.2010.11.007"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Elwha River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123.68957519531251,\n 47.87214396888731\n ],\n [\n -123.24462890625,\n 47.87214396888731\n ],\n [\n -123.24462890625,\n 48.188063481211415\n ],\n [\n -123.68957519531251,\n 48.188063481211415\n ],\n [\n -123.68957519531251,\n 47.87214396888731\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"31","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e333e4b0c8380cd45e98","chorus":{"doi":"10.1016/j.csr.2010.11.007","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.csr.2010.11.007","publisher":"Elsevier BV","authors":"Warrick Jonathan A., Stevens Andrew W.","journalName":"Continental Shelf Research","publicationDate":"2/2011"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Warrick, Jonathan A. 0000-0002-0205-3814 jwarrick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0205-3814","contributorId":167736,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warrick","given":"Jonathan","email":"jwarrick@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":457003,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stevens, Andrew W. 0000-0003-2334-129X astevens@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2334-129X","contributorId":139313,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stevens","given":"Andrew","email":"astevens@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":457002,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70034674,"text":"70034674 - 2011 - Organic sedimentary deposits in Titan's dry lakebeds: Probable evaporite","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-14T11:45:50.24159","indexId":"70034674","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1963,"text":"Icarus","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Organic sedimentary deposits in Titan's dry lakebeds: Probable evaporite","docAbstract":"We report the discovery of organic sedimentary deposits at the bottom of dry lakebeds near Titan’s north pole in observations from the Cassini Visual and Infrared Mapping Spectrometer (VIMS). We show evidence that the deposits are evaporitic, making Titan just the third known planetary body with evaporitic processes after Earth and Mars, and is the first that uses a solvent other than water.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.icarus.2011.08.022","issn":"00191035","usgsCitation":"Barnes, J.W., Bow, J., Schwartz, J., Brown, R.H., Soderblom, J., Hayes, A., Vixie, G., Le Mouelic, S., Rodriguez, S., Sotin, C., Jaumann, R., Stephan, K., Soderblom, L., Clark, R.N., Buratti, B.J., Baines, K.H., and Nicholson, P.D., 2011, Organic sedimentary deposits in Titan's dry lakebeds: Probable evaporite: Icarus, v. 216, no. 1, p. 136-140, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2011.08.022.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"136","endPage":"140","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":243665,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"216","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6fdae4b0c8380cd75ce2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barnes, J. 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An important question facing the state—in terms of protecting the public and formulating water management responses to climate change—is “how might future climate changes affect flood characteristics in California?” To help address this, we simulate floods on the western slopes of the Sierra Nevada Mountains, the state’s primary catchment, based on downscaled daily precipitation and temperature projections from three General Circulation Models (GCMs). These climate projections are fed into the Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC) hydrologic model, and the VIC-simulated streamflows and hydrologic conditions, from historical and from projected climate change runs, allow us to evaluate possible changes in annual maximum 3-day flood magnitudes and frequencies of floods. By the end of the 21st Century, all projections yield larger-than-historical floods, for both the Northern Sierra Nevada (NSN) and for the Southern Sierra Nevada (SSN). The increases in flood magnitude are statistically significant (at p <= 0.01) for all the three GCMs in the period 2051–2099. The frequency of flood events above selected historical thresholds also increases under projections from CNRM CM3 and NCAR PCM1 climate models, while under the third scenario, GFDL CM2.1, frequencies remain constant or decline slightly, owing to an overall drying trend. These increases appear to derive jointly from increases in heavy precipitation amount, storm frequencies, and days with more precipitation falling as rain and less as snow. Increases in antecedent winter soil moisture also play a role in some areas. Thus, a complex, as-yet unpredictable interplay of several different climatic influences threatens to cause increased flood hazards in California’s complex western Sierra landscapes.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Link","doi":"10.1007/s10584-011-0298-z","issn":"01650009","usgsCitation":"Das, T., Dettinger, M.D., Cayan, D., and Hidalgo, H., 2011, Potential increase in floods in California's Sierra Nevada under future climate projections: Climatic Change, v. 109, no. SUPPL. 1, p. 71-94, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-011-0298-z.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"71","endPage":"94","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":487253,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs10584-011-0298-z","text":"External Repository"},{"id":243019,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215230,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10584-011-0298-z"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -120.0146484375,\n 41.96765920367816\n ],\n [\n -122.6953125,\n 42.032974332441405\n ],\n [\n -122.82714843749999,\n 39.605688178320804\n ],\n [\n -122.16796875,\n 38.51378825951165\n ],\n [\n -120.0146484375,\n 36.94989178681327\n ],\n [\n -118.564453125,\n 37.996162679728116\n ],\n [\n -120.0146484375,\n 38.85682013474361\n ],\n [\n -120.0146484375,\n 41.96765920367816\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"109","issue":"SUPPL. 1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-11-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7f43e4b0c8380cd7aa11","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Das, T.","contributorId":99383,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Das","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450453,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dettinger, M. D. 0000-0002-7509-7332","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7509-7332","contributorId":93069,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dettinger","given":"M.","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":16196,"text":"Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":450452,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cayan, D.R.","contributorId":25961,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cayan","given":"D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16196,"text":"Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":450450,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hidalgo, H.G.","contributorId":81229,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hidalgo","given":"H.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450451,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70043476,"text":"70043476 - 2011 - Swimming and other activities: applied aspects of fish swimming performance","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-06-21T15:53:12","indexId":"70043476","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Swimming and other activities: applied aspects of fish swimming performance","docAbstract":"Human activities such as hydropower development, water withdrawals, and commercial fisheries often put fish species at risk. Engineered solutions designed to protect species or their life stages are frequently based on assumptions about swimming performance and behaviors. In many cases, however, the appropriate data to support these designs are either unavailable or misapplied. This article provides an overview of the state of knowledge of fish swimming performance – where the data come from and how they are applied – identifying both gaps in knowledge and common errors in application, with guidance on how to avoid repeating mistakes, as well as suggestions for further study.
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C., flowing toward you at 30 miles per hour. No, this is not some hypothetical physics problemit is a real river, carrying more water than 7-15 Mississippi Rivers combined. But it is not on land. It's a river of water vapor in the atmosphere. Atmospheric rivers (ARs) are narrow corridors of water vapor transport in the lower atmosphere that traverse long swaths of the Earth's surface as they bind together the atmospheric water cycle (Figure 1). The characteristic (indeed defining) dimensions of these ARs are (1) integrated water vapor (IWV) concentrations such that if all the vapor in the atmospheric column were condensed into liquid water, the result would be a layer 2 or more centimeters thick; (2) wind speeds of greater than 12.5 meters per second in the lowest 2 kilometers; and (3) a shape that is long and narrow, no more than 400-500 kilometers wide, and extending for thousands of kilometers, sometimes across entire ocean basins.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2011EO320001","issn":"00963941","usgsCitation":"Ralph, F., and Dettinger, M.D., 2011, Storms, floods, and the science of atmospheric rivers: Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, v. 92, no. 32, p. 265-266, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011EO320001.","startPage":"265","endPage":"266","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":488022,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2011eo320001","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":246407,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":218405,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2011EO320001"}],"volume":"92","issue":"32","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-08-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9887e4b08c986b31c082","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ralph, F.M.","contributorId":39174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ralph","given":"F.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455721,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dettinger, M. 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The physical conditions (waves, currents, and winds) within and acting upon the proximal coastal ocean during these winter storms strongly influence dispersal patterns. We examined this river–ocean temporal coherence for four coastal river–shelf systems of the US West Coast (Umpqua, Eel, Salinas, and Santa Clara) to evaluate whether specific ocean conditions occur during floods that may influence coastal dispersal of sediment. Eleven years of corresponding river discharge, wind, and wave data were obtained for each river–shelf system from USGS and NOAA historical records, and each record was evaluated for seasonal and event-based patterns. Because near-bed shear stresses due to waves influence sediment resuspension and transport, we used spectral wave data to compute and evaluate wave-generated bottom-orbital velocities. The highest values of wave energy and discharge for all four systems were consistently observed between October 15 and March 15, and there were strong latitudinal patterns observed in these data with lower discharge and wave energies in the southernmost systems. During floods we observed patterns of river–ocean coherence that differed from the overall seasonal patterns. For example, downwelling winds generally prevailed during floods in the northern two systems (Umpqua and Eel), whereas winds in the southern systems (Salinas and Santa Clara) were generally downwelling before peak discharge and upwelling after peak discharge. Winds not associated with floods were generally upwelling on all four river–shelf systems. Although there are seasonal variations in river–ocean coherence, waves generally led floods in the three northern systems, while they lagged floods in the Santa Clara. Combined, these observations suggest that there are consistent river–ocean coherence patterns along the US West Coast during winter storms and that these patterns vary substantially with latitude. These results should assist with future evaluations of flood plume formation and sediment fate along this coast.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.csr.2011.01.012","issn":"02784343","usgsCitation":"Kniskern, T.A., Warrick, J.A., Farnsworth, K., Wheatcroft, R.A., and Goni, M., 2011, Coherence of river and ocean conditions along the US West Coast during storms: Continental Shelf Research, v. 31, no. 7-8, p. 789-805, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csr.2011.01.012.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"789","endPage":"805","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":243799,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215962,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.csr.2011.01.012"}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Oregon","otherGeospatial":"The Umpqua, Eel, Salinas, and Santa Clara","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -119.970703125,\n 41.77131167976407\n ],\n [\n -116.3671875,\n 42.032974332441405\n ],\n [\n -116.806640625,\n 46.01222384063236\n ],\n [\n -123.92578125,\n 46.01222384063236\n ],\n [\n -124.892578125,\n 41.77131167976407\n ],\n [\n -124.27734374999999,\n 39.70718665682654\n ],\n [\n -121.728515625,\n 36.24427318493909\n ],\n [\n -120.41015624999999,\n 33.94335994657882\n ],\n [\n -117.861328125,\n 33.50475906922609\n ],\n [\n -117.333984375,\n 32.47269502206151\n ],\n [\n -114.2578125,\n 32.76880048488168\n ],\n [\n -114.2578125,\n 34.813803317113155\n ],\n [\n -120.05859375,\n 39.095962936305476\n ],\n [\n -119.970703125,\n 41.77131167976407\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"31","issue":"7-8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f7a3e4b0c8380cd4cc11","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kniskern, T. 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There are multiple complexities in separating the two signals, including knowledge of the local solar incidence angle due to topography, phase angle dependencies, emissivity, and instrument calibration. Thermal emission adds to apparent reflectance, and because the emission's contribution increases over the reflected sunlight with increasing wavelength, absorption bands in the lunar reflectance spectra can be modified. In particular, the shape of the 2 μm pyroxene band can be distorted by thermal emission, changing spectrally determined pyroxene composition and abundance. Because of the thermal emission contribution, water and hydroxyl absorptions are reduced in strength, lowering apparent abundances. It is important to quantify and remove the thermal emission for these reasons. We developed a method for deriving the temperature and emissivity from spectra of the lunar surface and removing the thermal emission in the near infrared. 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","language":"English","publisher":"AGU","doi":"10.1029/2010JE003751","usgsCitation":"Clark, R.N., Pieters, C.M., Green, R.O., Boardman, J., and Petro, N.E., 2011, Thermal removal from near-infrared imaging spectroscopy data of the Moon: Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets, v. 116, no. E6, p. 1-9, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JE003751.","productDescription":"Article E00G16; 9 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"9","ipdsId":"IP-024909","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":487003,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2010je003751","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":343133,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"116","issue":"E6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-06-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"595611c7e4b0d1f9f05067ed","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clark, Roger N. 0000-0002-7021-1220 rclark@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7021-1220","contributorId":515,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"Roger","email":"rclark@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":702540,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pieters, Carle M.","contributorId":193891,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pieters","given":"Carle","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":702541,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Green, Robert O.","contributorId":193910,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Green","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":702545,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Boardman, J.W.","contributorId":106301,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boardman","given":"J.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":702542,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Petro, Noah E.","contributorId":193909,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Petro","given":"Noah","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":702544,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14}]}} ,{"id":70189217,"text":"70189217 - 2011 - Fluorescent microspheres as surrogates in evaluating the efficacy of riverbank filtration for removing Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts and other pathogens","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-29T09:52:55","indexId":"70189217","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"displayTitle":"Fluorescent microspheres as surrogates in evaluating the efficacy of riverbank filtration for removing Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts and other pathogens","title":"Fluorescent microspheres as surrogates in evaluating the efficacy of riverbank filtration for removing Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts and other pathogens","docAbstract":"A major benefit of riverbank filtration (RBF) is that it provides a relatively effective means for pathogen removal. There is a need to conduct more injection-and-recovery transport studies at operating RBF sites in order to properly assess the combined effects of the site heterogeneities and ambient physicochemical conditions, which are difficult to replicate in the lab. For field transport studies involving pathogens, there is considerable interest in using fluorescent carboxylated microspheres (FCM) as surrogates, because they are chemically inert, negatively charged, easy to detect, available in a wide variety of sizes, and have been found to be nonhazardous in tracer applications. Although there have been a number of in-situ studies comparing the subsurface transport behaviors of FCM to those of bacteria and viruses, much less is known about their suitability for investigations of protozoa. Oocysts of the intestinal protozoan pathogen Cryptosporidium spp are of particular concern for many RBF operations because of their ubiquity and persistence in rivers and high resistance to chlorine disinfection. Although microspheres often have proven to be less-than-ideal analogs for capturing the abiotic transport behavior of viruses and bacteria, there is encouraging recent evidence regarding use of FCM as surrogates for C. parvum oocysts. This chapter discusses the potential of fluorescent microspheres as safe and easy-to-detect surrogates for evaluating the efficacy of RBF operations for removing pathogens, particularly Cryptosporidium, from source waters at different points along the flow path.
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