The value of graphical methods for expressing relative quantities has been well established in all kinds of statistical exposition and discussion. Their use in conveying definite conceptions of relative quantities of chemical and mineral components of rocks is becoming more and more frequent, and the value of the results in some cases can not be overestimated. This is especially true when a series or group of rocks is being considered. The intricate variations in the amounts of numerous mineral components, or of chemical components, baffle most attempts to comprehend their interrelationships by simple contemplation or by study of the numbers in which they may be expressed. Many facts and relations are overlooked which arc readily observed when diagrams are used to represent numerical figures. Moreover, visual memory is sufficiently developed in most persons to enable them to carry in mind simple geometrical forms, where it does not permit them to recollect manifold assemblages of oft-repeated numbers. Mental impressions of simple diagrams are, therefore, more definite and lasting and enable the student to store up a much greater amount of quantitative data than he could otherwise acquire.
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1903 - Report of progress of stream measurements for the calendar year 1902, Part IV, Interior Basin, Pacific coast, and Hudson Bay drainage","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:33","indexId":"wsp85","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1903","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85","title":"Report of progress of stream measurements for the calendar year 1902, Part IV, Interior Basin, Pacific coast, and Hudson Bay drainage","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp85","usgsCitation":"Newell, F.H., 1903, Report of progress of stream measurements for the calendar year 1902, Part IV, Interior Basin, Pacific coast, and Hudson Bay drainage: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 85, 250 v. :ill. ;23 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp85.","productDescription":"250 v. :ill. ;23 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":139121,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/0085/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":28362,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/0085/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a5ee4b07f02db633ebc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Newell, Frederick Haynes","contributorId":30963,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Newell","given":"Frederick","email":"","middleInitial":"Haynes","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145119,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":36266,"text":"b210 - 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It is designed mainly to furnish information in relation to the geologic structure and the prospects for underground waters. A general account will also be given of the surface waters and their present and prospective use for irrigation, etc. The region is the portion of Nebraska lying west of the one hundred and third meridian, comprising Sioux, Scotts Bluff, Banner, and Kimball counties, the western portions of Cheyenne and Boxbutte counties, and the central and western portion of Dawes County; in all, an area of 7,400 square miles, adjoined on the west by Wyoming, on the north by South Dakota, and on the south by Colorado. It lies on the Great Plains south of the Black Hills of South Dakota. The Scotts Bluff, Banner, and Cheyenne counties areas were· examined in detail, but time did not permit more than a general reconnaissance of the adjoining regions. I was assisted by Mr. C. A. Fisher, who obtained the data for the greater part of Kimball and Boxbutte counties. For several months I was accompanied by Prof. E. H. Barbour, the acting State geologist of Nebraska, who did much to further the progress of the work.
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Not only was the discharge the largest recorded, but the flood was the most destructive to life and property in the settlements ever known along the valley.
In the following pages it is proposed to outline the history of this flood, describe the conditions under which it occurred, give the estimated volume of its discharge, and indicate as well as possible the nature and extent of the damage resulting from it.
The data and information embodied in the following report were obtained by personal observation while the flood was in progress and after it had subsided and from various water companies, manufacturers, and residents of the flooded areas. Acknowledgments are especially due to Mr. J. II. Cook, of Paterson, engineer for the Society for the Establishment of Useful Manufactures; to Mr. M. R. Sherred, engineer of the water department of the Newark board of public works; to Mr. R. M. Watson, of Wise & Watson, engineers of Passaic; to Mr. C. C. Vermeule, from whose valuable report on the water supply of New Jersey much data have been taken regarding the physical condition of the watersheds, and to others whose help or suggestions have been of value.
As the region under discussion, though comparatively restricted, is an important one owing to its dense population and rapidly increasing industrial development, and as the physical and physiographie conditions governing high-water stages on the Passaic watershed are peculiar, it is deemed necessary for a full understanding of the present flood to describe briefly their most important, features.
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