{"pageNumber":"737","pageRowStart":"18400","pageSize":"25","recordCount":40783,"records":[{"id":70005765,"text":"sir20115170 - 2011 - Bathymetric surveys at highway bridges crossing the Missouri and Mississippi Rivers near St. Louis, Missouri, 2010","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:41","indexId":"sir20115170","displayToPublicDate":"2011-10-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-5170","title":"Bathymetric surveys at highway bridges crossing the Missouri and Mississippi Rivers near St. Louis, Missouri, 2010","docAbstract":"Bathymetric surveys were conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Missouri Department of Transportation, on the Missouri and Mississippi Rivers in the vicinity of 12 bridges at 7 highway crossings near St. Louis, Missouri, in October 2010. A multibeam echo sounder mapping system was used to obtain channel-bed elevations for river reaches ranging from 3,280 to 4,590 feet long and extending across the active channel of the Missouri and Mississippi Rivers. These bathymetric scans provide a snapshot of the channel conditions at the time of the surveys and provide characteristics of scour holes that may be useful in the development of predictive guidelines or equations for scour holes. These data also may be used by the Missouri Department of Transportation to assess the bridges for stability and integrity issues with respect to bridge scour.\nBathymetric data were collected around every pier that was in water, except those at the edge of water or in extremely shallow water, and one pier that was surrounded by a large debris raft. Scour holes were present at most piers for which bathymetry could be obtained, and ranged from 0 to 16 feet deep except at piers on channel banks or those near or embedded in rock dikes. Scour holes observed at the surveyed bridges were examined with respect to frontal slope and shape, and scour holes near railroad bridges in the vicinity of the highway bridges also were examined. Although exposure of parts of foundational support elements was observed at several piers, the exposure likely can be considered minimal compared to the overall substructure that remains buried at these piers.\nAt piers with well-defined scour holes, the frontal slopes of the holes ranged from 1.70 to 2.94 feet per foot (computed as run over rise), which were similar to recommended values in the literature (generally ranging from 1.0 to 2.0), and the shapes of the scour holes were not substantially affected by the movement of sand waves into the holes. Spur dikes near several of the piers caused localized flow disturbances that caused the resultant scour holes to display characteristics of skewed approach flow. The channel bed in the 2010 surveys was as much as 16 feet lower than the channel bed at the time of construction at the two oldest surveyed bridges, and the range varied with age of the structure, indicating the channel-bed elevations have lowered with time. However, other research has indicated the extremely dynamic nature of the channel bed on the Mississippi River.\nThe size of the scour holes observed at the surveyed sites likely was affected by the low to moderate flow conditions on the Missouri and Mississippi Rivers at the time of the surveys. The scour holes likely would be larger during conditions of increased flow. Artifacts of horizontal positioning errors were present in the data, but an analysis of the surveys indicated that most of the bathymetric data have a total propagated error of less than 0.33 foot.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20115170","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Missouri Department of Transportation","usgsCitation":"Huizinga, R.J., 2011, Bathymetric surveys at highway bridges crossing the Missouri and Mississippi Rivers near St. Louis, Missouri, 2010: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5170, viii, 75 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20115170.","productDescription":"viii, 75 p.","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2010-01-01","temporalEnd":"2010-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":396,"text":"Missouri Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116495,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2011_5170.jpg"},{"id":94414,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5170/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"state":"Missouri","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -90.66666666666667,38.416666666666664 ], [ -90.66666666666667,38.916666666666664 ], [ -90.08333333333333,38.916666666666664 ], [ -90.08333333333333,38.416666666666664 ], [ -90.66666666666667,38.416666666666664 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a60e4b07f02db635538","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Huizinga, Richard J. 0000-0002-2940-2324 huizinga@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2940-2324","contributorId":2089,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huizinga","given":"Richard","email":"huizinga@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":36532,"text":"Central Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353165,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70005766,"text":"ofr20111060 - 2011 - Coulomb 3.3 Graphic-rich deformation and stress-change software for earthquake, tectonic, and volcano research and teaching-user guide","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:56","indexId":"ofr20111060","displayToPublicDate":"2011-10-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-1060","title":"Coulomb 3.3 Graphic-rich deformation and stress-change software for earthquake, tectonic, and volcano research and teaching-user guide","docAbstract":"Coulomb is intended both for publication-directed research and for college and graduate school classroom instruction. We believe that one learns best when one can see the most and can explore alternatives quickly. So the principal feature of Coulomb is ease of input, rapid interactive modification, and intuitive visualization of the results. The program has menus and check-items, and dialogue boxes to ease operation. The internal graphics are suitable for publication, and can be easily imported into Illustrator, GMT, Google Earth, or Flash for further enhancements.\nCoulomb is designed to let one calculate static displacements, strains, and stresses at any depth caused by fault slip, magmatic intrusion, or dike expansion/contraction. One can calculate static displacements (on a surface or at GPS stations), strains, and stresses caused by fault slip, magmatic intrusion, or dike expansion. Problems, such as how an earthquake promotes or inhibits failure on nearby faults, or how fault slip or dike expansion will compress a nearby magma chamber, are germane to Coulomb. Geologic deformation associated with strike-slip faults, normal faults, or fault-bend folds is also a useful application. Calculations are made in an elastic halfspace with uniform isotropic elastic properties following Okada (1992)-see list of key papers in section 1.9.\nThere is substantial evidence to support the hypothesis that faults interact by the transfer of stress, both on the time scales of earthquake sequences and aftershocks and on longer time scales associated with the interevent time of the largest shocks that occur in a given region. There is also evidence that faults and magmatic systems interact as well, and that static stress changes influence intrusions and eruptions. Processes not included in Coulomb are also important, such as dynamic stresses, pore-fluid diffusion, and viscoelastic rebound. Further, elastic stiffness differences between basins and crustal layering modify the stresses in comparison to the elastic halfspace implemented in Coulomb. Nevertheless, we believe that a simple tool that permits exploration of a key component of earthquake interaction has great value for understanding and discovery.\nTo download the software (a MATLAB application) and tutorial files, please go to http://www.coulombstress.org","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20111060","usgsCitation":"Toda, S., Stein, R.S., Sevilgen, V., and Lin, J., 2011, Coulomb 3.3 Graphic-rich deformation and stress-change software for earthquake, tectonic, and volcano research and teaching-user guide: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1060, ix, 54 p.; 9 Chapters, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111060.","productDescription":"ix, 54 p.; 9 Chapters","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":379,"text":"Menlo Park Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116494,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2011_1060.gif"},{"id":94415,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1060/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad5e4b07f02db6837d3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Toda, Shingi","contributorId":66400,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Toda","given":"Shingi","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353169,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stein, Ross S. 0000-0001-7586-3933 rstein@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7586-3933","contributorId":2604,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stein","given":"Ross","email":"rstein@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353166,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sevilgen, Volkan vsevilgen@usgs.gov","contributorId":3254,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sevilgen","given":"Volkan","email":"vsevilgen@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":353167,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lin, Jian","contributorId":16930,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lin","given":"Jian","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353168,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70005764,"text":"sir20115173 - 2011 - Assessing hydraulic connections across a complex sequence of volcanic rocks - Analysis of U-20 WW multiple-well aquifer test, Pahute Mesa, Nevada National Security Site, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-08T15:52:48","indexId":"sir20115173","displayToPublicDate":"2011-10-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-5173","title":"Assessing hydraulic connections across a complex sequence of volcanic rocks - Analysis of U-20 WW multiple-well aquifer test, Pahute Mesa, Nevada National Security Site, Nevada","docAbstract":"<p>Groundwater beneath Pahute Mesa flows through a complexly layered sequence of volcanic rock aquifers and confining units that have been faulted into distinct structural blocks. Hydraulic property estimates of rocks and structures in this flow system are necessary to assess radionuclide migration near underground nuclear testing areas. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) used a 12 month (October 1, 2008&mdash; October 1, 2009) intermittent pumping schedule of well U-20 WW and continuously monitored water levels in observation wells ER-20-6 #3, UE-20bh 1, and U-20bg as a multi-well aquifer test to evaluate hydraulic connections across structural blocks, bulk hydraulic properties of volcanic rocks, and the hydraulic significance of a major fault. Measured water levels were approximated using synthetic water levels generated from an analytical model. Synthetic water levels are a summation of environmental water-level fluctuations and a Theis (1935) transform of the pumping signal from flow rate to water-level change. Drawdown was estimated by summing residual differences between measured and synthetic water levels and the Theis-transformed pumping signal from April to September 2009. Drawdown estimates were used in a three‑dimensional numerical model to estimate hydraulic properties of distinct aquifers, confining units, and a major fault.</p>\n<p>A maximum water-level drawdown of nearly 0.4 foot in well UE-20bh 1, which is more than 1 mile from the pumping well, was detected across a major fault. Drawdown estimates in the observation well nearest to (ER-20-6 #3, less than 1 mile) and within the same structural block as the pumping well were less than detection (&lt;0.1 foot). Minimal drawdown within the same structural block indicates that lava units are likely separated by bedded tuff confining units. Hydraulic property estimates indicate that wells U-20 WW, UE-20bh 1, and ER-20-6 #3 produce water from moderately permeable fractured lava, as hydraulic conductivity and specific storage estimates average 4.8 feet per day and 2.1&times;10<sup>&ndash;6</sup>&nbsp;per foot, respectively, and transmissivity estimates range from 1,200 to 3,600 feet squared per day. Sensitivity analyses indicate that the major fault is hydraulically similar to the permeable host rock and connects flow between structural blocks.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20115173","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Energy, National Nuclear Security Administration Nevada Site Office, Office of Environmental Management under Interagency Agreement, DE-A152-07NA28100","usgsCitation":"Garcia, C.A., Fenelon, J.M., Halford, K.J., Reiner, S.R., and Laczniak, R.J., 2011, Assessing hydraulic connections across a complex sequence of volcanic rocks - Analysis of U-20 WW multiple-well aquifer test, Pahute Mesa, Nevada National Security Site, Nevada (Version 1.0: Originally posted October 13, 2011; Version 1.1: June 7, 2016): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5173, Report: vi, 24 p.; Appendix A, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20115173.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 24 p.; Appendix A","startPage":"1","endPage":"24","numberOfPages":"34","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116496,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20115173.PNG"},{"id":94413,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5173/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":323313,"rank":101,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5173/pdf/sir20115173.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.4 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":323314,"rank":102,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5173/WW20-USGS.zip","text":"Appendix A","size":"30.1 MB","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"}},{"id":323315,"rank":103,"type":{"id":25,"text":"Version 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Amanda 0000-0003-3776-3565 cgarcia@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3776-3565","contributorId":1899,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garcia","given":"C.","email":"cgarcia@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Amanda","affiliations":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353161,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fenelon, Joseph M. 0000-0003-4449-245X jfenelon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4449-245X","contributorId":2355,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fenelon","given":"Joseph","email":"jfenelon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353162,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Halford, Keith J. 0000-0002-7322-1846 khalford@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7322-1846","contributorId":1374,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Halford","given":"Keith","email":"khalford@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353160,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Reiner, Steven R. 0000-0002-8705-9333 srreiner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8705-9333","contributorId":4606,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reiner","given":"Steven","email":"srreiner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":353163,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Laczniak, Randell J.","contributorId":90687,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Laczniak","given":"Randell","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353164,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70005758,"text":"sir20115085 - 2011 - Hydrogeologic setting and simulation of groundwater flow near the Canterbury and Leadville Mine Drainage Tunnels, Leadville, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:12:00","indexId":"sir20115085","displayToPublicDate":"2011-10-17T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-5085","title":"Hydrogeologic setting and simulation of groundwater flow near the Canterbury and Leadville Mine Drainage Tunnels, Leadville, Colorado","docAbstract":"The Leadville mining district is historically one of the most heavily mined regions in the world producing large quantities of gold, silver, lead, zinc, copper, and manganese since the 1860s. A multidisciplinary investigation was conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment, to characterize large-scale groundwater flow in a 13 square-kilometer region encompassing the Canterbury Tunnel and the Leadville Mine Drainage Tunnel near Leadville, Colorado. The primary objective of the investigation was to evaluate whether a substantial hydraulic connection is present between the Canterbury Tunnel and Leadville Mine Drainage Tunnel for current (2008) hydrologic conditions.\n\nAltitude in the Leadville area ranges from about 3,018 m (9,900 ft) along the Arkansas River valley to about 4,270 m (14,000 ft) along the Continental Divide east of Leadville, and the high altitude of the area results in a moderate subpolar climate. Winter precipitation as snow was about three times greater than summer precipitation as rain, and in general, both winter and summer precipitation were greatest at higher altitudes. Winter and summer precipitation have increased since 2002 coinciding with the observed water-level rise near the Leadville Mine Drainage Tunnel that began in 2003. The weather patterns and hydrology exhibit strong seasonality with an annual cycle of cold winters with large snowfall, followed by spring snowmelt, runoff, and recharge (high-flow) conditions, and then base-flow (low-flow) conditions in the fall prior to the next winter. Groundwater occurs in the Paleozoic and Precambrian fractured-rock aquifers and in a Quaternary alluvial aquifer along the East Fork Arkansas River, and groundwater levels also exhibit seasonal, although delayed, patterns in response to the annual hydrologic cycle.\n\nA three-dimensional digital representation of the extensively faulted bedrock was developed and a geophysical direct-current resistivity field survey was performed to evaluate the geologic structure of the study area. The results show that the Canterbury Tunnel is located in a downthrown structural block that is not in direct physical connection with the Leadville Mine Drainage Tunnel. The presence of this structural discontinuity implies there is no direct groundwater pathway between the tunnels along a laterally continuous bedrock unit.\n\nWater-quality results for pH and major-ion concentrations near the Canterbury Tunnel showed that acid mine drainage has not affected groundwater quality. Stable-isotope ratios of hydrogen and oxygen in water indicate that snowmelt is the primary source of groundwater recharge. On the basis of chlorofluorocarbon and tritium concentrations and mixing ratios for groundwater samples, young groundwater (groundwater recharged after 1953) was indicated at well locations upgradient from and in a fault block separate from the Canterbury Tunnel. Samples from sites downgradient from the Canterbury Tunnel were mixtures of young and old (pre-1953) groundwater and likely represent snowmelt recharge mixed with older regional groundwater that discharges from the bedrock units to the Arkansas River valley. Discharge from the Canterbury Tunnel contained the greatest percentage of old (pre-1953) groundwater with a mixture of about 25 percent young water and about 75 percent old water.\n\nA calibrated three-dimensional groundwater model representing high-flow conditions was used to evaluate large-scale flow characteristics of the groundwater and to assess whether a substantial hydraulic connection was present between the Canterbury Tunnel and Leadville Mine Drainage Tunnel. As simulated, the faults restrict local flow in many areas, but the fracture-damage zones adjacent to the faults allow groundwater to move along faults. Water-budget results indicate that groundwater flow across the lateral edges of the model controlled the majority of flow in and out of the aquifer (79 percent and 63 percent of the total water budget, respectively). The largest contributions to the water budget were groundwater entering from the upper reaches of the watershed and the hydrologic interaction of the groundwater with the East Fork Arkansas River. Potentiometric surface maps of the simulated model results were generated for depths of 50, 100, and 250 m. The surfaces revealed a positive trend in hydraulic head with land-surface altitude and evidence of increased control on fluid movement by the fault network structure at progressively greater depths in the aquifer.\n\nResults of advective particle-tracking simulations indicate that the sets of simulated flow paths for the Canterbury Tunnel and the Leadville Mine Drainage Tunnel were mutually exclusive of one another, which also suggested that no major hydraulic connection was present between the tunnels. Particle-tracking simulations also revealed that although the fault network generally restricted groundwater movement locally, hydrologic conditions were such that groundwater did cross the fault network at many locations. This cross-fault movement indicates that the fault network controls regional groundwater flow to some degree but is not a complete barrier to flow. The cumulative distributions of adjusted age results for the watershed indicate that approximately 30 percent of the flow pathways transmit groundwater that was younger than 68 years old (post-1941) and that about 70 percent of the flow pathways transmit old groundwater. The particle-tracking results are consistent with the apparent ages and mixing ratios developed from the chlorofluorocarbon and tritium results. The model simulations also indicate that approximately 50 percent of the groundwater flowing through the study area was less than 200 years old and about 50 percent of the groundwater flowing through the study area is old water stored in low-permeability geologic units and fault blocks. As a final examination of model response, the conductance parameters of the Canterbury Tunnel and Leadville Mine Drainage Tunnel were manually adjusted from the calibrated values to determine if altering the flow discharge in one tunnel affects the hydraulic behavior in the other tunnel. The examination showed no substantial hydraulic connection.\n\nThe multidisciplinary investigation yielded an improved understanding of groundwater characteristics near the Canterbury Tunnel and the Leadville Mine Drainage Tunnel. Movement of groundwater between the Canterbury Tunnel and Leadville Mine Drainage Tunnel that was central to this investigation could not be evaluated with strong certainty owing to the structural complexity of the region, study simplifications, and the absence of observation data within the upper sections of the Canterbury Tunnel and between the Canterbury Tunnel and the Leadville Mine Drainage Tunnel. There was, however, collaborative agreement between all of the analyses performed during this investigation that a substantial hydraulic connection did not exist between the Canterbury Tunnel and the Leadville Mine Drainage Tunnel under natural flow conditions near the time of this investigation.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20115085","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment","usgsCitation":"Wellman, T., Paschke, S.S., Minsley, B., and Dupree, J.A., 2011, Hydrogeologic setting and simulation of groundwater flow near the Canterbury and Leadville Mine Drainage Tunnels, Leadville, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5085, viii, 56 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20115085.","productDescription":"viii, 56 p.","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":94411,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5085/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":116492,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2011_5085.bmp"}],"projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) Easting","country":"United States","state":"Colorado","city":"Leadville","otherGeospatial":"Canterbury Tunnel;Leadville Mine Drainage Tunnel","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -106.31666666666666,39.233333333333334 ], [ -106.31666666666666,39.3 ], [ -106.23333333333333,39.3 ], [ -106.23333333333333,39.233333333333334 ], [ -106.31666666666666,39.233333333333334 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ee4b07f02db62793a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wellman, Tristan P.","contributorId":56500,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wellman","given":"Tristan P.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":353158,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Paschke, Suzanne S.","contributorId":14072,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paschke","given":"Suzanne","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353157,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Minsley, Burke","contributorId":100699,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Minsley","given":"Burke","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353159,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dupree, Jean A. dupree@usgs.gov","contributorId":2563,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dupree","given":"Jean","email":"dupree@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":353156,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70118334,"text":"70118334 - 2011 - Dating of Pliocene Colorado River sediments: implications for cosmogenic burial dating and the evolution of the lower Colorado River","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-28T14:05:48","indexId":"70118334","displayToPublicDate":"2011-10-14T14:02:53","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Dating of Pliocene Colorado River sediments: implications for cosmogenic burial dating and the evolution of the lower Colorado River","docAbstract":"<p>We applied cosmogenic <sup>26</sup>Al/<sup>10</sup>Be burial dating to sedimentary deposits of the ancestral Colorado River. We compared cosmogenic burial ages of sediments to the age of an independently well-dated overlying basalt flow at one site, and also applied cosmogenic burial dating to sediments with less precise independent age constraints. All dated gravels yielded old ages that suggest several episodes of sediment burial over the past ∼5.3 m.y. Comparison of burial ages to the overlying 4.4 Ma basalt yielded good agreement and suggests that under the most favorable conditions, cosmogenic burial dating can extend back 4–5 m.y. In contrast, results from other sites with more broadly independent age constraints highlight the complexities inherent in burial dating; these complexities arise from unknown and complicated burial histories, insufficient shielding, postburial production of cosmogenic isotopes by muons, and unknown initial <sup>26</sup>Al/<sup>10</sup>Be ratios. Nevertheless, and in spite of the large range of burial ages and large uncertainties, we identify samples that provide reasonable burial age constraints on the depositional history of sediment along the lower ancestral Colorado River. These samples suggest possible sediment deposition and burial at ca. 5.3, 4.7, and 3.6 Ma.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Our calculated basinwide erosion rate for sediment transported by the modern Colorado River (∼187 mm k.y.<sup>−1</sup>) is higher than the modern erosion rates inferred from the historic sediment load (80–100 mm k.y.<sup>−1</sup>). In contrast, basinwide paleo-erosion rates calculated from Pliocene sediments are all under 40 mm k.y.<sup>−1</sup> The comparatively lower denudation rates calculated for the Pliocene sediment samples are surprising given that the sampled time intervals include significant Pliocene aggradation and may include much incision of the Grand Canyon and its tributaries. This conflict may arise from extensive storage of sediment along the route of the Colorado River, slower paleobedrock erosion, or the inclusion of sediments that were derived preferentially from higher elevations in the watershed.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","publisherLocation":"New York, NY","doi":"10.1130/B30453.1","usgsCitation":"Matmon, A., Stock, G.M., Granger, D., and Howard, K.A., 2011, Dating of Pliocene Colorado River sediments: implications for cosmogenic burial dating and the evolution of the lower Colorado River: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 124, no. 3-4, p. 626-640, https://doi.org/10.1130/B30453.1.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"626","endPage":"640","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":291187,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":291186,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/B30453.1"}],"volume":"124","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-10-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7f63be4b0bc0bec0a1b40","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Matmon, Ari","contributorId":105831,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Matmon","given":"Ari","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496784,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stock, Greg M.","contributorId":88593,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stock","given":"Greg","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496783,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Granger, Darryl E.","contributorId":40137,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Granger","given":"Darryl E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496782,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Howard, Keith A. 0000-0002-6462-2947 khoward@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6462-2947","contributorId":3439,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Howard","given":"Keith","email":"khoward@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":496781,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70005748,"text":"ofr20111223 - 2011 - Simulations of flow and prediction of sediment movement in Wymans Run, Cochranton Borough, Crawford County, Pennsylvania","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:40","indexId":"ofr20111223","displayToPublicDate":"2011-10-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-1223","title":"Simulations of flow and prediction of sediment movement in Wymans Run, Cochranton Borough, Crawford County, Pennsylvania","docAbstract":"In small watersheds, runoff entering local waterways from large storms can cause rapid and profound changes in the streambed that can contribute to flooding. Wymans Run, a small stream in Cochranton Borough, Crawford County, experienced a large rain event in June 2008 that caused sediment to be deposited at a bridge. A hydrodynamic model, Flow and Sediment Transport and Morphological Evolution of Channels (FaSTMECH), which is incorporated into the U.S. Geological Survey Multi-Dimensional Surface-Water Modeling System (MD_SWMS) was constructed to predict boundary shear stress and velocity in Wymans Run using data from the June 2008 event. Shear stress and velocity values can be used to indicate areas of a stream where sediment, transported downstream, can be deposited on the streambed. Because of the short duration of the June 2008 rain event, streamflow was not directly measured but was estimated using U.S. Army Corps of Engineers one-dimensional Hydrologic Engineering Centers River Analysis System (HEC-RAS). Scenarios to examine possible engineering solutions to decrease the amount of sediment at the bridge, including bridge expansion, channel expansion, and dredging upstream from the bridge, were simulated using the FaSTMECH model. Each scenario was evaluated for potential effects on water-surface elevation, boundary shear stress, and velocity.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20111223","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Crawford County Conservation District and Fairfield Township, Pennsylvania","usgsCitation":"Hittle, E., 2011, Simulations of flow and prediction of sediment movement in Wymans Run, Cochranton Borough, Crawford County, Pennsylvania: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1223, x, 25 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111223.","productDescription":"x, 25 p.","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116336,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2011_1223.png"},{"id":94410,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1223/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Pennsylvania","county":"Crawford","city":"Cochranton","otherGeospatial":"Wymans Run","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -80.1,41.483333333333334 ], [ -80.1,41.53333333333333 ], [ -80.0175,41.53333333333333 ], [ -80.0175,41.483333333333334 ], [ -80.1,41.483333333333334 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abce4b07f02db6737bd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hittle, Elizabeth","contributorId":103000,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hittle","given":"Elizabeth","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353151,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70005724,"text":"ofr20111238 - 2011 - Dynamically downscaled climate simulations over North America: Methods, evaluation, and supporting documentation for users","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:16:01","indexId":"ofr20111238","displayToPublicDate":"2011-10-12T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-1238","title":"Dynamically downscaled climate simulations over North America: Methods, evaluation, and supporting documentation for users","docAbstract":"We have completed an array of high-resolution simulations of present and future climate over Western North America (WNA) and Eastern North America (ENA) by dynamically downscaling global climate simulations using a regional climate model, RegCM3. The simulations are intended to provide long time series of internally consistent surface and atmospheric variables for use in climate-related research. In addition to providing high-resolution weather and climate data for the past, present, and future, we have developed an integrated data flow and methodology for processing, summarizing, viewing, and delivering the climate datasets to a wide range of potential users. Our simulations were run over 50- and 15-kilometer model grids in an attempt to capture more of the climatic detail associated with processes such as topographic forcing than can be captured by general circulation models (GCMs). The simulations were run using output from four GCMs. All simulations span the present (for example, 1968-1999), common periods of the future (2040-2069), and two simulations continuously cover 2010-2099. The trace gas concentrations in our simulations were the same as those of the GCMs: the IPCC 20th century time series for 1968-1999 and the A2 time series for simulations of the future. We demonstrate that RegCM3 is capable of producing present day annual and seasonal climatologies of air temperature and precipitation that are in good agreement with observations. Important features of the high-resolution climatology of temperature, precipitation, snow water equivalent (SWE), and soil moisture are consistently reproduced in all model runs over WNA and ENA. The simulations provide a potential range of future climate change for selected decades and display common patterns of the direction and magnitude of changes. As expected, there are some model to model differences that limit interpretability and give rise to uncertainties. Here, we provide background information about the GCMs and the RegCM3, a basic evaluation of the model output and examples of simulated future climate. We also provide information needed to access the web applications for visualizing and downloading the data, and give complete metadata that describe the variables in the datasets.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20111238","usgsCitation":"Hostetler, S.W., Alder, J.R., and Allan, A., 2011, Dynamically downscaled climate simulations over North America: Methods, evaluation, and supporting documentation for users: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1238, vi, 14 p.; Appendices; High resolution images, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111238.","productDescription":"vi, 14 p.; Appendices; High resolution images","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116622,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2011_1238.jpg"},{"id":94388,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1238/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a51e4b07f02db62a0bf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hostetler, S. W. 0000-0003-2272-8302","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2272-8302","contributorId":42911,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hostetler","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353120,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Alder, J. R.","contributorId":86096,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Alder","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353122,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Allan, A.M.","contributorId":72517,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allan","given":"A.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353121,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70005712,"text":"sir20115167 - 2011 - Sources, fate, and transport of nitrogen and phosphorus in the Chesapeake Bay watershed: An empirical model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-07T13:08:28.405441","indexId":"sir20115167","displayToPublicDate":"2011-10-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-5167","displayTitle":"Sources, Fate, and Transport of Nitrogen and Phosphorus in the Chesapeake Bay Watershed: An Empirical Model","title":"Sources, fate, and transport of nitrogen and phosphorus in the Chesapeake Bay watershed: An empirical model","docAbstract":"<p><span>Spatially Referenced Regression on Watershed Attributes (SPARROW) was used to provide empirical estimates of the sources, fate, and transport of total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) in the Chesapeake Bay watershed, and the mean annual TN and TP flux to the bay and in each of 80,579 nontidal tributary stream reaches. Restoration efforts in recent decades have been insufficient to meet established standards for water quality and ecological conditions in Chesapeake Bay. The bay watershed includes 166,000 square kilometers of mixed land uses, multiple nutrient sources, and variable hydrogeologic, soil, and weather conditions, and bay restoration is complicated by the multitude of nutrient sources and complex interacting factors affecting the occurrence, fate, and transport of nitrogen and phosphorus from source areas to streams and the estuary. Effective and efficient nutrient management at the regional scale in support of Chesapeake Bay restoration requires a comprehensive understanding of the sources, fate, and transport of nitrogen and phosphorus in the watershed, which is only available through regional models. The current models, Chesapeake Bay nutrient SPARROW models, version 4 (CBTN_v4 and CBTP_v4), were constructed at a finer spatial resolution than previous SPARROW models for the Chesapeake Bay watershed (versions 1, 2, and 3), and include an updated timeframe and modified sources and other explantory terms.</span></p><p><span>Chesapeake Bay receives an estimated 1.32 x 10<sup>8</sup>&nbsp;kilograms (132,000 metric tons) of nitrogen and 9.74 x 10<sup>6</sup>&nbsp;kilograms (9,740 metric tons) of phosphorus annually from its watershed, mainly through its two largest tributaries, the Susquehanna and Potomac Rivers. Significant (α=0.10) sources of nutrients to streams in the watershed include fertilizer and manure applications in agricultural areas, undifferentiated urban activities, point sources, atmospheric deposition and direct fixation by crops (for nitrogen), and mineral sources (for phosphorus). Agriculture (primarily fertilizer applications and crop fixation) contributes more than half of the nitrogen delivered from the watershed to the bay; phosphorus contributions are more mixed, and fairly evenly distributed among agricultural (fertilizer and manure applications) and urban (including point) sources. Natural mineral dissolution contributes approximately 14 percent of the phosphorus flux from the watershed to the Chesapeake Bay. Empirical estimates of average yields from different source areas and of the portion of selected applications delivered to streams agree closely with previously reported values in the literature.</span></p><p><span>Nutrient fate and transport through the Chesapeake Bay watershed to the bay reflect the diferent physical and chemical properties of nitrogen and phosphorus compounds. Groundwater is an important pathway for nitrogen transport (as nitrate), and TN flux is greatest in areas with greater groundwater flow and in areas of the Piedmont underlain by carbonate rocks. TN flux decreases with increasing vegetative growth (likely indicative of plant uptake) and soil available water capacity (likely indicative of reducing conditions). Phosphorus transport to streams, conversely, is greatest in areas most likely to generate overland runoff and related erosion, including those with less permeable and more erodible soils and greater precipitation. Phosphorus transport also is greater in the Coastal Plain than in other areas, possibly due to saturation of soils with historical phosphorus applications. Both nitrogen and phosphorus are lost within watershed impoundments (lakes, ponds, or reservoirs), and nitrogen is also lost significantly along flowing reaches, particularly in small streams and in larger streams in warmer areas.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20115167","usgsCitation":"Ator, S.W., Brakebill, J.W., and Blomquist, J., 2011, Sources, fate, and transport of nitrogen and phosphorus in the Chesapeake Bay watershed: An empirical model: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5167, Report: v, 27 p.; Companion File, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20115167.","productDescription":"Report: v, 27 p.; Companion File","numberOfPages":"38","costCenters":[{"id":41514,"text":"Maryland-Delaware-District of Columbia  Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":438825,"rank":101,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F70863CT","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Bootstrap-estimated land-to-water coefficients from the CBTN_v4 SPARROW model"},{"id":116625,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2011_5167.gif"},{"id":403132,"rank":3,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5167/cbtntp_v4_predict.txt","text":"Chesapeake SPARROW Model v4 PREDICTIONS","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"}},{"id":403133,"rank":4,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5167/pdf/final_sir2011-5167508.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":94384,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5167/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Chesapeake Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n  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jwbrakeb@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9235-6810","contributorId":1061,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brakebill","given":"John","email":"jwbrakeb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":374,"text":"Maryland Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353104,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Blomquist, Joel D. jdblomqu@usgs.gov","contributorId":3774,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blomquist","given":"Joel D.","email":"jdblomqu@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":374,"text":"Maryland Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":353105,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70005707,"text":"sir20115088 - 2011 - Analysis of the transport of sediment by the Suncook River in Epsom, Pembroke, and Allenstown, New Hampshire, after the May 2006 flood","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:41","indexId":"sir20115088","displayToPublicDate":"2011-10-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-5088","title":"Analysis of the transport of sediment by the Suncook River in Epsom, Pembroke, and Allenstown, New Hampshire, after the May 2006 flood","docAbstract":"During May 13-16, 2006, rainfall in excess of 8.8 inches flooded central and southern New Hampshire. On May 15, 2006, a breach in a bank of the Suncook River in Epsom, New Hampshire, caused the river to follow a new path. In order to assess and predict the effect of the sediment in, and the subsequent flooding on, the river and flood plain, a study by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) characterizing sediment transport in the Suncook River was undertaken in cooperation with the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) and the New Hampshire Department of Environmental Services (NHDES). The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) Hydrologic Engineering Center-River Analysis System (HEC-RAS) model was used to simulate flow and the transport of noncohesive sediments in the Suncook River from the upstream corporate limit of Epsom to the river's confluence with the Merrimack River in the Village of Suncook (Allenstown and Pembroke, N.H.), a distance of approximately 16 miles. In addition to determining total sediment loads, analyses in this study reflect flooding potentials for selected recurrence intervals that are based on the Suncook River streamgage flow data (streamgage 01089500) and on streambed elevations predicted by HEC-RAS for the end of water year 2010 (September 30, 2010) in the communities of Epsom, Pembroke, and Allenstown. This report presents changes in streambed and water-surface elevations predicted by the HEC-RAS model using data through the end of water year 2010 for the 50-, 10-, 2-, 1-, 0.2-percent annual exceedence probabilities (2-, 10-, 50-, 100-, and 500-year recurrence-interval floods, respectively), calculated daily and annual total sediment loads, and a determination of aggrading and degrading stream reaches. The model was calibrated and evaluated for a 400-day span from May 8, 2008 through June 11, 2009; these two dates coincided with field collection of stream cross-sectional elevation data. Seven sediment-transport functions were evaluated in the model with the Laursen (Copeland) sediment-transport function best describing the sediment load, transport behavior, and changes in streambed elevation for the specified spatial and temporal conditions of the 400-day calibration period. Simulation results from the model and field-collected sediment data indicate that, downstream of the avulsion channel, for the average daily mean flow during the study period, approximately 100 to 400 tons per day of sediment (varying with daily mean flow) was moving past the Short Falls Road Bridge over the Suncook River in Epsom, while approximately 0.05 to 0.5 tons per day of sediment was moving past the Route 28 bridge in Pembroke and Allenstown, and approximately 1 to 10 tons per day was moving past the Route 3 bridge in Pembroke and Allenstown. Changes in water-surface elevation that the model predicted for the end of water year 2010 to be a result of changes in streambed elevation ranged from a mean increase of 0.20 feet (ft) for the 50-percent annual exceedence-probability flood (2-year recurrence-interval flood) due to an average thalweg increase of 0.88 ft between the Short Falls Road Bridge and the Buck Street Dams in Pembroke and Allenstown to a mean decrease of 0.41 ft for the 50-percent annual exceedence-probability flood due to an average thalweg decrease of 0.49 ft above the avulsion in Epsom. An analysis of shear stress (force created by a fluid acting on sediment particles) was undertaken to determine potential areas of erosion and deposition. Based on the median grain size (d50) and shear stress analysis, the study found that in general, for floods greater than the 50-percent annual exceedence probability flood, the shear stress in the streambed is greater than the critical shear stress in much of the river study reach. The result is an expectation of streambed-sediment movement and erosion even at high exceedence-probability events, pending although the stream ultimately attains equilibrium through stream-stabilization measures or the adjustment of the river over time. The potential for aggradation in the Suncook River is greatest in the reach downstream of the avulsion. Specifically, these reaches are (1) downstream of the former sand pit from adjacent to Round Pond to downstream of the flood chute at the large meander bends, and (2) downstream of the Short Falls Road Bridge to approximately 3,800 ft upstream of the Route 28 bridge. The potential for degradation-net lowering of the streambed-is greatest for the reach upstream of the avulsion to the Route 4 bridge.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20115088","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Federal Emergency Management Agency and the New Hampshire Department of Environmental Services","usgsCitation":"Flynn, R.H., 2011, Analysis of the transport of sediment by the Suncook River in Epsom, Pembroke, and Allenstown, New Hampshire, after the May 2006 flood: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5088, x, 69 p.; Appendices, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20115088.","productDescription":"x, 69 p.; Appendices","temporalStart":"2008-05-08","temporalEnd":"2010-09-30","costCenters":[{"id":468,"text":"New Hampshire-Vermont Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116029,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2011_5088.gif"},{"id":94380,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5088/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"New Hampshire","county":"Merrimack","city":"Epsom;Pembroke;Allenstown","otherGeospatial":"Suncook River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -72.5,42.5 ], [ -72.5,43.75 ], [ -70.75,43.75 ], [ -70.75,42.5 ], [ -72.5,42.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acee4b07f02db67ff07","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Flynn, Robert H. rflynn@usgs.gov","contributorId":2137,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flynn","given":"Robert","email":"rflynn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":405,"text":"NH/VT office of New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353097,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70005407,"text":"70005407 - 2011 - Population assessment and potential functional roles of native mussels in the Upper Mississippi River","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-06T15:15:44.512971","indexId":"70005407","displayToPublicDate":"2011-10-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":862,"text":"Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Population assessment and potential functional roles of native mussels in the Upper Mississippi River","docAbstract":"1. Despite a heightened global concern for native mussels, fundamental research on mussel ecology in large rivers is lacking. These gaps in knowledge about where mussels occur, and why, are limiting habitat restoration activities.  2. Large-scale systematic surveys for native mussels in three reaches of the Upper Mississippi River documented mussel communities composed of 16&ndash;23 species and ranging from 2.9&ndash;4.5 live mussels m<sup>-2</sup> that were actively recruiting new cohorts into their populations (87&ndash;100% of the species were found as juveniles 5 years old). Estimates of mean tissue biomass and production in these reaches ranged from 2.1&ndash;3.1 g C m<sup>-2</sup> and 0.4&ndash;0.6 g C m<sup>-2</sup>year<sup>-1</sup>, respectively.  3. Mussels filtered a significant amount of water (range, 0.05&ndash;0.07 m<sup>3</sup>m<sup>-2</sup>d<sup>-1</sup>) over a 480 km reach of the Upper Mississippi River &mdash; amounting to a filtration rate of 53.1 million m<sup>3</sup>day<sup>-1</sup>. The filtration rate of mussels as a percentage of river discharge ranged from 0.5&ndash;1.4% at high flows (5% exceedance), from 1.5&ndash;4.4% at moderate flows (50% exceedance) and from 4.4&ndash;12.2% during low flows (95% exceedance).  4. Collectively, these data suggest that native mussels play an integral role in this ecosystem by sequestering suspended materials that can be used by other benthic organisms.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","publisherLocation":"Hoboken, NJ","doi":"10.1002/aqc.1170","usgsCitation":"Newton, T., Zigler, S.J., Rogala, J.T., Gray, B.R., and Davis, M., 2011, Population assessment and potential functional roles of native mussels in the Upper Mississippi River: Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems, v. 21, no. 2, p. 122-131, https://doi.org/10.1002/aqc.1170.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"122","endPage":"131","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":204470,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Illinois, Iowa, Minnesota, Missouri, Wisconsin","otherGeospatial":"Mississippi 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szigler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4153-0652","contributorId":2410,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zigler","given":"Steven","email":"szigler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":352433,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rogala, James T. 0000-0002-1954-4097 jrogala@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1954-4097","contributorId":2651,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rogala","given":"James","email":"jrogala@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":352435,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gray, Brian R. 0000-0001-7682-9550 brgray@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7682-9550","contributorId":2615,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gray","given":"Brian","email":"brgray@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":352434,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Davis, Mike","contributorId":50284,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"Mike","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352436,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70005647,"text":"70005647 - 2011 - Comparison of statistical and theoretical habitat models for conservation planning: The benefit of ensemble prediction","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-11T17:55:31.154275","indexId":"70005647","displayToPublicDate":"2011-10-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1450,"text":"Ecological Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparison of statistical and theoretical habitat models for conservation planning: The benefit of ensemble prediction","docAbstract":"Selection of a modeling approach is an important step in the conservation planning process, but little guidance is available. We compared two statistical and three theoretical habitat modeling approaches representing those currently being used for avian conservation planning at landscape and regional scales: hierarchical spatial count (HSC), classification and regression tree (CRT), habitat suitability index (HSI), forest structure database (FS), and habitat association database (HA). We focused our comparison on models for five priority forest-breeding species in the Central Hardwoods Bird Conservation Region: Acadian Flycatcher, Cerulean Warbler, Prairie Warbler, Red-headed Woodpecker, and Worm-eating Warbler. Lacking complete knowledge on the distribution and abundance of each species with which we could illuminate differences between approaches and provide strong grounds for recommending one approach over another, we used two approaches to compare models: rank correlations among model outputs and comparison of spatial correspondence. In general, rank correlations were significantly positive among models for each species, indicating general agreement among the models. Worm-eating Warblers had the highest pairwise correlations, all of which were significant (<i>P</i> , 0.05). Red-headed Woodpeckers had the lowest agreement among models, suggesting greater uncertainty in the relative conservation value of areas within the region. We assessed model uncertainty by mapping the spatial congruence in priorities (i.e., top ranks) resulting from each model for each species and calculating the coefficient of variation across model ranks for each location. This allowed identification of areas more likely to be good targets of conservation effort for a species, those areas that were least likely, and those in between where uncertainty is higher and thus conservation action incorporates more risk. Based on our results, models developed independently for the same purpose (conservation planning for a particular species in a particular geography) yield different answers and thus different conservation strategies. We assert that using only one habitat model (even if validated) as the foundation of a conservation plan is risky. Using multiple models (i.e., ensemble prediction) can reduce uncertainty and increase efficacy of conservation action when models corroborate one another and increase understanding of the system when they do not.","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","publisherLocation":"Ithaca, NY","doi":"10.1890/10-1047.1","usgsCitation":"Jones-Farrand, D., Fearer, T.M., Thogmartin, W.E., Thompson, F.R., Nelson, M.D., and Tirpak, J.M., 2011, Comparison of statistical and theoretical habitat models for conservation planning: The benefit of ensemble prediction: Ecological Applications, v. 21, no. 6, p. 2269-2282, https://doi.org/10.1890/10-1047.1.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"2269","endPage":"2282","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":204436,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"21","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b23e4b07f02db6adff6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jones-Farrand, D. Todd","contributorId":54713,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones-Farrand","given":"D. Todd","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352992,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fearer, Todd M.","contributorId":42346,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fearer","given":"Todd","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352991,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thogmartin, Wayne E. 0000-0002-2384-4279 wthogmartin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2384-4279","contributorId":2545,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thogmartin","given":"Wayne","email":"wthogmartin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":352989,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Thompson, Frank R. III","contributorId":12608,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"Frank","suffix":"III","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352990,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Nelson, Mark D.","contributorId":107846,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352994,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Tirpak, John M.","contributorId":85704,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tirpak","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352993,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70005625,"text":"70005625 - 2011 - Bi-phasic trends in mercury concentrations in blood of Wisconsin common loons during 1992-2010","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-12T22:51:14.156526","indexId":"70005625","displayToPublicDate":"2011-10-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1479,"text":"Ecotoxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Bi-phasic trends in mercury concentrations in blood of Wisconsin common loons during 1992-2010","docAbstract":"<p><span>We assessed the ecological risk of mercury (Hg) in aquatic systems by monitoring common loon (</span><i>Gavia immer</i><span>) population dynamics and blood Hg concentrations. We report temporal trends in blood Hg concentrations based on 334 samples collected from adults recaptured in subsequent years (resampled 2–9 times) and from 421 blood samples of chicks collected at lakes resampled 2–8 times 1992–2010. Temporal trends were identified with generalized additive mixed effects models and mixed effects models to account for the potential lack of independence among observations from the same loon or same lake. Trend analyses indicated that Hg concentrations in the blood of Wisconsin loons declined over the period 1992–2000, and increased during 2002–2010, but not to the level observed in the early 1990s. The best fitting linear mixed effects model included separate trends for the two time periods. The estimated trend in Hg concentration among the adult loon population during 1992–2000 was −2.6% per year, and the estimated trend during 2002–2010 was +1.8% per year; chick blood Hg concentrations decreased −6.5% per year during 1992–2000, but increased 1.8% per year during 2002–2010. This bi-phasic pattern is similar to trends observed for concentrations of methylmercury and SO</span><sub>4</sub><span>&nbsp;in lake water of an intensely studied seepage lake (Little Rock Lake, Vilas County) within our study area. A cause-effect relationship between these independent trends is hypothesized.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10646-011-0759-1","usgsCitation":"Meyer, M., Rasmussen, P.W., Watras, C.J., Fevold, B.M., and Kenow, K.P., 2011, Bi-phasic trends in mercury concentrations in blood of Wisconsin common loons during 1992-2010: Ecotoxicology, v. 20, no. 7, p. 1659-1668, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10646-011-0759-1.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"1659","endPage":"1668","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":204520,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","county":"Vilas County","otherGeospatial":"Little Rock Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -89.70854043960571,\n              45.993398833271854\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.69725370407104,\n              45.993398833271854\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.69725370407104,\n              46.00141850315329\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.70854043960571,\n              46.00141850315329\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.70854043960571,\n              45.993398833271854\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"20","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-08-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a52e4b07f02db62a791","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Meyer, Michael W.","contributorId":38943,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyer","given":"Michael W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352975,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rasmussen, Paul W.","contributorId":17753,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rasmussen","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352974,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Watras, Carl J.","contributorId":88870,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watras","given":"Carl","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352976,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fevold, Brick M.","contributorId":97241,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fevold","given":"Brick","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352977,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kenow, Kevin P. 0000-0002-3062-5197 kkenow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3062-5197","contributorId":3339,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kenow","given":"Kevin","email":"kkenow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":352973,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70005573,"text":"70005573 - 2011 - Augmenting superpopulation capture-recapture models with population assignment data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:16:01","indexId":"70005573","displayToPublicDate":"2011-10-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1039,"text":"Biometrics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Augmenting superpopulation capture-recapture models with population assignment data","docAbstract":"Ecologists applying capture-recapture models to animal populations sometimes have access to additional information about individuals' populations of origin (e.g., information about genetics, stable isotopes, etc.). Tests that assign an individual's genotype to its most likely source population are increasingly used. Here we show how to augment a superpopulation capture-recapture model with such information. We consider a single superpopulation model without age structure, and split each entry probability into separate components due to births in situ and immigration. We show that it is possible to estimate these two probabilities separately. We first consider the case of perfect information about population of origin, where we can distinguish individuals born in situ from immigrants with certainty. Then we consider the more realistic case of imperfect information, where we use genetic or other information to assign probabilities to each individual's origin as in situ or outside the population. We use a resampling approach to impute the true population of origin from imperfect assignment information. The integration of data on population of origin with capture-recapture data allows us to determine the contributions of immigration and in situ reproduction to the growth of the population, an issue of importance to ecologists. We illustrate our new models with capture-recapture and genetic assignment data from a population of banner-tailed kangaroo rats Dipodomys spectabilis in Arizona.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Biometrics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","publisherLocation":"Hoboken, NJ","usgsCitation":"Wen, Z., Pollock, K., Nichols, J., and Waser, P., 2011, Augmenting superpopulation capture-recapture models with population assignment data: Biometrics, v. 67, no. 3, p. 691-700.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"691","endPage":"700","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":204446,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":94370,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1541-0420.2010.01522.x/abstract","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"volume":"67","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a8fe4b07f02db655602","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wen, Zhi","contributorId":30348,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wen","given":"Zhi","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352847,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pollock, Kenneth","contributorId":38273,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pollock","given":"Kenneth","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352849,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nichols, James","contributorId":26059,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"James","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352846,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Waser, Peter","contributorId":30745,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waser","given":"Peter","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352848,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70005685,"text":"ofr20111270 - 2011 - Digitized data from ground geophysical surveys in Afghanistan: A website for distribution of data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-23T16:25:39.124407","indexId":"ofr20111270","displayToPublicDate":"2011-10-06T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-1270","title":"Digitized data from ground geophysical surveys in Afghanistan: A website for distribution of data","docAbstract":"This document describes the process of digitization of a 1974 report on geophysical work undertaken by Soviet geophysicists in southern and eastern Afghanistan. These data, uncovered in Afghanistan, represent magnetic and electrical ground surveys for which locations are not well defined. Due to lack of location information, these surveys were georeferenced using the cities, rivers, and surrounding geology found on the maps used to plot survey locations. A geologic map found in the Soviet report contains profile lines that correspond to the geophysical maps, allowing these data to be georeferenced. The profiles correspond to sets of resistivity, chargeabiliy, and magnetic data. Some datasets were presented as graphs and needed to be gridded into a useable image. Only the vertical component of the magnetic field was collected, so conversion to total field anomaly was necessary. The magnetic data were collected in either gammas or milliorstead, both of which required conversion to standard SI units. To be useful to modern studies, the datasets and images contained in this report have been digitized, georeferenced, and in some cases converted into computer-ready formats.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20111270","usgsCitation":"Polster, S.W., and Drenth, B.J., 2011, Digitized data from ground geophysical surveys in Afghanistan: A website for distribution of data: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1270, iii, 18 p.; Appendix 1; Digital Data, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111270.","productDescription":"iii, 18 p.; Appendix 1; Digital Data","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116560,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2011_1270.png"},{"id":94362,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1270/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 60,29 ], [ 60,39 ], [ 75,39 ], [ 75,29 ], [ 60,29 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a82e4b07f02db64ac87","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Polster, Sarah W.","contributorId":26427,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Polster","given":"Sarah","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353075,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Drenth, Benjamin J. 0000-0002-3954-8124 bdrenth@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3954-8124","contributorId":1315,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drenth","given":"Benjamin","email":"bdrenth@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353074,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70005388,"text":"70005388 - 2011 - Polymethylene-interrupted fatty acids: Biomarkers for native and exotic mussels in the Laurentian Great Lakes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-29T20:01:46.0955","indexId":"70005388","displayToPublicDate":"2011-10-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2330,"text":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Polymethylene-interrupted fatty acids: Biomarkers for native and exotic mussels in the Laurentian Great Lakes","docAbstract":"Freshwater organisms synthesize a wide variety of fatty acids (FAs); however, the ability to synthesize and/or subsequently modify a particular FA is not universal, making it possible to use certain FAs as biomarkers. Herein we document the occurrence of unusual FAs (polymethylene-interrupted fatty acids; PMI-FAs) in select freshwater organisms in the Laurentian Great Lakes. We did not detect PMI-FAs in: (a) natural seston from Lake Erie and Hamilton Harbor (Lake Ontario), (b) various species of laboratory-cultured algae including a green alga (<i>Scenedesmus obliquus</i>), two cyanobacteria (<i>Aphanizomenon flos-aquae</i> and <i>Synechococystis</i> sp.), two diatoms (<i>Asterionella formosa</i>, <i>Diatoma elongatum</i>) and a chrysophyte (<i>Dinobryon cylindricum</i>) or, (c) zooplankton (<i>Daphnia</i> spp., calanoid or cyclopoid copepods) from Lake Ontario, suggesting that PMI-FAs are not substantively incorporated into consumers at the phytoplankton&ndash;zooplankton interface. However, these unusual FAs comprised 4-6% of total fatty acids (on a dry tissue weight basis) of native fat mucket (<i>Lampsilis siliquoidea</i>) and plain pocketbook (<i>L. cardium</i>) mussels and in invasive zebra (<i>Dreissena polymorpha</i>) and quagga (<i>D. bugensis</i>) mussels. We were able to clearly partition Great Lakes' mussels into three separate groups (zebra, quagga, and native mussels) based solely on their PMI-FA profiles. We also provide evidence for the trophic transfer of PMI-FAs from mussels to various fishes in Lakes Ontario and Michigan, further underlining the potential usefulness of PMI-FAs for tracking the dietary contribution of mollusks in food web and contaminant-fate studies.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/j.jglr.2011.03.008","usgsCitation":"Mezek, T., Sverko, E., Ruddy, M.D., Zaruk, D., Capretta, A., Hebert, C.E., Fisk, A., McGoldrick, D.J., Newton, T., Sutton, T.M., Koops, M.A., Muir, A., Johnson, T.B., Ebener, M.P., and Arts, M., 2011, Polymethylene-interrupted fatty acids: Biomarkers for native and exotic mussels in the Laurentian Great Lakes: Journal of Great Lakes Research, v. 37, no. 2, p. 289-297, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jglr.2011.03.008.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"289","endPage":"297","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences 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]\n}","volume":"37","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad7e4b07f02db6843bf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mezek, Tadej","contributorId":9129,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mezek","given":"Tadej","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352391,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sverko, Ed","contributorId":64956,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sverko","given":"Ed","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352400,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ruddy, Martina D.","contributorId":11072,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ruddy","given":"Martina","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352393,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Zaruk, Donna","contributorId":89409,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zaruk","given":"Donna","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352404,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Capretta, Alfredo","contributorId":60081,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Capretta","given":"Alfredo","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352399,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hebert, Craig E.","contributorId":11041,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hebert","given":"Craig","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352392,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Fisk, Aaron T.","contributorId":51604,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fisk","given":"Aaron T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352397,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"McGoldrick, Daryl J.","contributorId":56517,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McGoldrick","given":"Daryl","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352398,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Newton, Teresa J. 0000-0001-9351-5852","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9351-5852","contributorId":78696,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Newton","given":"Teresa J.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":352403,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Sutton, Trent M.","contributorId":77893,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sutton","given":"Trent","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352402,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Koops, Marten A.","contributorId":16715,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Koops","given":"Marten","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352394,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Muir, Andrew M.","contributorId":103933,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Muir","given":"Andrew M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352405,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Johnson, Timothy B.","contributorId":49753,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Johnson","given":"Timothy","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352396,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Ebener, Mark P.","contributorId":25099,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ebener","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":12957,"text":"Chippewa Ottawa Resource Authority","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":352395,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Arts, Michael T.","contributorId":77781,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Arts","given":"Michael T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352401,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15}]}}
,{"id":70005675,"text":"70005675 - 2011 - Petrologic, tectonic, and metallogenic evolution of the Ancestral Cascades magmatic arc, Washington, Oregon, and northern California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-25T21:50:24.32162","indexId":"70005675","displayToPublicDate":"2011-10-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1820,"text":"Geosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Petrologic, tectonic, and metallogenic evolution of the Ancestral Cascades magmatic arc, Washington, Oregon, and northern California","docAbstract":"<p>Present-day High Cascades arc magmatism was preceded by ∼40 m.y. of nearly cospatial magmatism represented by the ancestral Cascades arc in Washington, Oregon, and northernmost California (United States). Time-space-composition relations for the ancestral Cascades arc have been synthesized from a recent compilation of more than 4000 geochemical analyses and associated age data. Neither the composition nor distribution of ancestral Cascades magmatism was uniform along the length of the ancestral arc through time. Initial (&gt;40 to 36 Ma) ancestral Cascades magmatism (mostly basalt and basaltic andesite) was focused at the north end of the arc between the present-day locations of Mount Rainier and the Columbia River. From 35 to 18 Ma, initial basaltic andesite and andesite magmatism evolved to include dacite and rhyolite; magmatic activity became more voluminous and extended along most of the arc. Between 17 and 8 Ma, magmatism was focused along the part of the arc coincident with the northern two-thirds of Oregon and returned to more mafic compositions. Subsequent ancestral Cascades magmatism was dominated by basaltic andesite to basalt prior to the post–4 Ma onset of High Cascades magmatism. Transitional tholeiitic to calc-alkaline compositions dominated early (before 40 to ca. 25 Ma) ancestral Cascades eruptive products, whereas the majority of the younger arc rocks have a calc-alkaline affinity. Tholeiitic compositions characteristic of the oldest ancestral arc magmas suggest development associated with thin, immature crust and slab window processes, whereas the younger, calc-alkaline magmas suggest interaction with thicker, more evolved crust and more conventional subduction-related magmatic processes. Presumed changes in subducted slab dip through time also correlate with fundamental magma composition variation. The predominance of mafic compositions during latest ancestral arc magmatism and throughout the history of modern High Cascades magmatism probably reflects extensional tectonics that dominated during these periods of arc magmatism.</p><p>Mineral deposits associated with ancestral Cascades arc rocks are uncommon; most are small and low grade relative to those found in other continental magmatic arcs. The small size, low grade, and dearth of deposits, especially in the southern two-thirds of the ancestral arc, probably reflect many factors, the most important of which may be the prevalence of extensional tectonics within this arc domain during this magmatic episode. Progressive clockwise rotation of the forearc block west of the evolving Oregon part of the ancestral Cascades magmatism produced an extensional regime that did not foster significant mineral deposit formation. In contrast, the Washington arc domain developed in a transpressional to mildly compressive regime that was more conducive to magmatic processes and hydrothermal fluid channeling critical to deposit formation. Small, low-grade porphyry copper deposits in the northern third of the ancestral Cascades arc segment also may be a consequence of more mature continental crust, including a Mesozoic component, beneath Washington north of Mount St. Helens.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","publisherLocation":"Boulder, CO","doi":"10.1130/GES00669.1","usgsCitation":"du Bray, E.A., and John, D.A., 2011, Petrologic, tectonic, and metallogenic evolution of the Ancestral Cascades magmatic arc, Washington, Oregon, and northern California: Geosphere, v. 7, no. 5, p. 1102-1133, https://doi.org/10.1130/GES00669.1.","productDescription":"32 p.","startPage":"1102","endPage":"1133","numberOfPages":"32","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488796,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1130/ges00669.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":204419,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Oregon, Washington","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -119.88281249999999,\n              49.03786794532644\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.06884765625,\n              48.96579381461063\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.59619140625001,\n              48.180738507303836\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.892578125,\n              48.45835188280866\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.03564453125,\n              45.5679096098613\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.76074218749999,\n              42.79540065303723\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.5849609375,\n              40.44694705960048\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.89355468749999,\n              39.842286020743394\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.47607421874999,\n              42.00032514831621\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.99267578124999,\n              43.45291889355465\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.88281249999999,\n              49.03786794532644\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"7","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ae4b07f02db6a81f6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"du Bray, Edward A. 0000-0002-4383-8394 edubray@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4383-8394","contributorId":755,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"du Bray","given":"Edward","email":"edubray@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353050,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"John, David A. 0000-0001-7977-9106 djohn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7977-9106","contributorId":1748,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"John","given":"David","email":"djohn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353051,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70005682,"text":"ofr20111268 - 2011 - Simulating potential structural and operational changes for Detroit Dam on the North Santiam River, Oregon-Interim Results","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70005682,"text":"ofr20111268 - 2011 - Simulating potential structural and operational changes for Detroit Dam on the North Santiam River, Oregon-Interim Results","indexId":"ofr20111268","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"title":"Simulating potential structural and operational changes for Detroit Dam on the North Santiam River, Oregon-Interim Results"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":70040571,"text":"sir20125231 - 2012 - Simulating potential structural and operational changes for Detroit Dam on the North Santiam River, Oregon, for downstream temperature management","indexId":"sir20125231","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"title":"Simulating potential structural and operational changes for Detroit Dam on the North Santiam River, Oregon, for downstream temperature management"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":70040571,"text":"sir20125231 - 2012 - Simulating potential structural and operational changes for Detroit Dam on the North Santiam River, Oregon, for downstream temperature management","indexId":"sir20125231","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"title":"Simulating potential structural and operational changes for Detroit Dam on the North Santiam River, Oregon, for downstream temperature management"},"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:40","indexId":"ofr20111268","displayToPublicDate":"2011-10-04T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-1268","title":"Simulating potential structural and operational changes for Detroit Dam on the North Santiam River, Oregon-Interim Results","docAbstract":"Prior to operational changes in 2007, Detroit Dam on the North Santiam River in western Oregon had a well-documented effect on downstream water temperature that was problematic for endangered salmonid fish species. In this U.S. Geological Survey study, done in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, an existing calibrated CE-QUAL-W2 model of Detroit Lake (the impounded waterbody behind Detroit Dam) was used to determine how changes in dam operation or changes to the structural release points of Detroit Dam might affect downstream water temperatures under a range of historical hydrologic and meteorological conditions.\nMany combinations of environmental, operational, and structural options were explored with the model. Two downstream temperature targets were used along with three sets of environmental forcing conditions representing normal, hot/dry, and cool/wet conditions. Three structural options were modeled, including the use of existing outlets, one hypothetical variable-elevation outlet such as a sliding gate, and a hypothetical combination of a floating outlet and a fixed-elevation outlet. Finally, four sets of operational guidelines were explored to gain an understanding of the effects of imposing different downstream minimum streamflows or managing the level of the lake with different timelines in autumn.\nSeveral conclusions can be made from these interim model scenarios:\n* Temperature targets just downstream of Detroit Dam can be met through a combination of new dam outlets or a delayed drawdown of the lake in autumn.\n* Spring and summer dam operations greatly affect the available release temperatures and operational flexibility later in the autumn. Releasing warm water during mid-summer tends to keep more cool water available for release in autumn.\n* The ability to meet downstream temperature targets during spring depends on the characteristics of the available outlets. Under existing conditions, for example, although warm water sometimes is present at the lake surface, such water may not be available for release if the lake level is either well below or well above the spillway crest in spring and early summer.\n* Managing lake releases to meet downstream temperature targets depends on having outlet structures that can access both (warm) lake surface water and (cold) deeper lake water throughout the year. The existing outlets at Detroit Dam do not allow near-surface waters to be released during times when the lake surface level is below the spillway (spring and autumn).\n* Model simulations indicate that delayed drawdown of Detroit Lake in autumn would result in better control over release temperatures.\n* Compared to the existing outlets at Detroit Dam, floating or sliding-gate outlet structures can provide greater control over release temperatures because they provide better access to warm water at the lake surface and cooler water at depth.\nThis report provides interim study results to the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. The full study will be completed in 2012.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20111268","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","usgsCitation":"Buccola, N., and Rounds, S.A., 2011, Simulating potential structural and operational changes for Detroit Dam on the North Santiam River, Oregon-Interim Results: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1268, vi, 25 p.; Appendices, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111268.","productDescription":"vi, 25 p.; Appendices","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116335,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2011_1268.jpg"},{"id":94297,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1268/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"state":"Oregon","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f9e4b07f02db5f30ea","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Buccola, Norman L. nbuccola@usgs.gov","contributorId":4295,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buccola","given":"Norman L.","email":"nbuccola@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":353068,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rounds, Stewart A. 0000-0002-8540-2206 sarounds@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8540-2206","contributorId":905,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rounds","given":"Stewart","email":"sarounds@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353067,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70005677,"text":"ofr20101094 - 2011 - Continuous resistivity profiling data from the Corsica River Estuary, Maryland","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-02T21:29:11","indexId":"ofr20101094","displayToPublicDate":"2011-10-04T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-1094","title":"Continuous resistivity profiling data from the Corsica River Estuary, Maryland","docAbstract":"Submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) into Maryland's Corsica River Estuary was investigated as part of a larger study to determine its importance in nutrient delivery to the Chesapeake Bay. The Corsica River Estuary represents a coastal lowland setting typical of much of the eastern bay. An interdisciplinary U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) science team conducted field operations in the lower estuary in April and May 2007. Resource managers are concerned about nutrients that are entering the estuary via SGD that may be contributing to eutrophication, harmful algal blooms, and fish kills. Techniques employed in the study included continuous resistivity profiling (CRP), piezometer sampling of submarine groundwater, and collection of a time series of radon tracer activity in surface water. A CRP system measures electrical resistivity of saturated subestuarine sediments to distinguish those bearing fresh water (high resistivity) from those with saline or brackish pore water (low resistivity). This report describes the collection and processing of CRP data and summarizes the results. Based on a grid of 67.6 kilometers of CRP data, low-salinity (high-resistivity) groundwater extended approximately 50-400 meters offshore from estuary shorelines at depths of 5 to >12 meters below the sediment surface, likely beneath a confining unit. A band of low-resistivity sediment detected along the axis of the estuary indicated the presence of a filled paleochannel containing brackish groundwater. The meandering paleochannel likely incised through the confining unit during periods of lower sea level, allowing the low-salinity groundwater plumes originating from land to mix with brackish subestuarine groundwater along the channel margins and to discharge. A better understanding of the spatial variability and geological controls of submarine groundwater flow beneath the Corsica River Estuary could lead to improved models and mitigation strategies for nutrient over-enrichment in the estuary and in other similar settings.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20101094","usgsCitation":"Cross, V., Bratton, J., Worley, C., Crusius, J., and Kroeger, K., 2011, Continuous resistivity profiling data from the Corsica River Estuary, Maryland: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010-1094, HTML Document; DVD-ROM, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20101094.","productDescription":"HTML Document; DVD-ROM","temporalStart":"2007-04-01","temporalEnd":"2007-05-31","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116026,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2010_1094.gif"},{"id":94293,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1094/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Maryl","otherGeospatial":"Corsica River Estuary","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -76.15083333333334,39.05 ], [ -76.15083333333334,39.1 ], [ -76.1,39.1 ], [ -76.1,39.05 ], [ -76.15083333333334,39.05 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afde4b07f02db696aac","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cross, V.A.","contributorId":88687,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cross","given":"V.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353055,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bratton, J.F.","contributorId":94354,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bratton","given":"J.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353056,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Worley, C.R.","contributorId":43479,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Worley","given":"C.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353054,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Crusius, John 0000-0003-2554-0831 jcrusius@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2554-0831","contributorId":2155,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crusius","given":"John","email":"jcrusius@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353053,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kroeger, K.D.","contributorId":26060,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kroeger","given":"K.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353052,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70005680,"text":"ofr20111260 - 2011 - Earthquake scenario ground motions for the urban area of Evansville, Indiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-17T13:01:23","indexId":"ofr20111260","displayToPublicDate":"2011-10-04T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-1260","title":"Earthquake scenario ground motions for the urban area of Evansville, Indiana","docAbstract":"The Wabash Valley seismic zone and the New Madrid seismic zone are the closest large earthquake source zones to Evansville, Indiana. The New Madrid earthquakes of 1811-1812, over 180 kilometers (km) from Evansville, produced ground motions with a Modified Mercalli Intensity of VII near Evansville, the highest intensity observed in Indiana. Liquefaction evidence has been documented less than 40 km away from Evansville resulting from two large earthquakes in the past 12,000 years in the Wabash Valley. Two earthquake scenarios are described in this paper that demonstrate the expected ground motions for a 33&times;42-km region around Evansville based on a repeat earthquake from each of these source regions. We perform a one-dimensional analysis for a grid of sites that takes into account the amplification or deamplification of ground motion in the unconsolidated soil layer using a new three-dimensional model of seismic velocity and bedrock depth. There are significant differences in the calculated amplification from that expected for National Earthquake Hazard Reduction Program site class D conditions, with deamplification at many locations within the ancient bedrock valley underlying Evansville. Ground motions relative to the acceleration of gravity (g) in the Evansville area from a simulation of a magnitude (M) 7.7 New Madrid earthquake range from 0.15 to 0.25 g for peak ground acceleration, 0.14 to 0.7 g for 0.2-second (s) spectral acceleration, and 0.05 to 0.25 g for 1.0-s spectral acceleration. Ground motions from a M6.8 Wabash Valley earthquake centered 40 km northwest of the city produce ground motions that decrease with distance from 1.5 to 0.3 g for 0.2-s spectral acceleration when they reach the main part of Evansville, but then increase in amplitude from 0.3 to 0.6 g south of the city and the Ohio River. The densest urbanization in Evansville and Henderson, Ky., is within the area of preferential amplification at 1.0-s period for both scenarios, but the area experiences relatively less amplification than surrounding areas at 0.2 s, consistent with expected resonance periods based on the soil profiles.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20111260","collaboration":"In collaboration with the Evansville Area Earthquake Hazards Mapping Project (EAEHMP)","usgsCitation":"Haase, J.S., Nowack, R.L., Cramer, C.H., Boyd, O.S., and Bauer, R., 2011, Earthquake scenario ground motions for the urban area of Evansville, Indiana: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1260, iv, 17 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111260.","productDescription":"iv, 17 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116027,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2011_1260.gif"},{"id":94294,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1260/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Indiana","city":"Evansville","otherGeospatial":"Wabash Valley Seismic Zone;New Madrid Seismic Zone","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -91,35 ], [ -91,41 ], [ -85,41 ], [ -85,35 ], [ -91,35 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a51e4b07f02db629792","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Haase, Jennifer S.","contributorId":81238,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haase","given":"Jennifer","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353062,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nowack, Robert L.","contributorId":100516,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nowack","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353064,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cramer, Chris H.","contributorId":32196,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cramer","given":"Chris","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353061,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Boyd, Oliver S. olboyd@usgs.gov","contributorId":956,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boyd","given":"Oliver","email":"olboyd@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":353060,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bauer, Robert A.","contributorId":92412,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bauer","given":"Robert A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353063,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70003986,"text":"70003986 - 2011 - Bioaccumulation dynamics and exposure routes of Cd and Cu among species of aquatic mayflies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-23T15:57:32.913208","indexId":"70003986","displayToPublicDate":"2011-10-01T13:29:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Bioaccumulation dynamics and exposure routes of Cd and Cu among species of aquatic mayflies","docAbstract":"<p><span>Consumption of periphyton is a potentially important route of metal exposure to benthic invertebrate grazers. The present study examined the bioaccumulation kinetics of dissolved and dietary Cd and Cu in five species of mayflies (class Insecta). Artificial stream water and benthic diatoms were separately labeled with enriched stable metal isotopes to determine physiological rate constants used by a biokinetic bioaccumulation model. The model was employed to simulate the effects of metal partitioning between water and food, expressed as the bioconcentration factor (BCF), as well as ingestion rate (IR) and metal assimilation efficiency of food (AE), on the relative importance of water and food to metal bioaccumulation. For all test species, the contribution of dietary uptake of Cd and Cu increased with BCF. For a given BCF, the contribution of food to the body burden increased with&nbsp;</span><i>k</i><sub>uf</sub><span>, the metal uptake rate constant from food that combined variation in IR and AE. To explore the relative importance of water and diet exposure routes under field conditions, we used estimated site‐specific aqueous free‐ion concentrations to model Cd and Cu accumulation from aqueous exposure, exclusively. The predicted concentrations accounted for less than 5% of the observed concentrations, implying that most bioaccumulated metal was acquired from food. At least for the taxa considered in this study, we conclude that consumption of metal‐contaminated periphyton can result in elevated metal body burdens and potentially increase the risk of metal toxicity.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"SETAC","doi":"10.1002/etc.663","usgsCitation":"Cain, D., Croteau, M., and Luoma, S., 2011, Bioaccumulation dynamics and exposure routes of Cd and Cu among species of aquatic mayflies: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 30, no. 11, p. 2532-2541, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.663.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"2532","endPage":"2541","costCenters":[{"id":148,"text":"Branch of Regional Research-Western Region","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":204183,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","volume":"30","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-11-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f137e4b0c8380cd4aadb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cain, Daniel","contributorId":37883,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cain","given":"Daniel","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350041,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Croteau, Marie-Noële","contributorId":22863,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Croteau","given":"Marie-Noële","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350040,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Luoma, Samuel","contributorId":12175,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luoma","given":"Samuel","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350039,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70135068,"text":"70135068 - 2011 - Persistence and diversification of the Holarctic shrew, Sorex tundrensis (Family Soricidae), in response to climate change","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-20T18:25:02","indexId":"70135068","displayToPublicDate":"2011-10-01T10:30:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2774,"text":"Molecular Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Persistence and diversification of the Holarctic shrew, <i>Sorex tundrensis</i> (Family Soricidae), in response to climate change","title":"Persistence and diversification of the Holarctic shrew, Sorex tundrensis (Family Soricidae), in response to climate change","docAbstract":"<p>Environmental processes govern demography, species movements, community turnover and diversification and yet in many respects these dynamics are still poorly understood at high latitudes. We investigate the combined effects of climate change and geography through time for a widespread Holarctic shrew, <i>Sorex tundrensis</i>. We include a comprehensive suite of closely related outgroup taxa and three independent loci to explore phylogeographic structure and historical demography. We then explore the implications of these findings for other members of boreal communities. The tundra shrew and its sister species, the Tien Shan shrew (<i>Sorex asper</i>), exhibit strong geographic population structure across Siberia and into Beringia illustrating local centres of endemism that correspond to Late Pleistocene refugia. Ecological niche predictions for both current and historical distributions indicate a model of persistence through time despite dramatic climate change. Species tree estimation under a coalescent process suggests that isolation between populations has been maintained across timeframes deeper than the periodicity of Pleistocene glacial cycling. That some species such as the tundra shrew have a history of persistence largely independent of changing climate, whereas other boreal species shifted their ranges in response to climate change, highlights the dynamic processes of community assembly at high latitudes. </p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-294X.2011.05226.x","usgsCitation":"Hope, A.G., Waltari, E., Fedorov, V.B., Goropashnaya, A.V., Talbot, S.L., and Cook, J.A., 2011, Persistence and diversification of the Holarctic shrew, Sorex tundrensis (Family Soricidae), in response to climate change: Molecular Ecology, v. 20, no. 20, p. 4346-4370, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294X.2011.05226.x.","productDescription":"25 p.","startPage":"4346","endPage":"4370","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-029578","costCenters":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296507,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"20","issue":"20","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-09-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54882b5de4b02acb4f0c8c48","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hope, Andrew G. 0000-0003-3814-2891 ahope@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3814-2891","contributorId":4309,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hope","given":"Andrew","email":"ahope@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":526775,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Waltari, Eric","contributorId":105946,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Waltari","given":"Eric","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":526804,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fedorov, Vadim B.","contributorId":190337,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fedorov","given":"Vadim","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":526805,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Goropashnaya, Anna V.","contributorId":74605,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Goropashnaya","given":"Anna","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":526806,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Talbot, Sandra L. 0000-0002-3312-7214 stalbot@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3312-7214","contributorId":140512,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Talbot","given":"Sandra","email":"stalbot@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":526774,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Cook, Joseph A.","contributorId":8323,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cook","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":7000,"text":"Department of Biology, University of New Mexico","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":526807,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70147998,"text":"70147998 - 2011 - A multi-agency nutrient dataset used to estimate loads, improve monitoring design, and calibrate regional nutrient SPARROW models","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-02T13:16:16","indexId":"70147998","displayToPublicDate":"2011-10-01T10:30:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2529,"text":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A multi-agency nutrient dataset used to estimate loads, improve monitoring design, and calibrate regional nutrient SPARROW models","docAbstract":"<p>Stream-loading information was compiled from federal, state, and local agencies, and selected universities as part of an effort to develop regional SPAtially Referenced Regressions On Watershed attributes (SPARROW) models to help describe the distribution, sources, and transport of nutrients in streams throughout much of the United States. After screening, 2,739 sites, sampled by 73 agencies, were identified as having suitable data for calculating long-term mean annual nutrient loads required for SPARROW model calibration. These sites had a wide range in nutrient concentrations, loads, and yields, and environmental characteristics in their basins. An analysis of the accuracy in load estimates relative to site attributes indicated that accuracy in loads improve with increases in the number of observations, the proportion of uncensored data, and the variability in flow on observation days, whereas accuracy declines with increases in the root mean square error of the water-quality model, the flow-bias ratio, the number of days between samples, the variability in daily streamflow for the prediction period, and if the load estimate has been detrended. Based on compiled data, all areas of the country had recent declines in the number of sites with sufficient water-quality data to compute accurate annual loads and support regional modeling analyses. These declines were caused by decreases in the number of sites being sampled and data not being entered in readily accessible databases.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Water Resources Association","publisherLocation":"Herndon, VA","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.2011.00575.x","usgsCitation":"Saad, D.A., Schwarz, G., Robertson, D.M., and Booth, N., 2011, A multi-agency nutrient dataset used to estimate loads, improve monitoring design, and calibrate regional nutrient SPARROW models: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 47, no. 5, p. 933-949, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2011.00575.x.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"933","endPage":"949","numberOfPages":"17","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-024914","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474915,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2011.00575.x","text":"External Repository"},{"id":300263,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"47","issue":"5","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-08-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5551d2ace4b0a92fa7e93bcc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Saad, David A. dasaad@usgs.gov","contributorId":121,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Saad","given":"David","email":"dasaad@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":546526,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schwarz, Gregory E. 0000-0002-9239-4566 gschwarz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9239-4566","contributorId":543,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwarz","given":"Gregory E.","email":"gschwarz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5067,"text":"Northeast Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":546528,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Robertson, Dale M. 0000-0001-6799-0596 dzrobert@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6799-0596","contributorId":150760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robertson","given":"Dale","email":"dzrobert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":546527,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Booth, Nathaniel 0000-0001-6040-1031 nlbooth@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6040-1031","contributorId":140641,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Booth","given":"Nathaniel","email":"nlbooth@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":5054,"text":"Office of Water Information","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":546529,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70193296,"text":"70193296 - 2011 - A regional modeling framework of phosphorus sources and transport in streams of the southeastern United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-20T13:57:35","indexId":"70193296","displayToPublicDate":"2011-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2529,"text":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A regional modeling framework of phosphorus sources and transport in streams of the southeastern United States","docAbstract":"<p><span>We applied the SPARROW model to estimate phosphorus transport from catchments to stream reaches and subsequent delivery to major receiving water bodies in the Southeastern United States (U.S.). We show that six source variables and five land-to-water transport variables are significant (</span><i>p&nbsp;</i><span>&lt;</span><i>&nbsp;</i><span>0.05) in explaining 67% of the variability in long-term log-transformed mean annual phosphorus yields. Three land-to-water variables are a subset of landscape characteristics that have been used as transport factors in phosphorus indices developed by state agencies and are identified through experimental research as influencing land-to-water phosphorus transport at field and plot scales. Two land-to-water variables – soil organic matter and soil pH – are associated with phosphorus sorption, a significant finding given that most state-developed phosphorus indices do not explicitly contain variables for sorption processes. Our findings for Southeastern U.S. streams emphasize the importance of accounting for phosphorus present in the soil profile to predict attainable instream water quality. Regional estimates of phosphorus associated with soil-parent rock were highly significant in explaining instream phosphorus yield variability. Model predictions associate 31% of phosphorus delivered to receiving water bodies to geology and the highest total phosphorus yields in the Southeast were catchments with already high background levels that have been impacted by human activity.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Water Resources Association","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.2010.00517.x","usgsCitation":"Garcia, A.M., Hoos, A.B., and Terziotti, S., 2011, A regional modeling framework of phosphorus sources and transport in streams of the southeastern United States: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 47, no. 5, p. 991-1010, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2010.00517.x.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"991","endPage":"1010","ipdsId":"IP-005415","costCenters":[{"id":476,"text":"North Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474917,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository 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,{"id":70192584,"text":"70192584 - 2011 - Moment tensor inversions using strong motion waveforms of Taiwan TSMIP data, 1993–2009","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-03-23T09:41:10","indexId":"70192584","displayToPublicDate":"2011-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3525,"text":"Tectonophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Moment tensor inversions using strong motion waveforms of Taiwan TSMIP data, 1993–2009","docAbstract":"<p><span>Earthquake source parameters are important for earthquake studies and seismic hazard assessment. Moment tensors are among the most important earthquake source parameters, and are now routinely derived using modern broadband seismic networks around the world. Similar waveform inversion techniques can also apply to other available data, including strong-motion seismograms. Strong-motion waveforms are also broadband, and recorded in many regions since the 1980s. Thus, strong-motion data can be used to augment moment tensor catalogs with a much larger dataset than that available from the high-gain, broadband seismic networks. However, a systematic comparison between the moment tensors derived from strong motion waveforms and high-gain broadband waveforms has not been available. In this study, we inverted the source mechanisms of Taiwan earthquakes between 1993 and 2009 by using the regional moment tensor inversion method using digital data from several hundred stations in the Taiwan Strong Motion Instrumentation Program (TSMIP). By testing different velocity models and filter passbands, we were able to successfully derive moment tensor solutions for 107 earthquakes of M</span><sub>w</sub><span>&nbsp;</span><span>&gt;=</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>4.8. The solutions for large events agree well with other available moment tensor catalogs derived from local and global broadband networks. However, for M</span><sub>w</sub><span>&nbsp;</span><span>=</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>5.0 or smaller events, we consistently over estimated the moment magnitudes by 0.5 to 1.0. We have tested accelerograms, and velocity waveforms integrated from accelerograms for the inversions, and found the results are similar. In addition, we used part of the catalogs to study important seismogenic structures in the area near Meishan Taiwan which was the site of a very damaging earthquake a century ago, and found that the structures were dominated by events with complex right-lateral strike-slip faulting during the recent decade. The procedures developed from this study may be applied to other strong-motion datasets to compliment or fill gaps in catalogs from regional broadband networks and teleseismic networks.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.tecto.2011.08.020","usgsCitation":"Chang, K., Chi, W., Gung, Y., Dreger, D., Lee, W.H., and Chiu, H., 2011, Moment tensor inversions using strong motion waveforms of Taiwan TSMIP data, 1993–2009: Tectonophysics, v. 511, no. 1-2, p. 53-66, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2011.08.020.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"53","endPage":"66","ipdsId":"IP-029382","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":347497,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Taiwan","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              119,\n              21\n            ],\n            [\n              123,\n              21\n            ],\n            [\n              123,\n              26\n            ],\n            [\n              119,\n              26\n            ],\n            [\n              119,\n              21\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"511","issue":"1-2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a07f34ee4b09af898c8cdc9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chang, Kaiwen","contributorId":198558,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chang","given":"Kaiwen","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":716448,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chi, Wu-Cheng","contributorId":26148,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chi","given":"Wu-Cheng","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":716449,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gung, Yuancheng","contributorId":198560,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gung","given":"Yuancheng","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":716450,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dreger, Douglas","contributorId":20221,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dreger","given":"Douglas","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":716451,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lee, William H. 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,{"id":70236354,"text":"70236354 - 2011 - To burn or not to burn Oriental bittersweet: A fire manager’s conundrum","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-02T18:12:18.931043","indexId":"70236354","displayToPublicDate":"2011-09-30T13:05:02","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"title":"To burn or not to burn Oriental bittersweet: A fire manager’s conundrum","docAbstract":"<p>This is the third progress report detailing the research about Oriental bittersweet (<i>Celastrus orbiculatus</i>) and fire which has been ongoing for three years. We highlight the further results from three components of the study: 1) Susceptibility of different habitats to invasion of Oriental bittersweet, 2) The impact of fire on established individuals of Oriental bittersweet, and 3) Modeling Oriental bittersweet invasion proliferation and presence on the basis of fire history and vegetation. </p>","language":"English","publisher":"Joint Fire Science Program","usgsCitation":"Pavlovic, N.B., Leicht-Young, S.A., Morford, D., and Mulconrey, N., 2011, To burn or not to burn Oriental bittersweet: A fire manager’s conundrum, 39 p.","productDescription":"39 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":406162,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":406161,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.firescience.gov/projects/08-1-2-10/project/08-1-2-10_PavlovicJFSPThirdReport2011.pdf","size":"1173 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United 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