{"pageNumber":"739","pageRowStart":"18450","pageSize":"25","recordCount":40783,"records":[{"id":70005481,"text":"ofr20111191 - 2011 - Simulated changes in salinity in the York and Chickahominy Rivers from projected sea-level rise in Chesapeake Bay","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-12T08:38:33","indexId":"ofr20111191","displayToPublicDate":"2011-09-22T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-1191","title":"Simulated changes in salinity in the York and Chickahominy Rivers from projected sea-level rise in Chesapeake Bay","docAbstract":"As a result of climate change and variability, sea level is rising throughout the world, but the rate along the east coast of the United States is higher than the global mean rate. The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the City of Newport News, Virginia, conducted a study to evaluate the effects of possible future sea-level rise on the salinity front in two tributaries to Chesapeake Bay, the York River, and the Chickahominy/James River estuaries. Numerical modeling was used to represent sea-level rise and the resulting hydrologic effects. Estuarine models for the two tributaries were developed and model simulations were made by use of the Three-Dimensional Hydrodynamic-Eutrophication Model (HEM-3D), developed by the Virginia Institute of Marine Science. HEM-3D was used to simulate tides, tidal currents, and salinity for Chesapeake Bay, the York River and the Chickahominy/James River. The three sea-level rise scenarios that were evaluated showed an increase of 30, 50, and 100 centimeters (cm). Model results for both estuaries indicated that high freshwater river flow was effective in pushing the salinity back toward Chesapeake Bay. Model results indicated that increases in mean salinity will greatly alter the existing water-quality gradients between brackish water and freshwater. This will be particularly important for the freshwater part of the Chickahominy River, where a drinking-water-supply intake for the City of Newport News is located. Significant changes in the salinity gradients for the York River and Chickahominy/James River estuaries were predicted for the three sea-level rise scenarios. When a 50-cm sea-level rise scenario on the York River during a typical year (2005) was used, the model simulation showed a salinity of 15 parts per thousand (ppt) at river kilometer (km) 39. During a dry year (2002), the same salinity (15 ppt) was simulated at river km 45, which means that saltwater was shown to migrate 6 km farther upstream during a dry year than a typical year. The same was true of the Chickahominy River for a 50-cm sea-level rise scenario but to a greater extent; a salinity of 4 ppt was simulated at river km 13 during a typical year and at river km 28 during a dry year, indicating that saltwater migrated 15 km farther upstream during a dry year. Near a drinking-water intake on the Chickahominy River, for a dry year, salinity is predicted to more than double for all three sea-level rise scenarios, relative to a typical year. During a typical year at this location, salinity is predicted to increase to 0.006, 0.07, and more than 2 ppt for the 30-, 50-, and 100-cm rise scenarios, respectively.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20111191","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the City of Newport News","usgsCitation":"Rice, K.C., Bennett, M., and Shen, J., 2011, Simulated changes in salinity in the York and Chickahominy Rivers from projected sea-level rise in Chesapeake Bay: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1191, vi, 31 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111191.","productDescription":"vi, 31 p.","numberOfPages":"42","costCenters":[{"id":614,"text":"Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116509,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2011_1191.gif"},{"id":333063,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1191/pdf/ofr20111191.pdf"},{"id":94179,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1191/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Virginia","city":"Newport News","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -77.66666666666667,36.5 ], [ -77.66666666666667,38.25 ], [ -76,38.25 ], [ -76,36.5 ], [ -77.66666666666667,36.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49b6e4b07f02db5cb847","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rice, Karen C. 0000-0002-9356-5443 kcrice@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9356-5443","contributorId":1998,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rice","given":"Karen","email":"kcrice@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":614,"text":"Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":352635,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bennett, Mark mrbennet@usgs.gov","contributorId":2147,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bennett","given":"Mark","email":"mrbennet@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":614,"text":"Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":352636,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shen, Jian","contributorId":81242,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shen","given":"Jian","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352637,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70005479,"text":"ofr20111243 - 2011 - Simulating daily water temperatures of the Klamath River under dam removal and climate change scenarios","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:24","indexId":"ofr20111243","displayToPublicDate":"2011-09-22T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-1243","title":"Simulating daily water temperatures of the Klamath River under dam removal and climate change scenarios","docAbstract":"A one-dimensional daily averaged water temperature model was used to simulate Klamath River temperatures for two management alternatives under historical climate conditions and six future climate scenarios. The analysis was conducted for the Secretarial Determination on removal of four hydroelectric dams on the Klamath River. In 2012, the Secretary of the Interior will determine if dam removal and implementation of the Klamath Basin Restoration Agreement (KBRA) (Klamath Basin Restoration Agreement, 2010) will advance restoration of salmonid fisheries and is in the public interest. If the Secretary decides dam removal is appropriate, then the four dams are scheduled for removal in 2020.\nWater temperature simulations were conducted to compare the effect of two management alternatives: the no-action alternative where dams remain in place, and the action alternative where dam removal occurs in 2020 along with habitat restoration. Each management alternative was simulated under historical climate conditions (1961-2010) and six 50-year (2012-2061) climate scenarios. The model selected for the study, River Basin Model-10 (RBM10), was used to simulate water temperatures over a 253-mile reach of the Klamath River located in south-central Oregon and northern California. RBM10 uses a simple equilibrium flow model, assuming discharge in each river segment on each day is transmitted downstream instantaneously. The model uses a heat budget formulation to quantify heat flux at the air-water interface. Inputs for the heat budget were calculated from daily-mean meteorological data, including net shortwave solar radiation, net longwave atmospheric radiation, air temperature, wind speed, vapor pressure, and a psychrometric constant needed to calculate the Bowen ratio. The modeling domain was divided into nine reaches ranging in length from 10.8 to 42.4 miles, which were calibrated and validated separately with measured water temperature data collected irregularly from 1961 to 2010. Calibration root mean square errors of observed versus simulated water temperatures for the nine reaches ranged from 0.8 to 1.5 degrees C. Mean absolute errors ranged from 0.6 to 1.2 degrees C. For model validation, a k-fold cross-validation technique was used. Validation root mean square error and mean absolute error for the nine reaches ranged from 0.8 to 1.4 degrees C and 0.8 to 1.2 degrees C, respectively.\nInput data for the six future climate scenarios (2012-2061) were derived from historical hydrological and meteorological data and simulated meteorological output from five Global Circulation Models. Total Maximum Daily Loads or other regulatory processes that might reduce future water temperatures were not included in the simulations. Under the current climate conditions scenario, impacts of dam removal on water temperatures were greatest near Iron Gate Dam (near Yreka, California) and were attenuated in the lower reaches of the Klamath River. May and October simulated mean water temperatures increased and decreased by approximately 1-2 degrees C and 2-4 degrees C, respectively, downstream of Iron Gate Dam after dam removal. Dam removal also resulted in an earlier annual temperature cycle shift of 18 days, 5 days, and 2 days, near Iron Gate Dam, Scott River, and Trinity River, respectively. Although the magnitude of precipitation and air temperature change predicted by the five Global Circulation Models varied, all five models resulted in progressive incremental increases in water temperatures with each decade from 2012 to 2061. However, dam removal under KBRA appeared to delay the effects of climate change to some extent near Iron Gate Dam. With dam removal under KBRA, annual-mean water temperatures exceeded the 49-year historical mean temperature beginning in 2045; whereas with dams, annual-mean temperatures exceeded the historical mean beginning in 2025.\nPotential changes in seasonal water temperatures resulting from dam removal, with or without future climat","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20111243","usgsCitation":"Perry, R.W., Risley, J.C., Brewer, S.J., Jones, E., and Rondorf, D.W., 2011, Simulating daily water temperatures of the Klamath River under dam removal and climate change scenarios: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1243, vi, 56 p.; Appendix, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111243.","productDescription":"vi, 56 p.; Appendix","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116300,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2011_1243.jpg"},{"id":94176,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1243/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -125,40.75 ], [ -125,43 ], [ -121,43 ], [ -121,40.75 ], [ -125,40.75 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abde4b07f02db673bb9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Perry, Russell W. 0000-0003-4110-8619 rperry@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4110-8619","contributorId":2820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perry","given":"Russell","email":"rperry@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":352624,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Risley, John C. 0000-0002-8206-5443 jrisley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8206-5443","contributorId":2698,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Risley","given":"John","email":"jrisley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":352623,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brewer, Scott J. sbrewer@usgs.gov","contributorId":4407,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brewer","given":"Scott","email":"sbrewer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":352626,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jones, Edward C.","contributorId":20603,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"Edward C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352627,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Rondorf, Dennis W. drondorf@usgs.gov","contributorId":2970,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rondorf","given":"Dennis","email":"drondorf@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":352625,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70003928,"text":"70003928 - 2011 - Observations of debris flows at Chalk Cliffs, Colorado, USA: Part 1, in-situ measurements of flow dynamics, tracer particle movement and video imagery from the summer of 2009","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-07-05T09:31:32","indexId":"70003928","displayToPublicDate":"2011-09-21T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2122,"text":"Italian Journal of Engineering Geology and Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Observations of debris flows at Chalk Cliffs, Colorado, USA: Part 1, in-situ measurements of flow dynamics, tracer particle movement and video imagery from the summer of 2009","docAbstract":"Debris flows initiated by surface-water runoff during short duration, moderate- to high-intensity rainfall are common in steep, rocky, and sparsely vegetated terrain. Yet large uncertainties remain about the potential for a flow to grow through entrainment of loose debris, which make formulation of accurate mechanical models of debris-flow routing difficult. Using a combination of in situ measurements of debris flow dynamics, video imagery, tracer rocks implanted with passive integrated transponders (PIT) and pre- and post-flow 2-cm resolution digital terrain models (terrain data presented in a companion paper by STALEY et alii, 2011), we investigated the entrainment and transport response of debris flows at Chalk Cliffs, CO, USA. Four monitored events during the summer of 2009 all initiated from surface-water runoff, generally less than an hour after the first measurable rain. Despite reach-scale morphology that remained relatively constant, the four flow events displayed a range of responses, from long-runout flows that entrained significant amounts of channel sediment and dammed the main-stem river, to smaller, short-runout flows that were primarily depositional in the upper basin. Tracer-rock travel-distance distributions for these events were bimodal; particles either remained immobile or they travelled the entire length of the catchment. The long-runout, large-entrainment flow differed from the other smaller flows by the following controlling factors: peak 10-minute rain intensity; duration of significant flow in the channel; and to a lesser extent, peak surge depth and velocity. Our growing database of natural debris-flow events can be used to develop linkages between observed debris-flow transport and entrainment responses and the controlling rainstorm characteristics and flow properties.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Italian Journal of Engineering Geology and Environment: 5th International Conference on Debris-Flow Hazards Mitigation: Mechanics, Prediction and Assessment, Padua, Italy - 14-17 June 2011","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Casa Editrice Università La Sapienza","doi":"10.4408/IJEGE.2011-03.B-078","usgsCitation":"McCoy, S.W., Coe, J.A., Kean, J.W., Tucker, G.E., Staley, D.M., and Wasklewicz, T.A., 2011, Observations of debris flows at Chalk Cliffs, Colorado, USA: Part 1, in-situ measurements of flow dynamics, tracer particle movement and video imagery from the summer of 2009: Italian Journal of Engineering Geology and Environment, p. 715-726, https://doi.org/10.4408/IJEGE.2011-03.B-078.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"715","endPage":"726","temporalStart":"2009-06-21","temporalEnd":"2009-09-20","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":204452,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":274482,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.4408/IJEGE.2011-03.B-078"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Chalk Cliffs","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -109.0603,36.9924 ], [ -109.0603,41.0034 ], [ -102.0409,41.0034 ], [ -102.0409,36.9924 ], [ -109.0603,36.9924 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afce4b07f02db6965a9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McCoy, Scott W.","contributorId":94954,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCoy","given":"Scott","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349556,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Coe, Jeffrey A. 0000-0002-0842-9608 jcoe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0842-9608","contributorId":1333,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coe","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jcoe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":309,"text":"Geology and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":349551,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kean, Jason W. 0000-0003-3089-0369 jwkean@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3089-0369","contributorId":1654,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kean","given":"Jason","email":"jwkean@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":349552,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Tucker, Greg E.","contributorId":23422,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tucker","given":"Greg","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349554,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Staley, Dennis M. 0000-0002-2239-3402 dstaley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2239-3402","contributorId":4134,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Staley","given":"Dennis","email":"dstaley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":349553,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Wasklewicz, Thad A.","contributorId":39275,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wasklewicz","given":"Thad","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349555,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70005469,"text":"sir20115116 - 2011 - Hydrogeology and simulation of groundwater flow at the Green Valley reclaimed coal refuse site near Terre Haute, Indiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:41","indexId":"sir20115116","displayToPublicDate":"2011-09-21T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-5116","title":"Hydrogeology and simulation of groundwater flow at the Green Valley reclaimed coal refuse site near Terre Haute, Indiana","docAbstract":"The Green Valley reclaimed coal refuse site, near Terre Haute, Ind., was mined for coal from 1948 to 1963. Subsurface coal was cleaned and sorted at land surface, and waste material was deposited over the native glacial till. Approximately 2.7 million cubic yards of waste was deposited over 159 acres (92.3 hectares) in tailings ponds and gob piles. During 1993, the Indiana Department of Natural Resources, Division of Reclamation, improved the site by grading gob piles, filling tailings ponds, and covering the refuse with a layer of glacial drift. During 2008, the Division of Reclamation and U.S. Geological Survey initiated a cooperative investigation to characterize the hydrogeology of the site and construct a calibrated groundwater flow model that could be used to simulate the results of future remedial actions. In support of the modeling, a data-collection network was installed at the Green Valley site to measure weather components, geophysical properties, groundwater levels, and stream and seep flow. Results of the investigation indicate that (1) there is negligible overland flow from the site, (2) the prevailing groundwater-flow direction is from northeast to southwest, with a much smaller drainage to the northeast, (3) there is not a direct hydraulic connection between the refuse and West Little Sugar Creek, (4) about 24 percent of the groundwater recharge emerges through seeps, and water from the seeps evaporates or eventually flows to West Little Sugar Creek and the Green Valley Mine Pond, and (5) about 72 percent of groundwater recharge moves vertically downward from the coal refuse into the till and follows long, slow flow paths to eventual dischage points.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20115116","usgsCitation":"Bayless, E.R., Arihood, L.D., and Fowler, K.K., 2011, Hydrogeology and simulation of groundwater flow at the Green Valley reclaimed coal refuse site near Terre Haute, Indiana: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5116, vii, 54 p.; Appendices, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20115116.","productDescription":"vii, 54 p.; Appendices","startPage":"i","endPage":"70","numberOfPages":"77","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2008-05-01","temporalEnd":"2009-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116314,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2011_5116.gif"},{"id":94163,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5116/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"100000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator projection","datum":"NAD83","country":"United States","state":"Indiana","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -88.16666666666667,37.75 ], [ -88.16666666666667,42 ], [ -84.75,42 ], [ -84.75,37.75 ], [ -88.16666666666667,37.75 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4be4b07f02db6253f7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bayless, E. Randall 0000-0002-0357-3635","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0357-3635","contributorId":42586,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bayless","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"Randall","affiliations":[{"id":35860,"text":"Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":352594,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Arihood, Leslie D. 0000-0001-5792-3699 larihood@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5792-3699","contributorId":2357,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arihood","given":"Leslie","email":"larihood@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":35860,"text":"Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":352592,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fowler, Kathleen K. 0000-0002-0107-3848 kkfowler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0107-3848","contributorId":2439,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fowler","given":"Kathleen","email":"kkfowler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":35860,"text":"Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27231,"text":"Indiana-Kentucky Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":352593,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70005470,"text":"ofr20111210 - 2011 - CRevolution 2—Origin and evolution of the Colorado River system, workshop abstracts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-28T14:41:19","indexId":"ofr20111210","displayToPublicDate":"2011-09-21T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-1210","title":"CRevolution 2—Origin and evolution of the Colorado River system, workshop abstracts","docAbstract":"A 2010 Colorado River symposium, held in Flagstaff, Arizona, involved 70 participants who engaged in intense debate about the origin and evolution of the Colorado River system. This symposium, built upon two previous decadal scientific meetings, focused on forging scientific consensus, where possible, while articulating continued controversies regarding the Cenozoic evolution of the Colorado River System and the landscapes of the Colorado Plateau-Rocky Mountain region that it drains. New developments involved hypotheses that Neogene mantle flow is driving plateau tilting and differential uplift and new and controversial hypotheses for the pre-6 Ma presence and evolution of ancestral rivers that may be important in the history and birth of the present Colorado River. There is a consensus that plateau tilt and uplift models must be tested with multidisciplinary studies involving differential incision studies and additional geochronology and thermochronology to determine the relative importance of tectonic and geomorphic forces that shape the spectacular landscapes of the Colorado Plateau, Arizona and region. In addition to the scientific goals, the meeting participants emphasized the iconic status of Grand Canyon for geosciences and the importance of good communication between the research community, the geoscience education/interpretation community, the public, and the media. Building on a century-long tradition, this region still provides a globally important natural laboratory for studies of the interactions of erosion and tectonism in shaping the landscape of elevated plateaus.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20111210","usgsCitation":"2011, CRevolution 2—Origin and evolution of the Colorado River system, workshop abstracts: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1210, vi, 295 p.; Appendices, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111210.","productDescription":"vi, 295 p.; Appendices","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":670,"text":"Western Region Geology and Geophysics Field Science Center-Flagstaff","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116312,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2011_1210.gif"},{"id":94167,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1210/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Colorado River System","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -116,30 ], [ -116,45 ], [ -105,45 ], [ -105,30 ], [ -116,30 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a07e4b07f02db5f9816","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Beard, L. Sue 0000-0001-9552-1893 sbeard@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9552-1893","contributorId":152,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beard","given":"L.","email":"sbeard@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Sue","affiliations":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":725431,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Karlstrom, Karl E.","contributorId":75597,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Karlstrom","given":"Karl","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":725432,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Young, Richard A.","contributorId":38975,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Young","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":725433,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Billingsley, George H.","contributorId":20711,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Billingsley","given":"George","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":725434,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70003625,"text":"70003625 - 2011 - Transient surface liquid in Titan's south polar region from Cassini","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-26T16:21:08.178749","indexId":"70003625","displayToPublicDate":"2011-09-21T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1963,"text":"Icarus","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Transient surface liquid in Titan's south polar region from Cassini","docAbstract":"<p id=\"sp005\">Cassini RADAR images of Titan’s south polar region acquired during southern summer contain lake features which disappear between observations. These features show a tenfold increases in backscatter cross-section between images acquired one year apart, which is inconsistent with common scattering models without invoking temporal variability. The morphologic boundaries are transient, further supporting changes in lake level. These observations are consistent with the exposure of diffusely scattering lakebeds that were previously hidden by an attenuating liquid medium. We use a two-layer model to explain backscatter variations and estimate a drop in liquid depth of approximately 1-m-per-year. On larger scales, we observe shoreline recession between ISS and RADAR images of Ontario Lacus, the largest lake in Titan’s south polar region. The recession, occurring between June 2005 and July 2009, is inversely proportional to slopes estimated from altimetric profiles and the exponential decay of near-shore backscatter, consistent with a uniform reduction of 4&nbsp;±&nbsp;1.3&nbsp;m in lake depth.</p><p id=\"sp010\">Of the potential explanations for observed surface changes, we favor evaporation and infiltration. The disappearance of dark features and the recession of Ontario’s shoreline represents volatile transport in an active methane-based hydrologic cycle. Observed loss rates are compared and shown to be consistent with available global circulation models. To date, no unambiguous changes in lake level have been observed between repeat images in the north polar region, although further investigation is warranted. These observations constrain volatile flux rates in Titan’s hydrologic system and demonstrate that the surface plays an active role in its evolution. Constraining these seasonal changes represents the first step toward our understanding of longer climate cycles that may determine liquid distribution on Titan over orbital time periods.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/j.icarus.2010.08.017","usgsCitation":"Hayes, A., Aharonson, O., Lunine, J., Kirk, R.L., Zebker, H., Wye, L.C., Lorenz, R.D., Turtle, E.P., Paillou, P., Mitri, G., Wall, S.D., Stofan, E.R., Mitchell, K.L., and Elachi, C., 2011, Transient surface liquid in Titan's south polar region from Cassini: Icarus, v. 211, no. 1, p. 655-671, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2010.08.017.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"655","endPage":"671","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":204432,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Saturn, Titan","volume":"211","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b00e4b07f02db697f9f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hayes, A. G.","contributorId":31098,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hayes","given":"A. G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347998,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Aharonson, O.","contributorId":105030,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Aharonson","given":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348011,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lunine, J. I.","contributorId":51899,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lunine","given":"J. I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348002,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kirk, R. L.","contributorId":94698,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kirk","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348008,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Zebker, H. A.","contributorId":90457,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zebker","given":"H. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348007,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Wye, L. C.","contributorId":72116,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wye","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348004,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Lorenz, R. D.","contributorId":90441,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lorenz","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348006,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Turtle, E. P.","contributorId":44281,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Turtle","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348000,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Paillou, P.","contributorId":45043,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paillou","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348001,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Mitri, Giuseppe","contributorId":35052,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mitri","given":"Giuseppe","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347999,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Wall, S. D.","contributorId":86468,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wall","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348005,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Stofan, E. R.","contributorId":103403,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stofan","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348009,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Mitchell, K. L.","contributorId":62734,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mitchell","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348003,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Elachi, C.","contributorId":104606,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Elachi","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348010,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14}]}}
,{"id":70005465,"text":"sir20115068 - 2011 - Hydrogeologic and geochemical characterization of groundwater resources in Rush Valley, Tooele County, Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-19T16:23:13","indexId":"sir20115068","displayToPublicDate":"2011-09-20T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-5068","title":"Hydrogeologic and geochemical characterization of groundwater resources in Rush Valley, Tooele County, Utah","docAbstract":"<p>The water resources of Rush Valley were assessed during 2008–2010 with an emphasis on refining the understanding of the groundwater-flow system and updating the groundwater budget. Surface-water resources within Rush Valley are limited and are generally used for agriculture. Groundwater is the principal water source for most other uses including supplementing irrigation. Most groundwater withdrawal in Rush Valley is from the unconsolidated basin-fill aquifer where conditions are generally unconfined near the mountain front and confined at lower altitudes near the valley center. Productive aquifers also occur in fractured bedrock along the valley margins and beneath the basin-fill deposits in some areas.</p><p>Drillers’ logs and geophysical gravity data were compiled and used to delineate seven hydrogeologic units important to basin-wide groundwater movement. The principal basin-fill aquifer includes the unconsolidated Quaternary-age alluvial and lacustrine deposits of (1) the upper basin-fill aquifer unit (UBFAU) and the consolidated and semiconsolidated Tertiary-age lacustrine and alluvial deposits of (2) the lower basin-fill aquifer unit (LBFAU). Bedrock hydrogeologic units include (3) the Tertiary-age volcanic unit (VU), (4) the Pennsylvanian- to Permian-age upper carbonate aquifer unit (UCAU), (5) the upper Mississippian- to lower Pennsylvanian-age upper siliciclastic confining unit (USCU), (6) the Middle Cambrian- to Mississippian-age lower carbonate aquifer unit (LCAU), and (7) the Precambrian- to Lower Cambrian-age noncarbonate confining unit (NCCU). Most productive bedrock wells in the Rush Valley groundwater basin are in the UCAU.</p><p>Average annual recharge to the Rush Valley groundwater basin is estimated to be about 39,000 acre-feet. Nearly all recharge occurs as direct infiltration of snowmelt and rainfall within the mountains with smaller amounts occurring as infiltration of streamflow and unconsumed irrigation water at or near the mountain front. Groundwater generally flows from the higher altitude recharge areas toward two distinct valley-bottom discharge areas: one in the vicinity of Rush Lake in northern Rush Valley and the other located west and north of Vernon. Average annual discharge from the Rush Valley groundwater basin is estimated to be about 43,000 acre-feet. Most discharge occurs as evapotranspiration in the valley lowlands, as discharge to springs and streams, and as withdrawal from wells. Subsurface discharge outflow to Tooele and Cedar Valleys makes up only a small fraction of natural discharge.</p><p>Groundwater samples were collected from 25 sites (24 wells and one spring) for geochemical analysis. Dissolved-solids concentrations in water from these sites ranged from 181 to 1,590 milligrams per liter. Samples from seven wells contained arsenic concentrations that exceed the Environmental Protection Agency Maximum Contaminant Level of 10 micrograms per liter. The highest arsenic levels are found north of Vernon and in southeastern Rush Valley. Stable-isotope ratios of oxygen and deuterium, along with dissolved-gas recharge temperatures, indicate that nearly all modern groundwater is meteoric and derived from the infiltration of high altitude precipitation in the mountains. These data are consistent with recharge estimates made using a Basin Characterization Model of net infiltration that shows nearly all recharge occurring as infiltration of precipitation and snowmelt within the mountains surrounding Rush Valley. Tritium concentrations between 0.4 and 10 tritium units indicate the presence of modern (less than 60 years old) groundwater at 7 of the 25 sample sites. Apparent<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>3</sup>H/<sup>3</sup>He ages, calculated for six of these sites, range from 3 to 35 years. Adjusted minimum radiocarbon ages of premodern water samples range from about 1,600 to 42,000 years with samples from 11 of 13 sites being more than 11,000 years. These data help to identify areas where modern groundwater is circulating through the hydrologic system on time scales of decades or less and indicate that large parts of the principal basin-fill and the bedrock aquifers are much less active and receive little to no modern recharge.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20115068","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the State of Utah Department of Natural Resources","usgsCitation":"Gardner, P.M., and Kirby, S., 2011, Hydrogeologic and geochemical characterization of groundwater resources in Rush Valley, Tooele County, Utah: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5068, viii, 68 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20115068.","productDescription":"viii, 68 p.","numberOfPages":"80","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116310,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2011_5068.jpg"},{"id":94161,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5068/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -112.66666666666667,39.833333333333336 ], [ -112.66666666666667,40.5 ], [ -112.08333333333333,40.5 ], [ -112.08333333333333,39.833333333333336 ], [ -112.66666666666667,39.833333333333336 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a50e4b07f02db628d9b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gardner, Philip M. 0000-0003-3005-3587 pgardner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3005-3587","contributorId":962,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gardner","given":"Philip","email":"pgardner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":352565,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kirby, Stefan","contributorId":14563,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kirby","given":"Stefan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352566,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70005461,"text":"sir20105193 - 2011 - Conceptual model of the Great Basin carbonate and alluvial aquifer system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-12T16:43:39","indexId":"sir20105193","displayToPublicDate":"2011-09-20T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-5193","title":"Conceptual model of the Great Basin carbonate and alluvial aquifer system","docAbstract":"<p>A conceptual model of the Great Basin carbonate and alluvial aquifer system (GBCAAS) was developed by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) for a regional assessment of groundwater availability as part of a national water census. The study area is an expansion of a previous USGS Regional Aquifer Systems Analysis (RASA) study conducted during the 1980s and 1990s of the carbonate-rock province of the Great Basin. The geographic extent of the study area is 110,000 mi<sup>2</sup>, predominantly in eastern Nevada and western Utah, and includes 165 hydrographic areas (HAs) and 17 regional groundwater flow systems.</p><p>A three-dimensional hydrogeologic framework was constructed that defines the physical geometry and rock types through which groundwater moves. The diverse sedimentary units of the GBCAAS study area are grouped into hydrogeologic units (HGUs) that are inferred to have reasonably distinct hydrologic properties due to their physical characteristics. These HGUs are commonly disrupted by large-magnitude offset thrust, strike-slip, and normal faults, and locally affected by caldera formation. The most permeable aquifer materials within the study area include Cenozoic unconsolidated sediments and volcanic rocks, along with Mesozoic and Paleozoic carbonate rocks. The framework was built by extracting and combining information from digital elevation models, geologic maps, cross sections, drill hole logs, existing hydrogeologic frameworks, and geophysical data.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20105193","usgsCitation":"2011, Conceptual model of the Great Basin carbonate and alluvial aquifer system: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2010-5193, Report: xii, 192 p.; 2 Plates, Auxiliary 1-6. A8-1; downloads.zip; Chapter A, Chapter B, Chapter C, Chapter D, Appendix 1, Appendix 2, Appendix 3, Appendix 4, Appendix 5, Appendix 6, Appendix 7, Appendix 8, Plate 1,Plate 2; Instructions, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20105193.","productDescription":"Report: xii, 192 p.; 2 Plates, Auxiliary 1-6. A8-1; downloads.zip; Chapter A, Chapter B, Chapter C, Chapter D, Appendix 1, Appendix 2, Appendix 3, Appendix 4, Appendix 5, Appendix 6, Appendix 7, Appendix 8, Plate 1,Plate 2; Instructions","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116318,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2010_5193.jpg"},{"id":345678,"rank":5,"type":{"id":23,"text":"Spatial Data"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/GIS/metadata/usgswrd/XML/sir2010_5193_3D_HGF.xml","text":"Raster Digital Data: ","linkHelpText":"Three-dimensional hydrogeologic framework for the Great Basin carbonate and alluvial aquifer system of Nevada, Utah, and parts of adjacent states"},{"id":345679,"rank":6,"type":{"id":23,"text":"Spatial Data"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/GIS/metadata/usgswrd/XML/sir2010_5193_potentiometric1000.xml","text":"Vector Digital Data: ","linkHelpText":"1:1,000,000-scale potentiometric contours and control points for the Great Basin carbonate and alluvial aquifer system of Nevada, Utah, and parts of adjacent states"},{"id":334915,"rank":3,"type":{"id":23,"text":"Spatial Data"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/GIS/metadata/usgswrd/XML/sir2010_5193_ha1000.xml","text":"Vector Digital Data: ","linkHelpText":"1:1,000,000-scale hydrographic areas and flow systems for the Great Basin carbonate and alluvial aquifer system of Nevada, Utah, and parts of adjacent states "},{"id":334916,"rank":4,"type":{"id":23,"text":"Spatial Data"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/GIS/metadata/usgswrd/XML/sir2010_5193_GWdisch1000.xml","text":"Vector Digital Data: ","linkHelpText":"1:1,000,000-scale estimated outer extent of areas of groundwater discharge as evapotranspiration for the Great Basin carbonate and alluvial aquifer system of Nevada, Utah, and parts of adjacent states "},{"id":94159,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5193/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","otherGeospatial":"Great Basin Carbonate and Alluvial Aquifer System","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -121,34 ], [ -121,43 ], [ -111,43 ], [ -111,34 ], [ -121,34 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b02e4b07f02db698a32","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Heilweil, Victor M. heilweil@usgs.gov","contributorId":837,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heilweil","given":"Victor","email":"heilweil@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":508281,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brooks, Lynette E. 0000-0002-9074-0939 lebrooks@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9074-0939","contributorId":2718,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brooks","given":"Lynette","email":"lebrooks@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":508282,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70005459,"text":"fs20113080 - 2011 - Land-cover change research at the U.S. Geological Survey-assessing our nation's dynamic land surface","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:59","indexId":"fs20113080","displayToPublicDate":"2011-09-20T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-3080","title":"Land-cover change research at the U.S. Geological Survey-assessing our nation's dynamic land surface","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) recently completed an unprecedented, 27-year assessment of land-use and land-cover change for the conterminous United States. For the period 1973 to 2000, scientists generated estimates of change in major types of land use and land cover, such as development, mining, agriculture, forest, grasslands, and wetlands. To help provide the insight that our Nation will need to make land-use decisions in coming decades, the historical trends data is now being used by the USGS to help model potential future land use/land cover under different scenarios, including climate, environmental, economic, population, public policy, and technological change.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20113080","usgsCitation":"Wilson, T.S., 2011, Land-cover change research at the U.S. Geological Survey-assessing our nation's dynamic land surface: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2011-3080, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20113080.","productDescription":"2 p.","temporalStart":"1973-01-01","temporalEnd":"2000-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116316,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2011_3080.gif"},{"id":94156,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2011/3080/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -127,23 ], [ -127,49 ], [ -65.5,49 ], [ -65.5,23 ], [ -127,23 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b23e4b07f02db6adf0e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wilson, Tamara S.","contributorId":36640,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"Tamara","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352559,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70005445,"text":"ofr20111235 - 2011 - An analysis of spatial relation predicates in U.S. Geological Survey feature definitions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:52","indexId":"ofr20111235","displayToPublicDate":"2011-09-19T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-1235","title":"An analysis of spatial relation predicates in U.S. Geological Survey feature definitions","docAbstract":"The Semantic Web uses a data model called a triple, which consists of a subject -predicate - object structure. When represented as triples, geospatial data require a spatial relation term to serve as the predicate linking two spatial features. This document summarizes the approaches and procedures used during the identification of spatial relationships common between topographic features using terms from topographic data standards. This project identified verb-predicate arguments that could be used in the creation of data triples and ontologies for The National Map of the U.S. Geological Survey and also investigated the possibility of deriving ontology from predefined textual definitions. The primary purpose of this report is to present the data used for subsequent analysis. A summary of terms organized by basic categories is provided.\nKeywords: semantic technology, geospatial relations, topographic data","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20111235","usgsCitation":"Caro, H.K., and Varanka, D.E., 2011, An analysis of spatial relation predicates in U.S. Geological Survey feature definitions: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1235, iii, 6 p.; Appendices, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111235.","productDescription":"iii, 6 p.; Appendices","costCenters":[{"id":161,"text":"Center of Excellence for Geospatial Information Science (CEGIS)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":94138,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1235/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":116296,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2011_1235.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adae4b07f02db6857e6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Caro, Holly K.","contributorId":59548,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Caro","given":"Holly","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352528,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Varanka, Dalia E. 0000-0003-2857-9600 dvaranka@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2857-9600","contributorId":1296,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Varanka","given":"Dalia","email":"dvaranka@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":5074,"text":"Center for Geospatial Information Science (CEGIS)","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":404,"text":"NGTOC Rolla","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":352527,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70005447,"text":"ofr20111218 - 2011 - Site-specific seismic-hazard maps and deaggregation in the western United States using the NGA models for ground-motion prediction","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:58","indexId":"ofr20111218","displayToPublicDate":"2011-09-19T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-1218","title":"Site-specific seismic-hazard maps and deaggregation in the western United States using the NGA models for ground-motion prediction","docAbstract":"The 2008 National Seismic Hazard Mapping Project (NSHMP) update for the conterminous United States employs several new ground-motion prediction equations which include modern empirical models of linear and nonlinear site response to local and regional earthquakes. The recent availability of attenuation functions incorporating site conditions via Vs30 values permits the calculation of site-specific hazard maps for a wide range of spectral accelerations. I compare alternative site specific hazard maps using Vs30 values estimated according to the methods of Wills and Clahan (2006), Wald and Allen (2007), and Yong and others (in press). These maps are presented for 5-hertz (Hz) and 3-second spectral accelerations having 2 percent probability of exceedance in 50 years for central California and the western part of southern California.\nBecause these attenuations incorporate nonlinear site response for the larger ground motions, the site-specific probabilistic ground motions for the western United States can show either increases or decreases with respect to the firm-rock site condition. Furthermore, the ground motions on soil can be different from those that are predicted by applying National Earthquake Hazard Reduction Program recommendations for adjusting rock values to account for the soil column. One finding of this investigation is that at high spectral frequencies, strong differences in the site's Vs30 estimates often result in relatively small differences in probabilistic ground motion in western California or other tectonically active regions.\nIn addition, this report shows how incorporating geologic site condition information alters the values of the dominating magnitudes and distances in deaggregation-5-Hz values for a site near San Quentin, Calif., and 5-Hz and 1-Hz values for Harbor Island near Seattle, Wash. These deaggregations show that the modal event can shift from a larger closer source to a more distant, perhaps smaller source when nonlinear soil behavior is explicitly included in the hazard integral. The potential shift in the mode when considering the soil column's effect ought to be carefully considered by engineers who select scenario events based in part on the distribution in magnitude, distance, and epsilon space.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20111218","usgsCitation":"Harmsen, S., 2011, Site-specific seismic-hazard maps and deaggregation in the western United States using the NGA models for ground-motion prediction: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1218, iv, 67 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111218.","productDescription":"iv, 67 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116295,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2011_1218.gif"},{"id":94139,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1218/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -125,28 ], [ -125,50 ], [ -100,50 ], [ -100,28 ], [ -125,28 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f6e4b07f02db5f1284","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harmsen, Stephen","contributorId":95977,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harmsen","given":"Stephen","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352529,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70005435,"text":"sir20115155 - 2011 - Numerical simulation of groundwater flow for the Yakima River basin aquifer system, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:41","indexId":"sir20115155","displayToPublicDate":"2011-09-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-5155","title":"Numerical simulation of groundwater flow for the Yakima River basin aquifer system, Washington","docAbstract":"A regional, three-dimensional, transient numerical model of groundwater flow was constructed for the Yakima River basin aquifer system to better understand the groundwater-flow system and its relation to surface-water resources. The model described in this report can be used as a tool by water-management agencies and other stakeholders to quantitatively evaluate proposed alternative management strategies that consider the interrelation between groundwater availability and surface-water resources.\nThe model was constructed using the U.S. Geological Survey finite-difference model MODFLOW. The model uses 1,000-foot grid cells that subdivide the model domain by 600 rows and 600 columns. Forty-eight hydrogeologic units in the model are included in 24 model layers. The Yakima River, all major tributaries, and major agricultural drains are included in the model as either drain cells or streamflow-routing cells. Recharge was estimated from previous work using physical process models. Groundwater pumpage specified in the model is derived from monthly pumpage values previously estimated from another component of this study. The pumpage values include estimates for wells with standby/reserve rights that are used in drought years.\nThe model was calibrated to the transient conditions for October 1959 to September 2001. Calibration was completed by using traditional trial-and-error methods and automated parameter-estimation techniques. The model simulates the shape and slope of the water table that generally is consistent with mapped water levels. At well observation points, the average difference between simulated and measured hydraulic heads is -49 feet with a root-mean-square error divided by the total difference in water levels of 4 percent. Simulated river streamflow was compared to measured streamflow at seven sites. Annual differences between measured and simulated streamflow for the sites ranged from 1 to 9 percent. Calibrated model output includes a 42-year estimate of a monthly water budget for the aquifer system.\nFive applications (scenarios) of the model were completed to obtain a better understanding of the relation between pumpage and surface-water resources and groundwater levels. For the first three scenarios, the calibrated transient model was used to simulate conditions without: (1) pumpage from all hydrogeologic units, (2) pumpage from basalt hydrogeologic units, and (3) exempt-well pumpage. The simulation results indicated potential streamflow capture by the existing pumpage from 1960 through 2001. The quantity of streamflow capture generally was inversely related to the total quantity of pumpage eliminated in the model scenarios. For the fourth scenario, the model simulated 1994 through 2001 under existing conditions with additional pumpage estimated for pending groundwater applications. The differences between the calibrated model streamflow and this scenario indicated additional decreases in streamflow of 91 cubic feet per second in the model domain. Existing conditions representing 1994 through 2001 were projected through 2025 for the fifth scenario and indicated additional streamflow decreases of 38 cubic feet per second and groundwater-level declines.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20115155","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Bureau of Reclamation, Washington State Department of Ecology, and the Yakama Nation","usgsCitation":"Ely, D., Bachmann, M., and Vaccaro, J.J., 2011, Numerical simulation of groundwater flow for the Yakima River basin aquifer system, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5155, viii, 88 p.; Appendices, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20115155.","productDescription":"viii, 88 p.; Appendices","costCenters":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":202617,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":94134,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5155/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"state":"Washington","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -121.5,45.75 ], [ -121.5,47.75 ], [ -119,47.75 ], [ -119,45.75 ], [ -121.5,45.75 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afce4b07f02db696820","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ely, D.M.","contributorId":33356,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ely","given":"D.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352510,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bachmann, M.P.","contributorId":7969,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bachmann","given":"M.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352509,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Vaccaro, J. J.","contributorId":48173,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vaccaro","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352511,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70005439,"text":"ofr20111134 - 2011 - Assessment of coal geology, resources, and reserves in the Southwestern Powder River Basin, Wyoming","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:12:00","indexId":"ofr20111134","displayToPublicDate":"2011-09-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-1134","title":"Assessment of coal geology, resources, and reserves in the Southwestern Powder River Basin, Wyoming","docAbstract":"The availability of abundant new borehole data from recent coal bed natural gas development was utilized by the U.S. Geological Survey for a comprehensive evaluation of coal resources and reserves in the southwestern part of the Powder River Basin in Wyoming. This report on the Southwestern Powder River Basin assessment area represents the third area within the basin to be assessed, the first being for coal resources and reserves in the Gillette coal field in 2008, and the second for coal resources and reserves in the northern Wyoming area of the basin in 2010.\nThere are no active coal mines in the Southwestern Powder River Basin assessment area. The only significant production is attributed to the Dave Johnston Mine, in the extreme southern part of the area, which accounted for some 104 million short tons of coal from 1959 to 2000. Several small mines were developed in the 1950s near the Lake DeSmet area in the northwestern part of the area; however, less than 25,000 short tons of coal were produced.\nEight coal beds are present at depths between 1,000 and 2,000 ft in the Southwestern Powder River Basin assessment area. Portions of these coal beds might be recovered by underground mining methods in the future; however, the lack of sufficient drill data precluded an economic study to assess the potential of surface mineable coal resources. Consequently, none of the coal resources in the Southwestern Powder River Basin assessment area were designated as reserves or recoverable coal.\nA total of 37 coal beds were identified during this assessment, 23 of which were modeled and evaluated to determine in-place coal resources. The total original coal resource in the Southwestern Powder River Basin assessment area for these 23 coal beds, with no restrictions applied was calculated to be 369 billion short tons. Available coal resources, which are part of the original resource that is accessible for potential mine development after subtracting all restrictions, are about 341 billion short tons (92.4 percent of the total original resource). Approximately 61 percent are at depths between 1,000 and 2,000 ft, with a modeled price of about $30 per short ton. Therefore, the majority of coal resources in the South-western Powder River Basin assessment area are considered sub-economic.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20111134","usgsCitation":"Osmonson, L.M., Scott, D.C., Haacke, J., Luppens, J.A., and Pierce, P.E., 2011, Assessment of coal geology, resources, and reserves in the Southwestern Powder River Basin, Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1134, x, 135 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111134.","productDescription":"x, 135 p.","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116568,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2011_1134.png"},{"id":94137,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1134/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"state":"Wyoming","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -108,42.5 ], [ -108,47 ], [ -104,47 ], [ -104,42.5 ], [ -108,42.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa9e4b07f02db668683","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Osmonson, Lee M.","contributorId":33322,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Osmonson","given":"Lee","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":6676,"text":"USGS (retired)","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":352523,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Scott, David C. 0000-0002-7925-7452 dscott@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7925-7452","contributorId":629,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scott","given":"David","email":"dscott@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":352521,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Haacke, Jon E.","contributorId":86054,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haacke","given":"Jon E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352524,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Luppens, James A. 0000-0001-7607-8750 jluppens@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7607-8750","contributorId":550,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luppens","given":"James","email":"jluppens@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":352520,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Pierce, Paul E. 0000-0001-9675-7320 ppierce@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9675-7320","contributorId":3732,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pierce","given":"Paul","email":"ppierce@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":352522,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70156529,"text":"70156529 - 2011 - Interagency partnering for weed prevention-- Progress on development of a National Early Detection and Rapid Response System for Invasive Plants in the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-11-10T15:59:11.194413","indexId":"70156529","displayToPublicDate":"2011-09-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"13","title":"Interagency partnering for weed prevention-- Progress on development of a National Early Detection and Rapid Response System for Invasive Plants in the United States","docAbstract":"<p>Over the past 50 years, experience has shown that interagency groups provide an effective forum for addressing various invasive species issues and challenges on multiple land units. However, more importantly, they can also provide a coordinated framework for early detection, reporting, identification and vouchering, rapid assessment, and rapid response to new and emerging invasive plants in the United States. Interagency collaboration maximizes the use of available expertise, resources, and authority for promoting early detection and rapid response (EDRR) as the preferred management option for addressing new and emerging invasive plants. Currently, an interagency effort is underway to develop a National EDRR System for Invasive Plants in the United States. The proposed system will include structural and informational elements. Structural elements of the system include a network of interagency partner groups to facilitate early detection and rapid response to new invasive plants, including the Federal Interagency Committee for the Management of Noxious and Exotic Weeds (FICMNEW), State Invasive Species Councils, State Early Detection and Rapid Response Coordinating Committees, State Volunteer Detection and Reporting Networks, Invasive Plant Task Forces, and Cooperative Weed Management Areas. Informational elements and products being developed include Regional Invasive Plant Atlases, and EDRR Guidelines for EDRR Volunteer Network Training, Rapid Assessment and Rapid Response, and Criteria for Selection of EDRR Species. System science and technical support elements which are provided by cooperating state and federal scientists, include EDRR guidelines, training curriculum for EDRR volunteers and agency field personnel, plant identification and vouchering, rapid assessments, as well as predictive modeling and ecological range studies for invasive plant species.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Invasive plant management issues and challenges in the United States: 2011 Overview","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Chemical Society","publisherLocation":"Washington DC","doi":"10.1021/bk-2011-1073.ch013","usgsCitation":"Westbrooks, R.G., 2011, Interagency partnering for weed prevention-- Progress on development of a National Early Detection and Rapid Response System for Invasive Plants in the United States, chap. 13 <i>of</i> Invasive plant management issues and challenges in the United States: 2011 Overview, v. 1073, p. 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The first report described activities for 2007 and 2008, and the second report covered work activities for FY09. This third report covers work activities conducted in FY2010, and it continues the 2009 approach of reporting on all the individual activities to help give WLCI partners and other readers the full scope of what has been accomplished. New in this year's report is an additional section for each work activity that outlines the work planned for the following fiscal year. In FY2010, there were 35 ongoing/expanded, completed, or new projects conducted under the five major multi-disciplinary science and technical-assistance activities: (1) Baseline Synthesis; (2) Targeted Monitoring and Research; (3) Data and Information Management; (4) Integration and Coordination; and (5) Decisionmaking and Evaluation. The three new work activities were to (1) compile existing water data for the entire WLCI region and (2) develop regional curves (statistical models) for relating bankfull-channel geometry and discharge to drainages in the WLCI region, both of which will help guide long-term monitoring of water resources; and (3) initiate a groundwater-monitoring network to evaluate potential effects of energy-development activities on groundwater quality where groundwater is an important source of public/private water supplies. Results of the FY2009 work to develop methods for assessing soil organic matter and mercury indicated that selenium and arsenic levels may be elevated in the Muddy Creek Basin; thus, the focus of that activity was shifted in FY2010 to evaluate biogeochemical cycling of elements in the basin. In FY2010, two ongoing activities were expanded with the addition of more sampling plots: (a) the study of how greater sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) use vegetation-treatment areas (sites added to the Moxa Arch Natural Gas Development area) and (2) the study of cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum) occurrence in burn treatments of the Little Mountain Ecosystem. The activity that entails evaluating relationships between ungulate herbivory and fire on aspen (Populus tremuloides) recruitment also was expanded to include relationships between stand characteristics of and herbivory on aspen in various ecohydrological settings. The USGS continued compiling data and developing geospatial products from all of its WLCI activities to support (1) ranking and prioritizing of proposed conservation projects, (2) developing the WLCI Integrated Assessment, and (3) developing the WLCI 5-year Conservation Action Plan. 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,{"id":70005402,"text":"ds631 - 2011 - Dose-Response Calculator for ArcGIS","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-27T15:05:25","indexId":"ds631","displayToPublicDate":"2011-09-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"631","title":"Dose-Response Calculator for ArcGIS","docAbstract":"The Dose-Response Calculator for ArcGIS is a tool that extends the Environmental Systems Research Institute (ESRI) ArcGIS 10 Desktop application to aid with the visualization of relationships between two raster GIS datasets. A dose-response curve is a line graph commonly used in medical research to examine the effects of different dosage rates of a drug or chemical (for example, carcinogen) on an outcome of interest (for example, cell mutations) (Russell and others, 1982). Dose-response curves have recently been used in ecological studies to examine the influence of an explanatory dose variable (for example, percentage of habitat cover, distance to disturbance) on a predicted response (for example, survival, probability of occurrence, abundance) (Aldridge and others, 2008). These dose curves have been created by calculating the predicted response value from a statistical model at different levels of the explanatory dose variable while holding values of other explanatory variables constant. Curves (plots) developed using the Dose-Response Calculator overcome the need to hold variables constant by using values extracted from the predicted response surface of a spatially explicit statistical model fit in a GIS, which include the variation of all explanatory variables, to visualize the univariate response to the dose variable. Application of the Dose-Response Calculator can be extended beyond the assessment of statistical model predictions and may be used to visualize the relationship between any two raster GIS datasets (see example in tool instructions). This tool generates tabular data for use in further exploration of dose-response relationships and a graph of the dose-response curve.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds631","usgsCitation":"Hanser, S.E., Aldridge, C.L., Leu, M., and Nielsen, S.E., 2011, Dose-Response Calculator for ArcGIS: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 631, HTML Document; ZIP Download of Dose-Response Calculator Tool; PDF Download of Instructions, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds631.","productDescription":"HTML Document; ZIP Download of Dose-Response Calculator Tool; PDF Download of Instructions","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116641,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds_631.jpg"},{"id":94125,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/631/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a60e4b07f02db6353fc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hanser, Steven E.","contributorId":99273,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanser","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352426,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Aldridge, Cameron L. 0000-0003-3926-6941 aldridgec@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3926-6941","contributorId":191773,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aldridge","given":"Cameron","email":"aldridgec@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":352423,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Leu, Matthias","contributorId":68393,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leu","given":"Matthias","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352425,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nielsen, Scott E.","contributorId":65190,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nielsen","given":"Scott","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352424,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70005354,"text":"sir20115101 - 2011 - The water-quality monitoring program for the Baltimore reservoir system, 1981-2007&mdash;Description, review and evaluation, and framework integration for enhanced monitoring","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-10T12:39:42.606586","indexId":"sir20115101","displayToPublicDate":"2011-09-08T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-5101","title":"The water-quality monitoring program for the Baltimore reservoir system, 1981-2007&mdash;Description, review and evaluation, and framework integration for enhanced monitoring","docAbstract":"<p>The City of Baltimore, Maryland, and parts of five surrounding counties obtain their water from Loch Raven and Liberty Reservoirs. A third reservoir, Prettyboy, is used to resupply Loch Raven Reservoir. Management of the watershed conditions for each reservoir is a shared responsibility by agreement among City, County, and State jurisdictions. The most recent (2005) Baltimore Reservoir Watershed Management Agreement (RWMA) called for continued and improved water-quality monitoring in the reservoirs and selected watershed tributaries. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) conducted a retrospective review of the effectiveness of monitoring data obtained and analyzed by the RWMA jurisdictions from 1981 through 2007 to help identify possible improvements in the monitoring program to address RWMA water-quality concerns. Long-term water-quality concerns include eutrophication and sedimentation in the reservoirs, and elevated concentrations of (a) nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus) being transported from the major tributaries to the reservoirs, (b) iron and manganese released from reservoir bed sediments during periods of deep-water anoxia, (c) mercury in higher trophic order game fish in the reservoirs, and (d) bacteria in selected reservoir watershed tributaries. Emerging concerns include elevated concentrations of sodium, chloride, and disinfection by-products (DBPs) in the drinking water from both supply reservoirs. Climate change and variability also could be emerging concerns, affecting seasonal patterns, annual trends, and drought occurrence, which historically have led to declines in reservoir water quality. Monitoring data increasingly have been used to support the development of water-quality models. The most recent (2006) modeling helped establish an annual sediment Total Maximum Daily Load to Loch Raven Reservoir, and instantaneous and 30-day moving average water-quality endpoints for chlorophyll-a (chl-a) and dissolved oxygen (DO) in Loch Raven and Prettyboy Reservoirs. Modelers cited limitations in data, including too few years with sufficient stormflow data, and (or) a lack of (readily available) data, for selected tributary and reservoir hydrodynamic, water-quality, and biotic conditions. Reservoir monitoring also is too infrequent to adequately address the above water-quality endpoints. Monitoring data also have been effectively used to generally describe trophic states, changes in trophic state or conditions related to trophic state, and in selected cases, trends in water-quality or biotic parameters that reflect RWMA water-quality concerns. Limitations occur in the collection, aggregation, analyses, and (or) archival of monitoring data in relation to most RWMA water-quality concerns. Trophic, including eutrophic, conditions have been broadly described for each reservoir in terms of phytoplankton production, and variations in production related to typical seasonal patterns in the concentration of DO, and hypoxic to anoxic conditions, where the latter have led to elevated concentrations of iron and manganese in reservoir and supply waters. Trend analyses for the period 1981-2004 have shown apparent declines in production (algal counts and possibly chl-a). The low frequency of phytoplankton data collection (monthly or bimonthly, depending on the reservoir), however, limits the development of a model to quantitatively describe and relate temporal variations in phytoplankton production including seasonal succession to changes in trophic states or other reservoir water-quality or biotic conditions. Extensive monitoring for nutrients, which, in excessive amounts, cause eutrophic conditions, has been conducted in the watershed tributaries and reservoirs. Data analyses (1980-90s) have (a) identified seasonal patterns in concentrations, (b) characterized loads from (non)point sources, and (c) shown that different seasonal patterns and trends in nutrient concentrations occur between watershed tributaries and downstream reservoir.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20115101","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the City of Baltimore, Baltimore County, and Carroll County, Maryland","usgsCitation":"Koterba, M.T., Waldron, M.C., and Kraus, T., 2011, The water-quality monitoring program for the Baltimore reservoir system, 1981-2007&mdash;Description, review and evaluation, and framework integration for enhanced monitoring: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5101, Report: ix, 116 p.; Appendices, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20115101.","productDescription":"Report: ix, 116 p.; Appendices","temporalStart":"1981-01-01","temporalEnd":"2007-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":41514,"text":"Maryland-Delaware-District of Columbia  Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116551,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2011_5101.gif"},{"id":92196,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5101/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Maryl;Pennsylvania","city":"Baltimore","otherGeospatial":"Baltimore Reservior System;Liberty Reservoir Watershed;Prettyboy Reservoir Watershed;Loch Raven Reservoir Watershed","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -77.25,39 ], [ -77.25,40 ], [ -76,40 ], [ -76,39 ], [ -77.25,39 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a58e4b07f02db62ed25","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Koterba, Michael T.","contributorId":70419,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koterba","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352345,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Waldron, Marcus C. mwaldron@usgs.gov","contributorId":1867,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waldron","given":"Marcus","email":"mwaldron@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":352344,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kraus, Tamara E.C. 0000-0002-5187-8644","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5187-8644","contributorId":92410,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kraus","given":"Tamara E.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352346,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70005346,"text":"sir20115139 - 2011 - Recent (2008-10) water quality in the Barton Springs segment of the Edwards aquifer and its contributing zone, central Texas, with emphasis on factors affecting nutrients and bacteria","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-11T15:21:05","indexId":"sir20115139","displayToPublicDate":"2011-09-08T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-5139","title":"Recent (2008-10) water quality in the Barton Springs segment of the Edwards aquifer and its contributing zone, central Texas, with emphasis on factors affecting nutrients and bacteria","docAbstract":"<p>The Barton Springs zone, which comprises the Barton Springs segment of the Edwards aquifer and the watersheds to the west that contribute to its recharge, is in south-central Texas, an area with rapid growth in population and increasing amounts of land area affected by development. During November 2008-March 2010, an investigation of factors affecting the fate and transport of nutrients and bacteria in the Barton Springs zone was conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality. The primary objectives of the study were to characterize occurrence of nutrients and bacteria in the Barton Springs zone under a range of flow conditions; to improve understanding of the interaction between surface-water quality and groundwater quality; and to evaluate how factors such as streamflow variability and dilution affect the fate and transport of nutrients and bacteria in the Barton Springs zone. The USGS collected and analyzed water samples from five streams (Barton, Williamson, Slaughter, Bear, and Onion Creeks), two groundwater wells (Marbridge and Buda), and the main orifice of Barton Springs in Austin, Texas. During the period of the study, during which the hydrologic conditions transitioned from exceptional drought to wetter than normal, water samples were collected routinely (every 3 to 4 weeks) from the streams, wells, and spring and, in response to storms, from the streams and spring. All samples were analyzed for major ions, nutrients, the bacterium Escherichia coli, and suspended sediment. During the dry period, the geochemistry of groundwater at the two wells and at Barton Springs was dominated by flow from the aquifer matrix and was relatively similar and unchanging at the three sites. At the onset of the wet period, when the streams began to flow, the geochemistry of groundwater samples from the Marbridge well and Barton Springs changed rapidly, and concentrations of most major ions and nutrients and densities of Escherichia coli became more similar to those of samples from the streams relative to concentrations and densities during the dry period. Geochemical modeling indicated that the proportion of Barton Springs discharge composed of stream recharge increased from about 0-8 percent during the dry period to about 80 percent during the wet period. The transition from exceptional drought to wetter-than-normal conditions resulted in a number of marked changes that highlight factors affecting the fate and transport of nutrients and bacteria and the strong influence of stream recharge on water quality in the Barton Springs segment of the Edwards aquifer and had a pronounced effect on the fate of nitrogen species. Organic nitrogen loaded to and stored in soils during the dry period was nitrified to nitrate when the soils were rewetted, resulting in elevated concentrations of nitrate plus nitrite in streams as these constituents were progressively leached during continued wet weather. Estimated mean monthly loads of organic nitrogen and nitrate plus nitrite in stream recharge and Barton Springs discharge, which were relatively low and constant during the dry period, increased during the wet period. Loads of organic nitrogen, on average, were about six times greater in stream recharge than in Barton Springs discharge, indicating that organic nitrogen likely was being converted to nitrate within the aquifer. Loads of total nitrogen (organic nitrogen plus ammonia and nitrate plus nitrite) in stream recharge (162 kilograms per day) and in Barton Springs discharge (157 kilograms per day) for the period of the investigation were not significantly different. Dilution was not an important factor affecting concentrations of nitrate plus nitrite in the streams or in Barton Springs during the period of this investigation: Concentrations of nitrate plus nitrite did not decrease in streams with increasing stream discharge, and nitrate plus nitrite concentrations measured at Barton</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20115139","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality","usgsCitation":"Mahler, B., Musgrove, M., Sample, T.L., and Wong, C., 2011, Recent (2008-10) water quality in the Barton Springs segment of the Edwards aquifer and its contributing zone, central Texas, with emphasis on factors affecting nutrients and bacteria: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5139, vii, 57 p.; Appendices, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20115139.","productDescription":"vii, 57 p.; Appendices","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116555,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2011_5139.gif"},{"id":92187,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5139/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"24000","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -98.33333333333333,30 ], [ -98.33333333333333,30.333333333333332 ], [ -97.75,30.333333333333332 ], [ -97.75,30 ], [ -98.33333333333333,30 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a7ee4b07f02db64864f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mahler, Barbara 0000-0002-9150-9552 bjmahler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9150-9552","contributorId":1249,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mahler","given":"Barbara","email":"bjmahler@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":352333,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Musgrove, MaryLynn","contributorId":34878,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Musgrove","given":"MaryLynn","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352335,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sample, Thomas L.","contributorId":24902,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sample","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352334,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wong, Corinne I.","contributorId":36018,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wong","given":"Corinne I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352336,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70005327,"text":"sir20115125 - 2011 - Refinement and evaluation of the Massachusetts firm-yield estimator model version 2.0","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-18T13:44:19.875469","indexId":"sir20115125","displayToPublicDate":"2011-09-08T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-5125","title":"Refinement and evaluation of the Massachusetts firm-yield estimator model version 2.0","docAbstract":"The firm yield is the maximum average daily withdrawal that can be extracted from a reservoir without risk of failure during an extended drought period. Previously developed procedures for determining the firm yield of a reservoir were refined and applied to 38 reservoir systems in Massachusetts, including 25 single- and multiple-reservoir systems that were examined during previous studies and 13 additional reservoir systems. Changes to the firm-yield model include refinements to the simulation methods and input data, as well as the addition of several scenario-testing capabilities. The simulation procedure was adapted to run at a daily time step over a 44-year simulation period, and daily streamflow and meteorological data were compiled for all the reservoirs for input to the model. Another change to the model-simulation methods is the adjustment of the scaling factor used in estimating groundwater contributions to the reservoir. The scaling factor is used to convert the daily groundwater-flow rate into a volume by multiplying the rate by the length of reservoir shoreline that is hydrologically connected to the aquifer. Previous firm-yield analyses used a constant scaling factor that was estimated from the reservoir surface area at full pool. The use of a constant scaling factor caused groundwater flows during periods when the reservoir stage was very low to be overestimated. The constant groundwater scaling factor used in previous analyses was replaced with a variable scaling factor that is based on daily reservoir stage. This change reduced instability in the groundwater-flow algorithms and produced more realistic groundwater-flow contributions during periods of low storage. Uncertainty in the firm-yield model arises from many sources, including errors in input data. The sensitivity of the model to uncertainty in streamflow input data and uncertainty in the stage-storage relation was examined. A series of Monte Carlo simulations were performed on 22 reservoirs to assess the sensitivity of firm-yield estimates to errors in daily-streamflow input data. Results of the Monte Carlo simulations indicate that underestimation in the lowest stream inflows can cause firm yields to be underestimated by an average of 1 to 10 percent. Errors in the stage-storage relation can arise when the point density of bathymetric survey measurements is too low. Existing bathymetric surfaces were resampled using hypothetical transects of varying patterns and point densities in order to quantify the uncertainty in stage-storage relations. Reservoir-volume calculations and resulting firm yields were accurate to within 5 percent when point densities were greater than 20 points per acre of reservoir surface. Methods for incorporating summer water-demand-reduction scenarios into the firm-yield model were developed as well as the ability to relax the no-fail reliability criterion. Although the original firm-yield model allowed monthly reservoir releases to be specified, there have been no previous studies examining the feasibility of controlled releases for downstream flows from Massachusetts reservoirs. Two controlled-release scenarios were tested&mdash;with and without a summer water-demand-reduction scenario&mdash;for a scenario with a no-fail criterion and a scenario that allows for a 1-percent failure rate over the entire simulation period. Based on these scenarios, about one-third of the reservoir systems were able to support the flow-release scenarios at their 2000&ndash;2004 usage rates. Reservoirs with higher storage ratios (reservoir storage capacity to mean annual streamflow) and lower demand ratios (mean annual water demand to annual firm yield) were capable of higher downstream release rates. For the purposes of this research, all reservoir systems were assumed to have structures which enable controlled releases, although this assumption may not be true for many of the reservoirs studied.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20115125","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the  Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection","usgsCitation":"Levin, S.B., Archfield, S.A., and Massey, A.J., 2011, Refinement and evaluation of the Massachusetts firm-yield estimator model version 2.0: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5125, Report: vii, 41 p.; Appendices; Appendix Selector, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20115125.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 41 p.; Appendices; Appendix Selector","numberOfPages":"48","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":377,"text":"Massachusetts-Rhode Island Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":92173,"rank":99,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5125","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":350503,"rank":4,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5125/pdfs/sir2011-5125_text_508_rev102511.pdf","text":"Report","size":"4.0 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":116522,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2011_5125.jpg"},{"id":350504,"rank":3,"type":{"id":2,"text":"Additional Report Piece"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5125/selector.html","text":"Appendix Selector","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"}}],"datum":"NAD 83","country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -73.75,41 ], [ -73.75,43 ], [ -69.83333333333333,43 ], [ -69.83333333333333,41 ], [ -73.75,41 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a60e4b07f02db635195","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Levin, Sara B. 0000-0002-2448-3129 slevin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2448-3129","contributorId":1870,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Levin","given":"Sara","email":"slevin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":352298,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Archfield, Stacey A. 0000-0002-9011-3871 sarch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9011-3871","contributorId":1874,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Archfield","given":"Stacey","email":"sarch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":352299,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Massey, Andrew J. 0000-0003-3995-8657 ajmassey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3995-8657","contributorId":1862,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Massey","given":"Andrew","email":"ajmassey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":352297,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70005344,"text":"sir20115029 - 2011 - Hydrogeology and simulation of groundwater flow in the Arbuckle-Simpson aquifer, south-central Oklahoma","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:40","indexId":"sir20115029","displayToPublicDate":"2011-09-08T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-5029","title":"Hydrogeology and simulation of groundwater flow in the Arbuckle-Simpson aquifer, south-central Oklahoma","docAbstract":"The Arbuckle-Simpson aquifer in south-central Oklahoma provides water for public supply, farms, mining, wildlife conservation, recreation, and the scenic beauty of springs, streams, and waterfalls. Proposed development of water supplies from the aquifer led to concerns that large-scale withdrawals of water would cause decreased flow in rivers and springs, which in turn could result in the loss of water supplies, recreational opportunities, and aquatic habitat. The Oklahoma Water Resources Board, in collaboration with the Bureau of Reclamation, the U.S. Geological Survey, Oklahoma State University, and the University of Oklahoma, studied the aquifer to provide the Oklahoma Water Resources Board the scientific information needed to determine the volume of water that could be withdrawn while protecting springs and streams. The U.S. Geological Survey, in coopertion with the Oklahoma Water Resources Board, did a study to describe the hydrogeology and simulation of groundwater flow of the aquifer.\nThe outcrop of the Arbuckle-Simpson aquifer covers an area of about 520 square miles in Carter, Coal, Johnston, Murray, and Pontotoc Counties. Three subdivisions of the aquifer outcrop were designated for this study: the eastern, central, and western Arbuckle-Simpson aquifer. This study emphasized the eastern Arbuckle-Simpson aquifer because it is the largest part of the aquifer by area and volume; most groundwater withdrawals are from the eastern Arbuckle-Simpson aquifer; and the largest (by flow) streams and springs sourced from the aquifer are on the eastern Arbuckle-Simpson aquifer.\nThe aquifer lies in an uplifted area commonly referred to as the Arbuckle Mountains, which is characterized by great thicknesses of mostly carbonate rocks, uplifts, folded structures, and large fault displacements. The Arbuckle-Simpson aquifer is contained in three major rock units of Late Cambrian to Middle Ordovician age: the Timbered Hills, Arbuckle, and Simpson Groups. The aquifer is underlain by low-permeability Cambrian and Proterozoic igneous and metamorphic rocks, and is confined above by younger sedimentary rocks of various ages in areas where the top of the aquifer dips below the surface. The major part of the Arbuckle-Simpson aquifer is the Arbuckle Group, which consists of as much as 6,700 feet of limestone in the western Arbuckle-Simpson aquifer, but which thins to an estimated 3,000 feet of predominantly dolostone in the eastern Arbuckle-Simpson aquifer. Water is obtained from cavities, solution channels, fractures, and intercrystalline porosity in the limestone and dolostone. The overlying Simpson Group, consisting of sandstones, shales, and limestones, is as much as 2,300 feet thick in the western Arbuckle-Simpson aquifer, but generally is less than 1,000 feet thick in the eastern aquifer. Water in the Simpson Group is stored primarily in pore spaces between the sand grains in the sandstones.\nA digital, three-dimensional geologic framework model was constructed to define the geometric relations of fault blocks and subsurface rock units across complex fault zones of the eastern Arbuckle-Simpson aquifer. Geologic data for the model were obtained from 126 drill holes; stratigraphic contacts and faults defined from a digitized version of the surface geologic map; and fault geometry, stratigraphic thickness, and information compiled from geologic and hydrogeologic reports and maps.\nGroundwater in the aquifer moves from areas of high head (altitude) to areas of low head along streams and springs. The potentiometric surface in the eastern Arbuckle-Simpson aquifer generally slopes from a topographic high from northwest to the southeast, indicating that regional groundwater flow is predominantly toward the southeast. Freshwater is known to extend beyond the aquifer outcrop near the City of Sulphur, Oklahoma, and Chickasaw National Recreation Area, where groundwater flows west from the outcrop of the eastern Arbuckle-Simpson aquifer and becomes confin","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20115029","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Oklahoma Water Resources Board","usgsCitation":"Christenson, S., Osborn, N.I., Neel, C.R., Faith, J.R., Blome, C.D., Puckette, J., and Pantea, M.P., 2011, Hydrogeology and simulation of groundwater flow in the Arbuckle-Simpson aquifer, south-central Oklahoma: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5029, xiv, 103 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20115029.","productDescription":"xiv, 103 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":516,"text":"Oklahoma Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116087,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2011_5029.gif"},{"id":92186,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5029/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adae4b07f02db68552e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Christenson, Scott","contributorId":59128,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christenson","given":"Scott","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352326,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Osborn, Noel I. nosborn@usgs.gov","contributorId":3305,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Osborn","given":"Noel","email":"nosborn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":352324,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Neel, Christopher R.","contributorId":48690,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neel","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352325,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Faith, Jason R.","contributorId":92758,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Faith","given":"Jason","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352328,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Blome, Charles D. 0000-0002-3449-9378 cblome@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3449-9378","contributorId":1246,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blome","given":"Charles","email":"cblome@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":352322,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Puckette, James","contributorId":90863,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Puckette","given":"James","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352327,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Pantea, Michael P. mpantea@usgs.gov","contributorId":1549,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pantea","given":"Michael","email":"mpantea@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":352323,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70005340,"text":"sir20115120 - 2011 - Coastal habitats of the Elwha River, Washington- Biological and physical patterns and processes prior to dam removal","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:55","indexId":"sir20115120","displayToPublicDate":"2011-09-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-5120","title":"Coastal habitats of the Elwha River, Washington- Biological and physical patterns and processes prior to dam removal","docAbstract":"This report includes chapters that summarize the results of multidisciplinary studies to quantify and characterize the current (2011) status and baseline conditions of the lower Elwha River, its estuary, and the adjacent nearshore ecosystems prior to the historic removal of two long-standing dams that have strongly influenced river, estuary, and nearshore conditions. The studies were conducted as part of the U.S. Geological Survey Multi-disciplinary Coastal Habitats in Puget Sound (MD-CHIPS) project. Chapter 1 is the introductory chapter that provides background and a historical context for the Elwha River dam removal and ecosystem restoration project. In chapter 2, the volume and timing of sediment delivery to the estuary and nearshore are discussed, providing an overview of the sediment stored in the two reservoirs and the expected erosion mechanics of the reservoir sediment deposits after removal of the dams. Chapter 3 describes the geological background of the Olympic Peninsula and the geomorphology of the Elwha River and nearshore. Chapter 4 details a series of hydrological data collected by the MD-CHIPS Elwha project. These include groundwater monitoring, surface water-groundwater interactions in the estuary, an estimated surface-water budget to the estuary, and a series of temperature and salinity measurements. Chapter 5 details the work that has been completed in the nearshore, including the measurement of waves, tides, and currents; the development of a numerical hydrodynamic model; and a description of the freshwater plume entering the Strait of Juan de Fuca. Chapter 6 includes a characterization of the nearshore benthic substrate developed using sonar, which formed a habitat template used to design scuba surveys of the benthic biological communities. Chapter 7 describes the ecological studies conducted in the lower river and estuary and includes characterization of juvenile salmon diets and seasonal estuary utilization patterns using otolith analysis to determine habitat specific and hatchery compared with wild patterns in juvenile Chinook salmon, assessment of benthic and terrestrial macroinvertebrate communities, and seasonal patterns of water nutrients. In Chapter 8, the vegetation communities of the eastern estuary are characterized by mapped vegetation cover types and samples collected for vegetation composition and diversity. Chapter 9 summarizes the existing conditions of the study area as detailed in this report and describes some of the possible outcomes of river restoration on the coastal ecosystems of the Elwha River.\nTogether, these different scientific perspectives form a basis for understanding the Elwha River ecosystem, an environment that has and will undergo substantial change. A century of change began with the start of dam construction in 1910; additional major change will result from dam removal scheduled to begin in September 2011. This report provides a scientific snapshot of the lower Elwha River, its estuary, and adjacent nearshore ecosystems prior to dam removal that can be used to evaluate the responses and dynamics of various system components following dam removal.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20115120","usgsCitation":"Duda, J., Warrick, J., and Magirl, C.S., 2011, Coastal habitats of the Elwha River, Washington- Biological and physical patterns and processes prior to dam removal: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5120, viii, 264 p.; Chapter 1, Chapter 2, Chapter 3, Chapter 4, Chapter 5, Chapter 6, Chapter 7, Chapter 8, Chapter 9; Animation Figure, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20115120.","productDescription":"viii, 264 p.; Chapter 1, Chapter 2, Chapter 3, Chapter 4, Chapter 5, Chapter 6, Chapter 7, Chapter 8, Chapter 9; Animation Figure","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116086,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2011_5120.jpg"},{"id":92151,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5120/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b27e4b07f02db6b08e9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Duda, Jeffrey J.","contributorId":68854,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duda","given":"Jeffrey J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352311,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Warrick, Jonathan A. 0000-0002-0205-3814","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0205-3814","contributorId":48255,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warrick","given":"Jonathan A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352310,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Magirl, Christopher S. 0000-0002-9922-6549 magirl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9922-6549","contributorId":1822,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Magirl","given":"Christopher","email":"magirl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":352309,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70005333,"text":"sir20115121 - 2011 - Relations between hydrology, water quality, and taste-and-odor causing organisms and compounds in Lake Houston, Texas, April 2006-September 2008","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-24T17:45:17","indexId":"sir20115121","displayToPublicDate":"2011-09-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-5121","title":"Relations between hydrology, water quality, and taste-and-odor causing organisms and compounds in Lake Houston, Texas, April 2006-September 2008","docAbstract":"<p>Lake Houston is a surface-water-supply reservoir and an important recreational resource for the city of Houston, Texas. Growing concerns over water quality in Lake Houston prompted a detailed assessment of water quality in the reservoir. The assessment focused on water-quality constituents that affect the aesthetic quality of drinking water. The hydrologic and water-quality conditions influencing the occurrence of taste-and-odor causing organisms and compounds in Lake Houston were assessed using discrete and continuously monitored water-quality data collected during April 2006– September 2008. </p><p>The hydrology of Lake Houston is characterized by rapidly changing conditions. During inflow events, water residence time can change by orders of magnitude within a matter of hours. Likewise, the reservoir can stratify and destratify over a period of several hours, even during non-summer and at relatively short water residence times, given extended periods with warm temperatures and little wind. The rapidly changing hydrology likely influences all other aspects of water quality in Lake Houston, including the occurrence of taste-and-odor causing organisms and compounds. </p><p>Water quality in Lake Houston varied with respect to season and water residence time but typically was indicative of turbid, eutrophic to hypereutrophic conditions. In general, turbidity and nutrient concentrations were largest during non-summer (October–May) and when water residence times were relatively short (less than 100 days), which reflects the influence of inflow events on water-quality conditions. Large inflow events can cause substantial changes in water-quality conditions over relatively short periods of time (hours). </p><p>The taste-and-odor causing organisms cyanobacteria and actinomycetes bacteria were always present in Lake Houston. Cyanobacterial biovolume was largest during summer (June– September) and when water residence time was greater than 100 days. Annual maxima in cyanobacterial biovolume occurred during July-September of each year, when temperatures were larger than 27 degrees Celsius and water residence times were longer than 400 days. In contrast, actinomycetes bacteria were most abundant during non-summer and when water residence times were less than 100 days, reflecting the close association between these organisms and transport of suspended sediments. </p><p>Geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol are the taste-and-odor causing compounds most commonly produced by cyanobacteria and actinomycetes bacteria. Geosmin was detected more frequently (62 percent of samples) than 2-methylisoborneol (29 percent of samples) in Lake Houston. Geosmin exceeded the human detection threshold (10 nanograms per liter) only once during the study period and 2-methylisoborneol exceeded the human detection threshold twice. Manganese is a naturally occurring trace element that can occasionally cause taste-andodor problems in drinking water. Manganese concentrations exceeded the human detection threshold (about 50 micrograms per liter) in about 50 percent of samples collected near the surface and 84 percent of samples collected near the bottom. The cyanotoxin microcystin was detected relatively infrequently (16 percent of samples) and at small concentrations (less than or equal to 0.2 micrograms per liter). </p><p>The abundance of the taste-and-odor causing organisms cyanobacteria and actinomycetes bacteria in Lake Houston was coupled with inflow events and subsequent changes in water-quality conditions. Cyanobacterial biovolume (biomass) in Lake Houston was largest during warm periods with little inflow and relatively small turbidity values. In contrast, actinomycetes bacteria were most abundant following inflow events when turbidity was relatively large. Severe taste-and-odor problems were not observed during the study period, precluding quantification of the hydrologic and water-quality conditions associated with large concentrations of taste-and-odor causing compounds and development of predictive models.</p><p> Reservoir inflow (water residence time) and turbidity, variables related to the abundance of potential taste-andodor causing organisms, are currently (2011) continuously measured in Lake Houston, and predictive models could be developed in the future when the hydrologic and water-quality conditions associated with taste-and-odor problems have been better quantified. Seasonal and water residence time influences on water-quality conditions altered relations between hydrologic and water-quality conditions and taste-and-odor causing organisms and compounds. Future data collection and&nbsp;development of predictive models need to account for the variability associated with season and water residence time.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20115121","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the City of Houston","usgsCitation":"Beussink, A.M., and Graham, J.L., 2011, Relations between hydrology, water quality, and taste-and-odor causing organisms and compounds in Lake Houston, Texas, April 2006-September 2008: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5121, Report: viii, 22 p.; Appendixes, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20115121.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 22 p.; Appendixes","startPage":"i","endPage":"27","numberOfPages":"35","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116549,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2011_5121.gif"},{"id":92146,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5121/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator","datum":"Zone 15, North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","state":"Texas","city":"Houston","otherGeospatial":"Lake Houston, San Jacinto River Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -95.91666666666667,29.833333333333332 ], [ -95.91666666666667,30.8 ], [ -94.83333333333333,30.8 ], [ -94.83333333333333,29.833333333333332 ], [ -95.91666666666667,29.833333333333332 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a5fe4b07f02db6349af","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Beussink, Amy M. ambeussi@usgs.gov","contributorId":2191,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beussink","given":"Amy","email":"ambeussi@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":352304,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Graham, Jennifer L. 0000-0002-6420-9335 jlgraham@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6420-9335","contributorId":1769,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graham","given":"Jennifer","email":"jlgraham@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":352303,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70005063,"text":"70005063 - 2011 - Nitrogen uptake by the shoots of smooth cordgrass Spartina alterniflora","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-19T12:15:08.320177","indexId":"70005063","displayToPublicDate":"2011-09-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2663,"text":"Marine Ecology Progress Series","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Nitrogen uptake by the shoots of smooth cordgrass <i>Spartina alterniflora</i>","title":"Nitrogen uptake by the shoots of smooth cordgrass Spartina alterniflora","docAbstract":"The smooth cordgrass <i>Spartina alterniflora</i> is the foundation species in intertidal salt marshes of the North American Atlantic coast. Depending on its elevation within the marsh, <i>S. alterniflora</i> may be submerged for several hours per day. Previous ecosystem-level studies have demonstrated that <i>S. alterniflora</i> marshes are a net sink for nitrogen (N), and that removal of N from flooding tidal water can provide enough N to support the aboveground biomass. However, studies have not specifically investigated whether <i>S. alterniflora</i> plants assimilate nutrients through their aboveground tissue. We determined <i>in situ</i> foliar and stem N uptake kinetics for <sup>15</sup>NH<sub>4</sub>, <sup>15</sup>NO<sub>3</sub>, and  <sup>15</sup>N-glycine by artificially flooding plants in a mid-Atlantic salt marsh. To determine the ecological importance of shoot uptake, a model was created to estimate the time of inundation of <i>S. alterniflora</i> in 20 cm height intervals during the growing season. Estimates of inundation time, shoot mass, N uptake rates, and N availability from long-term data sets were used to model seasonal shoot N uptake. Rates of aboveground N uptake rates (leaves + stems) were ranked as follows: NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup> > glycine > NO<sub>3</sub><sup>&ndash;</sup>. Our model suggests that shoot N uptake may satisfy up to 15% of the growing season N demand in mid-Atlantic salt marshes, with variation depending on plant elevation and water column N availability. However, in eutrophic estuaries, our model indicates the potential of the plant canopy as a nutrient filter, with shoot uptake contributing 66 to 100% of plant N demand.","language":"English","publisher":"Inter-Research Science Center","publisherLocation":"Luhe, Germany","doi":"10.3354/meps09117","usgsCitation":"Mozdzer, T., Kirwan, M., McGlathery, K., and Zieman, J.C., 2011, Nitrogen uptake by the shoots of smooth cordgrass Spartina alterniflora: Marine Ecology Progress Series, v. 433, p. 43-52, https://doi.org/10.3354/meps09117.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"43","endPage":"52","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474920,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3354/meps09117","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":203924,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"433","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a56e4b07f02db62da88","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mozdzer, T. J.","contributorId":31888,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mozdzer","given":"T. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351917,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kirwan, M.","contributorId":41124,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kirwan","given":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":351918,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McGlathery, K. J.","contributorId":72109,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McGlathery","given":"K. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351919,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Zieman, J. C.","contributorId":23265,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zieman","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351916,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70005334,"text":"ofr20111230 - 2011 - A multi-year analysis of passage and survival at McNary Dam, 2004-09","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-19T12:09:39","indexId":"ofr20111230","displayToPublicDate":"2011-09-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-1230","title":"A multi-year analysis of passage and survival at McNary Dam, 2004-09","docAbstract":"We analyzed 6 years (2004&ndash;09) of passage and survival data collected at McNary Dam to determine how dam operations and environmental conditions affect passage and survival of juvenile salmonids. A multinomial logistic regression was used to examine how environmental variables and dam operations relate to passage behavior of juvenile salmonids at McNary Dam. We used the Cormack-Jolly-Seber release-recapture model to determine how the survival of juvenile salmonids passing through McNary Dam relates to environmental variables and dam operations. Total project discharge and the proportion of flow passing the spillway typically had a positive effect on survival for all species and routes. As the proportion of water through the spillway increased, the number of fish passing the spillway increased, as did overall survival. Additionally, survival generally was higher at night. There was no meaningful difference in survival for fish that passed through the north or south portions of the spillway or powerhouse. Similarly, there was no difference in survival for fish released in the north, middle, or south portions of the tailrace. For subyearling Chinook salmon migrating during the summer season, increased temperatures had a drastic effect on passage and survival. As temperature increased, survival of subyearling Chinook salmon decreased through all passage routes and the number of fish that passed through the turbines increased. During years when the temporary spillway weirs (TSWs) were installed, passage through the spillway increased for spring migrants. However, due to the changes made in the location of the TSW between years and the potential effect of other confounding environmental conditions, it is not certain if the increase in spillway passage was due solely to the presence of the TSWs. The TSWs appeared to improve forebay survival during years when they were operated.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20111230","usgsCitation":"Adams, N.S., Walker, C.E., and Perry, R., 2011, A multi-year analysis of passage and survival at McNary Dam, 2004-09: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1230, viii, 122 p.; Appendixes, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111230.","productDescription":"viii, 122 p.; Appendixes","startPage":"i","endPage":"128","numberOfPages":"136","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":203922,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":92152,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1230/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington;Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Coumbia River;Snake River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -120.83333333333333,45.5 ], [ -120.83333333333333,48.25 ], [ -117.5,48.25 ], [ -117.5,45.5 ], [ -120.83333333333333,45.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48cee4b07f02db54569f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Adams, Noah S. 0000-0002-8354-0293 nadams@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8354-0293","contributorId":3521,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adams","given":"Noah","email":"nadams@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":650475,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Walker, C. E.","contributorId":43168,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walker","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":656133,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Perry, R.W.","contributorId":43947,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perry","given":"R.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":656134,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70005075,"text":"70005075 - 2011 - Inference about density and temporary emigration in unmarked populations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-12T21:51:03.605058","indexId":"70005075","displayToPublicDate":"2011-09-06T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1465,"text":"Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Inference about density and temporary emigration in unmarked populations","docAbstract":"<p><span>Few species are distributed uniformly in space, and populations of mobile organisms are rarely closed with respect to movement, yet many models of density rely upon these assumptions. We present a hierarchical model allowing inference about the density of unmarked populations subject to temporary emigration and imperfect detection. The model can be fit to data collected using a variety of standard survey methods such as repeated point counts in which removal sampling, double‐observer sampling, or distance sampling is used during each count. Simulation studies demonstrated that parameter estimators are unbiased when temporary emigration is either “completely random” or is determined by the size and location of home ranges relative to survey points. We also applied the model to repeated removal sampling data collected on Chestnut‐sided Warblers (</span><i>Dendroica pensylvancia</i><span>) in the White Mountain National Forest, USA. The density estimate from our model, 1.09 birds/ha, was similar to an estimate of 1.11 birds/ha produced by an intensive spot‐mapping effort. Our model is also applicable when processes other than temporary emigration affect the probability of being available for detection, such as in studies using cue counts. Functions to implement the model have been added to the R package&nbsp;</span><i>unmarked</i><span>.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1890/10-2433.1","usgsCitation":"Chandler, R.B., Royle, J., and King, D.I., 2011, Inference about density and temporary emigration in unmarked populations: Ecology, v. 92, no. 7, p. 1429-1435, https://doi.org/10.1890/10-2433.1.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"1429","endPage":"1435","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474923,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1890/10-2433.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":204039,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Hampshire","otherGeospatial":"White Mountain National Forest","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -72.0428466796875,\n              43.67979094030124\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.03759765625,\n              43.67979094030124\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.03759765625,\n              44.449467536006935\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.0428466796875,\n              44.449467536006935\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.0428466796875,\n              43.67979094030124\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"92","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abae4b07f02db672132","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chandler, Richard B. rchandler@usgs.gov","contributorId":63524,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chandler","given":"Richard","email":"rchandler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351939,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Royle, J. Andrew 0000-0003-3135-2167","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3135-2167","contributorId":80808,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Royle","given":"J. Andrew","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":351940,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"King, David I.","contributorId":34390,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"King","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[{"id":18918,"text":"Department of Environmental Conservation, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":13259,"text":"USDA Forest Service Northern Research Station","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":351938,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
]}