In the present study a branched serial first‐order decay (BSFOD) model is presented and used to derive transformation rates describing the decay of a common herbicide, atrazine, and its metabolites observed in unsaturated soils adapted to previous atrazine applications and in soils with no history of atrazine applications. Calibration of BSFOD models for soils throughout the country can reduce the uncertainty, relative to that of traditional models, in predicting the fate and transport of pesticides and their metabolites and thus support improved agricultural management schemes for reducing threats to the environment. Results from application of the BSFOD model to better understand the degradation of atrazine supports two previously reported conclusions: atrazine (6‐chloro‐N‐ethyl‐N′‐(1‐methylethyl)‐1,3,5‐triazine‐2,4‐diamine) and its primary metabolites are less persistent in adapted soils than in nonadapted soils; and hydroxyatrazine was the dominant primary metabolite in most of the soils tested. In addition, a method to simulate BSFOD in a one‐dimensional solute‐transport unsaturated zone model is also presented.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/etc.597","usgsCitation":"Webb, R.M., Sandstrom, M.W., Krutz, L., and Shaner, D., 2011, Simulation of branched serial first-order decay of atrazine and metabolites in adapted and nonadapted soils: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 30, no. 9, p. 1973-1981, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.597.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"1973","endPage":"1981","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":452,"text":"National Water Quality Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":244656,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"30","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-09-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9014e4b08c986b3192e5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Webb, R. M.","contributorId":97065,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Webb","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sandstrom, Mark W. 0000-0003-0006-5675 sandstro@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0006-5675","contributorId":706,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sandstrom","given":"Mark","email":"sandstro@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":37464,"text":"WMA - Laboratory & Analytical Services Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5046,"text":"Branch of Analytical Serv (NWQL)","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":452,"text":"National Water Quality Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":445366,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Krutz, L.J.","contributorId":22605,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krutz","given":"L.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445365,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Shaner, D. L.","contributorId":70215,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shaner","given":"D. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445367,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70034355,"text":"70034355 - 2011 - Precision of two methods for estimating age from burbot otoliths","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-04T14:25:25","indexId":"70034355","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2166,"text":"Journal of Applied Ichthyology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Precision of two methods for estimating age from burbot otoliths","docAbstract":"Lower reproductive success and older age structure are associated with many burbot (Lota lota L.) populations that are declining or of conservation concern. Therefore, reliable methods for estimating the age of burbot are critical for effective assessment and management. In Lake Erie, burbot populations have declined in recent years due to the combined effects of an aging population (&xmacr; = 10 years in 2007) and extremely low recruitment since 2002. We examined otoliths from burbot (N = 91) collected in Lake Erie in 2007 and compared the estimates of burbot age by two agers, each using two established methods (cracked-and-burned and thin-section) of estimating ages from burbot otoliths. One ager was experienced at estimating age from otoliths, the other was a novice. Agreement (precision) between the two agers was higher for the thin-section method, particularly at ages 6–11 years, based on linear regression analyses and 95% confidence intervals. As expected, precision between the two methods was higher for the more experienced ager. Both agers reported that the thin sections offered clearer views of the annuli, particularly near the margins on otoliths from burbot ages ≥8. Slides for the thin sections required some costly equipment and more than 2 days to prepare. In contrast, preparing the cracked-and-burned samples was comparatively inexpensive and quick. We suggest use of the thin-section method for estimating the age structure of older burbot populations.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Applied Ichthyology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","publisherLocation":"Hoboken, NJ","doi":"10.1111/j.1439-0426.2011.01842.x","issn":"01758659","usgsCitation":"Edwards, W., Stapanian, M., and Stoneman, A., 2011, Precision of two methods for estimating age from burbot otoliths: Journal of Applied Ichthyology, v. 27, no. S1, p. 43-48, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0426.2011.01842.x.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"43","endPage":"48","costCenters":[{"id":513,"text":"Ohio Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":487933,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0426.2011.01842.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":216798,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0426.2011.01842.x"},{"id":244690,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"27","issue":"S1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-08-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a8145e4b0c8380cd7b43b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Edwards, W.H.","contributorId":43718,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edwards","given":"W.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445385,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stapanian, M.A.","contributorId":65437,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stapanian","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445387,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stoneman, A.T.","contributorId":50010,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stoneman","given":"A.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445386,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70034791,"text":"70034791 - 2011 - Diel cycles in dissolved barium, lead, iron, vanadium, and nitrite in a stream draining a former zinc smelter site near Hegeler, Illinois","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-03-16T11:59:35.839031","indexId":"70034791","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1213,"text":"Chemical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Diel cycles in dissolved barium, lead, iron, vanadium, and nitrite in a stream draining a former zinc smelter site near Hegeler, Illinois","docAbstract":"Diel variations in the concentrations of a number of constituents have the potential to substantially affect the appropriate sampling regimen in acidic streams. Samples taken once during the course of the day cannot adequately reflect diel variations in water quality and may result in an inaccurate understanding of biogeochemical processes, ecological conditions, and of the threat posed by the water to human health and the associated wildlife. Surface water and groundwater affected by acid drainage were sampled every 60 to 90 min over a 48-hour period at a former zinc smelter known as the Hegeler Zinc Superfund Site, near Hegeler, Illinois. Diel variations related to water quality in the aquifer were not observed in groundwater.
Diel variations were observed in the temperature, pH, and concentration of dissolved oxygen, nitrite, barium, iron, lead, vanadium, and possibly uranium in surface water. Temperature, dissolved oxygen, nitrite, barium, lead, and uranium generally attained maximum values during the afternoon and minimum values during the night. Iron, vanadium, and pH generally attained minimum values during the afternoon and maximum values during the night. Concentrations of dissolved oxygen were affected by the intensity of photosynthetic activity and respiration, which are dependent upon insolation. Nitrite, an intermediary in many nitrogen reactions, may have been formed by the oxidation of ammonium by dissolved oxygen and converted to other nitrogen species as part of the decomposition of organic matter. The timing of the pH cycles was distinctly different from the cycles found in Midwestern alkaline streams and likely was the result of the photoreduction of Fe3+ to Fe 2+ and variations in the intensity of precipitation of hydrous ferric oxide minerals. Diel cycles of iron and vanadium also were primarily the result of variations in the intensity of precipitation of hydrous ferric oxide minerals. The diel variation in the concentrations of lead, uranium, and barium may have been affected by competition with Fe+ 2 for sorption sites on hydrous ferric oxide minerals.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.chemgeo.2010.10.009","issn":"00092541","usgsCitation":"Kay, R.T., Groschen, G., Cygan, G., and Dupre, D.H., 2011, Diel cycles in dissolved barium, lead, iron, vanadium, and nitrite in a stream draining a former zinc smelter site near Hegeler, Illinois: Chemical Geology, v. 283, no. 1-2, p. 99-108, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2010.10.009.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"99","endPage":"108","costCenters":[{"id":344,"text":"Illinois Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":243489,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Illinois","otherGeospatial":"Hegeler","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -87.68051147460938,\n 40.04575171819509\n ],\n [\n -87.59708404541016,\n 40.04575171819509\n ],\n [\n -87.59708404541016,\n 40.094094213737755\n ],\n [\n -87.68051147460938,\n 40.094094213737755\n ],\n [\n -87.68051147460938,\n 40.04575171819509\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"283","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a00bfe4b0c8380cd4f8c9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kay, Robert T. 0000-0002-6281-8997 rtkay@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6281-8997","contributorId":1122,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kay","given":"Robert","email":"rtkay@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":344,"text":"Illinois Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":447637,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Groschen, G.E.","contributorId":17260,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Groschen","given":"G.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447636,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cygan, G.","contributorId":96500,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cygan","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447638,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dupre, David H. dhdupre@usgs.gov","contributorId":2782,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dupre","given":"David","email":"dhdupre@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":344,"text":"Illinois Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":447635,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70034357,"text":"70034357 - 2011 - Globorotalia truncatulinoides (dextral) Mg/Ca as a proxy for Gulf of Mexico winter mixed-layer temperature: evidence from a sediment trap in the northern Gulf of Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-29T11:57:10","indexId":"70034357","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2673,"text":"Marine Micropaleontology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Globorotalia truncatulinoides (dextral) Mg/Ca as a proxy for Gulf of Mexico winter mixed-layer temperature: evidence from a sediment trap in the northern Gulf of Mexico","docAbstract":"Three years of weekly- to biweekly-resolved sediment-trap data show that almost 90% of the total flux of tests of the planktic foraminifer Globorotalia truncatulinoides to sediments in the northern Gulf of Mexico occurs in January and February. Comparison of δ18O from tests of non-encrusted Gl. truncatulinoides in sediment-trap samples with calculated calcification depths indicates that the non-encrusted individuals secrete their test in the winter surface-mixed layer, most likely at the bottom of the surface mixed zone. Mg/Ca-temperature estimates from non-encrusted Gl. truncatulinoides in sediment-trap samples are consistent with observed temperatures at the calcification depths inferred from the δ18O data. In contrast, Mg/Ca-temperature estimates from encrusted Gl. truncatulinoides in sediment-trap samples indicate the crust is formed in cooler (deeper) waters.
\nA preliminary study in a core recovered near the sediment-trap site demonstrates that non-encrusted and encrusted forms of Gl. truncatulinoides in sediment samples show a similar offset in Mg/Ca values as observed in sediment-trap samples. A short (~ 100 years) Mg/Ca record from non-encrusted Gl. truncatulinoides indicates a warming trend that coincides with a warming trend in mean-annual sea-surface temperature recorded by Mg/Ca in Globigerinoides ruber (white) from the same core. These findings suggest Mg/Ca from non-encrusted Gl. truncatulinoides has clear potential as a proxy for past winter mixed-layer temperature.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Marine Micropaleontology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.marmicro.2011.05.001","issn":"03778398","usgsCitation":"Spear, J.W., Poore, R.Z., and Quinn, T.M., 2011, Globorotalia truncatulinoides (dextral) Mg/Ca as a proxy for Gulf of Mexico winter mixed-layer temperature: evidence from a sediment trap in the northern Gulf of Mexico: Marine Micropaleontology, v. 80, no. 3-4, p. 53-61, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marmicro.2011.05.001.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"53","endPage":"61","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":244721,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216826,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marmicro.2011.05.001"}],"otherGeospatial":"Gulf Of Mexico","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -97.86,20.71 ], [ -97.86,30.4 ], [ -81.04,30.4 ], [ -81.04,20.71 ], [ -97.86,20.71 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"80","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2968e4b0c8380cd5a917","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Spear, Jessica W. jspear@usgs.gov","contributorId":3619,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spear","given":"Jessica","email":"jspear@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":445393,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Poore, Richard Z. rpoore@usgs.gov","contributorId":345,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poore","given":"Richard","email":"rpoore@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Z.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":445392,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Quinn, Terrence M.","contributorId":82949,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Quinn","given":"Terrence","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":6732,"text":"Geological Sciences, University of Texas at Austin","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":445394,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70033778,"text":"70033778 - 2011 - Soil and periphyton indicators of anthropogenic water-quality changes in a rainfall-driven wetland","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-29T00:55:32.097845","indexId":"70033778","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3751,"text":"Wetlands Ecology and Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Soil and periphyton indicators of anthropogenic water-quality changes in a rainfall-driven wetland","docAbstract":"Surface soils and periphyton communities were sampled across an oligotrophic, soft-water wetland to document changes associated with pulsed inputs of nutrient- and mineral-rich canal drainage waters. A gradient of canal-water influence was indicated by the surface-water specific conductance, which ranged between 743 and 963 μS cm−1 in the canals to as low as 60 μS cm−1 in the rainfall-driven wetland interior. Changes in soil chemistry and periphyton taxonomic composition across this gradient were described using piecewise regressions models. The greatest increase in soil phosphorus (P) concentration occurred at sites closest to the canal while soil mineral (sulfur, calcium) concentrations increased most rapidly at the lower end of the gradient. Multiple periphyton shifts occurred at the lower end of the gradient and included; (1) a decline in desmids and non-desmid filamentous chlorophytes, and their replacement by a diatom-dominated community; (2) the loss of soft-water diatom indicator species and their replacement by hard-water species. Increased dominance by cyanobacteria and eutrophic diatom indicators occurred closer to the canals. Soil and periphyton changes indicated four zones of increasing canal influence across the wetland: (1) a zone of increasing mineral concentrations where soft-water taxa remained dominant; (2) a transition towards hard-water, oligotrophic diatoms as mineral concentrations increased further; (3) a zone of dominance by these hard-water species; (4) a zone of rapidly increasing P concentrations and dominance by eutrophic taxa. In contrast to conclusions drawn from routine water-chemistry monitoring, measures of chemical and biological change presented here indicate that most of this rainfall-driven peatland receives some influence from canal discharges. These changes are multifaceted and induced by shifts in multiple chemical constituents.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s11273-010-9196-9","issn":"09234861","usgsCitation":"McCormick, P., 2011, Soil and periphyton indicators of anthropogenic water-quality changes in a rainfall-driven wetland: Wetlands Ecology and Management, v. 19, no. 1, p. 19-34, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11273-010-9196-9.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"19","endPage":"34","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":242133,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -80.75883475987408,\n 26.94068494675595\n ],\n [\n -80.75883475987408,\n 25.983535729330498\n ],\n [\n -80.09680254327925,\n 25.983535729330498\n ],\n [\n -80.09680254327925,\n 26.94068494675595\n ],\n [\n -80.75883475987408,\n 26.94068494675595\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"19","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-31","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b91eae4b08c986b319b9c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McCormick, P.V.","contributorId":93272,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCormick","given":"P.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442406,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70034361,"text":"70034361 - 2011 - Loss of volatile hydrocarbons from an LNAPL oil source","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-14T15:31:19","indexId":"70034361","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2233,"text":"Journal of Contaminant Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Loss of volatile hydrocarbons from an LNAPL oil source","docAbstract":"The light nonaqueous phase liquid (LNAPL) oil pool in an aquifer that resulted from a pipeline spill near Bemidji, Minnesota, was analyzed for volatile hydrocarbons (VHCs) to determine if the composition of the oil remains constant over time. Oil samples were obtained from wells at five locations in the oil pool in an anaerobic part of the glacial outwash aquifer. Samples covering a 21-year period were analyzed for 25 VHCs. Compared to the composition of oil from the pipeline source, VHCs identified in oil from wells sampled in 2008 were 13 to 64% depleted. The magnitude of loss for the VHCs analyzed was toluene ≫ o-xylene, benzene, C6 and C10–12n-alkanes > C7–C9n-alkanes > m-xylene, cyclohexane, and 1- and 2-methylnaphthalene > 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene and ethylbenzene. Other VHCs including p-xylene, 1,3,5- and 1,2,3-trimethylbenzenes, the tetramethylbenzenes, methyl- and ethyl-cyclohexane, and naphthalene were not depleted during the time of the study. Water–oil and air–water batch equilibration simulations indicate that volatilization and biodegradation is most important for the C6–C9n-alkanes and cyclohexanes; dissolution and biodegradation is important for most of the other hydrocarbons. Depletion of the hydrocarbons in the oil pool is controlled by: the lack of oxygen and nutrients, differing rates of recharge, and the spatial distribution of oil in the aquifer. The mass loss of these VHCs in the 5 wells is between 1.6 and 7.4% in 29 years or an average annual loss of 0.06–0.26%/year. The present study shows that the composition of LNAPL changes over time and that these changes are spatially variable. This highlights the importance of characterizing the temporal and spatial variabilities of the source term in solute-transport models.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jconhyd.2011.06.006","issn":"01697722","usgsCitation":"Baedecker, M.J., Eganhouse, R., Bekins, B.A., and Delin, G.N., 2011, Loss of volatile hydrocarbons from an LNAPL oil source: Journal of Contaminant Hydrology, v. 126, no. 3-4, p. 140-152, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jconhyd.2011.06.006.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"140","endPage":"152","costCenters":[{"id":146,"text":"Branch of Regional Research-Eastern Region","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":244785,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","city":"Bemidji","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -95.0373,47.3762 ], [ -95.0373,47.6177 ], [ -94.6844,47.6177 ], [ -94.6844,47.3762 ], [ -95.0373,47.3762 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"126","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a49dee4b0c8380cd68956","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Baedecker, Mary Jo 0000-0002-4865-1043 mjbaedec@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4865-1043","contributorId":197793,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baedecker","given":"Mary","email":"mjbaedec@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Jo","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":779430,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Eganhouse, Robert P. eganhous@usgs.gov","contributorId":2031,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eganhouse","given":"Robert P.","email":"eganhous@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":779431,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bekins, Barbara A. 0000-0002-1411-6018 babekins@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1411-6018","contributorId":1348,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bekins","given":"Barbara","email":"babekins@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36183,"text":"Hydro-Ecological Interactions Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":779432,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Delin, Geoffrey N. 0000-0001-7991-6158 delin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7991-6158","contributorId":2610,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Delin","given":"Geoffrey","email":"delin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":5063,"text":"Central Water Science Field Team","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":779433,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70034758,"text":"70034758 - 2011 - Response of algal metrics to nutrients and physical factors and identification of nutrient thresholds in agricultural streams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-03-15T20:11:28.551389","indexId":"70034758","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1552,"text":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment","onlineIssn":"1573-2959","printIssn":"0167-6369","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Response of algal metrics to nutrients and physical factors and identification of nutrient thresholds in agricultural streams","docAbstract":"Many streams within the United States are impaired due to nutrient enrichment, particularly in agricultural settings. The present study examines the response of benthic algal communities in agricultural and minimally disturbed sites from across the western United States to a suite of environmental factors, including nutrients, collected at multiple scales. The first objective was to identify the relative importance of nutrients, habitat and watershed features, and macroinvertebrate trophic structure to explain algal metrics derived from deposition and erosion habitats. The second objective was to determine if thresholds in total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) related to algal metrics could be identified and how these thresholds varied across metrics and habitats. Nutrient concentrations within the agricultural areas were elevated and greater than published threshold values. All algal metrics examined responded to nutrients as hypothesized. Although nutrients typically were the most important variables in explaining the variation in each of the algal metrics, environmental factors operating at multiple scales also were important. Calculated thresholds for TN or TP based on the algal metrics generated from samples collected from erosion and deposition habitats were not significantly different. Little variability in threshold values for each metric for TN and TP was observed. The consistency of the threshold values measured across multiple metrics and habitats suggest that the thresholds identified in this study are ecologically relevant. Additional work to characterize the relationship between algal metrics, physical and chemical features, and nuisance algal growth would be of benefit to the development of nutrient thresholds and criteria.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1007/s10661-010-1539-8","issn":"01676369","usgsCitation":"Black, R.W., Moran, P.W., and Frankforter, J.D., 2011, Response of algal metrics to nutrients and physical factors and identification of nutrient thresholds in agricultural streams: Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, v. 175, no. 1-4, p. 397-417, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-010-1539-8.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"397","endPage":"417","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475070,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-010-1539-8","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":243453,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215636,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10661-010-1539-8"}],"volume":"175","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-06-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aaa2ce4b0c8380cd861ad","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Black, Robert W. 0000-0002-4748-8213 rwblack@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4748-8213","contributorId":1820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Black","given":"Robert","email":"rwblack@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":447447,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Moran, Patrick W. 0000-0002-2002-3539 pwmoran@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2002-3539","contributorId":489,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moran","given":"Patrick","email":"pwmoran@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":447445,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Frankforter, Jill D. 0000-0003-0371-2313 jdfrankf@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0371-2313","contributorId":1739,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frankforter","given":"Jill","email":"jdfrankf@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":5050,"text":"WY-MT Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":447446,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70034754,"text":"70034754 - 2011 - Seismically observed seiching in the Panama Canal","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:42","indexId":"70034754","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seismically observed seiching in the Panama Canal","docAbstract":"A large portion of the seismic noise spectrum is dominated by water wave energy coupled into the solid Earth. Distinct mechanisms of water wave induced ground motions are distinguished by their spectral content. For example, cultural noise is generally <1 s period, microseisms dominate the seismic spectrum from periods of 2 to 20 s, and the Earth's \"hum\" is in the range of 50 to 600 s. We show that in a large lake in the Panama Canal there is an additional source of long-period noise generated by standing water waves, seiches, induced by disturbances such as passing ships and wind pressure. We compare seismic waveforms to water level records and relate these observations to changes in local tilt and gravity due to an oscillating seiche. The methods and observations discussed in this paper provide a first step toward quantifying the impact of water inundation as recorded by seismometers. This type of quantified understanding of water inundation will help in future estimates of similar phenomena such as the seismic observations of tsunami impact. Copyright 2011 by the American Geophysical Union.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2010JB007930","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"McNamara, D., Ringler, A., Hutt, C., and Gee, L., 2011, Seismically observed seiching in the Panama Canal: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 116, no. 4, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JB007930.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":475389,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2010jb007930","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":243419,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215605,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2010JB007930"}],"volume":"116","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-04-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8b8ae4b08c986b3178ee","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McNamara, D.E. 0000-0001-6860-0350","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6860-0350","contributorId":52286,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McNamara","given":"D.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447426,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ringler, A. T. 0000-0002-9839-4188","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9839-4188","contributorId":99282,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ringler","given":"A. T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447428,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hutt, C. R. 0000-0001-9033-9195","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9033-9195","contributorId":61910,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hutt","given":"C. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447427,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gee, L.S.","contributorId":37980,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gee","given":"L.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447425,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70033785,"text":"70033785 - 2011 - Comparison of Two Parametric Methods to Estimate Pesticide Mass Loads in California's Central Valley","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-15T13:34:13","indexId":"70033785","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2529,"text":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparison of Two Parametric Methods to Estimate Pesticide Mass Loads in California's Central Valley","docAbstract":"Mass loadings were calculated for four pesticides in two watersheds with different land uses in the Central Valley, California, by using two parametric models: (1) the Seasonal Wave model (SeaWave), in which a pulse signal is used to describe the annual cycle of pesticide occurrence in a stream, and (2) the Sine Wave model, in which first-order Fourier series sine and cosine terms are used to simulate seasonal mass loading patterns. The models were applied to data collected during water years 1997 through 2005. The pesticides modeled were carbaryl, diazinon, metolachlor, and molinate. Results from the two models show that the ability to capture seasonal variations in pesticide concentrations was affected by pesticide use patterns and the methods by which pesticides are transported to streams. Estimated seasonal loads compared well with results from previous studies for both models. Loads estimated by the two models did not differ significantly from each other, with the exceptions of carbaryl and molinate during the precipitation season, where loads were affected by application patterns and rainfall. However, in watersheds with variable and intermittent pesticide applications, the SeaWave model is more suitable for use on the basis of its robust capability of describing seasonal variation of pesticide concentrations. ?? 2010 American Water Resources Association. This article is a US Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.2010.00506.x","issn":"1093474X","usgsCitation":"Saleh, D., Lorenz, D., and Domagalski, J.L., 2011, Comparison of Two Parametric Methods to Estimate Pesticide Mass Loads in California's Central Valley: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 47, no. 2, p. 254-264, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2010.00506.x.","startPage":"254","endPage":"264","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":242263,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214529,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2010.00506.x"}],"volume":"47","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-12-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f849e4b0c8380cd4cfc3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Saleh, D.K. 0000-0002-1406-9303","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1406-9303","contributorId":82748,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Saleh","given":"D.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442462,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lorenz, D. L.","contributorId":10776,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lorenz","given":"D. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442460,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Domagalski, Joseph L. 0000-0002-6032-757X joed@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6032-757X","contributorId":1330,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Domagalski","given":"Joseph","email":"joed@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":442461,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70034373,"text":"70034373 - 2011 - Implementation and modification of a three-dimensional radiation stress formulation for surf zone and rip-current applications","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-21T19:47:50.843561","indexId":"70034373","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1262,"text":"Coastal Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Implementation and modification of a three-dimensional radiation stress formulation for surf zone and rip-current applications","docAbstract":"Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS v 3.0), a three-dimensional numerical ocean model, was previously enhanced for shallow water applications by including wave-induced radiation stress forcing provided through coupling to wave propagation models (SWAN, REF/DIF). This enhancement made it suitable for surf zone applications as demonstrated using examples of obliquely incident waves on a planar beach and rip current formation in longshore bar trough morphology (Haas and Warner, 2009). In this contribution, we present an update to the coupled model which implements a wave roller model and also a modified method of the radiation stress term based on Mellor (2008, 2011a,b,in press) that includes a vertical distribution which better simulates non-conservative (i.e., wave breaking) processes and appears to be more appropriate for sigma coordinates in very shallow waters where wave breaking conditions dominate. The improvements of the modified model are shown through simulations of several cases that include: (a) obliquely incident spectral waves on a planar beach; (b) obliquely incident spectral waves on a natural barred beach (DUCK'94 experiment); (c) alongshore variable offshore wave forcing on a planar beach; (d) alongshore varying bathymetry with constant offshore wave forcing; and (e) nearshore barred morphology with rip-channels. Quantitative and qualitative comparisons to previous analytical, numerical, laboratory studies and field measurements show that the modified model replicates surf zone recirculation patterns (onshore drift at the surface and undertow at the bottom) more accurately than previous formulations based on radiation stress (Haas and Warner, 2009). The results of the model and test cases are further explored for identifying the forces operating in rip current development and the potential implication for sediment transport and rip channel development. Also, model analysis showed that rip current strength is higher when waves approach at angles of 5° to 10° in comparison to normally incident waves.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.coastaleng.2011.06.009","issn":"03783839","usgsCitation":"Kumar, N., Voulgaris, G., and Warner, J., 2011, Implementation and modification of a three-dimensional radiation stress formulation for surf zone and rip-current applications: Coastal Engineering, v. 58, no. 12, p. 1097-1117, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coastaleng.2011.06.009.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"1097","endPage":"1117","numberOfPages":"21","ipdsId":"IP-022281","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":244469,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216589,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.coastaleng.2011.06.009"}],"volume":"58","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a390be4b0c8380cd617a0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kumar, N.","contributorId":55227,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kumar","given":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445477,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Voulgaris, G.","contributorId":73701,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Voulgaris","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445478,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Warner, John C. 0000-0002-3734-8903 jcwarner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3734-8903","contributorId":2681,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warner","given":"John C.","email":"jcwarner@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":445476,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70034753,"text":"70034753 - 2011 - Evaluating impacts of subdivision density on shallow groundwater in Southeastern Wisconsin, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-03-15T20:23:07.895811","indexId":"70034753","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2261,"text":"Journal of Environmental Planning and Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluating impacts of subdivision density on shallow groundwater in Southeastern Wisconsin, USA","docAbstract":"Using simple numerical groundwater flow models, we tested the impacts of suburban developments on groundwater levels and discharge to streams. We used lot sizes of 1, 3 and 5 acres (4000, 12,000 and 20,000 m2) with one domestic well per lot that pumped water from shallow aquifers. Our modelling showed that pumping had little impact on water levels and groundwater discharge to streams if the developed area is of a moderate size. However, domestic wells had the potential to impact local groundwater levels and baseflows in large developments. In township-wide development scenarios of 1-acre (4000 m2) lots, simulated drawdowns beneath developed areas ranged from 1 to 18 ft (0.3 to 5.5 m), and baseflow reductions ranged from 20 to 40%. Impacts generally were inversely proportional to lot size, recharge rate and hydraulic conductivity of the aquifer materials. Developments using individual domestic wells have the potential to impact local groundwater levels and surface water features. The impacts can range from negligible to severe, depending on local hydrogeologic conditions and on whether wastewater is recharged onsite or is removed from the basin. An assessment of groundwater impacts should be a part of the planning process for all suburban developments.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis Online","doi":"10.1080/09640568.2010.524358","issn":"09640568","usgsCitation":"Rayne, T., and Bradbury, K.R., 2011, Evaluating impacts of subdivision density on shallow groundwater in Southeastern Wisconsin, USA: Journal of Environmental Planning and Management, v. 54, no. 5, p. 559-575, https://doi.org/10.1080/09640568.2010.524358.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"559","endPage":"575","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":243386,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215573,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09640568.2010.524358"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","otherGeospatial":"Southeastern Wisconsin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -87.8082275390625,\n 42.49640294093705\n ],\n [\n -87.81372070312499,\n 42.61779143282346\n ],\n [\n -87.7532958984375,\n 42.69858589169842\n ],\n [\n -87.7532958984375,\n 42.783307077249624\n ],\n [\n -87.8302001953125,\n 42.91218338638015\n ],\n [\n -87.8466796875,\n 42.99259451971113\n ],\n [\n -87.857666015625,\n 43.04480541304369\n ],\n [\n -87.879638671875,\n 43.201171681272456\n ],\n [\n -87.86865234374999,\n 43.34914966389313\n ],\n [\n -87.7587890625,\n 43.628123412124616\n ],\n [\n -88.6541748046875,\n 43.636075155965784\n ],\n [\n -88.6541748046875,\n 43.337164854911094\n ],\n [\n -88.65966796875,\n 42.49640294093705\n ],\n [\n -87.8082275390625,\n 42.49640294093705\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"54","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0be7e4b0c8380cd52928","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rayne, T.W.","contributorId":86582,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rayne","given":"T.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447424,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bradbury, K. R.","contributorId":86070,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradbury","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447423,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70034381,"text":"70034381 - 2011 - Gas hydrate saturation from acoustic impedance and resistivity logs in the Shenhu area, south China Sea","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-22T12:01:04.212188","indexId":"70034381","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2682,"text":"Marine and Petroleum Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Gas hydrate saturation from acoustic impedance and resistivity logs in the Shenhu area, south China Sea","docAbstract":"During the China’s first gas hydrate drilling expedition -1 (GMGS-1), gas hydrate was discovered in layers ranging from 10 to 25 m above the base of gas hydrate stability zone in the Shenhu area, South China Sea. Water chemistry, electrical resistivity logs, and acoustic impedance were used to estimate gas hydrate saturations. Gas hydrate saturations estimated from the chloride concentrations range from 0 to 43% of the pore space. The higher gas hydrate saturations were present in the depth from 152 to 177 m at site SH7 and from 190 to 225 m at site SH2, respectively. Gas hydrate saturations estimated from the resistivity using Archie equation have similar trends to those from chloride concentrations. To examine the variability of gas hydrate saturations away from the wells, acoustic impedances calculated from the 3 D seismic data using constrained sparse inversion method were used. Well logs acquired at site SH7 were incorporated into the inversion by establishing a relation between the water-filled porosity, calculated using gas hydrate saturations estimated from the resistivity logs, and the acoustic impedance, calculated from density and velocity logs. Gas hydrate saturations estimated from acoustic impedance of seismic data are ∼10–23% of the pore space and are comparable to those estimated from the well logs. The uncertainties in estimated gas hydrate saturations from seismic acoustic impedances were mainly from uncertainties associated with inverted acoustic impedance, the empirical relation between the water-filled porosities and acoustic impedances, and assumed background resistivity.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2011.07.002","issn":"02648172","usgsCitation":"Wang, X., Wu, S., Lee, M., Guo, Y., Yang, S., and Liang, J., 2011, Gas hydrate saturation from acoustic impedance and resistivity logs in the Shenhu area, south China Sea: Marine and Petroleum Geology, v. 28, no. 9, p. 1625-1633, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2011.07.002.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"1625","endPage":"1633","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":244593,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"South China Sea","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 111.62109375,\n 15.728813770533966\n ],\n [\n 119.46533203125,\n 15.728813770533966\n ],\n [\n 119.46533203125,\n 20.981956742832327\n ],\n [\n 111.62109375,\n 20.981956742832327\n ],\n [\n 111.62109375,\n 15.728813770533966\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"28","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a14d0e4b0c8380cd54b9b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wang, X.","contributorId":22076,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wang","given":"X.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445519,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wu, S.","contributorId":84128,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wu","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445522,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lee, M.","contributorId":32484,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445520,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Guo, Y.","contributorId":11852,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guo","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445517,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Yang, S.","contributorId":13588,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yang","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445518,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Liang, J.","contributorId":80069,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liang","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445521,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70034606,"text":"70034606 - 2011 - Mid Holocene lake level and shoreline behavior during the Nipissing phase of the upper Great Lakes at Alpena, Michigan, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-15T12:00:47.440536","indexId":"70034606","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2330,"text":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mid Holocene lake level and shoreline behavior during the Nipissing phase of the upper Great Lakes at Alpena, Michigan, USA","docAbstract":"The Nipissing phase was the last pre-modern high-water stage of the upper Great Lakes. Represented as either a one- or two-peak highstand, the Nipissing occurred following a long-term lake-level rise. This transgression was primarily an erosional event with only the final stage of the transgression preserved as barriers, spits, and strandplains of beach ridges. South of Alpena, Michigan, mid to late Holocene coastal deposits occur as a strandplain between Devils Lake and Lake Huron. The landward part of this strandplain is a higher elevation platform that formed during the final stage of lake-level rise to the Nipissing peak. The pre-Nipissing shoreline transgressed over Devils Lake lagoonal deposits from 6.4 to 6.1 ka. The first beach ridge formed ~ 6 ka, and then the shoreline advanced toward Lake Huron, producing beach ridges about every 70 years. This depositional regression produced a slightly thickening wedge of sediment during a lake-level rise that formed 20 beach ridges. The rise ended at 4.5 ka at the Nipissing peak. This peak was short-lived, as lake level fell > 4 m during the following 500 years. During this lake-level rise and subsequent fall, the shoreline underwent several forms of shoreline behavior, including erosional transgression, aggradation, depositional transgression, depositional regression, and forced regression. Other upper Great Lakes Nipissing platforms indicate that the lake-level change observed at Alpena of a rapid pre-Nipissing lake-level rise followed by a slower rise to the Nipissing peak, and a post-Nipissing rapid lake-level fall is representative of mid Holocene lake level in the upper Great Lakes.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jglr.2011.05.012","issn":"03801330","usgsCitation":"Thompson, T., Lepper, K., Endres, A., Johnston, J., Baedke, S., Argyilan, E., Booth, R., and Wilcox, D., 2011, Mid Holocene lake level and shoreline behavior during the Nipissing phase of the upper Great Lakes at Alpena, Michigan, USA: Journal of Great Lakes Research, v. 37, no. 3, p. 567-576, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jglr.2011.05.012.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"567","endPage":"576","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":243630,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215804,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jglr.2011.05.012"}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan","city":"Alpena","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -83.5455322265625,\n 44.820812031724444\n ],\n [\n -83.2598876953125,\n 44.820812031724444\n ],\n [\n -83.2598876953125,\n 45.1394300814679\n ],\n [\n -83.5455322265625,\n 45.1394300814679\n ],\n [\n -83.5455322265625,\n 44.820812031724444\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"37","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a56b1e4b0c8380cd6d763","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thompson, T.A.","contributorId":73226,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"T.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446627,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lepper, K.","contributorId":81284,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lepper","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446628,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Endres, A.L.","contributorId":71025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Endres","given":"A.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446626,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Johnston, J.W.","contributorId":67260,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnston","given":"J.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446625,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Baedke, S.J.","contributorId":14585,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baedke","given":"S.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446622,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Argyilan, E.P.","contributorId":11822,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Argyilan","given":"E.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446621,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Booth, R.K.","contributorId":47122,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Booth","given":"R.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446623,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Wilcox, D.A.","contributorId":55382,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilcox","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446624,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70034385,"text":"70034385 - 2011 - An equation of state for hypersaline water in Great Salt Lake, Utah, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-22T11:59:28.876478","indexId":"70034385","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":866,"text":"Aquatic Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An equation of state for hypersaline water in Great Salt Lake, Utah, USA","docAbstract":"Great Salt Lake (GSL) is one of the largest and most saline lakes in the world. In order to accurately model limnological processes in GSL, hydrodynamic calculations require the precise estimation of water density (ρ) under a variety of environmental conditions. An equation of state was developed with water samples collected from GSL to estimate density as a function of salinity and water temperature. The ρ of water samples from the south arm of GSL was measured as a function of temperature ranging from 278 to 323 degrees Kelvin (oK) and conductivity salinities ranging from 23 to 182 g L−1 using an Anton Paar density meter. These results have been used to develop the following equation of state for GSL (σ = ± 0.32 kg m−3):
ρ−ρ0=184.01062+1.04708∗S−1.21061∗T +3.14721E−4∗S2+0.00199T2−0.00112∗S∗T,
where ρ 0 is the density of pure water in kg m−3, S is conductivity salinity g L−1, and T is water temperature in degrees Kelvin.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10498-011-9138-z","issn":"13806165","usgsCitation":"Naftz, D.L., Millero, F., Jones, B., and Green, W.R., 2011, An equation of state for hypersaline water in Great Salt Lake, Utah, USA: Aquatic Geochemistry, v. 17, no. 6, p. 809-820, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10498-011-9138-z.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"809","endPage":"820","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":438835,"rank":1,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P96MNH8J","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Density and salinity data to validate an equation of state for hypersaline water in Great Salt Lake, Utah, 2021&amp;amp;ndash;2022"},{"id":244659,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","otherGeospatial":"Great Salt Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -112.9010009765625,\n 40.68063802521456\n ],\n [\n -111.7529296875,\n 40.68063802521456\n ],\n [\n -111.7529296875,\n 41.335575973123916\n ],\n [\n -112.9010009765625,\n 41.335575973123916\n ],\n [\n -112.9010009765625,\n 40.68063802521456\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"17","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-06-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e9d3e4b0c8380cd484aa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Naftz, D. L.","contributorId":40624,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Naftz","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445538,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Millero, F.J.","contributorId":106345,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Millero","given":"F.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445541,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jones, B.F.","contributorId":52156,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"B.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445539,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Green, W. R.","contributorId":68354,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Green","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445540,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70034387,"text":"70034387 - 2011 - Oxygen-isotope trends and seawater temperature changes across the Late Cambrian Steptoean positive carbon-isotope excursion (SPICE event)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-22T11:58:11.754448","indexId":"70034387","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Oxygen-isotope trends and seawater temperature changes across the Late Cambrian Steptoean positive carbon-isotope excursion (SPICE event)","docAbstract":"The globally recognized Late Cambrian Steptoean positive C-isotope excursion (SPICE) is characterized by a 3‰–5‰ positive δ13C shift spanning <4 m.y. Existing hypotheses suggest that the SPICE represents a widespread ocean anoxic event leading to enhanced burial/preservation of organic matter (Corg) and pyrite. We analyzed δ18O values of apatitic inarticulate brachiopods from three Upper Cambrian successions across Laurentia to evaluate paleotemperatures during the SPICE. δ18O values range from ∼12.5‰ to 16.5‰. Estimated seawater temperatures associated with the SPICE are unreasonably warm, suggesting that the brachiopod δ18O values were altered during early diagenesis. Despite this, all three localities show similar trends with respect to the SPICE δ13C curve, suggesting that the brachiopod apatite preserves a record of relative δ18O and temperature changes. The trends include relatively high δ18O values at the onset of the SPICE, decreasing and lowest values during the main event, and an increase in values at the end of the event. The higher δ18O values during the global extinction at the onset of the SPICE suggests seawater cooling and supports earlier hypotheses of upwelling of cool waters onto the shallow shelf. Decreasing and low δ18O values coincident with the rising limb of the SPICE support the hypothesis that seawater warming and associated reduced thermohaline circulation rates contributed to decreased dissolved O2 concentrations, which enhanced the preservation/burial of Corg causing the positive δ13C shift.
Rapid detection and delineation of contaminants in urban settings is critically important in protecting human health. Cores from trees growing above a plume of contaminated groundwater in Verl, Germany, were collected in 1 day, with subsequent analysis and plume mapping completed over several days. Solid-phase microextraction (SPME) analysis was applied to detect tetrachloroethene (PCE) and trichloroethene (TCE) to below nanogram/liter levels in the transpiration stream of the trees. The tree core concentrations showed a clear areal correlation to the distribution of PCE and TCE in the groundwater. Concentrations in tree cores were lower than the underlying groundwater, as anticipated; however, the tree core water retained the PCE:TCE signature of the underlying groundwater in the urban, populated area. The PCE:TCE ratio can indicate areas of differing degradation activity. Therefore, the phytoscreening analysis was capable not only of mapping the spatial distribution of groundwater contamination but also of delineating zones of potentially differing contaminant sources and degradation. The simplicity of tree coring and the ability to collect a large number of samples in a day with minimal disruption or property damage in the urban setting demonstrates that phytoscreening can be a powerful tool for gaining reconnaissance-level information on groundwater contaminated by chlorinated solvents. The use of SPME decreases the detection level considerably and increases the sensitivity of phytoscreening as an assessment, monitoring, and phytoforensic tool. With rapid, inexpensive, and noninvasive methods of detecting and delineating contaminants underlying homes, as in this case, human health can be better protected through screening of broader areas and with far faster response times.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Chemical Society","doi":"10.1021/es201704v","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Limmer, M., Balouet, J., Karg, F., Vroblesky, D., and Burken, J., 2011, Phytoscreening for chlorinated solvents using rapid in vitro SPME sampling: Application to urban plume in Verl, Germany: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 45, no. 19, p. 8276-8282, https://doi.org/10.1021/es201704v.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"8276","endPage":"8282","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":244723,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216828,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es201704v"}],"country":"Germany","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[9.92191,54.9831],[9.93958,54.59664],[10.95011,54.36361],[10.93947,54.00869],[11.95625,54.19649],[12.51844,54.47037],[13.64747,54.07551],[14.11969,53.75703],[14.35332,53.24817],[14.07452,52.98126],[14.4376,52.62485],[14.68503,52.08995],[14.6071,51.74519],[15.017,51.10667],[14.57072,51.00234],[14.30701,51.11727],[14.05623,50.92692],[13.33813,50.73323],[12.96684,50.48408],[12.24011,50.26634],[12.41519,49.96912],[12.52102,49.54742],[13.03133,49.30707],[13.59595,48.87717],[13.24336,48.41611],[12.8841,48.28915],[13.02585,47.63758],[12.93263,47.46765],[12.62076,47.67239],[12.14136,47.70308],[11.42641,47.52377],[10.5445,47.5664],[10.40208,47.30249],[9.89607,47.5802],[9.59423,47.52506],[8.52261,47.83083],[8.3173,47.61358],[7.46676,47.62058],[7.59368,48.33302],[8.09928,49.01778],[6.65823,49.20196],[6.18632,49.4638],[6.24275,49.90223],[6.04307,50.12805],[6.15666,50.80372],[5.98866,51.85162],[6.5894,51.85203],[6.84287,52.22844],[7.09205,53.14404],[6.90514,53.48216],[7.10042,53.69393],[7.93624,53.7483],[8.12171,53.52779],[8.80073,54.02079],[8.57212,54.39565],[8.52623,54.96274],[9.28205,54.83087],[9.92191,54.9831]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Germany\"}}]}","volume":"45","issue":"19","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-09-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7b3ee4b0c8380cd79332","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Limmer, M.A.","contributorId":71032,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Limmer","given":"M.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445553,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Balouet, J.-C.","contributorId":84597,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Balouet","given":"J.-C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445554,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Karg, F.","contributorId":16678,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Karg","given":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445551,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Vroblesky, D.A.","contributorId":101691,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vroblesky","given":"D.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445555,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Burken, J.G.","contributorId":30810,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burken","given":"J.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445552,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70034389,"text":"70034389 - 2011 - Short-term survival and effects of transmitter implantation into western grebes using a modified surgical procedure","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-05-13T11:44:10","indexId":"70034389","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2514,"text":"Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Short-term survival and effects of transmitter implantation into western grebes using a modified surgical procedure","docAbstract":"Two pilot trials and one study in a closely related grebe species suggest that Western grebes (Aechmophorus occidentalis) will not tolerate intracoelomic transmitter implantation with percutaneous antennae and often die within days of surgery. Wild Western grebes (n = 21) were captured to evaluate a modified surgical technique. Seven birds were surgically implanted with intracoelomic transmitters with percutaneous antennae by using the modified technique (transmitter group), 7 received the same surgery without transmitter implantation (celiotomy group), and 7 served as controls (only undergoing anesthesia). Modifications included laterally offsetting the body wall incision from the skin incision, application of absorbable cyanoacrylate tissue glue to the subcutaneous space between the body wall and skin incisions, application of a waterproof sealant to the skin incision after suture closure, and application of a piece of porcine small intestine submucosa to the antenna egress. Survival did not differ among the 3 groups with 7 of 7 control, 6 of 7 celiotomy, and 6 of 7 transmitter birds surviving the 9-day study. Experimental birds were euthanized at the end of the study, and postmortem findings indicated normal healing. Significant differences in plasma chemistry or immune function were not detected among the 3 groups, and only minor differences were detected in red blood cell indices and plasma proteins. After surgery, the birds in the transmitter group spent more time preening tail feathers than those in the control and celiotomy groups. These results demonstrate that, in a captive situation, celiotomy and intracoelomic transmitter implantation caused minimal detectable homeostatic disturbance in this species and that Western grebes can survive implantation of intracoelomic transmitters with percutaneous antennae. It remains to be determined what potential this modified surgical procedure has to improve postoperative survival of Western grebes that are intracelomically implanted with transmitters with percutaneous antennae and released into the wild.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Association of Zoo Veterinarians","doi":"10.1638/2010-0233.1","issn":"10427260","usgsCitation":"Gaydos, J.K., Massey, J.G., Mulcahy, D.M., Gaskins, L.A., Nysewander, D., Evenson, J., Siegel, P.B., and Ziccardi, M.H., 2011, Short-term survival and effects of transmitter implantation into western grebes using a modified surgical procedure: Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine, v. 42, no. 3, p. 414-425, https://doi.org/10.1638/2010-0233.1.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"414","endPage":"425","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":244724,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216829,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1638/2010-0233.1"}],"volume":"42","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8ec7e4b08c986b318b3c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gaydos, Joseph K.","contributorId":28456,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gaydos","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445560,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Massey, J. Gregory","contributorId":101054,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Massey","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Gregory","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445563,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mulcahy, Daniel M. dmulcahy@usgs.gov","contributorId":3102,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mulcahy","given":"Daniel","email":"dmulcahy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":445556,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gaskins, Lori A.","contributorId":6288,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gaskins","given":"Lori","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445557,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Nysewander, David","contributorId":57298,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nysewander","given":"David","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445562,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Evenson, Joseph","contributorId":19809,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evenson","given":"Joseph","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445559,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Siegel, Paul B.","contributorId":44763,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Siegel","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445561,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Ziccardi, Michael H.","contributorId":16677,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ziccardi","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445558,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70034734,"text":"70034734 - 2011 - The shakeout scenario: Meeting the needs for construction aggregates, asphalt, and concrete","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-03-30T12:18:55.523379","indexId":"70034734","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1436,"text":"Earthquake Spectra","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The shakeout scenario: Meeting the needs for construction aggregates, asphalt, and concrete","docAbstract":"An Mw 7.8 earthquake as described in the ShakeOut Scenario would cause significant damage to buildings and infrastructure. Over 6 million tons of newly mined aggregate would be used for emergency repairs and for reconstruction in the five years following the event. This aggregate would be applied mostly in the form of concrete for buildings and bridges, asphalt or concrete for pavement, and unbound gravel for applications such as base course that goes under highway pavement and backfilling for foundations and pipelines. There are over 450 aggregate, concrete, and asphalt plants in the affected area, some of which would be heavily damaged. Meeting the increased demand for construction materials would require readily available permitted reserves, functioning production facilities, a supply of cement and asphalt, a source of water, gas, and electricity, and a trained workforce. Prudent advance preparations would facilitate a timely emergency response and reconstruction following such an earthquake.
","language":"English","publisher":"Sage Journals","doi":"10.1193/1.3570679","issn":"87552930","usgsCitation":"Langer, W.H., 2011, The shakeout scenario: Meeting the needs for construction aggregates, asphalt, and concrete: Earthquake Spectra, v. 27, no. 2, p. 505-520, https://doi.org/10.1193/1.3570679.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"505","endPage":"520","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":243579,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"27","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb025e4b08c986b324c67","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Langer, W. H.","contributorId":44932,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langer","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447277,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70034733,"text":"70034733 - 2011 - Statistical models of temperature in the Sacramento-San Joaquin delta under climate-change scenarios and ecological implications","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-06-08T13:44:54","indexId":"70034733","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1584,"text":"Estuaries and Coasts","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Statistical models of temperature in the Sacramento-San Joaquin delta under climate-change scenarios and ecological implications","docAbstract":"Changes in water temperatures caused by climate change in California’s Sacramento–San Joaquin Delta will affect the ecosystem through physiological rates of fishes and invertebrates. This study presents statistical models that can be used to forecast water temperature within the Delta as a response to atmospheric conditions. The daily average model performed well (R 2values greater than 0.93 during verification periods) for all stations within the Delta and San Francisco Bay provided there was at least 1 year of calibration data. To provide long-term projections of Delta water temperature, we forced the model with downscaled data from climate scenarios. Based on these projections, the ecological implications for the delta smelt, a key species, were assessed based on temperature thresholds. The model forecasts increases in the number of days above temperatures causing high mortality (especially along the Sacramento River) and a shift in thermal conditions for spawning to earlier in the year.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s12237-010-9369-z","issn":"15592723","usgsCitation":"Wagner, R., Stacey, M., Brown, L.R., and Dettinger, M., 2011, Statistical models of temperature in the Sacramento-San Joaquin delta under climate-change scenarios and ecological implications: Estuaries and Coasts, v. 34, no. 3, p. 544-556, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12237-010-9369-z.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"544","endPage":"556","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475211,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12237-010-9369-z","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":243578,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"34","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-02-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9705e4b08c986b31b834","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wagner, R.W.","contributorId":48784,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wagner","given":"R.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447273,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stacey, Mark T.","contributorId":94531,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stacey","given":"Mark T.","affiliations":[{"id":12776,"text":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":447274,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brown, Larry R. 0000-0001-6702-4531 lrbrown@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6702-4531","contributorId":1717,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"Larry","email":"lrbrown@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":447275,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dettinger, Michael D. 0000-0002-7509-7332 mddettin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7509-7332","contributorId":146383,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dettinger","given":"Michael D.","email":"mddettin@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447276,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70035844,"text":"70035844 - 2011 - Strong climate and tectonic control on plagioclase weathering in granitic terrain","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-09T18:07:02.693697","indexId":"70035844","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1427,"text":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Strong climate and tectonic control on plagioclase weathering in granitic terrain","docAbstract":"Investigations to understand linkages among climate, erosion and weathering are central to quantifying landscape evolution. We approach these linkages through synthesis of regolith data for granitic terrain compiled with respect to climate, geochemistry, and denudation rates for low sloping upland profiles. Focusing on Na as a proxy for plagioclase weathering, we quantified regolith Na depletion, Na mass loss, and the relative partitioning of denudation to physical and chemical contributions. The depth and magnitude of regolith Na depletion increased continuously with increasing water availability, except for locations with mean annual temperature < 5 °C that exhibited little Na depletion, and locations with physical erosion rates < 20 g m− 2 yr− 1 that exhibited deep and complete regolith Na depletion. Surface Na depletion also tended to decrease with increasing physical erosion. Depth-integrated Na mass loss and regolith depth were both three orders of magnitude greater in the fully depleted, low erosion rate sites relative to other locations. These locations exhibited strong erosion-limitation of Na chemical weathering rates based on correlation of Na chemical weathering rate to total Na denudation. Sodium weathering rates in cool locations with positive annual water balance were strongly correlated to total Na denudation and precipitation, and exhibited an average apparent activation energy (Ea) of 69 kJ mol− 1 Na. The remaining water-limited locations exhibited kinetic limitation of Na weathering rates with an Ea of 136 kJ mol− 1 Na, roughly equivalent to the sum of laboratory measures of Ea and dissolution reaction enthalpy for albite. Water availability is suggested as the dominant factor limiting rate kinetics in the water-limited systems. Together, these data demonstrate marked transitions and nonlinearity in how climate and tectonics correlate to plagioclase chemical weathering and Na mass loss.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.epsl.2010.11.037","issn":"0012821X","usgsCitation":"Rasmussen, C., Brantley, S., Richter, D., Blum, A.E., Dixon, J., and White, A.F., 2011, Strong climate and tectonic control on plagioclase weathering in granitic terrain: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 301, no. 3-4, p. 521-530, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2010.11.037.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"521","endPage":"530","costCenters":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":243895,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216054,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2010.11.037"}],"volume":"301","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9b82e4b08c986b31cf25","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rasmussen, C.","contributorId":66392,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rasmussen","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452709,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brantley, S.","contributorId":28451,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brantley","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452705,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Richter, D.D.B.","contributorId":50752,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richter","given":"D.D.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452707,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Blum, Alex E. aeblum@usgs.gov","contributorId":2845,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blum","given":"Alex","email":"aeblum@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":452708,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Dixon, J.","contributorId":98132,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dixon","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452710,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"White, Arthur F. afwhite@usgs.gov","contributorId":3718,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"Arthur","email":"afwhite@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":452706,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70035842,"text":"70035842 - 2011 - Biogeochemical processes on tree islands in the greater everglades: Initiating a new paradigm","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-09T18:37:53.490592","indexId":"70035842","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1345,"text":"Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Biogeochemical processes on tree islands in the greater everglades: Initiating a new paradigm","docAbstract":"Scientists’ understanding of the role of tree islands in the Everglades has evolved from a plant community of minor biogeochemical importance to a plant community recognized as the driving force for localized phosphorus accumulation within the landscape. Results from this review suggest that tree transpiration, nutrient infiltration from the soil surface, and groundwater flow create a soil zone of confluence where nutrients and salts accumulate under the head of a tree island during dry periods. Results also suggest accumulated salts and nutrients are flushed downstream by regional water flows during wet periods. That trees modulate their environment to create biogeochemical hot spots and strong nutrient gradients is a significant ecological paradigm shift in the understanding of the biogeochemical processes in the Everglades. In terms of island sustainability, this new paradigm suggests the need for distinct dry-wet cycles as well as a hydrologic regime that supports tree survival. Restoration of historic tree islands needs further investigation but the creation of functional tree islands is promising.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis Online","doi":"10.1080/10643389.2010.530908","issn":"10643389","usgsCitation":"Wetzel, P., Sklar, F.H., Coronado, C., Troxler, T., Krupa, S., Sullivan, P., Ewe, S., Price, R., Newman, S., and Orem, W.H., 2011, Biogeochemical processes on tree islands in the greater everglades: Initiating a new paradigm: Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology, v. 41, no. SUPPL. 1, p. 670-701, https://doi.org/10.1080/10643389.2010.530908.","productDescription":"32 p.","startPage":"670","endPage":"701","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":244368,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216494,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10643389.2010.530908"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Everglades","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -81.7657470703125,\n 26.05678288577881\n ],\n [\n -81.3812255859375,\n 25.745477067368604\n ],\n [\n -81.2109375,\n 25.44823489808649\n ],\n [\n -81.199951171875,\n 25.299337565234087\n ],\n [\n -81.15600585937499,\n 25.075648445630527\n ],\n [\n -80.7879638671875,\n 25.095548539604252\n ],\n [\n -80.408935546875,\n 25.23475847023373\n ],\n [\n -80.419921875,\n 25.64152637306577\n ],\n [\n -80.37597656249999,\n 26.046912801683984\n ],\n [\n -80.1507568359375,\n 26.322960198925365\n ],\n [\n -80.2001953125,\n 26.676913083105454\n ],\n [\n -80.4473876953125,\n 26.765230565697482\n ],\n [\n -80.57922363281249,\n 26.534479888888043\n ],\n [\n -81.0406494140625,\n 26.519735305660795\n ],\n [\n -81.0845947265625,\n 26.28356493253137\n ],\n [\n -81.5679931640625,\n 26.254009699865737\n ],\n [\n -81.7657470703125,\n 26.05678288577881\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"41","issue":"SUPPL. 1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f153e4b0c8380cd4abc5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wetzel, P.R.","contributorId":15861,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wetzel","given":"P.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452692,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sklar, Fred H.","contributorId":23327,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sklar","given":"Fred","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452694,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Coronado, C.A.","contributorId":51128,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coronado","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452696,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Troxler, T.G.","contributorId":98975,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Troxler","given":"T.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452699,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Krupa, S.L.","contributorId":17265,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krupa","given":"S.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452693,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Sullivan, P.L.","contributorId":105148,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sullivan","given":"P.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452700,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Ewe, S.","contributorId":23359,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ewe","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452695,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Price, R.M.","contributorId":98566,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Price","given":"R.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452698,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Newman, S.","contributorId":7678,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Newman","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452691,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Orem, William H. 0000-0003-4990-0539 borem@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4990-0539","contributorId":577,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Orem","given":"William","email":"borem@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":452697,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":70035840,"text":"70035840 - 2011 - Improving national-scale invasion maps: Tamarisk in the western United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-09T19:16:51.017242","indexId":"70035840","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3746,"text":"Western North American Naturalist","onlineIssn":"1944-8341","printIssn":"1527-0904","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Improving national-scale invasion maps: Tamarisk in the western United States","docAbstract":"New invasions, better field data, and novel spatial-modeling techniques often drive the need to revisit previous maps and models of invasive species. Such is the case with the at least 10 species of Tamarix, which are invading riparian systems in the western United States and expanding their range throughout North America. In 2006, we developed a National Tamarisk Map by using a compilation of presence and absence locations with remotely sensed data and statistical modeling techniques. Since the publication of that work, our database of Tamarix distributions has grown significantly.
Using the updated database of species occurrence, new predictor variables, and the maximum entropy (Maxent) model, we have revised our potential Tamarix distribution map for the western United States. Distance-to-water was the strongest predictor in the model (58.1%), while mean temperature of the warmest quarter was the second best predictor (18.4%). Model validation, averaged from 25 model iterations, indicated that our analysis had strong predictive performance (AUC = 0.93) and that the extent of Tamarix distributions is much greater than previously thought. The southwestern United States had the greatest suitable habitat, and this result differed from the 2006 model. Our work highlights the utility of iterative modeling for invasive species habitat modeling as new information becomes available.
","language":"English","publisher":"BioOne","doi":"10.3398/064.071.0204","issn":"15270904","usgsCitation":"Jarnevich, C.S., Evangelista, P., Stohlgren, T.J., and Morisette, J.T., 2011, Improving national-scale invasion maps: Tamarisk in the western United States: Western North American Naturalist, v. 71, no. 2, p. 164-175, https://doi.org/10.3398/064.071.0204.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"164","endPage":"175","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":487310,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/wnan/vol71/iss2/4","text":"External Repository"},{"id":244338,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216467,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3398/064.071.0204"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Western United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123.22265625000001,\n 38.13455657705411\n ],\n [\n -119.35546875000001,\n 33.7243396617476\n ],\n [\n -116.54296874999999,\n 32.69486597787505\n ],\n [\n -110.0390625,\n 31.80289258670676\n ],\n [\n -105.64453124999999,\n 31.50362930577303\n ],\n [\n -103.18359375,\n 29.22889003019423\n ],\n [\n -100.1953125,\n 30.29701788337205\n ],\n [\n -99.140625,\n 40.44694705960048\n ],\n [\n -100.37109375,\n 49.15296965617042\n ],\n [\n -122.87109375,\n 49.15296965617042\n ],\n [\n -125.68359374999999,\n 48.10743118848039\n ],\n [\n -123.92578125,\n 45.460130637921004\n ],\n [\n -125.33203125,\n 42.032974332441405\n ],\n [\n -123.22265625000001,\n 38.13455657705411\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"71","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3977e4b0c8380cd61922","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jarnevich, Catherine S. 0000-0002-9699-2336 jarnevichc@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9699-2336","contributorId":3424,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jarnevich","given":"Catherine","email":"jarnevichc@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":452687,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Evangelista, P.","contributorId":21903,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evangelista","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452686,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stohlgren, Thomas J. 0000-0001-9696-4450 stohlgrent@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9696-4450","contributorId":2902,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stohlgren","given":"Thomas","email":"stohlgrent@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":452685,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Morisette, Jeffrey T. 0000-0002-0483-0082 morisettej@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0483-0082","contributorId":307,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morisette","given":"Jeffrey","email":"morisettej@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":569,"text":"Southwest Climate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":477,"text":"North Central Climate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":452688,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70034730,"text":"70034730 - 2011 - Engineering a future for amphibians under climate change","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-05-12T00:07:35","indexId":"70034730","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2163,"text":"Journal of Applied Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Engineering a future for amphibians under climate change","docAbstract":"1. Altered global climates in the 21st century pose serious threats for biological systems and practical actions are needed to mount a response for species at risk.\n\n2. We identify management actions from across the world and from diverse disciplines that are applicable to minimizing loss of amphibian biodiversity under climate change. Actions were grouped under three thematic areas of intervention: (i) installation of microclimate and microhabitat refuges; (ii) enhancement and restoration of breeding sites; and (iii) manipulation of hydroperiod or water levels at breeding sites.\n\n3. Synthesis and applications. There are currently few meaningful management actions that will tangibly impact the pervasive threat of climate change on amphibians. A host of potentially useful but poorly tested actions could be incorporated into local or regional management plans, programmes and activities for amphibians. Examples include: installation of irrigation sprayers to manipulate water potentials at breeding sites; retention or supplementation of natural and artificial shelters (e.g. logs, cover boards) to reduce desiccation and thermal stress; manipulation of canopy cover over ponds to reduce water temperature; and, creation of hydrologoically diverse wetland habitats capable of supporting larval development under variable rainfall regimes. We encourage researchers and managers to design, test and scale up new initiatives to respond to this emerging crisis.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Applied Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2664.2010.01942.x","issn":"00218901","usgsCitation":"Shoo, L., Olson, D., Mcmenamin, S., Murray, K., Van Sluys, M., Donnelly, M., Stratford, D., Terhivuo, J., Merino-Viteri, A., Herbert, S., Bishop, P., Corn, P., Dovey, L., Griffiths, R., Lowe, K., Mahony, M., McCallum, H., Shuker, J., Simpkins, C., Skerratt, L., Williams, S., and Hero, J., 2011, Engineering a future for amphibians under climate change: Journal of Applied Ecology, v. 48, no. 2, p. 487-492, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2664.2010.01942.x.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"487","endPage":"492","costCenters":[{"id":527,"text":"Pacific Northwest Research Station","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":215726,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2664.2010.01942.x"},{"id":243548,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"48","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-02-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0954e4b0c8380cd51e92","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shoo, L.P.","contributorId":93295,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shoo","given":"L.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447263,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Olson, D.H.","contributorId":85349,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olson","given":"D.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447261,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mcmenamin, S.K.","contributorId":27699,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mcmenamin","given":"S.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447250,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Murray, K.A.","contributorId":94880,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murray","given":"K.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447264,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Van Sluys, M.","contributorId":61259,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Sluys","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447253,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Donnelly, M.A.","contributorId":78845,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Donnelly","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447258,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Stratford, D.","contributorId":89372,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stratford","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447262,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Terhivuo, J.","contributorId":7934,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Terhivuo","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447246,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Merino-Viteri, A.","contributorId":103892,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Merino-Viteri","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447267,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Herbert, S.M.","contributorId":16240,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herbert","given":"S.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447247,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Bishop, P.J.","contributorId":96501,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bishop","given":"P.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447265,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Corn, P.S.","contributorId":63751,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Corn","given":"P.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447254,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Dovey, L.","contributorId":59647,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dovey","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447252,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Griffiths, R.A.","contributorId":24193,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Griffiths","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447249,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Lowe, K.","contributorId":70587,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lowe","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447256,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Mahony, M.","contributorId":82553,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mahony","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447259,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"McCallum, H.","contributorId":70990,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCallum","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447257,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Shuker, J.D.","contributorId":23354,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shuker","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447248,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18},{"text":"Simpkins, C.","contributorId":70207,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simpkins","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447255,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":19},{"text":"Skerratt, L.F.","contributorId":85149,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Skerratt","given":"L.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447260,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":20},{"text":"Williams, S.E.","contributorId":44002,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"S.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447251,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":21},{"text":"Hero, J.-M.","contributorId":100999,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hero","given":"J.-M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447266,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":22}]}} ,{"id":70034726,"text":"70034726 - 2011 - Fundamental studies on kinetic isotope effect (KIE) of hydrogen isotope fractionation in natural gas systems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-14T11:39:27.797137","indexId":"70034726","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fundamental studies on kinetic isotope effect (KIE) of hydrogen isotope fractionation in natural gas systems","docAbstract":"Based on quantum chemistry calculations for normal octane homolytic cracking, a kinetic hydrogen isotope fractionation model for methane, ethane, and propane formation is proposed. The activation energy differences between D-substitute and non-substituted methane, ethane, and propane are 318.6, 281.7, and 280.2 cal/mol, respectively. In order to determine the effect of the entropy contribution for hydrogen isotopic substitution, a transition state for ethane bond rupture was determined based on density function theory (DFT) calculations. The kinetic isotope effect (KIE) associated with bond rupture in D and H substituted ethane results in a frequency factor ratio of 1.07. Based on the proposed mathematical model of hydrogen isotope fractionation, one can potentially quantify natural gas thermal maturity from measured hydrogen isotope values. Calculated gas maturity values determined by the proposed mathematical model using δD values in ethane from several basins in the world are in close agreement with similar predictions based on the δ13C composition of ethane. However, gas maturity values calculated from field data of methane and propane using both hydrogen and carbon kinetic isotopic models do not agree as closely. It is possible that δD values in methane may be affected by microbial mixing and that propane values might be more susceptible to hydrogen exchange with water or to analytical errors. Although the model used in this study is quite preliminary, the results demonstrate that kinetic isotope fractionation effects in hydrogen may be useful in quantitative models of natural gas generation, and that δD values in ethane might be more suitable for modeling than comparable values in methane and propane.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.gca.2011.02.016","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Ni, Y., Ma, Q., Ellis, G., Dai, J., Katz, B., Zhang, S., and Tang, Y., 2011, Fundamental studies on kinetic isotope effect (KIE) of hydrogen isotope fractionation in natural gas systems: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 75, no. 10, p. 2696-2707, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2011.02.016.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"2696","endPage":"2707","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":243451,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"75","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1419e4b0c8380cd548e7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ni, Y.","contributorId":49204,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ni","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447222,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ma, Q.","contributorId":78450,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ma","given":"Q.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447224,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ellis, G.S. 0000-0003-4519-3320","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4519-3320","contributorId":91064,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellis","given":"G.S.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":447225,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dai, J.","contributorId":21781,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dai","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447220,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Katz, Brian","contributorId":33484,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Katz","given":"Brian","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447221,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Zhang, S.","contributorId":51064,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhang","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447223,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Tang, Y.","contributorId":104199,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tang","given":"Y.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447226,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70035838,"text":"70035838 - 2011 - Quantification of a male sea lamprey pheromone in tributaries of Laurentian Great Lakes by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-12T13:05:58","indexId":"70035838","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Quantification of a male sea lamprey pheromone in tributaries of Laurentian Great Lakes by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry","docAbstract":"We developed an assay for measuring 7α,12α,24-trihydroxy-5a-cholan-3-one-24-sulfate (3kPZS), a mating pheromone released by male sea lampreys (Petromyzon marinus), at low picomolar concentrations in natural waters to assess the presence of invasive populations. 3kPZS was extracted from streamwater at a rate of recovery up to 90% using a single cation-exchange and reversed-phase mixed-mode cartridge, along with [2H5]3kPZS as an internal standard, and quantified using ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The limit of detection was below 0.1 ng L–1 (210 fM), which was the lowest concentration tested. Intra- and interday coefficients of variation were between 0.3–11.6% and 4.8–9.8%, respectively, at 1 ng 3kPZS L–1 and 5 ng 3kPZS L–1. This assay was validated by repeat measurements of water samples from a stream spiked with synthesized 3kPZS to reach 4.74 ng L–1 or 0.24 ng L–1. We further verified the utility of this assay to detect spawning populations of lampreys; in the seven tributaries to the Laurentian Great Lakes sampled, 3kPZS concentrations were found to range between 0.15 and 2.85 ng L–1 during the spawning season in known sea lamprey infested segments and were not detectable in uninfested segments. The 3kPZS assay may be useful for the integrated management of sea lamprey, an invasive species in the Great Lakes where pheromone-based control and assessment techniques are desired.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Science and Technology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"ACS Publications","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1021/es200416f","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Xi, X., Johnson, N., Brant, C., Yun, S., Chambers, K., Jones, A., and Li, W., 2011, Quantification of a male sea lamprey pheromone in tributaries of Laurentian Great Lakes by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 45, no. 15, p. 6437-6443, https://doi.org/10.1021/es200416f.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"6437","endPage":"6443","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":244307,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216437,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es200416f"}],"otherGeospatial":"Great Lakes","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -92.6,41.25 ], [ -92.6,49.0 ], [ -75.98,49.0 ], [ -75.98,41.25 ], [ -92.6,41.25 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"45","issue":"15","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-07-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a91a7e4b0c8380cd8039e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Xi, X.","contributorId":60469,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Xi","given":"X.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452674,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, N.S.","contributorId":73436,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"N.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452675,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brant, C.O.","contributorId":100219,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brant","given":"C.O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452679,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Yun, S.-S.","contributorId":94831,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yun","given":"S.-S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452678,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Chambers, K.L.","contributorId":84593,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chambers","given":"K.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452676,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Jones, A.D.","contributorId":42457,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"A.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452673,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Li, W.","contributorId":85361,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Li","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452677,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ]}