{"pageNumber":"74","pageRowStart":"1825","pageSize":"25","recordCount":2263,"records":[{"id":38686,"text":"pp798B - 1975 - Geology and geochemistry of the Copper Canyon porphyry copper deposit and surrounding area, Lander County, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-09-23T18:16:32.388359","indexId":"pp798B","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1975","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"798","chapter":"B","title":"Geology and geochemistry of the Copper Canyon porphyry copper deposit and surrounding area, Lander County, Nevada","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/pp798B","usgsCitation":"Theodore, T.G., and Blake, D.W., 1975, Geology and geochemistry of the Copper Canyon porphyry copper deposit and surrounding area, Lander County, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 798, Report: 85 p.; 2 Plates: 34.00 x 55.72 inches and 31.72 x 21.76 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/pp798B.","productDescription":"Report: 85 p.; 2 Plates: 34.00 x 55.72 inches and 31.72 x 21.76 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":65533,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0798b/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":65532,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0798b/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":122198,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0798b/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":495919,"rank":5,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_5052.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":65531,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0798b/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","county":"Lander County","otherGeospatial":"Copper Canyon porphyry copper deposit and surrounding area","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -117.1467,\n              40.5714\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.1467,\n              40.5225\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.1178,\n              40.5225\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.1178,\n              40.5714\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.1467,\n              40.5714\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adce4b07f02db6861e4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Theodore, T. G.","contributorId":38122,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Theodore","given":"T.","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":220285,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Blake, D. W.","contributorId":77976,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blake","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":220286,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":27214,"text":"wri7447 - 1975 - Problems related to water quality and algal control in Lopez Reservoir, San Luis Obispo County, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-08-08T00:24:26.372754","indexId":"wri7447","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1975","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"74-47","title":"Problems related to water quality and algal control in Lopez Reservoir, San Luis Obispo County, California","docAbstract":"<p><span>Lopez Reservoir is a multipurpose impoundment that was filled during a </span><span>30-week period following a series of intense storms during the winter 1968-69. </span><span>The reservoir is used for flood control, water supply, and recreation, </span><span>including swimming, fishing, and boating. At full pool Lopez Reservoir has </span><span>a surface area of 974 acres (394 square hectometres), a maximum depth of </span><span>145 feet (44.2 metres), and a shoreline of 22 miles (35.4 kilometres). </span></p><p><span>Nuisance algal blooms have been a frequent occurrence in the reservoir since the first summer after filling (1969). The dominant bloom species was the blue-green alga Anabaena unispora. Cospecies were the diatoms <i>Stephanodiscus astraea</i> and <i>Cyclotella operculata</i> and the green algae <i>Pediastrum duplex</i> and <i>Sphaerocystis schroeteri</i>. During a bloom of <i>A. unispora</i> in May 1972, the total cell count at the lake surface was almost 100,000 cells per millilitre of water.</span></p><p><span>Lopez Reservoir is thermally stratified from April until November. Dissolved-oxygen stratification closely parallels the thermal stratification. Anoxic conditions begin to develop in mid-May, and by early July all water below a depth of 40 feet (12 metres) is oxygen deficient.</span></p><p><span>The application of copper sulfate (CuSO<sub>4</sub>) to reduce algal production has met with little success. Possible application rates and methods of determining application rates based upon water chemistry are presented.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri7447","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the San Luis Obispo County Flood Control and Water Conservation District","usgsCitation":"Fuller, R.H., Averett, R.C., and Hines, W.G., 1975, Problems related to water quality and algal control in Lopez Reservoir, San Luis Obispo County, California: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 74-47, v, 46 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri7447.","productDescription":"v, 46 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":158988,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1974/0047/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":377246,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1974/0047/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"San Luis Obispo County","otherGeospatial":"Lopez Reservoir","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -120.7404327392578,\n              35.058104573869024\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.31333923339844,\n              35.058104573869024\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.31333923339844,\n              35.32016766531318\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.7404327392578,\n              35.32016766531318\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.7404327392578,\n              35.058104573869024\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9ee4b07f02db660a8c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fuller, Richard H.","contributorId":66236,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fuller","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197745,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Averett, Robert C.","contributorId":27500,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Averett","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197744,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hines, Walter G.","contributorId":100360,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hines","given":"Walter","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197746,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":14218,"text":"ofr7585 - 1975 - Preliminary report on the distribution of copper and platinum group metals in mafic igneous rocks of the Sierra Madre, Wyoming","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:51","indexId":"ofr7585","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1975","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"75-85","title":"Preliminary report on the distribution of copper and platinum group metals in mafic igneous rocks of the Sierra Madre, Wyoming","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey],","doi":"10.3133/ofr7585","usgsCitation":"Houston, R.S., Schuster, J.E., and Ebbett, B.E., 1975, Preliminary report on the distribution of copper and platinum group metals in mafic igneous rocks of the Sierra Madre, Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 75-85, 129 leaves, 3 sheets, :ill., folded maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr7585.","productDescription":"129 leaves, 3 sheets, :ill., folded maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":95209,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1975/0085/plate-1.pdf","size":"1225","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":95210,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1975/0085/plate-2.pdf","size":"7305","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":95211,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1975/0085/plate-3.pdf","size":"6772","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":95212,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1975/0085/plate-4.pdf","size":"4076","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":147365,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1975/0085/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":42902,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1975/0085/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aafe4b07f02db66c988","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Houston, Robert Stroud","contributorId":73195,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Houston","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"Stroud","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":169101,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schuster, J. Eric","contributorId":8118,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schuster","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Eric","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":169099,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ebbett, Ballard E.","contributorId":18383,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ebbett","given":"Ballard","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":169100,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":13643,"text":"ofr7534 - 1975 - Titanium minerals in deposits of other minerals","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-08-05T13:46:02.574702","indexId":"ofr7534","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1975","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"75-34","title":"Titanium minerals in deposits of other minerals","docAbstract":"<p>Titanium minerals in amounts equivalent to a significant portion of present world production are moved but not recovered from mines of other commodities. Resources of this type total in the millions of tons of contained TiO<sub>2</sub>. Among the possible sources for byproduct titanium are (1) ilnenite and minor rutile detrital concentrations in deposits of tin, monazite, phosphate, gold, platinum, uranium, and sand andgravel; (2) leucoxenitized ilmenite and, locally, rutile in some 13 bauxites; (3) rutilo in porphyry copper and related deposits; (14) 14 rutile in kyanite deposits; and (5) perovskite and other titanium minerals in deposits of niobium, apatite, and nepheline in nepheline syenites.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr7534","usgsCitation":"Force, E.R., 1975, Titanium minerals in deposits of other minerals: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 75-34, i, 16 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr7534.","productDescription":"i, 16 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":493539,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1975/0034/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":147275,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1975/0034/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db699a3a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Force, Eric R.","contributorId":32916,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Force","given":"Eric","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":168162,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":13533,"text":"ofr75263 - 1975 - Metallogenic provinces of the southeastern Pacific region","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-06-03T17:41:11.868663","indexId":"ofr75263","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1975","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"75-263","title":"Metallogenic provinces of the southeastern Pacific region","docAbstract":"<p>Metalliferous mineral deposits of the southeastern Pacific region include: (1) hydrothermal, magmatic, and sedimentary deposits of the Andean region, one of the great mineral belts of the world; 2) Scattered hydrothermal mineral occurrences in the Antarctic Peninsula; and 3) metal-enriched pelagic sediments, ferromanganese nodules, and volcanic rocks(?) in the southeast Pacific basin. Andean metalliferous deposits, the chief concern of this report, are for the most part spatially and genetically related to calc-alkaline plutons, sub-volcanic intrusions, and volcanic rocks emplaced during the Andean orogeny of Late Triassic to Quaternary age. These deposits are components of a single metallogenic province superimposed on two or more pre-Andean metallogenic provinces that are indicated by scattered deposits of Paleozoic and Precambrian(?) age. Occurrences in the Antarctic Peninsula are of age and origin similar to the deposits in the Andes and are considered to belong to the Andean province.</p><p>The Andean metallogenic province may be divided into several subprovinces, each parallel to the Andes and the continental margin and each having a dominant metal or suite of metals. The central Andes of Peru, northern Chile, and Bolivia, which contain the greatest concentration of exploitable deposits and the greatest variety of ore types, have as many as five linear partly overlapping subprovinces. These sub-provinces, from west to east (Pacific coast to the eastern Andean front), are characterized, respectively, by deposits of : 1) iron; 2) copper, with or without associated gold; 3) polymetallic base metals (zinc, lead, copper), generally containing silver; 4) tin; and 5) gold. Iron deposits chiefly are near the coast in central to northern Chile and in southern Peru. The copper and polymetallic provinces are characterized by abundant deposits in the central Andean region but comparatively few scattered deposits in the north (Ecuador, Colombia, and Venezuela) and in southern Chile and Argentina. Scattered gold-rich veins and placers occur along the western Andean front and coastal region, the general area of the copper province, from central Chile to northern Colombia. Similar deposits occur along a discontinuous belt in the eastern Andes from Bolivia to Ecuador and in the central Andes of Colombia. Tin deposits are almost wholly restricted to the eastern Andes of Bolivia.</p><p>The position and age distribution of plutonic and volcanic rocks and associated metalliferous deposits of the Andes indicate presence of an active subduction zone in this region since at least Late Triassic time. Magmas of the calc-alkaline igneous rocks are believed to have formed chiefly by partial melting of mantle, oceanic sediments, and oceanic crust along the Benioff zone at depths of 100 to 200 km. Plutonic and volcanic rocks show a general though nonuniform progression of decreasing age from west to east. Rocks of Jurassic and Cretaceous age are most abundant near the coast, whereas those of Tertiary and Quaternary age dominate in the Andes. Locally, intrusive rocks and ore deposits of widely different ages are juxtaposed. Metals of the ore deposits associated with the calc-alkaline rocks were supplied by the source rocks in the Benioff zone, some of which probably had been previously enriched in certain metals at the ancestral East Pacific Rise and were mobilized or assimilated from metal-rich zones in the overlying mantle and continental crust by magmas rising from the Benioff zone.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr75263","usgsCitation":"Ericksen, G.E., 1975, Metallogenic provinces of the southeastern Pacific region: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 75-263, 52 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr75263.","productDescription":"52 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":429477,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1975/0263/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":145452,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1975/0263/report-thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"southeastern Pacific region","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -81.56096459455483,\n              16.30575727916235\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.56096459455483,\n              -56.01329569904763\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.2348972705509,\n              -56.01329569904763\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.2348972705509,\n              16.30575727916235\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.56096459455483,\n              16.30575727916235\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4fe4b07f02db628710","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ericksen, George Edward","contributorId":38537,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ericksen","given":"George","email":"","middleInitial":"Edward","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":167958,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":3533,"text":"cir707 - 1975 - Anomalous concentrations of several metals in iron-formation of the Blue Lead Mountain area, Pennington County, South Dakota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:34","indexId":"cir707","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1975","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"707","title":"Anomalous concentrations of several metals in iron-formation of the Blue Lead Mountain area, Pennington County, South Dakota","docAbstract":"Geochemical sampling of bedrock has revealed anomalous copper, silver, molybdenum, gold, arsenic, mercury, zinc, and cobalt in meta-iron-formation in the Blue Lead Mountain area 5 miles (8 kilometres) north-northwest of Keystone, S. Dak. The anomalies are in complexly folded and faulted iron-formation. Metal content decreases sharply in the surrounding rocks. The extent and intensity of the anomalous areas, despite evidence that previous mining had little success, are sufficient to make this area an interesting target for exploration.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/cir707","usgsCitation":"Raymond, W.H., King, R.U., and Norton, J.J., 1975, Anomalous concentrations of several metals in iron-formation of the Blue Lead Mountain area, Pennington County, South Dakota: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 707, iii, 14 p. :maps ;26 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir707.","productDescription":"iii, 14 p. :maps ;26 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":138945,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1975/0707/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":30548,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1975/0707/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac7e4b07f02db67b65d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Raymond, William H.","contributorId":48555,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Raymond","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":147111,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"King, Robert Ugstad","contributorId":45696,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"King","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"Ugstad","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":147110,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Norton, James Jennings","contributorId":59412,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Norton","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"Jennings","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":147112,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":6419,"text":"pp907A - 1975 - Grade and Tonnage Relationships Among Copper Deposits","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:54","indexId":"pp907A","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1975","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"907","chapter":"A","title":"Grade and Tonnage Relationships Among Copper Deposits","docAbstract":"Three types of copper deposits-porphyry, strata-bound, and massive sulfide-are described, and the distributions of tonnages and grades for 267 deposits are compared with normal and lognormal frequency distributions. The relationships between grades and tonnages are analyzed by examining the correlation coefficients of these variables. Conclusions reached include the following: (1) Geologic factors influencing tonnage of a particular deposit type are probably distinct from those influencing grade; (2) frequency distributions of tonnages and grades approximate lognormality, making it possible to predict probability of various tonnage-grade classes and to test correlation between variables; (3) no significant correlation was found between tonnage and grade for porphyry or strata-bound deposits; ( 4) significant negative correlation between tonnage and grade was found for the massive sulfide subset, probably reflecting a mixture of high-grade low-tonnage massive ores, low-grade high-tonnage stockwork, and disseminated ores characteristic of some massive sulfide deposits; (5) significant negative correlation was found between tonnage and grade for the mixture of deposit types in the whole sample.\r\n\r\nExtrapolation on the basis of the negative grade-tonnage correlation shown for the mixed population seems to imply the occurrence of large-tonnage very low grade deposits, which could be important in supplying future copper needs. This extrapolation is misleading, however, for both statistical and geological reasons. Furthermore, large-tonnage very low grade deposits in the porphyry class of the population are found to be very rare occurrences.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/pp907A","usgsCitation":"Singer, D., Cox, D.P., and Drew, L.J., 1975, Grade and Tonnage Relationships Among Copper Deposits: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 907, viii, 11 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp907A.","productDescription":"viii, 11 p.","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":118184,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0907a/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":33821,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0907a/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48cee4b07f02db5455a3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Singer, D.A.","contributorId":69128,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Singer","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":152690,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cox, Dennis P. dcox@usgs.gov","contributorId":2766,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cox","given":"Dennis","email":"dcox@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":152689,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Drew, Lawrence J. ldrew@usgs.gov","contributorId":2635,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drew","given":"Lawrence","email":"ldrew@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":152688,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":44040,"text":"ofr75153 - 1975 - Thickness of overburden map, Annandale Quadrangle, Virginia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:10:30","indexId":"ofr75153","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1975","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"75-153","title":"Thickness of overburden map, Annandale Quadrangle, Virginia","docAbstract":"Volcanic and sedimentary rocks of late Precambrian age include four formations of volcanic rocks (three newly recognized) and four formations of sedimentary rocks, with a total apparent thickness of more than 60,000 feet.\r\n\r\nThe Siemens Creek Formation, composed of: thin basalt flows, and the overlying Kallander Creek Formation, composed predominantly of intermediate flows, are both of Lower Keweenawan age. They were folded before the Portage Lake Lava Volcanics of: middle Keweenawan age were deposited on them. An unnamed Formation of volcanic rocks conformably overlies the Portage Lake Volcanics and is overlain by reddish sandstones and conglomerates of the Copper Harbor Conglomerate. The Copper Harbor Conglomerate is conformably overlain by the dark gray siltstones and fine sandstones of the Nonesuch Formation of Upper Keweenawan age. These are overlain by the reddish, cross-bedded sandstones of the Freda Formation. Folding occurred after the Freda was deposited. Significant copper mineralization occurs near the base of the Nonesuch Formation.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr75153","issn":"ma","usgsCitation":"Froelich, A., 1975, Thickness of overburden map, Annandale Quadrangle, Virginia: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 75-153, 2 maps +4 p. of text pasted on 1 sheet., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr75153.","productDescription":"2 maps +4 p. of text pasted on 1 sheet.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":173365,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1975/0153/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":81455,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1975/0153/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":81456,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1975/0153/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"24000","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a55e4b07f02db62cc31","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Froelich, A.J.","contributorId":13593,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Froelich","given":"A.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":229041,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":97830,"text":"pp907B - 1975 - Geochemical Exploration Techniques Applicable in the Search for Copper Deposits","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:31","indexId":"pp907B","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1975","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"907","chapter":"B","title":"Geochemical Exploration Techniques Applicable in the Search for Copper Deposits","docAbstract":"Geochemical exploration is an important part of copper-resource evaluation. A large number of geochemical exploration techniques, both proved and untried, are available to the geochemist to use in the search for new copper deposits.\r\n\r\nAnalyses of whole-rock samples have been used in both regional and local geochemical exploration surveys in the search for copper. Analyses of mineral separates, such as biotite, magnetite, and sulfides, have also been used.\r\n\r\nAnalyses of soil samples are widely used in geochemical exploration, especially for localized surveys. It is important to distinguish between residual and transported soil types. Orientation studies should always be conducted prior to a geochemical investigation in a given area in order to determine the best soil horizon and the best size of soil material for sampling in that area. Silty frost boils, caliche, and desert varnish are specialized types of soil samples that might be useful sampling media.\r\n\r\nSoil gas is a new and potentially valuable geochemical sampling medium, especially in exploring for buried mineral deposits in arid regions. Gaseous products in samples of soil may be related to base-metal deposits and include mercury vapor, sulfur dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, carbon oxysulfide, carbon dioxide, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, the noble gases, the halogens, and many hydrocarbon compounds.\r\n\r\nTransported materials that have been used in geochemical sampling programs include glacial float boulders, glacial till, esker gravels, stream sediments, stream-sediment concentrates, and lake sediments. Stream-sediment sampling is probably the most widely used and most successful geochemical exploration technique.\r\n\r\nHydrogeochemical exploration programs have utilized hot- and cold-spring waters and their precipitates as well as waters from lakes, streams, and wells. Organic gel found in lakes and at stream mouths is an unproved sampling medium. Suspended material and dissolved gases in any type of water may also be useful media. Samples of ice and snow have been used for limited geochemical surveys.\r\n\r\nBoth geobotanical and biogeochemical surveys have been successful in locating copper deposits in many parts of the world. Micro-organisms, including bacteria and algae, are other unproved media that should be studied.\r\n\r\nAnimals can be used in geochemical-prospecting programs. Dogs have been used quite successfully to sniff out hidden and exposed sulfide minerals. Tennite mounds are commonly composed of subsurface material, but have not as yet proved to be useful in locating buried mineral deposits. Animal tissue and waste products are essentially unproved but potentially valuable sampling media. Knowledge of the location of areas where trace-element-associated diseases in animals and man are endemic as well as a better understanding of these diseases, may aid in identifying regions that are enriched in or depleted of various elements, including copper.\r\n\r\nResults of analyses of gases in the atmosphere are proving valuable in mineral-exploration surveys. Studies involving metallic compounds exhaled by plants into the atmosphere, and of particulate matter suspended in the atmosphere are reviewed these methods may become important in the future.\r\n\r\nRemote-sensing techniques are useful for making indirect measurements of geochemical responses. Two techniques applicable to geochemical exploration are neutron-activation analysis and gamma-ray spectrometry. Aerial photography is especially useful in vegetation surveys. Radar imagery is an unproved but potentially valuable method for use in studies of vegetation in perpetually clouded regions.\r\n\r\nWith the advent of modern computers, many new techniques, such as correlation analysis, regression analysis, discriminant analysis, factor analysis, cluster analysis, trend-surface analysis, and moving-average analysis can be applied to geochemical data sets. Selective use of these techniques can provide new insights into the interpretatio","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/pp907B","usgsCitation":"Chaffee, M.A., 1975, Geochemical Exploration Techniques Applicable in the Search for Copper Deposits: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 907, iv, 26 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp907B.","productDescription":"iv, 26 p.","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":121972,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0907a/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":91374,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0907a/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6ae825","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chaffee, Maurice A. mchaffee@usgs.gov","contributorId":4047,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chaffee","given":"Maurice","email":"mchaffee@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303284,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70232766,"text":"70232766 - 1975 - Stratigraphy, conodont dating, and paleotectonic interpretation of the type Milligen Formation (Devonian), Wood River area, Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-12T15:20:01.706831","indexId":"70232766","displayToPublicDate":"1975-11-01T10:10:55","publicationYear":"1975","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2446,"text":"Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Stratigraphy, conodont dating, and paleotectonic interpretation of the type Milligen Formation (Devonian), Wood River area, Idaho","docAbstract":"<p>The Milligen Formation at and near its type locality in the Wood River area is considerably older than and unrelated to rocks of Early Mississippian age called Milligen Formation in the Lost River Range and other ranges of east-central Idaho. Conodont faunas were found in limestones of a thin upper member of the sparsely fossiliferous marine Milligen Formation in its principal reference section at Milligen Gulch, at Fisher Canyon, and near Bellevue, Idaho. The faunas include indigenous conodonts here assigned to the early Late Devonian (early Frasnian) Lower and Middle <i>Polygnathus asymmetricus</i> Zones, and reworked conodonts derived from several Middle and Early Devonian conodont zones. An underlying much thicker argillite member of the Milligen contains fewer limestones, but a thin encrinite interbed near the middle of the member yielded early Middle Devonian (Eifelian) conodonts. This lower member probably represents most of Middle and Early Devonian time. Although its base is nowhere exposed in the Wood River area, the Milligen is inferred to have been deposited on the Silurian Trail Creek Formation, which crops out just to the east in the Pioneer Mountains. The age of the Milligen is therefore wholly Devonian and the highest fossiliferous beds are no younger than early Late Devonian. Reworked Middle and Early Devonian conodonts in limestone turbidites of the upper member of the Milligen Formation are identical to conodonts found in shelf (miogeosynclinal) carbonate rocks farther east. A postulated eastern source for the turbidites is supported by new data on the distribution, thickness, and tectonic facies of Devonian rocks that suggest the presence of a Late Devonian ridge on the continental shelf east of the Milligen depositional area. The Milligen Formation was intensely folded and was emergent during most of the Mississippian time when it formed part of the Antler Highlands, which shed flysch sediments eastward into the Copper basin. The Wood River Formation of Pennsylvanian and Permian age was then deposited over a subdued topography on the Milligen Formation. The Hailey Conglomerate Member at the base of the Wood River filled many irregularities in the surface. This depositional contact later was largely destroyed and the contact between the Milligen and Wood River is now a regional thrust fault at most places.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Sandberg, C., Hall, W.E., Batchelder, J.N., and Axelsen, C., 1975, Stratigraphy, conodont dating, and paleotectonic interpretation of the type Milligen Formation (Devonian), Wood River area, Idaho: Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey, v. 3, no. 6, p. 707-720.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"707","endPage":"720","costCenters":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":403500,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":403499,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/journal/1975/vol3issue6/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","otherGeospatial":"Wood River area","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -114.41162109375,\n              43.38608793041562\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.94882202148438,\n              43.38608793041562\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.94882202148438,\n              43.71057158566884\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.41162109375,\n              43.71057158566884\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.41162109375,\n              43.38608793041562\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"3","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sandberg, Charles sandberg@usgs.gov","contributorId":199124,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sandberg","given":"Charles","email":"sandberg@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":846387,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hall, Wayne E.","contributorId":89955,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hall","given":"Wayne","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":846388,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Batchelder, John N.","contributorId":103729,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Batchelder","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":846389,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Axelsen, Claus","contributorId":293001,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Axelsen","given":"Claus","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":846390,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70232757,"text":"70232757 - 1975 - Structure and Paleozoic stratigraphy of a complex of thrust plates in the Fish Creek Reservoir area, south-central Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-12T14:59:08.409781","indexId":"70232757","displayToPublicDate":"1975-11-01T09:43:36","publicationYear":"1975","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2446,"text":"Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Structure and Paleozoic stratigraphy of a complex of thrust plates in the Fish Creek Reservoir area, south-central Idaho","docAbstract":"<p>Permian, Pennsylvanian, Mississippian, Devonian, and Silurian marine rocks of diverse facies are brought together in a complex of six thrust sheets in the Fish Creek Reservoir area on the north edge of the Snake River Plain, Idaho. The lowest structural element, the parautochthon, is made of more than 450 m (1,500 ft) of folded and faulted Devonian miogeosynclinal carbonate rocks present in a 6.5-km<sup>2</sup> (2.5-mi<sup>2</sup> ) window. Along the east margin of the window, a sliver of continental margin transitional carbonate rocks of Early Devonian and Late Silurian age assigned to the Roberts Mountains Formation is thrust over the miogeosynclinal rocks. The window of middle Paleozoic rocks is overridden along the Fish Creek thrust fault by the flysch facies of the Copper Basin Formation, a turbidite-submarine-fan sequence more than 1,000 m (3,300 ft) thick, of Mississippian age. About 4.8 km (3 mi) southwest of the window, about 100 m (300 ft) of deepwater siliceous oceanic facies clastic rocks are exposed, which are assigned with question to the Milligen(?) Formation of Devonian age. These clastic rocks are interpreted to be thrust over the Copper Basin Formation. The highest structural elements are sequences more than 610 m (2,000 ft) thick of interbedded sandy and conglomeratic limestones, quartzites, and conglomerates and interbedded siltstones and argillites of the Wood River Formation of Middle Pennsylvanian to Early Permian age. The Wood River Formation is in thrust contact with the Milligen(?) Formation in the southwest part of the mapped area and with Copper Basin Formation along the west side of Fish Creek Reservoir. All the thrust sheets have moved eastward. The minimum distance moved is estimated from sedimentation models and facies reconstructions to range from perhaps several kilometres for the allochthon of the Roberts Mountains Formation to 48 km (30 mi) for the Milligen(?) Formation allochthon. The principal period of thrusting was post-Early Permian (post-Wood River Formation) and preEocene (pre-Challis Volcanics) and is of probable Sevier age. Middle Paleozoic rocks of the Milligen and Roberts Mountains Formations, however, also may have been involved in an earlier period of thrusting of latest Devonian to earliest Mississippian age related to the Antler orogeny. The thrust sheets were deformed into a northwest-trending dome in late Mesozoic time and were broken by basin-range faults during the Tertiary. </p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Skipp, B.A., and Hall, W.E., 1975, Structure and Paleozoic stratigraphy of a complex of thrust plates in the Fish Creek Reservoir area, south-central Idaho: Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey, v. 3, no. 6, p. 671-689.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"671","endPage":"689","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":403496,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":403494,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/journal/1975/vol3issue6/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","otherGeospatial":"Fish Creek Reservoir area","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -114.46105957031249,\n              43.100982876188546\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.6700439453125,\n              43.100982876188546\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.6700439453125,\n              43.67979094030124\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.46105957031249,\n              43.67979094030124\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.46105957031249,\n              43.100982876188546\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"3","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Skipp, Betty A. bskipp@usgs.gov","contributorId":1778,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Skipp","given":"Betty","email":"bskipp@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":846383,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hall, Wayne E.","contributorId":89955,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hall","given":"Wayne","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":846384,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70231227,"text":"70231227 - 1975 - Evaluation of LANDSAT-2 (ERTS) images applied to geologic structures and mineral resources of South America: Type II progress report for period March 14, 1975-June 30, 1975","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-05-03T16:32:52.624695","indexId":"70231227","displayToPublicDate":"1975-07-01T11:22:56","publicationYear":"1975","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"title":"Evaluation of LANDSAT-2 (ERTS) images applied to geologic structures and mineral resources of South America: Type II progress report for period March 14, 1975-June 30, 1975","docAbstract":"<p>The author has identified the following significant results. Work with the Image 100 clearly demonstrates that radiance values of LANDSAT data can be used for correlation of geologic formations across international boundaries. The Totora Formation of the Corocoro Group of Tertiary age was traced from known outcrops near Tiahuanaco, Bolivia, along the south side of Lake Titicaca westward into Peru where the same rocks are considered to be Cretaceous in age. This inconsistency suggests: (1) that a review of this formation is needed by joint geological surveys of both countries to determine similarities, differences, and the true age; (2) that recognition of the extension of the copper-bearing Totora Formation of Bolivia into Peru may provide Peru with a new target for exploration. Equal radiance maps made by use of the Image 100 system show as many as eight different units within salar deposits (salt flats) of the Bolivian Altiplano. Standard film processed images show them as nearly uniform areas of white because of lack of dynamic range in film products. The Image 100 system, therefore, appears to be of great assistance in subdividing the salt flats on the basis of moisture distribution, surface roughness, and distribution of windblown materials. Field work is needed to determine these relationships to mineral composition and distribution. Images representing seasonal changes should also improve the accuracy of such maps. Radiance values of alteration zones related to the occurrence of porphyry copper ores were measured at the San Juan del Abra deposit of northern Chile using the Image 100 system. The extent to which these same values may be used to detect similar alteration zones in other areas has not yet been tested.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","usgsCitation":"Carter, W.D., 1975, Evaluation of LANDSAT-2 (ERTS) images applied to geologic structures and mineral resources of South America: Type II progress report for period March 14, 1975-June 30, 1975, 45 p.","productDescription":"45 p.","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":400070,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":400067,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/19760013509/downloads/19760013509.pdf","size":"4,439 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"Bolivia, Chile, Peru","otherGeospatial":"Bolivian Altiplano, Lake Titicaca","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"MultiPolygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[[-68.63401,-52.63637],[-68.63335,-54.8695],[-67.56244,-54.87001],[-66.95992,-54.89681],[-67.29103,-55.30124],[-68.14863,-55.61183],[-68.63999,-55.58002],[-69.2321,-55.49906],[-69.95809,-55.19843],[-71.00568,-55.05383],[-72.2639,-54.49514],[-73.2852,-53.95752],[-74.66253,-52.83749],[-73.8381,-53.04743],[-72.43418,-53.7154],[-71.10773,-54.07433],[-70.59178,-53.61583],[-70.26748,-52.93123],[-69.34565,-52.5183],[-68.63401,-52.63637]]],[[[-67.10667,-22.73592],[-66.98523,-22.98635],[-67.32844,-24.0253],[-68.41765,-24.51855],[-68.386,-26.18502],[-68.5948,-26.50691],[-68.29554,-26.89934],[-69.00123,-27.52121],[-69.65613,-28.45914],[-70.01355,-29.36792],[-69.91901,-30.33634],[-70.53507,-31.36501],[-70.0744,-33.09121],[-69.81478,-33.27389],[-69.81731,-34.19357],[-70.38805,-35.16969],[-70.36477,-36.00509],[-71.12188,-36.65812],[-71.11863,-37.57683],[-70.81466,-38.553],[-71.41352,-38.91602],[-71.68076,-39.80816],[-71.91573,-40.83234],[-71.7468,-42.05139],[-72.1489,-42.25489],[-71.91542,-43.40856],[-71.46406,-43.78761],[-71.79362,-44.20717],[-71.3298,-44.40752],[-71.22278,-44.78424],[-71.65932,-44.97369],[-71.55201,-45.56073],[-71.91726,-46.88484],[-72.44736,-47.73853],[-72.33116,-48.24424],[-72.64825,-48.87862],[-73.41544,-49.31844],[-73.32805,-50.37879],[-72.97575,-50.74145],[-72.30997,-50.67701],[-72.3294,-51.42596],[-71.9148,-52.00902],[-69.49836,-52.14276],[-68.57155,-52.29944],[-69.46128,-52.29195],[-69.94278,-52.53793],[-70.8451,-52.8992],[-71.00633,-53.83325],[-71.42979,-53.85645],[-72.55794,-53.53141],[-73.70276,-52.83507],[-74.94676,-52.26275],[-75.26003,-51.62935],[-74.97663,-51.0434],[-75.47975,-50.37837],[-75.60802,-48.67377],[-75.18277,-47.71192],[-74.12658,-46.93925],[-75.6444,-46.64764],[-74.69215,-45.76398],[-74.35171,-44.10304],[-73.24036,-44.45496],[-72.7178,-42.38336],[-73.3889,-42.11753],[-73.70134,-43.36578],[-74.33194,-43.22496],[-74.01796,-41.79481],[-73.6771,-39.94221],[-73.21759,-39.25869],[-73.50556,-38.28288],[-73.58806,-37.15628],[-73.16672,-37.12378],[-72.55314,-35.50884],[-71.86173,-33.90909],[-71.43845,-32.4189],[-71.66872,-30.92064],[-71.37008,-30.09568],[-71.48989,-28.86144],[-70.90512,-27.64038],[-70.72495,-25.70592],[-70.40397,-23.629],[-70.09125,-21.39332],[-70.16442,-19.75647],[-70.37257,-18.34798],[-71.37525,-17.7738],[-71.46204,-17.36349],[-73.44453,-16.35936],[-75.23788,-15.26568],[-76.00921,-14.64929],[-76.42347,-13.82319],[-76.25924,-13.53504],[-77.10619,-12.22272],[-78.09215,-10.37771],[-79.03695,-8.38657],[-79.44592,-7.93083],[-79.76058,-7.19434],[-80.53748,-6.54167],[-81.25,-6.13683],[-80.92635,-5.69056],[-81.41094,-4.73676],[-81.09967,-4.03639],[-80.30256,-3.40486],[-80.18401,-3.82116],[-80.46929,-4.05929],[-80.44224,-4.42572],[-80.02891,-4.34609],[-79.62498,-4.4542],[-79.20529,-4.95913],[-78.6399,-4.54778],[-78.45068,-3.8731],[-77.8379,-3.00302],[-76.63539,-2.60868],[-75.545,-1.56161],[-75.23372,-0.91142],[-75.37322,-0.15203],[-75.10662,-0.05721],[-74.4416,-0.53082],[-74.1224,-1.00283],[-73.6595,-1.26049],[-73.07039,-2.30895],[-72.32579,-2.43422],[-71.77476,-2.16979],[-71.41365,-2.3428],[-70.81348,-2.25686],[-70.04771,-2.72516],[-70.69268,-3.74287],[-70.39404,-3.76659],[-69.89364,-4.29819],[-70.79477,-4.25126],[-70.92884,-4.40159],[-71.74841,-4.59398],[-72.89193,-5.27456],[-72.96451,-5.74125],[-73.21971,-6.08919],[-73.12003,-6.62993],[-73.72449,-6.9186],[-73.7234,-7.341],[-73.98724,-7.52383],[-73.57106,-8.42445],[-73.01538,-9.03283],[-73.22671,-9.46221],[-72.56303,-9.52019],[-72.18489,-10.0536],[-71.30241,-10.07944],[-70.48189,-9.49012],[-70.54869,-11.00915],[-70.09375,-11.12397],[-69.52968,-10.95173],[-68.78616,-11.03638],[-68.27125,-11.01452],[-68.04819,-10.71206],[-67.1738,-10.30681],[-66.64691,-9.93133],[-65.33844,-9.76199],[-65.44484,-10.51145],[-65.3219,-10.89587],[-65.40228,-11.56627],[-64.31635,-12.46198],[-63.1965,-12.62703],[-62.80306,-13.00065],[-62.12708,-13.19878],[-61.7132,-13.4892],[-61.08412,-13.47938],[-60.5033,-13.77595],[-60.4592,-14.35401],[-60.26433,-14.64598],[-60.25115,-15.07722],[-60.54297,-15.09391],[-60.15839,-16.25828],[-58.24122,-16.29957],[-58.38806,-16.87711],[-58.2808,-17.27171],[-57.73456,-17.55247],[-57.49837,-18.17419],[-57.67601,-18.96184],[-57.95,-19.4],[-57.8538,-19.97],[-58.16639,-20.1767],[-58.18347,-19.8684],[-59.11504,-19.35691],[-60.04356,-19.34275],[-61.78633,-19.63374],[-62.26596,-20.51373],[-62.29118,-21.05163],[-62.68506,-22.24903],[-62.84647,-22.03499],[-63.98684,-21.99364],[-64.37702,-22.79809],[-64.96489,-22.07586],[-66.27334,-21.83231],[-67.10667,-22.73592]]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Chile\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carter, William D.","contributorId":64567,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carter","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":842092,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70232614,"text":"70232614 - 1975 - Ordovician and middle Silurian rocks of the Wildhorse window,  northeastern Pioneer Mountains, central Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-08T15:01:46.499533","indexId":"70232614","displayToPublicDate":"1975-07-01T09:14:31","publicationYear":"1975","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2446,"text":"Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ordovician and middle Silurian rocks of the Wildhorse window,  northeastern Pioneer Mountains, central Idaho","docAbstract":"<p>Along Wildhorse Creek in the northeastern Pioneer Mountains, autochthonous Ordovician and Silurian rocks of an eastern carbonate assemblage are exposed in a structural window through allochthonous flysch deposits of the Mississippian Copper Basin Group. Graptolite-bearing Middle and Upper Ordovician dolomite and cherty dolomite 210 ft (64 m) thick are lithologically and faunally similar to the Hanson Creek Formation of central Nevada and the Saturday Mountain Formation of central Idaho. <i>Monograptus</i>-bearing Middle Silurian platy limestone at least 130 ft (40 m) thick resembles the Roberts Mountains Formation of central Nevada and rocks improperly designated Trail Creek Formation in the Bayhorse region of central Idaho. Allochthonous age-equivalent units of a more western transitional assemblage (the type Phi Kappa and Trail Creek Formations) occur 5 mi (8 km) west of the Wildhorse window, along the crest of the Pioneer Mountains.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U. S. Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Dover, J.H., and Ross, R.J., 1975, Ordovician and middle Silurian rocks of the Wildhorse window,  northeastern Pioneer Mountains, central Idaho: Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey, v. 3, no. 4, p. 431-436.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"431","endPage":"436","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":403274,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":403273,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/journal/1975/vol3issue4/report.pdf","size":"24671 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","otherGeospatial":"Pioneer Mountains, Wildhorse window","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -114.23686981201172,\n              43.78621481611623\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.94298553466797,\n              43.78621481611623\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.94298553466797,\n              44.02985227986729\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.23686981201172,\n              44.02985227986729\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.23686981201172,\n              43.78621481611623\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"3","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dover, James H.","contributorId":43382,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dover","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":846075,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ross, Reuben James Jr.","contributorId":36911,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ross","given":"Reuben","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"James","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":846076,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70232587,"text":"70232587 - 1975 - Geology, geochemistry, and fluid-inclusion petrography of the Sapo Alegre porphyry copper prospect and its metavolcanic wallrocks, west-central Puerto Rico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-07T16:24:31.352711","indexId":"70232587","displayToPublicDate":"1975-05-01T11:02:53","publicationYear":"1975","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2446,"text":"Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geology, geochemistry, and fluid-inclusion petrography of the Sapo Alegre porphyry copper prospect and its metavolcanic wallrocks, west-central Puerto Rico","docAbstract":"<p>The Sapo Alegre prospect, a small porphyry copper-molybdenum occurrence in west-central Puerto Rico, is characterized by distinct zones of alteration and mineralization of quartz diorite porphyry. A biotite-chlorite zone in the porphyry near its contact with surrounding metavolcanic rocks contains copper, molybdenum, gold, silver, selenium, and tellurium. A quartz-sericite-pyrite zone within the porphyry contains abundant sulfur and traces of selenium, but metals of the biotite-chlorite zone are nearly absent and zinc, manganese, nickel, sodium, calcium, and magnesium contents are very low. Quartz grains in the biotite-chlorite zone contain abundant fluid inclusions in which halite crystals are common, whereas in the quartz-sericite-pyrite zone inclusions are less abundant and rarely contain halite inclusions. Metavolcanic rocks northwest of the mineralized porphyry are altered to amphibolitic hornfels near the contact. Biotitic alteration is strong outward from the hornfels and grades into chlorite alteration. The hornfels has very low sulfide content, and the biotite zone has moderate amounts of copper and sulfur, decreasing outward. The chlorite zone is characterized by an abrupt increase in zinc and manganese content. Fluid-inclusion data suggest temperatures between 300° and 400°C for hydrothermal fluids in the biotite-chlorite zone of the porphyry and 250° to 300°C for fluids in the quartz-sericite-pyrite zone. Pressures equivalent to about 1.5 km of burial are indicated.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U. S. Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Cox, D.P., Gonzalez, I.P., and Nash, J.T., 1975, Geology, geochemistry, and fluid-inclusion petrography of the Sapo Alegre porphyry copper prospect and its metavolcanic wallrocks, west-central Puerto Rico: Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey, v. 3, no. 3, p. 313-327.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"313","endPage":"327","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":403179,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":403178,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/journal/1975/vol3issue3/report.pdf","size":"22359 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"Puerto Rico","county":"Río Víví district","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -66.79069519042969,\n              18.107513406005165\n            ],\n            [\n              -66.65164947509766,\n              18.107513406005165\n            ],\n            [\n              -66.65164947509766,\n              18.215981050868315\n            ],\n            [\n              -66.79069519042969,\n              18.215981050868315\n            ],\n            [\n              -66.79069519042969,\n              18.107513406005165\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"3","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cox, Dennis P. dcox@usgs.gov","contributorId":2766,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cox","given":"Dennis","email":"dcox@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":846014,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gonzalez, Ileana Perez","contributorId":292878,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gonzalez","given":"Ileana","email":"","middleInitial":"Perez","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":846015,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nash, J. Thomas","contributorId":26306,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nash","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Thomas","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":846016,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70232648,"text":"70232648 - 1975 - Ore grade, metal production, and energy","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-11T14:02:26.560986","indexId":"70232648","displayToPublicDate":"1975-01-01T08:40:07","publicationYear":"1975","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2446,"text":"Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ore grade, metal production, and energy","docAbstract":"<p>&nbsp;Recent resource estimates have been stimulated by national concern over present and pending shortages of energy and mineral resources. Although some believe that the resource base of a commodity is the total amount in the crust, the energy consumption for mining and milling under present technology suggests that grades of the metallic ores have a lower limit when production is assumed to be for common usages. The tonnage required to mine and mill ores to obtain one unit of metal is a hyperbolic function of the grade, and as the tonnage increases hyperbolically, so does the energy consumed. For copper, the hyperbolic relation suggests that deposits with grades below about 0.20-0.25 percent Cu will not be mined to produce metal for common electrical and construction uses. Although the energy used to mine and mill a unit of metal differs from one metal to another, all show the hyperbolic increase in energy consumption as grade decreases.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Page, N.J., and Creasy, S.C., 1975, Ore grade, metal production, and energy: Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey, v. 3, no. 1, p. 9-13.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"9","endPage":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":403364,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":403363,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/journal/1975/vol3issue1/report.pdf"}],"volume":"3","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Page, Norman J.","contributorId":46492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Page","given":"Norman","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":846185,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Creasy, S. C.","contributorId":18855,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Creasy","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":846186,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":67253,"text":"i830 - 1974 - Geologic map and sections of the Holy Cross quadrangle, Eagle, Lake, Pitkin, and Summit Counties, Colorado","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":16327,"text":"ofr58105 - 1958 - Geologic map of the southwestern part of the Holy Cross quadrangle, Colorado","indexId":"ofr58105","publicationYear":"1958","noYear":false,"title":"Geologic map of the southwestern part of the Holy Cross quadrangle, Colorado"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":67253,"text":"i830 - 1974 - Geologic map and sections of the Holy Cross quadrangle, Eagle, Lake, Pitkin, and Summit Counties, Colorado","indexId":"i830","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"title":"Geologic map and sections of the Holy Cross quadrangle, Eagle, Lake, Pitkin, and Summit Counties, Colorado"},"id":1},{"subject":{"id":46742,"text":"ofr71286 - 1971 - Geologic map of the Holy Cross Quadrangle, Eagle, Lake, Pitkin, and Summit counties, Colorado","indexId":"ofr71286","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"title":"Geologic map of the Holy Cross Quadrangle, Eagle, Lake, Pitkin, and Summit counties, Colorado"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":67253,"text":"i830 - 1974 - Geologic map and sections of the Holy Cross quadrangle, Eagle, Lake, Pitkin, and Summit Counties, Colorado","indexId":"i830","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"title":"Geologic map and sections of the Holy Cross quadrangle, Eagle, Lake, Pitkin, and Summit Counties, Colorado"},"id":2}],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-04-12T20:52:43.881838","indexId":"i830","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":320,"text":"IMAP","code":"I","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"830","title":"Geologic map and sections of the Holy Cross quadrangle, Eagle, Lake, Pitkin, and Summit Counties, Colorado","docAbstract":"This map was first published as a printed edition in 1974. The geologic data have now been captured digitally and are presented here along with images of the printed map sheets. The map encompasses the area of four 7.5-minute quadrangles between 39º15' and 39º 30'N and 106º15' and 106º30'W in the Sawatch and Gore mountain ranges, and upper part of the Arkansas River drainage in central Colorado. The Holy Cross geologic map depicts in detail the complex geology at the north end of the Sawatch Range on the west at its junction with south end of the Gore Range on the east. The ranges are separated in the southern part of the map area by the upper reaches of the Arkansas River, and in the northeast part by the narrow valley of the upper Eagle River.  Sixty map units and numerous individual beds and thin units within the principal map units are shown. Paleoproterozoic and Mesoproterozoic metamorphic rocks are the principal rocks of the Sawatch Range. In the Gore Range, lower and upper Paleozoic sedimentary rocks rest unconformably on the Precambrian metamorphic rocks. Paleozoic rocks that range in age from Upper Cambrian though Middle Pennsylvanian support the Gore Range along the eastern quarter of the map. The sequence includes a basal quartzite overlain by interbedded, shale, dolomite, quartzite, and sandstone. The Leadville Dolomite, below the dark shale, is the host rock for the ore deposits at Leadville and the neighboring lead-zinc-silver districts. A wide range of Miocene to Cretaceous intrusive rocks dip east off the Sawatch Range. The Dry Union Formation of Pliocene and Miocene age fills the valley of the Arkansas River and is covered by Quaternary alluvium and glacial sediment. Glacial deposits of Bull Lake, Pinedale, and neoglacial age are present in many of the mountain valleys.  The geologic structure of the quadrangle is complex in geometry and time with a distinct structural and geographic break along the west front of the Gore Range in the eastern quarter of the quadrangle. In general, Paleozoic strata intruded by Tertiary and Cretaceous irregular linear plutons and sills of the Gore Range are tilted east from the Sawatch Range. These rocks are broken by major normal faults in a complex pattern commonly associated with Paleocene? and Cretaceous intrusive porphyries. In the Sawatch Range, two large Precambrian igneous complexes are separated by a broad shear zone of Precambrian age that extends northwest across the quadrangle and beneath Paleozoic rocks of the Gore Range. Down-to-valley normal faults define the margins of the Arkansas and upper Eagle River valleys.  The Leadville, Sugarloaf, and St. Kevin districts have produced significant amounts of silver. The Homestake mine at the head of West Tennessee Creek produced silver and lead from veins bearing siderite and barite. Scattered veins in shear zones along Homestake Creek are mainly argentiferous galena veins; some are quartz and copper. Veins at Holy Cross City produced gold. Other veins in the area have produced gold, silver, and minor amounts of copper.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/i830","usgsCitation":"Tweto, O., and Brandt, T., 1974, Geologic map and sections of the Holy Cross quadrangle, Eagle, Lake, Pitkin, and Summit Counties, Colorado (Originally posted in 1974; Digital edition July 19, 2013): U.S. Geological Survey IMAP 830, Report: 9 p.; 1 Plate: 36.00 x 50.05; Downloads Directory, https://doi.org/10.3133/i830.","productDescription":"Report: 9 p.; 1 Plate: 36.00 x 50.05; Downloads Directory","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":189301,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/i830.gif"},{"id":398599,"rank":6,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_9660.htm"},{"id":275187,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/830/downloads/I-830_map.pdf"},{"id":275186,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/830/"},{"id":275188,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/830/downloads/I-830textonly_508.pdf"},{"id":275189,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/830/downloads/"}],"scale":"24000","country":"United States","state":"Colorado","county":"Eagle County. Lake County, Pitkin County, Summit County","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -106.5,39.25 ], [ -106.5,39.5 ], [ -106.25,39.5 ], [ -106.25,39.25 ], [ -106.5,39.25 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Originally posted in 1974; Digital edition July 19, 2013","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abae4b07f02db672287","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tweto, Ogden","contributorId":52939,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tweto","given":"Ogden","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":275854,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brandt, Theodore R.","contributorId":102336,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brandt","given":"Theodore R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":275855,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":61987,"text":"mr62 - 1974 - Copper occurrences in Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-05-09T14:21:21.070203","indexId":"mr62","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":324,"text":"Mineral Investigations Resource Map","code":"MR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"62","title":"Copper occurrences in Alaska","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/mr62","usgsCitation":"Cobb, E.H., 1974, Copper occurrences in Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Mineral Investigations Resource Map 62, Report: 18 p.; 1 Plate: 49.00 x 37.00 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/mr62.","productDescription":"Report: 18 p.; 1 Plate: 49.00 x 37.00 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":485640,"rank":4,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mr/62/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":485628,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_1792.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":260438,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mr/62/plate-1.pdf"},{"id":180517,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mr/62/report-thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"2500000","country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -172,52.25 ], [ -172,70.11749999999999 ], [ -129.5,70.11749999999999 ], [ -129.5,52.25 ], [ -172,52.25 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adbe4b07f02db685d7f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cobb, Edward Huntington","contributorId":13629,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cobb","given":"Edward","email":"","middleInitial":"Huntington","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":266655,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":59468,"text":"mf564 - 1974 - Geochemical, aeromagnetic, and generalized geologic maps showing distribution and abundance of copper and molybdenum, Brooks Spring Quadrangle, Humboldt County, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-05-20T13:22:31","indexId":"mf564","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":325,"text":"Miscellaneous Field Studies Map","code":"MF","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"564","title":"Geochemical, aeromagnetic, and generalized geologic maps showing distribution and abundance of copper and molybdenum, Brooks Spring Quadrangle, Humboldt County, Nevada","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/mf564","usgsCitation":"Erickson, R.L., and Marsh, S., 1974, Geochemical, aeromagnetic, and generalized geologic maps showing distribution and abundance of copper and molybdenum, Brooks Spring Quadrangle, Humboldt County, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map 564, 1 map., https://doi.org/10.3133/mf564.","productDescription":"1 map.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":180512,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":272448,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/0564/plate-1.pdf"}],"scale":"0","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -117.36749999999999,40.75 ], [ -117.36749999999999,40.8675 ], [ -117.25,40.8675 ], [ -117.25,40.75 ], [ -117.36749999999999,40.75 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b20e4b07f02db6ab8e8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Erickson, R. L.","contributorId":26318,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Erickson","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":262068,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Marsh, S.P.","contributorId":32913,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marsh","given":"S.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":262069,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":58900,"text":"mf614 - 1974 - Map showing distribution of copper, lead, zinc, mercury, and arsenic in the sediments off the coast of northern Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-07T17:23:41.94378","indexId":"mf614","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":325,"text":"Miscellaneous Field Studies Map","code":"MF","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"614","title":"Map showing distribution of copper, lead, zinc, mercury, and arsenic in the sediments off the coast of northern Alaska","docAbstract":"<p>A developing interest in the normal distributions of potentially harmful substances in the natural environment has prompted a baseline study of a virtually pristine region along the northern coast of Alaska. The information reported here outlines the background values of copper, lead, zinc, cadmium, mercury, and arsenic in the nearshore sediments and is a companion to a similar report covering the sediments off the northwestern coast of Alaska (Barnes and Leong, 1971). This study forms a part of a larger investigation in which many other aspects of the physical, chemical, biological and geological aspects of the continental shelf are considered (Hufford, in press).</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/mf614","usgsCitation":"Barnes, P., Leong, K., and Gustafson, C., 1974, Map showing distribution of copper, lead, zinc, mercury, and arsenic in the sediments off the coast of northern Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map 614, 1 Plate: 39.67 x 32.87 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/mf614.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 39.67 x 32.87 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":415427,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/0614/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":180130,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/0614/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -154,70 ], [ -154,72 ], [ -144,72 ], [ -144,70 ], [ -154,70 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9fe4b07f02db660ee0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barnes, Peter","contributorId":66684,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barnes","given":"Peter","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":261062,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Leong, Kam","contributorId":103660,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leong","given":"Kam","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":261064,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gustafson, Charles","contributorId":66780,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gustafson","given":"Charles","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":261063,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":4146,"text":"cir460E - 1974 - Water quality of hydrologic bench marks; an indicator of water quality in the natural environment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-06T14:16:48","indexId":"cir460E","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"460","chapter":"E","title":"Water quality of hydrologic bench marks; an indicator of water quality in the natural environment","docAbstract":"<p>Water-quality data, collected at 57 hydrologic bench-mark stations in 37 States, allow the definition of water quality in the 'natural' environment and the comparison of 'natural' water quality with water quality of major streams draining similar water-resources regions. Results indicate that water quality in the 'natural' environment is generally very good. Streams draining hydrologic bench-mark basins generally contain low concentrations of dissolved constituents. Water collected at the hydrologic bench-mark stations was analyzed for the following minor metals: arsenic, barium, cadmium, hexavalent chromium, cobalt, copper, lead, mercury, selenium, silver, and zinc. Of 642 analyses, about 65 percent of the observed concentrations were zero. Only three samples contained metals in excess of U.S. Public Health Service recommended drinking-water standards--two selenium concentrations and one cadmium concentration. A total of 213 samples were analyzed for 11 pesticidal compounds. Widespread but very low-level occurrence of pesticide residues in the 'natural' environment was found--about 30 percent of all samples contained low-level concentrations of pesticidal compounds. The DDT family of pesticides occurred most commonly, accounting for 75 percent of the detected occurrences. The highest observed concentration of DDT was 0.06 microgram per litre, well below the recommended maximum permissible in drinking water. Nitrate concentrations in the 'natural' environment generally varied from 0.2 to 0.5 milligram per litre. The average concentration of nitrate in many major streams is as much as 10 times greater. The relationship between dissolved-solids concentration and discharge per unit area in the 'natural' environment for the various physical divisions in the United States has been shown to be an applicable tool for approximating 'natural' water quality. The relationship between dissolved-solids concentration and discharge per unit area is applicable in all the physical divisions of the United States, except the Central Lowland province of the Interior Plains, the Great Plains province of the Interior Plains, and the Basin and Ridge province of the Intermontane Plateaus. The relationship between dissolved-solids concentration and discharge per unit area is least variable in the New England province and Blue Ridge province of the Appalachian Highlands. The dissolved-solids concentration versus discharge per unit area in the Central Lowland province of the Interior Plains is highly variable. A sample collected from the hydrologic bench-mark station at Bear Den Creek near Mandaree, N. Dak., contained 3,420 milligrams per litre dissolved solids. This high concentration in the 'natural' environment indicates that natural processes can be principal agents in modifying the environment and can cause degradation. Average annual runoff and rock type can be used as predictive tools to determine the maximum dissolved-solids concentration expected in the 'natural' environment.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/cir460E","usgsCitation":"Biesecker, J.E., and Leifeste, D.K., 1974, Water quality of hydrologic bench marks; an indicator of water quality in the natural environment: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 460, iv, 21 p. :ill. ;26 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir460E.","productDescription":"iv, 21 p. :ill. ;26 cm.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":124414,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1974/0460e/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":31252,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1974/0460e/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United 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,{"id":6173,"text":"pp723 - 1974 - Geology and ore deposits of the Rico District, Colorado","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":55430,"text":"ofr4451 - 1944 - Lead and zinc deposits at Rico, Colorado","indexId":"ofr4451","publicationYear":"1944","noYear":false,"title":"Lead and zinc deposits at Rico, Colorado"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":6173,"text":"pp723 - 1974 - Geology and ore deposits of the Rico District, Colorado","indexId":"pp723","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"title":"Geology and ore deposits of the Rico District, Colorado"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-09-23T17:16:36.996908","indexId":"pp723","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"723","title":"Geology and ore deposits of the Rico District, Colorado","docAbstract":"The Rico district is in the Dolores River valley at the east end of Dolores County in southwestern Colorado. Mining has been actively carried on in the district since 1879. In the early days, silver was the chief product and was mined largely from Newman Hill southeast of the town of Rico. After 1900, the base metals, particularly lead and zinc, mined in other parts of the district, became the major products, though silver remained an important byproduct. The production of the Rico district from 1879 to 1968 has been about 83,000 ounces gold, 14,500,000 ounces silver, 5,600 tons copper, 84,000 tons lead, and 83,000 tons zinc.","language":"English","publisher":"United States Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/pp723","usgsCitation":"McKnight, E.T., 1974, Geology and ore deposits of the Rico District, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 723, Report: iv, 100 p.; 3 Plates: 39.12 x 30.78 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/pp723.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 100 p.; 3 Plates: 39.12 x 30.78 inches or smaller","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":268345,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0723/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":495917,"rank":6,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_5016.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":268955,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0723/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":268956,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0723/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":337211,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0723/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":140786,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0723/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Rico District","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -108.045,\n              37.7283\n            ],\n            [\n              -108.045,\n              37.6703\n            ],\n            [\n              -107.9869,\n              37.6703\n            ],\n            [\n              -107.9869,\n              37.7283\n            ],\n            [\n              -108.045,\n              37.7283\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad7e4b07f02db6843f5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McKnight, Edwin Thor","contributorId":61812,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKnight","given":"Edwin","email":"","middleInitial":"Thor","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":152237,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70205111,"text":"70205111 - 1974 - Metallogenic provinces of southeastern Pacific region","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-09-03T14:57:21","indexId":"70205111","displayToPublicDate":"1976-01-01T14:50:54","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":606,"text":"AAPG Memoir","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Metallogenic provinces of southeastern Pacific region","docAbstract":"<p>Metalliferous mineral deposits of the southeastern Pacific region include:<span>&nbsp;</span><strong>(1)</strong>hydrothermal, magmatic, and sedimentary deposits of the Andean region, one of the great mineral belts of the world;<span>&nbsp;</span><strong>(2)</strong><span>&nbsp;</span>scattered hydrothermal deposits in the Antarctic Peninsula; and<span>&nbsp;</span><strong>(3)</strong><span>&nbsp;</span>metal-enriched pelagic sediments and ferromanganese nodules on the seafloor. Andean metalliferous deposits, the chief topic of this report, are for the most part spatially and genetically related to calc-alkaline plutons, subvolcanic intrusions, and volcanic rocks emplaced during the Andean orogeny of Late Triassic to Quaternary age. They are components of a single metallogenic province superimposed on two or more pre-Andean metallogenic provinces of Paleozoic and Precambrian(?) age. Deposits in the Antarctic Peninsula are similar in age and origin to the deposits in the Andes and are considered to belong to the Andean province.</p><p>The Andean metallogenic province may be divided into several subprovinces, each parallel with the Andes and the continental margin and each having a dominant metal or suite of metals. The central Andes of Peru, northern Chile, and Bolivia, which contain the greatest concentration of exploitable deposits and the greatest variety of ore types, have as many as five linear, partly overlapping subprovinces. These subprovinces, from west to east (Pacific coast to the eastern Andean front), are characterized, respectively, by deposits of iron, copper, polymetallic base metals, tin, and gold.</p><p>Calc-alkaline plutonic and volcanic rocks of the Andes, which probably originated by partial melting in the Benioff zone, show a general, though nonuniform progression of decreasing age from west to east. Igneous rocks of Jurassic and Cretaceous age are most abundant near the coast, whereas those of Tertiary and Quaternary age dominate in the Andes. Locally, intrusive rocks and associated ore deposits of widely different ages are juxtaposed. Several sources of the metals are probable; they include oceanic crust and pelagic sediments in the Benioff zone, some of which may have been enriched previously in certain metals at the ancestral East Pacific Rise, and metal-rich zones in the overlying mantle and continental crust.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"GeoScienceWorld","usgsCitation":"Ericksen, G.E., 1974, Metallogenic provinces of southeastern Pacific region: AAPG Memoir, v. 25, p. 527-538.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"527","endPage":"538","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":367149,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":367148,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/books/book/1455/chapter/107175923/metallogenic-provinces-of-southeastern-pacific"}],"volume":"25","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ericksen, George Edward","contributorId":38537,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ericksen","given":"George","email":"","middleInitial":"Edward","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":770062,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70232457,"text":"70232457 - 1974 - Relation of mineralization to calderas in the San Juan volcanic field, southwestern Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-01T21:46:33.514384","indexId":"70232457","displayToPublicDate":"1974-07-01T16:32:30","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2446,"text":"Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Relation of mineralization to calderas in the San Juan volcanic field, southwestern Colorado","docAbstract":"<p>A review of the calderas in the San Juan volcanic field, southwestern Colorado, indicates that lead, zinc, copper, gold, and silver mineralization took place in and near calderas which had complex histories of postsubsidence intrusive and extrusive igneous activity. Most known ore occurs in veins that follow fractures formed during the different caldera cycles, but some intrusive bodies were extensively mineralized and possibly may host disseminated, porphyry-type deposits. The mineral deposits seem to be related most commonly to the youngest and most highly differentiated late intrusives of a caldera cycle.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U. S. Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Steven, T., Luedke, R.G., and Lipman, P.W., 1974, Relation of mineralization to calderas in the San Juan volcanic field, southwestern Colorado: Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey, v. 2, no. 4, p. 405-409.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"405","endPage":"409","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":402899,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":402898,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/journal/1974/vol2issue4/report.pdf","size":"19104 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"San Juan volcanic field","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -108.424072265625,\n              37.01132594307015\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.655517578125,\n              37.01132594307015\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.655517578125,\n              39.232253141714885\n            ],\n            [\n              -108.424072265625,\n              39.232253141714885\n            ],\n            [\n              -108.424072265625,\n              37.01132594307015\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"2","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Steven, Thomas A.","contributorId":57529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steven","given":"Thomas A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":845583,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Luedke, Robert G.","contributorId":18339,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luedke","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":845584,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lipman, Peter W. 0000-0001-9175-6118 plipman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9175-6118","contributorId":3486,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lipman","given":"Peter","email":"plipman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":845585,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
]}