{"pageNumber":"74","pageRowStart":"1825","pageSize":"25","recordCount":3813,"records":[{"id":79462,"text":"fs20063141 - 2006 - A Century of Retreat at Portage Glacier, South-Central Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-07T11:50:10","indexId":"fs20063141","displayToPublicDate":"2006-12-13T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-3141","title":"A Century of Retreat at Portage Glacier, South-Central Alaska","docAbstract":"<p>Introduction: The Portage Glacier, in south-central Alaska, is viewed by thousands of visitors annually who come to the U.S. Forest Service Begich, Boggs Visitor Center located on the road system between Anchorage and Whittier, Alaska. During the past century, the terminus of the glacier has retreated nearly 5 kilometers to its present location (fig. 1). Like other glaciers that terminate in water, such as Columbia Glacier near Valdez or Mendenhall Glacier near Juneau, Portage Glacier has experienced accelerated retreats in recent decades that likely were initially triggered by climate change begun at the end of the Little Ice Age in the mid-1800s and subsequently controlled in recent history primarily by calving of the glacier terminus. Photographic records of the terminus covering 1914 until present day track the patterns of retreat. These data, coupled with USGS climate information collected from the southern end of the ice field, provide insight to the patterns of retreat that might be observed in the future.</p>","language":"English","doi":"10.3133/fs20063141","usgsCitation":"Kennedy, B., Trabant, D.C., and Mayo, L.R., 2006, A Century of Retreat at Portage Glacier, South-Central Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2006-3141, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20063141.","productDescription":"2 p.","numberOfPages":"2","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125092,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2006_3141.jpg"},{"id":8999,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2006/3141/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd494de4b0b290850ef094","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kennedy, Ben W.","contributorId":104519,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kennedy","given":"Ben W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":289973,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Trabant, Dennis C.","contributorId":13965,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trabant","given":"Dennis","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":289971,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mayo, Lawrence R.","contributorId":98344,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mayo","given":"Lawrence","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":289972,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":79458,"text":"fs20063138 - 2006 - Ground-Water Flow Modeling by the U.S. Geological Survey in Nevada: Uses and Approaches","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-18T11:13:55.323577","indexId":"fs20063138","displayToPublicDate":"2006-12-13T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-3138","title":"Ground-Water Flow Modeling by the U.S. Geological Survey in Nevada: Uses and Approaches","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/fs20063138","usgsCitation":"Belcher, W., and Welch, A., 2006, Ground-Water Flow Modeling by the U.S. Geological Survey in Nevada: Uses and Approaches: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2006-3138, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20063138.","productDescription":"6 p.","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":120718,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2006_3138.jpg"},{"id":8995,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2006/3138/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ab0e4b07f02db66d62c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Belcher, Wayne R.","contributorId":79446,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belcher","given":"Wayne R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":289964,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Welch, Alan H.","contributorId":45286,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Welch","given":"Alan H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":289963,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":79449,"text":"fs20063142 - 2006 - The National Volcano Early Warning System (NVEWS)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-29T16:21:05","indexId":"fs20063142","displayToPublicDate":"2006-12-12T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-3142","title":"The National Volcano Early Warning System (NVEWS)","docAbstract":"<p class=\"abstract\">The National Volcano Early Warning System (NVEWS) is a proposed national-scale effort by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Volcano Hazards Program and its affiliated partners in the Consortium of U.S. Volcano Observatories (CUSVO) (<a href=\"http://www.cusvo.org/\" target=\"_blank\">http://www.cusvo.org</a>) to ensure that volcanoes are monitored at a level commensurate with the threats they pose. Roughly half of the Nation&rsquo;s 169 young volcanoes are dangerous because of the manner in which they erupt and the communities and infrastructure within their destructive reach. Most U.S. volcanoes are located on sparsely populated Federal lands, but it is the threat to communities and infrastructure downstream and downwind, including to military and commercial aviation, that drives the need to properly monitor volcanic activity and provide forecasts and notifications of expected hazards.</p>\n<p class=\"abstract\">Waiting until unrest escalates at a volcano then reacting to improve sparse monitoring arrays results in the loss of precious time and data as scientists, civil authorities, citizens, and businesses play \"catch up\" with a dangerous force of nature. NVEWS is a proposal to address monitoring needs at potentially dangerous volcanoes that have inadequate ground-based monitoring or none at all and to move beyond a reactive approach to mitigating volcanic risk. The most hazardous volcanoes would be properly monitored well in advance of the onset of activity, making it possible for scientists to improve the timeliness and accuracy of hazard forecasts and for citizens to take proper and timely action to reduce risk.</p>\n<p class=\"abstract\">The first step in developing NVEWS was a systematic assessment of (1) threats posed by U.S. volcanoes to human life and enterprise, (2) current monitoring capabilities at each volcano, and (3) improvements necessary to fill the worst monitoring gaps. The NVEWS assessment, published in 2005 (<a href=\"http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1164/\" target=\"_blank\">http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1164/</a>), shows that a few volcanoes are relatively well monitored with telemetered instrument arrays of various types. Many other volcanoes are monitored primarily by a network of sparsely distributed seismic instruments that lack the sensitivity to detect the subtle earthquakes that commonly characterize the earliest stages of unrest. Some hazardous volcanoes have no ground-based monitoring whatsoever.</p>\n<p class=\"abstract\">The overall result of the NVEWS assessment is the identification of 57 priority volcanoes that are undermonitored for the threats posed and thus targets for improved monitoring networks.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/fs20063142","usgsCitation":"Ewert, J., Guffanti, M., Cervelli, P., and Quick, J., 2006, The National Volcano Early Warning System (NVEWS): U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2006-3142, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20063142.","productDescription":"2 p.","numberOfPages":"2","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":120978,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2006_3142.jpg"},{"id":8990,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2006/3142/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac7e4b07f02db67b057","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ewert, John","contributorId":79963,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ewert","given":"John","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":289942,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Guffanti, Marianne","contributorId":68257,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guffanti","given":"Marianne","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":289941,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cervelli, Peter","contributorId":17318,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cervelli","given":"Peter","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":289939,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Quick, James","contributorId":52670,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Quick","given":"James","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":289940,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":79440,"text":"fs20063133 - 2006 - Natural Bitumen Resources of the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-31T13:35:27","indexId":"fs20063133","displayToPublicDate":"2006-12-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-3133","title":"Natural Bitumen Resources of the United States","docAbstract":"<p><span>Major natural bitumen accumulations in&nbsp;the United States are estimated to contain about 36 billion barrels of measured in-place resource and about 18&nbsp;billion barrels of speculative in-place resource. Major natural bitumen resources are in Alabama, Alaska, California, Kentucky, New Mexico, Oklahoma, Texas, Utah, and Wyoming.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20063133","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 2006, Natural Bitumen Resources of the United States (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2006-3133, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20063133.","productDescription":"2 p.","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":120716,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2006_3133.jpg"},{"id":8957,"rank":100,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2006/3133/","text":"Index Page","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":357004,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2006/3133/pdf/FS2006-3133_508.pdf","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b00e4b07f02db6982d6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":534830,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":79386,"text":"fs20063110 - 2006 - Submarine ground-water discharge: nutrient loading and nitrogen transformations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-14T13:01:28","indexId":"fs20063110","displayToPublicDate":"2006-11-17T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-3110","title":"Submarine ground-water discharge: nutrient loading and nitrogen transformations","docAbstract":"<p>Eutrophication of coastal waters due to nonpoint source land-derived nitrogen (N) loads is a worldwide phenomenon and perhaps the greatest agent of change altering coastal ecology (National Research Council, 2000; Howarth and others, 2000). Within the United States, a majority of estuaries have been determined to be moderately to severely impaired by eutrophication associated with increasing nutrient loads (Bricker and others, 1999).</p><p>In coastal watersheds with soils of high hydraulic conductivity and permeable coastal sediments, ground water is a major route of transport of freshwater and its solutes from land to sea. Freshwater flowing downgradient from aquifers may either discharge from a seepage face near the intertidal zone, or flow directly into the sea as submarine ground-water discharge (SGD) (fig. 1). In the coastal aquifer, entrainment of saline pore water occurs prior to discharge, producing a gradient in ground-water salinity from land to sea, referred to as a subterranean estuary (Moore, 1999). In addition, processes including density-driven flow and tidal pumping create brackish and saline ground-water circulation. Hence, submarine ground-water discharge often consists of a substantial amount of recirculating seawater. Mixing of fresh and saline ground waters in the context of coastal sediments may alter the chemical composition of the discharging fluid. Depending on the biogeochemical setting, removal of fixed N due to processes leading to N<sub>2</sub> (dinitrogen gas) production in the nearshore aquifer and subterranean estuary may significantly attenuate land-derived N loads; or, processes such as ion exchange and tidal pumping in the subterranean estuary may substantially accelerate the transport of both land-derived and sediment re-mineralized N to estuarine water columns.</p><p>As emphasized by Burnett and others (2001, 2002), a fundamental problem in evaluating the importance of ground-water discharge in marine geochemical budgets is the difficulty of collecting samples across the salinity gradients of coastal aquifers. In addition, locating and quantifying rates of submarine ground-water discharge remains a challenge due to the diffuse and spatially and temporally heterogeneous nature of discharge. As a result, with regard to the study of biogeochemical cycles and chemical loads to coastal waters, the seepage face and subterranean estuary are relatively new and under-studied zones in the aquatic cascade from watershed to sea. Processes occurring in those zones must be understood and considered for proper modeling and management of coastal water resources.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20063110","usgsCitation":"Kroeger, K.D., Swarzenski, P.W., Crusius, J., Bratton, J.F., and Charette, M.A., 2006, Submarine ground-water discharge: nutrient loading and nitrogen transformations: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2006-3110, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20063110.","productDescription":"4 p.","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125095,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2006_3110.jpg"},{"id":9353,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2006/3110/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":293248,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2006/3110/pdf/FS2006-3110.pdf","text":"Report","size":"296.37 kB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db699bed","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kroeger, Kevin D. 0000-0002-4272-2349 kkroeger@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4272-2349","contributorId":1603,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kroeger","given":"Kevin","email":"kkroeger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":41100,"text":"Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":289746,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Swarzenski, Peter W. 0000-0003-0116-0578 pswarzen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0116-0578","contributorId":1070,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swarzenski","given":"Peter","email":"pswarzen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":289745,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Crusius, John 0000-0003-2554-0831 jcrusius@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2554-0831","contributorId":2155,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crusius","given":"John","email":"jcrusius@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":289747,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bratton, John F. 0000-0003-0376-4981 jbratton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0376-4981","contributorId":92757,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bratton","given":"John","email":"jbratton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":289749,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Charette, Matthew A.","contributorId":92355,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Charette","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":289748,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":79387,"text":"fs20063131 - 2006 - Investigations of the Effects of Synthetic Chemicals on the Endocrine System of Common Carp in Lake Mead, Nevada and Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:18","indexId":"fs20063131","displayToPublicDate":"2006-11-17T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-3131","title":"Investigations of the Effects of Synthetic Chemicals on the Endocrine System of Common Carp in Lake Mead, Nevada and Arizona","docAbstract":"Introduction:\r\n\r\nLake Mead is the largest reservoir by volume in the United States and was created by the construction of the 221-meter high Hoover Dam in 1935 at Black Canyon on the lower Colorado River between Nevada and Arizona (fig. 1). Inflows of water into the lake include three rivers, Colorado, Virgin, and Muddy; as well as Las Vegas Wash, which is now perennial because of discharges from municipal wastewater treatment plants (Covay and Leiker, 1998) and urban stormwater runoff. As the population within the Las Vegas Valley began to increase in the 1940s, the treated effluent volume also has increased and in 1993 it constituted about 96 percent of the annual discharge of Las Vegas Wash (Bevans and others, 1996). The mean flow of Las Vegas Wash into Las Vegas Bay from 1992 to 1998 was about 490,000 m3/d (Preissler and others, 1999) and in 2001 increased to 606,000 m3/d (U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, 2001). The nutrient concentration in most areas of the lake is low, but wastewater discharged into Las Vegas Bay has caused an increased level of nutrients and primary productivity (aquatic plant and algal production) in this area of the lake (LaBounty and Horn, 1997). A byproduct of this increase in productivity has been the establishment of an important recreational fishery in Las Vegas Bay. However, concentrations of chlorophyll a (a measure of algal biomass) have also increased (LaBounty and Horn, 1997). In the spring of 2001, parts of Lake Mead experienced massive algal blooms.\r\n\r\nIn addition to nutrient loading by wastewater, the presence of numerous synthetic chemicals in water, bottom sediments, and in fish tissue also has been reported (Bevans and others, 1996). Synthetic chemicals discharging into Las Vegas Bay and Lake Mead (fig. 1) originate from several sources that include surplus residential-irrigation water runoff, stormwater runoff, subsurface inflow, and tertiary treated sewage effluent discharging from three sewage-treatment plants. Chemicals detected in Las Vegas Wash and Bay environments include polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), organochlorine pesticides (including DDT and DDE), and 'emerging contaminants' such as fragrances/musks, flame retardants, triclosan and its breakdown products, personal care products, and pharmaceuticals (Bevans and others, 1996; Boyd and Furlong, 2002; Leiker and others, in press). Many of these compounds are able to interact with the endocrine system of animals and potentially cause reproductive impacts.\r\n\r\nThe National Park Service (NPS) manages Lake Mead National Recreation Area (LMNRA) with about 8 million yearly visitors including 500,000 anglers drawn to its world-class recreational fishery. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) provides management for the federally designated, endangered razorback sucker (Xyrauchen texanus) and for more than 180 species of migratory birds that utilize LMNRA surface waters. These multiple uses of surface water in the area demonstrate their vital importance to the LMNRA as well as the need to maintain the quality of water at levels that are adequate for these uses.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/fs20063131","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Rosen, M.R., Goodbred, S.L., Patiño, R., Leiker, T.A., and Orsak, E., 2006, Investigations of the Effects of Synthetic Chemicals on the Endocrine System of Common Carp in Lake Mead, Nevada and Arizona (Version 1.1, Revised Oct 2007): U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2006-3131, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20063131.","productDescription":"4 p.","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125006,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2006_3131.jpg"},{"id":8887,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2006/3131/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.1, Revised Oct 2007","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa8e4b07f02db6673ad","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rosen, Michael R. 0000-0003-3991-0522 mrosen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3991-0522","contributorId":495,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosen","given":"Michael","email":"mrosen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":289750,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Goodbred, Steven L. sgoodbred@usgs.gov","contributorId":497,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goodbred","given":"Steven","email":"sgoodbred@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":289751,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Patiño, Reynaldo","contributorId":58359,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Patiño","given":"Reynaldo","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":289752,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Leiker, Thomas A.","contributorId":59891,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leiker","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":289753,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Orsak, Erik","contributorId":92763,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Orsak","given":"Erik","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":289754,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":79374,"text":"fs20063124 - 2006 - Flooding in Clark and Lincoln Counties, Nevada, December 2004 and January 2005","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:18","indexId":"fs20063124","displayToPublicDate":"2006-11-17T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-3124","title":"Flooding in Clark and Lincoln Counties, Nevada, December 2004 and January 2005","docAbstract":"Introduction: \r\nA regional storm passed through the Las Vegas Valley, Nevada, on December 28-29, 2004, producing up to 2 inches of rain in a 24-hour period. Due to the intense, sustained rainfall, streamflow along Las Vegas Wash was near the record discharges of July 8, 1999. Additional rainfall in December and in January, combined with an early warming trend, resulted in record flooding along Meadow Valley Wash, Muddy River, and Virgin River, January 10-11, 2005 (figs. 1 and 2). On January 7, this warming trend resulted in about a 15?F (degree Fahrenheit) increase over the previous week (fig. 2). This temperature spike, along with further precipitation, caused much of the snow pack in the surrounding mountain ranges to melt and run off into the valleys. These two factors led to the major flood events in Clark and Lincoln Counties during December 2004 and January 2005. Total flood and storm damage for Lincoln County was estimated at $9.4 million and $4.5 million for Clark County (Manning, 2005). \r\n\r\nClark County generally is drained by the Las Vegas and Meadow Valley Washes, and the Muddy and Virgin River systems. Las Vegas Valley is drained by Duck Creek, Tropicana Wash (not in fig. 1), Flamingo Wash, Las Vegas Wash, and several smaller tributaries (fig. 1). Water in these drainages generally flows eastward through Las Vegas to Las Vegas Wash and on toward Lake Mead, an impoundment of the Colorado River. The Virgin River originates in southern Utah, flows past Littlefield, AZ, through Mesquite, NV, and into the Overton Arm of Lake Mead. Meadow Valley Wash flows from Ursine, NV, through Caliente, NV, continues southeast through Moapa Valley, and into the Muddy River at Glendale, NV. The Muddy River flows southeast through Moapa Valley into the Overton Arm of Lake Mead (Kane and Wilson, 2000).\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/fs20063124","usgsCitation":"Ryan, R., 2006, Flooding in Clark and Lincoln Counties, Nevada, December 2004 and January 2005: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2006-3124, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20063124.","productDescription":"4 p.","numberOfPages":"4","temporalStart":"2004-12-01","temporalEnd":"2005-01-31","costCenters":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":124893,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2006_3124.jpg"},{"id":8874,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2006/3124/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae0e4b07f02db688461","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ryan, Roslyn","contributorId":51366,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ryan","given":"Roslyn","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":289728,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":79341,"text":"fs20063096 - 2006 - Cape Cod Toxic Substances Hydrology research site--Physical, chemical, and biological processes that control the fate of contaminants in ground water","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-26T11:30:39","indexId":"fs20063096","displayToPublicDate":"2006-11-17T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-3096","title":"Cape Cod Toxic Substances Hydrology research site--Physical, chemical, and biological processes that control the fate of contaminants in ground water","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/fs20063096","usgsCitation":"LeBlanc, D.R., 2006, Cape Cod Toxic Substances Hydrology research site--Physical, chemical, and biological processes that control the fate of contaminants in ground water: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2006-3096, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20063096.","productDescription":"2 p.","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":122431,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2006_3096.jpg"},{"id":8834,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2006/3096/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fde4b07f02db5f6935","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"LeBlanc, Denis R. 0000-0002-4646-2628 dleblanc@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4646-2628","contributorId":1696,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LeBlanc","given":"Denis","email":"dleblanc@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":289692,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":79332,"text":"fs20063117 - 2006 - Flooding Frequency Alters Vegetation in Isolated Wetlands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:07","indexId":"fs20063117","displayToPublicDate":"2006-11-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-3117","title":"Flooding Frequency Alters Vegetation in Isolated Wetlands","docAbstract":"Many isolated wetlands in central Florida occur as small, shallow depressions scattered throughout the karst topography of the region. In these wetlands, the water table approaches land surface seasonally, and water levels and flooding frequency are largely determined by differences between precipitation and evapotranspiration. Because much of the region is flat with little topographic relief, small changes in wetland water levels can cause large changes in wetland surface area. Persistent changes in wetland flooding frequencies, as a result of changes in rainfall or human activity, can cause a substantial change in the vegetation of thousands of acres of land. Understanding the effect that flooding frequency has on wetland vegetation is important to assessing the overall ecological status of wetlands. Wetland bathymetric mapping, when combined with water-level data and vegetation assessments, can enable scientists to determine the frequency of flooding at different elevations in a wetland and describe the effects of flooding frequency on wetland vegetation at those elevations. \r\n\r\n      Five cypress swamps and five marshes were studied by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) during 2000-2004, as part of an interdisciplinary study of isolated wetlands in central Florida (Haag and others, 2005). Partial results from two of these marshes are described in this report. \r\n\r\n","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/fs20063117","usgsCitation":"Haag, K.H., and Lee, T.M., 2006, Flooding Frequency Alters Vegetation in Isolated Wetlands: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2006-3117, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20063117.","productDescription":"4 p.","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[{"id":275,"text":"Florida Integrated Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":122328,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2006_3117.jpg"},{"id":8821,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2006/3117/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":8881,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":21,"text":"Referenced Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2005/5109/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e2e4b07f02db5e4eb2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Haag, Kim H. khhaag@usgs.gov","contributorId":381,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haag","given":"Kim","email":"khhaag@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":289674,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lee, Terrie M. tmlee@usgs.gov","contributorId":2461,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"Terrie","email":"tmlee@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":289675,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":79328,"text":"fs20063092 - 2006 - Toxicity of Sodium Bicarbonate to Fish from Coal-Bed Natural Gas Production in the Tongue and Powder River Drainages, Montana and Wyoming","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:21","indexId":"fs20063092","displayToPublicDate":"2006-11-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-3092","title":"Toxicity of Sodium Bicarbonate to Fish from Coal-Bed Natural Gas Production in the Tongue and Powder River Drainages, Montana and Wyoming","docAbstract":"This study evaluates the sensitivity of aquatic life to sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3), a major constituent of coal-bed natural gas-produced water. Excessive amounts of sodium bicarbonate in the wastewater from coal-bed methane natural gas production released to freshwater streams and rivers may adversely affect the ability of fish to regulate their ion uptake. The collaborative study focuses on the acute and chronic toxicity of sodium bicarbonate on select fish species in the Tongue and Powder River drainages in southeastern Montana and northeastern Wyoming.\r\n\r\nSodium bicarbonate is not naturally present in appreciable concentrations within the surface waters of the Tongue and Powder River drainages; however, the coal-bed natural gas wastewater can reach levels over 1,000 milligrams per liter. Large concentrations have been shown to be acutely toxic to native fish (Mount and others, 1997). In 2003, with funding and guidance provided by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, the Montana Fish, Wildlife, and Parks and the U.S. Geological Survey initiated a collaborative study on the potential effects of coal-bed natural gas wastewater on aquatic life. A major goal of the study is to provide information to the State of Montana Water Quality Program needed to develop an aquatic life standard for sodium bicarbonate. The standard would allow the State, if necessary, to establish targets for sodium bicarbonate load reductions.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/fs20063092","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 2006, Toxicity of Sodium Bicarbonate to Fish from Coal-Bed Natural Gas Production in the Tongue and Powder River Drainages, Montana and Wyoming (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2006-3092, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20063092.","productDescription":"4 p.","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":122414,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2006_3092.jpg"},{"id":8816,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2006/3092/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ee4b07f02db628048","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":534827,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":79333,"text":"fs20063118 - 2006 - Strength in Numbers: Describing the Flooded Area of Isolated Wetlands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:09","indexId":"fs20063118","displayToPublicDate":"2006-11-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-3118","title":"Strength in Numbers: Describing the Flooded Area of Isolated Wetlands","docAbstract":"Thousands of isolated, freshwater wetlands are scattered across the karst1 landscape of central Florida. Most are small (less than 15 acres), shallow, marsh and cypress wetlands that flood and dry seasonally. Wetland health is threatened when wetland flooding patterns are altered either by human activities, such as land-use change and ground-water pumping, or by changes in climate. Yet the small sizes and vast numbers of isolated wetlands in Florida challenge our efforts to characterize them collectively as a statewide water resource. In the northern Tampa Bay area of west-central Florida alone, water levels are measured monthly in more than 400 wetlands by the Southwest Florida Water Management Distirct (SWFWMD). Many wetlands have over a decade of measurements.\r\n      The usefulness of long-term monitoring of wetland water levels would greatly increase if it described not just the depth of water at a point in the wetland, but also the amount of the total wetland area that was flooded. Water levels can be used to estimate the flooded area of a wetland if the elevation contours of the wetland bottom are determined by bathymetric mapping.\r\n      Despite the recognized importance of the flooded area to wetland vegetation, bathymetric maps are not available to describe the flooded areas of even a representative number of Florida's isolated wetlands. Information on the bathymetry of isolated wetlands is rare because it is labor intensive to collect the land-surface elevation data needed to create the maps. \r\n      Five marshes and five cypress wetlands were studied by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) during 2000 to 2004 as part of a large interdisciplinary study of isolated wetlands in central Florida. The wetlands are located either in municipal well fields or on publicly owned lands (fig. 1). The 10 wetlands share similar geology and climate, but differ in their ground-water settings. All have historical water-level data and multiple vegetation surveys. \r\n      A comprehensive report by Haag and others (2005) documents bathymetric mapping approaches, the frequency of flooding in different areas of the wetlands, and the relation between flooding and vegetation in these wetlands. This fact sheet describes bathymetric mapping approaches and partial results from two natural marshes (Hillsborough River State Park Marsh, and Green Swamp Marsh) and one impaired marsh (W-29 Marsh) that is located on a municipal well field and is affected by ground-water withdrawals. (fig. 1). ","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/fs20063118","usgsCitation":"Lee, T.M., and Haag, K.H., 2006, Strength in Numbers: Describing the Flooded Area of Isolated Wetlands: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2006-3118, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20063118.","productDescription":"4 p.","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[{"id":275,"text":"Florida Integrated Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":8822,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2006/3118/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":125034,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2006_3118.jpg"},{"id":8880,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":21,"text":"Referenced Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2005/5109/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b15e4b07f02db6a4c5c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lee, Terrie M. tmlee@usgs.gov","contributorId":2461,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"Terrie","email":"tmlee@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":289677,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Haag, Kim H. khhaag@usgs.gov","contributorId":381,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haag","given":"Kim","email":"khhaag@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":289676,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":79252,"text":"fs20063114 - 2006 - Water Availability for Ecological Needs in the Upper Flint River Basin, Georgia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-07T09:25:02","indexId":"fs20063114","displayToPublicDate":"2006-10-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-3114","title":"Water Availability for Ecological Needs in the Upper Flint River Basin, Georgia","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/fs20063114","usgsCitation":"Gregory, M.B., Freeman, M., and Hughes, W.B., 2006, Water Availability for Ecological Needs in the Upper Flint River Basin, Georgia: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2006-3114, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20063114.","productDescription":"4 p.","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":121337,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2006_3114.jpg"},{"id":8723,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2006/3114/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":8724,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2006/3114/pdf/fs2006-3114.pdf","size":"2000","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United 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,{"id":79278,"text":"fs20063120 - 2006 - Ground-water modeling of the Death Valley Region, Nevada and California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-13T10:58:22","indexId":"fs20063120","displayToPublicDate":"2006-10-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-3120","title":"Ground-water modeling of the Death Valley Region, Nevada and California","docAbstract":"The Death Valley regional ground-water flow system (DVRFS) of southern Nevada and eastern California covers an area of about 100,000 square kilometers and contains very complex geology and hydrology. Using a computer model to represent the complex system, the U.S. Geological Survey simulated ground-water flow in the Death Valley region for use with U.S. Department of Energy projects in southern Nevada. The model was created to help address contaminant cleanup activities associated with the underground nuclear testing conducted from 1951 to 1992 at the Nevada Test Site and to support the licensing process for the proposed geologic repository for high-level nuclear waste at Yucca Mountain, Nevada. \r\n","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Society","publisherLocation":"Henderson, NV","doi":"10.3133/fs20063120","usgsCitation":"Belcher, W., Faunt, C., Sweetkind, D.S., Blainey, J., San Juan, C.A., Laczniak, R.J., and Hill, M.C., 2006, Ground-water modeling of the Death Valley Region, Nevada and California (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2006-3120, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20063120.","productDescription":"6 p.","numberOfPages":"6","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125001,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2006_3120.jpg"},{"id":8759,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2006/3120/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Nevada","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -118.10302734374999,\n              35.02999636902566\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.7412109375,\n              35.02999636902566\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.7412109375,\n              38.324420427006544\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.10302734374999,\n              38.324420427006544\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.10302734374999,\n              35.02999636902566\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ab0e4b07f02db66d5bd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Belcher, W.R.","contributorId":30667,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belcher","given":"W.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":289559,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Faunt, C.C. 0000-0001-5659-7529","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5659-7529","contributorId":103314,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Faunt","given":"C.C.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":289565,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sweetkind, D. 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,{"id":79281,"text":"fs20063128 - 2006 - The U.S. Geological Survey Energy Resources Program","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":79281,"text":"fs20063128 - 2006 - The U.S. Geological Survey Energy Resources Program","indexId":"fs20063128","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"title":"The U.S. Geological Survey Energy Resources Program"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":98870,"text":"fs20103100 - 2010 - The U.S.Geological Survey Energy Resources Program","indexId":"fs20103100","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"title":"The U.S.Geological Survey Energy Resources Program"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":98870,"text":"fs20103100 - 2010 - The U.S.Geological Survey Energy Resources Program","indexId":"fs20103100","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"title":"The U.S.Geological Survey Energy Resources Program"},"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:12","indexId":"fs20063128","displayToPublicDate":"2006-10-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-3128","title":"The U.S. Geological Survey Energy Resources Program","docAbstract":"The United States uses tremendous amounts of geologic energy resources. In 2004 alone, the United States consumed more than 7.4 billion barrels of oil, 21.9 trillion cubic feet of natural gas, and 1.1 billion short tons of coal. Forecasts indicate the Nation's need for energy resources will continue to grow, raising several questions:\r\n\r\nHow much domestic and foreign petroleum resources are available to meet the growing energy demands of the Nation and world? \r\nDoes the United States have coal deposits of sufficient quantity and quality to meet demand over the next century? \r\nWhat other geologic energy resources can be added to the U.S. energy mix? \r\nHow do the occurrence and use of energy resources affect environmental quality and human health? \r\nUnbiased information from robust scientific studies is needed for sound energy policy and resource management decisions addressing these issues. The U.S. Geological Survey Energy Resources Program provides impartial, scientifically robust information to advance the understanding of geologically based energy resources including: petroleum (oil, natural gas, natural gas liquids), coal, gas hydrates, geothermal resources, oil shale, oil sands, uranium, and heavy oil and natural bitumen. This information can be used to contribute to plans for a secure energy future and to facilitate evaluation and responsible use of resources.\r\n","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/fs20063128","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 2006, The U.S. Geological Survey Energy Resources Program (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2006-3128, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20063128.","productDescription":"4 p.","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":125013,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2006_3128.jpg"},{"id":8762,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2006/3128/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abce4b07f02db67337e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":534821,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":79269,"text":"fs20063126 - 2006 - Review of Aquifer Storage and Recovery Performance in the Upper Floridan Aquifer in Southern Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:14","indexId":"fs20063126","displayToPublicDate":"2006-10-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-3126","title":"Review of Aquifer Storage and Recovery Performance in the Upper Floridan Aquifer in Southern Florida","docAbstract":"Introduction: Interest and activity in aquifer storage and recovery (ASR) in southern Florida has increased greatly during the past 10 to 15 years. ASR wells have been drilled to the carbonate Floridan aquifer system at 30 sites in southern Florida, mostly by local municipalities or counties located in coastal areas. The primary storage zone at these sites is contained within the brackish to saline Upper Floridan aquifer of the Floridan aquifer system. The strategy for use of ASR in southern Florida is to store excess freshwater available during the wet season in an aquifer and recover it during the dry season when needed for supplemental water supply. Each ASR cycle is defined by three periods: recharge, storage, and recovery. This fact sheet summarizes some of the findings of a second phase retrospective assessment of existing ASR facilities and sites. \r\n\r\n","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/fs20063126","usgsCitation":"Reese, R.S., 2006, Review of Aquifer Storage and Recovery Performance in the Upper Floridan Aquifer in Southern Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2006-3126, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20063126.","productDescription":"2 p.","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":120906,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2006_3126.jpg"},{"id":8749,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2006/3126/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a14e4b07f02db60289d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reese, Ronald S. rsreese@usgs.gov","contributorId":1090,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reese","given":"Ronald","email":"rsreese@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":289537,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":79280,"text":"fs20063127 - 2006 - Materials in Use in U.S. Interstate Highways","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:23","indexId":"fs20063127","displayToPublicDate":"2006-10-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-3127","title":"Materials in Use in U.S. Interstate Highways","docAbstract":"Summary:  Natural aggregates (construction sand and gravel and crushed stone) make up the largest component of nonfuel mineral materials consumed in the United States. Most of these materials are used in construction activities, such as in buildings and roads. In highways, natural aggregates are incorporated into asphalt and concrete and are used as road base.\r\n\r\n","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/fs20063127","usgsCitation":"Sullivan, D.E., 2006, Materials in Use in U.S. Interstate Highways: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2006-3127, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20063127.","productDescription":"2 p.","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":8761,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2006/3127/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":121913,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2006_3127.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a19e4b07f02db605c05","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sullivan, Daniel E.","contributorId":62198,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sullivan","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":289568,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":79251,"text":"fs20063005 - 2006 - Gulf of Mexico dead zone —The last 150 years","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-24T22:41:30.715956","indexId":"fs20063005","displayToPublicDate":"2006-10-25T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-3005","title":"Gulf of Mexico dead zone —The last 150 years","docAbstract":"'Gulf of Mexico Dead Zone-The Last 150 Years' discusses the dead zone that forms seasonally in the northern Gulf of Mexico when subsurface waters become depleted in dissolved oxygen and cannot support most life.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/fs20063005","usgsCitation":"Osterman, L., Swarzenski, P., and Poore, R., 2006, Gulf of Mexico dead zone —The last 150 years: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2006-3005, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20063005.","productDescription":"2 p.","numberOfPages":"2","temporalStart":"1856-01-01","temporalEnd":"2006-10-01","costCenters":[{"id":275,"text":"Florida Integrated Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":126613,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2006_3005.jpg"},{"id":394794,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_78138.htm"},{"id":8722,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2006/3005/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","otherGeospatial":"Gulf of Mexico","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -93.592529296875,\n              28.22697003891834\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.725341796875,\n              28.22697003891834\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.725341796875,\n              29.969211659636663\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.592529296875,\n              29.969211659636663\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.592529296875,\n              28.22697003891834\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a81e4b07f02db64a1e8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Osterman, Lisa","contributorId":6150,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Osterman","given":"Lisa","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":289480,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Swarzenski, P.W. 0000-0003-0116-0578","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0116-0578","contributorId":29487,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swarzenski","given":"P.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":289481,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Poore, R.Z.","contributorId":35314,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poore","given":"R.Z.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":289482,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":79178,"text":"fs20063112 - 2006 - Effects of Streambank Fencing of Near-Stream Pasture Land on a Small Watershed in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-06T16:26:41","indexId":"fs20063112","displayToPublicDate":"2006-09-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-3112","title":"Effects of Streambank Fencing of Near-Stream Pasture Land on a Small Watershed in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania","docAbstract":"This study indicated that a small buffer width along a stream in pasture land can have a positive influence on surface-water quality, benthic macroinvertebrates, and near-stream shallow ground-water quality. Overland runoff processes that move suspended sediment to the stream were controlled (or reduced) to some extent by the vegetative buffer established.\r\n\r\nResults indicated streambank fencing resulted in decreases in N-species, total-P, and suspended-sediment concentrations and yields at the outlet of the treatment basin relative to untreated sites; however, dissolved-P concentrations and yields increased. These results indicate that nutrient management, in conjunction with streambank fencing, is important in helping to control nutrient loadings to streams in this agricultural setting.\r\n\r\n\r\nAn upstream site (T-2) in the treatment basin showed post-treatment reductions in suspended-sediment yields and increases in N and P yields. The different results for these treated sites indicates the effects of streambank fencing should be studied at as large a scale as possible because field-scale influences on water quality as drainage area decreases can mute the effects of fencing.\r\n\r\n\r\nBenthic-macroinvertebrate data indicated streambank fencing had a positive influence on benthic macroinvertebrates and their habitat. More improvement was detected at the outlet of the treatment basin than the upstream sites. Probably the most important biological metric, taxa richness, indicated a greater number of benthic-macroinvertebrate taxa at treated relative to control sites after fencing.\r\n\r\n\r\nResults indicated fencing improved shallow ground-water quality (for the well nest in a stream-gaining area), as noted by decreased concentrations of N species and fecal-streptococcus counts. This improvement only occurred at the well nest where the stream was gaining water from the shallow ground-water system.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/fs20063112","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection","usgsCitation":"Galeone, D.G., Low, D.J., and Brightbill, R.A., 2006, Effects of Streambank Fencing of Near-Stream Pasture Land on a Small Watershed in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2006-3112, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20063112.","productDescription":"4 p.","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":124798,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2006_3112.jpg"},{"id":8673,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2006/3112/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Pennsylvania","county":"Lancaster County","otherGeospatial":"Big Spring Run Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -76.5,39.833333333333336 ], [ -76.5,41 ], [ -76.25,41 ], [ -76.25,39.833333333333336 ], [ -76.5,39.833333333333336 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ae4b07f02db624e61","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Galeone, Daniel G. 0000-0002-8007-9278 dgaleone@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8007-9278","contributorId":2301,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Galeone","given":"Daniel","email":"dgaleone@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":289305,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Low, Dennis J. djlow@usgs.gov","contributorId":3450,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Low","given":"Dennis","email":"djlow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":289306,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brightbill, Robin A. 0000-0003-4683-9656 rabright@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4683-9656","contributorId":618,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brightbill","given":"Robin","email":"rabright@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":289304,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":79177,"text":"fs20063033 - 2006 - Evaluating the effects of nearshore development on Wisconsin Lakes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:11","indexId":"fs20063033","displayToPublicDate":"2006-09-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-3033","title":"Evaluating the effects of nearshore development on Wisconsin Lakes","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/fs20063033","usgsCitation":"Hunt, R.J., Greb, S.R., and Graczyk, D., 2006, Evaluating the effects of nearshore development on Wisconsin Lakes: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2006-3033, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20063033.","productDescription":"4 p.","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":126267,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2006_3033.jpg"},{"id":8802,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2006/3033/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a09e4b07f02db5fb062","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hunt, Randall J. 0000-0001-6465-9304 rjhunt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6465-9304","contributorId":1129,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunt","given":"Randall","email":"rjhunt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":289301,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Greb, Steven R.","contributorId":29010,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Greb","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":6913,"text":"Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":289302,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Graczyk, David J.","contributorId":107265,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graczyk","given":"David J.","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":289303,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":79170,"text":"fs20063101 - 2006 - Data Delivery and Mapping Over the Web: National Water-Quality Assessment Data Warehouse","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:13:55","indexId":"fs20063101","displayToPublicDate":"2006-09-23T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-3101","title":"Data Delivery and Mapping Over the Web: National Water-Quality Assessment Data Warehouse","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey began its National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program in 1991, systematically collecting chemical, biological, and physical water-quality data from study units (basins) across the Nation. In 1999, the NAWQA Program developed a data warehouse to better facilitate national and regional analysis of data from 36 study units started in 1991 and 1994. Data from 15 study units started in 1997 were added to the warehouse in 2001. The warehouse currently contains and links the following data:\r\n\r\n    -- Chemical concentrations in water, sediment, and aquatic-organism tissues and related quality-control data from the USGS National Water Information System (NWIS),\r\n    -- Biological data for stream-habitat and ecological-community data on fish, algae, and benthic invertebrates,\r\n    -- Site, well, and basin information associated with thousands of descriptive variables derived from spatial analysis, like land use, soil, and population density, and\r\n    -- Daily streamflow and temperature information from NWIS for selected sampling sites.\r\n\r\n","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/fs20063101","usgsCitation":"Bell, R.W., and Williamson, A.K., 2006, Data Delivery and Mapping Over the Web: National Water-Quality Assessment Data Warehouse (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2006-3101, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20063101.","productDescription":"6 p.","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":121044,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2006_3101.jpg"},{"id":8625,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2006/3101/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acce4b07f02db67e64b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bell, Richard W.","contributorId":44141,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bell","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":289288,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Williamson, Alex K.","contributorId":36543,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williamson","given":"Alex","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":289287,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":79155,"text":"fs20063107 - 2006 - The National Map: Topographic Maps for the 21st Century","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":30758,"text":"fs01802 - 2002 - The National Map: Topographic Maps for the 21st Century","indexId":"fs01802","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"title":"The National Map: Topographic Maps for the 21st Century"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":79155,"text":"fs20063107 - 2006 - The National Map: Topographic Maps for the 21st Century","indexId":"fs20063107","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"title":"The National Map: Topographic Maps for the 21st Century"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-04-15T17:28:14","indexId":"fs20063107","displayToPublicDate":"2006-09-20T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-3107","title":"The National Map: Topographic Maps for the 21st Century","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) is committed to meeting the Nation's needs for current base geographic data and maps. Our vision is that, by working with partners, we will provide the Nation with access to current, accurate, and nationally consistent digital data and topographic maps derived from those data. This synthesis of information, products, and capabilities, The National Map, will be a seamless, continuously maintained set of geographic base information that will serve as a foundation for integrating, sharing, and using other data easily and consistently.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/fs20063107","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 2006, The National Map: Topographic Maps for the 21st Century: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2006-3107, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20063107.","productDescription":"2 p.","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":254658,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2006_3107.gif"},{"id":254431,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://erg.usgs.gov/isb/pubs/factsheets/fs20063107/fs2006-3107.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":246713,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2006/3107/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac7e4b07f02db67aff5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":534814,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":79151,"text":"fs20063017 - 2006 - Mid-Continent Geographic Science Center Natural Hazards Research - Landslides","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-29T17:02:31","indexId":"fs20063017","displayToPublicDate":"2006-09-20T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-3017","title":"Mid-Continent Geographic Science Center Natural Hazards Research - Landslides","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/fs20063017","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 2006, Mid-Continent Geographic Science Center Natural Hazards Research - Landslides: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2006-3017, 1 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20063017.","productDescription":"1 p.","numberOfPages":"1","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":121239,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2006_3017.jpg"},{"id":8604,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2006/3017/fs2006-3017.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":8601,"rank":200,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2006/3017/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a58e4b07f02db62e9da","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":534811,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":79156,"text":"fs20063109 - 2006 - Grand Canyon Humpback Chub Population Stabilizing","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:13:56","indexId":"fs20063109","displayToPublicDate":"2006-09-20T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-3109","title":"Grand Canyon Humpback Chub Population Stabilizing","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/fs20063109","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 2006, Grand Canyon Humpback Chub Population Stabilizing: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2006-3109, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20063109.","productDescription":"2 p.","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[{"id":322,"text":"Grand Canyon Monitoring and Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":120846,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2006_3109.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abbe4b07f02db67279a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":534815,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":79152,"text":"fs20063058 - 2006 - The Mid-Continent Geographic Science Center","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-29T17:02:31","indexId":"fs20063058","displayToPublicDate":"2006-09-20T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-3058","title":"The Mid-Continent Geographic Science Center","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/fs20063058","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 2006, The Mid-Continent Geographic Science Center: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2006-3058, 1 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20063058.","productDescription":"1 p.","numberOfPages":"1","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":121043,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2006_3058.jpg"},{"id":8602,"rank":200,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2006/3058/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":8603,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2006/3058/fs2006-3058.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac8e4b07f02db67b909","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":534812,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":79154,"text":"fs20063104 - 2006 - Palila Restoration: Lessons from Long-term Research","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:17","indexId":"fs20063104","displayToPublicDate":"2006-09-20T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-3104","title":"Palila Restoration: Lessons from Long-term Research","docAbstract":"BACKGROUND\r\n\r\nThe palila (Loxioides bailleui) is a member of the Hawaiian honeycreeper family of birds (Drepanidinae), which is renowned for the profusion of species - many with bizarre bills and specialized feeding habits - that radiated from a single ancestral type. Most of the 57 or so honeycreeper species are extinct, and the palila is endangered because of its high degree of dependence on the mamane tree (Sophora chrysophylla) (Figure 1) and its restricted distribution on the upper slopes of Mauna Kea (Figure 2). Three decades of research have revealed many important facts about palila, providing the foundation and impetus for conservation programs in the wild and captivity. Additionally, an ambitious public conservation campaign arose due to the land-use conflicts on Mauna Kea. Here we summarize progress in palila conservation biology and outline steps that might overcome the remaining major challenges to its recovery. We also highlight lessons learned from palila research that may help the recovery of other Hawaiian forest birds.\r\n\r\nPalila and two closely-related species on the tiny islands of Nihoa and Laysan are the last of the seed-eating honeycreeper species in the Hawaiian Islands. About a quarter of the honeycreeper species known from living and fossil specimens had finch-like bills suited mainly for eating seeds and fruits. Because of their dietary specialization, palila are vulnerable to changes in forest size and quality, as was also likely the case for extinct species of seed specialists. Palila and many other forest bird species were once distributed in dry, lowland forests. Fossil records indicate that palila also occurred in the lowlands of O`ahu and Kaua`i until human settlement of those islands. However, because lowland habitats have been highly modified by humans and because mamane occurs today primarily at high elevation, palila are the only native bird species found exclusively in dry, subalpine habitat (2000?2850 m). Similar to other feeding specialists, palila lay few eggs, raise few young each year, and take a relatively long time to complete the nesting cycle. Low rates of reproduction result in low rates of population growth and low potential for recovery from disturbances.\r\n\r\nLong-term studies of palila offer important insights into the conservation biology of all Hawaiian forest bird species, particularly feeding specialists like the palila. Palila face many challenges common to both generalist and specialist Hawaiian honeycreeper species. Habitat loss and degradation, as well as introduced avian diseases, have reduced their numbers and limited their distribution to a very small portion of their historic range. Introduced mammals prey on palila, while alien insects reduce caterpillars that are particularly important in the diet of nestlings. Securing legal protection and funding for palila restoration has been challenging. Understanding how the palila has avoided extinction can help managers plan its recovery, and better design recovery plans for species with different feeding strategies in other habitats.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/fs20063104","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 2006, Palila Restoration: Lessons from Long-term Research: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2006-3104, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20063104.","productDescription":"4 p.","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":124465,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2006_3104.jpg"},{"id":8607,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://biology.usgs.gov/pierc/Fact_Sheets/Palila.pdf","size":"1075","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae3e4b07f02db6897e6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":534813,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
]}