{"pageNumber":"741","pageRowStart":"18500","pageSize":"25","recordCount":40783,"records":[{"id":70003613,"text":"70003613 - 2011 - Effects of fire on spotted owl site occupancy in a late-successional forest","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-06T16:18:08.296536","indexId":"70003613","displayToPublicDate":"2011-08-19T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1015,"text":"Biological Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of fire on spotted owl site occupancy in a late-successional forest","docAbstract":"<p><span>The spotted owl (</span><span><i>Strix occidentalis</i></span><span>) is a late-successional forest dependent species that is sensitive to forest management practices throughout its range. An increase in the frequency and spatial extent of stand-replacing fires in western North America has prompted concern for the persistence of spotted owls and other sensitive late-successional forest associated species. However, there is sparse information on the effects of fire on spotted owls to guide conservation policies. In 2004–2005, we surveyed for California spotted owls during the&nbsp;breeding season&nbsp;at 32 random sites (16 burned, 16 unburned) throughout late-successional&nbsp;montane forest&nbsp;in Yosemite National Park, California. Our burned areas burned at all severities, but predominately involved low to moderate&nbsp;fire severity. Based on an information theoretic approach, spotted owl detection and occupancy rates were similar between burned and unburned sites. Nest and&nbsp;roost site&nbsp;occupancy was best explained by a model that combined total tree&nbsp;basal area&nbsp;(positive effect) with cover by&nbsp;coarse woody debris&nbsp;(negative effect). The density estimates of California spotted owl pairs were similar in burned and unburned forests, and the overall mean density estimate for Yosemite was higher than previously reported for montane forests. Our results indicate that low to moderate severity fires, historically common within montane forests of the Sierra Nevada, California, maintain habitat characteristics essential for spotted owl site occupancy. These results suggest that managed fires that emulate the historic fire regime of these forests may maintain spotted owl habitat and protect this species from the effects of future catastrophic fires.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/j.biocon.2010.11.002","usgsCitation":"Roberts, S.L., van Wagtendonk, J., Miles, A.K., and Kelt, D.A., 2011, Effects of fire on spotted owl site occupancy in a late-successional forest: Biological Conservation, v. 144, no. 1, p. 610-619, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2010.11.002.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"610","endPage":"619","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":203975,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Yosemite National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -119.91577148437499,\n              37.46613860234406\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.16870117187501,\n              37.46613860234406\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.16870117187501,\n              38.20365531807149\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.91577148437499,\n              38.20365531807149\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.91577148437499,\n              37.46613860234406\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"144","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2ee4b07f02db6158be","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Roberts, Susan L.","contributorId":85312,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roberts","given":"Susan","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347957,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"van Wagtendonk, Jan W. 0000-0002-0788-2654","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0788-2654","contributorId":98269,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"van Wagtendonk","given":"Jan W.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":347959,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Miles, A. Keith 0000-0002-3108-808X keith_miles@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3108-808X","contributorId":196,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miles","given":"A.","email":"keith_miles@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Keith","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":347956,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kelt, Douglas A.","contributorId":97232,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kelt","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347958,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70004665,"text":"70004665 - 2011 - Effects of large-scale wildfire on ground foraging ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in southern California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-12T23:35:35.179848","indexId":"70004665","displayToPublicDate":"2011-08-19T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1536,"text":"Environmental Entomology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of large-scale wildfire on ground foraging ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in southern California","docAbstract":"<p><span>We investigated the effect of broad-scale wildfire on ground foraging ants within southern California. In October and November of 2003, two wildfires burned large portions of the wildlands within San Diego County. Between January 2005 and September 2006, we surveyed 63 plots across four sites to measure the effect of the fires on the ant assemblages present in four vegetation types: 1) coastal sage scrub, 2) chaparral, 3) grassland, and 4) woodland riparian. Thirty-six of the 63 plots were sampled before the fires between March 2001 and June 2003. Mixed model regression analyses, accounting for the burn history of each plot and our pre- and postfire sampling efforts, revealed that fire had a negative effect on ant species diversity. Multivariate analyses showed that ant community structure varied significantly among the four vegetation types, and only the ant assemblage associated with coastal sage scrub exhibited a significant difference between burned and unburned samples. The most notable change detected at the individual species level involved Messor andrei (Mayr), which increased from &lt;1% of prefire coastal sage scrub ant samples to 32.1% in burned plots postfire. We theorize that M. andrei responded to the increase of bare ground and postfire seed production, leading to an increase in the detection rate for this species. Collectively, our results suggest that wildfires can have short-term impacts on the diversity and community structure of ground foraging ants in coastal sage scrub. We discuss these findings in relation to management implications and directions for future research.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Entomological Society of America","doi":"10.1603/EN10061","usgsCitation":"Matsuda, T., Turschak, G., Brehme, C., Rochester, C., Mitrovich, M., and Fisher, R., 2011, Effects of large-scale wildfire on ground foraging ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in southern California: Environmental Entomology, v. 40, no. 2, p. 204-216, https://doi.org/10.1603/EN10061.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"204","endPage":"216","numberOfPages":"13","temporalStart":"2003-10-01","temporalEnd":"2006-09-30","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":203971,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"San Diego County","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -117.6141357421875,\n              32.52597362010653\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.08154296875001,\n              32.52597362010653\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.08154296875001,\n              33.454359789517014\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.6141357421875,\n              33.454359789517014\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.6141357421875,\n              32.52597362010653\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"40","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a29e4b07f02db611d04","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Matsuda, Tritia","contributorId":10913,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Matsuda","given":"Tritia","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351050,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Turschak, Greta","contributorId":47071,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Turschak","given":"Greta","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351052,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brehme, Cheryl","contributorId":93586,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brehme","given":"Cheryl","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351054,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rochester, Carlton","contributorId":108209,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rochester","given":"Carlton","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351055,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mitrovich, Milan","contributorId":14101,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mitrovich","given":"Milan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351051,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Fisher, Robert","contributorId":87239,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisher","given":"Robert","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351053,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70003647,"text":"70003647 - 2011 - Improved electron probe microanalysis of trace elements in quartz","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-04T13:31:08.886412","indexId":"70003647","displayToPublicDate":"2011-08-19T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":738,"text":"American Mineralogist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Improved electron probe microanalysis of trace elements in quartz","docAbstract":"Quartz occurs in a wide range of geologic environments throughout the Earth's crust. The concentration and distribution of trace elements in quartz provide information such as temperature and other physical conditions of formation. Trace element analyses with modern electron-probe microanalysis (EPMA) instruments can achieve 99% confidence detection of ~100 ppm with fairly minimal effort for many elements in samples of low to moderate average atomic number such as many common oxides and silicates. However, trace element measurements below 100 ppm in many materials are limited, not only by the precision of the background measurement, but also by the accuracy with which background levels are determined. A new \"blank\" correction algorithm has been developed and tested on both Cameca and JEOL instruments, which applies a quantitative correction to the emitted X-ray intensities during the iteration of the sample matrix correction based on a zero level (or known trace) abundance calibration standard. This iterated blank correction, when combined with improved background fit models, and an \"aggregate\" intensity calculation utilizing multiple spectrometer intensities in software for greater geometric efficiency, yields a detection limit of 2 to 3 ppm for Ti and 6 to 7 ppm for Al in quartz at 99% t-test confidence with similar levels for absolute accuracy.","language":"English","publisher":"Mineralogical Society of America","publisherLocation":"Chantilly, VA","doi":"10.2138/am.2011.3631","usgsCitation":"Donovan, J., Lowers, H., and Rusk, B.G., 2011, Improved electron probe microanalysis of trace elements in quartz: American Mineralogist, v. 96, no. 2-3, p. 274-282, https://doi.org/10.2138/am.2011.3631.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"274","endPage":"282","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":204001,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"96","issue":"2-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-02-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fce4b07f02db5f5c29","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Donovan, John J.","contributorId":86091,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Donovan","given":"John J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348150,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lowers, Heather 0000-0001-5360-9264 hlowers@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5360-9264","contributorId":710,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lowers","given":"Heather","email":"hlowers@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":348148,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rusk, Brian G.","contributorId":23648,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rusk","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348149,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70005227,"text":"pp1774 - 2011 - Field evaluation of the error arising from inadequate time averaging in the standard use of depth-integrating suspended-sediment samplers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-21T15:47:50","indexId":"pp1774","displayToPublicDate":"2011-08-19T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1774","title":"Field evaluation of the error arising from inadequate time averaging in the standard use of depth-integrating suspended-sediment samplers","docAbstract":"Several common methods for measuring suspended-sediment concentration in rivers in the United States use depth-integrating samplers to collect a velocity-weighted suspended-sediment sample in a subsample of a river cross section. Because depth-integrating samplers are always moving through the water column as they collect a sample, and can collect only a limited volume of water and suspended sediment, they collect only minimally time-averaged data. Four sources of error exist in the field use of these samplers: (1) bed contamination, (2) pressure-driven inrush, (3) inadequate sampling of the cross-stream spatial structure in suspended-sediment concentration, and (4) inadequate time averaging. The first two of these errors arise from misuse of suspended-sediment samplers, and the third has been the subject of previous study using data collected in the sand-bedded Middle Loup River in Nebraska. Of these four sources of error, the least understood source of error arises from the fact that depth-integrating samplers collect only minimally time-averaged data. To evaluate this fourth source of error, we collected suspended-sediment data between 1995 and 2007 at four sites on the Colorado River in Utah and Arizona, using a P-61 suspended-sediment sampler deployed in both point- and one-way depth-integrating modes, and D-96-A1 and D-77 bag-type depth-integrating suspended-sediment samplers. These data indicate that the minimal duration of time averaging during standard field operation of depth-integrating samplers leads to an error that is comparable in magnitude to that arising from inadequate sampling of the cross-stream spatial structure in suspended-sediment concentration. This random error arising from inadequate time averaging is positively correlated with grain size and does not largely depend on flow conditions or, for a given size class of suspended sediment, on elevation above the bed. Averaging over time scales >1 minute is the likely minimum duration required to result in substantial decreases in this error. During standard two-way depth integration, a depth-integrating suspended-sediment sampler collects a sample of the water-sediment mixture during two transits at each vertical in a cross section: one transit while moving from the water surface to the bed, and another transit while moving from the bed to the water surface. As the number of transits is doubled at an individual vertical, this error is reduced by ~30 percent in each size class of suspended sediment. For a given size class of suspended sediment, the error arising from inadequate sampling of the cross-stream spatial structure in suspended-sediment concentration depends only on the number of verticals collected, whereas the error arising from inadequate time averaging depends on both the number of verticals collected and the number of transits collected at each vertical. Summing these two errors in quadrature yields a total uncertainty in an equal-discharge-increment (EDI) or equal-width-increment (EWI) measurement of the time-averaged velocity-weighted suspended-sediment concentration in a river cross section (exclusive of any laboratory-processing errors). By virtue of how the number of verticals and transits influences the two individual errors within this total uncertainty, the error arising from inadequate time averaging slightly dominates that arising from inadequate sampling of the cross-stream spatial structure in suspended-sediment concentration. Adding verticals to an EDI or EWI measurement is slightly more effective in reducing the total uncertainty than adding transits only at each vertical, because a new vertical contributes both temporal and spatial information. However, because collection of depth-integrated samples at more transits at each vertical is generally easier and faster than at more verticals, addition of a combination of verticals and transits is likely a more practical approach to reducing the total uncertainty in most field situatio","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/pp1774","usgsCitation":"Topping, D.J., Rubin, D.M., Wright, S., and Melis, T., 2011, Field evaluation of the error arising from inadequate time averaging in the standard use of depth-integrating suspended-sediment samplers: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1774, vii, 52 p.; Appendices, https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1774.","productDescription":"vii, 52 p.; Appendices","startPage":"i","endPage":"95","numberOfPages":"102","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116977,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/pp_1774.gif"},{"id":91755,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1774/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -120,30 ], [ -120,44 ], [ -103,44 ], [ -103,30 ], [ -120,30 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49b4e4b07f02db5caf3b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Topping, David J. 0000-0002-2104-4577 dtopping@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2104-4577","contributorId":715,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Topping","given":"David","email":"dtopping@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":352103,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rubin, David M. 0000-0003-1169-1452 drubin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1169-1452","contributorId":3159,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rubin","given":"David","email":"drubin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":352102,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wright, Scott 0000-0002-0387-5713 sawright@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0387-5713","contributorId":1536,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"Scott","email":"sawright@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":352100,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Melis, Theodore S. 0000-0003-0473-3968 tmelis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0473-3968","contributorId":1829,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Melis","given":"Theodore S.","email":"tmelis@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":352101,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70004031,"text":"70004031 - 2011 - Formation dynamics of subsurface hydrocarbon intrusions following the Deepwater Horizon blowout","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-25T21:43:03.102819","indexId":"70004031","displayToPublicDate":"2011-08-19T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Formation dynamics of subsurface hydrocarbon intrusions following the Deepwater Horizon blowout","docAbstract":"<p><span>Hydrocarbons released following the Deepwater Horizon (DH) blowout were found in deep, subsurface horizontal intrusions, yet there has been little discussion about how these intrusions formed. We have combined measured (or estimated) observations from the DH release with empirical relationships developed from previous lab experiments to identify the mechanisms responsible for intrusion formation and to characterize the DH plume. Results indicate that the intrusions originate from a stratification‐dominated multiphase plume characterized by multiple subsurface intrusions containing dissolved gas and oil along with small droplets of liquid oil. Unlike earlier lab measurements, where the potential density in ambient water decreased linearly with elevation, at the DH site it varied quadratically. We have modified our method for estimating intrusion elevation under these conditions and the resulting estimates agree with observations that the majority of the hydrocarbons were found between 800 and 1200 m.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1029/2011GL047174","usgsCitation":"Socolofsky, S.A., Adams, E.E., and Sherwood, C.R., 2011, Formation dynamics of subsurface hydrocarbon intrusions following the Deepwater Horizon blowout: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 38, no. 9, L09602, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2011GL047174.","productDescription":"L09602, 6 p.","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474931,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2011gl047174","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":204123,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Gulf of Mexico","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -92.977294921875,\n              25.799891182088334\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.462158203125,\n              25.799891182088334\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.462158203125,\n              29.391747742992806\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.977294921875,\n              29.391747742992806\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.977294921875,\n              25.799891182088334\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"38","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-05-12","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6ae40f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Socolofsky, Scott A.","contributorId":93181,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Socolofsky","given":"Scott","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350232,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Adams, E. Eric","contributorId":14561,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adams","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"Eric","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350231,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sherwood, Christopher R. 0000-0001-6135-3553 csherwood@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6135-3553","contributorId":2866,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sherwood","given":"Christopher","email":"csherwood@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":350230,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70004646,"text":"70004646 - 2011 - Ecological influence and pathways of land use in sagebrush","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-29T09:55:16","indexId":"70004646","displayToPublicDate":"2011-08-19T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Ecological influence and pathways of land use in sagebrush","docAbstract":"Land use in sagebrush (Artemisia spp.) landscapes influences all sage-grouse (Centrocer-cus spp.) populations in western North America. Croplands and the network of irrigation canals cover 230,000 km2 and indirectly influence up to 77% of the Sage-Grouse Conservation Area and 73% of sagebrush land cover by subsidizing synanthropic predators on sage-grouse. Urbanization and the demands of human population growth have created an extensive network of con-necting infrastructure that is expanding its influence on sagebrush landscapes. Over 2,500 km<sup>2</sup> are now covered by interstate highways and paved roads; when secondary roads are included, 15% of the Sage-Grouse Conservation Area and 5% of existing sagebrush habitats are 2.5 km from roads. Density of secondary roads often exceeds 5 km/km<sup>2</sup>, resulting in widespread motorized access for recreation, creating extensive travel corridors for management actions and resource development, subsidizing predators adapted to human presence, and facilitating spread of exotic or invasive plants. Sagebrush lands also are being used for their wilderness and recreation values, including off highway vehicle use. Approximately 12,000,000 animal use months (AUM amount of forage to support one livestock unit per month) are permitted for grazing livestock on public lands in the western states. Direct effects of grazing on sage-grouse populations or sagebrush landscapes are not possible to assess from current data. However, management of lands grazed by livestock has influenced sagebrush ecosystems by vegetation treatments to increase forage and reduce sagebrush and other plant species unpalatable to livestock. Fences (2 km/km<sup>2</sup> in some regions), roads, and water developments to manage livestock movements further modify the landscape. Oil and gas development influences 8% of the sagebrush habitats with the highest intensities occurring in the eastern range of sage-grouse; 20% of the sagebrush distribution is indirectly influenced in the Great Plains, Wyoming Basin, and Colorado Plateau SMZs. Energy development physically removes habitat to construct well pads, roads, power lines, and pipelines; indirect effects include habitat fragmentation, soil disturbance, and facilitation of exotic plant and animal spread. More recent development of alternative energy, such as wind and geothermal, creates infrastructure in new regions of the sage-grouse distribution. Land use will continue to be a dominant stressor on sage-brush systems; its individual and cumulative effects will challenge long-term conservation of sage-grouse populations.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Greater sage-grouse: Ecology and conservation of a landscape species and its habitats","language":"English","publisher":"University of California Press","publisherLocation":"Berkeley, CA","usgsCitation":"Knick, S.T., Hanser, S.E., Miller, R., Pyke, D.A., Wisdom, M.J., Finn, S.P., Rinkes, E.T., and Henny, C.J., 2011, Ecological influence and pathways of land use in sagebrush, chap. <i>of</i> Greater sage-grouse: Ecology and conservation of a landscape species and its habitats, v. 38, p. 203-252.","productDescription":"50 p.","startPage":"203","endPage":"252","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":203932,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":91758,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.ucpress.edu/book.php?isbn=9780520267114","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"otherGeospatial":"North America","volume":"38","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ee4b07f02db627fdd","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Knick, Steven T. 0000-0003-4025-1704 steve_knick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4025-1704","contributorId":159,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knick","given":"Steven","email":"steve_knick@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":508252,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Connelly, John W.","contributorId":32391,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Connelly","given":"John W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":508253,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Knick, Steven T. 0000-0003-4025-1704 steve_knick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4025-1704","contributorId":159,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knick","given":"Steven","email":"steve_knick@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":350936,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hanser, Steven E.","contributorId":99273,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanser","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350942,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Miller, Richard F.","contributorId":12964,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Richard F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350939,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pyke, David A. 0000-0002-4578-8335 david_a_pyke@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4578-8335","contributorId":3118,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pyke","given":"David","email":"david_a_pyke@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":350937,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wisdom, Michael J.","contributorId":63934,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wisdom","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350941,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Finn, Sean P.","contributorId":106623,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finn","given":"Sean","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350943,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Rinkes, E. Thomas","contributorId":46675,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rinkes","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"Thomas","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350940,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Henny, Charles J. 0000-0001-7474-350X hennyc@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7474-350X","contributorId":3461,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henny","given":"Charles","email":"hennyc@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":350938,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70005217,"text":"ofr20111197 - 2011 - Probability and volume of potential postwildfire debris flows in the 2011 Horseshoe II burn area, southeastern Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:59","indexId":"ofr20111197","displayToPublicDate":"2011-08-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-1197","title":"Probability and volume of potential postwildfire debris flows in the 2011 Horseshoe II burn area, southeastern Arizona","docAbstract":"This report presents a preliminary emergency assessment of the debris-flow hazards from drainage basins burned in 2011 by the Horseshoe II wildfire in southeastern Arizona. Empirical models derived from statistical evaluation of data collected from recently burned drainage basins throughout the intermountain western United States were used to estimate the probability of debris-flow occurrence and debris-flows volumes for selected drainage basins. Input for the models include measures of burn severity, topographic characteristics, soil properties, and rainfall total and intensity for a (1) 2-year-recurrence, 30-minute-duration rainfall, (2) 5-year-recurrence, 30-minute-duration rainfall, and (3) 10-year-recurrence, 30-minute-duration rainfall.\r\n\r\n  Estimated debris-flow probabilities in the drainage basins of interest ranged from less than 1 percent in response to the 2-year-recurrence, 30-minute-duration rainfall to a high of 100 percent in response to the 10-year-recurrence, 30-minute-duration rainfall. The high probabilities in all modeled drainage basins are likely due to the abundance of steep hillslopes and the extensive areas burned at moderate to high severities. The estimated debris-flow volumes ranged from a low of 20 cubic meters to a high of greater than 100,000 cubic meters.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20111197","usgsCitation":"Ruddy, B.C., 2011, Probability and volume of potential postwildfire debris flows in the 2011 Horseshoe II burn area, southeastern Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1197, iv, 10 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111197.","productDescription":"iv, 10 p.","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125969,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2011_1197.jpg"},{"id":91746,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1197/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -109.5,31.666666666666668 ], [ -109.5,32.333333333333336 ], [ -109,32.333333333333336 ], [ -109,31.666666666666668 ], [ -109.5,31.666666666666668 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a8be4b07f02db651750","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ruddy, Barbara C. bcruddy@usgs.gov","contributorId":4163,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruddy","given":"Barbara","email":"bcruddy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":352080,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70003903,"text":"70003903 - 2011 - Identifying structural elements needed for development of a predictive life-history model for pallid and shovelnose sturgeons","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-02T14:17:28","indexId":"70003903","displayToPublicDate":"2011-08-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2166,"text":"Journal of Applied Ichthyology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Identifying structural elements needed for development of a predictive life-history model for pallid and shovelnose sturgeons","docAbstract":"<p><span>Intensive management of the Missouri and Mississippi Rivers has resulted in dramatic changes to the river systems and their biota. These changes have been implicated in the decline of the pallid sturgeon (</span><i>Scaphirhynchus albus</i><span>), which has been listed as a United States federal endangered species. The sympatric shovelnose sturgeon (</span><i>S.&nbsp;platorynchus</i><span>) is more common and widespread but has also been in decline. The decline of pallid sturgeon is considered symptomatic of poor reproductive success and low or no recruitment. In order to organize information about these species and provide a basis for future development of a predictive model to help guide recovery efforts, we present an expert-vetted, conceptual life-history framework that incorporates the factors that affect reproduction, growth, and survival of shovelnose and pallid sturgeons.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","publisherLocation":"Hoboken, NJ","doi":"10.1111/j.1439-0426.2011.01731.x","usgsCitation":"Wildhaber, M.L., DeLonay, A., Papoulias, D., Galat, D., Jacobson, R., Simpkins, D., Braaten, P., Korschgen, C.E., and Mac, M., 2011, Identifying structural elements needed for development of a predictive life-history model for pallid and shovelnose sturgeons: Journal of Applied Ichthyology, v. 27, no. 2, p. 462-469, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0426.2011.01731.x.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"462","endPage":"469","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research 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B.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":349410,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Simpkins, D.G.","contributorId":80027,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simpkins","given":"D.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349409,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Braaten, P.J.","contributorId":98857,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Braaten","given":"P.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349411,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Korschgen, C. E.","contributorId":9197,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Korschgen","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349404,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Mac, M. J.","contributorId":44492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mac","given":"M. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349406,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":70005210,"text":"sir20115128 - 2011 - Updated one-dimensional hydraulic model of the Kootenai River, Idaho: A supplement to Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5110","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-14T22:33:46.757182","indexId":"sir20115128","displayToPublicDate":"2011-08-17T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-5128","title":"Updated one-dimensional hydraulic model of the Kootenai River, Idaho: A supplement to Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5110","docAbstract":"The Kootenai Tribe of Idaho, in cooperation with local, State, Federal, and Canadian agency co-managers and scientists, is assessing the feasibility of a Kootenai River habitat restoration project in Boundary County, Idaho. The restoration project is focused on recovery of the endangered Kootenai River white sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus) population, and simultaneously targets habitat-based recovery of other native river biota. River restoration is a complex undertaking that requires a thorough understanding of the river and floodplain landscape prior to restoration efforts. To assist in evaluating the feasibility of this endeavor, the U.S. Geological Survey developed an updated one-dimensional hydraulic model of the Kootenai River in Idaho between river miles (RMs) 105.6 and 171.9 to characterize the current hydraulic conditions. A previously calibrated model of the study area, based on channel geometry data collected during 2002 and 2003, was the basis for this updated model. New high-resolution bathymetric surveys conducted in the study reach between RMs 138 and 161.4 provided additional detail of channel morphology. A light detection and ranging (LIDAR) survey was flown in the Kootenai River valley in 2005 between RMs 105.6 and 159.5 to characterize the floodplain topography. Six temporary gaging stations installed in 2006-08 between RMs 154.1 and 161.2, combined with five permanent gaging stations in the study reach, provided discharge and water-surface elevations for model calibration and verification. Measured discharges ranging from about 4,800 to 63,000 cubic feet per second (ft<sup>3</sup>/s) were simulated for calibration events, and calibrated water-surface elevations ranged from about 1,745 to 1,820 feet (ft) throughout the extent of the model. Calibration was considered acceptable when the simulated and measured water-surface elevations at gaging stations differed by less than (+/-)0.15 ft. Model verification consisted of simulating 10 additional events with measured discharges ranging from about 4,900 to 52,000 ft<sup>3</sup>/s, and comparing simulated and measured water-surface elevations at gaging stations. Average water-surface-elevation error in the verification simulations was 0.05 ft, with the error ranging from -1.17 to 0.94 ft over the range of events and gaging stations. Additional verification included a graphical comparison of measured average velocities that range from 1.0 to 6.2 feet per second to simulated velocities at four sites within the study reach for measured discharges ranging from about 7,400 to 46,600 ft<sup>3</sup>/s. The availability of high-resolution bathymetric and LIDAR data, along with the additional gaging stations in the study reach, allowed for more detail to be added to the model and a more thorough calibration, sensitivity, and verification analysis to be conducted. Model resolution and performance is most improved between RMs 140 and 160, which includes the 18.3-mile reach of the Kootenai River white sturgeon critical habitat.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20115128","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Kootenai Tribe of Idaho and the Bonneville Power Administration","usgsCitation":"Czuba, C.R., and Barton, G., 2011, Updated one-dimensional hydraulic model of the Kootenai River, Idaho: A supplement to Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5110: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5128, vi, 36 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20115128.","productDescription":"vi, 36 p.","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":410515,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_95415.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":91756,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5128/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":126232,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2011_5128.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","otherGeospatial":"Kootenai River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -116.0453,\n              48.7264\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.2,\n              48.7264\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.2,\n              48.61\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.0453,\n              48.61\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.0453,\n              48.7264\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a25e4b07f02db60eb21","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Czuba, Christiana R. cczuba@usgs.gov","contributorId":4555,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Czuba","given":"Christiana","email":"cczuba@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":352070,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barton, Gary J. gbarton@usgs.gov","contributorId":1147,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barton","given":"Gary J.","email":"gbarton@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":352069,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70035989,"text":"70035989 - 2011 - Multispecies modeling for adaptive management of horseshoe crabs and red knots in the Delaware Bay","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-22T00:11:13.006422","indexId":"70035989","displayToPublicDate":"2011-08-17T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2827,"text":"Natural Resource Modeling","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Multispecies modeling for adaptive management of horseshoe crabs and red knots in the Delaware Bay","docAbstract":"<p><span>Adaptive management requires that predictive models be explicit and transparent to improve decisions by comparing management actions, directing further research and monitoring, and facilitating learning. The rufa subspecies of red knots (</span><i>Calidris canutus rufa</i><span>), which has recently exhibited steep population declines, relies on horseshoe crab (</span><i>Limulus polyphemus</i><span>) eggs as their primary food source during stopover in Delaware Bay during spring migration. We present a model with two different parameterizations for use in the adaptive management of horseshoe crab harvests in the Delaware Bay that links red knot mass gain, annual survival, and fecundity to horseshoe crab dynamics. The models reflect prevailing hypotheses regarding ecological links between these two species. When reported crab harvest from 1998 to 2008 was applied, projections corresponded to the observed red knot population abundances depending on strengths of the demographic relationship between these species. We compared different simulated horseshoe crab harvest strategies to evaluate whether, given this model, horseshoe crab harvest management can affect red knot conservation and found that restricting harvest can benefit red knot populations. Our model is the first to explicitly and quantitatively link these two species and will be used within an adaptive management framework to manage the Delaware Bay system and learn more about the specific nature of the linkage between the two species.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1939-7445.2010.00085.x","usgsCitation":"McGowan, C., Smith, D.R., Sweka, J., Martin, J., Nichols, J.D., Wong, R., Lyons, J.E., Niles, L.J., Kalasz, K., Brust, J., Klopfer, M., and Spear, B., 2011, Multispecies modeling for adaptive management of horseshoe crabs and red knots in the Delaware Bay: Natural Resource Modeling, v. 24, no. 1, p. 117-156, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1939-7445.2010.00085.x.","productDescription":"40 p.","startPage":"117","endPage":"156","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":244317,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Delaware, New Jersey","otherGeospatial":"Delaware Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -75.662841796875,\n              39.614152077002664\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.73974609375,\n              39.27478966170308\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.59692382812499,\n              38.676933444637925\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.94873046875,\n              38.60828592850559\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.542236328125,\n              38.950865400919994\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.8828125,\n              39.342794408952365\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.662841796875,\n              39.614152077002664\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"24","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-01-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a60a0e4b0c8380cd715ac","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McGowan, Conor P. 0000-0002-7330-9581 cmcgowan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7330-9581","contributorId":3381,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGowan","given":"Conor P.","email":"cmcgowan@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":453495,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, David R. 0000-0001-6074-9257 drsmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6074-9257","contributorId":168442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"David","email":"drsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":453499,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sweka, J. A.","contributorId":15015,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sweka","given":"J. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453492,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Martin, Julien 0000-0002-7375-129X julienmartin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7375-129X","contributorId":5785,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"Julien","email":"julienmartin@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":453494,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Nichols, James D. 0000-0002-7631-2890 jnichols@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7631-2890","contributorId":200533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"James","email":"jnichols@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":453491,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Wong, R.","contributorId":48834,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wong","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453500,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Lyons, J. E.","contributorId":15145,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lyons","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453493,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Niles, L. J.","contributorId":42060,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Niles","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453497,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Kalasz, K.","contributorId":41296,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kalasz","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453496,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Brust, J.","contributorId":91755,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brust","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453502,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Klopfer, M.","contributorId":43637,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Klopfer","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453498,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Spear, B.","contributorId":84639,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spear","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453501,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}}
,{"id":70036139,"text":"70036139 - 2011 - Structured decision making as a proactive approach to dealing with sea level rise in Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-09T17:10:07.424125","indexId":"70036139","displayToPublicDate":"2011-08-17T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1252,"text":"Climatic Change","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Structured decision making as a proactive approach to dealing with sea level rise in Florida","docAbstract":"<p><span>Sea level rise (SLR) projections along the coast of Florida present an enormous challenge for management and conservation over the long term. Decision makers need to recognize and adopt strategies to adapt to the potentially detrimental effects of SLR. Structured decision making (SDM) provides a rigorous framework for the management of natural resources. The aim of SDM is to identify decisions that are optimal with respect to management objectives and knowledge of the system. Most applications of SDM have assumed that the managed systems are governed by stationary processes. However, in the context of SLR it may be necessary to acknowledge that the processes underlying managed systems may be non-stationary, such that systems will be continuously changing. Therefore, SLR brings some unique considerations to the application of decision theory for natural resource management. In particular, SLR is expected to affect each of the components of SDM. For instance, management objectives may have to be reconsidered more frequently than under more stable conditions. The set of potential actions may also have to be adapted over time as conditions change. Models have to account for the non-stationarity of the modeled system processes. Each of the important sources of uncertainty in decision processes is expected to be exacerbated by SLR. We illustrate our ideas about adaptation of natural resource management to SLR by modeling a non-stationary system using a numerical example. We provide additional examples of an SDM approach for managing species that may be affected by SLR, with a focus on the endangered Florida manatee.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Link","doi":"10.1007/s10584-011-0085-x","issn":"01650009","usgsCitation":"Martin, J., Fackler, P., Nichols, J.D., Lubow, B., Eaton, M.J., Runge, M.C., Stith, B., and Langtimm, C.A., 2011, Structured decision making as a proactive approach to dealing with sea level rise in Florida: Climatic Change, v. 107, no. 1, p. 185-202, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-011-0085-x.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"185","endPage":"202","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":246392,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":218390,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital 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Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":454409,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lubow, B. C.","contributorId":64603,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lubow","given":"B. 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,{"id":70034304,"text":"70034304 - 2011 - Estimating age from recapture data: Integrating incremental growth measures with ancillary data to infer age-at-length","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-03-25T20:05:36.36788","indexId":"70034304","displayToPublicDate":"2011-08-17T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1450,"text":"Ecological Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating age from recapture data: Integrating incremental growth measures with ancillary data to infer age-at-length","docAbstract":"<p><span>Estimating the age of individuals in wild populations can be of fundamental importance for answering ecological questions, modeling population demographics, and managing exploited or threatened species. Significant effort has been devoted to determining age through the use of growth annuli, secondary physical characteristics related to age, and growth models. Many species, however, either do not exhibit physical characteristics useful for independent age validation or are too rare to justify sacrificing a large number of individuals to establish the relationship between size and age. Length‐at‐age models are well represented in the fisheries and other wildlife management literature. Many of these models overlook variation in growth rates of individuals and consider growth parameters as population parameters. More recent models have taken advantage of hierarchical structuring of parameters and Bayesian inference methods to allow for variation among individuals as functions of environmental covariates or individual‐specific random effects. Here, we describe hierarchical models in which growth curves vary as individual‐specific stochastic processes, and we show how these models can be fit using capture–recapture data for animals of unknown age along with data for animals of known age. We combine these independent data sources in a Bayesian analysis, distinguishing natural variation (among and within individuals) from measurement error. We illustrate using data for African dwarf crocodiles, comparing von Bertalanffy and logistic growth models. The analysis provides the means of predicting crocodile age, given a single measurement of head length. The von Bertalanffy was much better supported than the logistic growth model and predicted that dwarf crocodiles grow from 19.4 cm total length at birth to 32.9 cm in the first year and 45.3 cm by the end of their second year. Based on the minimum size of females observed with hatchlings, reproductive maturity was estimated to be at nine years. These size benchmarks are believed to represent thresholds for important demographic parameters; improved estimates of age, therefore, will increase the precision of population projection models. The modeling approach that we present can be applied to other species and offers significant advantages when multiple sources of data are available and traditional aging techniques are not practical.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1890/10-0626.1","usgsCitation":"Eaton, M.J., and Link, W.A., 2011, Estimating age from recapture data: Integrating incremental growth measures with ancillary data to infer age-at-length: Ecological Applications, v. 21, no. 7, p. 2487-2497, https://doi.org/10.1890/10-0626.1.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"2487","endPage":"2497","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":565,"text":"Southeast Climate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":244879,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Republic of Gabon","otherGeospatial":"Loango National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              9.8382568359375,\n              -3.019841106168974\n            ],\n            [\n              10.5413818359375,\n              -2.729070029832631\n            ],\n            [\n              9.766845703125,\n              -1.5653569866197157\n            ],\n            [\n              9.0692138671875,\n              -1.8947961320582758\n            ],\n            [\n              9.2010498046875,\n              -2.1363456335598716\n            ],\n            [\n              9.8382568359375,\n              -3.019841106168974\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"21","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0b09e4b0c8380cd5252c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eaton, Mitchell J. 0000-0001-7324-6333 meaton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7324-6333","contributorId":169429,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eaton","given":"Mitchell","email":"meaton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":565,"text":"Southeast Climate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":445159,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Link, William A. 0000-0002-9913-0256 wlink@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9913-0256","contributorId":146920,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Link","given":"William","email":"wlink@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":445158,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70036906,"text":"70036906 - 2011 - Analysis of the North American Breeding Bird Survey using hierarchical models","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-09T16:44:23.327141","indexId":"70036906","displayToPublicDate":"2011-08-17T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3544,"text":"The Auk","onlineIssn":"1938-4254","printIssn":"0004-8038","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Analysis of the North American Breeding Bird Survey using hierarchical models","docAbstract":"<p><span>We analyzed population change for 420 bird species from the North American Breeding Bird Survey (BBS) using a hierarchical log-linear model and compared the results with those obtained through route-regression analysis. Survey-wide trend estimates based on the hierarchical model were generally more precise than estimates from the earlier analysis. No consistent pattern of differences existed in the magnitude of trends between the analysis methods. Survey-wide trend estimates changed substantially for 15 species between route-regression and hierarchical-model analyses. We compared regional estimates for states, provinces, and Bird Conservation Regions; differences observed in these regional analyses are likely a consequence of the route-regression procedure's inadequate accommodation of temporal differences in survey effort. We used species-specific hierarchical-model results to estimate composite change for groups of birds associated with major habitats and migration types. Grassland, aridland, and eastern-forest-obligate bird species declined, whereas urban—suburban species increased over the interval 1968–2008. No migration status group experienced significant changes, although Nearctic—Neotropical migrant species showed intervals of decline and permanent resident species increased almost 20% during the interval. Hierarchical-model results better portrayed patterns of population change over time than route-regression results. We recommend use of hierarchical models for BBS analyses.</span></p>","largerWorkTitle":"Auk","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornithological Society","doi":"10.1525/auk.2010.09220","issn":"00048038","usgsCitation":"Sauer, J.R., and Link, W., 2011, Analysis of the North American Breeding Bird Survey using hierarchical models: The Auk, v. 128, no. 1, p. 87-98, https://doi.org/10.1525/auk.2010.09220.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"87","endPage":"98","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":245440,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":217489,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1525/auk.2010.09220"}],"country":"United States, Canada, Mexico","otherGeospatial":"North 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John R. 0000-0002-4557-3019 jrsauer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4557-3019","contributorId":146917,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sauer","given":"John","email":"jrsauer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":458421,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Link, William 0000-0002-9913-0256 wlink@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9913-0256","contributorId":139687,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Link","given":"William","email":"wlink@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":458420,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70005208,"text":"sir20115103 - 2011 - Natural resource mitigation, adaptation and research needs related to climate change in the Great Basin and Mojave Desert","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-11T11:54:36","indexId":"sir20115103","displayToPublicDate":"2011-08-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-5103","title":"Natural resource mitigation, adaptation and research needs related to climate change in the Great Basin and Mojave Desert","docAbstract":"This report synthesizes the knowledge, opinions, and concerns of many Federal and State land managers, scientists, stakeholders, and partners from a workshop, held at the University of Nevada, Las Vegas, on April 20-22, 2010. Land managers, research scientists, and resource specialists identified common concerns regarding the potential effects of climate change on public lands and natural resources in the Great Basin and Mojave Desert and developed recommendations for mitigation, adaptation, and research needs. Water and, conversely, the effects of drought emerged as a common theme in all breakout sessions on terrestrial and aquatic species at risk, managing across boundaries, monitoring, and ecosystem services. Climate change models for the southwestern deserts predict general warming and drying with increasing precipitation variability year to year. Scientists noted that under these changing conditions the past may no longer be a guide to the future in which managers envision increasing conflicts between human water uses and sustaining ecosystems. Increasing environmental stress also is expected as a consequence of shifting ecosystem boundaries and species distributions, expansion of non-native species, and decoupling of biotic mutualisms, leading to increasingly unstable biologic communities. Managers uniformly expressed a desire to work across management and agency boundaries at a landscape scale but conceded that conflicting agency missions and budgetary constraints often impede collaboration. More and better science is needed to cope with the effects of climate change but, perhaps even more important is the application of science to management issues using the methods of adaptive management based on long-term monitoring to assess the merits of management actions. Access to data is essential for science-based land management. Basic inventories, spatial databases, baseline condition assessments, data quality assurance, and data sharing were identified as top information priorities by all participants at this workshop. Optimizing the utility of ecosystem monitoring data will require standardizing monitoring protocols across agencies. Better communication among researchers and managers and cooperation through partnerships to manage resources across boundaries were emphasized as necessary for adapting to changing climatic conditions. However, even these strategies may be insufficient unless policy mandates, agency missions, and funding are coordinated at a high level.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20115103","usgsCitation":"Hughson, D.L., Busch, D.E., Davis, S., Finn, S.P., Caicco, S., and Verburg, P.S., 2011, Natural resource mitigation, adaptation and research needs related to climate change in the Great Basin and Mojave Desert: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5103, iv, 32 p.; Glossary, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20115103.","productDescription":"iv, 32 p.; Glossary","startPage":"i","endPage":"34","numberOfPages":"38","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":569,"text":"Southwest Climate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125970,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2011_5103.jpg"},{"id":91256,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5103/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b00e4b07f02db6981a9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hughson, Debra L.","contributorId":58757,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hughson","given":"Debra","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352063,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Busch, David E. dave_busch@usgs.gov","contributorId":3392,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Busch","given":"David","email":"dave_busch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":352061,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Davis, Scott","contributorId":68443,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"Scott","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352064,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Finn, Sean P.","contributorId":106623,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finn","given":"Sean","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352066,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Caicco, Steve","contributorId":10534,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Caicco","given":"Steve","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352062,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Verburg, Paul S.J.","contributorId":79217,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Verburg","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"S.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352065,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70005207,"text":"ds624 - 2011 - Topographic and hydrographic GIS dataset for the Afghanistan Geological Survey and U.S. Geological Survey 2010 Minerals Project","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:59","indexId":"ds624","displayToPublicDate":"2011-08-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"624","title":"Topographic and hydrographic GIS dataset for the Afghanistan Geological Survey and U.S. Geological Survey 2010 Minerals Project","docAbstract":"This dataset contains a collection of 24 folders, each representing a specific U.S. Geological Survey area of interest (AOI; fig. 1), as well as datasets for AOI subsets. Each folder includes the extent, contours, Digital Elevation Model (DEM), and hydrography of the corresponding AOI, which are organized into feature vector and raster datasets. The dataset comprises a geographic information system (GIS), which is available upon request from the USGS Afghanistan programs Web site (http://afghanistan.cr.usgs.gov/minerals.php), and the maps of the 24 areas of interest of the USGS AOIs.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds624","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Afghanistan Geological Survey under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Defense Task Force for Business and Stability Cooperation","usgsCitation":"Chirico, P., and Moran, T., 2011, Topographic and hydrographic GIS dataset for the Afghanistan Geological Survey and U.S. Geological Survey 2010 Minerals Project: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 624, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds624.","productDescription":"HTML Document","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":410,"text":"National Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":126836,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds_624.jpg"},{"id":91255,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/624/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"Afghanistan","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 88.66666666666667,34.083333333333336 ], [ 88.66666666666667,34.5 ], [ 89.5,34.5 ], [ 89.5,34.083333333333336 ], [ 88.66666666666667,34.083333333333336 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a51e4b07f02db62a0a5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chirico, P. G.","contributorId":52215,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chirico","given":"P. G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352060,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Moran, T.W.","contributorId":7404,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moran","given":"T.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352059,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70003980,"text":"70003980 - 2011 - Fire and vegetation shifts in the Americas at the vanguard of Paleoindian migration","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-20T21:59:53.553036","indexId":"70003980","displayToPublicDate":"2011-08-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3219,"text":"Quaternary Science Reviews","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fire and vegetation shifts in the Americas at the vanguard of Paleoindian migration","docAbstract":"Across North and South America, the final millennia of the Pleistocene saw dramatic changes in climate, vegetation, fauna, fire regime, and other local and regional paleo-environmental characteristics. Rapid climate shifts following the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) exerted a first-order influence, but abrupt postglacial shifts in vegetation composition, vegetation structure, and fire regime also coincided with human arrival and transformative faunal extinctions in the Americas. We propose a model of post-glacial vegetation change in response to climatic drivers, punctuated by local fire regime shifts in response to megaherbivore-driven fuel changes and anthropogenic ignitions. The abrupt appearance of humans, disappearance of megaherbivores, and resulting changes in New World fire systems were transformative events that should not be dismissed in favor of climate-only interpretations of post-glacial paleo-environmental shifts in the Americas. Fire is a mechanism by which small human populations can have broad impacts, and growing evidence suggests that early anthropogenic influences on regional, even global, paleo-environments should be tested alongside other potential causal mechanisms.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/j.quascirev.2010.12.010","usgsCitation":"Pinter, N., Fiedel, S., and Keeley, J.E., 2011, Fire and vegetation shifts in the Americas at the vanguard of Paleoindian migration: Quaternary Science Reviews, v. 30, no. 3-4, p. 269-272, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2010.12.010.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"269","endPage":"272","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":156990,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"30","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f1e4b07f02db5ee8ef","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pinter, N.","contributorId":73721,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pinter","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350015,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fiedel, S.","contributorId":20614,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fiedel","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350013,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Keeley, Jon E. 0000-0002-4564-6521 jon_keeley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4564-6521","contributorId":1268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keeley","given":"Jon","email":"jon_keeley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":350014,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70003790,"text":"70003790 - 2011 - Field Reconnaissance Geologic Mapping of the Columbia Hills, Mars: Results from MER Spirit and MRO HiRISE Observations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-23T22:17:21","indexId":"70003790","displayToPublicDate":"2011-08-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2317,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Field Reconnaissance Geologic Mapping of the Columbia Hills, Mars: Results from MER Spirit and MRO HiRISE Observations","docAbstract":"Chemical, mineralogic, and lithologic ground truth was acquired for the first time on Mars in terrain units mapped using orbital Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter's High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (MRO HiRISE) image data. Examination of several dozen outcrops shows that Mars is geologically complex at meter length scales, the record of its geologic history is well exposed, stratigraphic units may be identified and correlated across significant areas on the ground, and outcrops and geologic relationships between materials may be analyzed with techniques commonly employed in terrestrial field geology. Despite their burial during the course of Martian geologic time by widespread epiclastic materials, mobile fines, and fall deposits, the selective exhumation of deep and well-preserved geologic units has exposed undisturbed outcrops, stratigraphic sections, and structural information much as they are preserved and exposed on Earth. A rich geologic record awaits skilled future field investigators on Mars. The correlation of ground observations and orbital images enables construction of a corresponding geologic reconnaissance map. Most of the outcrops visited are interpreted to be pyroclastic, impactite, and epiclastic deposits overlying an unexposed substrate, probably related to a modified Gusev crater central peak. Fluids have altered chemistry and mineralogy of these protoliths in degrees that vary substantially within the same map unit. Examination of the rocks exposed above and below the major unconformity between the plains lavas and the Columbia Hills directly confirms the general conclusion from remote sensing in previous studies over past years that the early history of Mars was a time of more intense deposition and modification of the surface. Although the availability of fluids and the chemical and mineral activity declined from this early period, significant later volcanism and fluid convection enabled additional, if localized, chemical activity.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1029/2010JE003749","usgsCitation":"Crumpler, L., Arvidson, R., Squyres, S.W., McCoy, T., Yingst, A., Ruff, S., Farrand, W., McSween, Y., Powell, M., Ming, D.W., Morris, R., Bell, J., Grant, J., Greeley, R., DesMarais, D., Schmidt, M., Cabrol, N., Haldemann, A., Lewis, K.W., Wang, A., Schroder, C., Blaney, D., Cohen, B., Yen, A., Farmer, J., Gellert, R., Guinness, E., Herkenhoff, K.E., Johnson, J.R., Klingelhofer, G., McEwen, A., Rice, J.W., Rice, M., deSouza, P., and Hurowitz, J., 2011, Field Reconnaissance Geologic Mapping of the Columbia Hills, Mars: Results from MER Spirit and MRO HiRISE Observations: Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets, v. 116, no. 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E00F24-E00F24, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JE003749.","productDescription":"55 p.","startPage":"E00F24","endPage":"E00F24","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474934,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1893/17121","text":"External Repository"},{"id":268071,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2010JE003749"},{"id":203947,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Mars","volume":"116","issue":"E7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-07-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fce4b07f02db5f5b4a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Crumpler, L.S.","contributorId":81575,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crumpler","given":"L.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348877,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Arvidson, R. E.","contributorId":46666,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arvidson","given":"R. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348864,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Squyres, S. W.","contributorId":31836,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Squyres","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348853,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McCoy, T.","contributorId":56776,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCoy","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348867,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Yingst, A.","contributorId":37049,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yingst","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348858,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ruff, S.","contributorId":104610,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruff","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348882,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Farrand, W.","contributorId":32661,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Farrand","given":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348856,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"McSween, Y.","contributorId":40716,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McSween","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348860,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Powell, M.","contributorId":32282,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Powell","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348854,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Ming, D. W.","contributorId":96811,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ming","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348879,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Morris, R.V.","contributorId":6978,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morris","given":"R.V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348849,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Bell, J.F. III","contributorId":97612,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bell","given":"J.F.","suffix":"III","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348881,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Grant, J.","contributorId":53929,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grant","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348866,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Greeley, R.","contributorId":6538,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Greeley","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348848,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"DesMarais, D.","contributorId":96814,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DesMarais","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348880,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Schmidt, M.","contributorId":11746,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmidt","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348850,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Cabrol, N.A.","contributorId":65208,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cabrol","given":"N.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348871,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Haldemann, A.","contributorId":96401,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haldemann","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348878,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18},{"text":"Lewis, Kevin W.","contributorId":42337,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lewis","given":"Kevin","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348863,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":19},{"text":"Wang, A.E.","contributorId":62730,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wang","given":"A.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348870,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":20},{"text":"Schroder, C.","contributorId":67201,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schroder","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348872,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":21},{"text":"Blaney, D.","contributorId":72513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blaney","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348874,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":22},{"text":"Cohen, B.","contributorId":41954,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cohen","given":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348862,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":23},{"text":"Yen, A.","contributorId":76054,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yen","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348875,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":24},{"text":"Farmer, J.","contributorId":26419,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Farmer","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348852,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":25},{"text":"Gellert, Ralf","contributorId":35049,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gellert","given":"Ralf","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12660,"text":"University of Guelph","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":348857,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":26},{"text":"Guinness, E.A.","contributorId":78070,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guinness","given":"E.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348876,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":27},{"text":"Herkenhoff, K. E.","contributorId":57959,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herkenhoff","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348869,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":28},{"text":"Johnson, J. R.","contributorId":69278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348873,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":29},{"text":"Klingelhofer, G.","contributorId":57195,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klingelhofer","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348868,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":30},{"text":"McEwen, A.","contributorId":39105,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McEwen","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348859,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":31},{"text":"Rice, J. W. Jr.","contributorId":53040,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rice","given":"J.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348865,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":32},{"text":"Rice, M.","contributorId":32283,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rice","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348855,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":33},{"text":"deSouza, P.","contributorId":41126,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"deSouza","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348861,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":34},{"text":"Hurowitz, J.","contributorId":17742,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hurowitz","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348851,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":35}]}}
,{"id":70005189,"text":"ofr20111180 - 2011 - Groundwater quality in the Lake Champlain Basin, New York, 2009","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:41","indexId":"ofr20111180","displayToPublicDate":"2011-08-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-1180","title":"Groundwater quality in the Lake Champlain Basin, New York, 2009","docAbstract":"Water was sampled from 20 production and domestic wells from August through November 2009 to characterize groundwater quality in the Lake Champlain Basin in New York. Of the 20 wells sampled, 8 were completed in sand and gravel, and 12 were completed in bedrock. The samples were collected and processed by standard U.S. Geological Survey procedures and were analyzed for 147 physiochemical properties and constituents, including major ions, nutrients, trace elements, pesticides, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), radionuclides, and indicator bacteria.\n\n  Water quality in the study area is generally good, but concentrations of some constituents equaled or exceeded current or proposed Federal or New York State drinking-water standards; these were color (1 sample), pH (3 samples), sodium (3 samples), total dissolved solids (4 samples), iron (4 samples), manganese (3 samples), gross alpha radioactivity (1 sample), radon-222 (10 samples), and bacteria (5 samples). The pH of all samples was typically neutral or slightly basic (median 7.1); the median water temperature was 9.7&deg;C. The ions with the highest median concentrations were bicarbonate [median 158 milligrams per liter (mg/L)] and calcium (median 45.5 mg/L). Groundwater in the study area is soft to very hard, but more samples were hard or very hard (121 mg/L or more as CaCO<sub>3</sub>) than were moderately hard or soft (120 mg/L or less as CaCO<sub>3</sub>); the median hardness was 180 mg/L as CaCO<sub>3</sub>. The maximum concentration of nitrate plus nitrite was 3.79 mg/L as nitrogen, which did not exceed established drinking-water standards for nitrate plus nitrite (10 mg/L as nitrogen). The trace elements with the highest median concentrations were strontium (median 202 micrograms per liter [&mu;g/L]), and iron (median 55 &mu;g/L in unfiltered water). Six pesticides and pesticide degradates, including atrazine, fipronil, disulfoton, prometon, and two pesticide degradates, CIAT and desulfinylfipronil, were detected among five samples at concentrations of 0.02 &mu;g/L or less; they included herbicides, herbicide degradates, insecticides, and insecticide degradates. Six VOCs were detected among six samples; these included a solvent, the gasoline additive methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE), and four trihalomethanes. The highest radon-222 activities were in samples from crystalline bedrock wells (maximum 4,100 picocuries per liter [pCi/L]); half of all samples exceeded a proposed U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) drinking-water standard of 300 pCi/L. Total coliform bacteria were detected in five samples, fecal coliform bacteria were detected in one sample, and Escherichia coli (E. coli) were not detected in any sample.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20111180","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation","usgsCitation":"Nystrom, E.A., 2011, Groundwater quality in the Lake Champlain Basin, New York, 2009: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1180, vi, 21 p.; Appendices, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111180.","productDescription":"vi, 21 p.; Appendices","onlineOnly":"N","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116873,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2011_1180.JPG"},{"id":24577,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1180/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"100000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator","country":"United States","state":"New York","county":"Clinton;Essex;Franklin;Warren;Washington","otherGeospatial":"Lake Champlain Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -74.5,43 ], [ -74.5,45 ], [ -73,45 ], [ -73,43 ], [ -74.5,43 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a95e4b07f02db659f5a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nystrom, Elizabeth A. 0000-0002-0886-3439 nystrom@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0886-3439","contributorId":1072,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nystrom","given":"Elizabeth","email":"nystrom@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":352054,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70209191,"text":"70209191 - 2011 - Rotational motions for teleseismic surface waves","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-03-23T09:40:15","indexId":"70209191","displayToPublicDate":"2011-08-11T09:37:05","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Rotational motions for teleseismic surface waves","docAbstract":"<div class=\"article-section__content en main\"><p><span class=\"paraNumber\">[1]<span>&nbsp;</span></span>We report the findings for the first teleseismic six degree‐of‐freedom (6‐DOF) measurements including three components of rotational motions recorded by a sensitive rotation‐rate sensor (model R‐1, made by eentec) and three components of translational motions recorded by a traditional seismometer (STS‐2) at the NACB station in Taiwan. The consistent observations in waveforms of rotational motions and translational motions in sections of Rayleigh and Love waves are presented in reference to the analytical solution for these waves in a half space of Poisson solid. We show that additional information (e.g., Rayleigh wave phase velocity, shear wave velocity of the surface layer) might be exploited from six degree‐of‐freedom recordings of teleseismic events at only one station. We also find significant errors in the translational records of these teleseismic surface waves due to the sensitivity of inertial translation sensors (seismometers) to rotational motions. The result suggests that the effects of such errors need to be counted in surface wave inversions commonly used to derive earthquake source parameters and Earth structure.</p></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1029/2011GL047959","usgsCitation":"Lin, C., Huang, H., Pham, N.D., Liu, C., Chi, W., and Lee, W., 2011, Rotational motions for teleseismic surface waves: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 38, no. 15, 5 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2011GL047959.","productDescription":"5 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":474938,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2011gl047959","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":373436,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"38","issue":"15","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-08-03","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lin, Chin-Jen","contributorId":199136,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lin","given":"Chin-Jen","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":785306,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Huang, H.","contributorId":18571,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huang","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":785307,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pham, Nguyen Dinh","contributorId":223517,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pham","given":"Nguyen","email":"","middleInitial":"Dinh","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":785308,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Liu, Chun-Chi","contributorId":75240,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"Chun-Chi","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":785309,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Chi, Wu-Cheng","contributorId":26148,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chi","given":"Wu-Cheng","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":785310,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lee, W.H.K.","contributorId":35303,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"W.H.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":785311,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70005153,"text":"ofr20111174 - 2011 - Audiomagnetotelluric data to characterize the Revett-type copper-silver deposits at Rock Creek in the Cabinet Mountains Wilderness, Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:59","indexId":"ofr20111174","displayToPublicDate":"2011-08-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-1174","title":"Audiomagnetotelluric data to characterize the Revett-type copper-silver deposits at Rock Creek in the Cabinet Mountains Wilderness, Montana","docAbstract":"The Revett-type deposits at Rock Creek are part of the concealed stratabound copper-silver deposits located in the Cabinet Mountains Wilderness of Montana. The U.S. Geological Survey is conducting a series of multidisciplinary studies as part of the Assessment Techniques for Concealed Mineral Resources project.\n\nGeologic, geochemical, geophysical, and mineral resources data are being evaluated with existing and new mineral deposit models to predict the possibility and probability of undiscovered deposits in covered terranes. To help characterize the size, resistivity, and depth of the mineral deposit concealed beneath thick overburden, a regional southwest-northeast audiomagnetotelluric sounding profile was acquired. Further studies will attempt to determine if induced polarization parameters can be extracted from the magnetotelluric data to determine the size of the mineralized area. The purpose of this report is to release the audiomagnetotelluric sounding data collected along that southwest-northeast profile. No interpretation of the data is included.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20111174","usgsCitation":"Sampson, J.A., and Rodriguez, B.D., 2011, Audiomagnetotelluric data to characterize the Revett-type copper-silver deposits at Rock Creek in the Cabinet Mountains Wilderness, Montana: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1174, iii, 8 p.; Appendix, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111174.","productDescription":"iii, 8 p.; Appendix","startPage":"i","endPage":"73","numberOfPages":"76","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116140,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2011_1174.gif"},{"id":24561,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1174/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"24000","country":"United States","state":"Montana","otherGeospatial":"Cabinet Mountains Wilderness","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -115.75,48.03333333333333 ], [ -115.75,48.11666666666667 ], [ -115.61749999999999,48.11666666666667 ], [ -115.61749999999999,48.03333333333333 ], [ -115.75,48.03333333333333 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa9e4b07f02db66811b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sampson, Jay A.","contributorId":13939,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sampson","given":"Jay","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352019,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rodriguez, Brian D. 0000-0002-2263-611X brod@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2263-611X","contributorId":836,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rodriguez","given":"Brian","email":"brod@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":352018,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70003858,"text":"70003858 - 2011 - Human casualties in earthquakes: Modelling and mitigation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-02T16:22:12","indexId":"70003858","displayToPublicDate":"2011-08-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Human casualties in earthquakes: Modelling and mitigation","docAbstract":"Earthquake risk modelling is needed for the planning of post-event emergency operations, for the development of insurance schemes, for the planning of mitigation measures in the existing building stock, and for the development of appropriate building regulations; in all of these applications estimates of casualty numbers are essential. But there are many questions about casualty estimation which are still poorly understood. These questions relate to the causes and nature of the injuries and deaths, and the extent to which they can be quantified. This paper looks at the evidence on these questions from recent studies. It then reviews casualty estimation models available, and finally compares the performance of some casualty models in making rapid post-event casualty estimates in recent earthquakes.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the Ninth Pacific Conference on Earthquake Engineering: Building an earthquake resilient society","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"2011 Pacific Conference on Earthquake Engineering","conferenceDate":"April 14-16, 2011","conferenceLocation":"Aukland, New Zealand","language":"English","publisher":"New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering","publisherLocation":"Wellington, New Zealand","usgsCitation":"Spence, R., and So, E., 2011, Human casualties in earthquakes: Modelling and mitigation, <i>in</i> Proceedings of the Ninth Pacific Conference on Earthquake Engineering: Building an earthquake resilient society, v. 2011, Aukland, New Zealand, April 14-16, 2011, 13 p.; Paper 224.","productDescription":"13 p.; Paper 224","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":203983,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":24565,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://db.nzsee.org.nz/2011/224.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":352195,"rank":3,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.nzsee.org.nz/db/2011/index.htm"}],"volume":"2011","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a52e4b07f02db62a6be","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Spence, R.J.S.","contributorId":98865,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spence","given":"R.J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349178,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"So, E.K.M.","contributorId":83654,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"So","given":"E.K.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349177,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70005155,"text":"ofr20111196 - 2011 - Proceedings of the Klamath Basin Science Conference, Medford, Oregon, February 1-5, 2010","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-15T15:38:55","indexId":"ofr20111196","displayToPublicDate":"2011-08-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-1196","title":"Proceedings of the Klamath Basin Science Conference, Medford, Oregon, February 1-5, 2010","docAbstract":"This report presents the proceedings of the Klamath Basin Science Conference (February 2010). A primary purpose of the meeting was to inform and update Klamath Basin stakeholders about areas of scientific progress and accomplishment during the last 5 years. Secondary conference objectives focused on the identification of outstanding information needs and science priorities as they relate to whole watershed management, restoration ecology, and possible reintroduction of Pacific salmon associated with the Klamath Basin Restoration Agreement (KBRA). Information presented in plenary, technical, breakout, and poster sessions has been assembled into chapters that reflect the organization, major themes, and content of the conference. Chapter 1 reviews the major environmental issues and resource management and other stakeholder needs of the basin. Importantly, this assessment of information needs included the possibility of large-scale restoration projects in the future and lessons learned from a case study in South Florida.\n\nOther chapters (2-6) summarize information about key components of the Klamath Basin, support conceptual modeling of the aquatic ecosystem (Chapter 7), and synthesize our impressions of the most pressing science priorities for management and restoration. A wealth of information was presented at the conference and this has been captured in chapters addressing environmental setting and human development of the basin, hydrology, watershed processes, fishery resources, and potential effects from climate change. The final chapter (8) culminates in a discussion of many specific research priorities that relate to and bookend the broader management needs and restoration goals identified in Chapter 1. In many instances, the conferees emphasized long-term and process-oriented approaches to watershed science in the basin as planning moves forward.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20111196","usgsCitation":"2011, Proceedings of the Klamath Basin Science Conference, Medford, Oregon, February 1-5, 2010: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1196, iv, 312 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111196.","productDescription":"iv, 312 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116100,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2011_1196.jpg"},{"id":356539,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1196/pdf/ofr20111196.pdf","text":"Report","size":"18.82 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Klamath River basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -121.81365966796874,\n              42.3037216984154\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.12951660156249,\n              42.42548395494743\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.53601074218751,\n              42.39912215986002\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.85186767578125,\n              42.38898005764399\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.04962158203124,\n              42.35042512243457\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.277587890625,\n              42.291532494305976\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.39294433593749,\n              42.17154633452751\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.70605468750001,\n              42.004407212963585\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.93676757812499,\n              41.87365126992505\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.1180419921875,\n              41.644183479397455\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.07684326171874,\n              41.50857729743935\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.07409667968749,\n              41.376808565702355\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.12353515624999,\n              41.20552261955812\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.02191162109375,\n              41.11246878918088\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.71429443359375,\n              41.106260503564485\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.21990966796874,\n              41.18692242290296\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.63214111328125,\n              41.29431726315258\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.1075439453125,\n              41.55381099217959\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.89056396484375,\n              42.014611228817955\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.75323486328124,\n              42.18579390537848\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.77520751953125,\n              42.256983603767466\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.81365966796874,\n              42.3037216984154\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9ee4b07f02db660475","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Thorsteinson, Lyman K. lthorsteinson@usgs.gov","contributorId":3000,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thorsteinson","given":"Lyman","email":"lthorsteinson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":113,"text":"Alaska Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":742751,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Vanderkooi, Scott P. svanderkooi@usgs.gov","contributorId":3319,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vanderkooi","given":"Scott","email":"svanderkooi@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":742752,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Duffy, Walter G. wgd7001@usgs.gov","contributorId":2491,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duffy","given":"Walter","email":"wgd7001@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":742753,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70005159,"text":"sir20115122 - 2011 - Construction of shipping channels in the Detroit River: History and environmental consequences","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-05T22:47:52.460673","indexId":"sir20115122","displayToPublicDate":"2011-08-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-5122","title":"Construction of shipping channels in the Detroit River: History and environmental consequences","docAbstract":"The Detroit River is one of the most biologically diverse areas in the Great Lakes basin. It has been an important international shipping route since the 1820s and is one of the busiest navigation centers in the United States. Historically, it supported one of the most profitable Lake Whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis) commercial fisheries in the Great Lakes. Since 1874, the lower Detroit River has been systematically and extensively modified, by construction of deepwater channels, to facilitate commercial shipping. Large-scale dredging, disposal of dredge spoils, and construction of water-level compensating works has greatly altered channel morphology and flow dynamics of the river, disrupting ecological function and fishery productivity of the river and influencing Great Lakes water levels. From 1874 to 1968, major construction projects created 96.5 kilometers (60 miles) of shipping channels, removed over 46,200,000 m<sup>3</sup> of material, covered 4,050 hectares (40.5 square kilometers) of river bottom with dredge spoils, and built 85 hectares of above-waterline compensating works at a total cost of US$283 million. Interest by industries and government agencies to develop the river further for shipping is high and increasing. Historically, as environmental protection agencies were created, construction impacts on natural resources were increasingly addressed during the planning process and, in some cases, assessments of these impacts greatly altered or halted proposed construction projects. Careful planning of future shipping-channel construction and maintenance projects, including a thorough analysis of the expected environmental impacts, could greatly reduce financial costs and ecological damages as compared to past shipping-channel construction projects.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20115122","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","usgsCitation":"Bennion, D.H., and Manny, B.A., 2011, Construction of shipping channels in the Detroit River: History and environmental consequences: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5122, iv, 14 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20115122.","productDescription":"iv, 14 p.","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":426344,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_94501.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":24564,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5122/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":116137,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2011_5122.gif"}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan","otherGeospatial":"Detroit River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -82.91384209873428,\n              42.35784036983503\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.23998871255239,\n              42.35784036983503\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.23998871255239,\n              42.033994854810544\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.91384209873428,\n              42.033994854810544\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.91384209873428,\n              42.35784036983503\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b12e4b07f02db6a2eb7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bennion, David H. dbennion@usgs.gov","contributorId":3426,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bennion","given":"David","email":"dbennion@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":352026,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Manny, Bruce A. 0000-0002-4074-9329 bmanny@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4074-9329","contributorId":3699,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Manny","given":"Bruce","email":"bmanny@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":352027,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70005131,"text":"ofr20111175 - 2011 - Gas, oil, and water production from Wattenberg Field in the Denver Basin, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-10-20T21:07:41.03248","indexId":"ofr20111175","displayToPublicDate":"2011-08-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-1175","title":"Gas, oil, and water production from Wattenberg Field in the Denver Basin, Colorado","docAbstract":"Gas, oil, and water production data were compiled from selected wells in two tight gas reservoirs-the Codell-Niobrara interval, comprised of the Codell Sandstone Member of the Carlile Shale and the Niobrara Formation; and the Dakota J interval, comprised mostly of the Muddy (J) Sandstone of the Dakota Group; both intervals are of Cretaceous age-in the Wattenberg field in the Denver Basin of Colorado. Production from each well is represented by two samples spaced five years apart, the first sample typically taken two years after production commenced, which generally was in the 1990s. For each producing interval, summary diagrams and tables of oil-versus-gas production and water-versus-gas production are shown with fluid-production rates, the change in production over five years, the water-gas and oil-gas ratios, and the fluid type. These diagrams and tables permit well-to-well and field-to-field comparisons. Fields producing water at low rates (water dissolved in gas in the reservoir) can be distinguished from fields producing water at moderate or high rates, and the water-gas ratios are quantified. \r\n\r\n  The Dakota J interval produces gas on a per-well basis at roughly three times the rate of the Codell-Niobrara interval. After five years of production, gas data from the second samples show that both intervals produce gas, on average, at about one-half the rate as the first sample. Oil-gas ratios in the Codell-Niobrara interval are characteristic of a retrograde gas and are considerably higher than oil-gas ratios in the Dakota J interval, which are characteristic of a wet gas. Water production from both intervals is low, and records in many wells are discontinuous, particularly in the Codell-Niobrara interval. Water-gas ratios are broadly variable, with some of the variability possibly due to the difficulty of measuring small production rates. Most wells for which water is reported have water-gas ratios exceeding the amount that could exist dissolved in gas at reservoir pressure and temperature. \r\n\r\n  The Codell-Niobrara interval is reported to be overpressured (that is, pressure greater than hydrostatic) whereas the underlying Dakota J interval is underpressured (less than hydrostatic), demonstrating a lack of hydraulic communication between the two intervals despite their proximity over a broad geographical area. The underpressuring in the Dakota J interval has been attributed by others to outcropping strata east of the basin. We agree with this interpretation and postulate that the gas accumulation also may contribute to hydraulic isolation from outcrops immediately west of the basin.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20111175","usgsCitation":"Nelson, P.H., and Santus, S.L., 2011, Gas, oil, and water production from Wattenberg Field in the Denver Basin, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1175, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111175.","productDescription":"HTML Document","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116158,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2011_1175.gif"},{"id":24554,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1175/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":390707,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_95388.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Denver Basin, Wattenberg Field","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -105.5333,\n              39.8333\n            ],\n            [\n              -103.4833,\n              39.8333\n            ],\n            [\n              -103.4833,\n              40.5722\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.5333,\n              40.5722\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.5333,\n              39.8333\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b27e4b07f02db6b0dca","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nelson, Philip H. pnelson@usgs.gov","contributorId":862,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"Philip","email":"pnelson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":352011,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Santus, Stephen L. ssantus@usgs.gov","contributorId":4566,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Santus","given":"Stephen","email":"ssantus@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":352012,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70005130,"text":"pp1782 - 2011 - Deglaciation and postglacial treeline fluctuation in the northern San Juan Mountains, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:59","indexId":"pp1782","displayToPublicDate":"2011-08-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1782","title":"Deglaciation and postglacial treeline fluctuation in the northern San Juan Mountains, Colorado","docAbstract":"The San Juan Mountains of southwestern Colorado contain numerous lakes and bogs at and above treeline. In June 1978, Lake Emma, a tarn above present-day treeline, was suddenly drained by the collapse of underground mine workings. This study was initiated because the draining exposed a well-preserved archive of subfossil coniferous wood fragments that provided a unique opportunity to further our understanding of the paleoclimatic history of this region. \r\n\r\n  These paleoclimatic studies-coniferous macrofossil identification in conjunction with radiocarbon dating, deuterium analysis of the dated conifer fragments, as well as pollen and fossil insect analyses-yielded new information regarding Holocene climate and accompanying treeline changes in the northern San Juan Mountains. This report synthesizes previously published reports by the author and other investigators, and unpublished information of the author bearing on late Pleistocene and Holocene treeline and climate in this region. \r\n\r\n  Retreat of the glacier that occupied the upper Animas River valley from its Pinedale terminal position began about 19.4 + or - 1.5 <sup>10</sup>Be thousands of years ago and was essentially complete by about 12.3 + or - 1.0 <sup>10</sup>Be thousands of years ago. Two sets of late Pleistocene cirque moraines were identified in the northern San Juan Mountains. The older set is widespread and probably correlates with the Younger Dryas (11,000-10,000 radiocarbon years before present; 12,800-11,500 calendar years). The younger set is found only in the Grenadier Range and represents remnant glacier ice lying in well-shaded niches in a mountain range undergoing rapid deglaciation. A snowbank at the northern base of this range appears to be fronted by a Little Ice Age moraine. \r\n\r\n  Soon after deglaciation the average July temperature is estimated to have been about 5&deg;C cooler and timberline about 650 meters lower than at present. However, timberline (and treeline) responded rapidly to the postglacial warming and reached higher-than-present elevations by the early Holocene. \r\n\r\n  A comparison of recently obtained accelerator mass spectrometry radiocarbon ages of coniferous wood fragments from Lake Emma, previously dated by conventional radiocarbon methods during the 1980s, led to a slight modification of previously published ages of Holocene treeline fluctuations. As early as 9,200 radiocarbon years before present (about 10,400 calendar years) and probably to about 5,400 radiocarbon years before present (about 6,200 calendar years), treeline was at least 80 meters higher than at present (about 3,660 meters). Furthermore, a large conifer fragment with a complacent annual ring record suggests that timberline may have been at least 140 meters higher than present (about 3,600 meters) about 8,000 radiocarbon years before present (about 8,900 calendar years). These past elevations of treeline and timberline suggest that growing-season temperatures were at least 0.5&deg;-0.9&deg;C warmer than at present. Deuterium data from the Lake Emma wood samples suggests that the maximum average temperature change from about 9,000 to 5,400 radiocarbon years before present (about 10,150 to 6,200 calendar years) was about 4&deg;C. Owing to these warmer temperatures the summer monsoon circulation, which currently brings a large part of the annual precipitation to the San Juan Mountains, probably was more intense during the early and middle Holocene than it is today. \r\n\r\n  Between about 5,400 and 3,500 radiocarbon years before present (about 6,200 and 3,770 calendar years) it appears that treeline was near its present-day limit. After 3,500 radiocarbon years before present (about 3,770 calendar years), evidence of treeline position is very sparse, suggesting that treeline lay at, or below, its present-day elevation. However, a spruce krummholz fragment from the Lake Emma site provided two radiocarbon ages of about 3,100 radiocarbon years before present (about 3,300 cal","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/pp1782","usgsCitation":"Carrara, P.E., 2011, Deglaciation and postglacial treeline fluctuation in the northern San Juan Mountains, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1782, vi, 44 p.; Appendices, https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1782.","productDescription":"vi, 44 p.; Appendices","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":308,"text":"Geology and Environmental Change Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116180,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/pp_1782.gif"},{"id":24553,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1782/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"San Juan Mountains;Lake Emma;Little Molas Lake;Molas Lake;Highland Mary Lakes;Black Mountain Lake;Hurricane Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -108.00111111111111,37.5 ], [ -108.00111111111111,38.25 ], [ -107,38.25 ], [ -107,37.5 ], [ -108.00111111111111,37.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49ffe4b07f02db5f7588","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carrara, Paul E. pcarrara@usgs.gov","contributorId":1342,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carrara","given":"Paul","email":"pcarrara@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":352010,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
]}