{"pageNumber":"742","pageRowStart":"18525","pageSize":"25","recordCount":40783,"records":[{"id":70208565,"text":"70208565 - 2011 - Testing a high-resolution satellite interpretation technique for crop area monitoring in developing countries","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-02-20T09:58:46","indexId":"70208565","displayToPublicDate":"2011-08-09T10:02:58","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2068,"text":"International Journal of Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Testing a high-resolution satellite interpretation technique for crop area monitoring in developing countries","docAbstract":"<p><span>District-level crop area (CA) is a highly uncertain term in food production equations, which are used to allocate food aid and implement appropriate food security initiatives. Remote sensing studies typically overestimate CA and production, as subsistence plots are exaggerated at coarser resolution, which leads to overoptimistic food reports. In this study, medium-resolution (MR) Landsat 7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) images were manually classified for Niger and corrected using CA estimates derived from high-resolution (HR) sample image, topographic and socioeconomic data. A logistic model with smoothing splines was used to compute the block-average (0.1°) probability of an area being cropped. Livelihood zones and elevation explained 75% of the deviance in CA, while MR did not add explanatory power. The model overestimates CA when compared to the national inventory, possibly because of temporal changes in intercropping and the exclusion of some staple crops in the national inventory.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/01431161.2010.532168","usgsCitation":"Marshall, M.T., Husak, G., Michaelsen, J., Funk, C., Pedreros, D., and Adoum, A., 2011, Testing a high-resolution satellite interpretation technique for crop area monitoring in developing countries: International Journal of Remote Sensing, v. 32, no. 23, p. 7997-8012, https://doi.org/10.1080/01431161.2010.532168.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"7997","endPage":"8012","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":372383,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Niger","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              0.0439453125,\n              11.824341483849048\n            ],\n            [\n              15.380859374999998,\n              11.824341483849048\n            ],\n            [\n              15.380859374999998,\n              16.088042220148818\n            ],\n            [\n              0.0439453125,\n              16.088042220148818\n            ],\n            [\n              0.0439453125,\n              11.824341483849048\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"32","issue":"23","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-08-09","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Marshall, M. T.","contributorId":222558,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Marshall","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":782540,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Husak, G.J.","contributorId":91314,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Husak","given":"G.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":782541,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Michaelsen, J.","contributorId":12288,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Michaelsen","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":782542,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Funk, Chris 0000-0002-9254-6718 cfunk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9254-6718","contributorId":167070,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Funk","given":"Chris","email":"cfunk@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":782543,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Pedreros, D. 0000-0001-9943-7373","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9943-7373","contributorId":222559,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pedreros","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":782544,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Adoum, A.","contributorId":182464,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Adoum","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":782545,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70005091,"text":"70005091 - 2011 - A whole ecosystem approach to studying climate change in interior Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-21T13:57:00","indexId":"70005091","displayToPublicDate":"2011-08-09T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1578,"text":"Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union","onlineIssn":"2324-9250","printIssn":"0096-394","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A whole ecosystem approach to studying climate change in interior Alaska","docAbstract":"Yukon River Basin Principal Investigators Workshop; Portland, Oregon, 18-20 January 2011; High latitudes are known to be particularly susceptible to climate warming, leading to an emphasis of field and modeling research on arctic regions. Subarctic and boreal regions such as the Yukon River Basin (YRB) of interior Alaska and western Canada are less well studied, although they encompass large areas that are vulnerable to changes in forest composition, permafrost distribution, and hydrology. There is an urgent need to understand the resiliency and vulnerability of these complex ecosystems as well as their feedbacks to the global climate system. Consequently, U.S. Geological Survey scientists, with other federal agency, university, and private industry partners, is focusing subarctic interdisciplinary studies on the Beaver Creek Wild and Scenic River watershed (http://www.blm.gov/pgdata/content/ak/en/prog/nlcs/beavercrk_nwsr.html) and Yukon Flats National Wildlife Refuge (http://yukonflats.fws.gov/) in the YRB, south and west of Fort Yukon, Alaska. These areas are national treasures of wetlands, lakes, and uplands that support large populations of wildlife and waterfowl and are home to vibrant native Alaskan communities that depend on the area for a subsistence lifestyle.","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2011EO180010","usgsCitation":"Riggins, S., Striegl, R.G., and McHale, M., 2011, A whole ecosystem approach to studying climate change in interior Alaska: Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, v. 92, no. 18, p. 155-155, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011EO180010.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"155","endPage":"155","numberOfPages":"1","costCenters":[{"id":145,"text":"Branch of Regional Research-Central Region","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":490000,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2011eo180010","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":203249,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","volume":"92","issue":"18","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-05-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b15e4b07f02db6a4d1e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Riggins, Susan","contributorId":78200,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Riggins","given":"Susan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351989,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Striegl, Robert G. 0000-0002-8251-4659 rstriegl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8251-4659","contributorId":1630,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Striegl","given":"Robert","email":"rstriegl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36183,"text":"Hydro-Ecological Interactions Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":351990,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McHale, Michael","contributorId":32406,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McHale","given":"Michael","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351988,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70004940,"text":"70004940 - 2011 - Hydrologic and geomorphic considerations in restoration of river-floodplain connectivity in a highly altered river system, Lower Missouri River, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-11-07T15:50:29","indexId":"70004940","displayToPublicDate":"2011-08-09T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3751,"text":"Wetlands Ecology and Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydrologic and geomorphic considerations in restoration of river-floodplain connectivity in a highly altered river system, Lower Missouri River, USA","docAbstract":"<p><span>Planning for restoration of river-floodplain systems requires understanding how often and how much of a floodplain may be inundated, and how likely the floodplain is to retain the water once flooded. These factors depend fundamentally on hydrology and geomorphology of the channel and floodplain. We discuss application of an index of river-floodplain connectivity, the Land Capability Potential Index (LCPI), to regional-scale restoration planning along 600&nbsp;km of the Lower Missouri River. The LCPI integrates modeled water-surface elevations, floodplain topography, and soils to index relative wetness of floodplain patches. Geomorphic adjustment of the Lower Missouri River to impoundment and channel engineering has altered the natural relations among hydrology, geomorphology, and floodplain soils, and has resulted in a regional upstream to downstream gradient in connectivity potential. As a result, flow-regime management is limited in its capacity to restore floodplain ecosystems. The LCPI provides a tool for identifying and mapping floodplain restoration potential, accounting for the geomorphic adjustment. Using simple criteria, we illustrate the utility of LCPI-like approaches in regional planning for restoration of plains cottonwood (</span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">Populus deltoides</i><span>) communities, hydrologically connected floodplain wetlands, and seasonal floodplain wetlands.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s11273-011-9217-3","usgsCitation":"Jacobson, R.B., Janke, T.P., and Skold, J.J., 2011, Hydrologic and geomorphic considerations in restoration of river-floodplain connectivity in a highly altered river system, Lower Missouri River, USA: Wetlands Ecology and Management, v. 19, no. 4, p. 295-316, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11273-011-9217-3.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"295","endPage":"316","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":204033,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Lower Missouri River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -107.57812499999999,\n              46.92025531537451\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.69921875,\n              44.465151013519616\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.734375,\n              43.77109381775651\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.734375,\n              41.50857729743935\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.69140625,\n              37.92686760148135\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.439453125,\n              37.50972584293751\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.736328125,\n              36.66841891894786\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.9453125,\n              39.095962936305476\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.515625,\n              44.276671273775186\n            ],\n            [\n              -98.701171875,\n              46.01222384063236\n            ],\n            [\n              -107.57812499999999,\n              46.92025531537451\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"19","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-05-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae6e4b07f02db68b3c3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jacobson, Robert B. 0000-0002-8368-2064 rjacobson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8368-2064","contributorId":1289,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jacobson","given":"Robert","email":"rjacobson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":351687,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Janke, Tyler P.","contributorId":49095,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Janke","given":"Tyler","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351688,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Skold, Jason J.","contributorId":102996,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Skold","given":"Jason","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351689,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70005099,"text":"sir20115109 - 2011 - Estimated suspended-sediment loads and yields in the French and Brandywine Creek Basins, Chester County, Pennsylvania, water years 2008-09","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:41","indexId":"sir20115109","displayToPublicDate":"2011-08-09T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-5109","title":"Estimated suspended-sediment loads and yields in the French and Brandywine Creek Basins, Chester County, Pennsylvania, water years 2008-09","docAbstract":"Turbidity and suspended-sediment concentration data were collected by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) at four stream stations--French Creek near Phoenixville, West Branch Brandywine Creek near Honey Brook, West Branch Brandywine Creek at Modena, and East Branch Brandywine Creek below Downingtown--in Chester County, Pa. Sedimentation and siltation is the leading cause of stream impairment in Chester County, and these data are critical for quantifying sediment transport. This study was conducted by the USGS in cooperation with the Chester County Water Resources Authority and the Chester County Health Department. Data from optical turbidity sensors deployed at the four stations were recorded at 15- or 30-minute intervals by a data logger and uploaded every 1 to 4 hours to the USGS database. Most of the suspended-sediment samples were collected using automated samplers. The use of optical sensors to continuously monitor turbidity provided an accurate estimate of sediment fluctuations without the collection and analysis costs associated with intensive sampling during storms. Turbidity was used as a surrogate for suspended-sediment concentration (SSC), which is a measure of sedimentation and siltation. Regression models were developed between SSC and turbidity for each of the monitoring stations using SSC data collected from the automated samplers and turbidity data collected at each station. Instantaneous suspended-sediment loads (SSL) were computed from time-series turbidity and discharge data for the 2008 and 2009 water years using the regression equations. The instantaneous computations of SSL were summed to provide daily, storm, and water year annual loads. The annual SSL contributed from each basin was divided by the upstream drainage area to estimate the annual sediment yield. For all four basins, storms provided more than 96 percent of the annual SSL. In each basin, four storms generally provided over half the annual SSL each water year. Stormflows with the highest peak discharges generally carried the highest SSLs. For all stations, the greatest SSLs occurred during the late winter in February and March during the 2008 water year. During the 2009 water year, the greatest SSLs occurred during December and August. For French Creek near Phoenixville, the estimated annual SSL was 3,500 tons, and the estimated yield was 59.1 tons per square mile (ton/mi<sup>2</sup>) for the 2008 water year. For the 2009 water year, the annual SSL was 4,390 tons, and the yield was 74.3 ton/mi<sup>2</sup>. For West Branch Brandywine Creek near Honey Brook, the estimated annual SSL was 4,580 tons, and the estimated yield was 245 ton/mi<sup>2</sup> for the 2008 water year. For the 2009 water year, the annual SSL was 2,300 tons, and the yield was 123 ton/mi<sup>2</sup>. For West Branch Brandywine Creek at Modena, the estimated annual SSL was 7,480 tons, and the estimated yield was 136 ton/mi<sup>2</sup> for the 2008 water year. For the 2009 water year, the annual SSL was 4,930 tons, and the yield was 90 ton/mi<sup>2</sup>. For East Branch Brandywine Creek below Downingtown, the estimated annual SSL was 8,900 tons, and the estimated yield was 100 ton/mi<sup>2</sup> for the 2008 water year. For the 2009 water year, the annual SSL was 7,590 tons, and the yield was 84 ton/mi<sup>2</sup>.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20115109","usgsCitation":"Sloto, R.A., and Olson, L.E., 2011, Estimated suspended-sediment loads and yields in the French and Brandywine Creek Basins, Chester County, Pennsylvania, water years 2008-09: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5109, vi, 31 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20115109.","productDescription":"vi, 31 p.","startPage":"i","endPage":"31","numberOfPages":"37","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2007-10-01","temporalEnd":"2009-09-30","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116096,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2011_5109.jpg"},{"id":24539,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5109/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"2000000","projection":"Albers Equal-Area ConicProjection","country":"United States","state":"Pennsylvania","county":"Chester","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -76.05,39.666666666666664 ], [ -76.05,40.3 ], [ -75.41666666666667,40.3 ], [ -75.41666666666667,39.666666666666664 ], [ -76.05,39.666666666666664 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ce4b07f02db5fccb2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sloto, Ronald A. rasloto@usgs.gov","contributorId":424,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sloto","given":"Ronald","email":"rasloto@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":351995,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Olson, Leif E. leolson@usgs.gov","contributorId":2108,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olson","given":"Leif","email":"leolson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":351996,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70005117,"text":"sir20115093 - 2011 - Simulation of streamflow, evapotranspiration, and groundwater recharge in the Lower Frio River watershed, south Texas, 1961-2008","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-11T15:27:35","indexId":"sir20115093","displayToPublicDate":"2011-08-09T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-5093","title":"Simulation of streamflow, evapotranspiration, and groundwater recharge in the Lower Frio River watershed, south Texas, 1961-2008","docAbstract":"<p>The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Fort Worth District; the City of Corpus Christi; the Guadalupe-Blanco River Authority; the San Antonio River Authority; and the San Antonio Water System, configured, calibrated, and tested a watershed model for a study area consisting of about 5,490 mi<sup>2</sup> of the Frio River watershed in south Texas. The purpose of the model is to contribute to the understanding of watershed processes and hydrologic conditions in the lower Frio River watershed. The model simulates streamflow, evapotranspiration (ET), and groundwater recharge by using a numerical representation of physical characteristics of the landscape, and meteorological and streamflow data. Additional time-series inputs to the model include wastewater-treatment-plant discharges, surface-water withdrawals, and estimated groundwater inflow from Leona Springs. Model simulations of streamflow, ET, and groundwater recharge were done for various periods of record depending upon available measured data for input and comparison, starting as early as 1961. Because of the large size of the study area, the lower Frio River watershed was divided into 12 subwatersheds; separate Hydrological Simulation Program-FORTRAN models were developed for each subwatershed. Simulation of the overall study area involved running simulations in downstream order. Output from the model was summarized by subwatershed, point locations, reservoir reaches, and the Carrizo-Wilcox aquifer outcrop. Four long-term U.S. Geological Survey streamflow-gaging stations and two short-term streamflow-gaging stations were used for streamflow model calibration and testing with data from 1991-2008. Calibration was based on data from 2000-08, and testing was based on data from 1991-99. Choke Canyon Reservoir stage data from 1992-2008 and monthly evaporation estimates from 1999-2008 also were used for model calibration. Additionally, 2006-08 ET data from a U.S. Geological Survey meteorological station in Medina County were used for calibration. Streamflow and ET calibration were considered good or very good. For the 2000-08 calibration period, total simulated flow volume and the flow volume of the highest 10 percent of simulated daily flows were calibrated to within about 10 percent of measured volumes at six U.S. Geological Survey streamflow-gaging stations. The flow volume of the lowest 50 percent of daily flows was not simulated as accurately but represented a small percent of the total flow volume. The model-fit efficiency for the weekly mean streamflow during the calibration periods ranged from 0.60 to 0.91, and the root mean square error ranged from 16 to 271 percent of the mean flow rate. The simulated total flow volumes during the testing periods at the long-term gaging stations exceeded the measured total flow volumes by approximately 22 to 50 percent at three stations and were within 7 percent of the measured total flow volumes at one station. For the longer 1961-2008 simulation period at the long-term stations, simulated total flow volumes were within about 3 to 18 percent of measured total flow volumes. The calibrations made by using Choke Canyon reservoir volume for 1992-2008, reservoir evaporation for 1999-2008, and ET in Medina County for 2006-08, are considered very good. Model limitations include possible errors related to model conceptualization and parameter variability, lack of data to better quantify certain model inputs, and measurement errors. Uncertainty regarding the degree to which available rainfall data represent actual rainfall is potentially the most serious source of measurement error. A sensitivity analysis was performed for the Upper San Miguel subwatershed model to show the effect of changes to model parameters on the estimated mean recharge, ET, and surface runoff from that part of the Carrizo-Wilcox aquifer outcrop. Simulated recharge was most sensitive to the changes in the lower-zone ET (LZ</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20115093","collaboration":"In cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Fort Worth District; City of Corpus Christi; Guadalupe-Blanco River Authority; San Antonio River Authority; and San Antonio Water System","usgsCitation":"Lizarraga, J.S., and Ockerman, D.J., 2011, Simulation of streamflow, evapotranspiration, and groundwater recharge in the Lower Frio River watershed, south Texas, 1961-2008: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5093, vi, 42 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20115093.","productDescription":"vi, 42 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116191,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2011_5093.gif"},{"id":24555,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5093/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -97.23999023437499,\n              27.9361805667694\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.27294921875,\n              28.700224692776988\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.470703125,\n              29.783449456820605\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.646484375,\n              30.420256142845158\n            ],\n            [\n              -98.316650390625,\n              30.685163937659564\n            ],\n            [\n              -99.052734375,\n              31.034108344903512\n            ],\n            [\n              -100.26123046875,\n              31.39115752282472\n            ],\n            [\n              -100.8544921875,\n              31.25037814985571\n            ],\n            [\n              -101.348876953125,\n              30.817346256492073\n            ],\n            [\n              -101.40380859375,\n              29.754839972510933\n            ],\n            [\n              -100.8544921875,\n              29.23847708592805\n            ],\n            [\n              -99.1845703125,\n              28.304380682962783\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.61352539062499,\n              27.907058371121995\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.23999023437499,\n              27.9361805667694\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f7e4b07f02db5f20b9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lizarraga, Joy S.","contributorId":43735,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lizarraga","given":"Joy","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352009,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ockerman, Darwin J. 0000-0003-1958-1688 ockerman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1958-1688","contributorId":1579,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ockerman","given":"Darwin","email":"ockerman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":352008,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70005062,"text":"sir20115104 - 2011 - A method for estimating peak and time of peak streamflow from excess rainfall for 10- to 640-acre watersheds in the Houston, Texas, metropolitan area","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-11T15:28:39","indexId":"sir20115104","displayToPublicDate":"2011-08-08T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-5104","title":"A method for estimating peak and time of peak streamflow from excess rainfall for 10- to 640-acre watersheds in the Houston, Texas, metropolitan area","docAbstract":"<p>Estimates of peak and time of peak streamflow for small watersheds (less than about 640 acres) in a suburban to urban, low-slope setting are needed for drainage design that is cost-effective and risk-mitigated. During 2007-10, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the Harris County Flood Control District and the Texas Department of Transportation, developed a method to estimate peak and time of peak streamflow from excess rainfall for 10- to 640-acre watersheds in the Houston, Texas, metropolitan area. To develop the method, 24 watersheds in the study area with drainage areas less than about 3.5 square miles (2,240 acres) and with concomitant rainfall and runoff data were selected. The method is based on conjunctive analysis of rainfall and runoff data in the context of the unit hydrograph method and the rational method. For the unit hydrograph analysis, a gamma distribution model of unit hydrograph shape (a gamma unit hydrograph) was chosen and parameters estimated through matching of modeled peak and time of peak streamflow to observed values on a storm-by-storm basis. Watershed mean or watershed-specific values of peak and time to peak (\"time to peak\" is a parameter of the gamma unit hydrograph and is distinct from \"time of peak\") of the gamma unit hydrograph were computed. Two regression equations to estimate peak and time to peak of the gamma unit hydrograph that are based on watershed characteristics of drainage area and basin-development factor (BDF) were developed. For the rational method analysis, a lag time (time-R), volumetric runoff coefficient, and runoff coefficient were computed on a storm-by-storm basis. Watershed-specific values of these three metrics were computed. A regression equation to estimate time-R based on drainage area and BDF was developed. Overall arithmetic means of volumetric runoff coefficient (0.41 dimensionless) and runoff coefficient (0.25 dimensionless) for the 24 watersheds were used to express the rational method in terms of excess rainfall (the excess rational method). Both the unit hydrograph method and excess rational method are shown to provide similar estimates of peak and time of peak streamflow. The results from the two methods can be combined by using arithmetic means. A nomograph is provided that shows the respective relations between the arithmetic-mean peak and time of peak streamflow to drainage areas ranging from 10 to 640 acres. The nomograph also shows the respective relations for selected BDF ranging from undeveloped to fully developed conditions. The nomograph represents the peak streamflow for 1 inch of excess rainfall based on drainage area and BDF; the peak streamflow for design storms from the nomograph can be multiplied by the excess rainfall to estimate peak streamflow. Time of peak streamflow is readily obtained from the nomograph. Therefore, given excess rainfall values derived from watershed-loss models, which are beyond the scope of this report, the nomograph represents a method for estimating peak and time of peak streamflow for applicable watersheds in the Houston metropolitan area. Lastly, analysis of the relative influence of BDF on peak streamflow is provided, and the results indicate a 0:04log<sub>10</sub> cubic feet per second change of peak streamflow per positive unit of change in BDF. This relative change can be used to adjust peak streamflow from the method or other hydrologic methods for a given BDF to other BDF values; example computations are provided.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20115104","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Harris County Flood Control District and the Texas Department of Transportation","usgsCitation":"Asquith, W.H., Cleveland, T., and Roussel, M.C., 2011, A method for estimating peak and time of peak streamflow from excess rainfall for 10- to 640-acre watersheds in the Houston, Texas, metropolitan area: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5104, vi, 31 p.; Appendices, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20115104.","productDescription":"vi, 31 p.; Appendices","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116586,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2011_5104.gif"},{"id":24530,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5104/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","city":"Houston","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -95.75,29.5 ], [ -95.75,30.25 ], [ -95,30.25 ], [ -95,29.5 ], [ -95.75,29.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b23e4b07f02db6ae101","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Asquith, William H. 0000-0002-7400-1861 wasquith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7400-1861","contributorId":1007,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Asquith","given":"William","email":"wasquith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":48595,"text":"Oklahoma-Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":351913,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cleveland, Theodore G.","contributorId":88029,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cleveland","given":"Theodore G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351915,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Roussel, Meghan C. mroussel@usgs.gov","contributorId":1578,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roussel","given":"Meghan","email":"mroussel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":351914,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70005047,"text":"sir20115126 - 2011 - Summary of the Georgia Agricultural Water Conservation and Metering Program and evaluation of methods used to collect and analyze irrigation data in the middle and lower Chattahoochee and Flint River basins, 2004-2010","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-17T11:21:19","indexId":"sir20115126","displayToPublicDate":"2011-08-08T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-5126","title":"Summary of the Georgia Agricultural Water Conservation and Metering Program and evaluation of methods used to collect and analyze irrigation data in the middle and lower Chattahoochee and Flint River basins, 2004-2010","docAbstract":"Since receiving jurisdiction from the State Legislature in June 2003 to implement the Georgia Agricultural Water Conservation and Metering Program, the Georgia Soil and Water Conservation Commission (Commission) by year-end 2010 installed more than 10,000 annually read water meters and nearly 200 daily reporting, satellite-transmitted, telemetry sites on irrigation systems located primarily in southern Georgia. More than 3,000 annually reported meters and 50 telemetry sites were installed during 2010 alone. The Commission monitored rates and volumes of agricultural irrigation supplied by groundwater, surface-water, and well-to-pond sources to inform water managers on the patterns and amounts of such water use and to determine effective and efficient resource utilization.\r\n\r\n  Summary analyses of 4 complete years of irrigation data collected from annually read water meters in the middle and lower Chattahoochee and Flint River basins during 2007-2010 indicated that groundwater-supplied fields received slightly more irrigation depth per acre than surface-water-supplied fields. Year 2007 yielded the largest disparity between irrigation depth supplied by groundwater and surface-water sources as farmers responded to severe-to-exceptional drought conditions with increased irrigation. Groundwater sources (wells and well-to-pond systems) outnumbered surface-water sources by a factor of five; each groundwater source applied a third more irrigation volume than surface water; and, total irrigation volume from groundwater exceeded that of surface water by a factor of 6.7. Metered irrigation volume indicated a pattern of low-to-high water use from northwest to southeast that could point to relations between agricultural water use, water-resource potential and availability, soil type, and crop patterns.\r\n\r\n  Normalizing metered irrigation-volume data by factoring out irrigated acres allowed irrigation water use to be expressed as an irrigation depth and nearly eliminated the disparity between volumes of applied irrigation derived from groundwater and surface water. Analysis of per-acre irrigation depths provided a commonality for comparing irrigation practices across the entire range of field sizes in southern Georgia and indicated underreporting of irrigated acres for some systems. Well-to-pond systems supplied irrigation at depths similar to groundwater and can be combined with groundwater irrigation data for subsequent analyses. Average irrigation depths during 2010 indicated an increase from average irrigation depths during 2008 and 2009, most likely the result of relatively dry conditions during 2010 compared to conditions in 2008 and 2009.\r\n\r\n  Geostatistical models facilitated estimation of irrigation water use for unmetered systems and demonstrated usefulness in redesigning the telemetry network. Geospatial analysis evaluated the ability of the telemetry network to represent annually reported water-meter data and presented an objective, unbiased method for revising the network.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20115126","usgsCitation":"Torak, L.J., and Painter, J.A., 2011, Summary of the Georgia Agricultural Water Conservation and Metering Program and evaluation of methods used to collect and analyze irrigation data in the middle and lower Chattahoochee and Flint River basins, 2004-2010: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5126, v, 25 p.: Dowload Packet: Tables, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20115126.","productDescription":"v, 25 p.: Dowload Packet: Tables","temporalStart":"2006-10-01","temporalEnd":"2010-09-30","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116587,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2011_5126.jpg"},{"id":24536,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5126/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Georgia","otherGeospatial":"Chattahoochee River Basin, Flint River Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -86,30 ], [ -86,34 ], [ -80.75,34 ], [ -80.75,30 ], [ -86,30 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b01e4b07f02db6986d3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Torak, Lynn J. ljtorak@usgs.gov","contributorId":401,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Torak","given":"Lynn","email":"ljtorak@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":351893,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Painter, Jaime A. 0000-0001-8883-9158 jpainter@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8883-9158","contributorId":1466,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Painter","given":"Jaime","email":"jpainter@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":316,"text":"Georgia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":351894,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70005060,"text":"sir20115071 - 2011 - Water availability and use pilot: Methods development for a regional assessment of groundwater availability, southwest alluvial basins, Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-15T21:50:54.643853","indexId":"sir20115071","displayToPublicDate":"2011-08-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-5071","title":"Water availability and use pilot: Methods development for a regional assessment of groundwater availability, southwest alluvial basins, Arizona","docAbstract":"Executive Summary:\n  Arizona is located in an arid to semiarid region in the southwestern United States and is one of the fastest growing States in the country. Population in Arizona surpassed 6.5 million people in 2008, an increase of 140 percent since 1980, when the last regional U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) groundwater study was done as part of the Regional Aquifer System Analysis (RASA) program. The alluvial basins of Arizona are part of the Basin and Range Physiographic Province and cover more than 73,000 mi<sup>2</sup>, 65 percent of the State's total land area. More than 85 percent of the State's population resides within this area, accounting for more than 95 percent of the State's groundwater use. Groundwater supplies in the area are expected to undergo further stress as an increasing population vies with the State's important agricultural sector for access to these limited resources. \n\n  To provide updated information to stakeholders addressing issues surrounding limited groundwater supplies and projected increases in groundwater use, the USGS Groundwater Resources Program instituted the Southwest Alluvial Basins Groundwater Availability and Use Pilot Program to evaluate the availability of groundwater resources in the alluvial basins of Arizona. The principal products of this evaluation of groundwater resources are updated groundwater budget information for the study area and a proof-of-concept groundwater-flow model incorporating several interconnected groundwater basins. This effort builds on previous research on the assessment and mapping of groundwater conditions in the alluvial basins of Arizona, also supported by the USGS Groundwater Resources Program. \n\n  Regional Groundwater Budget:\n  The Southwest Alluvial Basins-Regional Aquifer System Analysis (SWAB-RASA) study produced semiquantitative groundwater budgets for each of the alluvial basins in the SWAB-RASA study area. The pilot program documented in this report developed new quantitative estimates of groundwater budget components using recent (2000-2007) data and methods of data analysis. Estimates of inflow components, including mountain-front recharge, incidental recharge from irrigation of agriculture, managed recharge from recharge facilities, interbasin underflow from upgradient basins, and streamflow losses, are quantified for recent time periods. Mountain-front recharge is the greatest inflow component to the groundwater system and was estimated using two methods: a basin characteristic model and new precipitation information used in a previously developed regression equation. Annual mountain-front recharge for the study area for 1940-2007 estimated by the two methods is 730,000 acre-ft for the basin characteristic model and 643,000 acre-ft for the regression equation, representing 1.5 percent and 1.3 percent of precipitation, respectively. Outflow components, including groundwater withdrawals, evapotranspiration, and interbasin flow to downgradient basins, are also presented for recent time periods. Groundwater withdrawals accounted for the largest share of the water budget, with nearly 2.4 million acre-ft per year withdrawn from the study area in recent years. Evapotranspiration from groundwater was estimated at nearly 1.3 million acre-ft per year for the study area using a newly developed method incorporating vegetation indices from satellite images and land cover information. For water-budget components with temporal variation that could be assessed from available data, estimates for intervening time periods since before development were also developed. An estimate of aquifer storage change, representing both gains to and losses from the groundwater system since before development, was derived for the most developed basins in the study area using available estimates of groundwater-level changes and storage coefficients. An overall storage loss of 74.5 million acre-ft was estimated for these basins within the study area. \n\n  Demonstration","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20115071","collaboration":"National Water Availability and Use Pilot Program","usgsCitation":"Tillman, F., Cordova, J., Leake, S.A., Thomas, B.E., and Callegary, J.B., 2011, Water availability and use pilot: Methods development for a regional assessment of groundwater availability, southwest alluvial basins, Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5071, ix, 76 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20115071.","productDescription":"ix, 76 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116148,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2011_5071.gif"},{"id":392973,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_95406.htm"},{"id":24528,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5071/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Southwest Alluvial Basins","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -115,31.25 ], [ -115,36.5 ], [ -109,36.5 ], [ -109,31.25 ], [ -115,31.25 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a08e4b07f02db5fa2f4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tillman, Fred D. 0000-0002-2922-402X ftillman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2922-402X","contributorId":1629,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tillman","given":"Fred D.","email":"ftillman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":351906,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cordova, Jeffrey T. jcordova@usgs.gov","contributorId":1845,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cordova","given":"Jeffrey T.","email":"jcordova@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":472,"text":"New Mexico Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":351907,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Leake, Stanley A. 0000-0003-3568-2542 saleake@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3568-2542","contributorId":1846,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leake","given":"Stanley","email":"saleake@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":351908,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Thomas, Blakemore E.","contributorId":93871,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"Blakemore","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351910,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Callegary, James B. 0000-0003-3604-0517 jcallega@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3604-0517","contributorId":2171,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Callegary","given":"James","email":"jcallega@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":351909,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70005059,"text":"fs20113049 - 2011 - From ridge to reef&mdash;linking erosion and changing watersheds to impacts on the coral reef ecosystems of Hawai&#8216;i and the Pacific Ocean","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-04T12:55:48","indexId":"fs20113049","displayToPublicDate":"2011-08-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-3049","title":"From ridge to reef&mdash;linking erosion and changing watersheds to impacts on the coral reef ecosystems of Hawai&#8216;i and the Pacific Ocean","docAbstract":"<p>Coral reef ecosystems are threatened by unprecedented watershed changes in the United States and worldwide. These ecosystems sustain fishing and tourism industries essential to the economic survival of many communities. Sediment, nutrients, and pollutants from watersheds are increasingly transported to coastal waters, where these contaminants damage corals. Although pollution from watersheds is one of many factors threatening coral survival, it is one that local people can have a profound influence on. U.S. Geological Survey scientists are using mapping, monitoring, and computer modeling to better forecast the effects of watershed changes on reef health. Working with communities in Hawai&lsquo;i and on other U.S. islands in the Pacific, they are helping to provide the science needed to make informed decisions on watershed and coral reef management.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20113049","usgsCitation":"Stock, J., Cochran, S., Field, M.E., Jacobi, J.D., and Tribble, G., 2011, From ridge to reef&mdash;linking erosion and changing watersheds to impacts on the coral reef ecosystems of Hawai&#8216;i and the Pacific Ocean: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2011-3049, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20113049.","productDescription":"4 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":521,"text":"Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116741,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2011_3049.gif"},{"id":24527,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2011/3049/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawai'i","otherGeospatial":"Guam;U.S. Pacific Islands","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b44d0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stock, Jonathan D.","contributorId":94167,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stock","given":"Jonathan D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351905,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cochran, Susan A.","contributorId":27533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cochran","given":"Susan A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351903,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Field, Michael E. mfield@usgs.gov","contributorId":2101,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Field","given":"Michael","email":"mfield@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":351901,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jacobi, James D. 0000-0003-2313-7862 jjacobi@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2313-7862","contributorId":3705,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jacobi","given":"James","email":"jjacobi@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":521,"text":"Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5049,"text":"Pacific Islands Ecosys Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":351902,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Tribble, Gordon","contributorId":32632,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tribble","given":"Gordon","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351904,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70004547,"text":"70004547 - 2011 - How restructuring river connectivity changes freshwater fish biodiversity and biogeography","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-21T19:32:27.547243","indexId":"70004547","displayToPublicDate":"2011-08-04T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"How restructuring river connectivity changes freshwater fish biodiversity and biogeography","docAbstract":"Interbasin water transfer projects, in which river connectivity is restructured via man-made canals, are an increasingly popular solution to address the spatial mismatch between supply and demand of fresh water. However, the ecological consequences of such restructuring remain largely unexplored, and there are no general theoretical guidelines from which to derive these expectations. River systems provide excellent opportunities to explore how network connectivity shapes habitat occupancy, community dynamics, and biogeographic patterns. We apply a neutral model (which assumes competitive equivalence among species within a stochastic framework) to an empirically derived river network to explore how proposed changes in network connectivity may impact patterns of freshwater fish biodiversity. Without predicting the responses of individual extant species, we find the addition of canals connecting hydrologically isolated river basins facilitates the spread of common species and increases average local species richness without changing the total species richness of the system. These impacts are sensitive to the parameters controlling the spatial scale of fish dispersal, with increased dispersal affording more opportunities for biotic restructuring at the community and landscape scales. Connections between isolated basins have a much larger effect on local species richness than those connecting reaches within a river basin, even when those within-basin reaches are far apart. As a result, interbasin canal projects have the potential for long-term impacts to continental-scale riverine communities.","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1029/2010WR010330","usgsCitation":"Lynch, H.L., Campbell Grant, E.H., Muneepeerakul, R., Arunachalam, M., Rodriguez-Iturbe, I., and Fagan, W., 2011, How restructuring river connectivity changes freshwater fish biodiversity and biogeography: Water Resources Research, v. 47, W05531, 10 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2010WR010330.","productDescription":"W05531, 10 p.","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":204106,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"47","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-05-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a54e4b07f02db62bd75","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lynch, Heather L.","contributorId":29274,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lynch","given":"Heather","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350684,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Campbell Grant, Evan H. 0000-0003-4401-6496 ehgrant@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4401-6496","contributorId":150443,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Campbell Grant","given":"Evan","email":"ehgrant@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":350682,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Muneepeerakul, Rachata","contributorId":66130,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muneepeerakul","given":"Rachata","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350686,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Arunachalam, Muthukumarasamy","contributorId":44046,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arunachalam","given":"Muthukumarasamy","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350685,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Rodriguez-Iturbe, Ignacio","contributorId":24234,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rodriguez-Iturbe","given":"Ignacio","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350683,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Fagan, William F.","contributorId":108239,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fagan","given":"William F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350687,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70003654,"text":"70003654 - 2011 - How will climate change affect the potential distribution of Eurasian tree sparrows Passer montanus in North America?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-07T21:01:23.10755","indexId":"70003654","displayToPublicDate":"2011-08-04T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1362,"text":"Current Zoology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"How will climate change affect the potential distribution of Eurasian tree sparrows <i>Passer montanus</i> in North America?","title":"How will climate change affect the potential distribution of Eurasian tree sparrows Passer montanus in North America?","docAbstract":"<p><span>Habitat suitability models have been used to predict the present and future potential distribution of a variety of species. Eurasian tree sparrows&nbsp;</span><i>Passer montanus</i><span>, native to Eurasia, have established populations in other parts of the world. In North America, their current distribution is limited to a relatively small region around its original introduction to St. Louis, Missouri. We combined data from the Global Biodiversity Information Facility with current and future climate data to create habitat suitability models using Maxent for this species. Under projected climate change scenarios, our models show that the distribution and range of the Eurasian tree sparrow could increase as far as the Pacific Northwest and Newfoundland. This is potentially important information for prioritizing the management and control of this non-native species.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1093/czoolo/57.5.648","usgsCitation":"Graham, J., Jarnevich, C.S., Young, N., Newman, G., and Stohlgren, T.J., 2011, How will climate change affect the potential distribution of Eurasian tree sparrows Passer montanus in North America?: Current Zoology, v. 57, no. 5, p. 648-654, https://doi.org/10.1093/czoolo/57.5.648.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"648","endPage":"654","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474940,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/czoolo/57.5.648","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":204017,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"57","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-10-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a52e4b07f02db62a6da","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Graham, Jim","contributorId":37608,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graham","given":"Jim","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348193,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jarnevich, Catherine S. 0000-0002-9699-2336 jarnevichc@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9699-2336","contributorId":3424,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jarnevich","given":"Catherine","email":"jarnevichc@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":348191,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Young, Nick","contributorId":28489,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Young","given":"Nick","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348192,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Newman, Greg","contributorId":22636,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Newman","given":"Greg","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348190,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Stohlgren, Thomas J. 0000-0001-9696-4450 stohlgrent@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9696-4450","contributorId":2902,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stohlgren","given":"Thomas","email":"stohlgrent@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":348189,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70005036,"text":"ofr20111157 - 2011 - Description and testing of the Geo Data Portal: Data integration framework and Web processing services for environmental science collaboration","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:41","indexId":"ofr20111157","displayToPublicDate":"2011-08-04T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-1157","title":"Description and testing of the Geo Data Portal: Data integration framework and Web processing services for environmental science collaboration","docAbstract":"Interest in sharing interdisciplinary environmental modeling results and related data is increasing among scientists. The U.S. Geological Survey Geo Data Portal project enables data sharing by assembling open-standard Web services into an integrated data retrieval and analysis Web application design methodology that streamlines time-consuming and resource-intensive data management tasks. Data-serving Web services allow Web-based processing services to access Internet-available data sources. The Web processing services developed for the project create commonly needed derivatives of data in numerous formats. Coordinate reference system manipulation and spatial statistics calculation components implemented for the Web processing services were confirmed using ArcGIS 9.3.1, a geographic information science software package. Outcomes of the Geo Data Portal project support the rapid development of user interfaces for accessing and manipulating environmental data.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20111157","usgsCitation":"Blodgett, D.L., Booth, N., Kunicki, T.C., Walker, J.I., and Viger, R., 2011, Description and testing of the Geo Data Portal: Data integration framework and Web processing services for environmental science collaboration: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1157, iv, 9 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111157.","productDescription":"iv, 9 p.","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116183,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2011_1157.gif"},{"id":24518,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1157/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ab0e4b07f02db66db36","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Blodgett, David L. 0000-0001-9489-1710 dblodgett@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9489-1710","contributorId":3868,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blodgett","given":"David","email":"dblodgett@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5054,"text":"Office of Water Information","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":351864,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Booth, Nathaniel L. nlbooth@usgs.gov","contributorId":651,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Booth","given":"Nathaniel L.","email":"nlbooth@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":351863,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kunicki, Thomas C. tkunicki@usgs.gov","contributorId":4609,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kunicki","given":"Thomas","email":"tkunicki@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":351866,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Walker, Jordan I. 0000-0003-2226-3373 jiwalker@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2226-3373","contributorId":4608,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walker","given":"Jordan","email":"jiwalker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":160,"text":"Center for Integrated Data Analytics","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":351865,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Viger, Roland J.","contributorId":97528,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Viger","given":"Roland J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351867,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70005030,"text":"70005030 - 2011 - Burn severity and non-native species in Yosemite National Park, California, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-23T16:44:32.86269","indexId":"70005030","displayToPublicDate":"2011-08-04T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1636,"text":"Fire Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Burn severity and non-native species in Yosemite National Park, California, USA","docAbstract":"<p><span>We examined non-native species density three years after the Tuolumne Fire, which burned 1540 ha in upper montane forest in California, USA. We sampled 60 plots, stratified by burn severity (low, moderate, or high severity) and landscape position (lowland or upland). We detected non-native species in 8 of 11 (73 %) of high severity lowland sites and in 5 of 10 (50 %) of moderate severity lowland sites but, overall, richness and abundance was low. We detected only five non-native species, of which bull thistle (</span><i>Cirsium vulgare</i><span>&nbsp;[Savi] Ten.) was the most common. Although non-native abundance is currently low, we recommend continued low intensity monitoring, especially on high severity burned lowland sites.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.4996/fireecology.0702145","usgsCitation":"Kaczynski, K.M., Beatty, S.W., van Wagtendonk, J., and Marshall, K.N., 2011, Burn severity and non-native species in Yosemite National Park, California, USA: Fire Ecology, v. 7, no. 2, p. 145-149, https://doi.org/10.4996/fireecology.0702145.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"145","endPage":"149","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474941,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.4996/fireecology.0702145","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":204095,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Yosemite National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -120.16296386718749,\n              36.84006462037767\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.63037109375,\n              36.84006462037767\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.63037109375,\n              38.70694605159386\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.16296386718749,\n              38.70694605159386\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.16296386718749,\n              36.84006462037767\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"7","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-08-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a07e4b07f02db5f994e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kaczynski, Kristen M.","contributorId":88472,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kaczynski","given":"Kristen","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351840,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Beatty, Susan W.","contributorId":70530,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beatty","given":"Susan","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351839,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"van Wagtendonk, Jan W. 0000-0002-0788-2654","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0788-2654","contributorId":98269,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"van Wagtendonk","given":"Jan W.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":351841,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Marshall, Kristin N.","contributorId":27178,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marshall","given":"Kristin","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351838,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70005035,"text":"ofr20111173 - 2011 - The shallow stratigraphy and sand resources offshore of the Mississippi Barrier Islands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-03-13T14:48:02","indexId":"ofr20111173","displayToPublicDate":"2011-08-04T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-1173","title":"The shallow stratigraphy and sand resources offshore of the Mississippi Barrier Islands","docAbstract":"<p>Coastal Mississippi is protected by a series of barrier islands ranging in length from 10-25 kilometers that are less than 2 kilometers wide. The majority of these islands comprise the Gulf Islands National Seashore (GUIS), an ecologically diverse shoreline that provides habitat for wildlife including migratory birds and endangered animals. The majority of GUIS is submerged, and aquatic environments include dynamic tidal inlets, ebb-tide deltas, and seagrass beds. The islands are in a state of decline, with land areas severely reduced during the past century by storms, sea-level rise, and human alteration. Morton (2008) estimates that since the mid-1800s up to 64 percent of island surface area has been lost. Heavy damage was inflicted in 2005 by Hurricane Katrina, which passed by as a Category 3 storm and battered the islands with winds of more than 160 kilometers per hour and a storm surge up to 9 meters.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Since 2007, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in collaboration with the National Park Service, has been mapping the seafloor and substrate around the islands as part of the USGS Northern Gulf of Mexico Ecosystem Change and Hazard Susceptibility project. The purpose of these investigations is to characterize the near-surface stratigraphy and identify the influence it may have on island evolution and fate. In 2009, this effort provided the basis for a collaborative effort with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) to expand the investigation outside of GUIS boundaries as part of the Mississippi Coastal Improvement Project (MsCIP). The MsCIP program consists of structural, nonstructural, and environmental project elements to restore portions of coastal Mississippi and GUIS affected by storm impact. The project includes the placement of sand along the islands, both on the present beaches and within the littoral zone, to mitigate shoreline erosion and breaching. This action requires the location and assessment of offshore sand or sediment deposits that can provide suitable material for shoreline renourishment. The geophysical and sample information collected by the USGS during geologic investigations provides this information.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>As part of the MsCIP program, in March 2010 the USGS mapped approximately 300 square kilometers of seafloor around GUIS. Interferometric swath bathymetry, sidescan sonar, and Chirp sub-bottom profiling were used to characterize seafloor elevations, texture, and the underlying stratigraphy. On the basis of this information, potential sediment resources were identified. The most promising offshore deposits for beach restoration include shoals, lowstand valley fill, tidal delta deposits, abandoned barrier deposits, and dredge spoil. Of these, lowstand valley fill deposits and dredge spoil are less desirable; lowstand deposits are buried under a 2- to 4-meter blanket of mud, and dredge spoil volume is small. A relict tidal delta and submerged shoals are the most desirable deposits; the tidal delta contains a large volume of material still exposed on the seafloor, and parts of submerged shoals have modest volume and thin mud cover.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20111173","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","usgsCitation":"Twichell, D., Pendleton, E., Baldwin, W., Foster, D., Flocks, J., Kelso, K., DeWitt, N., Pfeiffer, W., Forde, A., Krick, J., and Baehr, J., 2011, The shallow stratigraphy and sand resources offshore of the Mississippi Barrier Islands (First posted August 4, 2011; Revised March 13, 2014, version 1.1): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1173, 63 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111173.","productDescription":"63 p.","numberOfPages":"65","temporalStart":"2007-01-01","temporalEnd":"2010-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116736,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2011_1173.gif"},{"id":24517,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1173/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":283953,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1173/pdf/90171_twichell_ofr_final_withcover.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Mississippi","otherGeospatial":"Mississippi Barrier Islands;Gulf Islands National Seashore","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -89.2989,29.965 ], [ -89.2989,30.5493 ], [ -87.7993,30.5493 ], [ -87.7993,29.965 ], [ -89.2989,29.965 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"First posted August 4, 2011; Revised March 13, 2014, version 1.1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a62e4b07f02db6363e0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Twichell, David","contributorId":15871,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Twichell","given":"David","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351853,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pendleton, Elizabeth A. ependleton@usgs.gov","contributorId":2863,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pendleton","given":"Elizabeth A.","email":"ependleton@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":351852,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Baldwin, Wayne","contributorId":45625,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baldwin","given":"Wayne","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351856,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Foster, David","contributorId":19473,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foster","given":"David","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351854,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Flocks, James","contributorId":62266,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flocks","given":"James","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351857,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kelso, Kyle","contributorId":68017,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kelso","given":"Kyle","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351858,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"DeWitt, Nancy","contributorId":90708,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeWitt","given":"Nancy","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351860,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Pfeiffer, William","contributorId":95801,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pfeiffer","given":"William","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351861,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Forde, Arnell 0000-0002-5581-2255","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5581-2255","contributorId":87860,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Forde","given":"Arnell","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351859,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Krick, Jason","contributorId":101989,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krick","given":"Jason","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351862,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Baehr, John","contributorId":32452,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baehr","given":"John","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351855,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}}
,{"id":70005037,"text":"sir20105214 - 2011 - Application of the Local Grid Refinement package to an inset model simulating the interaction of lakes, wells, and shallow groundwater, northwestern Waukesha County, Wisconsin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-14T19:49:37.26436","indexId":"sir20105214","displayToPublicDate":"2011-08-04T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-5214","title":"Application of the Local Grid Refinement package to an inset model simulating the interaction of lakes, wells, and shallow groundwater, northwestern Waukesha County, Wisconsin","docAbstract":"Groundwater use from shallow, high-capacity wells is expected to increase across southeastern Wisconsin in the next decade (2010-2020), owing to residential and business growth and the need for shallow water to be blended with deeper water of lesser quality, containing, for example, excessive levels of radium. However, this increased pumping has the potential to affect surface-water features. A previously developed regional groundwater-flow model for southeastern Wisconsin was used as the starting point for a new model to characterize the hydrology of part of northwestern Waukesha County, with a particular focus on the relation between the shallow aquifer and several area lakes. An inset MODFLOW model was embedded in an updated version of the original regional model. Modifications made within the inset model domain include finer grid resolution; representation of Beaver, Pine, and North Lakes by use of the LAK3 package in MODFLOW; and representation of selected stream reaches with the SFR package. Additionally, the inset model is actively linked to the regional model by use of the recently released Local Grid Refinement package for MODFLOW-2005, which allows changes at the regional scale to propagate to the local scale and vice versa. \r\n\r\n  The calibrated inset model was used to simulate the hydrologic system in the Chenequa area under various weather and pumping conditions. The simulated model results for base conditions show that groundwater is the largest inflow component for Beaver Lake (equal to 59 percent of total inflow). For Pine and North Lakes, it is still an important component (equal, respectively, to 16 and 5 percent of total inflow), but for both lakes it is less than the contribution from precipitation and surface water. Severe drought conditions (simulated in a rough way by reducing both precipitation and recharge rates for 5 years to two-thirds of base values) cause correspondingly severe reductions in lake stage and flows. The addition of a test well south of Chenequa at a pumping rate of 47 gal/min from a horizon approximately 200 feet below land surface has little effect on lake stages or flows even after 5 years of pumping. In these scenarios, the stage and the surface-water outflow from Pine Lake are simulated to decrease by only 0.03 feet and 3 percent, respectively, relative to base conditions. Likely explanations for these limited effects are the modest pumping rate simulated, the depth of the test well, and the large transmissivity of the unconsolidated aquifer, which allows the well to draw water from upstream along the bedrock valley and to capture inflow from the Bark River. However, if the pumping rate of the test well is assumed to increase to 200 gal/min, the decrease in simulated Pine Lake outflow is appreciably larger, dropping by 14 percent relative to base-flow conditions.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20105214","usgsCitation":"Feinstein, D.T., Dunning, C.P., Juckem, P., and Hunt, R.J., 2011, Application of the Local Grid Refinement package to an inset model simulating the interaction of lakes, wells, and shallow groundwater, northwestern Waukesha County, Wisconsin: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2010-5214, vi, 30 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20105214.","productDescription":"vi, 30 p.","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":423581,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_95399.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":24519,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5214/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":116182,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2010_5214.gif"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","county":"Waukesha County","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -88.4278,\n              43.1728\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.4278,\n              43.0833\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.3231,\n              43.0833\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.3231,\n              43.1728\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.4278,\n              43.1728\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac6e4b07f02db67a8c0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Feinstein, D. T.","contributorId":47328,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Feinstein","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351871,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dunning, C. P.","contributorId":35792,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dunning","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351869,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Juckem, P. F.","contributorId":24819,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Juckem","given":"P. F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351868,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hunt, R. J.","contributorId":40164,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunt","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351870,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70003939,"text":"70003939 - 2011 - Dynamics of a plant-herbivore-predator system with plant-toxicity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-18T15:09:55.429348","indexId":"70003939","displayToPublicDate":"2011-08-03T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2698,"text":"Mathematical Biosciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Dynamics of a plant-herbivore-predator system with plant-toxicity","docAbstract":"A system of ordinary differential equations is considered that models the interactions of two plant species populations, an herbivore population, and a predator population. We use a toxin-determined functional response to describe the interactions between plant species and herbivores and use a Holling Type II functional response to model the interactions between herbivores and predators. In order to study how the predators impact the succession of vegetation, we derive invasion conditions under which a plant species can invade into an environment in which another plant species is co-existing with a herbivore population with or without a predator population. These conditions provide threshold quantities for several parameters that may play a key role in the dynamics of the system. Numerical simulations are conducted to reinforce the analytical results. This model can be applied to a boreal ecosystem trophic chain to examine the possible cascading effects of predator-control actions when plant species differ in their levels of toxic defense.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/j.mbs.2010.12.005","usgsCitation":"Feng, Z., Qiu, Z., Liu, R., and DeAngelis, D.L., 2011, Dynamics of a plant-herbivore-predator system with plant-toxicity: Mathematical Biosciences, v. 229, no. 2, p. 190-204, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mbs.2010.12.005.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"190","endPage":"204","costCenters":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":203869,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"229","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a59e4b07f02db63007b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Feng, Zhilan","contributorId":30341,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Feng","given":"Zhilan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349613,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Qiu, Zhipeng","contributorId":7823,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Qiu","given":"Zhipeng","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349612,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Liu, Rongsong","contributorId":43480,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Liu","given":"Rongsong","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349614,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"DeAngelis, Donald L. 0000-0002-1570-4057 don_deangelis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1570-4057","contributorId":147273,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeAngelis","given":"Donald","email":"don_deangelis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":349615,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70004541,"text":"70004541 - 2011 - Heightened exposure to parasites favors the evolution of immunity in brood parasitic cowbirds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-23T16:35:05.92178","indexId":"70004541","displayToPublicDate":"2011-08-03T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1602,"text":"Evolutionary Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Heightened exposure to parasites favors the evolution of immunity in brood parasitic cowbirds","docAbstract":"<p><span>Immunologists and evolutionary biologists are interested in how the immune system evolves to fit an ecological niche. We studied the relationship between exposure to parasites and strength of immunity by investigating the response of two species of New World cowbirds (genus&nbsp;</span><i>Molothrus</i><span>, Icteridae), obligate brood parasites with contrasting life history strategies, to experimental arboviral infection. The South American shiny cowbird (</span><i>M. bonariensis</i><span>) is an&nbsp;</span><i>extreme host</i><span>-</span><i>generalist</i><span>&nbsp;that lays its eggs in the nests of &gt;225 different avian species. The Central American bronzed cowbird (</span><i>M. aeneus</i><span>) is a&nbsp;</span><i>relative host</i><span>-</span><i>specialist</i><span>&nbsp;that lays its eggs preferentially in the nests of approximately 12 orioles in a single sister genus. West Nile virus provided a strong challenge and delineated immune differences between these species. The extreme host-generalist shiny cowbird, like the North American host-generalist, the brown-headed cowbird, showed significantly lower viremia to three arboviruses than related icterid species that were not brood parasites. The bronzed cowbird showed intermediate viremia. These findings support the interpretation that repeated exposure to a high diversity of parasites favors the evolution of enhanced immunity in brood parasitic cowbirds and makes them useful models for future studies of innate immunity.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s11692-011-9112-0","usgsCitation":"Hahn, C., and Reisen, W.K., 2011, Heightened exposure to parasites favors the evolution of immunity in brood parasitic cowbirds: Evolutionary Biology, v. 38, no. 2, p. 214-224, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11692-011-9112-0.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"214","endPage":"224","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":203934,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"38","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-03-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a61e4b07f02db635e17","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hahn, Caldwell 0000-0002-5242-2059 chahn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5242-2059","contributorId":3203,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hahn","given":"Caldwell","email":"chahn@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":350659,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reisen, William K.","contributorId":63142,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reisen","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350660,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70005011,"text":"sir20115124 - 2011 - Hydrogeologic framework and hydrologic budget components of the Columbia Plateau Regional Aquifer System, Washington, Oregon, and Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:41","indexId":"sir20115124","displayToPublicDate":"2011-08-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-5124","title":"Hydrogeologic framework and hydrologic budget components of the Columbia Plateau Regional Aquifer System, Washington, Oregon, and Idaho","docAbstract":"The Columbia Plateau Regional Aquifer System (CPRAS) covers an area of about 44,000 square miles in a structural and topographic basin within the drainage of the Columbia River in Washington, Oregon, and Idaho. The primary aquifers are basalts of the Columbia River Basalt Group (CRBG) and overlying sediment. Eighty percent of the groundwater use in the study area is for irrigation, in support of a $6 billion per year agricultural economy. Water-resources issues in the Columbia Plateau include competing agricultural, domestic, and environmental demands. Groundwater levels were measured in 470 wells in 1984 and 2009; water levels declined in 83 percent of the wells, and declines greater than 25 feet were measured in 29 percent of the wells. Conceptually, the system is a series of productive basalt aquifers consisting of permeable interflow zones separated by less permeable flow interiors; in places, sedimentary aquifers overly the basalts. The aquifer system of the CPRAS includes seven hydrogeologic units-the overburden aquifer, three aquifer units in the permeable basalt rock, two confining units, and a basement confining unit. The overburden aquifer includes alluvial and colluvial valley-fill deposits; the three basalt units are the Saddle Mountains, Wanapum, and Grande Ronde Basalts and their intercalated sediments. The confining units are equivalent to the Saddle Mountains-Wanapum and Wanapum-Grande Ronde interbeds, referred to in this study as the Mabton and Vantage Interbeds, respectively. The basement confining unit, referred to as Older Bedrock, consists of pre-CRBG rocks that generally have much lower permeabilities than the basalts and are considered the base of the regional flow system. Based on specific-capacity data, median horizontal hydraulic conductivity (Kh) values for the overburden, basalt units, and bedrock are 161, 70, and 6 feet per day, respectively. Analysis of oxygen isotopes in water and carbon isotopes in dissolved inorganic carbon from groundwater samples indicates that groundwater in the CPRAS ranges in age from modern (<50 years) to Pleistocene (>10,000 years). The oldest groundwater resides in deep, downgradient locations indicating that groundwater movement and replenishment in parts of this regional aquifer system have operated on long timescales under past natural conditions, which is consistent with the length and depth of long flow paths in the system. The mean annual recharge from infiltration of precipitation for the 23-year period 1985-2007 was estimated to be 4.6 inches per year (14,980 cubic feet per second) using a polynomial regression equation based on annual precipitation and the results of recharge modeling done in the 1980s. A regional-scale hydrologic budget was developed using a monthly SOil WATer (SOWAT) Balance model to estimate irrigation-water demand, groundwater flux (recharge or discharge), direct runoff, and soil moisture within irrigated areas. Mean monthly irrigation throughout the study area peaks in July at 1.6 million acre-feet (MAF), of which 0.45 and 1.15 MAF are from groundwater and surface-water sources, respectively. Annual irrigation water use in the study area averaged 5.3 MAF during the period 1985-2007, with 1.4 MAF (or 26 percent) supplied from groundwater and 3.9 MAF supplied from surface water. Mean annual recharge from irrigation return flow in the study area was 4.2 MAF (1985-2007) with 2.1 MAF (50 percent) occurring within the predominately surface-water irrigated regions of the study area. Annual groundwater-use estimates were made for public supply, self-supplied domestic, industrial, and other uses for the period 1984 through 2009. Public supply groundwater use within the study area increased from 200,600 acre-feet per year (acre-ft/yr) in 1984 to 269,100 acre-ft/yr in 2009. Domestic self-supplied groundwater use increased from 54,580 acre-ft/yr in 1984 to 71,160 acre-ft/yr in 2009. Industrial groundwater use decreased from 53,390 acre-ft/yr in 1984 t","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20115124","collaboration":"Groundwater Resources Program","usgsCitation":"Kahle, S.C., Morgan, D.S., Welch, W., Ely, D., Hinkle, S., Vaccaro, J.J., and Orzol, L., 2011, Hydrogeologic framework and hydrologic budget components of the Columbia Plateau Regional Aquifer System, Washington, Oregon, and Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5124, x, 63 p.; Appendix, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20115124.","productDescription":"x, 63 p.; Appendix","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116145,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2011_5124.jpg"},{"id":24486,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5124/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"state":"Washington;Oregon;Idaho","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ee4b07f02db627d96","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kahle, S. C.","contributorId":46992,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kahle","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351817,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Morgan, D. S.","contributorId":19184,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morgan","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351815,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Welch, W.B.","contributorId":53895,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Welch","given":"W.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351819,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ely, D.M.","contributorId":33356,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ely","given":"D.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351816,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hinkle, S.R.","contributorId":74778,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hinkle","given":"S.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351821,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Vaccaro, J. J.","contributorId":48173,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vaccaro","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351818,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Orzol, L.L.","contributorId":63419,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Orzol","given":"L.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351820,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70005008,"text":"sir20115108 - 2011 - Environmental factors that influence the location of crop agriculture in the conterminous United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-03-18T11:19:09","indexId":"sir20115108","displayToPublicDate":"2011-08-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-5108","title":"Environmental factors that influence the location of crop agriculture in the conterminous United States","docAbstract":"<p>This report presents and describes high-resolution geospatial data identifying the range of environmental conditions that influence the location of cropped agricultural lands in the conterminous United States. Also presented are estimates of the extent of land where environmental constraints limit agricultural production (marginal land) and the extents of land where modifications overcome environmental constraints. The report is the result of the compilation and manipulation of datasets from numerous sources; it consists of an explanatory text and a series of appendixes and associated tables that document the data sources and data-manipulation methods in detail.</p>\n<p><br /> Environmental factors that influence the extent of crop agriculture are terrain, climate, soil properties, and soil water. It is the combination of these four factors that allow specific crops to be grown in certain areas. Today, in order to maximize production, most of the cultivated croplands and grasslands for commercial agriculture are in areas where crops and livestock are well suited to local conditions. In the United States, cropland (row crops, closely sown crops (except hay), fruits, nuts, vegetables) occupies about 13 percent of the total land area. Grassland and rangeland occupy another 41 percent of the land area.</p>\n<p>Most crops are grown on land with shallow slope where the temperature, precipitation, and soils are favorable. In areas that are too steep, wet, or dry, landscapes have been modified to allow cultivation. Some of the limitations of the environmental factors that determine the location of agriculture can be overcome through modifications, but others cannot. On a larger-than-field scale, agricultural modifications commonly influence water availability through irrigation and (or) drainage and soil fertility and (or) organic-matter content through amendments such as manure, commercial fertilizer and lime. In general, it is not feasible to modify the other environmental factors, soil texture, soil depth, soil mineralogy, temperature, and terrain at large scales. </p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20115108","collaboration":"National Water-Quality Assessment Program","usgsCitation":"Baker, N.T., and Capel, P.D., 2011, Environmental factors that influence the location of crop agriculture in the conterminous United States: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5108, x, 35 p.; Appendices; Appendices 1-8; Appendix 2 Table; Appendix 8 Table, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20115108.","productDescription":"x, 35 p.; Appendices; Appendices 1-8; Appendix 2 Table; Appendix 8 Table","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116181,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2011_5108.gif"},{"id":298702,"rank":101,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5108/pdf/SIR2011_5108.pdf","text":"Report","size":"17.6 MB"},{"id":24484,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5108/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"county":"United States","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9be4b07f02db65dd96","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Baker, Nancy T. 0000-0002-7979-5744 ntbaker@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7979-5744","contributorId":1955,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baker","given":"Nancy","email":"ntbaker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":27231,"text":"Indiana-Kentucky Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":351813,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Capel, Paul D. 0000-0003-1620-5185 capel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1620-5185","contributorId":1002,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Capel","given":"Paul","email":"capel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":351812,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70004995,"text":"70004995 - 2011 - Demography of the San Francisco gartersnake in coastal San Mateo County, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-29T19:01:00.864766","indexId":"70004995","displayToPublicDate":"2011-08-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2287,"text":"Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Demography of the San Francisco gartersnake in coastal San Mateo County, California","docAbstract":"<p><span>The San Francisco gartersnake&nbsp;</span><i>Thamnophis sirtalis tetrataenia</i><span>&nbsp;has been federally listed as endangered since 1967, but little demographic information exists for this species. We examined the demography of a San Francisco gartersnake population on approximately 213&nbsp;ha of California coastal prairie in San Mateo County, California, from 2007 to 2010. The best-supported mark–recapture model indicated annual variation in daily capture probabilities and annual survival rates. Abundance increased throughout the study period, with a mean total population from 2008 to 2010 of 443 (95% CI  =  313–646) individuals. Annual survival was slightly greater than that of most other gartersnakes, with an annual probability of survival of 0.78 (0.55–0.95) in 2008–2009 and 0.75 (0.49–0.93) in 2009–2010. Mean annual per capita recruitment rates were 0.73 (0.02–2.50) in 2008–2009 and 0.47 (0.02–1.42) in 2009–2010. From 2008 to 2010, the probability of an increase in abundance at this site was 0.873, with an estimated increase of 115 (−82 to 326) individuals. The estimated population growth rate in 2008–2009 was 1.52 (0.73–3.29) and in 2009–2010 was 1.21 (0.70–2.17). Although this population is probably stable or increasing in the short term, long-term studies of the status of the San Francisco gartersnake at other sites are required to estimate population trends and to elucidate mechanisms that promote the recovery of this charismatic member of our native herpetofauna.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service","publisherLocation":"Shepherdstown, Virginia","doi":"10.3996/012011-JFWM-009","usgsCitation":"Halstead, B., Wylie, G.D., Amarello, M., Smith, J., Thompson, M., Routman, E.J., and Casazza, M.L., 2011, Demography of the San Francisco gartersnake in coastal San Mateo County, California: Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management, v. 2, no. 1, p. 41-48, https://doi.org/10.3996/012011-JFWM-009.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"41","endPage":"48","numberOfPages":"8","temporalStart":"2007-01-01","temporalEnd":"2010-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474944,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3996/012011-jfwm-009","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":203876,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"San Mateo County","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -122.1075439453125,\n              36.97622678464096\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.12951660156249,\n              37.17344871200958\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.4591064453125,\n              37.69251435532741\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.53051757812499,\n              37.67077737288316\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.53601074218751,\n              37.52279705525959\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.4591064453125,\n              37.31775185163688\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.354736328125,\n              37.077093191754436\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.15698242187499,\n              36.954281585675965\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.1075439453125,\n              36.97622678464096\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"2","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ab2e4b07f02db66ec7d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Halstead, Brian J. 0000-0002-5535-6528 bhalstead@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5535-6528","contributorId":3051,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Halstead","given":"Brian J.","email":"bhalstead@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":351793,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wylie, Glenn D. 0000-0002-7061-6658 glenn_wylie@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7061-6658","contributorId":3052,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wylie","given":"Glenn","email":"glenn_wylie@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":351794,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Amarello, Melissa","contributorId":90860,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Amarello","given":"Melissa","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351796,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Smith, Jeffrey J.","contributorId":84890,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Jeffrey J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351795,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Thompson, Michelle E.","contributorId":105032,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"Michelle E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351798,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Routman, Eric J.","contributorId":92407,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Routman","given":"Eric","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351797,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Casazza, Michael L. 0000-0002-5636-735X mike_casazza@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5636-735X","contributorId":2091,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Casazza","given":"Michael","email":"mike_casazza@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":351792,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70118152,"text":"70118152 - 2011 - Detection probability in aerial surveys of feral horses","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-25T16:54:03","indexId":"70118152","displayToPublicDate":"2011-08-01T16:51:55","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Detection probability in aerial surveys of feral horses","docAbstract":"Observation bias pervades data collected during aerial surveys of large animals, and although some sources can be mitigated with informed planning, others must be addressed using valid sampling techniques that carefully model detection probability. Nonetheless, aerial surveys are frequently employed to count large mammals without applying such methods to account for heterogeneity in visibility of animal groups on the landscape. This often leaves managers and interest groups at odds over decisions that are not adequately informed. I analyzed detection of feral horse (Equus caballus) groups by dual independent observers from 24 fixed-wing and 16 helicopter flights using mixed-effect logistic regression models to investigate potential sources of observation bias. I accounted for observer skill, population location, and aircraft type in the model structure and analyzed the effects of group size, sun effect (position related to observer), vegetation type, topography, cloud cover, percent snow cover, and observer fatigue on detection of horse groups. The most important model-averaged effects for both fixed-wing and helicopter surveys included group size (fixed-wing: odds ratio = 0.891, 95% CI = 0.850–0.935; helicopter: odds ratio = 0.640, 95% CI = 0.587–0.698) and sun effect (fixed-wing: odds ratio = 0.632, 95% CI = 0.350–1.141; helicopter: odds ratio = 0.194, 95% CI = 0.080–0.470). Observer fatigue was also an important effect in the best model for helicopter surveys, with detection probability declining after 3 hr of survey time (odds ratio = 0.278, 95% CI = 0.144–0.537). Biases arising from sun effect and observer fatigue can be mitigated by pre-flight survey design. Other sources of bias, such as those arising from group size, topography, and vegetation can only be addressed by employing valid sampling techniques such as double sampling, mark–resight (batch-marked animals), mark–recapture (uniquely marked and identifiable animals), sightability bias correction models, and line transect distance sampling; however, some of these techniques may still only partially correct for negative observation biases.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Wildlife Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Society","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1002/jwmg.204","usgsCitation":"Ransom, J.I., 2011, Detection probability in aerial surveys of feral horses: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 76, no. 2, p. 299-307, https://doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.204.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"299","endPage":"307","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":291076,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":291075,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.204"}],"volume":"76","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-08-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57fe7f19e4b0824b2d147648","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ransom, Jason I. 0000-0002-5930-4004","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5930-4004","contributorId":71645,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ransom","given":"Jason","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496480,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70148186,"text":"70148186 - 2011 - Implications of discontinuous elevation gradients on fragmentation and restoration in patterned wetlands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-08T15:20:06","indexId":"70148186","displayToPublicDate":"2011-08-01T11:15:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1475,"text":"Ecosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Implications of discontinuous elevation gradients on fragmentation and restoration in patterned wetlands","docAbstract":"<p>Large wetlands around the world face the possibility of degradation, not only from complete conversion, but also from subtle changes in their structure and function. While fragmentation and isolation of wetlands within heterogeneous landscapes has received much attention, the disruption of spatial patterns/processes within large wetland systems and the resulting fragmentation of community components are less well documented. A greater understanding of pattern/process relationships and landscape gradients, and what occurs when they are altered, could help avoid undesirable consequences of restoration actions. The objective of this study is to determine the amount of fragmentation of sawgrass ridges due to artificial impoundment of water and how that may be differentially affected by spatial position relative to north and south levees. We also introduce groundbreaking evidence of landscape-level discontinuous elevation gradients within WCA3AS by comparing generalized linear and generalized additive models. These relatively abrupt breaks in elevation may have non-linear effects on hydrology and vegetation communities and would be crucial in restoration considerations. Modeling suggests there are abrupt breaks in elevation as a function of northing (<i>Y</i>-coordinate). Fragmentation indices indicate that fragmentation is a function of elevation and easting (<i>X</i>-coordinate), and that fragmentation has increased from 1988-2002. When landscapes change and the changes are compounded by non-linear landscape variables that are described herein, the maintenance processes change with them, creating a degraded feedback loop that alters the system's response to structuring variables and diminishes our ability to predict the effects of restoration projects or climate change. Only when these landscape variables and linkages are clearly defined can we predict the response to potential perturbations and apply the knowledge to other landscape-level wetland systems in need of future restoration.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1890/ES11-00119.1","usgsCitation":"Zweig, C.L., Reichert, B.E., and Kitchens, W.M., 2011, Implications of discontinuous elevation gradients on fragmentation and restoration in patterned wetlands: Ecosphere, v. 2, no. 8, p. 1-14, https://doi.org/10.1890/ES11-00119.1.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"14","numberOfPages":"14","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-025577","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474948,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1890/es11-00119.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":300774,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Everglades, Water Conservation Area 3A","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -80.88272094726561,\n              25.764030136696327\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.88272094726561,\n              26.33280692289788\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.37872314453125,\n              26.33280692289788\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.37872314453125,\n              25.764030136696327\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.88272094726561,\n              25.764030136696327\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"2","issue":"8","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55659948e4b0d9246a9eb629","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zweig, Christa L.","contributorId":99767,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zweig","given":"Christa","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":547590,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reichert, Brian E. 0000-0002-9640-0695","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9640-0695","contributorId":22166,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reichert","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":547591,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kitchens, Wiley M. kitchensw@usgs.gov","contributorId":2851,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kitchens","given":"Wiley","email":"kitchensw@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":547545,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70003904,"text":"70003904 - 2011 - Assessing power of large river fish monitoring programs to detect population changes: the Missouri River sturgeon example","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-10-13T11:28:21","indexId":"70003904","displayToPublicDate":"2011-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2166,"text":"Journal of Applied Ichthyology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessing power of large river fish monitoring programs to detect population changes: the Missouri River sturgeon example","docAbstract":"In 2003, the US Army Corps of Engineers initiated the Pallid Sturgeon Population Assessment Program (PSPAP) to monitor pallid sturgeon and the fish community of the Missouri River. The power analysis of PSPAP presented here was conducted to guide sampling design and effort decisions. The PSPAP sampling design has a nested structure with multiple gear subsamples within a river bend. Power analyses were based on a normal linear mixed model, using a mixed cell means approach, with variance estimates from the original data. It was found that, at current effort levels, at least 20 years for pallid and 10 years for shovelnose sturgeon is needed to detect a 5% annual decline. Modified bootstrap simulations suggest power estimates from the original data are conservative due to excessive zero fish counts. In general, the approach presented is applicable to a wide array of animal monitoring programs.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","publisherLocation":"Hoboken, NJ","doi":"10.1111/j.1439-0426.2010.01635.x","usgsCitation":"Wildhaber, M., Holan, S., Bryan, J., Gladish, D., and Ellersieck, M., 2011, Assessing power of large river fish monitoring programs to detect population changes: the Missouri River sturgeon example: Journal of Applied Ichthyology, v. 27, no. 2, p. 282-290, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0426.2010.01635.x.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"282","endPage":"290","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474952,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0426.2010.01635.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":204128,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","volume":"27","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-03-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abbe4b07f02db672a5b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wildhaber, M. L. 0000-0002-6538-9083","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6538-9083","contributorId":62961,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wildhaber","given":"M. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349413,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Holan, S. H.","contributorId":76453,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Holan","given":"S. H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349415,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bryan, J.L.","contributorId":15328,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bryan","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349412,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gladish, D. W.","contributorId":68445,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gladish","given":"D. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349414,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ellersieck, M.","contributorId":105841,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellersieck","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349416,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70036963,"text":"70036963 - 2011 - Northern Hemisphere modes of variability and the timing of spring in western North America","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-15T20:03:05.010735","indexId":"70036963","displayToPublicDate":"2011-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2216,"text":"Journal of Climate","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Northern Hemisphere modes of variability and the timing of spring in western North America","docAbstract":"<p><span>Spatial and temporal patterns of variability in spring onset are identified across western North America using a spring index (SI) model based on weather station minimum and maximum temperatures (</span><i>T</i><sub>min</sub><span>&nbsp;and&nbsp;</span><i>T</i><sub>max</sub><span>, respectively). Principal component analysis shows that two significant and independent patterns explain roughly half of the total variance in the timing of spring onset from 1920 to 2005. However, these patterns of spring onset do not appear to be linear responses to the primary modes of variability in the Northern Hemisphere: the Pacific–North American pattern (PNA) and the northern annular mode (NAM). Instead, over the period when reanalysis data and the spring index model overlap (1950–2005), the patterns of spring onset are local responses to the state of both the PNA and NAM, which together modulate the onset date of spring by 10–20 days on interannual time scales. They do so by controlling the number and intensity of warm days. There is also a regionwide trend in spring advancement of about −1.5 days decade</span><sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;from 1950 to 2005. Trends in the NAM and PNA can only explain about one-third (−0.5 day decade</span><sup>−1</sup><span>) of this trend.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Meteorological Society","doi":"10.1175/2011JCLI4069.1","issn":"08948755","usgsCitation":"Ault, T., Macalady, A., Pederson, G., Betancourt, J., and Schwartz, M., 2011, Northern Hemisphere modes of variability and the timing of spring in western North America: Journal of Climate, v. 24, no. 15, p. 4003-4014, https://doi.org/10.1175/2011JCLI4069.1.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"4003","endPage":"4014","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":474951,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1175/2011jcli4069.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":381388,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States, Mexico","otherGeospatial":"Western United States and Canada","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -130.078125,\n              31.728167146023935\n            ],\n            [\n              -102.3046875,\n              31.728167146023935\n            ],\n            [\n              -102.3046875,\n              54.16243396806779\n            ],\n            [\n              -130.078125,\n              54.16243396806779\n            ],\n            [\n              -130.078125,\n              31.728167146023935\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"24","issue":"15","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-08-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6838e4b0c8380cd736a2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ault, T.R.","contributorId":14229,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ault","given":"T.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458715,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Macalady, A.K.","contributorId":42046,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Macalady","given":"A.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458717,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pederson, G.T.","contributorId":19353,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pederson","given":"G.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458716,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Betancourt, J.L. 0000-0002-7165-0743","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7165-0743","contributorId":87505,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Betancourt","given":"J.L.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":458719,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Schwartz, M.D.","contributorId":83468,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schwartz","given":"M.D.","affiliations":[{"id":7200,"text":"University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":458718,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70150408,"text":"70150408 - 2011 - Comparison of fish assemblages in two disjoined segments of an oxbow lake in relation to connectivity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-06-24T14:45:09","indexId":"70150408","displayToPublicDate":"2011-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparison of fish assemblages in two disjoined segments of an oxbow lake in relation to connectivity","docAbstract":"<p><span>Disconnection between adjacent habitat patches is one of the most notable factors contributing to the decreased biotic integrity of global ecosystems. Connectivity is especially threatened in river&ndash;floodplain ecosystems in which channel modifications have disrupted the lateral links between the main river channel and floodplain lakes. In this study, we examined the interaction between the interconnectedness of floodplain lakes and main river channels and fish assemblage descriptors. Fish assemblages in two segments of an oxbow lake, one connected to and the other isolated from the Yazoo River, Mississippi, were estimated with daytime boat electrofishing during 2007&ndash;2010. The frequency of connection for the connected segment ranged from zero to seven individual events per year (mean, &sim;2). The timing of most connection events reflected regional precipitation patterns. Greater species richness, diversity, and evenness were observed in the connected segment. Additionally, the connected segment had a greater abundance of piscivores and periodic life history strategists. All fishes collected solely in the connected segment were typically riverine in nature, whereas fishes collected only in the disconnected segment were more lacustrine adapted. These results suggest that periodic connection and the associated habitat heterogeneity that it provides are important for maintaining fish species richness and diversity in large-river floodplain lakes. We suggest that maintenance or restoration of connection be an integral part of fluvial ecosystem management plans.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/00028487.2011.607044","usgsCitation":"Dembkowski, D., and Miranda, L.E., 2011, Comparison of fish assemblages in two disjoined segments of an oxbow lake in relation to connectivity: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 140, no. 4, p. 1060-1069, https://doi.org/10.1080/00028487.2011.607044.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"1060","endPage":"1069","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-029943","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":302309,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Mississippi","otherGeospatial":"Hard Cash Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    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