This 125-day experiment evaluated the growth of adult rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fed one of three isonitrogenous and isocaloric diets (46% protein, 16% lipid). Fish meal was the primary protein source for the reference diet, which was compared to two other diets where bioprocessed soybean meal replaced 60% or 80% of the dietary fish meal. At the end of the experiment, there were no significant differences in gain, percent gain, feed conversion ratio, or specific growth rate among the dietary treatments. There were also no significant differences in intestinal morphology, splenosomatic index, hepatosomatic index, and viscerosomatic index among the diets. Based on these results, bioprocessed soybean meal can replace at least 80% of the fish meal in adult rainbow trout diets.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/23311932.2019.1579482","usgsCitation":"Voorhees, J.M., Chipps, S.R., Barnes, M., and Gonzalez-Redondo, P., 2019, Bioprocessed soybean meal replacement of fish meal in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) diets: Cogent Food & Agriculture, v. 5, no. 1, 1579482, 15 p., https://doi.org/10.1080/23311932.2019.1579482.","productDescription":"1579482, 15 p.","ipdsId":"IP-097695","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":467867,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23311932.2019.1579482","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":395632,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"5","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-02-27","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Voorhees, Jill M.","contributorId":275085,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Voorhees","given":"Jill","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":5089,"text":"South Dakota State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":833636,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chipps, Steven R. 0000-0001-6511-7582 steve_chipps@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6511-7582","contributorId":2243,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chipps","given":"Steven","email":"steve_chipps@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":833635,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Barnes, Michael","contributorId":275086,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Barnes","given":"Michael","affiliations":[{"id":5089,"text":"South Dakota State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":833637,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gonzalez-Redondo, Pedro","contributorId":275165,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gonzalez-Redondo","given":"Pedro","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":833638,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70227740,"text":"70227740 - 2019 - Communication strategies for reducing lead poisoning in wildlife and human health risks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-28T16:20:03.256212","indexId":"70227740","displayToPublicDate":"2019-02-27T10:04:24","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3779,"text":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","onlineIssn":"1938-5463","printIssn":"0091-7648","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Communication strategies for reducing lead poisoning in wildlife and human health risks","docAbstract":"Although lead poisoning in North American waterfowl has been reduced, it persists among other wildlife. To address this issue, we review lead poisoning in wildlife and threats to human health, describe the recent socio-political landscape, and develop a framework for reducing lead exposure related to hunting ammunition and fishing tackle. Despite substantial information about lead poisoning in wildlife, an explicit and strategic plan for using existing information to develop an effective communication program is lacking. Local and regional efforts encouraging hunters and anglers to voluntarily use nonlead alternatives could benefit from a nationally coordinated and strategic focus. We propose that the diffusion of innovation theory provides a useful framework for developing and implementing voluntary nonlead hunting ammunition and fishing tackle programs. Further, it can help communicators refine messages, increase efficiencies in developing communication materials, and monitor adoption of nonlead alternatives. The initial step in this process, however, is to engage stakeholders about the importance of the issue and leverage that concern as a catalyst for positive change. Published 2019. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
","language":"English","publisher":"The Wildlife Society","doi":"10.1002/wsb.955","usgsCitation":"Schulz, J.H., Wilhelm Stanis, S.A., Webb, E.B., Li, C.J., and Hall, D.M., 2019, Communication strategies for reducing lead poisoning in wildlife and human health risks: Wildlife Society Bulletin, v. 43, no. 1, p. 131-140, https://doi.org/10.1002/wsb.955.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"131","endPage":"140","ipdsId":"IP-090398","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":499850,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doaj.org/article/657b802b804c4c85a8713f8955225de4","text":"External Repository"},{"id":395069,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"North 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America\"}}]}","volume":"43","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-02-27","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schulz, John H.","contributorId":44082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schulz","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":832000,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wilhelm Stanis, Sonja A.","contributorId":145937,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wilhelm Stanis","given":"Sonja","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":832001,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Webb, Elisabeth B. 0000-0003-3851-6056 ewebb@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3851-6056","contributorId":3981,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Webb","given":"Elisabeth","email":"ewebb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":832002,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Li, Christine Jie","contributorId":272563,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Li","given":"Christine","email":"","middleInitial":"Jie","affiliations":[{"id":6754,"text":"University of Missouri","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":832147,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hall, Damon M.","contributorId":215880,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hall","given":"Damon","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":6754,"text":"University of Missouri","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":832148,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70202852,"text":"70202852 - 2019 - Constraining the early eruptive history of the Mono Craters rhyolites, California, based on 238U–230Th isochron dating of their explosive and effusive products","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-06-18T11:16:52","indexId":"70202852","displayToPublicDate":"2019-02-27T09:55:57","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1757,"text":"Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Constraining the early eruptive history of the Mono Craters rhyolites, California, based on 238U–230Th isochron dating of their explosive and effusive products","docAbstract":"The Mono Craters are an overlapping chain of at least 28 domes and coulees located south of Mono Lake, east central California, and represent the most recent eruptions of high‐silica rhyolite magma in the Mono Lake‐Long Valley volcanic region. Regionally widespread tephra fall deposits from the Mono Craters serve as important chronostratigraphic markers for correlations of late Quaternary terrestrial archives in the western United States. A well‐resolved eruption chronology for the Mono Craters is thus not only critical for volcanic hazard considerations but also for paleoclimatic and paleomagnetic studies. Here we constrain the timing of early Mono Craters volcanism using ion microprobe 238U‐230Th dating of unpolished crystal faces of autocrystic zircon and allanite microphenocrysts, which samples the final stage of crystallization prior to eruption. The stratigraphically oldest domes (biotite‐bearing rhyolites) yield 238U‐230Th isochron dates between ca. 42 and ca. 19 ka and are unambiguously linked to dated tephras in the Wilson Creek formation of ancestral Mono Lake via coupled 238U‐230Th geochronology and titanomagnetite geochemistry. The second oldest set of domes (orthopyroxene‐bearing rhyolites) have overlapping 238U‐230Th isochron dates that are within uncertainty of published K/Ar and 40Ar/39Ar dates for the fayalite‐bearing rhyolite domes, suggesting a period of intense effusive activity for the Mono Craters near the Pleistocene‐Holocene boundary. Our new and previously published 238U‐230Th dates for tephras in the Wilson Creek formation provide robust geochronologic constraints for the controversial geomagnetic excursion recorded in the Wilson Creek formation.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2018GC008052","usgsCitation":"Marcaida, M., Vazquez, J.A., Stelten, M.E., and Miller, J.S., 2019, Constraining the early eruptive history of the Mono Craters rhyolites, California, based on 238U–230Th isochron dating of their explosive and effusive products: Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, v. 20, no. 3, p. 1539-1556, https://doi.org/10.1029/2018GC008052.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"1539","endPage":"1556","ipdsId":"IP-102959","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":362572,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Mono craters","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -119.18312072753908,\n 37.790251927933284\n ],\n [\n -118.81095886230469,\n 37.790251927933284\n ],\n [\n -118.81095886230469,\n 38.11349003681576\n ],\n [\n -119.18312072753908,\n 38.11349003681576\n ],\n [\n -119.18312072753908,\n 37.790251927933284\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"20","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-03-21","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Marcaida, Mae 0000-0002-6039-1504 mmarcaida@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6039-1504","contributorId":207508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marcaida","given":"Mae","email":"mmarcaida@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":760262,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Vazquez, Jorge A. 0000-0003-2754-0456 jvazquez@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2754-0456","contributorId":4458,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vazquez","given":"Jorge","email":"jvazquez@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":501,"text":"Office of Science Quality and Integrity","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5056,"text":"Office of the AD Energy and Minerals, and Environmental Health","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":760263,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stelten, Mark E. 0000-0002-5294-3161 mstelten@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5294-3161","contributorId":145923,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stelten","given":"Mark","email":"mstelten@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":760264,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Miller, Jonathan S. 0000-0003-1341-5435","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1341-5435","contributorId":214576,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Miller","given":"Jonathan","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":24620,"text":"San Jose State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":760265,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70227711,"text":"70227711 - 2019 - Satellite-detected forest disturbance forecasts American marten population decline: The case for supportive space-based monitoring","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-27T15:55:13.344451","indexId":"70227711","displayToPublicDate":"2019-02-27T09:48:02","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1015,"text":"Biological Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Satellite-detected forest disturbance forecasts American marten population decline: The case for supportive space-based monitoring","docAbstract":"Limited monitoring resources often constrain rigorous monitoring practices to species or populations of conservation concern. Insufficient monitoring can induce a tautology as lack of monitoring resources makes it difficult to determine whether a species or population deserves additional monitoring resources. When in-situ monitoring resources are limited, remote habitat monitoring could be a useful supplementary tool, as linking parameterized species distribution models to spatially explicit time-series of environmental correlates allows iterative prediction of population change. Yet the performance of predictive forecasts or hindcasts has been difficult to evaluate. We paired contemporary field data, historic population estimates, and a remotely-sensed archive of landscape change to evaluate predictions of American marten (Martes americana) population decline owing to habitat loss in Maine, USA. We estimated contemporary spatial patterns in marten density relative to landscape disturbance with spatial capture-recapture models. We compared current density estimates to historical density calculations to evaluate population decline, and compared historical calculations to habitat-based model predictions to evaluate the efficacy of habitat monitoring as a proxy for direct monitoring. Marten density was negatively associated with the proportion of surrounding regenerating forest, and point estimates within focal townships were 50–80% lower than historical calculations. Habitat-based hindcasts of marten density across our entire focal area interest suggested a smaller population decline (roughly 50%) within our focal area. Thus, although habitat-based predictions underpredicted marten decline, they provided correct directional inference. Habitat monitoring and predictions from species distribution models may provide useful inference about population changes given trends in habitat at limited expense when in-situ information is lacking.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.biocon.2019.02.020","usgsCitation":"Clare, J., McKinney, S.T., Simons-Legaard, E.M., DePue, J.E., and Loftin, C., 2019, Satellite-detected forest disturbance forecasts American marten population decline: The case for supportive space-based monitoring: Biological Conservation, v. 233, p. 336-345, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2019.02.020.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"336","endPage":"345","ipdsId":"IP-078363","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":394973,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maine","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -70.91125488281249,\n 45.286481972782816\n ],\n [\n -69.136962890625,\n 44.999767019181284\n ],\n [\n -68.4503173828125,\n 46.39619977845332\n ],\n [\n -69.99938964843749,\n 46.717268685073954\n ],\n [\n -70.91125488281249,\n 45.286481972782816\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"233","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clare, John","contributorId":200304,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Clare","given":"John","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":831975,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McKinney, Shawn T. smckinney@usgs.gov","contributorId":5175,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKinney","given":"Shawn","email":"smckinney@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":831976,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Simons-Legaard, Erin M.","contributorId":272366,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Simons-Legaard","given":"Erin","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":831977,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"DePue, John E.","contributorId":200305,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"DePue","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":831978,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Loftin, Cyndy 0000-0001-9104-3724 cyndy_loftin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9104-3724","contributorId":146427,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loftin","given":"Cyndy","email":"cyndy_loftin@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":831862,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70202040,"text":"ofr20191008 - 2019 - Bridge scour countermeasure assessments at select bridges in the United States, 2016–18","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-08T12:20:27","indexId":"ofr20191008","displayToPublicDate":"2019-02-27T07:11:46","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2019-1008","displayTitle":"Bridge Scour Countermeasure Assessments at Select Bridges in the United States, 2016–18","title":" Bridge scour countermeasure assessments at select bridges in the United States, 2016–18","docAbstract":"In 2009, the Federal Highway Administration published Hydraulic Engineering Circular No. 23 (HEC-23) to provide specific design and implementation guidelines for bridge scour and stream instability countermeasures. However, the effectiveness of countermeasures implemented over the past decade following those guidelines has not been evaluated. Therefore, in 2013, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Federal Highway Administration, began a study to assess the current condition of bridge-scour countermeasures at selected sites to evaluate their effectiveness. Bridge-scour countermeasures were assessed during 2016–2018 after additional sites were added following a similar study. Site assessments included reviewing countermeasure design plans, summarizing the peak and daily streamflow history, and assessments at each site. Each site survey included a photo log summary, field form, and topographic and bathymetric geospatial data and metadata. This report documents the study area and site-selection criteria, explains the survey methods used to evaluate the condition of countermeasures, and presents the complete documentation for each countermeasure assessment.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20191008","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Federal Highway Administration","usgsCitation":"Dudunake, T.J., Huizinga , R.J., and Fosness, R.L., 2019, Bridge scour countermeasure assessments at select bridges in the United States, 2016–18: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2019-1008, 12 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20191008.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 12 p.; Data release","numberOfPages":"20","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2016-01-01","temporalEnd":"2018-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-085157","costCenters":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":361447,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7WW7G4W","text":"USGS data release","description":"USGS Data Release","linkHelpText":"Geospatial data for bridge scour countermeasure assessments at select bridges in the United States, 2016-2018"},{"id":361446,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2019/1008/ofr20191008.pdf","text":"Report","size":"735 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2019-1008"},{"id":361445,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2019/1008/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Connecticut, Idaho, Iowa, Missouri, Montana, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, South Carolina","contact":"Director, Idaho Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
230 Collins Rd
Boise, Idaho 83702-4520
The United States Geological Survey’s (USGS) Planetary Geologic Map Coordination Group (Flagstaff, Ariz.) surveyed planetary geoscience map makers and users to determine the importance, relevance, and usability of such products to their planetary science research and to current and future needs of the planetary science community. This survey was prepared because the planetary science community lacks a modern assessment of the value invested in geoscience map products and processes (including the diverse scientific and technical personnel who add to and maintain this infrastructure) and a strategy that ensures these efforts appropriately prioritize mapping efforts across all solid surface bodies in the Solar System.
A 30-question survey was conducted through an online questionnaire and was designed to (1) take <10 minutes, (2) instill a sense that responses would be acted upon, and (3) encourage community participation through a user-friendly interface. The survey made a distinction between “standardized” geoscience maps (those published by the USGS that require adherence to specific cartographic standards, conventions, and principles) and “non-standardized” geoscience maps (those published by other venues such as peer-reviewed journals that are not required to, but might, adhere to some cartographic standards, conventions, and principles). The survey was opened on Sunday, March 18, 2017 (to coincide with the annual Lunar and Planetary Science Conference in The Woodlands, Tex.) and was closed on Thursday, May 25, 2017. There was a total of 265 unique responses that were formulated into 17 unique findings that were matched with one or more recommendations to be addressed by the planetary science community.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20191012","usgsCitation":"Skinner, J.A. Jr., Huff, A.E., Fortezzo, C.M., Gaither, T., Hare, T.M., Hunter, M.A., Buban, H., 2019, Planetary geologic mapping—program status and future needs: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2019–1012, 40 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20191012","productDescription":"vi, 39 p.","numberOfPages":"50","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-102821","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":361568,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2019/1012/ofr20191012.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.4 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2019-1012"},{"id":361567,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2019/1012/coverthb.jpg"}],"contact":"Astrogeology Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
2255 N. Gemini Dr.
Flagstaff, AZ 86001
Shark attacks are a global phenomenon that attracts widespread attention and publicity, often with negative outcomes for shark populations. Despite the widespread perceptions of shark attacks, trends in human water activities and shark populations are both dynamic, resulting in variable rates of shark attacks over space and time. Understanding variable trends in shark attacks may contribute to a better understanding of risk, and a more tempered response in the wake of an attack. We found that global shark attack rates are low, yet variable across global regions and over decades. Countries with low populations were found to have the highest rates of attack, while countries with high populations (U.S.A., Australia, South Africa) tended to have overall low attack rates, but also much more interannual variability. From the 1960s to the present, those countries with the highest populations also tended to be the places where attack rates have increased. Ultimately, shark attack risk is also driven by local conditions (e.g., time of day, species present); however, a global scale understanding of attack rates helps place risk into perspective and may contribute to a more scientifically-grounded discussion of sharks, and their management and conservation.
","language":"English","publisher":"PLoS One","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0211049","usgsCitation":"Midway, S.R., Wagner, T., and Burgess, G., 2019, Trends in global shark attacks: PLoS ONE, v. 14, no. 2, e0211049, 13 p., https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0211049.","productDescription":"e0211049, 13 p.","ipdsId":"IP-103459","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":467868,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0211049","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":387457,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"14","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-02-27","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Midway, Stephen R. 0000-0003-0162-1995","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0162-1995","contributorId":261377,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Midway","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":5115,"text":"Louisiana State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":819939,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wagner, Tyler 0000-0003-1726-016X twagner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1726-016X","contributorId":1050,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wagner","given":"Tyler","email":"twagner@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":819938,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Burgess, George H.","contributorId":261378,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Burgess","given":"George H.","affiliations":[{"id":36469,"text":"Florida Museum of Natural History","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":819940,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70218702,"text":"70218702 - 2019 - Mapping a keystone shrub species, huckleberry (Vaccinium membranaceum), using seasonal colour change in the Rocky Mountains","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-03-05T21:56:58.666116","indexId":"70218702","displayToPublicDate":"2019-02-26T15:51:06","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2068,"text":"International Journal of Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Mapping a keystone shrub species, huckleberry (Vaccinium membranaceum), using seasonal colour change in the Rocky Mountains","title":"Mapping a keystone shrub species, huckleberry (Vaccinium membranaceum), using seasonal colour change in the Rocky Mountains","docAbstract":"Black huckleberries (Vaccinium membranaceum) provide a critical food resource to many wildlife species, including apex omnivores such as the grizzly bear (Ursus arctos), and play an important socioeconomic role for many communities in western North America, especially indigenous peoples. Remote sensing imagery offers the potential for accurate landscape-level mapping of huckleberries because the shrub changes colour seasonally. We developed two methods, for local and regional scales, to map a shrub species using leaf seasonal colour change from remote sensing imagery. We assessed accuracy with ground-based vegetation surveys. The high-resolution supervised random forest classification from one-meter resolution National Agricultural Imagery Program (NAIP) imagery achieved an overall accuracy of 75.31% (kappa = 0.26). The approach using multi-temporal 30-meter Landsat imagery similarly had an overall accuracy of 79.19% (kappa = .31). We found underprediction error was related to higher forest cover and a lack of visible colour change on the ground in some plots. Where forest cover was low, both models performed better. In areas with <10% forest cover, the high-resolution classification achieved an accuracy of 80.73% (kappa = 0.48), while the Landsat model had an accuracy of 82.55% (kappa = 0.47). Based on the fine-scale predictions, we found that 94% of huckleberry shrubs identified in our study area of Glacier National Park, Montana, USA are over 100 meters from human recreation trails. This information could be combined with productivity and phenology information to estimate the timing and availability of food resources for wildlife and to provide managers with a tool to identify and manage huckleberries. The development of the multi-temporal Landsat models sets the stage for assessment of impacts of disturbance at regional scales on this ecologically, culturally, and economically important shrub species. Our approach to map huckleberries is straightforward, efficient and accessible to wildlife and environmental managers and researchers in diverse fields.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/01431161.2019.1580819","usgsCitation":"Shores, C.R., Mikle, N., and Graves, T.A., 2019, Mapping a keystone shrub species, huckleberry (Vaccinium membranaceum), using seasonal colour change in the Rocky Mountains: International Journal of Remote Sensing, v. 40, no. 15, p. 5695-5715, https://doi.org/10.1080/01431161.2019.1580819.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"5695","endPage":"5715","ipdsId":"IP-095407","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":384206,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","otherGeospatial":"Glacier National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -113.961181640625,\n 48.31060120649363\n ],\n [\n -112.939453125,\n 48.242967421301366\n ],\n [\n -113.65631103515625,\n 48.99103162515999\n ],\n [\n -114.81536865234374,\n 49.005447494058096\n ],\n [\n -114.5050048828125,\n 48.545705491847464\n ],\n [\n -114.15618896484375,\n 48.35989909002194\n ],\n [\n -113.961181640625,\n 48.31060120649363\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"40","issue":"15","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-02-26","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shores, Carolyn R.","contributorId":254828,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shores","given":"Carolyn","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":811433,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mikle, Nathaniel 0000-0002-6529-8210 nmikle@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6529-8210","contributorId":177026,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mikle","given":"Nathaniel","email":"nmikle@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":811434,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Graves, Tabitha A. 0000-0001-5145-2400 tgraves@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5145-2400","contributorId":5898,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graves","given":"Tabitha","email":"tgraves@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":811435,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70202370,"text":"70202370 - 2019 - Long-term nitrogen addition shifts the soil nematode community to bacterivore-dominated and reduces its ecological maturity in a subalpine forest","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-26T15:03:36","indexId":"70202370","displayToPublicDate":"2019-02-26T15:03:26","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3416,"text":"Soil Biology and Biochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Long-term nitrogen addition shifts the soil nematode community to bacterivore-dominated and reduces its ecological maturity in a subalpine forest","docAbstract":"Nitrogen deposition from anthropogenic sources is a global problem that reaches even the most remote ecosystems. Responses belowground vary by ecosystem, and have feedbacks to geochemical processes, including carbon storage. A long-term nitrogen addition study in a subalpine forest has shown carbon loss over time, atypical for a forest ecosystem. Loss of microbial biomass is likely linked to lower soil carbon, but the mechanism behind this is still unknown. One possible explanation is through increased turnover due to grazing by soil fauna. Because nematodes occupy many trophic levels and are sensitive to trophic and environmental changes, assessing their communities helps reveal belowground responses. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that long-term nitrogen fertilization affects nematode community structure and maturity beneath coniferous forests in the Rocky Mountains, indicating a faster cycling, bacterial-driven system. We identified and enumerated nematodes by trophic group and family from experimental plots. Total nematode abundance was 40–96% greater in fertilized plots compared to the control, but richness, diversity, and ecological maturity were lower. The differences in abundance were driven by opportunistic bacterivores (e.g., Rhabditidae) and plant parasites (e.g., Tylenchidae), which made up 23 and 13% of the community in fertilized compared to 7 and 5% in control plots, respectively. Nematode maturity indices showed that the nematode food webwas enriched (indicating high nutrient/resource status) and structured (all trophic levels present, including long-lived predators) in both treatments, but significantly more enriched in the fertilized treatment. Nonmetric multidimensional scaling of the relative abundance of nematode families demonstrated that nematode community composition differed between treatments, driven largely by opportunistic bacterivores (e.g., Rhabditidae) in the fertilized plots. The mechanism of the aboveground–belowground link between nitrogen deposition and nematode community composition is likely through increased microbial turnover, and sustained high-quality food for microbial grazing nematodes.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.soilbio.2018.12.007","usgsCitation":"Shaw, E.A., Boot, C.M., Moore, J.C., Wall, D.H., and Baron, J., 2019, Long-term nitrogen addition shifts the soil nematode community to bacterivore-dominated and reduces its ecological maturity in a subalpine forest: Soil Biology and Biochemistry, v. 130, p. 177-184, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2018.12.007.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"177","endPage":"184","ipdsId":"IP-099642","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":467869,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2018.12.007","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":361560,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"130","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shaw, E. Ashley","contributorId":213576,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shaw","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"Ashley","affiliations":[{"id":6621,"text":"Colorado State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":758051,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Boot, Claudia M.","contributorId":213577,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Boot","given":"Claudia","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":6621,"text":"Colorado State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":758052,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Moore, John C.","contributorId":213578,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Moore","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":6621,"text":"Colorado State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":758053,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wall, Diana H.","contributorId":213579,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wall","given":"Diana","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":6621,"text":"Colorado State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":758054,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Baron, Jill 0000-0002-5902-6251 jill_baron@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5902-6251","contributorId":194124,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baron","given":"Jill","email":"jill_baron@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":758050,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70202376,"text":"70202376 - 2019 - Applying concepts of general resilience to large river ecosystems: A case study from the Upper Mississippi and Illinois rivers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-26T15:01:06","indexId":"70202376","displayToPublicDate":"2019-02-26T15:01:02","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1456,"text":"Ecological Indicators","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Applying concepts of general resilience to large river ecosystems: A case study from the Upper Mississippi and Illinois rivers","docAbstract":"Large floodplain-river ecosystems are often highly modified to provide services that society desires, yet these modifications can limit an ecosystem’s ability to adapt to changing conditions. The adaptive capacity of an ecosystem, its general resilience, is a conceptual framework for considering how a system will respond to such changes. We sought to apply aspects of three general resilience principles (diversity and redundancy, connectivity, and controlling variables) to our understanding of floodplain-river ecosystem structure and function. We demonstrate the applicability of this approach in a case study of the Upper Mississippi River System (UMRS). In doing so, we developed ten indicators that highlight important structural and functional aspects of this floodplain-river ecosystem, and likely underlie the capacity of large rivers to cope with environmental change and disturbance. We developed diversity and redundancy indicators for aquatic habitats, patterns of floodplain inundation, and fish communities. Connectivity indicators included metrics of longitudinal and lateral connections. Controlling variable indicators included deviations from historic water surface elevation fluctuations, water clarity, nutrient concentrations, and aquatic invasive species. This set of indicators provides a simple description of the adaptive capacity of four distinct reaches of the UMRS: Upper Impounded, Lower Impounded, Unimpounded Reaches of the Upper Mississippi River and the entire Illinois River. High aquatic habitat diversity and redundancy, fish functional diversity and redundancy, and water clarity, and the scarcity of invasive fish species are all factors that likely contribute to the high general resilience of the Upper Impounded Reach. However, the limited longitudinal connectivity and establishment of a minimum water level for navigation are factors that may inhibit the general resilience of this reach. In the Lower Impounded Reach, there is high within-reach variability for individual indicators such as aquatic habitat diversity, fish functional diversity and redundancy, and longitudinal and lateral connectivity. In the Unimpounded Reach, a high degree of longitudinal connectivity likely enhances its general resilience, but low aquatic habitat diversity, low lateral connectivity, and relatively high number of invasive fish species inhibit general resilience. For the Illinois River Reach, the relatively high fish functional diversity and redundancy likely contributes to its general resilience, whereas high number of invasive fish species, low water clarity, low lateral connectivity, and high range of water levels may inhibit general resilience. Indicators derived from application of concepts of general resilience provide insight into the current coping capacity of the UMRS and identify opportunities for enhancing resilience.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolind.2019.02.002","usgsCitation":"Bouska, K.L., Houser, J.N., De Jager, N.R., Van Appledorn, M., and Rogala, J.T., 2019, Applying concepts of general resilience to large river ecosystems: A case study from the Upper Mississippi and Illinois rivers: Ecological Indicators, v. 101, p. 1094-1110, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2019.02.002.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"1094","endPage":"1110","ipdsId":"IP-099227","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":437559,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9J8BBQ3","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Percentage of annual days that river stage exceeds 'open river' conditions for lock and dams on the Upper Mississippi River, 1985-2015"},{"id":361559,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Upper Mississippi River System","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -93.31787109374999,\n 36.87962060502676\n ],\n [\n -87.51708984375,\n 36.87962060502676\n ],\n [\n -87.51708984375,\n 45.01141864227728\n ],\n [\n -93.31787109374999,\n 45.01141864227728\n ],\n [\n -93.31787109374999,\n 36.87962060502676\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"101","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":15,"text":"Madison PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bouska, Kristen L. 0000-0002-4115-2313 kbouska@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4115-2313","contributorId":178005,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bouska","given":"Kristen","email":"kbouska@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":758091,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Houser, Jeffrey N. 0000-0003-3295-3132 jhouser@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3295-3132","contributorId":2769,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Houser","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jhouser@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":758092,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"De Jager, Nathan R. 0000-0002-6649-4125 ndejager@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6649-4125","contributorId":3717,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"De Jager","given":"Nathan","email":"ndejager@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":758093,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Van Appledorn, Molly 0000-0002-8029-0014","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8029-0014","contributorId":205785,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Appledorn","given":"Molly","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":758094,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Rogala, James T. 0000-0002-1954-4097 jrogala@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1954-4097","contributorId":2651,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rogala","given":"James","email":"jrogala@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":758095,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70201152,"text":"sir20185127 - 2019 - Escherichia coli and microbial source tracking marker concentrations in and near a constructed wetland in Maumee Bay State Park, Oregon, Ohio, 2015–16","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-27T11:58:30","indexId":"sir20185127","displayToPublicDate":"2019-02-26T14:45:00","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2018-5127","displayTitle":"Escherichia coli and Microbial Source Tracking Marker Concentrations in and Near a Constructed Wetland in Maumee Bay State Park, Oregon, Ohio, 2015–16","title":"Escherichia coli and microbial source tracking marker concentrations in and near a constructed wetland in Maumee Bay State Park, Oregon, Ohio, 2015–16","docAbstract":"Elevated Escherichia coli (E. coli) concentrations at the Maumee Bay State Park (MBSP) Lake Erie beach have resulted in frequent recreational water-quality advisories. After the construction of a wetland along Berger Ditch in Maumee Bay State Park, Oregon, Ohio, samples were collected and analyzed for concentrations of E. coli and microbial source tracking (MST) markers. This study was done by the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the University of Toledo, to provide data that can be used to help evaluate the effects of the wetland on water quality in MBSP. From July 2015 to February 2016, 116 samples were collected from six sites. Median GenBac (general marker) and E. coli concentrations were higher in samples from Berger Ditch sites than in samples from the wetland sites. No statistically significant difference was found between median E. coli concentrations in samples collected at Berger Ditch sites upstream and downstream from the wetland. The frequency of detection of the human-associated Bacteroides MST marker (HF183) decreased from 39 percent upstream from the wetland to 22 percent downstream from the wetland; however, the HF183 median concentrations from these two groups of samples were nearly the same (2,700 to 2,800 copies per 100 milliliters from upstream to downstream). The waterfowl-associated Helicobacter MST marker (GFD) was detected in 13 percent of samples from the Berger Ditch site upstream from the wetland, although it was not detected in samples from the Berger Ditch site downstream from the wetland. The ruminant-associated MST marker, Rum2Bac, was not detected at any site during this study.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20185127","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the University of Toledo","usgsCitation":"Kephart, C.M., Brady, A.M.G., and Jackwood, R.W., 2019, Escherichia coli and microbial source tracking marker concentrations in and near a constructed wetland in Maumee Bay State Park, Oregon, Ohio, 2015–16: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2018–5127, 13 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20185127.","productDescription":"v, 13 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-093044","costCenters":[{"id":35860,"text":"Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":361498,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2018/5127/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":361499,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2018/5127/sir20185127.pdf","text":"Report","size":"77.0 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2018-5127"}],"country":"United States","state":"Ohio","city":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Lake Erie, Maumee Bay State Park","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -83.387003,41.678489 ], [ -83.387003,41.689931 ], [ -83.362584,41.689931 ], [ -83.362584,41.678489 ], [ -83.387003,41.678489 ] ] ] } } ] }","contact":"Director, Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
6460 Busch Blvd, Suite 100
Columbus, OH 43229
Reintroductions are important components of conservation and recovery programs for rare plant species, but their long‐term success rates are poorly understood. Previous reviews of plant reintroductions focused on short‐term (e.g., ≤3 years) survival and flowering of founder individuals rather than on benchmarks of intergenerational persistence, such as seedling recruitment. However, short‐term metrics may obscure outcomes because the unique demographic properties of reintroductions, including small size and unstable stage structure, could create lags in population growth. We used time‐to‐event analysis on a database of unusually well‐monitored and long‐term (4–28 years) reintroductions of 27 rare plant species to test whether life‐history traits and population characteristics of reintroductions create time‐lagged responses in seedling recruitment (i.e., recruitment time lags [RTLs]), an important benchmark of success and indicator of persistence in reintroduced populations. Recruitment time lags were highly variable among reintroductions, ranging from <1 to 17 years after installation. Recruitment patterns matched predictions from life‐history theory with short‐lived species (fast species) exhibiting consistently shorter and less variable RTLs than long‐lived species (slow species). Long RTLs occurred in long‐lived herbs, especially in grasslands, whereas short RTLs occurred in short‐lived subtropical woody plants and annual herbs. Across plant life histories, as reproductive adult abundance increased, RTLs decreased. Highly variable RTLs were observed in species with multiple reintroduction events, suggesting local processes are just as important as life‐history strategy in determining reintroduction outcomes. Time lags in restoration outcomes highlight the need to scale success benchmarks in reintroduction monitoring programs with plant life‐history strategies and the unique demographic properties of restored populations. Drawing conclusions on the long‐term success of plant reintroduction programs is premature given that demographic processes in species with slow life‐histories take decades to unfold.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/cobi.13255","usgsCitation":"Albrecht, M.A., Osazuwa-Peters, O.L., Maschinski, J., Bell, T.J., Bowles, M.L., Brumback, W.E., Duquesnel, J., Kunz, M., Lange, J., McCue, K.A., McEachern, K., Murray, S., Olwell, P., Pavlovic, N.B., Peterson, C.L., Possley, J., Randall, J.L., and Wright, S.J., 2019, Effects of life history and reproduction on recruitment time lags in reintroductions of rare plants: Conservation Biology, v. 33, no. 3, p. 601-611, https://doi.org/10.1111/cobi.13255.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"601","endPage":"611","ipdsId":"IP-093197","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":361556,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"33","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-01-04","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Albrecht, Matthew A. 0000-0002-1079-1630","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1079-1630","contributorId":213559,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Albrecht","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":38790,"text":"Missouri Botanical Garden","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":758026,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Osazuwa-Peters, Oyomoare L.","contributorId":213560,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Osazuwa-Peters","given":"Oyomoare","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":38791,"text":"Missouri Botanical Garden, Washington University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":758027,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Maschinski, Joyce","contributorId":213561,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Maschinski","given":"Joyce","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":38792,"text":"San Diego Zoo Global","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":758028,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bell, Timothy J.","contributorId":181524,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bell","given":"Timothy","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":758029,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bowles, Marlin L.","contributorId":213562,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bowles","given":"Marlin","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":37343,"text":"The Morton Arboretum","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":758030,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Brumback, William E.","contributorId":213563,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brumback","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":38793,"text":"New England Wild Flower Society","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":758031,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Duquesnel, Janice","contributorId":213564,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Duquesnel","given":"Janice","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":38794,"text":"Florida Park Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":758032,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Kunz, Michael","contributorId":213565,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kunz","given":"Michael","affiliations":[{"id":38795,"text":"North Carolina Botanical Garden, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":758033,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Lange, Jimmy","contributorId":213566,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lange","given":"Jimmy","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":38796,"text":"Fairchild Tropical Botanic Garden, Miami, FL","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":758034,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"McCue, Kimberlie A.","contributorId":213567,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McCue","given":"Kimberlie","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":38797,"text":"Desert Botanical Garden, Phoenix, AZ","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":758035,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"McEachern, Kathryn 0000-0003-2631-8247 kathryn_mceachern@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2631-8247","contributorId":146324,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McEachern","given":"Kathryn","email":"kathryn_mceachern@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research 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npavlovic@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2335-2274","contributorId":1976,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pavlovic","given":"Noel","email":"npavlovic@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":758038,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Peterson, Cheryl L.","contributorId":213570,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Peterson","given":"Cheryl","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":38800,"text":"Bok Tower Gardens, Lake Wales, FL","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":758039,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Possley, Jennifer","contributorId":213571,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Possley","given":"Jennifer","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":38796,"text":"Fairchild Tropical Botanic Garden, Miami, FL","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":758040,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Randall, John L.","contributorId":213572,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Randall","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":38795,"text":"North Carolina Botanical Garden, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":758041,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Wright, Samuel J.","contributorId":213573,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wright","given":"Samuel","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":38796,"text":"Fairchild Tropical Botanic Garden, Miami, FL","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":758042,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18}]}} ,{"id":70202363,"text":"70202363 - 2019 - Landsat: The cornerstone of global land imaging","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-26T14:23:49","indexId":"70202363","displayToPublicDate":"2019-02-26T14:23:44","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1720,"text":"GIM International","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Landsat: The cornerstone of global land imaging","docAbstract":"Since 1972, the joint NASA/ U.S. Geological Survey Landsat series of Earth Observation satellites have provided an uninterrupted space-based data record of the Earth’s land surface to help advance scientific research towards the understanding of our planet and the environmental impact of its inhabitants. Early Landsat satellites offered a wealth of new data that improved mapping of remote areas and geologic features along with digital analysis of vegetation. The utility of Landsat’s spatial and spectral resolution has advanced its use for applications that benefit society such as global crop forecasting, forest monitoring, water use, carbon assessments, and the base for Google Maps. Landsat’s long-term data record provides an unrivaled resource for observing land cover and land-use change over a timescale of decades. The free and open Landsat data policy in 2008 was a paradigm shift for the world. Today, due to improved analytical and computing capabilities, the Landsat archive is poised to shift into a more real-time monitoring and understanding of the Earth.","language":"English","publisher":"GIM International Magazine","usgsCitation":"Butcher, G., Barnes, C., and Owen, L., 2019, Landsat: The cornerstone of global land imaging: GIM International, v. January/February 2019, p. 31-35.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"31","endPage":"35","ipdsId":"IP-104692","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":361528,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.gim-international.com/magazine/january-february-2019"},{"id":361555,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"January/February 2019","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Butcher, Ginger","contributorId":213551,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Butcher","given":"Ginger","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":38788,"text":"NASA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":758010,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barnes, Christopher 0000-0002-4608-4364 christopher.barnes.ctr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4608-4364","contributorId":198908,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barnes","given":"Christopher","email":"christopher.barnes.ctr@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":758009,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Owen, Linda 0000-0002-1734-5406 jonescheit@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1734-5406","contributorId":478,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Owen","given":"Linda","email":"jonescheit@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":758011,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70202378,"text":"70202378 - 2019 - Diurnal habitat selection of migrating Whooping Crane in the Great Plains","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-26T14:20:05","indexId":"70202378","displayToPublicDate":"2019-02-26T14:19:53","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":947,"text":"Avian Conservation and Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Diurnal habitat selection of migrating Whooping Crane in the Great Plains","docAbstract":"Available stopover habitats with quality foraging opportunities are essential for migrating waterbirds, including Whooping Crane (Grus americana). Several studies have evaluated habitats used by Whooping Crane for roosting throughout its migration corridor; however, habitats associated with foraging and other diurnal activities have received less attention. We used data collected from 42 Whooping Crane individuals that included 2169 diurnal use locations within 395 stopover sites evaluated during spring 2013 to fall 2015 to assess diurnal habitat selection throughout the U.S. portion of the migration corridor. We found that Whooping Crane selected wetland land-cover types (i.e., open water, riverine, and semipermanent wetlands) and lowland grasslands for diurnal activities over all other land-cover types that we evaluated, including croplands. Whooping Crane generally avoided roads, and avoidance varied based on land-cover class. There has been considerable alteration and destruction of natural wetlands and rivers that serve as roosting and foraging sites for migrating Whooping Crane. Given recent droughts and the likelihood of future landscape changes within the migration corridor, directing conservation efforts toward protecting and enhancing wetland stopover areas may prove critical for continued growth of the last remaining wild population of Whooping Crane. Future studies of this Whooping Crane population should focus on specific wetland complexes and riverine sites throughout the migration corridor to identify precise management actions that could be taken to enhance and protect these imperilled land-cover types.
","language":"English","publisher":"Avian Conservation and Ecology","doi":"10.5751/ACE-01317-140106","usgsCitation":"Baasch, D.M., Farrell, P.D., Pearse, A.T., Brandt, D.A., Caven, A.J., Harner, M.J., Wright, G.D., and Metzger, K.L., 2019, Diurnal habitat selection of migrating Whooping Crane in the Great Plains: Avian Conservation and Ecology, v. 14, no. 1, p. 1-14, https://doi.org/10.5751/ACE-01317-140106.","productDescription":"Article 6; 14 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"14","ipdsId":"IP-099721","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":467870,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5751/ace-01317-140106","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":361554,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -104.5458984375,\n 29.34387539941801\n ],\n [\n -94.482421875,\n 29.34387539941801\n ],\n [\n -94.482421875,\n 48.980216985374994\n ],\n [\n -104.5458984375,\n 48.980216985374994\n ],\n [\n -104.5458984375,\n 29.34387539941801\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"14","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Baasch, David M.","contributorId":147145,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Baasch","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":16795,"text":"Headwaters Corp, Kearney, NE","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":758103,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Farrell, Patrick D.","contributorId":212085,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Farrell","given":"Patrick","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":36320,"text":"PRRIP","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":758104,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pearse, Aaron T. 0000-0002-6137-1556 apearse@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6137-1556","contributorId":1772,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pearse","given":"Aaron","email":"apearse@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":758102,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brandt, David A. 0000-0001-9786-307X dbrandt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9786-307X","contributorId":149929,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brandt","given":"David","email":"dbrandt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":758105,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Caven, Andrew J.","contributorId":177586,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Caven","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":758106,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Harner, Mary J.","contributorId":177584,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Harner","given":"Mary","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":758107,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Wright, Greg D.","contributorId":177585,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wright","given":"Greg","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":12957,"text":"Chippewa Ottawa Resource Authority","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":758108,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Metzger, Kristine L.","contributorId":147144,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Metzger","given":"Kristine","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":16794,"text":"USFWS, Div of Biol Serv, Albuquerque, NM","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":758109,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70202386,"text":"70202386 - 2019 - Linking fire and the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-26T14:16:05","indexId":"70202386","displayToPublicDate":"2019-02-26T14:16:02","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3352,"text":"Science of the Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Linking fire and the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals","docAbstract":"Fire is a ubiquitous natural disturbance that affects 3–4% of the Earth's surface each year. It is a tool used by humans for land clearing and burning of agricultural wastes. The United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) do not explicitly mention fire, though many of the Goals are affected by the beneficial and adverse consequences of fires on ecosystem services. There are at least three compelling reasons to include a fire perspective in the implementation of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. The first reason relates to the stated vision of the United Nations 2030 Agenda to protect the environment. In order to achieve environmental protection during sustainable development activities, it is necessary to understand and plan for the effects of disturbances, in this case fire, on ecosystem services. The second reason is that fires produce emissions with regional and global impacts on air quality and rainfall patterns. Fires contribute to global warming though the release greenhouse gases, primarily CO2, and black carbon, identified as a SLCP (short-lived climate pollutant). The third reason is that fire is one of several complex processes that lead to land degradation across the globe. Opportunities exist to incorporate a fire perspective into sustainable development projects or approaches. Two examples are highlighted here. Transdisciplinary communication and collaboration are needed to address the complex issues related to fire, and to climate and land use change.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.12.393","usgsCitation":"Martin, D.A., 2019, Linking fire and the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals: Science of the Total Environment, v. 662, p. 547-558, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.12.393.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"547","endPage":"558","ipdsId":"IP-103101","costCenters":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":361553,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"662","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Martin, Deborah A. 0000-0001-8237-0838 damartin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8237-0838","contributorId":168662,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"Deborah","email":"damartin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":758140,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70202387,"text":"70202387 - 2019 - Disease‐structured N‐mixture models: A practical guide to model disease dynamics using count data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-26T14:14:42","indexId":"70202387","displayToPublicDate":"2019-02-26T14:14:38","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1467,"text":"Ecology and Evolution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Disease‐structured N‐mixture models: A practical guide to model disease dynamics using count data","docAbstract":"Obtaining inferences on disease dynamics (e.g., host population size, pathogen prevalence, transmission rate, host survival probability) typically requires marking and tracking individuals over time. While multistate mark–recapture models can produce high‐quality inference, these techniques are difficult to employ at large spatial and long temporal scales or in small remnant host populations decimated by virulent pathogens, where low recapture rates may preclude the use of mark–recapture techniques. Recently developed N‐mixture models offer a statistical framework for estimating wildlife disease dynamics from count data. N‐mixture models are a type of state‐space model in which observation error is attributed to failing to detect some individuals when they are present (i.e., false negatives). The analysis approach uses repeated surveys of sites over a period of population closure to estimate detection probability. We review the challenges of modeling disease dynamics and describe how N‐mixture models can be used to estimate common metrics, including pathogen prevalence, transmission, and recovery rates while accounting for imperfect host and pathogen detection. We also offer a perspective on future research directions at the intersection of quantitative and disease ecology, including the estimation of false positives in pathogen presence, spatially explicit disease‐structured N‐mixture models, and the integration of other data types with count data to inform disease dynamics. Managers rely on accurate and precise estimates of disease dynamics to develop strategies to mitigate pathogen impacts on host populations. At a time when pathogens pose one of the greatest threats to biodiversity, statistical methods that lead to robust inferences on host populations are critically needed for rapid, rather than incremental, assessments of the impacts of emerging infectious diseases.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/ece3.4849","usgsCitation":"DiRenzo, G.V., Che-Castaldo, C., Saunders, S.P., Campbell Grant, E.H., and Zipkin, E.F., 2019, Disease‐structured N‐mixture models: A practical guide to model disease dynamics using count data: Ecology and Evolution, v. 9, no. 2, p. 899-909, https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.4849.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"899","endPage":"909","ipdsId":"IP-099044","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":467871,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.4849","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":361552,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"9","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":10,"text":"Baltimore PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-02-05","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"DiRenzo, Graziella V.","contributorId":192177,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"DiRenzo","given":"Graziella","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":758142,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Che-Castaldo, Christian","contributorId":202588,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Che-Castaldo","given":"Christian","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36488,"text":"Stony Brook University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":758143,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Saunders, Sarah P.","contributorId":192752,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Saunders","given":"Sarah","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":758144,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Campbell Grant, Evan H. 0000-0003-4401-6496 ehgrant@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4401-6496","contributorId":150443,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Campbell Grant","given":"Evan","email":"ehgrant@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":758141,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Zipkin, Elise F. 0000-0003-4155-6139","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4155-6139","contributorId":192755,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zipkin","given":"Elise","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":6601,"text":"Michigan State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":758145,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70204682,"text":"70204682 - 2019 - Landscape and organismal factors affecting sagebrush-seedling transplant survival after megafire restoration","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-09-16T12:28:21","indexId":"70204682","displayToPublicDate":"2019-02-26T14:09:32","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3271,"text":"Restoration Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Landscape and organismal factors affecting sagebrush-seedling transplant survival after megafire restoration","docAbstract":"Larger and more frequent disturbances are motivating efforts to accelerate recovery of foundational perennial species by focusing efforts into establishing island patches to sustain keystone species and facilitate recovery of the surrounding plant community. Evaluating the variability in abiotic and biotic factors that contribute to differences in survival and establishment can provide useful insight into the relative importance of these factors. In the western United States, severe degradation of the sagebrush steppe has motivated substantial efforts to restore native perennial cover, but success has been mixed. In this study, we evaluated survival of >3000 sagebrush seedlings transplanted on 12 patches totaling of 650 ha within a 113,000 ha burn area, and related the survival to organismal and sub‐taxonomic traits, and to landscape variables. Big sagebrush has high intraspecific diversity attributed to subspecies and cytotypes identifiable through UV‐induced fluorescence, length:width of leaves, or genome size (ploidy). Of these organismal traits, survival was related only to UV fluorescence, and then only so when landscape variables were excluded from analyses. The most significant landscape variable affecting survival was soil taxonomic subgroup, with much lower survival where buried restrictive layers reduce deep water infiltration. Survival also decreased with greater slope steepness, exotic annual grass cover, and burn severity. Survival was optimal where perennial bunchgrasses comprised 8‐14% of total cover. These soil, topographic, and community condition factors revealed through monitoring of landscape‐level treatments can be used to explain the success of plantings and to strategically plan future restoration projects.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/rec.12940","usgsCitation":"Davidson, B., Germino, M., Richardson, B., and Barnard, D., 2019, Landscape and organismal factors affecting sagebrush-seedling transplant survival after megafire restoration: Restoration Ecology, v. 27, no. 5, p. 1008-1020, https://doi.org/10.1111/rec.12940.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"1008","endPage":"1020","ipdsId":"IP-102038","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":437560,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9XMR9G9","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Survival data of transplanted sagebrush (Artemesia tridentata) seedlings in relation to vegetative, organismal, and topographic conditions after megafire"},{"id":366411,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"27","issue":"5","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-03-28","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Davidson, Bill","contributorId":218014,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davidson","given":"Bill","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":768055,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Germino, Matthew J. 0000-0001-6326-7579 mgermino@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6326-7579","contributorId":152582,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Germino","given":"Matthew J.","email":"mgermino@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":768054,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Richardson, Bryce 0000-0001-9521-4367","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9521-4367","contributorId":195702,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Richardson","given":"Bryce","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":768056,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Barnard, David","contributorId":218015,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barnard","given":"David","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":768057,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70215598,"text":"70215598 - 2019 - Combining dynamic rupture simulations with ground motion data to characterize seismic hazard from Mw 3-5.8 earthquakes in Oklahoma and Kansas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-10-25T18:39:00.821177","indexId":"70215598","displayToPublicDate":"2019-02-26T13:33:33","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Combining dynamic rupture simulations with ground motion data to characterize seismic hazard from Mw 3-5.8 earthquakes in Oklahoma and Kansas","docAbstract":"Many seismically active areas suffer from a lack of near‐source ground‐motion recordings, making ground‐motion prediction difficult at distances within
Nutrient inputs from commercial agricultural fertilizer, particularly nitrogen and phosphorus, are important factors contributing to the degradation of surface-water quality and the alteration of aquatic ecosystems. Despite this importance, information about the application of fertilizer to agricultural land is not available in a consistent manner across the United States at a scale useful for regional water-quality assessment. To address this need, an approach is developed to relate commercial fertilizer sales to a set of explanatory variables using spatially referenced modeling methods. Spatially referenced modeling in this study refers to statistically relating fertilizer use, estimated from commercial fertilizer sales data, to spatially referenced data on watershed attributes. Separate models for nitrogen and phosphorus are developed to estimate elemental fertilizer use on agricultural lands for the conterminous United States at the National Hydrography Dataset Plus (NHDPlus) catchment scale for the year 2012. The approach builds on earlier efforts that use Association of American Plant Food Control Officials data on fertilizer sales to provide county-level estimates of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer use. The spatially referenced method improves on these efforts by allowing for varying nitrogen to phosphorus ratios at the catchment scale and expanding the set of variables used to allocate county-level sales data to the catchment scale. The models include catchment-level factors that are either primary determinants of fertilizer use, such as the acreage of different crop types, or measures reflecting the intensity of use, such as climate. Explanatory variables available only at the county scale, such as U.S. Department of Agriculture Census of Agriculture estimates of fertilizer expenditures, are included to improve the model predictions of elemental use. The nitrogen and phosphorus models explain more than 90 percent of the variation in elemental use at the state level, and the statistical approach allows for the estimation of uncertainty of predicted use in each catchment. The spatial patterns of model predictions reflect known agricultural cropping practices across the United States that transcend political boundaries, despite the county/state orientation of the fertilizer sales information. The results are expected to be useful for a variety of water-quality assessments that are intended to estimate nitrogen and phosphorus loads to streams.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20185145","usgsCitation":"Stewart, J.S., Schwarz, G.E., Brakebill, J.W., and Preston, S.D., 2019, Catchment-level estimates of nitrogen and phosphorus agricultural use from commercial fertilizer sales for the conterminous United States, 2012: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2018–5145, 52 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20185145.","productDescription":"Report: x, 52 p.; Data releases","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-092916","costCenters":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":361425,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2018/5145/sir20185145.pdf","text":"Report","size":"54.8 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 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U.S. Geological Survey
8505 Research Way
Middleton, Wisconsin 53562
Director, Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
384 Woods Hole Road Quissett Campus
Woods Hole, MA 02543–1598
Submerged macrophyte habitats provide significant benefits to estuarine systems. In southeast Louisiana, Myriophyllum spicatum L. (milfoil) and Ruppia maritima L. (widgeongrass) are dominant species existing across fresh to brackish areas. Though frequently co-occurring across the range of salinity and light conditions, their individual responses to changing environmental conditions from restoration, weather and climate may determine overall species distribution, and biomass abundance. We compared milfoil and widgeongrass growth (i.e., biomass increase) across a range of salinity and light, in monoculture (salinity: 0, 5, 10, 15, 20; light: high ˜ 50% ambient; low ˜ 20% ambient), and in mixture (salinity: 0, 10, 20; light: high, low). In monoculture, milfoil growth was reduced at high salinity (20) versus low salinity (0), while biomass allocation differed significantly with greater allocation to shoots under high light, compared to low light. Widgeongrass was minimally affected by salinity, with reduced stem densities at high salinity compared to low salinity. In mixture, both species under-yielded compared to monoculture with milfoil reduced with high salinity and light, and low salinity and light; widgeongrass under-yielded with low salinity and high light, and mid salinity (10) and low light. These differences in species’ responses suggest that salinity and light contribute to the distribution of milfoil and widgeongrass, with higher salinities and light favoring widgeongrass growth, and lower light possibly decreasing both species’ growth, and ultimately, distribution. With continued changes occurring and predicted from both coastal restoration and climate change, understanding drivers of habitat forming species remains critical to inform future landscapes.
We examined Golden Eagle (Aquila chrysaetos) brood survival in relation to spring temperatures and exposure of nests to afternoon sun in southwestern Idaho from 1970 through 2012. Most (77%) nests classified as shaded in a subset of 96 nests had northwest to east aspects, and most (71%) nests classified as exposed had south to west aspects. We analyzed survival of 1154 Golden Eagle broods in 64 territories. Golden Eagle brood survival at shaded and exposed nests did not differ when the daily maximum temperature was <32.2°C. Survival in exposed nests declined as the number of days with maximum temperature ≥32.2°C increased, but survival in shaded nests did not change. All broods survived from hatching to fledging age in eight exposed nests with artificial shade structures installed over a 6-yr period. During the same period, 7 of 42 broods in nests without shade structures failed to reach fledging age, with two failures (29%) attributed to thermal stress. Use of artificial shade structures in exposed nests may reduce or prevent mortality caused by heat stress, and thus might be a potential tool for mitigation of “take” from anthropogenic structures and activities. Additional experimentation under an adaptive management framework could provide more information about the effectiveness of using shade structures to offset nestling mortality associated with increasing temperatures predicted by climate change models.
","language":"English","publisher":"The Raptor Research Foundation","doi":"10.3356/JRR-17-100","usgsCitation":"Kochert, M.N., Steenhof, K., and Brown, J.L., 2019, Effects of nest exposure and spring temperatures on golden eagle brood survival: An opportunity for mitigation: Journal of Raptor Research, v. 53, no. 1, p. 91-97, https://doi.org/10.3356/JRR-17-100.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"91","endPage":"97","ipdsId":"IP-093510","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":362249,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","otherGeospatial":" Morley Nelson Snake River Birds of Prey National Conservation Area ","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116.33148193359375,\n 43.100982876188546\n ],\n [\n -116.01287841796874,\n 43.100982876188546\n ],\n [\n -116.01287841796874,\n 43.27320591705845\n ],\n [\n -116.33148193359375,\n 43.27320591705845\n ],\n [\n -116.33148193359375,\n 43.100982876188546\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"53","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kochert, Michael N. 0000-0002-4380-3298 mkochert@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4380-3298","contributorId":3037,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kochert","given":"Michael","email":"mkochert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":759650,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Steenhof, Karen karen_steenhof@usgs.gov","contributorId":203439,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Steenhof","given":"Karen","email":"karen_steenhof@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":759651,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brown, Jessi L.","contributorId":44817,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brown","given":"Jessi","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":13184,"text":"Program in Ecology, Evolution and Conservation Biology, University of Nevada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":759652,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70202342,"text":"70202342 - 2019 - Spatial distribution of band recoveries of black brant","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-25T13:51:26","indexId":"70202342","displayToPublicDate":"2019-02-25T13:51:23","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spatial distribution of band recoveries of black brant","docAbstract":"On average, band recovery rates of adult black brant (Branta bernicla nigricans) more than doubled between the 2000s and 2010s. However, the spatial distribution of band recoveries of black brant has not been reported. Our objective was to describe the spatial distribution of band recoveries of black brant since 1990. We found that Alaska, California, and Mexico accounted for ≥89% of band recoveries for black brant released from the Arctic and the Tutakoke River Colony in southwestern Alaska, in each decade studied. Although recovery rates increased in each major harvest region from the 1990s to 2010s, increases were not even. For brant released from the Arctic, the recovery rate in Alaska has gone up 7‐fold, whereas the recovery rate in Mexico has increased 1.3‐fold since the 1990s. For brant banded in the Arctic, the increased recovery rates in Alaska resulted largely from a rise in recoveries from the Izembek Lagoon area. For brant banded at the Tutakoke River Colony, the recovery rate in Alaska increased 4.8‐fold, whereas recovery rates in Mexico increased 1.6‐fold. Despite the reduced relative contribution of Mexico to band recoveries in the 2010s, Bahia San Quintin, Mexico, still contributes more recoveries than any other wintering estuary. Because 57–60% of black brant band recoveries occur at the localities of Izembek Lagoon, Alaska; Humboldt Bay, California; and Bahia San Quintin, it is likely that accurate annual estimates of the black brant population using Lincoln's method could be derived from hunter bag checks at these 3 areas. If population managers are interested in managing harvest rates of black brant, they could focus efforts on the main hunting areas we highlight in this paper. Finally, it is unclear if the recent increases in band recovery rates are the result of increased harvest, a declining population, or both; therefore, we suggest refinement of population monitoring programs and continued monitoring of band recovery rates.
","language":"English","publisher":"The Wildlife Society","doi":"10.1002/jwmg.21595","usgsCitation":"Leach, A.G., Ward, D.H., Sedinger, J.S., Riecke, T., Hupp, J.W., and Ritchie, R.J., 2019, Spatial distribution of band recoveries of black brant: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 83, no. 2, p. 304-311, https://doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.21595.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"304","endPage":"311","ipdsId":"IP-097341","costCenters":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":361506,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"83","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-11-19","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Leach, Alan G.","contributorId":203591,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Leach","given":"Alan","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":36666,"text":"Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Science, University of Nevada-Reno","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":757931,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ward, David H. 0000-0002-5242-2526 dward@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5242-2526","contributorId":3247,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ward","given":"David","email":"dward@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":757930,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sedinger, James S.","contributorId":84861,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sedinger","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":12742,"text":"University of Nevada Reno","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":757932,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Riecke, Thomas V.","contributorId":171482,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Riecke","given":"Thomas V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":757933,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hupp, Jerry W. 0000-0002-6439-3910 jhupp@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6439-3910","contributorId":127803,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hupp","given":"Jerry","email":"jhupp@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":757934,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ritchie, Robert J.","contributorId":203595,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ritchie","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":36669,"text":"ABR, Inc.—Environmental Research & Services","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":757935,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ]}