{"pageNumber":"743","pageRowStart":"18550","pageSize":"25","recordCount":40783,"records":[{"id":70042525,"text":"70042525 - 2011 - Slip rate and slip magnitudes of past earthquakes along the Bogd left-lateral strike-slip fault (Mongolia)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-29T14:48:37.882024","indexId":"70042525","displayToPublicDate":"2011-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1803,"text":"Geophysical Journal International","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Slip rate and slip magnitudes of past earthquakes along the Bogd left-lateral strike-slip fault (Mongolia)","docAbstract":"<p class=\"chapter-para\">We carried out morphotectonic studies along the left-lateral strike-slip Bogd Fault, the principal structure involved in the Gobi-Altay earthquake of 1957 December 4 (published magnitudes range from 7.8 to 8.3). The Bogd Fault is 260 km long and can be subdivided into five main geometric segments, based on variation in strike direction. West to East these segments are, respectively: the West Ih Bogd (WIB), The North Ih Bogd (NIB), the West Ih Bogd (WIB), the West Baga Bogd (WBB) and the East Baga Bogd (EBB) segments. Morphological analysis of offset streams, ridges and alluvial fans—particularly well preserved in the arid environment of the Gobi region—allows evaluation of late Quaternary slip rates along the different faults segments. In this paper, we measure slip rates over the past 200 ka at four sites distributed across the three western segments of the Bogd Fault. Our results show that the left-lateral slip rate is ∼1 mm yr<sup>–1</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>along the WIB and EIB segments and ∼0.5 mm yr<sup>–1</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>along the NIB segment. These variations are consistent with the restraining bend geometry of the Bogd Fault.</p><p class=\"chapter-para\">Our study also provides additional estimates of the horizontal offset associated with the 1957 earthquake along the western part of the Bogd rupture, complementing previously published studies. We show that the mean horizontal offset associated with the 1957 earthquake decreases progressively from 5.2 m in the west to 2.0 m in the east, reflecting the progressive change of kinematic style from pure left-lateral strike-slip faulting to left-lateral-reverse faulting. Along the three western segments, we measure cumulative displacements that are multiples of the 1957 coseismic offset, which may be consistent with a characteristic slip. Moreover, using these data, we re-estimate the moment magnitude of the Gobi-Altay earthquake at<span>&nbsp;</span><i>M</i><sub>w</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>7.78–7.95.</p><p class=\"chapter-para\">Combining our slip rate estimates and the slip distribution per event we also determined a mean recurrence interval of ∼2500–5200 yr for past earthquakes along the different segments of the western Bogd Fault. This suggests that the three western segments of the Bogd Fault and the Gurvan Bulag thrust fault (a reverse fault bounding the southern side of the Ih Bogd range that ruptured during the 1957 earthquake) have similar average recurrence times, and therefore may have ruptured together in previous earthquakes as they did in 1957. These results suggest that the western part of the Bogd Fault system, including the Gurvan Bulag thrust fault, usually behaves in a ‘characteristic earthquake’ mode.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-246X.2011.05075.x","usgsCitation":"Rizza, M., Ritz, J., Braucher, R., Vassallo, R., Prentice, C., Mahan, S.A., McGill, S., Chauvet, A., Marco, S., Todbileg, M., Demberel, S., and Bourles, D., 2011, Slip rate and slip magnitudes of past earthquakes along the Bogd left-lateral strike-slip fault (Mongolia): Geophysical Journal International, v. 186, p. 897-927, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.2011.05075.x.","productDescription":"31 p.","startPage":"897","endPage":"927","ipdsId":"IP-029539","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474949,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246x.2011.05075.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":268106,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Mongolia","otherGeospatial":"Bogd Fault","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              96.470947265625,\n              44.77013681219717\n            ],\n            [\n              101.97509765625,\n              44.77013681219717\n            ],\n            [\n              101.97509765625,\n              47.025206001585396\n            ],\n            [\n              96.470947265625,\n              47.025206001585396\n            ],\n            [\n              96.470947265625,\n              44.77013681219717\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"186","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-07-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"512b44c0e4b0523e997a81cc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rizza, M.","contributorId":35157,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rizza","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":810959,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ritz, J.-F.","contributorId":105890,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ritz","given":"J.-F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":810960,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Braucher, R.","contributorId":8698,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Braucher","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":810961,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Vassallo, R.","contributorId":62433,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vassallo","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":810962,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Prentice, C.","contributorId":33107,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prentice","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":810963,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Mahan, Shannon A. 0000-0001-5214-7774 smahan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5214-7774","contributorId":147159,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mahan","given":"Shannon","email":"smahan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":810964,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"McGill, S.","contributorId":46795,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGill","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":810965,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Chauvet, A.","contributorId":10642,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chauvet","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":810966,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Marco, S.","contributorId":252837,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Marco","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":810967,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Todbileg, M.","contributorId":24593,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Todbileg","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":810968,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Demberel, S.","contributorId":25797,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Demberel","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":810969,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Bourles, D.","contributorId":66036,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bourles","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":810970,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}}
,{"id":70004544,"text":"70004544 - 2011 - Assessing hypotheses about nesting site occupancy dynamics","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-12T22:06:32.763455","indexId":"70004544","displayToPublicDate":"2011-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1465,"text":"Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessing hypotheses about nesting site occupancy dynamics","docAbstract":"<p>Hypotheses about habitat selection developed in the evolutionary ecology framework assume that individuals, under some conditions, select breeding habitat based on expected fitness in different habitat. The relationship between habitat quality and fitness may be reflected by breeding success of individuals, which may in turn be used to assess habitat quality. Habitat quality may also be assessed via local density: if high‐quality sites are preferentially used, high density may reflect high‐quality habitat.</p><p>Here we assessed whether site occupancy dynamics vary with site surrogates for habitat quality. We modeled nest site use probability in a seabird subcolony (the Black‐legged Kittiwake,<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Rissa tridactyla</i>) over a 20‐year period. We estimated site persistence (an occupied site remains occupied from time<span>&nbsp;</span><i>t</i><span>&nbsp;</span>to<span>&nbsp;</span><i>t</i><span>&nbsp;</span>+ 1) and colonization through two subprocesses: first colonization (site creation at the timescale of the study) and recolonization (a site is colonized again after being deserted). Our model explicitly incorporated site‐specific and neighboring breeding success and conspecific density in the neighborhood. Our results provided evidence that reproductively “successful” sites have a higher persistence probability than “unsuccessful” ones. Analyses of site fidelity in marked birds and of survival probability showed that high site persistence predominantly reflects site fidelity, not immediate colonization by new owners after emigration or death of previous owners. There is a negative quadratic relationship between local density and persistence probability. First colonization probability decreases with density, whereas recolonization probability is constant. This highlights the importance of distinguishing initial colonization and recolonization to understand site occupancy. All dynamics varied positively with neighboring breeding success. We found evidence of a positive interaction between site‐specific and neighboring breeding success.</p><p>We addressed local population dynamics using a site occupancy approach integrating hypotheses developed in behavioral ecology to account for individual decisions. This allows development of models of population and metapopulation dynamics that explicitly incorporate ecological and evolutionary processes.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1890/10-0392.1","usgsCitation":"Bled, F., Royle, J., and Cam, E., 2011, Assessing hypotheses about nesting site occupancy dynamics: Ecology, v. 92, no. 4, p. 938-951, https://doi.org/10.1890/10-0392.1.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"938","endPage":"951","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":203874,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"France","state":"Brittany","otherGeospatial":"Cap Sizun","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -4.302520751953125,\n              48.08817066753472\n            ],\n            [\n              -4.37530517578125,\n              48.111099041065366\n            ],\n            [\n              -4.72412109375,\n              48.06569093979212\n            ],\n            [\n              -4.741973876953125,\n              48.038610478762806\n            ],\n            [\n              -4.568939208984375,\n              47.99911175452292\n            ],\n            [\n              -4.4515228271484375,\n              47.982108806418296\n            ],\n            [\n              -4.310760498046875,\n              47.98302802791759\n            ],\n            [\n              -4.302520751953125,\n              48.08817066753472\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"92","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abbe4b07f02db672a4a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bled, Florent","contributorId":93613,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bled","given":"Florent","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350672,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Royle, J. Andrew 0000-0003-3135-2167","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3135-2167","contributorId":80808,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Royle","given":"J. Andrew","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":350671,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cam, Emmanuelle","contributorId":78069,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cam","given":"Emmanuelle","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350670,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70003904,"text":"70003904 - 2011 - Assessing power of large river fish monitoring programs to detect population changes: the Missouri River sturgeon example","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-10-13T11:28:21","indexId":"70003904","displayToPublicDate":"2011-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2166,"text":"Journal of Applied Ichthyology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessing power of large river fish monitoring programs to detect population changes: the Missouri River sturgeon example","docAbstract":"In 2003, the US Army Corps of Engineers initiated the Pallid Sturgeon Population Assessment Program (PSPAP) to monitor pallid sturgeon and the fish community of the Missouri River. The power analysis of PSPAP presented here was conducted to guide sampling design and effort decisions. The PSPAP sampling design has a nested structure with multiple gear subsamples within a river bend. Power analyses were based on a normal linear mixed model, using a mixed cell means approach, with variance estimates from the original data. It was found that, at current effort levels, at least 20 years for pallid and 10 years for shovelnose sturgeon is needed to detect a 5% annual decline. Modified bootstrap simulations suggest power estimates from the original data are conservative due to excessive zero fish counts. In general, the approach presented is applicable to a wide array of animal monitoring programs.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","publisherLocation":"Hoboken, NJ","doi":"10.1111/j.1439-0426.2010.01635.x","usgsCitation":"Wildhaber, M., Holan, S., Bryan, J., Gladish, D., and Ellersieck, M., 2011, Assessing power of large river fish monitoring programs to detect population changes: the Missouri River sturgeon example: Journal of Applied Ichthyology, v. 27, no. 2, p. 282-290, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0426.2010.01635.x.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"282","endPage":"290","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474952,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0426.2010.01635.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":204128,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","volume":"27","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-03-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abbe4b07f02db672a5b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wildhaber, M. L. 0000-0002-6538-9083","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6538-9083","contributorId":62961,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wildhaber","given":"M. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349413,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Holan, S. H.","contributorId":76453,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Holan","given":"S. H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349415,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bryan, J.L.","contributorId":15328,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bryan","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349412,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gladish, D. W.","contributorId":68445,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gladish","given":"D. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349414,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ellersieck, M.","contributorId":105841,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellersieck","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349416,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70003991,"text":"70003991 - 2011 - Appropriate uses and considerations for online surveying in human dimensions research","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-12T14:58:37","indexId":"70003991","displayToPublicDate":"2011-07-29T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1909,"text":"Human Dimensions of Wildlife","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Appropriate uses and considerations for online surveying in human dimensions research","docAbstract":"Online surveying has gained attention in recent years for its applicability to human dimensions research as an efficient and inexpensive data-collection method; however, online surveying is not a panacea. In this article, we provide some guidelines for alleviating or avoiding the criticisms and pitfalls suggested of online survey methods and explore two case studies demonstrating different approaches to online surveying. The first was a mixed-mode study of visitors to 52 participating National Wildlife Refuges. The response rate was 72%, with over half of respondents completing the survey online, resulting in cost-savings and efficiencies that would not have otherwise been realized. The second highlighted an online-only approach targeting specialized users of satellite imagery. Through branching and skipping, the online mode allowed flexibilities in administration impractical in a mail survey. The response rate of 53% was higher than typical for online surveys. Both case studies provide examples of appropriate uses of online surveying.","language":"English","publisher":"Routledge","publisherLocation":"Abingdon, UK","doi":"10.1080/10871209.2011.572142","usgsCitation":"Sexton, N.R., Miller, H.M., and Dietsch, A.M., 2011, Appropriate uses and considerations for online surveying in human dimensions research: Human Dimensions of Wildlife, v. 16, no. 3, p. 154-163, https://doi.org/10.1080/10871209.2011.572142.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"154","endPage":"163","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":204149,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","volume":"16","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-05-31","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac6e4b07f02db67a250","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sexton, Natalie R.","contributorId":82750,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sexton","given":"Natalie","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350058,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, Holly M. 0000-0003-0914-7570 millerh@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0914-7570","contributorId":29544,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Holly","email":"millerh@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350056,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dietsch, Alia M.","contributorId":66399,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dietsch","given":"Alia","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350057,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70003690,"text":"70003690 - 2011 - Application of MODFLOW for oil reservoir simulation during the Deepwater Horizon Crisis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-21T16:33:47","indexId":"70003690","displayToPublicDate":"2011-07-29T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Application of MODFLOW for oil reservoir simulation during the Deepwater Horizon Crisis","docAbstract":"When the Macondo well was shut in on July 15, 2010, the shut-in pressure recovered to a level that indicated the possibility of oil leakage out of the well casing into the surrounding formation. Such a leak could initiate a hydraulic fracture that might eventually breach the seafloor, resulting in renewed and uncontrolled oil flow into the Gulf of Mexico. To help evaluate whether or not to reopen the well, a MODFLOW model was constructed within 24 h after shut in to analyze the shut-in pressure. The model showed that the shut-in pressure can be explained by a reasonable scenario in which the well did not leak after shut in. The rapid response provided a scientific analysis for the decision to keep the well shut, thus ending the oil spill resulting from the Deepwater Horizon blow out.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.2011.00813.x","usgsCitation":"Hsieh, P.A., 2011, Application of MODFLOW for oil reservoir simulation during the Deepwater Horizon Crisis: Ground Water, v. 49, no. 3, p. 319-323, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2011.00813.x.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"319","endPage":"323","costCenters":[{"id":148,"text":"Branch of Regional Research-Western Region","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":204148,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Gulf of Mexico","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -98.1298828125,\n              26.194876675795218\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.0791015625,\n              25.284437746983055\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.947265625,\n              26.07652055985697\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.3203125,\n              29.726222319395504\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.396484375,\n              31.541089879585808\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.97753906249999,\n              31.015278981711266\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.85546875,\n              29.878755346037977\n            ],\n            [\n              -98.1298828125,\n              26.194876675795218\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"49","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-03-16","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac6e4b07f02db67ab98","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hsieh, Paul A. 0000-0003-4873-4874 pahsieh@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4873-4874","contributorId":1634,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hsieh","given":"Paul","email":"pahsieh@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":39113,"text":"WMA - Office of Quality Assurance","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":348352,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70004982,"text":"ofr20111163 - 2011 - Near-field receiving water monitoring of trace metals and a benthic community near the Palo Alto Regional Water Quality Control Plant in South San Francisco Bay, California: 2010","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-20T21:45:03.511293","indexId":"ofr20111163","displayToPublicDate":"2011-07-29T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-1163","title":"Near-field receiving water monitoring of trace metals and a benthic community near the Palo Alto Regional Water Quality Control Plant in South San Francisco Bay, California: 2010","docAbstract":"<p>Trace-metal concentrations in sediment and in the clam<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Macoma petalum</i><span>&nbsp;</span>(formerly reported as<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Macoma balthica</i>), clam reproductive activity, and benthic macroinvertebrate community structure were investigated in a mudflat 1 kilometer south of the discharge of the Palo Alto Regional Water Quality Control Plant (PARWQCP) in South San Francisco Bay, Calif. This report includes the data collected for the period January 2010 to December 2010 and extends a critical long-term biogeochemical record that dates back to 1974. These data serve as the basis for the City of Palo Alto’s Near-Field Receiving Water Monitoring Program initiated in 1994.</p><p>In 2010, metal concentrations in both sediments and clam tissue were among the lowest concentrations on record and consistent with results observed since 1991. Following significant reductions in the late 1980s, silver (Ag) and copper (Cu) concentrations appear to have stabilized. Annual mean concentrations have fluctuated modestly (2–4 fold) in a nondirectional manner. Data for other metals, including chromium, mercury, nickel, selenium, vanadium, and zinc, have been collected since 1994. Over this period, concentrations of these elements, which likely reflect regional inputs and systemwide processes, have remained relatively constant, aside from typical seasonal variation that is common to all elements. Within years, the winter months (January–March) generally exhibit maximum concentrations, with a decline to annual minima in spring through fall. Concentrations of chromium (Cr) and vanadium (V) in sediments have shown an upward trend since 2005. Chromium concentrations are approaching the record maximum levels observed in 2003, and concentrations of V in sediments in 2010 were the highest annual average concentrations on record. Mercury (Hg) concentrations in sediments and<span>&nbsp;</span><i>M. petalum</i><span>&nbsp;</span>in 2010 were comparable to concentrations observed in 2009 and were generally consistent with data from previous years. Selenium (Se) concentrations in sediment varied among years and showed no sustained temporal trend. During 2009–2010, sedimentary Se concentrations declined from the record high observed in 2008 to concentrations that were among the lowest on record. Selenium in<span>&nbsp;</span><i>M. petalum</i><span>&nbsp;</span>was slightly higher in 2010 than in 2009. Overall, Cu and Ag concentrations in sediments and soft tissues of the clam,<span>&nbsp;</span><i>M. petalum</i>, remained representative of the concentrations observed since 1991 following significant reductions in the discharge of these elements from the PARWQCP. This indicates that, as with other elements of regulatory interest, regional-scale factors now largely affect sedimentary and bioavailable concentrations of Ag and Cu.</p><p>Analyses of the benthic community structure of a mudflat in South San Francisco Bay over a 37-year period show that changes in the community have occurred concurrent with reduced concentrations of metals in the sediment and in the tissues of the biosentinel clam,<span>&nbsp;</span><i>M. petalum</i>, from the same area. Analysis of the<span>&nbsp;</span><i>M. petalum</i><span>&nbsp;</span>community shows increases in reproductive activity concurrent with the decline in metal concentrations in the tissues of this organism. Reproductive activity is presently stable (2010), with almost all animals initiating reproduction in the fall and spawning the following spring of most years. The community has shifted from being dominated by several opportunistic species to a community where the species are more similar in abundance, a pattern that indicates a more stable community that is subjected to fewer stressors. In addition, two of the opportunistic species (<i>Ampelisca abdita</i><span>&nbsp;</span>and<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Streblospio benedicti</i>) that brood their young and live on the surface of the sediment in tubes have shown a continual decline in dominance coincident with the decline in metals; both species had short-lived rebounds in abundance in 2008, 2009, and 2010.<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Heteromastus filiformis</i><span>&nbsp;</span>(a subsurface polychaete worm that lives in the sediment, consumes sediment and organic particles residing in the sediment, and reproduces by laying its eggs on or in the sediment) showed a concurrent increase in dominance and, in last several years prior to 2008, showed a stable population. An unidentified disturbance occurred on the mudflat in early 2008 that resulted in the loss of the benthic animals, except for those deep-dwelling animals like<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Macoma petalum</i>. Animals immediately returned to the mudflat in 2008, which was the first indication that the disturbance was not due to a persistent toxin or to anoxia. The use of functional ecology was highlighted in the 2010 benthic community data, which show that the animals that have now returned to the mudflat are those that can respond successfully to a physical, nontoxic disturbance. Today, community data show a mix of animals that consume the sediment, filter feed, have pelagic larvae that must survive landing on the sediment, and brood their young. USGS scientists continue to observe the community’s response to the defaunation event because it allows them to examine the response of the community to a natural disturbance (possible causes include sediment accretion or freshwater inundation) and compare this recovery to the long-term recovery observed in the 1970s when the decline in sediment pollutants was the dominating factor.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20111163","usgsCitation":"Dyke, J., Parcheso, F., Thompson, J.K., Cain, D.J., Luoma, S.N., and Hornberger, M.I., 2011, Near-field receiving water monitoring of trace metals and a benthic community near the Palo Alto Regional Water Quality Control Plant in South San Francisco Bay, California: 2010: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1163, vi, 24 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111163.","productDescription":"vi, 24 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":434,"text":"National Research Program","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116167,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2011_1163.gif"},{"id":24463,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1163/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":394625,"rank":2,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_95356.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Palo Alto Regional Water Quality Control Plant, South San Francisco Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -122.11938858032227,\n              37.449854970912526\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.09775924682616,\n              37.449854970912526\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.09775924682616,\n              37.46641110157195\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.11938858032227,\n              37.46641110157195\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.11938858032227,\n              37.449854970912526\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b00e4b07f02db697f1f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dyke, Jessica jldyke@usgs.gov","contributorId":1035,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dyke","given":"Jessica","email":"jldyke@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - 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,{"id":70004981,"text":"sir20115078 - 2011 - A water-budget model and assessment of groundwater recharge for the Island of Hawai'i","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-07T19:04:02.580289","indexId":"sir20115078","displayToPublicDate":"2011-07-29T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-5078","title":"A water-budget model and assessment of groundwater recharge for the Island of Hawai'i","docAbstract":"Concern surrounding increasing demand for groundwater on the Island of Hawai&#699;i, caused by a growing population and an increasing reliance on groundwater as a source for municipal and private water systems, has prompted a study of groundwater recharge on the island using the most current data and accepted methods. For this study, a daily water-budget model for the entire Island of Hawai&#699;i was developed and used to estimate mean recharge for various land-cover and rainfall conditions, and a submodel for the Kona area was developed and used to estimate historical groundwater recharge in the Kona area during the period 1984&ndash;2008. Estimated mean annual recharge on the Island of Hawai&#699;i is 6,594 million gallons per day, which is about 49 percent of mean annual rainfall. Recharge is highest on the windward slopes of Mauna Loa, below the tradewind inversion, and lowest on the leeward slopes of Kohala and Mauna Kea. Local recharge maxima also occur on (1) windward Kohala, with the exception of the northern tip, (2) windward Mauna Kea below the tradewind inversion, (3) windward K&#299;lauea, (4) the middle elevations of southeastern Mauna Loa, and (5) the lower-middle elevations of leeward Mauna Loa and southwestern Hual&#257;lai, in the Kona area. Local recharge minima also occur on (1) Mauna Kea and Mauna Loa, above the tradewind inversion, (2) the northern tip of Kohala, (3) leeward K&#299;lauea, (4) the southern tip of Mauna Loa, and (5) the northwestern slopes of Mauna Loa and Hual&#257;lai. In 18 of the 24 aquifer systems on the island, estimated mean annual recharge for baseline conditions was higher than the recharge estimates used in the 2008 State of Hawai&#699;i Water Resource Protection Plan (2008 WRPP). Baseline conditions for this study were 2008 land cover and mean annual rainfall from the period 1916&ndash;1983. Estimates of recharge for the M&#257;hukona, Waimea, and H&#257;w&#299; aquifer systems, however, were between 29 and 38 percent lower than the 2008 WRPP estimates, mainly because of much higher evapotranspiration estimates in this study compared to the 2008 WRPP. For the drought simulation (1991&ndash;95 rainfall), the estimates of recharge for these three aquifer systems were only 15 to 33 percent of the sustainable yields (maximum allowable pumping rates) set by the 2008 WRPP. This may be cause for concern, as these areas are experiencing a rapid growth in development and a related growth in water demand. Recent projections of change in rainfall owing to effects of ongoing climate change generally indicate a slight increase in islandwide rainfall, and estimates of annual recharge in the late 21st century are higher than baseline estimates for every aquifer system, except &#699;Anaeho&#699;omalu. On average, these aquifer-system recharge estimates are higher by about 8 percent compared to baseline estimates. In the Kona area, estimated groundwater recharge during the period 1984&ndash;2008 was highest during 2004&ndash;8 and lowest during 1999&ndash;2003, with the 1999&ndash;2003 recharge being about 50 percent of the 2004&ndash;8 recharge. These extremes in recharge coincided with the periods of lowest and highest mean rainfall, respectively. No seasonal pattern in recharge is discernible. Spatially, the highest recharge occurred in a belt about 4 miles wide running parallel to the coast about 2 miles inland. The sensitivity of recharge estimates to input parameters is related to the climate and land-cover conditions of the particular area of study. For the wet, forested areas characteristic of the windward side of the island, recharge was most sensitive to the ratio of runoff to rainfall. For the dry, grassland areas characteristic of the northwestern leeward side of the island, recharge was most sensitive to root depth. For the Kona area, characterized by moderate rainfall and a wide variety of land cover, recharge was most sensitive to the pan coefficient and canopy-evaporation rates in","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20115078","usgsCitation":"Engott, J.A., 2011, A water-budget model and assessment of groundwater recharge for the Island of Hawai'i: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5078, xi, 53 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20115078.","productDescription":"xi, 53 p.","numberOfPages":"64","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"1983-10-01","temporalEnd":"2008-09-30","costCenters":[{"id":525,"text":"Pacific Islands Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116190,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2011_5078.gif"},{"id":394041,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_95355.htm"},{"id":24462,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5078/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator projection","datum":"NAD83","country":"United States","state":"Hawai'i","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -156.27227783203125,\n              18.828316252698386\n            ],\n            [\n              -154.742431640625,\n              18.828316252698386\n            ],\n            [\n              -154.742431640625,\n              20.357502636858204\n            ],\n            [\n              -156.27227783203125,\n              20.357502636858204\n            ],\n            [\n              -156.27227783203125,\n              18.828316252698386\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4affe4b07f02db697a41","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Engott, John A. 0000-0003-1889-4519 jaengott@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1889-4519","contributorId":1142,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Engott","given":"John","email":"jaengott@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":525,"text":"Pacific Islands Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":351756,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70208569,"text":"70208569 - 2011 - Detection, emission estimation and risk prediction of forest fires in China using satellite sensors and simulation models in the past three decades-An overview","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-02-20T10:00:08","indexId":"70208569","displayToPublicDate":"2011-07-28T10:44:14","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2041,"text":"International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Detection, emission estimation and risk prediction of forest fires in China using satellite sensors and simulation models in the past three decades-An overview","docAbstract":"<p><span>Forest fires have major impact on ecosystems and greatly impact the amount of greenhouse gases and aerosols in the atmosphere. This paper presents an overview in the forest fire detection, emission estimation, and fire risk prediction in China using satellite imagery, climate data, and various simulation models over the past three decades. Since the 1980s, remotely-sensed data acquired by many satellites, such as NOAA/AVHRR, FY-series, MODIS, CBERS, and ENVISAT, have been widely utilized for detecting forest fire hot spots and burned areas in China. Some developed algorithms have been utilized for detecting the forest fire hot spots at a sub-pixel level. With respect to modeling the forest burning emission, a remote sensing data-driven Net Primary productivity (NPP) estimation model was developed for estimating forest biomass and fuel. In order to improve the forest fire risk modeling in China, real-time meteorological data, such as surface temperature, relative humidity, wind speed and direction，have been used as the model input for improving prediction of forest fire occurrence and its behavior. Shortwave infrared (SWIR) and near infrared (NIR) channels of satellite sensors have been employed for detecting live fuel moisture content (FMC), and the Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI) was used for evaluating the forest vegetation condition and its moisture status.&nbsp;</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"MDPI","doi":"10.3390/ijerph8083156","usgsCitation":"Zhang, J., Yao, F., Liu, C., Yang, L., and Boken, V.K., 2011, Detection, emission estimation and risk prediction of forest fires in China using satellite sensors and simulation models in the past three decades-An overview: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, v. 8, no. 8, p. 3156-3178, https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph8083156.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"3156","endPage":"3178","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474955,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher 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,{"id":70004978,"text":"ofr20111181 - 2011 - Probability and volume of potential postwildfire debris flows in the 2011 Monument burn area, southeastern Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:59","indexId":"ofr20111181","displayToPublicDate":"2011-07-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-1181","title":"Probability and volume of potential postwildfire debris flows in the 2011 Monument burn area, southeastern Arizona","docAbstract":"This report presents a preliminary emergency assessment of the debris-flow hazards from drainage basins burned by the Monument wildfire in southeastern Arizona, in 2011. Empirical models derived from statistical evaluation of data collected from recently burned drainage basins throughout the intermountain Western United States were used to estimate the probability of debris-flow occurrence and volumes of debris flows for selected drainage basins. Input for the models include measures of burn severity, topographic characteristics, soil properties, and rainfall total and intensity for a (1) 2-year-recurrence, 30-minute-duration rainfall, (2) 5-year-recurrence, 30-minute-duration rainfall, and (3) 10-year-recurrence, 30-minute-duration rainfall. Estimated debris-flow probabilities in the drainage basins of interest ranged from a low of 26 percent in response to the 2-year-recurrence, 30-minute-duration rainfall to 100 percent in response to the 10-year-recurrence, 30-minute-duration rainfall. The high probabilities in all modeled drainage basins are likely due to the abundance of steep hillslopes and the extensive areas burned at moderately to high severities. The estimated volumes ranged from a low of about 2,000 cubic meters to a high of greater than 200,000 cubic meters.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20111181","usgsCitation":"Ruddy, B.C., and Verdin, K.L., 2011, Probability and volume of potential postwildfire debris flows in the 2011 Monument burn area, southeastern Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1181, iv, 9 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111181.","productDescription":"iv, 9 p.","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116179,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2011_1181.gif"},{"id":24460,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1181/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Monument Burn Area;Southeastern Arizona","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -110.31666666666666,31.35 ], [ -110.31666666666666,31.45 ], [ -110.21666666666667,31.45 ], [ -110.21666666666667,31.35 ], [ -110.31666666666666,31.35 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9ee4b07f02db660c01","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ruddy, Barbara C. bcruddy@usgs.gov","contributorId":4163,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruddy","given":"Barbara","email":"bcruddy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":351755,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Verdin, Kristine L. 0000-0002-6114-4660 kverdin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6114-4660","contributorId":3070,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Verdin","given":"Kristine","email":"kverdin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":351754,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70003316,"text":"70003316 - 2011 - Anatomy of a metabentonite: Nucleation and growth of illite crystals and their coalescence into mixed-layer illite/smectite","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-24T20:10:31.624078","indexId":"70003316","displayToPublicDate":"2011-07-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":738,"text":"American Mineralogist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Anatomy of a metabentonite: Nucleation and growth of illite crystals and their coalescence into mixed-layer illite/smectite","docAbstract":"The illite layer content of mixed-layer illite/smectite (I/S) in a 2.5 m thick, zoned, metabentonite bed from Montana decreases regularly from the edges to the center of the bed. Traditional X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern modeling using Markovian statistics indicated that this zonation results from a mixing in different proportions of smectite-rich R0 I/S and illite-rich R1 I/S, with each phase having a relatively constant illite layer content. However, a new method for modeling XRD patterns of I/S indicates that R0 and R1 I/S in these samples are not separate phases (in the mineralogical sense of the word), but that the samples are composed of illite crystals that have continuous distributions of crystal thicknesses, and of 1 nm thick smectite crystals. The shapes of these distributions indicate that the crystals were formed by simultaneous nucleation and growth. XRD patterns for R0 and R1 I/S arise by interparticle diffraction from a random stacking of the crystals, with swelling interlayers formed at interfaces between crystals from water or glycol that is sorbed on crystal surfaces. It is the thickness distributions of smectite and illite crystals (also termed fundamental particles, or Nadeau particles), rather than XRD patterns for mixed-layer I/S, that are the more reliable indicators of geologic history, because such distributions are composed of well-defined crystals that are not affected by differences in surface sorption and particle arrangements, and because their thickness distribution shapes conform to the predictions of crystal growth theory, which describes their genesis.","language":"English","publisher":"The Mineralogical Society of America","publisherLocation":"Chantilly, VA","doi":"10.2138/am.2011.3682","usgsCitation":"Eberl, D.D., Blum, A., and Serravezza, M., 2011, Anatomy of a metabentonite: Nucleation and growth of illite crystals and their coalescence into mixed-layer illite/smectite: American Mineralogist, v. 96, no. 4, p. 586-593, https://doi.org/10.2138/am.2011.3682.","productDescription":"8 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,{"id":70004045,"text":"70004045 - 2011 - Anthropocene streams and base-level controls from historic dams in the unglaciated mid-Atlantic region, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-19T15:35:08.277773","indexId":"70004045","displayToPublicDate":"2011-07-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3047,"text":"Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Anthropocene streams and base-level controls from historic dams in the unglaciated mid-Atlantic region, USA","docAbstract":"<p><span>Recently, widespread valley-bottom damming for water power was identified as a primary control on valley sedimentation in the mid-Atlantic US during the late seventeenth to early twentieth century. The timing of damming coincided with that of accelerated upland erosion during post-European settlement land-use change. In this paper, we examine the impact of local drops in base level on incision into historic reservoir sediment as thousands of ageing dams breach. Analysis of lidar and field data indicates that historic milldam building led to local base-level rises of 2–5 m (typical milldam height) and reduced valley slopes by half. Subsequent base-level fall with dam breaching led to an approximate doubling in slope, a significant base-level forcing. Case studies in forested, rural as well as agricultural and urban areas demonstrate that a breached dam can lead to stream incision, bank erosion and increased loads of suspended sediment, even with no change in land use. After dam breaching, key predictors of stream bank erosion include number of years since dam breach, proximity to a dam and dam height. One implication of this work is that conceptual models linking channel condition and sediment yield exclusively with modern upland land use are incomplete for valleys impacted by milldams. With no equivalent in the Holocene or late Pleistocene sedimentary record, modern incised stream-channel forms in the mid-Atlantic region represent a transient response to both base-level forcing and major changes in land use beginning centuries ago. Similar channel forms might also exist in other locales where historic milling was prevalent.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Royal Society Publishing","publisherLocation":"London, UK","doi":"10.1098/rsta.2010.0335","usgsCitation":"Merritts, D., Walter, R., Rahnis, M., Hartranft, J., Cox, S., Gellis, A., Potter, N., Hilgartner, W., Langland, M.J., Manion, L., Lippincott, C., Siddiqui, S., Rehman, Z., Scheid, C., Kratz, L., Shilling, A., Jenschke, M., Datin, K., Cranmer, E., Reed, A., Matuszewski, D., Voli, M., Ohlson, E., Neugebauer, A., Ahamed, A., Neal, C., Winter, A., and Becker, S., 2011, Anthropocene streams and base-level controls from historic dams in the unglaciated mid-Atlantic region, USA: Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, v. 369, no. 1938, p. 976-1009, https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2010.0335.","productDescription":"34 p.","startPage":"976","endPage":"1009","costCenters":[{"id":374,"text":"Maryland Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":203989,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Delaware, Maryland, Newe Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Virginia, West Viginia","otherGeospatial":"Mid-Atlantic region","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -81.38671875,\n              36.61552763134925\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.322265625,\n              36.61552763134925\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.00390625,\n              39.65645604812829\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.11376953125,\n              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Robert","contributorId":28727,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walter","given":"Robert","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350306,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rahnis, Michael","contributorId":55567,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rahnis","given":"Michael","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350314,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hartranft, Jeff","contributorId":74494,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hartranft","given":"Jeff","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350322,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Cox, Scott","contributorId":107023,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cox","given":"Scott","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350328,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Gellis, 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Aakash","contributorId":43092,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ahamed","given":"Aakash","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350309,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":25},{"text":"Neal, Conor","contributorId":90862,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neal","given":"Conor","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350326,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":26},{"text":"Winter, Allison","contributorId":106625,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winter","given":"Allison","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350327,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":27},{"text":"Becker, Steven","contributorId":17748,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Becker","given":"Steven","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350304,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":28}]}}
,{"id":70003985,"text":"70003985 - 2011 - Antigenic profiling of Yersinia pestis infection in the Wyoming coyote (Canis latrans)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-07T16:13:57.909233","indexId":"70003985","displayToPublicDate":"2011-07-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2507,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Diseases","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Antigenic profiling of Yersinia pestis infection in the Wyoming coyote (Canis latrans)","docAbstract":"<p>Although Yersinia pestis is classified as a \"high-virulence\" pathogen, some host species are variably susceptible to disease. Coyotes (Canis latrans) exhibit mild, if any, symptoms during infection, but antibody production occurs postinfection. This immune response has been reported to be against the F1 capsule, although little subsequent characterization has been conducted. To further define the nature of coyote humoral immunity to plague, qualitative serology was conducted to assess the antiplague antibody repertoire. Humoral responses to six plasmid-encoded Y. pestis virulence factors were first examined. Of 20 individual immune coyotes, 90% were reactive to at least one other antigen in the panel other than F1. The frequency of reactivity to low calcium response plasmid (pLcr)-encoded Yersinia protein kinase A (YpkA) and Yersinia outer protein D (YopD) was significantly greater than that previously observed in a murine model for plague. Additionally, both V antigen and plasminogen activator were reactive with over half of the serum samples tested. Reactivity to F1 was markedly less frequent in coyotes (35%). Twenty previously tested antibody-negative samples were also examined. While the majority were negative across the panel, 15% were positive for 1-3 non-F1 antigens. In vivo-induced antigen technology employed to identify novel chromosomal genes of Y. pestis that are up-regulated during infection resulted in the identification of five proteins, including a flagellar component (FliP) that was uniquely reactive with the coyote serum compared with immune serum from two other host species. Collectively, these data suggest that humoral immunity to pLcr-encoded antigens and the pesticin plasmid (pPst)-encoded Pla antigen may be relevant to plague resistance in coyotes. The serologic profile of Y. pestis chromosomal antigens up-regulated in vivo specific to C. latrans may provide insight into the differences in the pathogen-host responses during Y. pestis infection.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Disease Association","publisherLocation":"Lawrence, KS","doi":"10.7589/0090-3558-47.1.21","usgsCitation":"Vernati, G., Edwards, W., Rocke, T., Little, S., and Andrews, G., 2011, Antigenic profiling of Yersinia pestis infection in the Wyoming coyote (Canis latrans): Journal of Wildlife Diseases, v. 47, no. 1, p. 21-29, https://doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-47.1.21.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"21","endPage":"29","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-023900","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":203917,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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0000-0003-3933-1563","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3933-1563","contributorId":88680,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rocke","given":"Tonie E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350038,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Little, S.F.","contributorId":48296,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Little","given":"S.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350036,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Andrews, G.P.","contributorId":83474,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andrews","given":"G.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350037,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70003836,"text":"70003836 - 2011 - Growth anomalies on the coral genera Acropora and Porites are strongly associated with host density and human population size across the Indo-Pacific","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-23T14:54:10","indexId":"70003836","displayToPublicDate":"2011-07-27T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2980,"text":"PLoS ONE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Growth anomalies on the coral genera Acropora and Porites are strongly associated with host density and human population size across the Indo-Pacific","docAbstract":"<p>Growth anomalies (GAs) are common, tumor-like diseases that can cause significant morbidity and decreased fecundity in the major Indo-Pacific reef-building coral genera, Acropora and Porites. GAs are unusually tractable for testing hypotheses about drivers of coral disease because of their pan-Pacific distributions, relatively high occurrence, and unambiguous ease of identification. We modeled multiple disease-environment associations that may underlie the prevalence of Acropora growth anomalies (AGA) (n = 304 surveys) and Porites growth anomalies (PGA) (n = 602 surveys) from across the Indo-Pacific. Nine predictor variables were modeled, including coral host abundance, human population size, and sea surface temperature and ultra-violet radiation anomalies. Prevalence of both AGAs and PGAs were strongly host density-dependent. PGAs additionally showed strong positive associations with human population size. Although this association has been widely posited, this is one of the first broad-scale studies unambiguously linking a coral disease with human population size. These results emphasize that individual coral diseases can show relatively distinct patterns of association with environmental predictors, even in similar diseases (growth anomalies) found on different host genera (Acropora vs. Porites). As human densities and environmental degradation increase globally, the prevalence of coral diseases like PGAs could increase accordingly, halted only perhaps by declines in host density below thresholds required for disease establishment.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"PLOS","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0016887","usgsCitation":"Aeby, G.S., Williams, G.J., Franklin, E.C., Haapkyla, J., Harvell, C.D., Neale, S., Page, C.A., Raymundo, L., Vargas-Angel, B., Willis, B.L., Work, T.M., and Davy, S.K., 2011, Growth anomalies on the coral genera Acropora and Porites are strongly associated with host density and human population size across the Indo-Pacific: PLoS ONE, v. 6, no. 2, e16887; 9 p., https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0016887.","productDescription":"e16887; 9 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474956,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0016887","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":203945,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"6","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-02-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a91e4b07f02db65697f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Aeby, Greta S.","contributorId":64783,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Aeby","given":"Greta","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":13394,"text":"Hawai‘i Institute of Marine Biology","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":349107,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Williams, Gareth J.","contributorId":47898,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"Gareth","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349105,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Franklin, Erik C.","contributorId":94780,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Franklin","given":"Erik","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349112,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Haapkyla, Jessica","contributorId":107413,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haapkyla","given":"Jessica","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349113,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Harvell, C. Drew","contributorId":93614,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harvell","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"Drew","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349111,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Neale, Stephen","contributorId":17747,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neale","given":"Stephen","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349103,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Page, Cathie A.","contributorId":76062,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Page","given":"Cathie","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349108,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Raymundo, Laurie","contributorId":78456,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Raymundo","given":"Laurie","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349109,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Vargas-Angel, Bernardo","contributorId":31100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vargas-Angel","given":"Bernardo","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349104,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Willis, Bette L.","contributorId":86467,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Willis","given":"Bette","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349110,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Work, Thierry M. 0000-0002-4426-9090 thierry_work@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4426-9090","contributorId":1187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Work","given":"Thierry","email":"thierry_work@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":349102,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Davy, Simon K.","contributorId":53511,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davy","given":"Simon","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349106,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}}
,{"id":70004966,"text":"sir20115083 - 2011 - Carbon dioxide fluid-flow modeling and injectivity calculations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:56","indexId":"sir20115083","displayToPublicDate":"2011-07-27T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-5083","title":"Carbon dioxide fluid-flow modeling and injectivity calculations","docAbstract":"At present, the literature lacks a geologic-based assessment methodology for numerically estimating injectivity, lateral migration, and subsequent long-term containment of supercritical carbon dioxide that has undergone geologic sequestration into subsurface formations. This study provides a method for and quantification of first-order approximations for the time scale of supercritical carbon dioxide lateral migration over a one-kilometer distance through a representative volume of rock. These calculations provide a quantified foundation for estimating injectivity and geologic storage of carbon dioxide.\nA geologic-based approach was developed in which subsurface pressure and temperature conditions were held constant while the petrophysical properties of fractional porosity and matrix permeability were varied simultaneously. The Span and Wagner equations of state were used to determine thermophysical properties of carbon dioxide at appropriate reservoir conditions. The fluid-flow calculations assume mass transport through a laterally continuous, homogeneous isotropic formation and were based on two constitutive equations from fluid dynamics: hydraulic diffusivity for near-surface applications, and a modified version of Darcy's Law for deeper formations exhibiting higher pressure gradients.\nThe first-order approximations of the lateral migration time scales, for both hydraulic diffusivity and Darcy flow, can be expressed as a quasi-linear function over a range of porosity and permeability values. This method is applicable to a substantial range of sedimentary formations exhibiting porosities up to 95 percent and permeabilities from 10.0 darcy to 1.0 picodarcy.\nThese results were used to classify subsurface formations into three permeability classifications for the probabilistic calculations of storage efficiency and containment risk of the U.S. Geological Survey geologic carbon sequestration assessment methodology. This methodology is currently in use to determine the total carbon dioxide containment capacity of the onshore and State waters areas of the United States.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20115083","usgsCitation":"Burke, L., 2011, Carbon dioxide fluid-flow modeling and injectivity calculations: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5083, v, 16 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20115083.","productDescription":"v, 16 p.","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116165,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2011_5083.gif"},{"id":24452,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5083/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e5e4b07f02db5e6a2d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Burke, Lauri 0000-0002-2035-8048","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2035-8048","contributorId":44891,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burke","given":"Lauri","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351741,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70004968,"text":"ofr20111179 - 2011 - Summary of juvenile salmonid passage and survival at McNary Dam-Acoustic survival studies, 2006-09","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:12:00","indexId":"ofr20111179","displayToPublicDate":"2011-07-27T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-1179","title":"Summary of juvenile salmonid passage and survival at McNary Dam-Acoustic survival studies, 2006-09","docAbstract":"Passage and survival data were collected at McNary Dam between 2006 and 2009. These data have provided critical information for resource managers to implement structural and operational changes designed to improve the survival of juvenile salmonids as they migrate past the dam. Given the importance of these annual studies, the primary objectives of this report were to summarize the findings of these annual studies to ensure that passage and survival metrics are consistently calculated and reported across all years and to consolidate this information in a single document, thereby making it easier to reference. It is worth noting that this report does not contain all the information from all the annual reports. The intent of this report was to summarize the key findings from multiple years of research. The reader is encouraged to reference the annual reports if more detailed information is needed. Chapter 1 summarizes existing behavior, passage, and survival results for fish released 10 rkm upstream of McNary Dam and from the McNary Dam tailrace during 2006-09. Chapter 2 summarizes existing behavior, passage, and survival results for fish released in the mid-Columbia River and detected at McNary Dam during 2006-09.\n\nResults from 2006 indicated that higher spill discharge generally resulted in higher fish passage through spill, and in turn, higher fish survival through the entire dam. Within the spillway, passage effectiveness was highest for the south spill bays, adjacent to the powerhouse. Increased passage in this area, combined with detailed 3-dimensional approach paths, aided in the design and location of the temporary spillway weirs (TSWs) at McNary Dam prior to the 2007 migration of juvenile salmonids.\n\nDuring the 2007 study, the TSWs were tested under two spill treatments during the spring and summer: a \"2006 Modified spill,\" and a \"2007 test spill.\" In the spring, slightly higher discharge through spill bays 14-17 was the primary difference between the spill treatments tested. During the summer, spill treatments were characterized by a high (60 percent) and low (40 percent) percent flow of the total discharge going through the spillway. Flow through the TSWs represented about 7-8 percent of total project discharge in spring and about 10-11 percent of total project discharge in summer. Overall, the TSWs passed 24 percent of yearling Chinook salmon and 27 percent of subyearling Chinook salmon, but passed about 65 percent of juvenile steelhead. In spring, there was little evidence for an effect of spill treatment on either fish passage or survival, however, this was not surprising given there was a relatively small difference between spill treatments. For subyearling Chinook salmon during the summer study, high spill discharge resulted in higher fish passage through the spillway and lower fish passage through the powerhouse. Season wide survival (paired-release) for yearling and subyearling Chinook salmon was 0.98 and 0.92 (SE<0.04) through TSW 20, and 0.96 and 0.97 (SE<0.04) through TSW 22, respectively. Season-wide survival (single-release) for juvenile steelhead was 0.98 (SE=0.024) through TSW 20, and 0.90 (SE=0.02) through TSW 22. The extent to which location and structural design contributed to the differences observed between the two TSWs was uncertain. Nonetheless, the TSWs performed similarly to surface-oriented fish passage structures at other locations and appear to be a useful fish passage alternative at McNary Dam. The 2008 and 2009 studies confirmed previous results showing high survival for fish passing through the TSWs, especially juvenile steelhead. Although the number of all fish species passing through the TSWs was lower in 2008 and 2009 compared to 2007, fish passage efficiency for juvenile steelhead and subyearling Chinook salmon was higher in years with the TSWs, compared to 2006, before the TSWs were in place.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20111179","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","usgsCitation":"Adams, N.S., and Evans, S.D., 2011, Summary of juvenile salmonid passage and survival at McNary Dam-Acoustic survival studies, 2006-09: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1179, iv, 114 p.; Appendices:  A, B, C, D, E, F, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111179.","productDescription":"iv, 114 p.; Appendices:  A, B, C, D, E, F","numberOfPages":"144","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116166,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2011_1179.jpg"},{"id":24454,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1179/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington;Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Columbia River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -120,45 ], [ -120,46.5 ], [ -119,46.5 ], [ -119,45 ], [ -120,45 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b02e4b07f02db698c23","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Adams, Noah S. 0000-0002-8354-0293 nadams@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8354-0293","contributorId":3521,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adams","given":"Noah","email":"nadams@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":351743,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Evans, Scott D. 0000-0003-0452-7726 sdevans@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0452-7726","contributorId":4408,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evans","given":"Scott","email":"sdevans@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":351744,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70004033,"text":"70004033 - 2011 - An adaptive-management framework for optimal control of hiking near golden eagle nests in Denali National Park","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-07T20:19:32.924057","indexId":"70004033","displayToPublicDate":"2011-07-27T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1321,"text":"Conservation Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An adaptive-management framework for optimal control of hiking near golden eagle nests in Denali National Park","docAbstract":"Unintended effects of recreational activities in protected areas are of growing concern. We used an adaptive-management framework to develop guidelines for optimally managing hiking activities to maintain desired levels of territory occupancy and reproductive success of Golden Eagles (Aquila chrysaetos) in Denali National Park (Alaska, U.S.A.). The management decision was to restrict human access (hikers) to particular nesting territories to reduce disturbance. The management objective was to minimize restrictions on hikers while maintaining reproductive performance of eagles above some specified level. We based our decision analysis on predictive models of site occupancy of eagles developed using a combination of expert opinion and data collected from 93 eagle territories over 20 years. The best predictive model showed that restricting human access to eagle territories had little effect on occupancy dynamics. However, when considering important sources of uncertainty in the models, including environmental stochasticity, imperfect detection of hares on which eagles prey, and model uncertainty, restricting access of territories to hikers improved eagle reproduction substantially. An adaptive management framework such as ours may help reduce uncertainty of the effects of hiking activities on Golden Eagles","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","publisherLocation":"Hoboken, NJ","doi":"10.1111/j.1523-1739.2010.01644.x","usgsCitation":"Martin, J., Fackler, P.L., Nichols, J., Runge, M.C., McIntyre, C.L., Lubow, B.L., McCluskie, M.C., and Schmutz, J.A., 2011, An adaptive-management framework for optimal control of hiking near golden eagle nests in Denali National Park: Conservation Biology, v. 25, no. 2, p. 316-323, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-1739.2010.01644.x.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"316","endPage":"323","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474958,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-1739.2010.01644.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":204063,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Denali National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -154.09423828124997,\n              62.201388691814294\n            ],\n            [\n              -148.502197265625,\n              62.201388691814294\n            ],\n            [\n              -148.502197265625,\n              64.028933234179\n            ],\n            [\n              -154.09423828124997,\n              64.028933234179\n            ],\n            [\n              -154.09423828124997,\n              62.201388691814294\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"25","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-02-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adbe4b07f02db685c72","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Martin, Julien 0000-0002-7375-129X julienmartin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7375-129X","contributorId":5785,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"Julien","email":"julienmartin@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":350236,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fackler, Paul L.","contributorId":17487,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fackler","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350237,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nichols, James D. 0000-0002-7631-2890 jnichols@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7631-2890","contributorId":405,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"James D.","email":"jnichols@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":350233,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Runge, Michael C. 0000-0002-8081-536X mrunge@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8081-536X","contributorId":3358,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Runge","given":"Michael","email":"mrunge@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":350235,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"McIntyre, Carol L.","contributorId":94642,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McIntyre","given":"Carol","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350240,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lubow, Bruce L.","contributorId":54474,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lubow","given":"Bruce","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350238,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"McCluskie, Maggie C.","contributorId":57730,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCluskie","given":"Maggie","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350239,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Schmutz, Joel A. 0000-0002-6516-0836 jschmutz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6516-0836","contributorId":1805,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmutz","given":"Joel","email":"jschmutz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":350234,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70004961,"text":"sir20115066 - 2011 - Precipitation and runoff simulations of select perennial and ephemeral watersheds in the middle Carson River basin, Eagle, Dayton, and Churchill Valleys, west-central Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-16T20:06:14.507389","indexId":"sir20115066","displayToPublicDate":"2011-07-26T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-5066","title":"Precipitation and runoff simulations of select perennial and ephemeral watersheds in the middle Carson River basin, Eagle, Dayton, and Churchill Valleys, west-central Nevada","docAbstract":"The effect that land use may have on streamflow in the Carson River, and ultimately its impact on downstream users can be evaluated by simulating precipitation-runoff processes and estimating groundwater inflow in the middle Carson River in west-central Nevada. To address these concerns, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Bureau of Reclamation, began a study in 2008 to evaluate groundwater flow in the Carson River basin extending from Eagle Valley to Churchill Valley, called the middle Carson River basin in this report. This report documents the development and calibration of 12 watershed models and presents model results and the estimated mean annual water budgets for the modeled watersheds. This part of the larger middle Carson River study will provide estimates of runoff tributary to the Carson River and the potential for groundwater inflow (defined here as that component of recharge derived from percolation of excess water from the soil zone to the groundwater reservoir). \n\nThe model used for the study was the U.S. Geological Survey's Precipitation-Runoff Modeling System, a physically based, distributed-parameter model designed to simulate precipitation and snowmelt runoff as well as snowpack accumulation and snowmelt processes. Models were developed for 2 perennial watersheds in Eagle Valley having gaged daily mean runoff, Ash Canyon Creek and Clear Creek, and for 10 ephemeral watersheds in the Dayton Valley and Churchill Valley hydrologic areas. Model calibration was constrained by daily mean runoff for the 2 perennial watersheds and for the 10 ephemeral watersheds by limited indirect runoff estimates and by mean annual runoff estimates derived from empirical methods. The models were further constrained by limited climate data adjusted for altitude differences using annual precipitation volumes estimated in a previous study. The calibration periods were water years 1980-2007 for Ash Canyon Creek, and water years 1991-2007 for Clear Creek. To allow for water budget comparisons to the ephemeral models, the two perennial models were then run from 1980 to 2007, the time period constrained somewhat by the later record for the high-altitude climate station used in the simulation. The daily mean values of precipitation, runoff, evapotranspiration, and groundwater inflow simulated from the watershed models were summed to provide mean annual rates and volumes derived from each year of the simulation. \n\nMean annual bias for the calibration period for Ash Canyon Creek and Clear Creek watersheds was within 6 and 3 percent, and relative errors were about 18 and -2 percent, respectively. For the 1980-2007 period of record, mean recharge efficiency and runoff efficiency (percentage of precipitation as groundwater inflow and runoff) averaged 7 and 39 percent, respectively, for Ash Canyon Creek, and 8 and 31 percent, respectively, for Clear Creek. For this same period, groundwater inflow volumes averaged about 500 acre-feet for Ash Canyon and 1,200 acre-feet for Clear Creek. The simulation period for the ephemeral watersheds ranged from water years 1978 to 2007. Mean annual simulated precipitation ranged from 6 to 11 inches. Estimates of recharge efficiency for the ephemeral watersheds ranged from 3 percent for Eureka Canyon to 7 percent for Eldorado Canyon. Runoff efficiency ranged from 7 percent for Eureka Canyon and 15 percent at Brunswick Canyon. For the 1978-2007 period, mean annual groundwater inflow volumes ranged from about 40 acre-feet for Eureka Canyon to just under 5,000 acre-feet for Churchill Canyon watershed. Watershed model results indicate significant interannual variability in the volumes of groundwater inflow caused by climate variations. For most of the modeled watersheds, little to no groundwater inflow was simulated for years with less than 8 inches of precipitation, unless those years were preceded by abnormally high precipitation years with significant subsurface storage carryover.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20115066","usgsCitation":"Jeton, A.E., and Maurer, D.K., 2011, Precipitation and runoff simulations of select perennial and ephemeral watersheds in the middle Carson River basin, Eagle, Dayton, and Churchill Valleys, west-central Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5066, vii, 44 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20115066.","productDescription":"vii, 44 p.","costCenters":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116192,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2011_5066.jpg"},{"id":406881,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_95335.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":24444,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5066/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"datum":"North American Vertical Datum of 1988, North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","state":"Nevada","otherGeospatial":"middle Carson River basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -119.7469,\n              39.0142\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.2,\n              39.0142\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.2,\n              39.4714\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.7469,\n              39.4714\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.7469,\n              39.0142\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b12e4b07f02db6a25f3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jeton, Anne E.","contributorId":45351,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jeton","given":"Anne","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351734,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Maurer, Douglas K. dkmaurer@usgs.gov","contributorId":2308,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maurer","given":"Douglas","email":"dkmaurer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":351733,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70004957,"text":"tm6A38 - 2011 - MODPATH-LGR; documentation of a computer program for particle tracking in shared-node locally refined grids by using MODFLOW-LGR","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-02T15:21:24","indexId":"tm6A38","displayToPublicDate":"2011-07-26T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":335,"text":"Techniques and Methods","code":"TM","onlineIssn":"2328-7055","printIssn":"2328-7047","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"6-A38","title":"MODPATH-LGR; documentation of a computer program for particle tracking in shared-node locally refined grids by using MODFLOW-LGR","docAbstract":"The computer program described in this report, MODPATH-LGR, is designed to allow simulation of particle tracking in locally refined grids. The locally refined grids are simulated by using MODFLOW-LGR, which is based on MODFLOW-2005, the three-dimensional groundwater-flow model published by the U.S. Geological Survey. The documentation includes brief descriptions of the methods used and detailed descriptions of the required input files and how the output files are typically used. \r\n\r\n  The code for this model is available for downloading from the World Wide Web from a U.S. Geological Survey software repository. The repository is accessible from the U.S. Geological Survey Water Resources Information Web page at http://water.usgs.gov/software/ground_water.html. \r\n\r\n  The performance of the MODPATH-LGR program has been tested in a variety of applications. Future applications, however, might reveal errors that were not detected in the test simulations. Users are requested to notify the U.S. Geological Survey of any errors found in this document or the computer program by using the email address available on the Web site. Updates might occasionally be made to this document and to the MODPATH-LGR program, and users should check the Web site periodically.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/tm6A38","usgsCitation":"Dickinson, J.E., Hanson, R.T., Mehl, S.W., and Hill, M.C., 2011, MODPATH-LGR; documentation of a computer program for particle tracking in shared-node locally refined grids by using MODFLOW-LGR: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques and Methods 6-A38, vii, 13 p.; Appendices, https://doi.org/10.3133/tm6A38.","productDescription":"vii, 13 p.; Appendices","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116175,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/tm_6_A38.gif"},{"id":24441,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/tm6a38/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afde4b07f02db696cf1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dickinson, Jesse E. 0000-0002-0048-0839 jdickins@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0048-0839","contributorId":152545,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dickinson","given":"Jesse","email":"jdickins@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":351726,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hanson, R. T.","contributorId":91148,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanson","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351729,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mehl, Steffen W. swmehl@usgs.gov","contributorId":975,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mehl","given":"Steffen","email":"swmehl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":351728,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hill, Mary C. mchill@usgs.gov","contributorId":974,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hill","given":"Mary","email":"mchill@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":351727,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70004960,"text":"sir20115090 - 2011 - Hypolimnetic dissolved-oxygen dynamics within selected White River reservoirs, northern Arkansas-southern Missouri, 1974-2008","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:59","indexId":"sir20115090","displayToPublicDate":"2011-07-26T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-5090","title":"Hypolimnetic dissolved-oxygen dynamics within selected White River reservoirs, northern Arkansas-southern Missouri, 1974-2008","docAbstract":"Dissolved oxygen is a critical constituent in reservoirs and lakes because it is essential for metabolism by all aerobic aquatic organisms. In general, hypolimnetic temperature and dissolved-oxygen concentrations vary from summer to summer in reservoirs, more so than in natural lakes, largely in response to the magnitude of flow into and release out of the water body. Because eutrophication is often defined as the acceleration of biological productivity resulting from increased nutrient and organic loading, hypolimnetic oxygen consumption rates or deficits often provide a useful tool in analyzing temporal changes in water quality.\r\n\r\nThis report updates a previous report that evaluated hypolimnetic dissolved-oxygen dynamics for a 21-year record (1974-94) in Beaver, Table Rock, Bull Shoals, and Norfork Lakes, as well as analyzed the record for Greers Ferry Lake. Beginning in 1974, vertical profiles of temperature and dissolved-oxygen concentrations generally were collected monthly from March through December at sites near the dam of each reservoir. The rate of change in the amount of dissolved oxygen present below a given depth at the beginning and end of the thermal stratification period is referred to as the areal hypolimnetic oxygen deficit. Areal hypolimnetic oxygen deficit was normalized for each reservoir based on seasonal flushing rate between April 15 and October 31 to adjust for wet year and dry year variability.\r\n\r\nAnnual cycles in thermal stratification within Beaver, Table Rock, Bull Shoals, Norfork, and Greers Ferry Lakes exhibited typical monomictic (one extended turnover period per year) characteristics. Flow dynamics drive reservoir processes and need to be considered when analyzing areal hypolimnetic oxygen deficit rates. A nonparametric, locally weighted scatter plot smooth line describes the relation between areal hypolimnetic oxygen deficit and seasonal flushing rates, without assuming linearity or normality of the residuals. \r\n\r\nThe results in this report are consistent with earlier findings that oxygen deficit rates and flushing-rate adjusted areal hypolimnetic oxygen deficit in Beaver and Table Rock Lakes were decreasing between 1974 and 1994. The additional data (1995-2008) demonstrate that the decline in flushing-rate adjusted areal hypolimnetic oxygen deficit in Beaver Lake has continued, whereas that in Table Rock Lake has flattened out in recent years. The additional data demonstrate the flushing-rate adjusted areal hypolimnetic oxygen deficit in Bull Shoals and Norfork Lakes have declined since 1995 (improved water quality), which was not indicated in earlier studies, while Greers Ferry Lake showed little net change over the period of record. Given the amount of data (35 years) for these reservoirs, developing an equation or model to predict areal hypolimnetic oxygen deficit and, therefore, areal hypolimnetic oxygen content, on any given day during future stratification seasons may be useful for reservoir managers.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20115090","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Southwest Power Administration, and the Arkansas Game and Fish Commission","usgsCitation":"De Lanois, J.L., and Green, W.R., 2011, Hypolimnetic dissolved-oxygen dynamics within selected White River reservoirs, northern Arkansas-southern Missouri, 1974-2008: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5090, iv, 15 p.; Appendices: Beaver Lake, Table Rock Lake, Bull Shoals Lake, Norfolk Lake, Greers Ferry Lak-, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20115090.","productDescription":"iv, 15 p.; Appendices: Beaver Lake, Table Rock Lake, Bull Shoals Lake, Norfolk Lake, Greers Ferry Lak-","startPage":"1","endPage":"15","numberOfPages":"15","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":129,"text":"Arkansas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116157,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2011_5090.gif"},{"id":24443,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5090/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"24000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator","datum":"North American Vertical Datum of 1988, North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","state":"Missouri;Arkansas","otherGeospatial":"White River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -94,35 ], [ -94,37.5 ], [ -91,37.5 ], [ -91,35 ], [ -94,35 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ce4b07f02db5fc67d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"De Lanois, Jeanne L. jdelanoi@usgs.gov","contributorId":4672,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"De Lanois","given":"Jeanne","email":"jdelanoi@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":351731,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Green, W. Reed","contributorId":87886,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Green","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"Reed","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351732,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70004956,"text":"ofr20111143 - 2011 - Development of a high-resolution binational vegetation map of the Santa Cruz River riparian corridor and surrounding watershed, southern Arizona and northern Sonora, Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:59","indexId":"ofr20111143","displayToPublicDate":"2011-07-26T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-1143","title":"Development of a high-resolution binational vegetation map of the Santa Cruz River riparian corridor and surrounding watershed, southern Arizona and northern Sonora, Mexico","docAbstract":"This report summarizes the development of a binational vegetation map developed for the Santa Cruz Watershed, which straddles the southern border of Arizona and the northern border of Sonora, Mexico. The map was created as an environmental input to the Santa Cruz Watershed Ecosystem Portfolio Model (SCWEPM) that is being created by the U.S. Geological Survey for the watershed. The SCWEPM is a map-based multicriteria evaluation tool that allows stakeholders to explore tradeoffs between valued ecosystem services at multiple scales within a participatory decision-making process. Maps related to vegetation type and are needed for use in modeling wildlife habitat and other ecosystem services. Although detailed vegetation maps existed for the U.S. side of the border, there was a lack of consistent data for the Santa Cruz Watershed in Mexico. We produced a binational vegetation classification of the Santa Cruz River riparian habitat and watershed vegetation based on NatureServe Terrestrial Ecological Systems (TES) units using Classification And Regression Tree (CART) modeling. Environmental layers used as predictor data were derived from a seasonal set of Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) images (spring, summer, and fall) and from a 30-meter digital-elevation-model (DEM) grid. Because both sources of environmental data are seamless across the international border, they are particularly suited to this binational modeling effort. Training data were compiled from existing field data for the riparian corridor and data collected by the NM-GAP (New Mexico Gap Analysis Project) team for the original Southwest Regional Gap Analysis Project (SWReGAP) modeling effort. Additional training data were collected from core areas of the SWReGAP classification itself, allowing the extrapolation of the SWReGAP mapping into the Mexican portion of the watershed without collecting additional training data.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20111143","usgsCitation":"Wallace, C., Villarreal, M., and Norman, L.M., 2011, Development of a high-resolution binational vegetation map of the Santa Cruz River riparian corridor and surrounding watershed, southern Arizona and northern Sonora, Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1143, iv, 22 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111143.","productDescription":"iv, 22 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116184,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2011_1143.gif"},{"id":24440,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1143/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States;Mexico","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Santa Cruz Watershed","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -111.75,30.75 ], [ -111.75,32.75 ], [ -110,32.75 ], [ -110,30.75 ], [ -111.75,30.75 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9ee4b07f02db6605e3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wallace, Cynthia S.A.","contributorId":70487,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wallace","given":"Cynthia S.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351724,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Villarreal, Miguel L.","contributorId":107012,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Villarreal","given":"Miguel L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351725,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Norman, Laura M. 0000-0002-3696-8406 lnorman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3696-8406","contributorId":967,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Norman","given":"Laura","email":"lnorman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":351723,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70004605,"text":"70004605 - 2011 - Geology and geochemistry of volcanic centers within the eastern half of the Sonoma volcanic field, northern San Francisco Bay region, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-25T21:56:02.954513","indexId":"70004605","displayToPublicDate":"2011-07-25T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1820,"text":"Geosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geology and geochemistry of volcanic centers within the eastern half of the Sonoma volcanic field, northern San Francisco Bay region, California","docAbstract":"<div class=\"article-section-wrapper js-article-section js-content-section  \"><p>Volcanic rocks in the Sonoma volcanic field in the northern California Coast Ranges contain heterogeneous assemblages of a variety of compositionally diverse volcanic rocks. We have used field mapping, new and existing age determinations, and 343 new major and trace element analyses of whole-rock samples from lavas and tuff to define for the first time volcanic source areas for many parts of the Sonoma volcanic field. Geophysical data and models have helped to define the thickness of the volcanic pile and the location of caldera structures. Volcanic rocks of the Sonoma volcanic field show a broad range in eruptive style that is spatially variable and specific to an individual eruptive center. Major, minor, and trace-element geochemical data for intracaldera and outflow tuffs and their distal fall equivalents suggest caldera-related sources for the Pinole and Lawlor Tuffs in southern Napa Valley and for the tuff of Franz Valley in northern Napa Valley. Stratigraphic correlations based on similarity in eruptive sequence and style coupled with geochemical data allow an estimate of 30 km of right-lateral offset across the West Napa-Carneros fault zones since ∼5 Ma.</p><p>The volcanic fields in the California Coast Ranges north of San Francisco Bay are temporally and spatially associated with the northward migration of the Mendocino triple junction and the transition from subduction and associated arc volcanism to a slab window tectonic environment. Our geochemical analyses from the Sonoma volcanic field highlight the geochemical diversity of these volcanic rocks, allowing us to clearly distinguish these volcanic rocks from those of the roughly coeval ancestral Cascades magmatic arc to the west, and also to compare rocks of the Sonoma volcanic field to rocks from other slab window settings.</p></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","publisherLocation":"Boulder, CO","doi":"10.1130/GES00625.1","usgsCitation":"Sweetkind, D., Rytuba, J.J., Langenheim, V., and Fleck, R.J., 2011, Geology and geochemistry of volcanic centers within the eastern half of the Sonoma volcanic field, northern San Francisco Bay region, California: Geosphere, v. 7, no. 3, p. 629-657, https://doi.org/10.1130/GES00625.1.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"629","endPage":"657","numberOfPages":"29","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474959,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1130/ges00625.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":204092,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Sonoma Volcanic Field","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -122.92053222656249,\n              38.11727165830543\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.10205078125,\n              38.11727165830543\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.10205078125,\n              38.74551518488265\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.92053222656249,\n              38.74551518488265\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.92053222656249,\n              38.11727165830543\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"7","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adbe4b07f02db6860ea","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sweetkind, Donald S.","contributorId":18732,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sweetkind","given":"Donald S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350837,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rytuba, James J. jrytuba@usgs.gov","contributorId":3043,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rytuba","given":"James","email":"jrytuba@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":350836,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Langenheim, Victoria E. 0000-0003-2170-5213 zulanger@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2170-5213","contributorId":1526,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langenheim","given":"Victoria E.","email":"zulanger@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":350835,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fleck, Robert J. 0000-0002-3149-8249 fleck@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3149-8249","contributorId":1048,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fleck","given":"Robert","email":"fleck@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":350834,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70004944,"text":"sir20115095 - 2011 - Development of a precipitation-runoff model to simulate unregulated streamflow in the South Fork Flathead River Basin, Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:41","indexId":"sir20115095","displayToPublicDate":"2011-07-25T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-5095","title":"Development of a precipitation-runoff model to simulate unregulated streamflow in the South Fork Flathead River Basin, Montana","docAbstract":"This report documents the development of a precipitation-runoff model for the South Fork Flathead River Basin, Mont. The Precipitation-Runoff Modeling System model, developed in cooperation with the Bureau of Reclamation, can be used to simulate daily mean unregulated streamflow upstream and downstream from Hungry Horse Reservoir for water-resources planning. Two input files are required to run the model. The time-series data file contains daily precipitation data and daily minimum and maximum air-temperature data from climate stations in and near the South Fork Flathead River Basin. The parameter file contains values of parameters that describe the basin topography, the flow network, the distribution of the precipitation and temperature data, and the hydrologic characteristics of the basin soils and vegetation.\r\n\r\nA primary-parameter file was created for simulating streamflow during the study period (water years 1967-2005). The model was calibrated for water years 1991-2005 using the primary-parameter file. This calibration was further refined using snow-covered area data for water years 2001-05. The model then was tested for water years 1967-90. Calibration targets included mean monthly and daily mean unregulated streamflow upstream from Hungry Horse Reservoir, mean monthly unregulated streamflow downstream from Hungry Horse Reservoir, basin mean monthly solar radiation and potential evapotranspiration, and daily snapshots of basin snow-covered area. \r\n\r\nSimulated streamflow generally was in better agreement with observed streamflow at the upstream gage than at the downstream gage. Upstream from the reservoir, simulated mean annual streamflow was within 0.0 percent of observed mean annual streamflow for the calibration period and was about 2 percent higher than observed mean annual streamflow for the test period. Simulated mean April-July streamflow upstream from the reservoir was about 1 percent lower than observed streamflow for the calibration period and about 4 percent higher than observed for the test period. Downstream from the reservoir, simulated mean annual streamflow was 17 percent lower than observed streamflow for the calibration period and 12 percent lower than observed streamflow for the test period. Simulated mean April-July streamflow downstream from the reservoir was 13 percent lower than observed streamflow for the calibration period and 6 percent lower than observed streamflow for the test period. \r\n\r\nCalibrating to solar radiation, potential evapotranspiration, and snow-covered area improved the model representation of evapotranspiration, snow accumulation, and snowmelt processes. Simulated basin mean monthly solar radiation values for both the calibration and test periods were within 9 percent of observed values except during the month of December (28 percent different). Simulated basin potential evapotranspiration values for both the calibration and test periods were within 10 percent of observed values except during the months of January (100 percent different) and February (13 percent different). The larger percent errors in simulated potential evaporation occurred in the winter months when observed potential evapotranspiration values were very small; in January the observed value was 0.000 inches and in February the observed value was 0.009 inches. Simulated start of melting of the snowpack occurred at about the same time as observed start of melting. The simulated snowpack accumulated to 90-100 percent snow-covered area 1 to 3 months earlier than observed snowpack. This overestimated snowpack during the winter corresponded to underestimated streamflow during the same period. \r\n\r\nIn addition to the primary-parameter file, four other parameter files were created: for a \"recent\" period (1991-2005), a historical period (1967-90), a \"wet\" period (1989-97), and a \"dry\" period (1998-2005). For each data file of projected precipitation and air temperature, a single parameter file can be used to simulate a s","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20115095","usgsCitation":"Chase, K., 2011, Development of a precipitation-runoff model to simulate unregulated streamflow in the South Fork Flathead River Basin, Montana: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5095, viii, 38 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20115095.","productDescription":"viii, 38 p.","costCenters":[{"id":400,"text":"Montana Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116156,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2011_5095.gif"},{"id":24435,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5095/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"100000","country":"United States","state":"Montana;Idaho","otherGeospatial":"South Fork Flathead River Basin;Hungry Horse Reservoir;Clark Fort Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -116,45 ], [ -116,49 ], [ -111,49 ], [ -111,45 ], [ -116,45 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9be4b07f02db65e459","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chase, K.J.","contributorId":43093,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chase","given":"K.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351698,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70159030,"text":"70159030 - 2011 - Pockmarks: Self-scouring seep features?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-10-27T15:58:46.444847","indexId":"70159030","displayToPublicDate":"2011-07-21T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Pockmarks: Self-scouring seep features?","docAbstract":"<p><span>Pockmarks, or seafloor craters, occur worldwide in a variety of geologic settings and are often associated with fluid discharge. The mechanisms responsible for pockmark preservation, and pockmarks? relation to active methane venting are not well constrained. Simple numerical simulations run in 2-and 3-dimensions, and corroborated by flume tank experiments, indicate turbulence may play a role in pockmark maintenance, and, potentially, in pockmark excavation. Morphological analysis of the pockmarks indicates an abundance of flat-bottomed and/or elongated pockmarks. Pockmarks transition into furrows as the bay narrows and tidal flow is enhanced, providing unmistakable evidence of post-formation evolution. We hypothesize that some pockmarks formed from seafloor perturbations (e.g., gas or methane discharge), are1 maintained and gradually modified by vortical flow. This hypothesis provides a mechanism for pockmark preservation and enlargement without active fluid venting, which has implications for the interpretation of seafloor seep features in gas hydrates areas.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Gas Hydrates","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"7th International Conference on Gas Hydrates","conferenceDate":"July 17-21 2011","conferenceLocation":"Edinburgh, Scotland","language":"English","publisher":"ICGH","usgsCitation":"Brothers, L., Kelley, J.T., Belknap, D.F., Barnhardt, W., and Koons, P.O., 2011, Pockmarks: Self-scouring seep features?, <i>in</i> Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Gas Hydrates, Edinburgh, Scotland, July 17-21 2011, 10 p.","productDescription":"10 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-029671","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":309861,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"561e2b38e4b0cdb063e59ce5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brothers, Laura L. lbrothers@usgs.gov","contributorId":4502,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brothers","given":"Laura L.","email":"lbrothers@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":577316,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kelley, Joseph T.","contributorId":6703,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kelley","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":577317,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Belknap, Daniel F.","contributorId":20588,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belknap","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":577318,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Barnhardt, Walter A. wbarnhardt@usgs.gov","contributorId":2474,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barnhardt","given":"Walter A.","email":"wbarnhardt@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":577319,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Koons, Peter O.","contributorId":149208,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Koons","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":577320,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70156287,"text":"70156287 - 2011 - A petroleum system model for gas hydrate deposits in northern Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-09T17:51:21.034677","indexId":"70156287","displayToPublicDate":"2011-07-21T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"A petroleum system model for gas hydrate deposits in northern Alaska","docAbstract":"<p><span>Gas hydrate deposits are common on the North Slope of Alaska around Prudhoe Bay, however the extent of these deposits is unknown outside of this area. As part of a United States Geological Survey (USGS) and the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) gas hydrate research collaboration, well cutting and mud gas samples have been collected and analyzed from mainly industry-drilled wells on the Alaska North Slope for the purpose of prospecting for gas hydrate deposits. On the Alaska North Slope, gas hydrates are now recognized as an element within a petroleum systems approach or TPS (Total Petroleum System). Since 1979, 35 wells have been samples from as far west as Wainwright to Prudhoe Bay in the east. Geochemical studies of known gas hydrate occurrences on the North Slope have shown a link between gas hydrate and more deeply buried conventional oil and gas deposits. Hydrocarbon gases migrate from depth and charge the reservoir rock within the gas hydrate stability zone. It is likely gases migrated into conventional traps as free gas, and were later converted to gas hydrate in response to climate cooling concurrent with permafrost formation. Gas hydrate is known to occur in one of the sampled wells, likely present in 22 others based gas geochemistry and inferred by equivocal gas geochemistry in 11 wells, and absent in one well. Gas migration routes are common in the North Slope and include faults and widespread, continuous, shallowly dipping permeable sand sections that are potentially in communication with deeper oil and gas sources. The application of this model with the geochemical evidence suggests that gas hydrate deposits may be widespread across the North Slope of Alaska.</span></p>","conferenceTitle":"7th International Conference on Gas Hydrates (ICGH)","conferenceDate":"July 17-21, 2011","conferenceLocation":"Edinburgh, Scotland","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Lorenson, T., Collett, T.S., and Wong, F.L., 2011, A petroleum system model for gas hydrate deposits in northern Alaska, 7th International Conference on Gas Hydrates (ICGH), Edinburgh, Scotland, July 17-21, 2011.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":306897,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":306896,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.pet.hw.ac.uk/icgh7/authors3.html#L"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"North Slope","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  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Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":568518,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wong, Florence L. 0000-0002-3918-5896 fwong@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3918-5896","contributorId":1990,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wong","given":"Florence","email":"fwong@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":568519,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70156778,"text":"70156778 - 2011 - Evidence and biogeochemical implications for glacially-derived sediments in an active margin cold seep","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-10-22T14:45:49.284852","indexId":"70156778","displayToPublicDate":"2011-07-21T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Evidence and biogeochemical implications for glacially-derived sediments in an active margin cold seep","docAbstract":"<p><span>Delineating sediment organic matter origins and sediment accumulation rates at gas hydratebearing and hydrocarbon seeps is complicated by the microbial transfer of 13C-depleted and 14Cdepleted methane carbon into sedimentary pools. Sediment 13C and 14C measurements from four cores recovered at Bullseye vent on the northern Cascadia margin are used to identify methane carbon assimilation into different carbon pools. While the total organic carbon (TOC) is mostly unaltered and primarily terrigenous in origin, planktonic foraminifera and the bulk carbonate display evidence of methane overprinting. Mass balance models are applied to determine the extent to which methane overprinting increased the radiocarbon ages of the biogenic foraminifera. The corrected and calibrated foraminifera ages between sediment depths of 70 and 573 cm are from 14.9 to 15.9 ka BP, which coincides with the retreat of the late Quaternary Cordilleran Ice Sheet from Vancouver Island. Uniform TOC _13C values of -24.5 &plusmn; 0.5&permil; from the upper 8 meters of sediment at Bullseye vent suggest all cored material is Pleistocene-derived glacimarine material deposited as the ice edge retreated landward. Bullseye vent is located within an uplifted sediment block isolated from turbidite deposition and has been a site of non-deposition since the ice sheet retreated from the shelf. Biogeochemical implications of seep sediments being dominated by aged, organic-poor (&lt;0.4 wt% TOC) material are that methane is the primary energy source, and microbes directly and indirectly associated with the anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM) will dominate the seep microbial community.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Gas Hydrates (ICGH 2011)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"7th International Conference on Gas Hydrates (ICGH 2011)","conferenceDate":"July 17-21, 2011","conferenceLocation":"Edinburgh, Scotland","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Pohlman, J., Riedel, M., Novosel, I., Bauer, J., Canuel, E.A., Paull, C.K., Coffin, R., Grabowski, K.S., Knies, D.L., Hyndman, R.D., and Spence, G.D., 2011, Evidence and biogeochemical implications for glacially-derived sediments in an active margin cold seep, <i>in</i> Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Gas Hydrates (ICGH 2011), Edinburgh, Scotland, July 17-21, 2011.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"1847","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-029596","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":307656,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55e034b9e4b0f42e3d040e0f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pohlman, John W.","contributorId":7642,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pohlman","given":"John W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":570491,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Riedel, Michael","contributorId":7518,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Riedel","given":"Michael","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":570492,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Novosel, Ivana","contributorId":147128,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Novosel","given":"Ivana","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":570493,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bauer, James E.","contributorId":100262,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bauer","given":"James E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":570494,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Canuel, Elizabeth A.","contributorId":98604,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Canuel","given":"Elizabeth","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":570495,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Paull, Charles K. 0000-0001-5940-3443","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5940-3443","contributorId":55825,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Paull","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":7043,"text":"University of North Carolina","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":true,"id":570496,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Coffin, Richard B.","contributorId":36027,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coffin","given":"Richard B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":570497,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Grabowski, Kenneth S.","contributorId":79374,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grabowski","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":570498,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Knies, David L.","contributorId":147129,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Knies","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":570499,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Hyndman, Roy D.","contributorId":26031,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hyndman","given":"Roy","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":570500,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Spence, George D.","contributorId":54066,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spence","given":"George","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":570501,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}}
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