Columnar jointing is thought to occur primarily in lavas and welded pyroclastic flow deposits. However, the non-welded Cerro Galán Ignimbrite at Paycuqui, Argentina, contains well-developed columnar joints that are instead due to high-temperature vapor-phase alteration of the deposit, where devitrification and vapor-phase crystallization have increased the density and cohesion of the upper half of the section. Thermal remanent magnetization analyses of entrained lithic clasts indicate high emplacement temperatures, above 630°C, but the lack of welding textures indicates temperatures below the glass transition temperature. In order to remain below the glass transition at 630°C, the minimum cooling rate prior to deposition was 3.0 × 10−3–8.5 × 10−2°C/min (depending on the experimental data used for comparison). Alternatively, if the deposit was emplaced above the glass transition temperature, conductive cooling alone was insufficient to prevent welding. Crack patterns (average, 4.5 sides to each polygon) and column diameters (average, 75 cm) are consistent with relatively rapid cooling, where advective heat loss due to vapor fluxing increases cooling over simple conductive heat transfer. The presence of regularly spaced, complex radiating joint patterns is consistent with fumarolic gas rise, where volatiles originated in the valley-confined drainage system below. Joint spacing is a proxy for cooling rates and is controlled by depositional thickness/valley width. We suggest that the formation of joints in high-temperature, non-welded deposits is aided by the presence of underlying external water, where vapor transfer causes crystallization in pore spaces, densifies the deposit, and helps prevent welding.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00445-011-0524-6","issn":"02588900","usgsCitation":"Wright, H.M., Lesti, C., Cas, R.A., Porreca, M., Viramonte, J.G., Folkes, C.B., and Giordano, G., 2011, Columnar jointing in vapor-phase-altered, non-welded Cerro Galán Ignimbrite, Paycuqui, Argentina: Bulletin of Volcanology, v. 73, no. 10, p. 1567-1582, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00445-011-0524-6.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"1567","endPage":"1582","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":487788,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11336/14542","text":"External Repository"},{"id":243910,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216068,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00445-011-0524-6"}],"country":"Argentina","otherGeospatial":"Cerro Galán","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -67.587890625,\n -26.017297563851734\n ],\n [\n -67.587890625,\n -25.22482017676502\n ],\n [\n -66.610107421875,\n -25.22482017676502\n ],\n [\n -66.610107421875,\n -26.017297563851734\n ],\n [\n -67.587890625,\n -26.017297563851734\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"73","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-09-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f7d0e4b0c8380cd4ccfc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wright, Heather M. 0000-0001-9013-507X hwright@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9013-507X","contributorId":3949,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"Heather","email":"hwright@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":451358,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lesti, Chiara","contributorId":24577,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lesti","given":"Chiara","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451356,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cas, Ray A.F.","contributorId":44361,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cas","given":"Ray","email":"","middleInitial":"A.F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451357,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Porreca, Massimiliano","contributorId":17840,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Porreca","given":"Massimiliano","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451355,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Viramonte, Jose G.","contributorId":72211,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Viramonte","given":"Jose","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451360,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Folkes, Christopher B.","contributorId":62032,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Folkes","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451359,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Giordano, Guido","contributorId":100202,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Giordano","given":"Guido","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451361,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70034099,"text":"70034099 - 2011 - Climate change, uncertainty, and natural resource management","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:44","indexId":"70034099","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Climate change, uncertainty, and natural resource management","docAbstract":"Climate change and its associated uncertainties are of concern to natural resource managers. Although aspects of climate change may be novel (e.g., system change and nonstationarity), natural resource managers have long dealt with uncertainties and have developed corresponding approaches to decision-making. Adaptive resource management is an application of structured decision-making for recurrent decision problems with uncertainty, focusing on management objectives, and the reduction of uncertainty over time. We identified 4 types of uncertainty that characterize problems in natural resource management. We examined ways in which climate change is expected to exacerbate these uncertainties, as well as potential approaches to dealing with them. As a case study, we examined North American waterfowl harvest management and considered problems anticipated to result from climate change and potential solutions. Despite challenges expected to accompany the use of adaptive resource management to address problems associated with climate change, we conclude that adaptive resource management approaches will be the methods of choice for managers trying to deal with the uncertainties of climate change. ?? 2010 The Wildlife Society.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Wildlife Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1002/jwmg.33","issn":"0022541X","usgsCitation":"Nichols, J., Koneff, M., Heglund, P., Knutson, M.G., Seamans, M., Lyons, J.E., Morton, J., Jones, M., Boomer, G., and Williams, B.K., 2011, Climate change, uncertainty, and natural resource management: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 75, no. 1, p. 6-18, https://doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.33.","startPage":"6","endPage":"18","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":216841,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.33"},{"id":244737,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"75","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-01-31","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f64fe4b0c8380cd4c6a3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nichols, J.D. 0000-0002-7631-2890","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7631-2890","contributorId":14332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444069,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Koneff, M.D.","contributorId":37031,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koneff","given":"M.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444071,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Heglund, P.J.","contributorId":44505,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heglund","given":"P.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444072,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Knutson, M. G.","contributorId":55375,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Knutson","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444075,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Seamans, M.E.","contributorId":48662,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seamans","given":"M.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444073,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lyons, J. E.","contributorId":15145,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lyons","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444070,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Morton, J.M.","contributorId":97707,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morton","given":"J.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444077,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Jones, M.T.","contributorId":71712,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"M.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444076,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Boomer, G.S.","contributorId":48682,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boomer","given":"G.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444074,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Williams, B. Kenneth","contributorId":107798,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"Kenneth","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444078,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":70034111,"text":"70034111 - 2011 - Lagrangian mass-flow investigations of inorganic contaminants in wastewater-impacted streams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-14T10:10:14","indexId":"70034111","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Lagrangian mass-flow investigations of inorganic contaminants in wastewater-impacted streams","docAbstract":"Understanding the potential effects of increased reliance on wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluents to meet municipal, agricultural, and environmental flow requires an understanding of the complex chemical loading characteristics of the WWTPs and the assimilative capacity of receiving waters. Stream ecosystem effects are linked to proportions of WWTP effluent under low-flow conditions as well as the nature of the effluent chemical mixtures. This study quantifies the loading of 58 inorganic constituents (nutrients to rare earth elements) from WWTP discharges relative to upstream landscape-based sources. Stream assimilation capacity was evaluated by Lagrangian sampling, using flow velocities determined from tracer experiments to track the same parcel of water as it moved downstream. Boulder Creek, Colorado and Fourmile Creek, Iowa, representing two different geologic and hydrologic landscapes, were sampled under low-flow conditions in the summer and spring. One-half of the constituents had greater loads from the WWTP effluents than the upstream drainages, and once introduced into the streams, dilution was the predominant assimilation mechanism. Only ammonium and bismuth had significant decreases in mass load downstream from the WWTPs during all samplings. The link between hydrology and water chemistry inherent in Lagrangian sampling allows quantitative assessment of chemical fate across different landscapes.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Chemical Society","doi":"10.1021/es104138y","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Barber, L.B., Antweiler, R.C., Flynn, J., Keefe, S., Kolpin, D., Roth, D., Schnoebelen, D., Taylor, H.E., and Verplanck, P., 2011, Lagrangian mass-flow investigations of inorganic contaminants in wastewater-impacted streams: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 45, no. 7, p. 2575-2583, https://doi.org/10.1021/es104138y.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"2575","endPage":"2583","numberOfPages":"9","ipdsId":"IP-014941","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":244421,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"45","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-03-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4134e4b0c8380cd653a5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barber, L. B.","contributorId":64602,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barber","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444147,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Antweiler, Ronald C. 0000-0001-5652-6034 antweil@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5652-6034","contributorId":1481,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Antweiler","given":"Ronald","email":"antweil@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":444146,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Flynn, J.L.","contributorId":39889,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flynn","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444145,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Keefe, S.H.","contributorId":18965,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keefe","given":"S.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444143,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kolpin, D.W.","contributorId":87565,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kolpin","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444148,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Roth, D.A.","contributorId":100864,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roth","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444150,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Schnoebelen, D.J.","contributorId":98352,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schnoebelen","given":"D.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444149,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Taylor, Howard E. hetaylor@usgs.gov","contributorId":1551,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"Howard","email":"hetaylor@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":444144,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Verplanck, P. L. 0000-0002-3653-6419","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3653-6419","contributorId":106565,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Verplanck","given":"P. 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We combined watershed N mass balances and stable isotopes to investigate fate and transport of nonpoint N in forest, agricultural, and urbanized watersheds at the Baltimore Long-Term Ecological Research site. Annual N retention was 55%, 68%, and 82% for agricultural, suburban, and forest watersheds, respectively. Analysis of δ15N-NO3–, and δ18O-NO3– indicated wastewater was an important nitrate source in urbanized streams during baseflow. Negative correlations between δ15N-NO3– and δ18O-NO3– in urban watersheds indicated mixing between atmospheric deposition and wastewater, and N source contributions changed with storm magnitude (atmospheric sources contributed ∼50% at peak storm N loads). Positive correlations between δ15N-NO3– and δ18O-NO3– in watersheds suggested denitrification was removing septic system and agriculturally derived N, but N from belowground leaking sewers was less susceptible to denitrification. N transformations were also observed in a storm drain (no natural drainage network) potentially due to organic carbon inputs. Overall, nonpoint sources such as atmospheric deposition, wastewater, and fertilizer showed different susceptibility to watershed N export. There were large changes in nitrate sources as a function of runoff, and anticipating source changes in response to climate and storms will be critical for managing nonpoint N pollution.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Chemical Society","doi":"10.1021/es200779e","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Kaushal, S.S., Groffman, P., Band, L., Elliott, E.M., Shields, C.A., and Kendall, C., 2011, Tracking nonpoint source nitrogen pollution in human-impacted watersheds: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 45, no. 19, p. 8225-8232, https://doi.org/10.1021/es200779e.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"8225","endPage":"8232","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":244523,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"45","issue":"19","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-09-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb6a2e4b08c986b326dbc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kaushal, Sujay S.","contributorId":174385,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kaushal","given":"Sujay","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445066,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Groffman, Peter M","contributorId":168873,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Groffman","given":"Peter M","affiliations":[{"id":25372,"text":"Senior Research Scientist, Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":445063,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Band, Lawrence","contributorId":174085,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Band","given":"Lawrence","affiliations":[{"id":7043,"text":"University of North Carolina","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":445067,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Elliott, Emily M.","contributorId":174386,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Elliott","given":"Emily","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445068,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Shields, Catherine A.","contributorId":174387,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shields","given":"Catherine","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445065,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kendall, Carol 0000-0002-0247-3405 ckendall@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0247-3405","contributorId":1462,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kendall","given":"Carol","email":"ckendall@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":445064,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70036502,"text":"70036502 - 2011 - Effects of sediment-associated extractable metals, degree of sediment grain sorting, and dissolved organic carbon upon Cryptosporidium parvum removal and transport within riverbank filtration sediments, Sonoma County, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-11T11:11:04","indexId":"70036502","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Effects of sediment-associated extractable metals, degree of sediment grain sorting, and dissolved organic carbon upon Cryptosporidium parvum removal and transport within riverbank filtration sediments, Sonoma County, California","title":"Effects of sediment-associated extractable metals, degree of sediment grain sorting, and dissolved organic carbon upon Cryptosporidium parvum removal and transport within riverbank filtration sediments, Sonoma County, California","docAbstract":"Oocysts of the protozoan pathogen Cryptosporidium parvum are of particular concern for riverbank filtration (RBF) operations because of their persistence, ubiquity, and resistance to chlorine disinfection. At the Russian River RBF site (Sonoma County, CA), transport of C. parvumoocysts and oocyst-sized (3 μm) carboxylate-modified microspheres through poorly sorted (sorting indices, σ1, up to 3.0) and geochemically heterogeneous sediments collected between 2 and 25 m below land surface (bls) were assessed. Removal was highly sensitive to variations in both the quantity of extractable metals (mainly Fe and Al) and degree of grain sorting. In flow-through columns, there was a log–linear relationship (r2 = 0.82 at p < 0.002) between collision efficiency (α, the probability that colloidal collisions with grain surfaces would result in attachment) and extractable metals, and a linear relationship (r2 = 0.99 at p < 0.002) between α and σ1. Collectively, variability in extractable metals and grain sorting accounted for ∼83% of the variability in α (at p < 0.0002) along the depth profiles. Amendments of 2.2 mg L–1 of Russian River dissolved organic carbon (DOC) reduced α for oocysts by 4–5 fold. The highly reactive hydrophobic organic acid (HPOA) fraction was particularly effective in re-entraining sediment-attached microspheres. However, the transport-enhancing effects of the riverine DOC did not appear to penetrate very deeply into the underlying sediments, judging from high α values (∼1.0) observed for oocysts being advected through unamended sediments collected at ∼2 m bls. This study suggests that in evaluating the efficacy of RBF operations to remove oocysts, it may be necessary to consider not only the geochemical nature and size distribution of the sediment grains, but also the degrees of sediment sorting and the concentration, reactivity, and penetration of the source water DOC.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Chemical Society","doi":"10.1021/es200544p","usgsCitation":"Metge, D., Harvey, R., Aiken, G., Anders, R., Lincoln, G., Jasperse, J., and Hill, M.C., 2011, Effects of sediment-associated extractable metals, degree of sediment grain sorting, and dissolved organic carbon upon Cryptosporidium parvum removal and transport within riverbank filtration sediments, Sonoma County, California: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 45, no. 13, p. 5587-5595, https://doi.org/10.1021/es200544p.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"5587","endPage":"5595","ipdsId":"IP-027485","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":246584,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"Sonoma 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R. 0000-0001-8454-0984","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8454-0984","contributorId":14452,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aiken","given":"G. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456449,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Anders, R.","contributorId":74174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anders","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456453,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lincoln, G.","contributorId":106336,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lincoln","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456454,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Jasperse, James","contributorId":64857,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jasperse","given":"James","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456452,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Hill, M. C.","contributorId":48993,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hill","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456450,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70036173,"text":"70036173 - 2011 - Contribution of global groundwater depletion since 1900 to sea-level rise","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-21T15:26:20","indexId":"70036173","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Contribution of global groundwater depletion since 1900 to sea-level rise","docAbstract":"Removal of water from terrestrial subsurface storage is a natural consequence of groundwater withdrawals, but global depletion is not well characterized. Cumulative groundwater depletion represents a transfer of mass from land to the oceans that contributes to sea-level rise. Depletion is directly calculated using calibrated groundwater models, analytical approaches, or volumetric budget analyses for multiple aquifer systems. Estimated global groundwater depletion during 1900–2008 totals ~4,500 km3, equivalent to a sea-level rise of 12.6 mm (>6% of the total). Furthermore, the rate of groundwater depletion has increased markedly since about 1950, with maximum rates occurring during the most recent period (2000–2008), when it averaged ~145 km3/yr (equivalent to 0.40 mm/yr of sea-level rise, or 13% of the reported rate of 3.1 mm/yr during this recent period).","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geophysical Research Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"AGU","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1029/2011GL048604","issn":"00948276","usgsCitation":"Konikow, L.F., 2011, Contribution of global groundwater depletion since 1900 to sea-level rise: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 38, no. 17, L17401, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011GL048604.","productDescription":"L17401","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":475233,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2011gl048604","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":246431,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":218424,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2011GL048604"}],"otherGeospatial":"Earth","volume":"38","issue":"17","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-09-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fa82e4b0c8380cd4db37","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Konikow, Leonard F. 0000-0002-0940-3856 lkonikow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0940-3856","contributorId":158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Konikow","given":"Leonard","email":"lkonikow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":454632,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70036494,"text":"70036494 - 2011 - Approach for environmental baseline water sampling","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-03T09:38:03","indexId":"70036494","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Approach for environmental baseline water sampling","docAbstract":"Samples collected during the exploration phase of mining represent baseline conditions at the site. As such, they can be very important in forecasting potential environmental impacts should mining proceed, and can become measurements against which future changes are compared. Constituents in stream water draining mined and mineralized areas tend to be geochemically, spatially, and temporally variable, which presents challenges in collecting both exploration and baseline water-quality samples. Because short-term (daily) variations can complicate long-term trends, it is important to consider recent findings concerning geochemical variability of stream-water constituents at short-term timescales in designing sampling plans. Also, adequate water-quality information is key to forecasting potential ecological impacts from mining. Therefore, it is useful to collect baseline water samples adequate tor geochemical and toxicological modeling. This requires complete chemical analyses of dissolved constituents that include major and minor chemical elements as well as physicochemical properties (including pH, specific conductance, dissolved oxygen) and dissolved organic carbon. Applying chemical-equilibrium and appropriate toxicological models to water-quality information leads to an understanding of the speciation, transport, sequestration, bioavailability, and aquatic toxicity of potential contaminants. Insights gained from geochemical and toxicological modeling of water-quality data can be used to design appropriate mitigation and for economic planning for future mining activities.","largerWorkType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"largerWorkTitle":"SME Annual Meeting and Exhibit and CMA 113th National Western Mining Conference 2011","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"conferenceTitle":"SME Annual Meeting and Exhibit and CMA 113th National Western Mining Conference 2011","conferenceDate":"28 February 2011 through 2 March 2011","conferenceLocation":"Denver, CO","language":"English","isbn":"9781617829727","usgsCitation":"Smith, K., 2011, Approach for environmental baseline water sampling, in SME Annual Meeting and Exhibit and CMA 113th National Western Mining Conference 2011, Denver, CO, 28 February 2011 through 2 March 2011, p. 837-840.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"837","endPage":"840","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":246486,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ecdfe4b0c8380cd49521","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, K. S. 0000-0001-8547-9804","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8547-9804","contributorId":47779,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"K. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456411,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70036348,"text":"70036348 - 2011 - Treading lightly on shifting ground: The direction and motivation of future geological research","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:03","indexId":"70036348","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1582,"text":"Episodes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Treading lightly on shifting ground: The direction and motivation of future geological research","docAbstract":"The future of the geosciences and geological research will involve complex scientific challenges, primarily concerning global and regional environmental issues, in the next 20-30 years. It is quite reasonable to suspect, based on current political and socioeconomic events, that young geoscientists will be faced with and involved in helping to resolve some well defined problems: water and energy security, the effects of anthropogenic climate change, coastal sea level rise and development, and the mitigation of geohazards. It is how we choose to approach these challenges that will define our future. Interdisciplinary applied research, improved modeling and prediction augmented with faster and more sophisticated computing, and a greater role in creating and guiding public policy, will help us achieve our goals of a cleaner and safer Earth environment in the next 30 years. In the far future, even grander possibilities for eliminating the risk of certain geohazards and finding sustainable solutions to our energy needs can be envisioned. Looking deeper into the future, the possibilities for geoscience research push the limits of the imagination.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Episodes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"07053797","usgsCitation":"Witt, A., 2011, Treading lightly on shifting ground: The direction and motivation of future geological research: Episodes, v. 34, no. 2, p. 78-81.","startPage":"78","endPage":"81","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":246251,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"34","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb78ce4b08c986b32733b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Witt, A.C.","contributorId":26146,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Witt","given":"A.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455677,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70035430,"text":"70035430 - 2011 - Mysis diluviana population and cohort dynamics in Lake Ontario before and after the establishment of Dreissena spp., Cercopagis pengoi, and Bythotrephes longimanus","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-12-31T15:27:23","indexId":"70035430","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1169,"text":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mysis diluviana population and cohort dynamics in Lake Ontario before and after the establishment of Dreissena spp., Cercopagis pengoi, and Bythotrephes longimanus","docAbstract":"We investigated population responses of Mysis to ecosystem changes induced by invasion of dreissenids and predatory cladocerans, Cercopagis and Bythotrephes. Lake productivity declined as dreissenids invaded the offshore region. Whole-lake mysid biomass was compared before (early 1990s) and after (2002–2007) the invasion period; it declined 40%–45%. Abundance of young mysids and presence of a summer cohort increased with summer, epilmnetic, nighttime zooplankton biomass (i.e., food biomass index). Cercopagis + Bythotrephes biomass was negatively correlated with this index, implicating them in the mysid decline. Eggs per gravid female increased with autumn, total-water-column zooplankton biomass, reflecting the greater use of hypolimnetic waters by adults. Reproductive success was below replacement during the period 2002–2005. First-year mysid growth rate was maintained while population abundance declined, suggesting selection for individuals that feed effectively at low food concentrations. Mortality rates in the first and second years were dependent on cohort density, indicating that competition for food limited abundance in the first 2 years. Fish predation indices (smelt and alewife combined) were correlated positively with mortality rates and negatively with abundance in the third year. Thus, mysids cannot support as many fish in invaded compared with non-invaded lakes. They may also not be a stable food resource; unusual cohort losses occurred in some years.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"NRC Research Press","publisherLocation":"Ottawa, Ontario","doi":"10.1139/f2011-028","issn":"0706652X","usgsCitation":"Johannsson, O.E., Bowen, K.L., Holeck, K.T., and Walsh, M.G., 2011, Mysis diluviana population and cohort dynamics in Lake Ontario before and after the establishment of Dreissena spp., Cercopagis pengoi, and Bythotrephes longimanus: Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 68, no. 5, p. 795-811, https://doi.org/10.1139/f2011-028.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"795","endPage":"811","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":215408,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f2011-028"},{"id":243211,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada;United States","otherGeospatial":"Lake Ontario","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -80.0,43.17 ], [ -80.0,44.36 ], [ -76.0,44.36 ], [ -76.0,43.17 ], [ -80.0,43.17 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"68","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a60f1e4b0c8380cd71770","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johannsson, Ora E.","contributorId":25527,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johannsson","given":"Ora","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450623,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bowen, Kelly L.","contributorId":38382,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bowen","given":"Kelly","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450624,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Holeck, Kristen T.","contributorId":105549,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Holeck","given":"Kristen","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":12722,"text":"Cornell University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":450626,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Walsh, Maureen G.","contributorId":92506,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walsh","given":"Maureen","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450625,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70036194,"text":"70036194 - 2011 - Methane oxidation in a crude oil contaminated aquifer: Delineation of aerobic reactions at the plume fringes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-28T09:25:49","indexId":"70036194","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2233,"text":"Journal of Contaminant Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Methane oxidation in a crude oil contaminated aquifer: Delineation of aerobic reactions at the plume fringes","docAbstract":"High resolution direct-push profiling over short vertical distances was used to investigate CH4 attenuation in a petroleum contaminated aquifer near Bemidji, Minnesota. The contaminant plume was delineated using dissolved gases, redox sensitive components, major ions, carbon isotope ratios in CH4 and CO2, and the presence of methanotrophic bacteria. Sharp redox gradients were observed near the water table. Shifts in δ13CCH4 from an average of − 57.6‰ (± 1.7‰) in the methanogenic zone to − 39.6‰ (± 8.7‰) at 105 m downgradient, strongly suggest CH4 attenuation through microbially mediated degradation. In the downgradient zone the aerobic/anaerobic transition is up to 0.5 m below the water table suggesting that transport of O2 across the water table is leading to aerobic degradation of CH4 at this interface. Dissolved N2 concentrations that exceeded those expected for water in equilibrium with the atmosphere indicated bubble entrapment followed by preferential stripping of O2 through aerobic degradation of CH4 or other hydrocarbons. Multivariate and cluster analysis were used to distinguish between areas of significant bubble entrapment and areas where other processes such as the infiltration of O2 rich recharge water were important O2 transport mechanisms.
Disruption of food availability by unfavorable physical processes at energetically demanding times can limit recruitment of migratory species as predicted by the match–mismatch hypothesis. Identification and protection of disruption‐resistant habitat could contribute to system resilience. For example, horseshoe crab Limulus polyphemus spawning and shorebird stopover must match temporally in Delaware Bay for eggs to be available to shorebirds. Onshore winds that generate waves can create a mismatch by delaying horseshoe crab spawning. We examined effects of beach characteristics and onshore winds on spawning activity at five beaches when water temperatures were otherwise consistent with early spawning activity. Onshore winds resulted in reduced spawning activity during the shorebird stopover, when spawning typically peaks in late May. During the period with high onshore wind, egg density was highest on the foreshore exposed to the lowest wave heights. Onshore wind was low in early June, and spawning and egg densities were high at all sites, but shorebirds had departed. Beaches that can serve as a refuge from wind and waves can be identified by physical characteristics and orientation to prevailing winds and should receive special conservation status, especially in light of predicted increases in climate change‐induced storm frequency. These results point to a potential conservation strategy that includes coastal management for adapting to climate change‐induced mismatch of migrations.
","language":"English","publisher":"The Zoological Society of London","doi":"10.1111/j.1469-1795.2011.00481.x","issn":"13679430","usgsCitation":"Smith, D., Jackson, N., Nordstrom, K., and Weber, R., 2011, Beach characteristics mitigate effects of onshore wind on horseshoe crab spawning: Implications for matching with shorebird migration in Delaware Bay: Animal Conservation, v. 14, no. 5, p. 575-584, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-1795.2011.00481.x.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"575","endPage":"584","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":244781,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Delaware","otherGeospatial":"Delaware Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -75.60379028320312,\n 38.8504034216919\n ],\n [\n -74.74960327148438,\n 38.8504034216919\n ],\n [\n -74.74960327148438,\n 39.44785903194701\n ],\n [\n -75.60379028320312,\n 39.44785903194701\n ],\n [\n -75.60379028320312,\n 38.8504034216919\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"14","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-07-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f02fe4b0c8380cd4a626","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, D. R. 0000-0001-6074-9257","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6074-9257","contributorId":44108,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"D. R.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":445136,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jackson, N.L.","contributorId":104189,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jackson","given":"N.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445137,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nordstrom, K.F.","contributorId":17733,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nordstrom","given":"K.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445134,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Weber, R.G.","contributorId":38686,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weber","given":"R.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445135,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70036351,"text":"70036351 - 2011 - Feature-based and statistical methods for analyzing the Deepwater Horizon oil spill with AVIRIS imagery","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-30T10:15:47","indexId":"70036351","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5446,"text":"Proceedings of SPIE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Feature-based and statistical methods for analyzing the Deepwater Horizon oil spill with AVIRIS imagery","docAbstract":"The Deepwater Horizon oil spill covered a very large geographical area in the Gulf of Mexico creating potentially serious environmental impacts on both marine life and the coastal shorelines. Knowing the oil's areal extent and thickness as well as denoting different categories of the oil's physical state is important for assessing these impacts. High spectral resolution data in hyperspectral imagery (HSI) sensors such as Airborne Visible and Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS) provide a valuable source of information that can be used for analysis by semi-automatic methods for tracking an oil spill's areal extent, oil thickness, and oil categories. However, the spectral behavior of oil in water is inherently a highly non-linear and variable phenomenon that changes depending on oil thickness and oil/water ratios. For certain oil thicknesses there are well-defined absorption features, whereas for very thin films sometimes there are almost no observable features. Feature-based imaging spectroscopy methods are particularly effective at classifying materials that exhibit specific well-defined spectral absorption features. Statistical methods are effective at classifying materials with spectra that exhibit a considerable amount of variability and that do not necessarily exhibit well-defined spectral absorption features. This study investigates feature-based and statistical methods for analyzing oil spills using hyperspectral imagery. The appropriate use of each approach is investigated and a combined feature-based and statistical method is proposed.
","conferenceTitle":"Imaging Spectrometry XVI","conferenceDate":"August 22, 2011-August 23, 2011","conferenceLocation":"San Diego, CA","language":"English","publisher":"SPIE","doi":"10.1117/12.894909","issn":"0277786X","isbn":"9780819487681","usgsCitation":"Rand, R., Clark, R.N., and Livo, K., 2011, Feature-based and statistical methods for analyzing the Deepwater Horizon oil spill with AVIRIS imagery: Proceedings of SPIE, v. 8158, https://doi.org/10.1117/12.894909.","ipdsId":"IP-032330","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":343207,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Gulf of Mexico","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -80.85937499999999,\n 24.926294766395593\n ],\n [\n -81.6943359375,\n 25.958044673317843\n ],\n [\n -82.59521484375,\n 26.88288045572338\n ],\n [\n -82.9248046875,\n 27.955591004642553\n ],\n [\n -82.880859375,\n 28.825425374477224\n ],\n [\n -84.13330078125,\n 29.935895213372444\n ],\n [\n -84.55078125,\n 29.76437737516313\n ],\n [\n -85.341796875,\n 29.554345125748267\n ],\n [\n -86.17675781249999,\n 30.29701788337205\n ],\n [\n -87.4072265625,\n 30.164126343161097\n ],\n [\n -87.978515625,\n 30.259067203213018\n ],\n [\n -88.9453125,\n 30.240086360983426\n ],\n [\n -90.1318359375,\n 30.088107753367257\n ],\n [\n -88.08837890625,\n 29.34387539941801\n ],\n [\n -89.1650390625,\n 29.036960648558267\n ],\n [\n -91.03271484375,\n 28.97931203672246\n ],\n [\n -92.46093749999999,\n 29.248063243796576\n ],\n [\n -93.05419921875,\n 29.439597566602902\n ],\n [\n -93.955078125,\n 29.36302703778376\n ],\n [\n -95.49316406249999,\n 28.729130483430154\n ],\n [\n -96.70166015624999,\n 28.110748760633534\n ],\n [\n -97.18505859374999,\n 27.039556602163195\n ],\n [\n -96.9873046875,\n 26.115985925333536\n ],\n [\n -97.42675781249999,\n 24.826624956562167\n ],\n [\n -97.5146484375,\n 21.637005211106306\n ],\n [\n -96.74560546875,\n 20.46818922264095\n ],\n [\n -95.69091796875,\n 18.895892559415024\n ],\n [\n -95.537109375,\n 18.8543103618898\n ],\n [\n -94.9658203125,\n 18.87510275035649\n ],\n [\n -94.50439453125,\n 18.22935133838668\n ],\n [\n -92.548828125,\n 18.771115062337024\n ],\n [\n -91.93359375,\n 18.8335153964335\n ],\n [\n -91.64794921875,\n 18.521283325496277\n ],\n [\n -91.4501953125,\n 18.771115062337024\n ],\n [\n -91.34033203125,\n 19.103648251663646\n ],\n [\n -90.85693359375,\n 19.621892180319374\n ],\n [\n -90.4833984375,\n 21.207458730482642\n ],\n [\n -88.35205078124999,\n 21.759499730719817\n ],\n [\n -87.86865234374999,\n 21.657428197370653\n ],\n [\n -87.0556640625,\n 21.57571893245848\n ],\n [\n -84.814453125,\n 22.715390019335942\n ],\n [\n -80.85937499999999,\n 24.926294766395593\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"8158","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0f45e4b0c8380cd53844","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rand, R.S.","contributorId":26175,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rand","given":"R.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455685,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Clark, R. N.","contributorId":6568,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455684,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Livo, K.E. 0000-0001-7331-8130","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7331-8130","contributorId":61471,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Livo","given":"K.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455686,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70034300,"text":"70034300 - 2011 - Multilevel empirical bayes modeling for improved estimation of toxicant formulations to suppress parasitic sea lamprey in the upper Great Lakes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-23T12:39:46.581965","indexId":"70034300","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1039,"text":"Biometrics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Multilevel empirical bayes modeling for improved estimation of toxicant formulations to suppress parasitic sea lamprey in the upper Great Lakes","docAbstract":"Estimation of extreme quantal‐response statistics, such as the concentration required to kill 99.9% of test subjects (LC99.9), remains a challenge in the presence of multiple covariates and complex study designs. Accurate and precise estimates of the LC99.9 for mixtures of toxicants are critical to ongoing control of a parasitic invasive species, the sea lamprey, in the Laurentian Great Lakes of North America. The toxicity of those chemicals is affected by local and temporal variations in water chemistry, which must be incorporated into the modeling. We develop multilevel empirical Bayes models for data from multiple laboratory studies. Our approach yields more accurate and precise estimation of the LC99.9 compared to alternative models considered. This study demonstrates that properly incorporating hierarchical structure in laboratory data yields better estimates of LC99.9 stream treatment values that are critical to larvae control in the field. In addition, out‐of‐sample prediction of the results of in situ tests reveals the presence of a latent seasonal effect not manifest in the laboratory studies, suggesting avenues for future study and illustrating the importance of dual consideration of both experimental and observational data.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1541-0420.2011.01566.x","issn":"0006341X","usgsCitation":"Hatfield, L., Gutreuter, S., Boogaard, M., and Carlin, B., 2011, Multilevel empirical bayes modeling for improved estimation of toxicant formulations to suppress parasitic sea lamprey in the upper Great Lakes: Biometrics, v. 67, no. 3, p. 1153-1162, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1541-0420.2011.01566.x.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"1153","endPage":"1162","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":475356,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://europepmc.org/articles/pmc3111860","text":"External Repository"},{"id":244814,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"67","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-03-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6028e4b0c8380cd7131c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hatfield, L.A.","contributorId":51579,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hatfield","given":"L.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445142,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gutreuter, S.","contributorId":79829,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gutreuter","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445144,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Boogaard, M.A.","contributorId":92994,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boogaard","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445145,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Carlin, B.P.","contributorId":74227,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carlin","given":"B.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445143,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70036492,"text":"70036492 - 2011 - Wetland vegetation in Manzala lagoon, Nile Delta coast, Egypt: Rapid responses of pollen to altered nile hydrology and land use","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-08T17:43:46.295068","indexId":"70036492","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2220,"text":"Journal of Coastal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Wetland vegetation in Manzala lagoon, Nile Delta coast, Egypt: Rapid responses of pollen to altered nile hydrology and land use","docAbstract":"The pollen record in a sediment core from Manzala lagoon on the Nile delta coastal margin of Egypt, deposited from ca. AD 1860 to 1990, indicates rapid coastal wetland vegetation responses to two primary periods of human activity. These are associated with artificially altered Nile hydrologic regimes in proximal areas and distal sectors located to ∼1200 km south of Manzala. Freshwater wetland plants that were dominant, such as Typha and Phragmites, decreased rapidly, whereas in the early 1900s, brackish water wetland species (e.g., Amaranthaceae) increased. This change occurred after closure of the Aswan Low Dam in 1902. The second major modification in the pollen record occurred in the early 1970s, after Aswan High Dam closure from 1965 to 1970, when Typha pollen abundance increased rapidly. Massive population growth occurred along the Nile during the 130 years represented by the core section. During this time, the total volume of lagoon water decreased because of conversion of wetland areas to agricultural land, and input of organic-rich sediment, sewage (municipal, agricultural, industrial), and fertilizer in Manzala lagoon increased markedly. Although the wetland plant community has continued to respond to increasingly intensified and varied human-induced pressures in proximal sectors, the two most marked changes in Manzala pollen best correlate with distal events (i.e., closure of the two dams at Aswan). The study also shows that the two major vegetation changes in Manzala lagoon each occurred less than 10 years after closure upriver of the Low and High dams that markedly altered the Nile regime from Upper Egypt to the coast.
","language":"English","publisher":"BioOne","doi":"10.2112/10A-00001.1","issn":"07490208","usgsCitation":"Bernhardt, C., Stanley, J., and Horton, B.P., 2011, Wetland vegetation in Manzala lagoon, Nile Delta coast, Egypt: Rapid responses of pollen to altered nile hydrology and land use: Journal of Coastal Research, v. 27, no. 4, p. 731-737, https://doi.org/10.2112/10A-00001.1.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"731","endPage":"737","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":246452,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":218442,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2112/10A-00001.1"}],"country":"Egypt","otherGeospatial":"Manzala Lagoon","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 31.716156005859375,\n 30.99173704508671\n ],\n [\n 32.416534423828125,\n 30.99173704508671\n ],\n [\n 32.416534423828125,\n 31.60310089533651\n ],\n [\n 31.716156005859375,\n 31.60310089533651\n ],\n [\n 31.716156005859375,\n 30.99173704508671\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"27","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bd024e4b08c986b32ecc8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bernhardt, C.E.","contributorId":65554,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bernhardt","given":"C.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456404,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stanley, J.-D.","contributorId":19001,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stanley","given":"J.-D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456403,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Horton, B. P.","contributorId":96816,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Horton","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456405,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70036287,"text":"70036287 - 2011 - Seasonal dripwater Mg/Ca and Sr/Ca variations driven by cave ventilation: Implications for and modeling of speleothem paleoclimate records","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-20T17:23:05.694442","indexId":"70036287","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seasonal dripwater Mg/Ca and Sr/Ca variations driven by cave ventilation: Implications for and modeling of speleothem paleoclimate records","docAbstract":"A 4-year study in a central Texas cave quantifies multiple mechanisms that control dripwater composition and how these mechanisms vary at different drip sites. We monitored cave-air compositions, in situ calcite growth, dripwater composition and drip rate every 4–6 weeks. Three groups of drip sites are delineated (Groups 1–3) based on geochemical variations in dripwater composition. Quantitative modeling of mineral-solution reactions within the host carbonate rock and cave environments is used to identify mechanisms that can account for variations in dripwater compositions. The covariation of Mg/Ca (and Sr/Ca) and Sr isotopes is key in delineating whether Mg/Ca and Sr/Ca variations are dictated by water–rock interaction (i.e., calcite or dolomite recrystallization) or prior calcite precipitation (PCP). Group 1 dripwater compositions reflects a narrow range of the extent of water–rock interaction followed by varying amounts of prior calcite precipitation (PCP). Group 2 dripwater compositions are controlled by varying amounts of water–rock interaction with little to no PCP influence. Group 3 dripwater compositions are dictated by variable extents of both water–rock interaction and PCP. Group 1 drip sites show seasonal variations in dripwater Mg/Ca and Sr/Ca, whereas the other drip sites do not. In contrast to the findings of most previous dripwater Mg/Ca–Sr/Ca studies, these seasonal variations (at Group 1 drip sites) are independent of changes in water flux (i.e., rainfall and/or drip rate), and instead significantly correlate with changes in cave-air CO2 concentrations. These results are consistent with lower cave-air CO2, related to cool season ventilation of the cave atmosphere, enhancing calcite precipitation and leading to dripwater geochemical evolution via PCP. Group 1 dripwater Mg/Ca and Sr/Ca seasonality and evidence for PCP as a mechanism that can account for that seasonality, have two implications for many other regions where seasonal ventilation of caves is likely: (1) speleothem trace-element records may provide seasonal signals, and (2) such records may be biased toward recording climate conditions during the season when calcite is depositing. Additionally, we use our results to construct a forward model that illustrates the types of speleothem Mg/Ca and Sr/Ca variations that would result from varying controls on dripwater compositions. The model provides a basis for interpreting paleo-dripwater controls from high frequency Mg/Ca and Sr/Ca variations for speleothems from caves at which long term monitoring studies are not feasible.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.gca.2011.03.025","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Wong, C., Banner, J., and Musgrove, M., 2011, Seasonal dripwater Mg/Ca and Sr/Ca variations driven by cave ventilation: Implications for and modeling of speleothem paleoclimate records: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 75, no. 12, p. 3514-3529, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2011.03.025.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"3514","endPage":"3529","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":246309,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":218310,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2011.03.025"}],"volume":"75","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b889ae4b08c986b316a60","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wong, C.I.","contributorId":98574,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wong","given":"C.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455270,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Banner, J.L.","contributorId":95683,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Banner","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455269,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Musgrove, MaryLynn 0000-0003-1607-3864","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1607-3864","contributorId":223710,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Musgrove","given":"MaryLynn","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":455268,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70173543,"text":"70173543 - 2011 - Characterization of winter foraging locations of Adélie penguins along the Western Antarctic Peninsula, 2001–2002","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-14T15:14:11","indexId":"70173543","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1371,"text":"Deep-Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Characterization of winter foraging locations of Adélie penguins along the Western Antarctic Peninsula, 2001–2002","docAbstract":"In accord with the hypotheses driving the Southern Ocean Global Ocean Ecosystems Dynamics (SO GLOBEC) program, we tested the hypothesis that the winter foraging ecology of a major top predator in waters off the Western Antarctic Peninsula (WAP), the Adélie penguin (Pygoscelis adeliae), is constrained by oceanographic features related to the physiography of the region. This hypothesis grew from the supposition that breeding colonies in the WAP during summer are located adjacent to areas of complex bathymetry where circulation and upwelling processes appear to ensure predictable food resources. Therefore, we tested the additional hypothesis that these areas continue to contribute to the foraging strategy of this species throughout the non-breeding winter season. We used satellite telemetry data collected as part of the SO GLOBEC program during the austral winters of 2001 and 2002 to characterize individual penguin foraging locations in relation to bathymetry, sea ice variability within the pack ice, and wind velocity and divergence (as a proxy for potential areas with cracks and leads). We also explored differences between males and females in core foraging area overlap. Ocean depth was the most influential variable in the determination of foraging location, with most birds focusing their effort on shallow (<200 m) waters near land and on mixed-layer (200–500 m) waters near the edge of deep troughs. Within-ice variability and wind (as a proxy for potential areas with cracks and leads) were not found to be influential variables, which is likely because of the low resolution satellite imagery and model outputs that were available. Throughout the study period, all individuals maintained a core foraging area separated from other individuals with very little overlap. However, from a year with light sea ice to one with heavy ice cover (2001–2002), we observed an increase in the overlap of individual female foraging areas with those of other birds, likely due to restricted access to the water column, reduced prey abundance, or higher prey concentration. Male birds maintained separate core foraging areas with the same small amount of overlap, showing no difference in overlap between the years. While complex bathymetry was an important physical variable influencing the Adélie penguin's foraging, the analysis of sea ice data of a higher resolution than was available for this study may help elucidate the role of sea ice in affecting Adélie penguin winter foraging behavior within the pack ice.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.dsr2.2010.10.054","usgsCitation":"Erdmann, E.S., Ribic, C., Patterson-Fraser, D.L., and Fraser, W., 2011, Characterization of winter foraging locations of Adélie penguins along the Western Antarctic Peninsula, 2001–2002: Deep-Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography, v. 58, no. 13-16, p. 1710-1718, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2010.10.054.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"1710","endPage":"1718","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-013811","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":323602,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -81.73828125,\n -74.86788912917916\n ],\n [\n -81.73828125,\n -62.34960927573042\n ],\n [\n -55.72265625,\n -62.34960927573042\n ],\n [\n -55.72265625,\n -74.86788912917916\n ],\n [\n -81.73828125,\n -74.86788912917916\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"58","issue":"13-16","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57612aaee4b04f417c2ce48a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Erdmann, Eric S.","contributorId":97743,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Erdmann","given":"Eric","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":638763,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ribic, Christine 0000-0003-2583-1778 caribic@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2583-1778","contributorId":147952,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ribic","given":"Christine","email":"caribic@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":5068,"text":"Midwest Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":637282,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Patterson-Fraser, Donna L.","contributorId":84726,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Patterson-Fraser","given":"Donna","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":638764,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fraser, William R.","contributorId":94277,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fraser","given":"William R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":638765,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70036644,"text":"70036644 - 2011 - Evidence for foraging -site fidelity and individual foraging behavior of pelagic cormorants rearing chicks in the Gulf of Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-03T14:49:35.829627","indexId":"70036644","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1318,"text":"Condor","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evidence for foraging -site fidelity and individual foraging behavior of pelagic cormorants rearing chicks in the Gulf of Alaska","docAbstract":"The Pelagic Cormorant (Phalacrocorax pelagicus) is the most widespread cormorant in the North Pacific, but little is known about its foraging and diving behavior. However, knowledge of seabirds' foraging behavior is important to understanding their function in the marine environment. In 2006, using GPS dataloggers, we studied the foraging behavior of 14 male Pelagic Cormorants rearing chicks on Middleton Island, Alaska. For foraging, the birds had high fidelity to a small area 8 km north of the colony. Within that area, the cormorants' diving activity was of two distinct kinds—near-surface dives (1–6 m) and benthic dives (28–33 m). Individuals were consistent in the depths of their dives, either mostly shallow or mostly deep. Few showed no depth preference. Dive duration, time at maximum depth, and pauses at the water surface between consecutive dives were shorter for shallow dives than for deep dives. The cormorants made dives of both types throughout the day, but the frequency of deep dives increased toward evening. Maximum foraging range was 9 km; maximum total distance traveled per trip was 43.4 km. Trip durations ranged from 0.3 to 7.7 hr. Maximum depth of a dive was 42.2 m, and duration of dives ranged from 4 to 120 sec. We found that Pelagic Cormorants at Middleton Island were faithful to one particular foraging area and individuals dived in distinct patterns. Distinct, specialized foraging behavior may be advantageous in reducing intra- and interspecific competition but may also render the species vulnerable to changing environmental conditions.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1525/cond.2011.090158","usgsCitation":"Kotzerka, J., Hatch, S.A., and Garthe, S., 2011, Evidence for foraging -site fidelity and individual foraging behavior of pelagic cormorants rearing chicks in the Gulf of Alaska: Condor, v. 113, no. 1, p. 80-88, https://doi.org/10.1525/cond.2011.090158.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"80","endPage":"88","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475366,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1525/cond.2011.090158","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":245576,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Gulf of Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -134.93408203125,\n 56.353077613860826\n ],\n [\n -136.77978515625,\n 58.274843152138224\n ],\n [\n -139.37255859375,\n 59.478568831926395\n ],\n [\n -140.44921875,\n 59.7563950493563\n ],\n [\n -143.37158203125,\n 60.07580342475969\n ],\n [\n -144.25048828125,\n 60.02095215374802\n ],\n [\n -146.27197265625,\n 60.673178565817715\n ],\n [\n -147.45849609375,\n 61.03701223240187\n ],\n [\n -148.16162109375,\n 60.337823495982015\n ],\n [\n -149.677734375,\n 59.977005492196\n ],\n [\n -152.02880859375,\n 58.802361927759456\n ],\n [\n -153.6767578125,\n 56.74067435475299\n ],\n [\n -134.93408203125,\n 56.353077613860826\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"113","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0d40e4b0c8380cd52ed8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kotzerka, J.","contributorId":13070,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kotzerka","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457133,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hatch, Scott A. 0000-0002-0064-8187 shatch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0064-8187","contributorId":2625,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hatch","given":"Scott","email":"shatch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":457134,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Garthe, S.","contributorId":98571,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garthe","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457135,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70036356,"text":"70036356 - 2011 - Impacts of past climate and sea level change on Everglades wetlands: placing a century of anthropogenic change into a late-Holocene context","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-06-05T23:38:31","indexId":"70036356","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1252,"text":"Climatic Change","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Impacts of past climate and sea level change on Everglades wetlands: placing a century of anthropogenic change into a late-Holocene context","docAbstract":"We synthesize existing evidence on the ecological history of the Florida Everglades since its inception ~7 ka (calibrated kiloannum) and evaluate the relative impacts of sea level rise, climate variability, and human alteration of Everglades hydrology on wetland plant communities. Initial freshwater peat accumulation began between 6 and 7 ka on the platform underlying modern Florida Bay when sea level was ~6.2 m below its current position. By 5 ka, sawgrass and waterlily peats covered the area bounded by Lake Okeechobee to the north and the Florida Keys to the south. Slower rates of relative sea level rise ~3 ka stabilized the south Florida coastline and initiated transitions from freshwater to mangrove peats near the coast. Hydrologic changes in freshwater marshes also are indicated ~3 ka. During the last ~2 ka, the Everglades wetland was affected by a series of hydrologic fluctuations related to regional to global-scale fluctuations in climate and sea level. Pollen evidence indicates that regional-scale droughts lasting two to four centuries occurred ~1 ka and ~0.4 ka, altering wetland community composition and triggering development of characteristic Everglades habitats such as sawgrass ridges and tree islands. Intercalation of mangrove peats with estuarine muds ~1 ka indicates a temporary slowing or stillstand of sea level. Although sustained droughts and Holocene sea level rise played large roles in structuring the greater Everglades ecosystem, twentieth century reductions in freshwater flow, compartmentalization of the wetland, and accelerated rates of sea level rise had unprecedented impacts on oxidation and subsidence of organic soils, changes/loss of key Everglades habitats, and altered distribution of coastal vegetation.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Climatic Change","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10584-011-0078-9","issn":"01650009","usgsCitation":"Willard, D., and Bernhardt, C., 2011, Impacts of past climate and sea level change on Everglades wetlands: placing a century of anthropogenic change into a late-Holocene context: Climatic Change, v. 107, no. 1, p. 59-80, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-011-0078-9.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"59","endPage":"80","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":246373,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":218372,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10584-011-0078-9"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Everglades National Park","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -81.52,24.85 ], [ -81.52,25.89 ], [ -80.39,25.89 ], [ -80.39,24.85 ], [ -81.52,24.85 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"107","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-05-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a38f2e4b0c8380cd6174b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Willard, Debra A. 0000-0003-4878-0942","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4878-0942","contributorId":85982,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Willard","given":"Debra A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455711,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bernhardt, C.E.","contributorId":65554,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bernhardt","given":"C.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455710,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70034333,"text":"70034333 - 2011 - Bed morphology, flow structure, and sediment transport at the outlet of Lake Huron and in the upper St. Clair River","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-22T16:16:43.801104","indexId":"70034333","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2330,"text":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Bed morphology, flow structure, and sediment transport at the outlet of Lake Huron and in the upper St. Clair River","docAbstract":"An integrated multibeam echo sounder and acoustic Doppler current profiler field survey was conducted in July 2008 to investigate the morphodynamics of the St. Clair River at the outlet of Lake Huron. The principal morphological features of the upper St. Clair River included flow-transverse bedforms that appear weakly mobile, erosive bedforms in cohesive muds, thin non-cohesive veneers of weakly mobile sediment that cover an underlying cohesive (till or glacio-lacustrine) surface, and vegetation that covers the bed. The flow was characterized by acceleration as the banks constrict from Lake Huron into the St. Clair River, an approximately 1500-m long region of flow separation downstream from the Blue Water Bridge, and secondary flow connected to: i) channel curvature; ii) forcing of the flow by local bed topography, and iii) flow wakes in the lee side of ship wrecks. Nearshore, sand-sized, sediment from Lake Huron was capable of being transported into, and principally along, the banks of the upper St. Clair River by the measured flow. A comparison of bathymetric surveys conducted in 2007 and 2008 identifies that the gravel bed does undergo slow downstream movement, but that this movement does not appear to be generated by the mean flow, and could possibly be caused by ship-propeller-induced turbulence. The study results suggest that the measured mean flow and dredging within the channel have not produced major scour of the upper St. Clair River and that the recent fall in the level of Lake Huron is unlikely to have been caused by these mechanisms.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jglr.2011.05.011","issn":"03801330","usgsCitation":"Czuba, J.A., Best, J., Oberg, K.A., Parsons, D., Jackson, P., Garcia, M., and Ashmore, P., 2011, Bed morphology, flow structure, and sediment transport at the outlet of Lake Huron and in the upper St. Clair River: Journal of Great Lakes Research, v. 37, no. 3, p. 480-493, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jglr.2011.05.011.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"480","endPage":"493","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":244850,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216948,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jglr.2011.05.011"}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan","otherGeospatial":"St. Clair River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -82.6556396484375,\n 42.791369723650135\n ],\n [\n -82.19970703125,\n 42.791369723650135\n ],\n [\n -82.19970703125,\n 43.141078106345866\n ],\n [\n -82.6556396484375,\n 43.141078106345866\n ],\n [\n -82.6556396484375,\n 42.791369723650135\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"37","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f03be4b0c8380cd4a67b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Czuba, J. A.","contributorId":98036,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Czuba","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445276,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Best, J.L.","contributorId":49635,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Best","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445272,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Oberg, K. A.","contributorId":67553,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oberg","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445273,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Parsons, D.R.","contributorId":84322,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parsons","given":"D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445275,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Jackson, P.R.","contributorId":68552,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jackson","given":"P.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445274,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Garcia, M.H.","contributorId":45079,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garcia","given":"M.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445271,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Ashmore, P.","contributorId":102300,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ashmore","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445277,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70034341,"text":"70034341 - 2011 - Patterns in young-of-year smallmouth bass microhabitat use in multiple stream segments with contrasting land uses","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-21T21:21:08.10111","indexId":"70034341","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1659,"text":"Fisheries Management and Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Patterns in young-of-year smallmouth bass microhabitat use in multiple stream segments with contrasting land uses","docAbstract":"Young‐of‐the‐year (YOY) smallmouth bass, Micropterus dolomieu Lacepéde, were evaluated in streams from eight catchments with two contrasting land uses to determine their use of microhabitats under a variety of stream conditions. Step‐wise discriminant function analyses revealed patterns of habitat use by discriminating used from available microhabitat conditions. Velocity was significant in 88% of streams sampled, whereas depth was significant in only the smallest stream in the forest‐dominated catchments and 75% of stream segments located in pasture‐dominated catchments. Mean velocities used by YOY bass were lower than available velocities, and mean depths used were greater than mean availability in all cases. Substrata varied significantly with availability in different stream segments. Error rates associated with classification ranged from 5 to 39%. Results indicate that YOY smallmouth bass are somewhat opportunistic, but use low‐velocity habitats in most cases and deeper water when streams are impacted by pasture land use and associated physical changes.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2400.2011.00806.x","issn":"0969997X","usgsCitation":"Brewer, S., 2011, Patterns in young-of-year smallmouth bass microhabitat use in multiple stream segments with contrasting land uses: Fisheries Management and Ecology, v. 18, no. 6, p. 506-512, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2400.2011.00806.x.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"506","endPage":"512","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":244497,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216616,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2400.2011.00806.x"}],"volume":"18","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-09-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a75c0e4b0c8380cd77d0d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brewer, S.K.","contributorId":34284,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brewer","given":"S.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445320,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70034348,"text":"70034348 - 2011 - Factors controlling the early stages of viral haemorrhagic septicaemia epizootics: Low exposure levels, virus amplification and fish-to-fish transmission","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-21T20:57:26.14567","indexId":"70034348","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2286,"text":"Journal of Fish Diseases","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Factors controlling the early stages of viral haemorrhagic septicaemia epizootics: Low exposure levels, virus amplification and fish-to-fish transmission","docAbstract":"Viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus, Genogroup IVa (VHSV), was highly infectious to Pacific herring, Clupea pallasii (Valenciennes), even at exposure doses occurring below the threshold of sensitivity for a standard viral plaque assay; however, further progression of the disease to a population‐level epizootic required viral amplification and effective fish‐to‐fish transmission. Among groups of herring injected with VHSV, the prevalence of infection was dose‐dependent, ranging from 100%, 75% and 38% after exposure to 19, 0.7 and 0.07 plaque‐forming units (PFU)/fish, respectively. Among Pacific herring exposed to waterborne VHSV (140 PFU mL−1), the prevalence of infection, geometric mean viral tissue titre and cumulative mortality were greater among cohabitated herring than among cohorts that were held in individual aquaria, where fish‐to‐fish transmission was prevented. Fish‐to‐fish transmission among cohabitated herring probably occurred via exposure to shed virus which peaked at 680 PFU mL−1; shed virus was not detected in the tank water from any isolated individuals. The results provide insights into mechanisms that initiate epizootic cascades in populations of wild herring and have implications for the design of VHSV surveys in wild fish populations.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2761.2011.01305.x","issn":"01407775","usgsCitation":"Hershberger, P., Gregg, J., Grady, C., Hart, L., Roon, S., and Winton, J., 2011, Factors controlling the early stages of viral haemorrhagic septicaemia epizootics: Low exposure levels, virus amplification and fish-to-fish transmission: Journal of Fish Diseases, v. 34, no. 12, p. 893-899, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2761.2011.01305.x.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"893","endPage":"899","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":244591,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216705,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2761.2011.01305.x"}],"volume":"34","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-10-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0ebde4b0c8380cd535d4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hershberger, P.K. 0000-0002-2261-7760","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2261-7760","contributorId":58818,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hershberger","given":"P.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445351,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gregg, J.L.","contributorId":78521,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gregg","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445352,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Grady, C.A.","contributorId":7929,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grady","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445348,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hart, L.M.","contributorId":44008,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hart","given":"L.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445350,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Roon, S.R.","contributorId":36779,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roon","given":"S.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445349,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Winton, J. R. 0000-0002-3505-5509","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3505-5509","contributorId":82441,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winton","given":"J. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445353,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70036165,"text":"70036165 - 2011 - Long-term patterns and short-term dynamics of stream solutes and suspended sediment in a rapidly weathering tropical watershed","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-26T20:14:42.384791","indexId":"70036165","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Long-term patterns and short-term dynamics of stream solutes and suspended sediment in a rapidly weathering tropical watershed","docAbstract":"The 326 ha Río Icacos watershed in the tropical wet forest of the Luquillo Mountains, northeastern Puerto Rico, is underlain by granodiorite bedrock with weathering rates among the highest in the world. We pooled stream chemistry and total suspended sediment (TSS) data sets from three discrete periods: 1983–1987, 1991–1997, and 2000–2008. During this period three major hurricanes crossed the site: Hugo in 1989, Hortense in 1996, and Georges in 1998. Stream chemistry reflects sea salt inputs (Na, Cl, and SO4), and high weathering rates of the granodiorite (Ca, Mg, Si, and alkalinity). During rainfall, stream composition shifts toward that of precipitation, diluting 90% or more in the largest storms, but maintains a biogeochemical watershed signal marked by elevated K and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration. DOC exhibits an unusual “boomerang” pattern, initially increasing with flow but then decreasing at the highest flows as it becomes depleted and/or vigorous overland flow minimizes contact with watershed surfaces. TSS increased markedly with discharge (power function slope 1.54), reflecting the erosive power of large storms in a landslide‐prone landscape. The relations of TSS and most solute concentrations with stream discharge were stable through time, suggesting minimal long‐term effects from repeated hurricane disturbance. Nitrate concentration, however, increased about threefold in response to hurricanes then returned to baseline over several years following a pseudo first‐order decay pattern. The combined data sets provide insight about important hydrologic pathways, a long‐term perspective to assess response to hurricanes, and a framework to evaluate future climate change in tropical ecosystems.
","largerWorkTitle":"Water Resources Research","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2010WR009788","issn":"00431397","usgsCitation":"Shanley, J.B., McDowell, W.H., and Stallard, R.F., 2011, Long-term patterns and short-term dynamics of stream solutes and suspended sediment in a rapidly weathering tropical watershed: Water Resources Research, v. 47, no. 7, W07515, 11 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2010WR009788.","productDescription":"W07515, 11 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":246302,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":218303,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2010WR009788"}],"country":"United States","state":"Puerto Rico","otherGeospatial":"Río Icacos watershed","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -65.88775634765625,\n 18.21761162872689\n ],\n [\n -65.6982421875,\n 18.21761162872689\n ],\n [\n -65.6982421875,\n 18.35582895074145\n ],\n [\n -65.88775634765625,\n 18.35582895074145\n ],\n [\n -65.88775634765625,\n 18.21761162872689\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"47","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a499fe4b0c8380cd68772","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shanley, James B. 0000-0002-4234-3437 jshanley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4234-3437","contributorId":1953,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shanley","given":"James","email":"jshanley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":405,"text":"NH/VT office of New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":454524,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McDowell, W. H.","contributorId":88532,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McDowell","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454525,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stallard, Robert F. 0000-0001-8209-7608 stallard@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8209-7608","contributorId":1924,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stallard","given":"Robert","email":"stallard@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":454523,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70036362,"text":"70036362 - 2011 - In situ measurements of post-fire debris flows in southern California: Comparisons of the timing and magnitude of 24 debris-flow events with rainfall and soil moisture conditions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:07","indexId":"70036362","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2318,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research F: Earth Surface","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"In situ measurements of post-fire debris flows in southern California: Comparisons of the timing and magnitude of 24 debris-flow events with rainfall and soil moisture conditions","docAbstract":"Debris flows often occur in burned steeplands of southern California, sometimes causing property damage and loss of life. In an effort to better understand the hydrologic controls on post-fire debris-flow initiation, timing and magnitude, we measured the flow stage, rainfall, channel bed pore fluid pressure and hillslope soil-moisture accompanying 24 debris flows recorded in five different watersheds burned in the 2009 Station and Jesusita Fires (San Gabriel and Santa Ynez Mountains). The measurements show substantial differences in debris-flow dynamics between sites and between sequential events at the same site. Despite these differences, the timing and magnitude of all events were consistently associated with local peaks in short duration (< = 30 min) rainfall intensity. Overall, debris-flow stage was best cross-correlated with time series of 5-min rainfall intensity, and lagged the rainfall by an average of just 5 min. An index of debris-flow volume was also best correlated with short-duration rainfall intensity, but found to be poorly correlated with storm cumulative rainfall and hillslope soil water content. Post-event observations of erosion and slope stability modeling suggest that the debris flows initiated primarily by processes related to surface water runoff, rather than shallow landslides. By identifying the storm characteristics most closely associated with post-fire debris flows, these measurements provide valuable guidance for warning operations and important constraints for developing and testing models of post-fire debris flows. copyright. 2011 by the American Geophysical Union.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research F: Earth Surface","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2011JF002005","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Kean, J., Staley, D., and Cannon, S., 2011, In situ measurements of post-fire debris flows in southern California: Comparisons of the timing and magnitude of 24 debris-flow events with rainfall and soil moisture conditions: Journal of Geophysical Research F: Earth Surface, v. 116, no. 4, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JF002005.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":218436,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2011JF002005"},{"id":246444,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"116","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-11-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a39a6e4b0c8380cd619c3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kean, J. W. 0000-0003-3089-0369","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3089-0369","contributorId":71679,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kean","given":"J. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455736,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Staley, D.M.","contributorId":17851,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Staley","given":"D.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455734,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cannon, S.H.","contributorId":38154,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cannon","given":"S.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455735,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70034351,"text":"70034351 - 2011 - Simulation of branched serial first-order decay of atrazine and metabolites in adapted and nonadapted soils","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-27T14:37:52.160923","indexId":"70034351","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Simulation of branched serial first-order decay of atrazine and metabolites in adapted and nonadapted soils","docAbstract":"In the present study a branched serial first‐order decay (BSFOD) model is presented and used to derive transformation rates describing the decay of a common herbicide, atrazine, and its metabolites observed in unsaturated soils adapted to previous atrazine applications and in soils with no history of atrazine applications. Calibration of BSFOD models for soils throughout the country can reduce the uncertainty, relative to that of traditional models, in predicting the fate and transport of pesticides and their metabolites and thus support improved agricultural management schemes for reducing threats to the environment. Results from application of the BSFOD model to better understand the degradation of atrazine supports two previously reported conclusions: atrazine (6‐chloro‐N‐ethyl‐N′‐(1‐methylethyl)‐1,3,5‐triazine‐2,4‐diamine) and its primary metabolites are less persistent in adapted soils than in nonadapted soils; and hydroxyatrazine was the dominant primary metabolite in most of the soils tested. In addition, a method to simulate BSFOD in a one‐dimensional solute‐transport unsaturated zone model is also presented.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/etc.597","usgsCitation":"Webb, R.M., Sandstrom, M.W., Krutz, L., and Shaner, D., 2011, Simulation of branched serial first-order decay of atrazine and metabolites in adapted and nonadapted soils: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 30, no. 9, p. 1973-1981, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.597.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"1973","endPage":"1981","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":452,"text":"National Water Quality Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":244656,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"30","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-09-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9014e4b08c986b3192e5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Webb, R. M.","contributorId":97065,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Webb","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sandstrom, Mark W. 0000-0003-0006-5675 sandstro@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0006-5675","contributorId":706,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sandstrom","given":"Mark","email":"sandstro@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":37464,"text":"WMA - Laboratory & Analytical Services Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":452,"text":"National Water Quality Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5046,"text":"Branch of Analytical Serv (NWQL)","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":445366,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Krutz, L.J.","contributorId":22605,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krutz","given":"L.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445365,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Shaner, D. L.","contributorId":70215,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shaner","given":"D. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445367,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ]}