Paleohydrologic reconstructions of water-year streamflow for 105 sites across the western United States (West) were used to compute the likelihood (risk) of regime (wet/dry state) shifts given the length of time in a specific regime and for a specified time in the future. The spatial variability of risks was examined and indicates that regime shift risks are variable across the West. The Pacific-Northwest region is associated with low risks of regime shifts, indicating persistence controlled by prevalent low frequency variability in flow (periods above 64 years). Other areas in the West indicate higher risks compared to the Pacific-Northwest due to flow variability in the mid-to-high frequencies (periods of 32 to 16 years). Understanding risks of regime shifts provides critical information for improved management of water supplies, particularly during periods of extended low flows. The method presented here has global applicability as a decision-making framework for risk-based planning and management.
The U.S. Geological Survey, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the European Association for Remote Sensing Companies, and the European Space Agency in coordination with the GEOValue Community hosted a side event to the Group on Earth Observations Plenary on October 23–24, 2017, in Washington, D.C. The workshop, entitled “Demonstrating the Value of Earth Observations: Methods, Practical Applications and Solutions,” brought together more than 60 international experts including economists, scientists, and engineers to consider the state of the science and applications of valuing Earth observations (EO).
This 2-day workshop built upon previous activities developed under the GEOValue initiative. This workshop brought together expert analysts from multiple disciplines and backgrounds who are developing methods to identify and measure the value of information generated from the use of satellite and in-situ data. The mix of government agencies, international financial institutions, and independent consultants who participated in the workshop blended to develop a rich mix of views, approaches, and outcomes.
During the first part of the workshop, the focus was on the latest science in valuing EO. A number of methodologies were described. Approaches generally assess the societal benefits of specific actions (for example, investments in EO). Some methods focus on broad measures of economic activity (for example, gross domestic product) or methods to assess total economic value such as contingent valuation surveys. Alternatively, use-case approaches (a use case is defined as an evaluation in which one or more decisions, applications, or other uses of data, information, and information products are specifically considered) start with the specific actions and how information is used to support decision making and affect outcomes.
The second part of the meeting was focused on the use and development of value chains and decision trees. A value chain can be defined as the set of value-adding activities that one or more organizations perform in creating and distributing goods and services. In terms of EO, the value chain approach can be applied to consider societal benefits of the data and assess the value of data and data features. The EO value chain considers the geospatial data sources and the processing of the data into value added information to be incorporated into decision-support systems, leading to decision makers’ actions. To understand the value of EO, one would also need to recognize the demand side of the equation or how EO benefits users. Extending the value chain concept and incorporating tenets of Bayesian decision making, a decision tree would include one or more use cases. The value provided by the marginal increase in information could flow from one or several parts of the supply side of the value chain. The decision tree is based on the premise that information has no value if it is not used in at least one decision. By connecting the value chain and the decision tree, a framework is created that allows for conceptualizing the value of EO in its many uses. One can then apply economic techniques to monetize the marginal benefit of an outcome with information versus one without.
A third part of the meeting applied the value chain and decision-tree frameworks to five specific thematic areas, each with the focus of using information for a decision point:
During the working session, five separate groups worked to define and delineate the value chains and decision trees associated with each topic, discussing the related challenges and data needs. The outcomes were reported back to the full group. Because of the complexity of the topics, most groups first identified a network of value chains and then narrowed the scope to develop a single value chain to address their group’s topic. Although they worked separately and on different topics, the groups came to similar conclusions, concurring that the value chain and decision-tree frameworks are very effective for informing quantitative impact assessments and developing a relatable narrative to assist the public in understanding the link between EO and citizens.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20191033","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, FourBridges, European Space Agency, and European Association of Remote Sensing Companies","usgsCitation":"Pearlman, F., Lawrence, C.B., Pindilli, E.J., Geppi, D., Shapiro, C.D., Grasso, M., Pearlman, J., Adkins, J., Sawyer, G., and Tassa, A., 2019, Demonstrating the value of Earth observations—Methods, practical applications, and solutions—Group on Earth Observations side event proceedings: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2019–1033, 33 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20191033.","productDescription":"vi, 33 p.","numberOfPages":"44","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-102614","costCenters":[{"id":554,"text":"Science and Decisions Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":363044,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2019/1033/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":363045,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2019/1033/ofr20191033.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.22 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2019-1033"}],"contact":"Science and Decisions Center
U.S. Geological Survey
913 National Center
12201 Sunrise Valley Drive
Reston, VA 20192
Email: gs_emeh_sdc@usgs.gov
The tropics are a region encircling the equator, delineated to the north by the Tropic of Cancer (23°26′14.0″N) and to the south by the Tropic of Capricorn (23°26′14.0″S). While we often think of the tropics as consistently warm and wet throughout the year, in reality, the tropics maintain a myriad of climates. Of the 116 Holdridge life zones (a global bioclimatic classification scheme), the tropics contain more life zones than the sum of all the planet's other geographic regions combined (Holdridge, 1967). In addition to high climatic diversity, the tropics support a wide range of parent materials, landforms, geomorphic characteristics, and soil ages, and maintain all 12 soil types of the USDA soil taxonomy system (Palm et al., 2007; Porder et al., 2007; Quesada et al., 2010; Richter and Babbar, 1991; Sanchez, 1977; Soil Survey Staff, 2006; Townsend et al., 2008). Accordingly, there is no single representative tropical ecosystem. Given the diversity of tropical biomes, this chapter will focus specifically on tropical forested ecosystems and their responses to warming because of their global importance, potential sensitivity to change, and the fact that an improved understanding of how these ecosystems may respond to warmer climate conditions is of significant importance to ecology and society. Furthermore, while generally considering all tropical forest types, emphasis in this chapter is on the humid tropics for which we have most data.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecosystem consequences of soil warming: Microbes, vegetation, fauna and soil biogeochemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/B978-0-12-813493-1.00015-6","usgsCitation":"Wood, T.E., Cavaleri, M., Giardina, C.P., Khan, S., Mohan, J., Nottingham, A.T., Reed, S., and Slot, M., 2019, Soil warming effects on tropical forests with highly weathered soils, chap. 14 of Ecosystem consequences of soil warming: Microbes, vegetation, fauna and soil biogeochemistry, p. 385-439, https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-813493-1.00015-6.","productDescription":"55 p.","startPage":"385","endPage":"439","ipdsId":"IP-102016","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":389955,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wood, Tana E.","contributorId":197805,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wood","given":"Tana","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":824198,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cavaleri, Molly A.","contributorId":67381,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cavaleri","given":"Molly A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":824199,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Giardina, Christian P. 0000-0002-3431-5073","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3431-5073","contributorId":182695,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Giardina","given":"Christian","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":824200,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Khan, Shafkat","contributorId":266048,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Khan","given":"Shafkat","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":824201,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mohan, Jacqueline","contributorId":62924,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mohan","given":"Jacqueline","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":824202,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Nottingham, Andrew T.","contributorId":266049,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nottingham","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":824203,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Reed, Sasha C. 0000-0002-8597-8619","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8597-8619","contributorId":205372,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reed","given":"Sasha C.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":824204,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Slot, Martijn","contributorId":266050,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Slot","given":"Martijn","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":824205,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70203199,"text":"70203199 - 2019 - Evaluating and using existing models to map probable suitable habitat for rare plants to inform management of multiple-use public lands in the California desert","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-04-29T08:53:31","indexId":"70203199","displayToPublicDate":"2019-04-19T08:53:00","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2980,"text":"PLoS ONE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluating and using existing models to map probable suitable habitat for rare plants to inform management of multiple-use public lands in the California desert","docAbstract":"Multiple-use public lands require balancing diverse resource uses and values across landscapes. In the California desert, there is strong interest in renewable energy development and important conservation concerns. The Bureau of Land Management recently completed a land-use plan for the area that provides protection for modeled suitable habitat for multiple rare plants. Three sets of habitat models were commissioned for plants of conservation concern as part of the planning effort. The Bureau of Land Management then needed to determine which model or combination of models to use to implement plan requirements. Our goals were to: 1) develop a process for evaluating the existing habitat models and 2) use the evaluation results to map probable and potential suitable habitat. We developed a method for evaluating the construction (input data and methods) and performance of existing models and applied it to 88 habitat models for 43 rare plant species. We also developed a process for mapping probable and potential suitable habitat based on the existing models; potential habitat maps are intended only to guide future field surveys. We were able to map probable suitable habitat for 26 of the 43 species and potential suitable habitat for 41 species. Forty percent of the project area contains probable suitable habitat for at least one species (43,338 km2), with much of that habitat (43%) occurring on lands managed by the Bureau of Land Management. Lands prioritized for renewable energy development contain 3% of the habitat modeled as suitable for at least one species. Our products can be used by agencies to review proposed projects and plan future plant surveys and by developers to target sites likely to minimize conflicts with rare plant conservation goals. Our methods can be broadly applied to understand and quantify the defensibility of models used in conservation and regulatory contexts.","language":"English","publisher":"PLoS ONE","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0214099","usgsCitation":"Reese, G., Carter, S.K., Lunch, C., and Walterscheid, S., 2019, Evaluating and using existing models to map probable suitable habitat for rare plants to inform management of multiple-use public lands in the California desert: PLoS ONE, v. 14, no. 4, 26 p., https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0214099.","productDescription":"26 p.","ipdsId":"IP-099792","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":467685,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0214099","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":437493,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9NDA9YC","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Probable and potential suitable habitat for 43 rare plant species in the California desert"},{"id":363287,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.27783203125,\n 31.87755764334002\n ],\n [\n -113.88427734374999,\n 31.87755764334002\n ],\n [\n -113.88427734374999,\n 38.22091976683121\n ],\n [\n -122.27783203125,\n 38.22091976683121\n ],\n [\n -122.27783203125,\n 31.87755764334002\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"14","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-04-19","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reese, Gordon 0000-0002-5191-7770 greese@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5191-7770","contributorId":215093,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reese","given":"Gordon","email":"greese@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":761613,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Carter, Sarah K. 0000-0003-3778-8615","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3778-8615","contributorId":192418,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carter","given":"Sarah","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":761612,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lunch, Christina","contributorId":215094,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lunch","given":"Christina","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7217,"text":"Bureau of Land Management","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":761614,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Walterscheid, Steve","contributorId":215095,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Walterscheid","given":"Steve","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7217,"text":"Bureau of Land Management","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":761615,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70202389,"text":"sir20185170 - 2019 - Drinking water health standards comparison and chemical analysis of groundwater for 72 domestic wells in Bradford County, Pennsylvania, 2016","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-06-12T10:00:24","indexId":"sir20185170","displayToPublicDate":"2019-04-19T08:45:00","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2018-5170","displayTitle":"Drinking Water Health Standards Comparison and Chemical Analysis of Groundwater for 72 Domestic Wells in Bradford County, Pennsylvania, 2016","title":"Drinking water health standards comparison and chemical analysis of groundwater for 72 domestic wells in Bradford County, Pennsylvania, 2016","docAbstract":"Pennsylvania has the second highest number of residential wells of any state in the Nation with approximately 2.4 million residents that depend on groundwater for their domestic water supply. Despite the widespread reliance on groundwater in rural areas of the state, publicly available data to characterize the quality of private well water are limited. In Bradford County, more than half of the residents use groundwater from private domestic-supply wells as their primary drinking source. The quality of private well water is influenced by the regional and local setting, including the surrounding soil, geology, land use, household plumbing, and well construction. The groundwater used for domestic water supply in Bradford County is obtained primarily from shallow bedrock and from unconsolidated (glacial) deposits that overlie the bedrock. Historical land use has been predominately forested, agricultural, and residential, but more recently unconventional oil/gas development has been distributed throughout the landscape. Pennsylvania is one of only two states in the Nation without statewide water-well construction standards.
To better assess the quality of groundwater used for drinking water supply in Bradford County, data for 72 domestic wells were collected and analyzed for a wide range of constituents that could be evaluated in relation to drinking water health standards, geology, land use, and other environmental factors. Groundwater samples were collected from May through August 2016 and analyzed for physical and chemical properties, including major ions, nutrients, trace elements, volatile organic compounds, ethylene and propylene glycol, alcohols, gross-alpha/beta-particle activity, uranium, radon-222, and dissolved gases. A subset of samples was analyzed for radium isotopes (radium-226 and -228) and for the isotopic composition of methane. This study was conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the Northern Tier Regional Planning and Development Commission and is part of a regional effort to characterize groundwater in rural areas of Pennsylvania.
Results of the 2016 study show that groundwater quality generally met most drinking-water standards. However, a percentage of samples failed to meet maximum contaminant levels (MCLs) for total coliform bacteria (49.3 percent), Escherichia coli (8.5 percent), barium (2.8 percent), and arsenic (2.8 percent); and secondary maximum contaminant levels (SMCL) for sodium (48.6 percent), manganese (30.6 percent), gross alpha and beta activity (16.7 percent), iron (11.1 percent), pH (8.3 percent), total dissolved solids (5.6 percent), chloride (1.4 percent), and aluminum (1.4 percent). Radon-222 activities exceeded the proposed drinking-water standard of 300 picocuries per liter (pCi/L) in 70.4 percent of the samples. There were no exceedances of drinking water health standards for any volatile organic compounds, and the only detections were for three trihalomethanes in one sample.
The pH of the groundwater had a large influence on chemical characteristics and ranged from 6.18 to 9.31. Generally, the higher pH samples had higher potential for elevated concentrations of several constituents, including total dissolved solids, sodium, lithium, chloride, fluoride, boron, arsenic, and methane. For the Bradford County well-water samples, calcium/bicarbonate type waters were most abundant, with others classified as sodium/bicarbonate or mixed water types including calcium-sodium/bicarbonate, calcium-sodium/bicarbonate-chloride, sodium/bicarbonate-chloride, sodium/bicarbonate-sulfate, or sodium/chloride types. Six principal components (pH, redox, hardness, chloride-bromide, strontium-barium, and molybdenum-arsenic) explained nearly 78.3 percent of the variance in the groundwater dataset.
Groundwater from 12.5 percent of the wells had concentrations of methane greater than the Pennsylvania action level of 7 milligrams per liter (mg/L); detectable methane concentrations ranged from 0.01 to 77 mg/L. In addition, low levels of ethane (as much as 0.13 mg/L) were present in seven samples with the highest methane concentrations. The isotopic composition of methane in five of these groundwater samples was consistent with the isotopic compositions reported for mud-gas logging samples from these geologic units and a thermogenic source. Isotopic composition from a sixth sample suggested the methane in that sample may be of microbial origin. Well-water samples with the higher methane concentrations also had higher pH values and elevated concentrations of sodium, lithium, boron, fluoride, arsenic, and bromide. Relatively elevated concentrations of some other constituents, such as barium and chloride, commonly were present in, but not limited to, those well-water samples with elevated methane.
Four of the six groundwater samples with the highest methane concentrations had chloride/bromide ratios that indicate mixing with a small amount of brine (0.02 percent or less) similar in composition to those reported for gas and oil well brines in Pennsylvania. In several other eastern Pennsylvania counties where gas drilling is absent, groundwater with comparable chloride/bromide ratios and chloride concentrations have been reported, implying a potential natural source of brine. Most of Bradford County well-water samples have chloride concentrations less than 20 mg/L, and those with higher chloride concentrations have chloride/bromide ratios that indicate anthropogenic sources (such as road-deicing salt and septic effluent) or brine. Brines that are naturally present may originate from deeper parts of the aquifer system, whereas anthropogenic sources are more likely to affect shallow groundwater because they occur on or near the land surface.
The available data for this study indicate that no one physical factor, such as the topographic setting, well depth, or altitude at the bottom of the well, was particularly useful for predicting those well locations with an elevated dissolved concentration of methane. The 2016 assessment of groundwater quality in Bradford County shows groundwater is generally of good quality, but methane and some constituents that occur in high concentration in naturally occurring brine and also in produced waters may be present at low to moderate concentrations in groundwater in various parts of the aquifer.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20185170","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Northern Tier Regional Planning and Development Commission","usgsCitation":"Clune, J.W., and Cravotta, C.A., III, 2019, Drinking water health standards comparison and chemical analysis of groundwater for 72 domestic wells in Bradford County, Pennsylvania, 2016 (ver 1.2, May 30, 2019): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2018–5170, 66 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20185170.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 66 p.; Data Release","numberOfPages":"76","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-098593","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":363039,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2018/5170/coverthb4.jpg"},{"id":363132,"rank":4,"type":{"id":25,"text":"Version History"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2018/5170/versionHist.txt","text":"Version History","size":"1.24 KB","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"}},{"id":363047,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9VRV6US","text":"USGS data release","description":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Compilation of Data Not Available in the National Water Information System for Domestic Wells Sampled by the U.S. Geological Survey in Bradford County, Pennsylvania, May-August 2016"},{"id":363040,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2018/5170/sir20185170.pdf","text":"Report","size":"8.01 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2018-5170"}],"country":"United States","state":"Pennsylvania","county":"Bradford County ","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-76.9291,42.0024],[-76.9095,42.0025],[-76.8966,42.0026],[-76.6476,42.0019],[-76.6334,42.0017],[-76.5964,42.0013],[-76.5618,42.0009],[-76.5531,42.0008],[-76.5229,42.0005],[-76.466,41.9999],[-76.3826,41.9989],[-76.1467,41.9991],[-76.1382,41.898],[-76.1336,41.8467],[-76.1285,41.7935],[-76.1258,41.773],[-76.1219,41.7217],[-76.1171,41.6531],[-76.1959,41.648],[-76.1996,41.6467],[-76.2015,41.6435],[-76.2015,41.6426],[-76.2015,41.6408],[-76.2016,41.6353],[-76.2016,41.6344],[-76.2023,41.6335],[-76.2029,41.6322],[-76.2063,41.6145],[-76.209,41.6004],[-76.2091,41.5982],[-76.2184,41.5579],[-76.2217,41.5447],[-76.2383,41.5458],[-76.2432,41.5463],[-76.2487,41.5468],[-76.3277,41.5526],[-76.4454,41.5608],[-76.5,41.5649],[-76.5975,41.5715],[-76.6367,41.5745],[-76.6478,41.5755],[-76.6619,41.5765],[-76.679,41.578],[-76.6938,41.579],[-76.6993,41.5795],[-76.7496,41.5834],[-76.7569,41.5839],[-76.787,41.5872],[-76.7949,41.5882],[-76.8005,41.5887],[-76.8103,41.5896],[-76.8133,41.5901],[-76.8219,41.5911],[-76.8379,41.593],[-76.8747,41.5968],[-76.8747,41.599],[-76.8805,41.6363],[-76.8833,41.6681],[-76.8838,41.6717],[-76.885,41.6781],[-76.8873,41.6999],[-76.8907,41.7267],[-76.8936,41.7503],[-76.8976,41.783],[-76.8987,41.8007],[-76.8993,41.808],[-76.9022,41.8248],[-76.9022,41.8257],[-76.9051,41.8466],[-76.9162,41.918],[-76.9209,41.9507],[-76.9238,41.9711],[-76.9291,42.0024]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Bradford\",\"state\":\"PA\"}}]}","edition":"Version 1.2: May 30, 2019; Version 1.1: April 23, 2019; Version 1.0: April 19, 2019","contact":"Director, Pennsylvania Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
215 Limekiln Road
New Cumberland, PA 17070
Fire is a necessary ecosystem process in many biomes and is best viewed as a natural disturbance that is beneficial to ecosystem functioning. However, increasingly we are seeing human interference in fire regimes that alter the historical range of variability for most fire parameters and result in vegetation shifts. Such perturbations can affect all fire regime parameters. Here we provide a brief overview of examples where anthropogenically driven changes in fire frequency, fire pattern, fuels consumed and fire intensity constitute perturbations that greatly disrupt natural disturbance cycles. These changes are not due to fire per se but rather anthropogenic perturbations in the natural disturbance regime.
","language":"English","publisher":"CSIRO Publishing","doi":"10.1071/WF18203","usgsCitation":"Keeley, J., and Pausas, J.G., 2019, Distinguishing disturbance from perturbations in fire-prone ecosystems: International Journal of Wildland Fire, v. 28, no. 4, p. 282-287, https://doi.org/10.1071/WF18203.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"282","endPage":"287","ipdsId":"IP-101725","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":467687,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1071/wf18203","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":364966,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"28","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Keeley, Jon 0000-0002-4564-6521","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4564-6521","contributorId":208184,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Keeley","given":"Jon","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":764962,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pausas, Juli G.","contributorId":91347,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pausas","given":"Juli","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":764963,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70202394,"text":"fs20193008 - 2019 - Landsat 9","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-03T22:06:00.386184","indexId":"fs20193008","displayToPublicDate":"2019-04-18T14:47:27","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2019-3008","displayTitle":"Landsat 9","title":"Landsat 9","docAbstract":"Landsat 9 is a partnership between the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the U.S. Geological Survey that will continue the Landsat program’s critical role of repeat global observations for monitoring, understanding, and managing Earth’s natural resources. Since 1972, Landsat data have provided a unique resource for those who work in agriculture, geology, forestry, regional planning, education, mapping, and global-change research. Landsat images have also proved invaluable to the International Charter: Space and Major Disasters, supporting emergency response and disaster relief to save lives. With the addition of Landsat 9, the Landsat program’s record of land imaging will be extended to over half a century.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20193008","usgsCitation":"U.S. Geological Survey, 2019, Landsat 9 (ver. 1.3, August 2022): U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2019–3008, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20193008.","productDescription":"2 p.","numberOfPages":"2","onlineOnly":"N","ipdsId":"IP-102185","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":363027,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2019/3008/coverthb4.jpg"},{"id":404567,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2019/3008/fs20193008.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.17 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"FS 2019–3008"},{"id":404568,"rank":3,"type":{"id":25,"text":"Version History"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2019/3008/versionHist.txt","text":"Version History","size":"8.43 kB","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"},"description":"Version History"}],"edition":"Version 1.0: April 18, 2019; Version 1.1: May 1, 2019; Version 1.2: April 8, 2020; Version 1.3: August 3, 2022","contact":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center
U.S. Geological Survey
47914 252nd Street
Sioux Falls, SD 57198
Historical training and operational activities at Joint Base Cape Cod (JBCC) on western Cape Cod, Massachusetts, have resulted in the release of contaminants into an underlying glacial aquifer that is the sole source of water to the surrounding communities. Remedial systems have been installed to contain and remove contamination from the aquifer. Groundwater withdrawals for public supply are expected to increase as the region continues to urbanize. Increases in water-supply withdrawals and wastewater return flow likely will affect the hydrologic system around JBCC and could affect the transport of any contamination that may remain in the aquifer following remediation of contamination from the JBCC. The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Air Force Civil Engineer Center, developed a numerical, steady-state regional model of the Sagamore flow lens on western Cape Cod and evaluated the potential effects of future (2030) groundwater withdrawals on water levels, streamflows, hydraulic gradients, and advective transport near the JBCC.
The aquifer consists generally of sandy sediments underlain by impermeable bedrock and is bounded laterally by a freshwater/saltwater interface. Data on the altitude of the bedrock surface, position of the freshwater/saltwater interface, lithology of the aquifer, spatial distribution of recharge, and hydrologic boundaries were incorporated into the three-dimensional, finite-difference groundwater flow model.
Some inputs into the numerical model—aquifer properties, leakances, and recharge—are represented as parameters to facilitate estimation of optimal parameter values in an inverse calibration. A hybrid parameterization scheme, with both zones of piecewise constancy and pilot points, is used to represent hydraulic conductivity; other adjustable parameters include recharge, boundary leakance, and porosity. Data on water levels, the distribution of subsurface contamination, and groundwater ages were compiled, evaluated, and used to develop observations of long-term average hydraulic gradients and advective-transport patterns. These observations of steady-state hydrologic conditions were combined with the parameterized groundwater model in an inverse calibration to estimate model parameters that best fit the observations.
Current (2010) and future (2030) conditions were simulated in the calibrated model to characterize the groundwater flow system and to determine potential effects of increased groundwater withdrawals on advective-transport patterns at the JBCC. Groundwater flow and advective transport are radially outward from a water-table divide in the northern part of the JBCC; flow diverges from the divide toward all points of the compass. Most groundwater flow and contaminant transport occur in shallow parts of the aquifer. On average, about one-half of the groundwater flux occurs in the shallowest 20 percent of the saturated thickness; shallow flow is even more predominant near streams and lakes. Projected (2030) increases in groundwater withdrawals decrease water levels by a maximum of about 1.2 feet in the northern part of the JBCC; drawdowns exceeding 1 foot generally are limited to areas near the largest increases in withdrawals, such as in the northern part of the JBCC, near Long Pond in Falmouth, and in eastern Barnstable. Streamflow decreases average about 6 percent; the largest decreases are in areas with the largest drawdowns. Changes in hydraulic-gradient directions at the water table exceed 1 degree in about 13 percent of the aquifer, generally near groundwater divides where gradient magnitudes are small and near large groundwater withdrawals. Predictions of advective transport from randomly selected locations at the water table are similar for current (2010) and future (2030) groundwater withdrawals. The results indicate that projected increases in groundwater withdrawals affect water levels and streamflows, but effects on hydraulic gradients and advective transport at the JBCC likely are small.
Several underlying assumptions inherent in the model, including observations and weights used in the calibration, representation of local-scale heterogeneity, and simulation of the freshwater/saltwater interface, could affect model calibration and predictions; these assumptions were evaluated with alternative models and alternative inverse calibrations. Eight alternative calibrations were performed in which different, but reasonable, observations and weights were used. The preferred calibrated model had the best overall fit to the observations.
Fine-grained silty sediments occur in many parts of the aquifer, and silt lenses can locally affect hydraulic gradients. A set of alternative models in which silts were represented with different correlation distances and hydraulic conductivities indicated that explicitly representing silt lenses could affect model calibration but that the implicit representation of local-scale heterogeneity may be sufficient at the regional scale to represent regional-scale hydraulic gradients. For the coastal boundary, two alternative models representing silty and sandy seabeds and their associated interface positions were developed to test the importance of the assumed coastal-boundary condition. The two alternative models resulted in different predictions of streamflow—streamflows increase with smaller (silty) seabed leakances. However, predictions of advective transport, particularly near the JBCC, generally were similar between the alternative and preferred calibrated models, indicating that the seabed leakance and associated interface position at the coastal boundary does not affect simulations of advective transport in inland parts of the aquifer.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20185139","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Air Force Civil Engineer Center","usgsCitation":"Walter, D.A., McCobb, T.D., and Fienen, M.N., 2019, Use of a numerical model to simulate the hydrologic system and transport of contaminants near Joint Base Cape Cod, western Cape Cod, Massachusetts: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2018–5139, 98 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20185139.","productDescription":"Report: xi, 98 p.; Data Release","numberOfPages":"114","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-077209","costCenters":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":362939,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F77P8XCT ","text":"USGS data release ","description":"USGS data release ","linkHelpText":"MODFLOW–2005 and MODPATH Used to Simulate the Hydrologic System and Transport of Contaminants Near Joint Base Cape Cod, Western Cape Cod, Massachusetts"},{"id":437495,"rank":4,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F77P8XCT","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"MODFLOW2005 and MODPATH used to simulate the hydrologic system and transport contaminants near Joint Base Cape Cod, Western Cape Cod, Massachusetts"},{"id":362937,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2018/5139/coverthb2.jpg"},{"id":362938,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2018/5139/sir20185139.pdf","text":"Report","size":"43.8 MB ","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2018-5139"}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts","otherGeospatial":"Cape Cod","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -71.026611328125,\n 41.21172151054787\n ],\n [\n -69.840087890625,\n 41.21172151054787\n ],\n [\n -69.840087890625,\n 42.21224516288584\n ],\n [\n -71.026611328125,\n 42.21224516288584\n ],\n [\n -71.026611328125,\n 41.21172151054787\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, New England Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
331 Commerce Way, Suite 2
Pembroke, NH 03275
Public and domestic water supplies in Elbert County, Colorado, rely on groundwater withdrawals from five bedrock aquifers in the Denver Basin aquifer system (lower Dawson, upper Dawson, Denver, Arapahoe, and Laramie-Fox Hills) to meet water demands. Increased pumping in response to regional population growth and development has led to declining groundwater levels in neighboring Douglas County. The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Elbert County Board of County Commissioners, began a study in 2015 to monitor groundwater levels within Elbert County. The purpose of this study is to report on groundwater levels measured between April 2015 and June 2018, and analyze trends and changes in groundwater-level elevations throughout the county.
Discrete groundwater levels were measured at 42 wells within Elbert County. Six of those wells contained equipment to make and record continuous groundwater-level measurements at hourly intervals. All five aquifers had wells with a rise in groundwater-level elevation and wells with a decline in groundwater-level elevation, based on a relative change in groundwater-level elevation between the April 2015 and April 2018 measurements. All aquifers except the upper Dawson had more wells with significant negative trends in discrete groundwater-level elevations than significant positive trends; however, at least one well within the upper Dawson, lower Dawson, Arapahoe, and Laramie-Fox Hills aquifers had a significant positive trend. Wells screened in the lower Dawson aquifer consistently had the most significant negative trends, with an average trend of −1.96 feet per year (ft/year). The upper Dawson, Denver, Arapahoe, and Laramie-Fox Hills aquifers had average trends of 0.03 ft/year, −1.04 ft/year, −0.46 ft/year, and −0.65 ft/year, respectively. Trends in continuous groundwater-level elevations were in agreement with significant trends in discrete groundwater-level elevations. Potentiometric-surface maps of the upper and lower Dawson aquifers for April 2015 and April 2018 show that differences in hydraulic head from the two measurement periods were greatest along the western part of Elbert County. Results of this study could guide future groundwater monitoring in the county and aid in long-term planning of water resources.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20195014","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Elbert County Board of County Commissioners","usgsCitation":"Penn, C.A., and Everett, R.R., 2019, Groundwater-level elevations in the Denver Basin bedrock aquifers of Elbert County, Colorado, 2015–18: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2019–5014, 50 p., \nhttps://doi.org/10.3133/sir20195014.","productDescription":"viii, 50 p.","numberOfPages":"62","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-100822","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":363023,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2019/5014/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":363024,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2019/5014/sir20195014.pdf","text":"Report","size":"11.8 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2019–5014"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","county":"Elbert County","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-103.7126,39.5649],[-103.713,39.4761],[-103.7135,39.3876],[-103.7138,39.3011],[-103.7136,39.2136],[-103.7145,39.1265],[-103.7211,39.1266],[-103.722,39.0401],[-103.7201,38.9503],[-103.7186,38.8655],[-103.8315,38.867],[-103.9414,38.8666],[-104.0549,38.8666],[-104.0544,38.9528],[-104.0538,39.0407],[-104.0521,39.1264],[-104.166,39.1277],[-104.2733,39.1278],[-104.3854,39.1284],[-104.4958,39.1298],[-104.6072,39.1307],[-104.6642,39.1308],[-104.6638,39.2165],[-104.664,39.3026],[-104.663,39.3892],[-104.6626,39.4762],[-104.6627,39.5665],[-104.6054,39.5663],[-104.5374,39.5655],[-104.4927,39.5636],[-104.4891,39.5636],[-104.4742,39.5629],[-104.3841,39.5627],[-104.3763,39.5631],[-104.2695,39.5639],[-104.2647,39.5638],[-104.1602,39.5646],[-104.1543,39.565],[-104.0468,39.5652],[-104.0427,39.5651],[-103.9305,39.5646],[-103.9293,39.5646],[-103.8189,39.5646],[-103.8129,39.5649],[-103.7126,39.5649]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Elbert\",\"state\":\"CO\"}}]}","contact":"Director, Colorado Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
Box 25046, MS 415
Denver, CO 80225
Identification of habitats responsible for the successful production and recruitment of rare migratory species is a challenge in conservation biology. Here, a tool was developed to assess life stage linkages for the threatened potamodromous cyprinid Clear Lake hitch Lavinia exilicauda chi. Clear Lake hitch undertake migrations from Clear Lake (Lake County, CA, USA) into ephemeral tributary streams for spawning. An aqueous isoscape of strontium isotopic ratios (87Sr/86Sr) was constructed for Clear Lake and its watershed to trace natal origins and migration histories of adult recruits. Aqueous 87Sr/86Sr differentiated Clear Lake from 8 of 10 key tributaries and clustered into 5 strontium isotope groups (SIGs) with 100% classification success. Otolith 87Sr/86Sr showed all five groups contributed variably to the population. The age at which juveniles migrated from natal streams to Clear Lake ranged from 11 to 152 days (mean ± s.d., 43 ± 34 days) and was positively associated with the permanency of natal habitat. This information can be used by resource managers to develop conservation actions for Clear Lake hitch. This study demonstrates the utility of strontium isotopes in otoliths as a tool to identify important freshwater habitats occupied over the lifespan of an individual that would otherwise be challenging or impossible to trace with other methods.
The uplift history of the Colorado Plateau has been debated for over a century with still no unified hypotheses for the cause, timing, and rate of uplift. 40Ar/39Ar and K/Ar dating of recurrent basaltic volcanism over the past ∼6 Ma within the Virgin River drainage system, southwest Utah, northwest Arizona, and southern Nevada, provides a way to reconstruct paleoprofiles and quantify differential river incision across the boundary faults of the Colorado Plateau–Basin and Range boundary. We compare differential incision data with patterns of channel steepness, bedrock erodibility, basaltic migration, and mantle velocity structure to understand the birth and evolution of the Virgin River system.
New detrital sanidine ages constrain the arrival of the Virgin River across the Virgin Mountains to less than 5.9 Ma. Virgin River incision rates and amounts show an eastward stair-step increase in bedrock incision across multiple N-S–trending normal faults. Using block incision values away from fault-related flexures, average bedrock incision rates are near zero since 4.6 Ma in the Lower Colorado River corridor, 23 m/Ma from 6.8 to 3.6 Ma in the Lake Mead block, 85 m/Ma from 3 to 0.4 Ma in the combined St. George and Hurricane blocks, and 338 m/Ma from 1 to 0.1 Ma in the Zion block. Steady incision within each block is documented by incision constraints that span these age ranges. We test two end-member hypotheses to explain the observed differential incision magnitudes and rates along the Virgin River system over the past ∼5 Ma: (1) as a measure of mantle-driven differential uplift of the Colorado Plateau relative to sea level; or (2) due to river integration across previously uplifted topography and differential rock types with down-dropping of Transition Zone blocks but no post–5 Ma uplift.
We favor headwater uplift of the Colorado Plateau because basalt-preserved paleoprofiles indicate that eastern fault blocks have been the “active” blocks that moved upwards relative to western blocks with little base-level change of the lower Colorado River corridor in the past 4.6 Ma. Block-to-block differential incision adds cumulatively such that the Zion block (Colorado Plateau edge) has been deeply incised 880–1200 m (∼338 m/Ma) over the 2.6–3.6 Ma period of Hurricane fault neotectonic movement, which has a slip magnitude of 1100 m. Mantle-driven uplift is implicated by a strong correlation throughout the Virgin River drainage between high normalized channel steepness (ksn) and low underlying mantle velocity, whereas there is a weaker correlation between high ksn and resistant lithologies. Basaltic volcanism has migrated northeastward at a rate of ∼18 km/Ma parallel to the Virgin River between ca. 13 and 0.5 Ma, also suggesting a mantle-driven mechanism for the combined epeirogenic uplift of the western Colorado Plateau, recurrent slip on its bounding faults, and headward propagation and differential incision of the Virgin River. Thus, we interpret the Virgin River to be a <5 Ma disequilibrium river system responding to ongoing upper-mantle modification and related basalt extraction that has driven ∼1 km of young (and ongoing) surface uplift of the western Colorado Plateau.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/GES02019.1","usgsCitation":"Walk, C., Karlstrom, K., Crow, R.S., and Heizler, M., 2019, Birth and evolution of the Virgin River fluvial system: ∼1 km of post–5 Ma uplift of the western Colorado Plateau: Geosphere, v. 15, no. 3, p. 759-782, https://doi.org/10.1130/GES02019.1.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"759","endPage":"782","ipdsId":"IP-102339","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":467690,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1130/ges02019.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":380958,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona, Nevada, Utah","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -115.927734375,\n 35.460669951495305\n ],\n [\n -111.6650390625,\n 35.460669951495305\n ],\n [\n -111.6650390625,\n 38.09998264736481\n ],\n [\n -115.927734375,\n 38.09998264736481\n ],\n [\n -115.927734375,\n 35.460669951495305\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"15","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-04-17","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Walk, Cory","contributorId":245362,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Walk","given":"Cory","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16658,"text":"UNM","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":806037,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Karlstrom, Karl","contributorId":245363,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Karlstrom","given":"Karl","affiliations":[{"id":16658,"text":"UNM","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":806038,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Crow, Ryan S. 0000-0002-2403-6361 rcrow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2403-6361","contributorId":5792,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crow","given":"Ryan","email":"rcrow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":806039,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Heizler, Matt","contributorId":245364,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Heizler","given":"Matt","affiliations":[{"id":7026,"text":"New Mexico Tech","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":806040,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70202826,"text":"fs20193015 - 2019 - Drought forecasting for streams and groundwaters in northeastern United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-04-22T10:24:12","indexId":"fs20193015","displayToPublicDate":"2019-04-17T14:00:00","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2019-3015","title":"Drought forecasting for streams and groundwaters in northeastern United States","docAbstract":"When rainfall is lower than normal over an extended period, streamflows decline, groundwater levels fall, and hydrological drought can occur. Droughts can reduce the water available for societal needs, such as public and private drinking-water supplies, farming, and industry, and for ecological health, such as maintenance of water quality and natural ecosystems. Recent droughts in the northeastern United States have highlighted the need for new scientific tools to forecast the probability of future droughts so water managers and the public can be better prepared for these events when they happen. Two recent U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) studies provide tools that can forecast the probabilities of summer droughts for streams and the probabilities of groundwater-level declines below specified targets or thresholds. These tools provide promising methods for identifying and anticipating probable streamflow and groundwater droughts specific to the northeastern United States. USGS Water Science Centers in the northeastern United States have acted together to use these methods for numerous streamflow gages and groundwater-level monitoring wells, and to make the results of the analyses available on the world wide web. This fact sheet describes the drought forecasting techniques used in a study to predict droughts for streamflow and groundwater in the northeastern United States.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20193015","usgsCitation":"Austin, S.H., and Dudley, R.W., 2019, Drought forecasting for streams and groundwaters in northeastern United States: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2019–3015, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20193015.","productDescription":"Document: 4 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-102976","costCenters":[{"id":37759,"text":"VA/WV Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":362991,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2019/3015/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":362992,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2019/3015/fs20193015.pdf","text":"Report","size":"7.67 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"FS 2019-3015"}],"country":"United States","state":"Connecticut, Delaware, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont, Virginia, West Virginia","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -80.88134765625,\n 36.06686213257888\n ],\n [\n -74.37744140625,\n 36.35052700542763\n ],\n [\n -72.4658203125,\n 40.51379915504413\n ],\n [\n -69.697265625,\n 41.42625319507269\n ],\n [\n -70.20263671875,\n 43.43696596521823\n ],\n [\n -66.5771484375,\n 44.62175409623324\n ],\n [\n -68.7744140625,\n 47.90161354142077\n ],\n [\n -80.88134765625,\n 42.52069952914966\n ],\n [\n -80.88134765625,\n 36.06686213257888\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Virginia and West Virginia Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
1730 East Parham Road
Richmond, VA 23228
Offshore permafrost plays a role in the global climate system, but observations of permafrost thickness, state, and composition are limited to specific regions. The current global permafrost map shows potential offshore permafrost distribution based on bathymetry and global sea level rise. As a first‐order estimate, we employ a heat transfer model to calculate the subsurface temperature field. Our model uses dynamic upper boundary conditions that synthesize Earth System Model air temperature, ice mass distribution and thickness, and global sea level reconstruction and applies globally distributed geothermal heat flux as a lower boundary condition. Sea level reconstruction accounts for differences between marine and terrestrial sedimentation history. Sediment composition and pore water salinity are integrated in the model. Model runs for 450 ka for cross‐shelf transects were used to initialize the model for circumarctic modeling for the past 50 ka. Preindustrial submarine permafrost (i.e., cryotic sediment), modeled at 12.5‐km spatial resolution, lies beneath almost 2.5 ×106km2 of the Arctic shelf. Our simple modeling approach results in estimates of distribution of cryotic sediment that are similar to the current global map and recent seismically delineated permafrost distributions for the Beaufort and Kara seas, suggesting that sea level is a first‐order determinant for submarine permafrost distribution. Ice content and sediment thermal conductivity are also important for determining rates of permafrost thickness change. The model provides a consistent circumarctic approach to map submarine permafrost and to estimate the dynamics of permafrost in the past.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2018JC014675","usgsCitation":"Overduin, P., Schneider, T., Miesner, F., Grigoriev, M., Ruppel, C.D., Vasiliev, A., Lantuit, H., Juhls, B., and Westermann, S., 2019, Submarine permafrost map in the arctic modelled using 1D transient heat flux (SuPerMAP): Journal of Geophysical Research C: Oceans, v. 124, no. 6, p. 3490-3507, https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JC014675.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"3490","endPage":"3507","ipdsId":"IP-102127","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":467691,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://hdl.handle.net/1912/24566","text":"External Repository"},{"id":364479,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Arctic shelf Regions","volume":"124","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":11,"text":"Pembroke PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-06-03","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Overduin, P.P.","contributorId":37927,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Overduin","given":"P.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":763797,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schneider, T.","contributorId":216061,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schneider","given":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":763798,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Miesner, F.","contributorId":216062,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Miesner","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":763799,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Grigoriev, M.N.","contributorId":64105,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grigoriev","given":"M.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":763800,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ruppel, Carolyn D. 0000-0003-2284-6632 cruppel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2284-6632","contributorId":195778,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruppel","given":"Carolyn","email":"cruppel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":763801,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Vasiliev, A.","contributorId":216063,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vasiliev","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":763802,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Lantuit, H.","contributorId":216064,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lantuit","given":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":763803,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Juhls, B.","contributorId":216065,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Juhls","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":763804,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Westermann, S.","contributorId":216066,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Westermann","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":763805,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70203113,"text":"70203113 - 2019 - Carbon dioxide enhanced oil recovery and residual oil zone studies at the U.S. Geological Survey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-01T10:23:33","indexId":"70203113","displayToPublicDate":"2019-04-17T10:23:23","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Carbon dioxide enhanced oil recovery and residual oil zone studies at the U.S. Geological Survey","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) is preparing a national resource assessment of the potential hydrocarbons recoverable after injection of carbon dioxide (CO2) into conventional oil reservoirs in the United States. The implementation of CO2-enhanced oil recovery (CO2-EOR) techniques can increase hydrocarbon production, and lead to incidental retention of CO2 in reservoir pore space allowing long-term storage of anthropogenic CO2. A Comprehensive Resource Database (CRD) containing proprietary data on location, geologic, petrophysical, and reservoir parameters, plus production and well counts for major oil and gas reservoirs in onshore areas and State waters of the conterminous United States and Alaska, was developed to support the USGS assessment. Residual oil zones (ROZs) also can provide potential pore space for long-term storage of anthropogenic CO2. However, ROZs are not included in the upcoming USGS national CO2-EOR assessment because assessment methods for ROZs still are being developed. Additional ROZ CO2-EOR and CO2 retention data and reservoir simulations are needed to calibrate national ROZ assessment estimates.
","conferenceTitle":"14th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies, GHGT-14","conferenceDate":"October 21-25, 2018","conferenceLocation":"Melbourne, Australia","language":"English","publisher":"Social Science Research Network (SSRN)","usgsCitation":"Warwick, P., Attanasi, E., Blondes, M., Brennan, S.T., Buursink, M., Doolan, C.A., Freeman, P., Jahediesfanjani, H., Karacan, C.O., Lohr, C., Merrill, M., Olea, R.A., Roueche, J.N., Shelton, J., Slucher, E., Varela, B.A., and Verma, M.K., 2019, Carbon dioxide enhanced oil recovery and residual oil zone studies at the U.S. Geological Survey, 14th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies, GHGT-14, Melbourne, Australia, October 21-25, 2018, p. 1-4.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"4","ipdsId":"IP-100919","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":363428,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":363097,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ssrn.com/abstract=3366202"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Warwick, Peter D. 0000-0002-3152-7783","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3152-7783","contributorId":205928,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warwick","given":"Peter D.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":761225,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Attanasi, Emil D. 0000-0001-6845-7160 attanasi@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6845-7160","contributorId":198728,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Attanasi","given":"Emil D.","email":"attanasi@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":761226,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Blondes, Madalyn S. 0000-0003-0320-0107 mblondes@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0320-0107","contributorId":3598,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blondes","given":"Madalyn S.","email":"mblondes@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":761227,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brennan, Sean T. 0000-0002-9381-6863 sbrennan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9381-6863","contributorId":205926,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brennan","given":"Sean","email":"sbrennan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":761228,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Buursink, Marc L. 0000-0001-6491-386X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6491-386X","contributorId":203357,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buursink","given":"Marc L.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":761229,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Doolan, Colin A. 0000-0002-7595-7566 cdoolan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7595-7566","contributorId":3046,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doolan","given":"Colin","email":"cdoolan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":761230,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Freeman, Philip A. 0000-0002-0863-7431","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0863-7431","contributorId":206294,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Freeman","given":"Philip A.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":761231,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Jahediesfanjani, Hossein 0000-0001-6281-5166","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6281-5166","contributorId":201000,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jahediesfanjani","given":"Hossein","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":761232,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Karacan, C. 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However, their long‐term population dynamics are poorly known, even though these dynamics are critical to determining impacts and effective management. We gathered and analyzed 67 long‐term (>10 yr) data sets on dreissenid populations from lakes and rivers across Europe and North America. We addressed five questions: (1) How do Dreissena populations change through time? (2) Specifically, do Dreissena populations decline substantially after an initial outbreak phase? (3) Do different measures of population performance (biomass or density of settled animals, veliger density, recruitment of young) follow the same patterns through time? (4) How do the numbers or biomass of zebra mussels or of both species combined change after the quagga mussel arrives? (5) How does body size change over time? We also considered whether current data on long‐term dynamics of Dreissena populations are adequate for science and management. Individual Dreissena populations showed a wide range of temporal dynamics, but we could detect only two general patterns that applied across many populations: (1) Populations of both species increased rapidly in the first 1–2 yr after appearance, and (2) quagga mussels appeared later than zebra mussels and usually quickly caused large declines in zebra mussel populations. We found little evidence that combined Dreissena populations declined over the long term. Different measures of population performance were not congruent; the temporal dynamics of one life stage or population attribute cannot generally be accurately inferred from the dynamics of another. We found no consistent patterns in the long‐term dynamics of body size. The long‐term dynamics of Dreissena populations probably are driven by the ecological characteristics (e.g., predation, nutrient inputs, water temperature) and their temporal changes at individual sites rather than following a generalized time course that applies across many sites. Existing long‐term data sets on dreissenid populations, although clearly valuable, are inadequate to meet research and management needs. Data sets could be improved by standardizing sampling designs and methods, routinely collecting more variables, and increasing support.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1002/ecs2.2701","usgsCitation":"Strayer, D., Adamovich, B.V., Rita Adrian, Aldridge, D.C., Balogh, C., Burlakova, L.E., Fried-Petersen, H., G.-Toth, L., Amy L. Hetherington, Jones, T.S., Alexander Y. Karatayev, Madill, J.B., Makarevich, O.A., Marsden, J., Martel, A.L., Minchin, D., Nalepa, T.F., Noordhuis, R., Robinson, T.J., Lars G. Rudstam, Astrid N. Schwalb, Smith, D.R., Alan D. Steinman, and Jeschke, J.M., 2019, Long-term population dynamics of dreissenid mussels (Dreissena polymorpha and D. rostriformis): A cross-system analysis: Ecosphere, v. 10, no. 4, e02701, 22 p., https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.2701.","productDescription":"e02701, 22 p.","ipdsId":"IP-100985","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":467692,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.2701","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":377520,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"10","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-04-17","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Strayer, David L.","contributorId":238531,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Strayer","given":"David L.","affiliations":[{"id":47722,"text":"Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies, Millbrook, NY","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":796360,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Adamovich, Boris V.","contributorId":238532,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Adamovich","given":"Boris","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":47723,"text":"Biological Department, Belarusian State University, Minsk, Belarus","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":796361,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rita Adrian","contributorId":238533,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rita Adrian","affiliations":[{"id":47724,"text":"Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":796362,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Aldridge, David C.","contributorId":238534,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Aldridge","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":47725,"text":"Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":796363,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Balogh, Csilla","contributorId":238535,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Balogh","given":"Csilla","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":47726,"text":"Centre for Ecological Research, Balaton Limnological Institute, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Tihany, Hungary","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":796364,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Burlakova, Lyubov E.","contributorId":238536,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Burlakova","given":"Lyubov","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":47728,"text":"Great Lakes Center, SUNY Buffalo State, Buffalo, NY","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":796365,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Fried-Petersen, Hannah","contributorId":238537,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fried-Petersen","given":"Hannah","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":47729,"text":"Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":796366,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"G.-Toth, Laszlo","contributorId":238538,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"G.-Toth","given":"Laszlo","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":47726,"text":"Centre for Ecological Research, Balaton Limnological Institute, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Tihany, Hungary","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":796367,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Amy L. 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We observed that bees feeding off the walls of the open container fell into the sugar water because of their incarnation, interactions with other bees and when shooed off the feeder walls while removing the feeder for cleaning. Twigs, angled laths and utility screen perches permitted bees to exploit more of the sugar water surface area and provided drowning bees a platform for self-rescue. Because angled laths and utility screen perches extended over the entire feeder, they offered greater feeding surface area and increased the chances that a drowning bee would quickly encounter the perches for self-rescue than twig perches. Additionally, bees were less likely to fall into the sugar water when removing the angled lath and utility screen perches from the feeders than when removing twigs. Our anecdotal observations identified three characteristics of perches that can mitigate for the drowning hazard. Perches need to: 1. Allow bees to use a greater surface area of the sugar water to reduce crowding while feeding from the container walls. 2. Encompass most of the feeder to improve the chances that drowning bees will encounter the perch and be able to rescue themselves. 3. Allow bees to quickly extricate themselves from the sugar water to minimize sugar crystallization on the bees. The information presented herein provides a practical window into the factors that lead to bee drownings and the type of mitigation that is required. It is of note that we used the three perch types to develop perch characteristics for mitigating drowning hazards. Novice researchers can apply these principles to customize perches based on their specific needs.
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In 2015, we isolated four H10N7 viruses from gulls in Iceland. Genomic analyses showed four gene segments in the viruses were genetically associated with H10 IAVs that caused influenza outbreaks and deaths among European seals in 2014. Antigenic characterization suggested minimal antigenic variation among these H10N7 isolates and other archived H10 viruses recovered from human, seal, mink, and various avian species in Asia, Europe, and North America. Glycan binding preference analyses suggested that, similar to other avian-origin H10 IAVs, these gull-origin H10N7 IAVs bound to both avian-like alpha 2,3-linked sialic acids and human-like alpha 2,6-linked sialic acids. However, when the gull-origin viruses were compared with another Eurasian avian–origin H10N8 IAV, which caused human infections, the gull-origin virus showed significantly higher binding affinity to human-like glycan receptors. Results from ferret experiment demonstrated that a gull-origin H10N7 IAV replicated well in turbinate, trachea, and lung, but replication was most efficient in turbinate and trachea. This gull-origin H10N7 virus can be transmitted between ferrets through the direct contact and aerosol routes, without prior adaptation. Gulls share their habitat with other birds and mammals, and have frequent contact with humans; therefore, gull-origin H10N7 IAVs could pose a risk to public health. Surveillance and monitoring of these IAVs at the wild bird-human interface should be continued.","language":"English","publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","doi":"10.1128/JVI.00282-19","usgsCitation":"Guan, M., Hall, J.S., Zhang, X., Dusek, R.J., Olivier, A.K., Liu, L., Li, L., Krauss, S., Danner, A., Li, T., Rutvisuttinunt, W., Lin, X., Hallgrimsson, G.T., Ragnarsdottir, S., Vignisson, S., TeSlaa, J., Nashold, S., Wan, X., and Jarman, R., 2019, Aerosol transmission of gull-origin Iceland subtype H10N7 influenza A virus in ferrets: Journal of Virology, v. 93, no. 13, e00282-19, 16 p., https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.00282-19.","productDescription":"e00282-19, 16 p.","ipdsId":"IP-106332","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":460403,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1128/jvi.00282-19","text":"Publisher Index 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