{"pageNumber":"745","pageRowStart":"18600","pageSize":"25","recordCount":68924,"records":[{"id":70035124,"text":"70035124 - 2011 - Potential for iron oxides to control metal releases in CO2 sequestration scenarios","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-03-01T19:19:59.943077","indexId":"70035124","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5215,"text":"Energy Procedia","onlineIssn":"1876-6102","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Potential for iron oxides to control metal releases in CO2 sequestration scenarios","docAbstract":"<p><span>The potential for the release of metals into groundwater following the injection of carbon dioxide (CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>) into the subsurface during carbon sequestration projects remains an open research question. Changing the chemical composition of even the relatively deep formation brines during CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;injection and storage may be of concern because of the recognized risks associated with the limited potential for leakage of CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>-impacted brine to the surface. Geochemical modeling allows for proactive evaluation of site geochemistry before CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;injection takes place to predict whether the release of metals from iron oxides may occur in the reservoir. Geochemical modeling can also help evaluate potential changes in shallow aquifers were CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;leakage to occur near the surface. In this study, we created three batch-reaction models that simulate chemical changes in groundwater resulting from the introduction of CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;at two carbon sequestration sites operated by the Midwest Geological Sequestration Consortium (MGSC). In each of these models, we input the chemical composition of groundwater samples into React</span><sup>®</sup><span>, and equilibrated them with selected mineral phases and CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;at reservoir pressure and temperature. The model then simulated the kinetic reactions with other mineral phases over a period of up to 100 years. For two of the simulations, the water was also at equilibrium with iron oxide surface complexes. The first model simulated a recently completed enhanced oil recovery (EOR) project in south-central Illinois in which the MGSC injected into, and then produced CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>, from a sandstone oil reservoir. The MGSC afterwards periodically measured the brine chemistry from several wells in the reservoir for approximately two years. The sandstone contains a relatively small amount of iron oxide, and the batch simulation for the injection process showed detectable changes in several aqueous species that were attributable to changes in surface complexation sites. After using the batch reaction configuration to match measured geochemical changes due to CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;injection, we modeled potential changes in groundwater chemistry at the Illinois Basin–Decatur Project (IBDP) site in Decatur, Illinois, USA. At the IBDP, the MGSC will inject 1 million tonnes of CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;over the course of three years at a depth of about 2&nbsp;km below the surface into the Mt. Simon Formation. Sections of the Mt. Simon Formation contain up to 10 percent iron oxide, and therefore surface complexes on iron oxides should play a major role in controlling brine chemistry. The batch simulation of this system showed a significant decrease in pH after the injection of CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;with corresponding changes in brine chemistry resulting from both mineral precipitation/dissolution reactions and changes in the chemistry on iron oxide surfaces. To ensure the safety of shallow drinking water sources, there are several shallow monitoring wells at the IBDP that the MGSC samples regularly to determine baseline chemical concentrations. Knowing what geochemical parameters are most sensitive to CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;disturbances allows us to focus monitoring efforts. Modeling a major influx of CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;into the shallow groundwater allowed us to determine that were an introduction of CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;to occur, the only immediate effect will be dolomite dissolution and calcite precipitation.</span></p>","conferenceTitle":"10th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies","conferenceDate":"September 19-23, 2010","conferenceLocation":"Amsterdam","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.egypro.2011.02.235","usgsCitation":"Berger, P., and Roy, W.R., 2011, Potential for iron oxides to control metal releases in CO2 sequestration scenarios: Energy Procedia, v. 4, p. 3195-3201, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2011.02.235.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"3195","endPage":"3201","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":475170,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2011.02.235","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":243322,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215512,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2011.02.235"}],"volume":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7f12e4b0c8380cd7a8d9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Berger, P.M.","contributorId":70611,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berger","given":"P.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449397,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Roy, William R.","contributorId":45454,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roy","given":"William","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449396,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70190325,"text":"70190325 - 2011 - Cold-water coral distributions in the Drake Passage area from towed camera observations - Initial interpretations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-27T11:25:37","indexId":"70190325","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2980,"text":"PLoS ONE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Cold-water coral distributions in the Drake Passage area from towed camera observations - Initial interpretations","docAbstract":"Seamounts are unique deep-sea features that create habitats thought to have high levels of endemic fauna, productive fisheries and benthic communities vulnerable to anthropogenic impacts. Many seamounts are isolated features, occurring in the high seas, where access is limited and thus biological data scarce. There are numerous seamounts within the Drake Passage (Southern Ocean), yet high winds, frequent storms and strong currents make seafloor sampling particularly difficult. As a result, few attempts to collect biological data have been made, leading to a paucity of information on benthic habitats or fauna in this area, particularly those on primarily hard-bottom seamounts and ridges. During a research cruise in 2008 six locations were examined (two on the Antarctic margin, one on the Shackleton Fracture Zone, and three on seamounts within the Drake Passage), using a towed camera with onboard instruments to measure conductivity, temperature, depth and turbidity. Dominant fauna and bottom type were categorized from 200 randomized photos from each location. Cold-water corals were present in high numbers in habitats both on the Antarctic margin and on the current swept seamounts of the Drake Passage, though the diversity of orders varied. Though the Scleractinia (hard corals) were abundant on the sedimented margin, they were poorly represented in the primarily hard-bottom areas of the central Drake Passage. The two seamount sites and the Shackleton Fracture Zone showed high numbers of stylasterid (lace) and alcyonacean (soft) corals, as well as large numbers of sponges. Though data are preliminary, the geological and environmental variability (particularly in temperature) between sample sites may be influencing cold-water coral biogeography in this region. Each area observed also showed little similarity in faunal diversity with other sites examined for this study within all phyla counted. This manuscript highlights how little is understood of these isolated features, particularly in Polar regions.","language":"English","publisher":"PLoS ONE","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0016153","usgsCitation":"Waller, R.G., Catanach, K.S., and Robinson, L.F., 2011, Cold-water coral distributions in the Drake Passage area from towed camera observations - Initial interpretations: PLoS ONE, v. 6, no. 1, Article e16153; 9 p., https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0016153.","productDescription":"Article e16153; 9 p.","ipdsId":"IP-023955","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475408,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0016153","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":345177,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Drake Passage","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -70.419921875,\n              -56.88626540914476\n            ],\n            [\n              -55.966796875,\n              -56.88626540914476\n            ],\n            [\n              -55.966796875,\n              -63.69670647530323\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.419921875,\n              -63.69670647530323\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.419921875,\n              -56.88626540914476\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"6","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":11,"text":"Pembroke PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-01-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59a3da32e4b077f00567322b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Waller, Rhian G.","contributorId":195852,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Waller","given":"Rhian","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":16143,"text":"University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":708567,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Catanach, Kathryn Scanlon kscanlon@usgs.gov","contributorId":3085,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Catanach","given":"Kathryn","email":"kscanlon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Scanlon","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":708568,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Robinson, Laura F.","contributorId":195851,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Robinson","given":"Laura","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":13294,"text":"Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":708569,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70192887,"text":"70192887 - 2011 - The relative importance of physicochemical factors to stream biological condition in urbanizing basins: Evidence from multimodel inference","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-12T18:09:25","indexId":"70192887","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1699,"text":"Freshwater Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The relative importance of physicochemical factors to stream biological condition in urbanizing basins: Evidence from multimodel inference","docAbstract":"<p>Many physicochemical factors potentially impair stream ecosystems in urbanizing basins, but few studies have evaluated their relative importance simultaneously, especially in different environmental settings. We used data collected in 25 to 30 streams along a gradient of urbanization in each of 6 metropolitan areas (MAs) to evaluate the relative importance of 11 physicochemical factors on the condition of algal, macroinvertebrate, and fish assemblages. For each assemblage, biological condition was quantified using 2 separate metrics, nonmetric multidimensional scaling ordination site scores and the ratio of observed/expected taxa, both derived in previous studies. Separate linear regression models with 1 or 2 factors as predictors were developed for each MA and assemblage metric. Model parsimony was evaluated based on Akaike’s Information Criterion for small sample size (AICc) and Akaike weights, and variable importance was estimated by summing the Akaike weights across models containing each stressor variable. Few of the factors were strongly correlated (Pearson |<i>r</i>| &gt; 0.7) within MAs. Physicochemical factors explained 17 to 81% of variance in biological condition. Most (92 of 118) of the most plausible models contained 2 predictors, and generally more variance could be explained by the additive effects of 2 factors than by any single factor alone. None of the factors evaluated was universally important for all MAs or biological assemblages. The relative importance of factors varied for different measures of biological condition, biological assemblages, and MA. Our results suggest that the suite of physicochemical factors affecting urban stream ecosystems varies across broad geographic areas, along gradients of urban intensity, and among basins within single MAs.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"University of Chicago Press","doi":"10.1899/10-131.1","usgsCitation":"Carlisle, D.M., and Bryant, W., 2011, The relative importance of physicochemical factors to stream biological condition in urbanizing basins: Evidence from multimodel inference: Freshwater Science, v. 31, no. 1, p. 154-166, https://doi.org/10.1899/10-131.1.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"154","endPage":"166","ipdsId":"IP-011790","costCenters":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488743,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://www.bioone.org/doi/10.1899/10-131.1","text":"External Repository"},{"id":348633,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"31","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a096bb3e4b09af898c94155","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carlisle, Daren M. 0000-0002-7367-348X dcarlisle@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7367-348X","contributorId":513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carlisle","given":"Daren","email":"dcarlisle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":717302,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bryant, Wade L. Jr. wbbryant@usgs.gov","contributorId":1777,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bryant","given":"Wade L.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"wbbryant@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":717303,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70174864,"text":"70174864 - 2011 - Inland surface water: Chapter 18","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-21T16:14:08","indexId":"70174864","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":32,"text":"General Technical Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"NRS-80","title":"Inland surface water: Chapter 18","docAbstract":"<p>Freshwater aquatic ecosystems include rivers and streams, large and small lakes, reservoirs, and ephemeral ponds. Wetlands are defi ned and discussed in Chapter 17 of this report. It is estimated that there are 123,400 lakes with a surface area greater than 4 ha in the United States. Most lakes, however, are smaller than 4 ha; small lakes account for the majority of lake surface area both globally and in the United States (Table 18.1; Downing et al. 2006). Th e density of lakes varies greatly by region of the country, from 8.4 lakes per 100 km2 in the upper Midwest and 7.8 lakes per 100 km2 in Florida, to much lower values in other areas of the country (e.g., mid-Atlantic, Southeast, and West &lt;1.0 lakes per 100 km2 ) ( Eilers and Selle 1991). Th e cumulative surface area of these lakes is approximately 9.5 million ha. Th e U.S. Geologic Survey's National Hydrographic Dataset (NHD) estimates that there are approximately 1.1 million km of perennial fl owing streams in the United States. Of these about 91 percent are fi rst through fourth order (&ldquo;wadeable&rdquo;) (US EPA 2006).</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Assessment of N deposition effects and empirical critical loads of N for ecoregions of the United States","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station","usgsCitation":"Baron, J., Driscoll, C.T., and Stoddard, J., 2011, Inland surface water: Chapter 18: General Technical Report NRS-80, 19 p.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"209","endPage":"227","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-022968","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":325428,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":325427,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/38109"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"578f4f2de4b0ad6235cf001e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Baron, Jill 0000-0002-5902-6251 jill_baron@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5902-6251","contributorId":194124,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baron","given":"Jill","email":"jill_baron@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":642877,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Driscoll, C. T.","contributorId":47530,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Driscoll","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642878,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stoddard, J.L.","contributorId":75709,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stoddard","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642879,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70192879,"text":"70192879 - 2011 - The regionalization of national-scale SPARROW models for stream nutrients","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-15T10:26:55","indexId":"70192879","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2529,"text":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The regionalization of national-scale SPARROW models for stream nutrients","docAbstract":"<p>This analysis modifies the parsimonious specification of recently published total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) national-scale SPAtially Referenced Regressions On Watershed attributes models to allow each model coefficient to vary geographically among three major river basins of the conterminous United States. Regionalization of the national models reduces the standard errors in the prediction of TN and TP loads, expressed as a percentage of the predicted load, by about 6 and 7%. We develop and apply a method for combining national-scale and regional-scale information to estimate a hybrid model that imposes cross-region constraints that limit regional variation in model coefficients, effectively reducing the number of free model parameters as compared to a collection of independent regional models. The hybrid TN and TP regional models have improved model fit relative to the respective national models, reducing the standard error in the prediction of loads, expressed as a percentage of load, by about 5 and 4%. Only 19% of the TN hybrid model coefficients and just 2% of the TP hybrid model coefficients show evidence of substantial regional specificity (more than ±100% deviation from the national model estimate). The hybrid models have much greater precision in the estimated coefficients than do the unconstrained regional models, demonstrating the efficacy of pooling information across regions to improve regional models.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.2011.00581.x","usgsCitation":"Schwarz, G., Alexander, R.B., Smith, R.A., and Preston, S.D., 2011, The regionalization of national-scale SPARROW models for stream nutrients: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 47, no. 5, p. 1151-1172, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2011.00581.x.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"1151","endPage":"1172","ipdsId":"IP-023218","costCenters":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475095,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2011.00581.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":348671,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"47","issue":"5","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-08-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a6107fee4b06e28e9c25640","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schwarz, Gregory E. 0000-0002-9239-4566 gschwarz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9239-4566","contributorId":543,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwarz","given":"Gregory E.","email":"gschwarz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":5067,"text":"Northeast Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":717280,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Alexander, Richard B. 0000-0001-9166-0626 ralex@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9166-0626","contributorId":541,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alexander","given":"Richard","email":"ralex@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":717281,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smith, Richard A. 0000-0003-2117-2269 rsmith1@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2117-2269","contributorId":580,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Richard","email":"rsmith1@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":717282,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Preston, Stephen D. 0000-0003-1515-6692 spreston@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1515-6692","contributorId":1463,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Preston","given":"Stephen","email":"spreston@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":717283,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70192886,"text":"70192886 - 2011 - Nitrogen contamination of surficial aquifers - A growing legacy","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-06T19:01:05.958661","indexId":"70192886","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nitrogen contamination of surficial aquifers - A growing legacy","docAbstract":"<div id=\"articleMeta\"><div class=\"synopsis hlFld-Abstract\"><p class=\"articleBody_abstractText\">The virtual ubiquity of fertilizer-fed agriculture, increasing over several decades, has become necessary to support the global human population. Ironically, widespread use of nitrogen (N) has contaminated another vital resource: surficial fresh groundwater. Further, as nitrous oxide (N<sub>2</sub>O) is a potent greenhouse gas, anthropogenic manipulation of N budgets has ramifications that can extend far beyond national borders. To get a handle on the size of the problem, Puckett et al. present an approach to track historical contamination and thus analyze trends now and in the past with implications for the future.</p></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"American Chemical Society","doi":"10.1021/es1038358","usgsCitation":"Puckett, L., Tesoriero, A.J., and Dubrovsky, N.M., 2011, Nitrogen contamination of surficial aquifers - A growing legacy: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 45, no. 3, p. 839-844, https://doi.org/10.1021/es1038358.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"839","endPage":"844","ipdsId":"IP-014743","costCenters":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":348667,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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,{"id":70036985,"text":"70036985 - 2011 - Modeling of hydroecological feedbacks predicts distinct classes of landscape pattern, process, and restoration potential in shallow aquatic ecosystems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-03T13:37:14","indexId":"70036985","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1801,"text":"Geomorphology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modeling of hydroecological feedbacks predicts distinct classes of landscape pattern, process, and restoration potential in shallow aquatic ecosystems","docAbstract":"<p id=\"sp0075\">It is widely recognized that interactions between vegetation and flow cause the emergence of channel patterns that are distinct from the standard Schumm classification of river channels. Although landscape pattern is known to be linked to ecosystem services such as habitat provision, pollutant removal, and sustaining biodiversity, the mechanisms responsible for the development and stability of different landscape patterns in shallow, vegetated flows have remained poorly understood. Fortunately, recent advances have made possible large-scale models of flow through vegetated environments that can be run over a range of environmental variables and over timescales of millennia. We describe a new, quasi-3D cellular automata model that couples simulations of shallow-water flow, bed shear stresses, sediment transport, and vegetation dynamics in an efficient manner. That efficiency allowed us to apply the model widely in order to determine how different hydroecological feedbacks control landscape pattern and process in various types of wetlands and floodplains. Distinct classes of landscape pattern were uniquely associated with specific types of allogenic and autogenic drivers in wetland flows. Regular, anisotropically patterned wetlands were dominated by allogenic processes (i.e., processes driven by periodic high water levels and flow velocities that redistribute sediment), relative to autogenic processes (e.g., vegetation production, peat accretion, and gravitational erosion). These anistropically patterned wetlands are therefore particularly prone to hydrologic disturbance. Other classes of wetlands that emerged from simulated interactions included maze-patterned, amorphous, and topographically noisy marshes, open marsh with islands, banded string-pool sequences perpendicular to flow, parallel deep and narrow channels flanked by marsh, and ridge-and-slough patterned marsh oriented parallel to flow. Because vegetation both affects and responds to the balance between the transport capacity of the flow and sediment supply, these vegetated systems exhibit a feedback that is not dominant in most rivers. Consequently, unlike in most rivers, it is not possible to predict the &ldquo;channel pattern&rdquo; of a vegetated landscape based only on discharge characteristics and sediment supply; the antecedent vegetation pattern and vegetation dynamics must also be known.</p>\n<p id=\"sp0080\">In general, the stability of different wetland pattern types is most strongly related to factors controlling the erosion and deposition of sediment at vegetation patch edges, the magnitude of sediment redistribution by flow, patch elevation relative to water level, and the variability of erosion rates in vegetation patches with low flow-resistance. As we exemplify in our case-study of the Everglades ridge and slough landscape, feedback between flow and vegetation also causes hysteresis in landscape evolution trajectories that will affect the potential for landscape restoration. Namely, even if the hydrologic conditions that historically produced higher flows are restored, degraded portions of the ridge and slough landscape are unlikely to revert to their former patterning. As wetlands and floodplains worldwide become increasingly threatened by climate change and urbanization, the greater mechanistic understanding of landscape pattern and process that our analysis provides will improve our ability to forecast and manage the behavior of these ecosystems.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.geomorph.2010.03.015","issn":"0169555X","usgsCitation":"Larsen, L., and Harvey, J.W., 2011, Modeling of hydroecological feedbacks predicts distinct classes of landscape pattern, process, and restoration potential in shallow aquatic ecosystems: Geomorphology, v. 126, no. 3-4, p. 279-296, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2010.03.015.","productDescription":"18 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Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":458853,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70036933,"text":"70036933 - 2011 - Effects of a low severity prescribed fire on water-soluble elements in ash from a cork oak (Quercus suber) forest located in the northeast of the Iberian Peninsula","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-07T12:22:00","indexId":"70036933","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1561,"text":"Environmental Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of a low severity prescribed fire on water-soluble elements in ash from a cork oak (Quercus suber) forest located in the northeast of the Iberian Peninsula","docAbstract":"<p><span>Wildfire is the major disturbance in Mediterranean forests. Prescribed fire can be an alternative to reduce the amount of fuel and hence decrease the wildfire risk. However the effects of prescribed fire must be studied, especially on ash properties, because ash is an important nutrient source for ecosystem recovery. The aim of this study is to determine the effects of a low severity prescribed fire on water-soluble elements in ash including pH,&nbsp;electrical conductivity&nbsp;(EC), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), sodium (Na),&nbsp;potassium&nbsp;(K), aluminum (Al),&nbsp;manganese&nbsp;(Mn), iron (Fe),&nbsp;zinc&nbsp;(Zn),&nbsp;silica&nbsp;(SiO</span><sub>2</sub><span>) and total&nbsp;sulphur&nbsp;(TS). A prescribed fire was conducted in a cork oak (</span><i>Quercus suber</i><span>) (Q.S) forest located in the northeast part of the Iberian Peninsula. Samples were collected from a flat plot of 40×70</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>m mainly composed of Q.S and&nbsp;</span><i>Quercus robur</i><span>&nbsp;(Q.R) trees. In order to understand the effects of the prescribed fire on the soluble elements in ash, we conducted our data analysis on three data groups: all samples, only Q.S samples and only Q.R samples. All three sample groups exhibited a significant increase in pH, EC (</span><i>p</i><span>&lt;0.001), water-soluble Ca, Mg, Na, SiO</span><sub>2</sub><span>and TS and a decrease in water-soluble Mn, Fe and Zn. Differences were identified between oak species for water-soluble K, Al and Fe. In Q.S samples we registered a significant increase in the first two elements&nbsp;</span><i>p</i><span>&lt;0.001 and&nbsp;</span><i>p</i><span>&lt;0.01, respectively, and a non-significant impact in the third, at&nbsp;</span><i>p</i><span>&lt;0.05. In Q.R data we identified a non-significant impact on water-soluble K and Al and a significant decrease in water-soluble Fe (</span><i>p</i><span>&lt;0.05). These differences are probably due to vegetation characteristics and burn severity. The fire induced a higher variability in the ash soluble elements, especially in Q.S samples, that at some points burned with higher severity. The increase of pH, EC, Ca, Mg, Na and K will improve&nbsp;soil fertility, mainly in the study area where soils are acidic. The application of this low severity prescribed fire will improve&nbsp;soil nutrient&nbsp;status without causing&nbsp;soil degradation&nbsp;and thus is considered to be a good management strategy.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.envres.2010.09.002","issn":"00139351","usgsCitation":"Pereira, P., beda, X., Martin, D.A., Mataix-Solera, J., and Guerrero, C., 2011, Effects of a low severity prescribed fire on water-soluble elements in ash from a cork oak (Quercus suber) forest located in the northeast of the Iberian Peninsula: Environmental Research, v. 111, no. 2, p. 237-247, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2010.09.002.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"237","endPage":"247","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":217892,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2010.09.002"},{"id":245865,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"111","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0670e4b0c8380cd51245","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pereira, P.","contributorId":33947,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pereira","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458529,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"beda, X.","contributorId":56072,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"beda","given":"X.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458530,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Martin, Deborah A. 0000-0001-8237-0838 damartin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8237-0838","contributorId":1900,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"Deborah","email":"damartin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":458532,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mataix-Solera, J.","contributorId":62861,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mataix-Solera","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458531,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Guerrero, C.","contributorId":22611,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guerrero","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458528,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70044843,"text":"70044843 - 2011 - The ShakeOut Scenario: Meeting the needs for construction aggregates, hot mix asphalt, and ready mix concrete","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-07T13:45:30.424531","indexId":"70044843","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1436,"text":"Earthquake Spectra","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The ShakeOut Scenario: Meeting the needs for construction aggregates, hot mix asphalt, and ready mix concrete","docAbstract":"<p><span>An M</span><sub>w</sub><span>&nbsp;7.8 earthquake as described in the ShakeOut Scenario would cause significant damage to buildings and infrastructure. Over 6 million tons of newly mined aggregate would be used for emergency repairs and for reconstruction in the five years following the event. This aggregate would be applied mostly in the form of concrete for buildings and bridges, asphalt or concrete for pavement, and unbound gravel for applications such as base course that goes under highway pavement and backfilling for foundations and pipelines. There are over 450 aggregate, concrete, and asphalt plants in the affected area, some of which would be heavily damaged. Meeting the increased demand for construction materials would require readily available permitted reserves, functioning production facilities, a supply of cement and asphalt, a source of water, gas, and electricity, and a trained workforce. Prudent advance preparations would facilitate a timely emergency response and reconstruction following such an earthquake.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Sage Journals","doi":"10.1193/1.3570679","usgsCitation":"Langer, W.H., 2011, The ShakeOut Scenario: Meeting the needs for construction aggregates, hot mix asphalt, and ready mix concrete: Earthquake Spectra, v. 27, p. 505-520, https://doi.org/10.1193/1.3570679.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"505","endPage":"520","ipdsId":"IP-018278","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":273320,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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,{"id":70044842,"text":"70044842 - 2011 - Mountain-block recharge, present and past, in the eastern Espanola Basin, New Mexico, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-29T12:58:21","indexId":"70044842","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1923,"text":"Hydrogeology Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Mountain-block recharge, present and past, in the eastern Española Basin, New Mexico, USA","title":"Mountain-block recharge, present and past, in the eastern Espanola Basin, New Mexico, USA","docAbstract":"<p><span>Noble gas recharge temperatures (NGTs) and radiocarbon ages were determined for 43 groundwater samples collected in the eastern Española Basin, New Mexico (USA), to identify mountain-block recharge in waters &lt;10 thousand years (ka) old and to evaluate possible changes in mountain-block recharge over the past ∼35&nbsp;ka. For Holocene samples from the southeastern area, NGTs are dominantly 2–4° cooler than the measured water-table temperature near the mountain front. Computed minimum mountain-block recharge fractions are dominantly 0.2–0.5, consistent with previous large mountain-block recharge estimates. NGTs do not display the distinct low during the last glacial maximum observed in other paleorecharge studies; samples recharged 15–25&nbsp;ka ago are on average only 1.3° cooler than Holocene samples. Instead, samples with the coldest NGTs were recharged 25–35&nbsp;ka ago. A proposed explanation is that higher precipitation rates during the last glacial maximum resulted in a lower mean recharge elevation for the basin, essentially buffering the effect of the lower mean annual air temperature and producing NGTs similar to the Holocene. In the period preceding the last glacial maximum, precipitation rates more like today’s resulted in Holocene-like mountain-block recharge fractions, producing a mean NGT ∼5° cooler than the Holocene, as expected.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10040-010-0696-8","usgsCitation":"Manning, A.H., 2011, Mountain-block recharge, present and past, in the eastern Espanola Basin, New Mexico, USA: Hydrogeology Journal, v. 19, no. 2, p. 379-397, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-010-0696-8.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"379","endPage":"397","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-021349","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":351867,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Mexico","otherGeospatial":"Española","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -106.124496,35.658970 ], [ -106.124496,36.021891 ], [ -105.884857,36.021891 ], [ -105.884857,35.658970 ], [ -106.124496,35.658970 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"19","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-02-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5163e6e9e4b0b7010f820176","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Manning, Andrew H. 0000-0002-6404-1237 amanning@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6404-1237","contributorId":1305,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Manning","given":"Andrew","email":"amanning@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":476393,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70032351,"text":"70032351 - 2011 - Duration and severity of Medieval drought in the Lake Tahoe Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-05-02T15:37:35","indexId":"70032351","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3219,"text":"Quaternary Science Reviews","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Duration and severity of Medieval drought in the Lake Tahoe Basin","docAbstract":"Droughts in the western U.S. in the past 200 years are small compared to several megadroughts that occurred during Medieval times. We reconstruct duration and magnitude of extreme droughts in the northern Sierra Nevada from hydroclimatic conditions in Fallen Leaf Lake, California. Stands of submerged trees rooted in situ below the lake surface were imaged with sidescan sonar and radiocarbon analysis yields an age estimate of ∼1250 AD. Tree-ring records and submerged paleoshoreline geomorphology suggest a Medieval low-stand of Fallen Leaf Lake lasted more than 220 years. Over eighty more trees were found lying on the lake floor at various elevations above the paleoshoreline. Water-balance calculations suggest annual precipitation was less than 60% normal from late 10th century to early 13th century AD. Hence, the lake’s shoreline dropped 40–60 m below its modern elevation. Stands of pre-Medieval trees in this lake and in Lake Tahoe suggest the region experienced severe drought at least every 650–1150 years during the mid- and late-Holocene. These observations quantify paleo-precipitation and recurrence of prolonged drought in the northern Sierra Nevada.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Quaternary Science Reviews","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.quascirev.2011.08.015","issn":"02773791","usgsCitation":"Kleppe, J., Brothers, D., Kent, G., Biondi, F., Jensen, S., and Driscoll, N.W., 2011, Duration and severity of Medieval drought in the Lake Tahoe Basin: Quaternary Science Reviews, v. 30, no. 23-24, p. 3269-3279, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2011.08.015.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"3269","endPage":"3279","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475363,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://hdl.handle.net/1912/4953","text":"External Repository"},{"id":241436,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213778,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2011.08.015"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Lake Tahoe Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -120.375,38.625 ], [ -120.375,39.375 ], [ -119.75,39.375 ], [ -119.75,38.625 ], [ -120.375,38.625 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"30","issue":"23-24","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0418e4b0c8380cd507a1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kleppe, J.A.","contributorId":72212,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kleppe","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435733,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brothers, D.S.","contributorId":76953,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brothers","given":"D.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435734,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kent, G.M.","contributorId":34729,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kent","given":"G.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435729,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Biondi, F.","contributorId":48769,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Biondi","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435732,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Jensen, S.","contributorId":47590,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jensen","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435731,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Driscoll, N. W.","contributorId":41093,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Driscoll","given":"N.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435730,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70046613,"text":"70046613 - 2011 - Normalized Difference Vegetation Index for Fanno Creek, Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-06-17T08:40:30","indexId":"70046613","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"title":"Normalized Difference Vegetation Index for Fanno Creek, Oregon","docAbstract":"Fanno Creek is a tributary to the Tualatin River and flows though parts of the southwest Portland metropolitan area. The stream is heavily influenced by urban runoff and shows characteristic flashy streamflow and poor water quality commonly associated with urban streams. This data set represents the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), or \"greenness\" of the Fanno Creek floodplain study area. Aerial photography was used to isolate areas of vegetation based on comparing different bandwidths within the imagery. In this case, the NDVI is calculated as the quotient of the near infrared band minus the red band divided by the near infared plus the red band. NDVI = (NIR - R)/(NIR + R).","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/70046613","usgsCitation":"Sobieszczyk, S., 2011, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index for Fanno Creek, Oregon, Dataset, https://doi.org/10.3133/70046613.","productDescription":"Dataset","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":273756,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":273755,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/GIS/metadata/usgswrd/XML/fannoCk_ndvi_09.xml"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Fanno Creek","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -129.351779,39.745375 ], [ -129.351779,55.265926 ], [ -109.448056,55.265926 ], [ -109.448056,39.745375 ], [ -129.351779,39.745375 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51c02ff3e4b0ee1529ed3d34","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sobieszczyk, Steven 0000-0002-0834-8437 ssobie@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0834-8437","contributorId":885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sobieszczyk","given":"Steven","email":"ssobie@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":479868,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70044906,"text":"70044906 - 2011 - Mineral resource of the month: potash","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-05-08T16:46:13","indexId":"70044906","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1419,"text":"Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mineral resource of the month: potash","docAbstract":"The article offers basic information about the mineral resource potash. According to the author, potash is the generic term for a variety of mined and manufactured salts that contain the mineral potassium in a water-soluble form. The author adds that potash is used in fertilizers, soaps and detergents, glass and ceramics, and alkaline batteries.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Earth","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"AGI","usgsCitation":"Jasinski, S.M., 2011, Mineral resource of the month: potash: Earth, v. 56, no. 10, p. 25-25.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"25","endPage":"25","ipdsId":"IP-031574","costCenters":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":272078,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":270432,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.agiweb.org/store/library/imprint.php?id=2011_10"}],"volume":"56","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"518b73f1e4b0037667dbc88f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jasinski, Stephen M. sjasinsk@usgs.gov","contributorId":2735,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jasinski","given":"Stephen","email":"sjasinsk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":476452,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70043476,"text":"70043476 - 2011 - Swimming and other activities: applied aspects of fish swimming performance","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-06-21T15:53:12","indexId":"70043476","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Swimming and other activities: applied aspects of fish swimming performance","docAbstract":"<p><span>Human activities such as hydropower development, water withdrawals, and commercial fisheries often put fish species at risk. Engineered solutions designed to protect species or their life stages are frequently based on assumptions about swimming performance and behaviors. In many cases, however, the appropriate data to support these designs are either unavailable or misapplied. This article provides an overview of the state of knowledge of fish swimming performance &ndash; where the data come from and how they are applied &ndash; identifying both gaps in knowledge and common errors in application, with guidance on how to avoid repeating mistakes, as well as suggestions for further study.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Encyclopedia of fish physiology: from genome to the environment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Academic Press","publisherLocation":"San Diego, CA","doi":"10.1016/B978-0-12-374553-8.00180-5","usgsCitation":"Castro-Santos, T.R., 2011, Swimming and other activities: applied aspects of fish swimming performance, chap. <i>of</i> Encyclopedia of fish physiology: from genome to the environment, p. 1652-1663, https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-374553-8.00180-5.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1652","endPage":"1663","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-019887","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":268810,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"513721f2e4b02ab8869bffb7","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Farrell, A.P.","contributorId":113545,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Farrell","given":"A.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":509207,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Castro-Santos, Theodore R. 0000-0003-2575-9120 tcastrosantos@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2575-9120","contributorId":3321,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Castro-Santos","given":"Theodore","email":"tcastrosantos@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":473670,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70036759,"text":"70036759 - 2011 - Finite volume model for two-dimensional shallow environmental flow","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-03-28T09:15:30","indexId":"70036759","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2338,"text":"Journal of Hydraulic Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Finite volume model for two-dimensional shallow environmental flow","docAbstract":"<p>This paper presents the development of a two-dimensional, depth integrated, unsteady, free-surface model based on the shallow water equations. The development was motivated by the desire of balancing computational efficiency and accuracy by selective and conjunctive use of different numerical techniques. The base framework of the discrete model uses Godunov methods on unstructured triangular grids, but the solution technique emphasizes the use of a high-resolution Riemann solver where needed, switching to a simpler and computationally more efficient upwind finite volume technique in the smooth regions of the flow. Explicit time marching is accomplished with strong stability preserving Runge-Kutta methods, with additional acceleration techniques for steady-state computations. A simplified mass-preserving algorithm is used to deal with wet/dry fronts. Application of the model is made to several benchmark cases that show the interplay of the diverse solution techniques.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Hydraulic Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1061/(ASCE)HY.1943-7900.0000292","issn":"07339429","usgsCitation":"Simoes, F., 2011, Finite volume model for two-dimensional shallow environmental flow: Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, v. 137, no. 2, p. 173-182, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)HY.1943-7900.0000292.","startPage":"173","endPage":"182","numberOfPages":"10","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":245403,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":217453,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)HY.1943-7900.0000292"}],"volume":"137","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a102be4b0c8380cd53b67","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Simoes, F.J.M.","contributorId":100181,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simoes","given":"F.J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457691,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70036114,"text":"70036114 - 2011 - Channel morphometry, sediment transport, and implications for tectonic activity and surficial ages of Titan basins","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-02T18:02:51.794264","indexId":"70036114","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1963,"text":"Icarus","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Channel morphometry, sediment transport, and implications for tectonic activity and surficial ages of Titan basins","docAbstract":"<p><span>Fluvial features on Titan and drainage basins on Earth are remarkably similar despite differences in gravity and surface composition. We determined network bifurcation (</span><i>R<sub>b</sub></i><span>) ratios for five Titan and three terrestrial analog basins. Tectonically-modified Earth basins have&nbsp;</span><i>R<sub>b</sub></i><span>&nbsp;values greater than the expected range (3.0–5.0) for dendritic networks; comparisons with&nbsp;</span><i>R<sub>b</sub></i><span>&nbsp;values determined for Titan basins, in conjunction with similarities in network patterns, suggest that portions of Titan’s north polar region are modified by tectonic forces. Sufficient elevation data existed to calculate bed slope and potential fluvial sediment transport rates in at least one Titan basin, indicating that 75</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>mm water ice grains (observed at the Huygens landing site) should be readily entrained given sufficient flow depths of liquid hydrocarbons. Volumetric sediment transport estimates suggest that ∼6700–10,000 Titan years (∼2.0–3.0</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>×</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>10</span><sup>5</sup><span>&nbsp;Earth years) are required to erode this basin to its minimum relief (assuming constant 1</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>m and 1.5</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>m flows); these lowering rates increase to ∼27,000–41,000 Titan years (∼8.0–12.0</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>×</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>10</span><sup>5</sup><span>&nbsp;Earth years) when flows in the north polar region are restricted to summer months.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.icarus.2011.03.011","issn":"00191035","usgsCitation":"Cartwright, R., Clayton, J., and Kirk, R.L., 2011, Channel morphometry, sediment transport, and implications for tectonic activity and surficial ages of Titan basins: Icarus, v. 214, no. 2, p. 561-570, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2011.03.011.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"561","endPage":"570","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":246493,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":218478,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2011.03.011"}],"volume":"214","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f458e4b0c8380cd4bc97","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cartwright, R.","contributorId":54838,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cartwright","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454291,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Clayton, J.A.","contributorId":71799,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clayton","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454292,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kirk, Randolph L. 0000-0003-0842-9226 rkirk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0842-9226","contributorId":2765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kirk","given":"Randolph","email":"rkirk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":454293,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70034337,"text":"70034337 - 2011 - Comparing laser-based open- and closed-path gas analyzers to measure methane fluxes using the eddy covariance method","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-25T13:10:53","indexId":"70034337","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":681,"text":"Agricultural and Forest Meteorology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparing laser-based open- and closed-path gas analyzers to measure methane fluxes using the eddy covariance method","docAbstract":"<p><span>Closed- and open-path methane gas analyzers are used in eddy covariance systems to compare three potential methane emitting ecosystems in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta (CA, USA): a rice field, a peatland pasture and a restored wetland. The study points out similarities and differences of the systems in field experiments and data processing. The closed-path system, despite a less intrusive placement with the sonic anemometer, required more care and power. In contrast, the open-path system appears more versatile for a remote and unattended experimental site. Overall, the two systems have comparable minimum detectable limits, but synchronization between wind speed and methane data, air density corrections and spectral losses have different impacts on the computed flux covariances. For the closed-path analyzer, air density effects are less important, but the synchronization and spectral losses may represent a problem when fluxes are small or when an undersized pump is used. For the open-path analyzer air density corrections are greater, due to spectroscopy effects and the classic Webb–Pearman–Leuning correction. Comparison between the 30-min fluxes reveals good agreement in terms of magnitudes between open-path and closed-path flux systems. However, the scatter is large, as consequence of the intensive data processing which both systems require.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.agrformet.2011.05.014","issn":"01681923","usgsCitation":"Detto, M., Verfaillie, J., Anderson, F., Xu, L., and Baldocchi, D., 2011, Comparing laser-based open- and closed-path gas analyzers to measure methane fluxes using the eddy covariance method: Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, v. 151, no. 10, p. 1312-1324, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2011.05.014.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"1312","endPage":"1324","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":244404,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216527,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2011.05.014"}],"volume":"151","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f835e4b0c8380cd4cf42","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Detto, Matteo","contributorId":167491,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Detto","given":"Matteo","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12671,"text":"Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":445302,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Verfaillie, Joseph","contributorId":167496,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Verfaillie","given":"Joseph","affiliations":[{"id":24725,"text":"Ecosystem Science Division, Department of Environmental Science","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":445298,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Anderson, Frank 0000-0002-1418-4678 fanders@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1418-4678","contributorId":167488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"Frank","email":"fanders@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":445299,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Xu, Liukang","contributorId":205221,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Xu","given":"Liukang","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445301,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Baldocchi, Dennis 0000-0003-3496-4919","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3496-4919","contributorId":167495,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Baldocchi","given":"Dennis","affiliations":[{"id":24725,"text":"Ecosystem Science Division, Department of Environmental Science","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":445300,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70034335,"text":"70034335 - 2011 - A comparison of methods to assess long-term changes in Sonoran Desert vegetation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-10-27T15:34:39.498196","indexId":"70034335","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2183,"text":"Journal of Arid Environments","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A comparison of methods to assess long-term changes in Sonoran Desert vegetation","docAbstract":"Knowledge about the condition of vegetation cover and composition is critical for assessing the structure and function of ecosystems. To effectively quantify the impacts of a rapidly changing environment, methods to track long-term trends of vegetation must be precise, repeatable, and time- and cost-efficient. Measuring vegetation cover and composition in arid and semiarid regions is especially challenging because vegetation is typically sparse, discontinuous, and individual plants are widely spaced. To meet the goal of long-term vegetation monitoring in the Sonoran Desert and other arid and semiarid regions, we determined how estimates of plant species, total vegetation, and soil cover obtained using a widely-implemented monitoring protocol compared to a more time- and resource-intensive plant census. We also assessed how well this protocol tracked changes in cover through 82 years compared to the plant census. Results from the monitoring protocol were comparable to those from the plant census, despite low and variable plant species cover. Importantly, this monitoring protocol could be used as a rapid, \"off-the shelf\" tool for assessing land degradation (or desertification) in arid and semiarid ecosystems.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/j.jaridenv.2011.04.032","issn":"01401963","usgsCitation":"Munson, S., Webb, R.H., and Hubbard, J., 2011, A comparison of methods to assess long-term changes in Sonoran Desert vegetation: Journal of Arid Environments, v. 75, no. 11, p. 1228-1231, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2011.04.032.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"1228","endPage":"1231","costCenters":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":244882,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Sonoran Desert, Tumamoc Hill, Tucson Mountains","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -114.7412109375,\n              35.06597313798418\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.70825195312501,\n              34.77771580360469\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.466552734375,\n              34.45221847282654\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.224853515625,\n              34.27083595165\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.576416015625,\n              34.098159345215535\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.620361328125,\n              33.86129311351553\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.620361328125,\n              33.62376800118811\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.82910156249999,\n              33.4039312002347\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.76318359375,\n              33.0178760185549\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.620361328125,\n              32.9257074887604\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.78515624999999,\n              32.8334428466495\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.9169921875,\n              32.55607364492026\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.1376953125,\n              31.3348710339506\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.039306640625,\n              31.344254455668054\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.05029296875,\n              35.24561909420681\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.7412109375,\n              35.06597313798418\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"75","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e36de4b0c8380cd45fed","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Munson, S.M.","contributorId":33554,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Munson","given":"S.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445292,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Webb, R. H.","contributorId":13648,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Webb","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445290,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hubbard, J.A.","contributorId":17853,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hubbard","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445291,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70034331,"text":"70034331 - 2011 - Evaluation of influence of sediment on the sensitivity of a unionid mussel (Lampsilis siliquoidea) to ammonia in 28-day water exposures","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-02T14:47:54","indexId":"70034331","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluation of influence of sediment on the sensitivity of a unionid mussel (Lampsilis siliquoidea) to ammonia in 28-day water exposures","docAbstract":"A draft update of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency ambient water quality criteria (AWQC) for ammonia substantially lowers the ammonia AWQC, primarily due to the inclusion of toxicity data for freshwater mussels. However, most of the mussel data used in the updated AWQC were generated from water-only exposures and limited information is available on the potential influence of the presence of a substrate on the response of mussels in laboratory toxicity tests. Our recent study demonstrated that the acute sensitivity of mussels to ammonia was not influenced by the presence of substrate in 4-d laboratory toxicity tests. The objective of the current study was to determine the sensitivity of mussels to ammonia in chronic 28-d water exposures with the sediment present (sediment treatment) or absent (water-only treatment). The chronic toxicity test was conducted starting with two-month-old juvenile mussels (fatmucket, Lampsilis siliquoidea) in a flow-through diluter system, which maintained consistent pH (???8.3) and six concentrations of total ammonia nitrogen (N) in overlying water and in sediment pore water. The chronic value (ChV, geometric mean of the no-observed-effect concentration and the lowest-observed-effect concentration) was 0.36mgN/L for survival or biomass in the water-only treatment, and was 0.66mgN/L for survival and 0.20mgN/L for biomass in the sediment treatment. The 20% effect concentration (EC20) for survival was 0.63mgN/L in the water-only treatment and was 0.86mgN/L in the sediment treatment (with overlapping 95% confidence intervals; no EC20 for biomass was estimated because the data did not meet the conditions for any logistic regression analysis). The similar ChVs or EC20s between the water-only treatment and the sediment treatment indicate that the presence of sediment did not substantially influence the sensitivity of juvenile mussels to ammonia in the 28-d chronic laboratory water exposures. ?? 2011 SETAC.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1002/etc.616","issn":"07307268","usgsCitation":"Wang, N., Consbrock, R., Ingersoll, C., and Barnhart, M., 2011, Evaluation of influence of sediment on the sensitivity of a unionid mussel (Lampsilis siliquoidea) to ammonia in 28-day water exposures: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 30, no. 10, p. 2270-2276, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.616.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"2270","endPage":"2276","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34983,"text":"Contaminant Biology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":244817,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216916,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/etc.616"}],"volume":"30","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-10-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0c8ae4b0c8380cd52bb9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wang, N.","contributorId":81615,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wang","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445267,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Consbrock, R.A.","contributorId":81721,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Consbrock","given":"R.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445268,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ingersoll, C.G. 0000-0003-4531-5949","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4531-5949","contributorId":56338,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ingersoll","given":"C.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445266,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Barnhart, M.C.","contributorId":107410,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barnhart","given":"M.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445269,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70036111,"text":"70036111 - 2011 - In vitro and in vivo antioxidant activity of a water-soluble polysaccharide from dendrobium denneanum","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-02T19:04:52.631065","indexId":"70036111","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2783,"text":"Molecules","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"In vitro and in vivo antioxidant activity of a water-soluble polysaccharide from dendrobium denneanum","docAbstract":"<p><span>The water-soluble crude polysaccharide (DDP) obtained from the aqueous extracts of the stem of&nbsp;</span><span class=\"html-italic\">Dendrobium denneanum<span>&nbsp;</span></span><span>through hot water extraction followed by ethanol precipitation</span><span class=\"html-italic\">,</span><span>&nbsp;was found to have an average molecular weight (Mw) of about 484.7 kDa. Monosaccharide analysis revealed that DDP was composed of arabinose, xylose, mannose, glucose and galactose in a molar ratio of 1.00:2.66:8.92:34.20:10.16. The investigation of antioxidant activity both&nbsp;</span><span class=\"html-italic\">in vitro</span><span>&nbsp;and&nbsp;</span><span class=\"html-italic\">in vivo</span><span>&nbsp;showed that DDP is a potential antioxidant.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"MDPI","doi":"10.3390/molecules16021579","issn":"14203049","usgsCitation":"Luo, A., Ge, Z., Fan, Y., Chun, Z., and Jin, H.X., 2011, In vitro and in vivo antioxidant activity of a water-soluble polysaccharide from dendrobium denneanum: Molecules, v. 16, no. 2, p. 1579-1592, https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules16021579.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"1579","endPage":"1592","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":475257,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules16021579","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":246428,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":218422,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules16021579"}],"volume":"16","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-02-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a39b2e4b0c8380cd619f4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Luo, A.","contributorId":28468,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luo","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454265,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ge, Zhongfu","contributorId":29709,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ge","given":"Zhongfu","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454267,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fan, Y.","contributorId":53624,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fan","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454266,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Chun, Z.","contributorId":103914,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chun","given":"Z.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454269,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Jin, He X.","contributorId":101500,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jin","given":"He","email":"","middleInitial":"X.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454268,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70036474,"text":"70036474 - 2011 - Adaptive finite volume methods with well-balanced Riemann solvers for modeling floods in rugged terrain: Application to the Malpasset dam-break flood (France, 1959)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:05","indexId":"70036474","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2023,"text":"International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Adaptive finite volume methods with well-balanced Riemann solvers for modeling floods in rugged terrain: Application to the Malpasset dam-break flood (France, 1959)","docAbstract":"The simulation of advancing flood waves over rugged topography, by solving the shallow-water equations with well-balanced high-resolution finite volume methods and block-structured dynamic adaptive mesh refinement (AMR), is described and validated in this paper. The efficiency of block-structured AMR makes large-scale problems tractable, and allows the use of accurate and stable methods developed for solving general hyperbolic problems on quadrilateral grids. Features indicative of flooding in rugged terrain, such as advancing wet-dry fronts and non-stationary steady states due to balanced source terms from variable topography, present unique challenges and require modifications such as special Riemann solvers. A well-balanced Riemann solver for inundation and general (non-stationary) flow over topography is tested in this context. The difficulties of modeling floods in rugged terrain, and the rationale for and efficacy of using AMR and well-balanced methods, are presented. The algorithms are validated by simulating the Malpasset dam-break flood (France, 1959), which has served as a benchmark problem previously. Historical field data, laboratory model data and other numerical simulation results (computed on static fitted meshes) are shown for comparison. The methods are implemented in GEOCLAW, a subset of the open-source CLAWPACK software. All the software is freely available at. Published in 2010 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1002/fld.2298","issn":"02712091","usgsCitation":"George, D., 2011, Adaptive finite volume methods with well-balanced Riemann solvers for modeling floods in rugged terrain: Application to the Malpasset dam-break flood (France, 1959): International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids, v. 66, no. 8, p. 1000-1018, https://doi.org/10.1002/fld.2298.","startPage":"1000","endPage":"1018","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":218179,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.2298"},{"id":246164,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"66","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-06-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e6e4e4b0c8380cd476e0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"George, D.L.","contributorId":54419,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"George","given":"D.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456317,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70036316,"text":"70036316 - 2011 - Agricultural practices and residual corn during spring crane and waterfowl migration in Nebraska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-19T18:53:35.407247","indexId":"70036316","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Agricultural practices and residual corn during spring crane and waterfowl migration in Nebraska","docAbstract":"<p><span>Nebraska's Central Platte River Valley (CPRV) is a major spring‐staging area for migratory birds. Over 6 million ducks, geese, and sandhill cranes (</span><i>Grus canadensis</i><span>) stage there en route to tundra, boreal forest, and prairie breeding habitats, storing nutrients for migration and reproduction by consuming primarily corn remaining in fields after harvest (hereafter residual corn). In springs 2005–2007, we measured residual corn density in randomly selected harvested cornfields during early (</span><i>n</i><span> = 188) and late migration (</span><i>n</i><span> = 143) periods. We estimated the mean density of residual corn for the CPRV and examined the influence of agricultural practices (post‐harvest field management) and migration period on residual corn density. During the early migration period, residual corn density was greater in idle harvested fields than any other treatments of fields (42%, 48%, 53%, and 92% more than grazed, grazed and mulched, mulched, and tilled fields, respectively). Depletion of residual corn from early to late migration did not differ among post‐harvest treatments but was greatest during the year when overall corn density was lowest (2006). Geometric mean early‐migration residual corn density for the CPRV in 2005–2007 (42.4 kg/ha; 95% CI = 35.2–51.5 kg/ha) was markedly lower than previously published estimates, indicating that there has been a decrease in abundance of residual corn available to waterfowl during spring staging. Increases in harvest efficiency have been implicated as a cause for decreasing corn densities since the 1970s. However, our data show that post‐harvest management of cornfields also can substantially influence the density of residual corn remaining in fields during spring migration. Thus, managers may be able to influence abundance of high‐energy foods for spring‐staging migratory birds in the CPRV through programs that influence post‐harvest management of cornfields.&nbsp;</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"The Wildlife Society","doi":"10.1002/jwmg.157","issn":"0022541X","usgsCitation":"Sherfy, M.H., Anteau, M.J., and Bishop, A., 2011, Agricultural practices and residual corn during spring crane and waterfowl migration in Nebraska: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 75, no. 5, p. 995-1003, https://doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.157.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"995","endPage":"1003","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":246250,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":218256,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.157"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nebraska","otherGeospatial":"Central Platte River Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -99.51416015625,\n              40.75974059207392\n            ],\n            [\n              -99.54711914062499,\n              40.643135583312805\n            ],\n            [\n              -98.82202148437499,\n              40.613952441166596\n            ],\n            [\n              -98.3441162109375,\n              40.75974059207392\n            ],\n            [\n              -98.45947265625,\n              40.863679665481676\n            ],\n            [\n              -98.975830078125,\n              40.730608477796636\n            ],\n            [\n              -99.51416015625,\n              40.75974059207392\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"75","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-06-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e915e4b0c8380cd480a4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sherfy, Mark H. 0000-0003-3016-4105 msherfy@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3016-4105","contributorId":125,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sherfy","given":"Mark","email":"msherfy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":455473,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Anteau, Michael J. 0000-0002-5173-5870 manteau@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5173-5870","contributorId":3427,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anteau","given":"Michael","email":"manteau@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":455472,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bishop, A.A.","contributorId":48423,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bishop","given":"A.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455474,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70033934,"text":"70033934 - 2011 - Characteristics, distribution, origin, and significance of opaline silica observed by the Spirit rover in Gusev crater, Mars","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-14T16:12:05","indexId":"70033934","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2317,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Characteristics, distribution, origin, and significance of opaline silica observed by the Spirit rover in Gusev crater, Mars","docAbstract":"<p><span>The presence of outcrops and soil (regolith) rich in opaline silica (∼65–92 wt % SiO</span><sub>2</sub><span>) in association with volcanic materials adjacent to the “Home Plate” feature in Gusev crater is evidence for hydrothermal conditions. The Spirit rover has supplied a diverse set of observations that are used here to better understand the formation of silica and the activity, abundance, and fate of water in the first hydrothermal system to be explored in situ on Mars. We apply spectral, chemical, morphological, textural, and stratigraphic observations to assess whether the silica was produced by acid sulfate leaching of precursor rocks, by precipitation from silica‐rich solutions, or by some combination. The apparent lack of S enrichment and the relatively low oxidation state of the Home Plate silica‐rich materials appear inconsistent with the originally proposed Hawaiian analog for fumarolic acid sulfate leaching. The stratiform distribution of the silica‐rich outcrops and their porous and brecciated microtextures are consistent with sinter produced by silica precipitation. There is no evidence for crystalline quartz phases among the silica occurrences, an indication of the lack of diagenetic maturation following the production of the amorphous opaline phase.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2010JE003767","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Ruff, S.W., Farmer, J., Calvin, W.M., Herkenhoff, K.E., Johnson, J.R., Morris, R., Rice, M., Arvidson, R., Bell, J., Christensen, P.R., and Squyres, S.W., 2011, Characteristics, distribution, origin, and significance of opaline silica observed by the Spirit rover in Gusev crater, Mars: Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets, v. 116, no. 4, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JE003767.","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":242108,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214385,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2010JE003767"}],"otherGeospatial":"Mars; Gustav Crater","volume":"116","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-04-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f4a9e4b0c8380cd4be41","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ruff, S. W.","contributorId":63136,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ruff","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443257,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Farmer, J.D.","contributorId":79671,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Farmer","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443259,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Calvin, W. M.","contributorId":17379,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Calvin","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443253,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Herkenhoff, Kenneth E. 0000-0002-3153-6663 kherkenhoff@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3153-6663","contributorId":2275,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herkenhoff","given":"Kenneth","email":"kherkenhoff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":443256,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Johnson, J. R.","contributorId":69278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443258,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Morris, R.V.","contributorId":6978,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morris","given":"R.V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443251,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Rice, M.S.","contributorId":105027,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rice","given":"M.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443261,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Arvidson, R. E.","contributorId":46666,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arvidson","given":"R. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443255,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Bell, J.F. III","contributorId":97612,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bell","given":"J.F.","suffix":"III","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443260,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Christensen, P. R.","contributorId":7819,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Christensen","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443252,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Squyres, S. W.","contributorId":31836,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Squyres","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443254,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}}
,{"id":70036761,"text":"70036761 - 2011 - Empirical critical loads of atmospheric nitrogen deposition for nutrient enrichment and acidification of sensitive US lakes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-21T20:22:13.40894","indexId":"70036761","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":997,"text":"BioScience","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Empirical critical loads of atmospheric nitrogen deposition for nutrient enrichment and acidification of sensitive US lakes","docAbstract":"<p><span>The ecological effects of elevated atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition on high-elevation lakes of the western and northeastern United States include nutrient enrichment and acidification. The nutrient enrichment critical load for western lakes ranged from 1.0 to 3.0 kilograms (kg) of N per hectare (ha) per year, reflecting the nearly nonexistent watershed vegetation in complex, snowmelt-dominated terrain. The nutrient enrichment critical load for northeastern lakes ranged from 3.5 to 6.0 kg N per ha per year. The N acidification critical loads associated with episodic N pulses in waters with low values of acid neutralizing capacity were 4.0 kg N per ha per year (western) and 8.0 kg N per ha per year (northeastern). The empirical critical loads for N-caused acidification were difficult to determine because of a lack of observations in the West, and high sulfur deposition in the East. For both nutrient enrichment and acidification, the N critical load was a function of how atmospheric N deposition was determined.</span></p>","largerWorkTitle":"BioScience","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1525/bio.2011.61.8.6","issn":"00063568","usgsCitation":"Baron, J., Driscoll, C.T., Stoddard, J., and Richer, E., 2011, Empirical critical loads of atmospheric nitrogen deposition for nutrient enrichment and acidification of sensitive US lakes: BioScience, v. 61, no. 8, p. 602-613, https://doi.org/10.1525/bio.2011.61.8.6.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"602","endPage":"613","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475621,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1525/bio.2011.61.8.6","text":"Publisher Index 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