The recent recipient of two major awards, Craig D. Allen, a research ecologist with the U.S. Geological Survey Fort Collins Science Center, has loved trees since childhood. He is now considered an expert of world renown on the twin phenomena of forest changes and tree mortality resulting from climate warming and drought, and in 2010 was twice recognized for his scientific contributions.
In December 2010, Dr. Allen was named a 2010 Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science “for outstanding leadership in the synthesis of global forest responses to climate change, built from worldwide collaboration and a deep understanding of the environmental history of the southwestern United States.”
In March 2010, he was honored with the Meritorious Service Award from the U.S. Department of the Interior (DOI) in recognition of his outstanding vision, initiative, and scientific contributions to the USGS, DOI, and U.S. Department of Agriculture in establishing a model science program to support adaptive land management at the new Valles Caldera National Preserve in north-central New Mexico.
Dr. Allen has authored more than 85 publications on landscape ecology and landscape change, from fire history and ecology to ecosystem responses to climate change. He has appeared on NOVA discussing fire ecology and on The Discovery Channel and Discovery Canada explaining the links between drought-induced tree mortality and climate warming, in addition to being interviewed and quoted in innumerable newspaper articles on both topics.
But how did this unassuming scientist grow from nurturing maple saplings on 40 acres in Wisconsin to understanding forest system stress worldwide?
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","usgsCitation":"Wilson, J., and Allen, C.D., 2011, Seeing the forest and the trees: USGS scientist links local changes to global scale, 1 p.","productDescription":"1 p.","numberOfPages":"1","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":291417,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57fe7f65e4b0824b2d1477b6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wilson, Jim","contributorId":10503,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wilson","given":"Jim","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":497280,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Allen, Craig D. 0000-0002-8777-5989 craig_allen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8777-5989","contributorId":2597,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"Craig","email":"craig_allen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":497281,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":99261,"text":"ofr20111045 - 2011 - The dynamics of fine-grain sediment dredged from Santa Cruz Harbor","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-08T20:32:23.510399","indexId":"ofr20111045","displayToPublicDate":"2011-05-13T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-1045","title":"The dynamics of fine-grain sediment dredged from Santa Cruz Harbor","docAbstract":"In the fall and early winter of 2009, a demonstration project was done at Santa Cruz Harbor, California, to determine if 450 m3/day of predominantly (71 percent) mud-sized sediment could be dredged from the inner portion of the harbor and discharged to the coastal ocean without significant impacts to the beach and inner shelf. During the project, more than 7600 m3 of sediment (~5400 m3 of fine-grain material) was dredged during 17 days and discharged approximately 60 m offshore of the harbor at a depth of 2 m on the inner shelf. The U.S. Geological Survey’s Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center was funded by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and the Santa Cruz Port District to do an integrated mapping and process study to investigate the fate of the mud-sized sediment dredged from the inner portion of Santa Cruz Harbor and to determine if any of the fine-grain material settled out on the shoreline and/or inner shelf during the fall and early winter of 2009. This was done by collecting high resolution oceanographic and sediment geochemical measurements along the shoreline and on the continental shelf of northern Monterey Bay to monitor the fine-grain sediment dredged from Santa Cruz Harbor and discharged onto the inner shelf. These in place measurements, in conjunction with beach, water column, and seabed surveys, were used as boundary and calibration information for a three-dimensional numerical circulation and sediment dynamics model to better understand the fate of the fine-grain sediment dredged from Santa Cruz Harbor and the potential consequences of disposing this type of material on the beach and on the northern Monterey Bay continental shelf.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20111045","usgsCitation":"Storlazzi, C., Conaway, C., Presto, M., Logan, J., Cronin, K., van Ormondt, M., Lescinski, J., Harden, E.L., Lacy, J.R., and Tonnon, P.K., 2011, The dynamics of fine-grain sediment dredged from Santa Cruz Harbor: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1045, v, 110 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111045.","productDescription":"v, 110 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116949,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2011_1045.gif"},{"id":406399,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_95194.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":14677,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1045/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Santa Cruz Harbor","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.028751373291,\n 36.930271781871554\n ],\n [\n -121.98858261108397,\n 36.930271781871554\n ],\n [\n -121.98858261108397,\n 36.964294867385455\n ],\n [\n -122.028751373291,\n 36.964294867385455\n ],\n [\n -122.028751373291,\n 36.930271781871554\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e2e4b07f02db5e4e08","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Storlazzi, Curt D. 0000-0001-8057-4490","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8057-4490","contributorId":77889,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Storlazzi","given":"Curt D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307921,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Conaway, Christopher H.","contributorId":52620,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conaway","given":"Christopher H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307919,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Presto, M. Katherine","contributorId":30192,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Presto","given":"M. Katherine","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307915,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Logan, Joshua B.","contributorId":34470,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Logan","given":"Joshua B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307916,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Cronin, Katherine","contributorId":27505,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cronin","given":"Katherine","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307914,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"van Ormondt, Maarten","contributorId":50181,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"van Ormondt","given":"Maarten","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307918,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Lescinski, Jamie","contributorId":35371,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lescinski","given":"Jamie","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307917,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Harden, E. Lynne","contributorId":54639,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harden","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"Lynne","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307920,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Lacy, Jessica R. 0000-0002-2797-6172 jlacy@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2797-6172","contributorId":3158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lacy","given":"Jessica","email":"jlacy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":307913,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Tonnon, Pieter K.","contributorId":79525,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tonnon","given":"Pieter","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307922,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":9001500,"text":"sir20095120 - 2011 - Borehole geophysical investigation of a formerly used defense site, Machiasport, Maine, 2003-2006","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-10-24T14:19:42","indexId":"sir20095120","displayToPublicDate":"2011-05-12T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-5120","title":"Borehole geophysical investigation of a formerly used defense site, Machiasport, Maine, 2003-2006","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, collected borehole geophysical logs in 18 boreholes and interpreted the data along with logs from 19 additional boreholes as part of an ongoing, collaborative investigation at three environmental restoration sites in Machiasport, Maine. These sites, located on hilltops overlooking the seacoast, formerly were used for military defense. At each of the sites, chlorinated solvents, used as part of defense-site operations, have contaminated the fractured-rock aquifer. Borehole geophysical techniques and hydraulic methods were used to characterize bedrock lithology, fractures, and hydraulic properties. In addition, each geophysical method was evaluated for effectiveness for site characterization and for potential application for further aquifer characterization and (or) evaluation of remediation efforts. Results of borehole geophysical logging indicate the subsurface is highly fractured, metavolcanic, intrusive, metasedimentary bedrock. Selected geophysical logs were cross-plotted to assess correlations between rock properties. These plots included combinations of gamma, acoustic reflectivity, electromagnetic induction conductivity, normal resistivity, and single-point resistance. The combined use of acoustic televiewer (ATV) imaging and natural gamma logs proved to be effective for delineating rock types. Each of the rock units in the study area could be mapped in the boreholes, on the basis of the gamma and ATV reflectivity signatures. The gamma and mean ATV reflectivity data were used along with the other geophysical logs for an integrated interpretation, yielding a determination of quartz monzonite, rhyolite, metasedimentary units, or diabase/gabbro rock types. The interpretation of rock types on the basis of the geophysical logs compared well to drilling logs and geologic mapping. These results may be helpful for refining the geologic framework at depth. A stereoplot of all fractures intersecting the boreholes indicates numerous fractures, a high proportion of steeply dipping fractures, and considerable variation in fracture orientation. Low-dip-angle fractures associated with unloading and exfoliation are also present, especially at a depth of less than 100 feet below the top of casing. These sub-horizontal fractures help to connect the steeply dipping fractures, making this a highly connected fracture network. The high variability in the fracture orientations also increases the connectivity of the fracture network. A preliminary comparison of all fracture data from all the boreholes suggests fracturing decreases with depth. Because all the boreholes were not drilled to the same depth, however, there is a clear sampling bias. Hence, the deepest boreholes are analyzed separately for fracture density. For the deepest boreholes in the study, the intensity of fracturing does not decline significantly with depth. It is possible the fractures observed in these boreholes become progressively tighter or closed with depth, but this is difficult to verify with the borehole methods used in this investigation. The fact that there are more sealed fractures at depth (observed in optical televiewer logs in some of the boreholes) may indicate less opening of the sealed fractures, less water moving through the rock, and less weathering of the fracture infilling minerals. Although the fracture orientation remained fairly constant with depth, differences in the fracture patterns for the three restoration sites indicate the orientation of fractures varies across the study area. The fractures in boreholes on Miller Mountain predominantly strike northwest-southeast, and to a lesser degree they strike northeast. The fractures on or near the summit of Howard Mountain strike predominantly east-west and dip north and south, and the fractures near the Transmitter Site strike northeast-southwest and dip northwest and southeast. The fracture populations for the boreholes on or near the summit of Howard Mountain show more variation than at the other two sites. This variation may be related to the proximity of the fault, which is northeast of the summit of Howard Mountain. In a side-by-side comparison of stereoplots from selected boreholes, there was no clear correspondence between fracture orientation and proximity to the fault. There is, however, a difference in the total populations of fractures for the boreholes on or near the summit of Howard Mountain and the boreholes near the Transmitter Site. Further to the southwest and further away from the fault, the fractures at the Transmitter Site predominantly strike northeast-southwest and northwest-southeast.Heat-pulse flowmeter (HPFM) logging was used to identify transmissive fractures and to estimate the hydraulic properties along the boreholes. Ambient downflow was measured in 13 boreholes and ambient upflow was measured in 9 boreholes. In nine other bedrock boreholes, the HPFM did not detect measurable vertical flow. The observed direction of vertical flow in the boreholes generally was consistent with the conceptual flow model of downward movement in recharge locations and upward flow in discharge locations or at breaks in the slope of land surface. Under low-rate pumping or injection rates [0.25 to 1 gallon per minute (gal/min)], one to three inflow zones were identified in each borehole. Two limitations of HPFM methods are (1) the HPFM can only identify zones within 1.5 to 2 orders of magnitude of the most transmissive zone in each borehole, and (2) the HPFM cannot detect flow rates less than 0.010 + or - 0.005 gal/min, which corresponds to a transmissivity of about 1 foot squared per day (ft2/d). Consequently, the HPFM is considered an effective tool for identifying the most transmissive fractures in a borehole, down to its detection level. Transmissivities below that cut-off must be measured with another method, such as packer testing or fluid-replacement logging. Where sufficient water-level and flowmeter data were available, HPFM results were numerically modeled. For each borehole model, the fracture location and measured flow rates were specified, and the head and transmissivity of each fracture zone were adjusted until a model fit was achieved with the interpreted ambient and stressed flow profiles. The transmissivities calculated by this method are similar to the results of an open-hole slug test; with the added information from the flowmeter, however, the head and transmissivity of discrete zones also can be determined. The discrete-interval transmissivities ranged from 0.16 to 330 ft2/d. The flowmeter-derived open-hole transmissivity, which is the combined total of each of the transmissive zones, ranged from 1 to 511 ft2/d. The whole-well open-hole transmissivity values determined with HPFM methods were compared to the results of open-hole hydraulic tests. Despite the fact that the flowmeter-derived transmissivities consistently were lower than the estimates derived from open-hole hydraulic tests alone, the correlation was very strong (with a coefficient of determination, R2, of 0.9866), indicating the HPFM method provides a reasonable estimate of transmissivities for the most transmissive fractures in the borehole. Geologic framework, fracture characterization, and estimates of hydraulic properties were interpreted together to characterize the fracture network. The data and interpretation presented in this report should provide information useful for site investigators as the conceptual site groundwater flow model is refined. Collectively, the results and the conceptual site model are important for evaluating remediation options and planning or implementing the design of a well field and borehole completions that will be adequate for monitoring flow, remediation efforts, groundwater levels, and (or) water quality. Similar kinds of borehole geophysical logging (specifically the borehole imaging, gamma, fluid logs, and HPFM) should be conducted in any newly installed boreholes and integrated with interpretations of any nearby boreholes. If boreholes are installed close to existing or other new boreholes, cross-hole flowmeter surveys may be appropriate and may help characterize the aquifer properties and connections between the boreholes.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20095120","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the\r\nU.S. Army Corps of Engineers, New England District","usgsCitation":"Johnson, C.D., Mondazzi, R.A., and Joesten, P.K., 2011, Borehole geophysical investigation of a formerly used defense site, Machiasport, Maine, 2003-2006: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2009-5120, Report: viii, 75 p.; 6 Appendixes, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20095120.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 75 p.; 6 Appendixes","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2003-01-01","temporalEnd":"2006-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":486,"text":"OGW Branch of Geophysics","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116985,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2009_5120.jpg"},{"id":368562,"rank":4,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2009/5120/pdf/Appendixes%201-6_individual/sir2009-5120_apx01.pdf","text":"Appendix 1"},{"id":368564,"rank":5,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2009/5120/pdf/Appendixes%201-6_individual/sir2009-5120_apx03.pdf","text":"Appendix 3"},{"id":368563,"rank":4,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2009/5120/pdf/Appendixes%201-6_individual/sir2009-5120_apx02.pdf","text":"Appendix 2"},{"id":368565,"rank":6,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2009/5120/pdf/Appendixes%201-6_individual/sir2009-5120_apx04.pdf","text":"Appendix 4"},{"id":368566,"rank":7,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2009/5120/pdf/Appendixes%201-6_individual/sir2009-5120_apx05.pdf","text":"Appendix 5"},{"id":368567,"rank":8,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2009/5120/pdf/Appendixes%201-6_individual/sir2009-5120_apx06.pdf","text":"Appendix 6"},{"id":19868,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2009/5120/pdf/sir2009-5120_text_508.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Maine","city":"Machiasport","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -67.50240325927734,\n 44.618088532560364\n ],\n [\n -67.24113464355469,\n 44.618088532560364\n ],\n [\n -67.24113464355469,\n 44.75429167998072\n ],\n [\n -67.50240325927734,\n 44.75429167998072\n ],\n [\n -67.50240325927734,\n 44.618088532560364\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a14e4b07f02db602a09","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, Carole D. 0000-0001-6941-1578 cjohnson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6941-1578","contributorId":1891,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Carole","email":"cjohnson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":344636,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mondazzi, Remo A.","contributorId":77898,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mondazzi","given":"Remo","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344638,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Joesten, Peter K. pjoesten@usgs.gov","contributorId":1929,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Joesten","given":"Peter","email":"pjoesten@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":486,"text":"OGW Branch of Geophysics","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":344637,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70148187,"text":"70148187 - 2011 - Social network models predict movement and connectivity in ecological landscapes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-05-26T10:09:16","indexId":"70148187","displayToPublicDate":"2011-05-11T11:15:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3165,"text":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Social network models predict movement and connectivity in ecological landscapes","docAbstract":"Network analysis is on the rise across scientific disciplines because of its ability to reveal complex, and often emergent, patterns and dynamics. Nonetheless, a growing concern in network analysis is the use of limited data for constructing networks. This concern is strikingly relevant to ecology and conservation biology, where network analysis is used to infer connectivity across landscapes. In this context, movement among patches is the crucial parameter for interpreting connectivity but because of the difficulty of collecting reliable movement data, most network analysis proceeds with only indirect information on movement across landscapes rather than using observed movement to construct networks. Statistical models developed for social networks provide promising alternatives for landscape network construction because they can leverage limited movement information to predict linkages. Using two mark-recapture datasets on individual movement and connectivity across landscapes, we test whether commonly used network constructions for interpreting connectivity can predict actual linkages and network structure, and we contrast these approaches to social network models. We find that currently applied network constructions for assessing connectivity consistently, and substantially, overpredict actual connectivity, resulting in considerable overestimation of metapopulation lifetime. Furthermore, social network models provide accurate predictions of network structure, and can do so with remarkably limited data on movement. Social network models offer a flexible and powerful way for not only understanding the factors influencing connectivity but also for providing more reliable estimates of connectivity and metapopulation persistence in the face of limited data.
","language":"English","publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1073/pnas.1107549108","collaboration":"US Army Corps of Engineers; US Fish and Wildlife Service; US Geological Survey; National Science Foundation (NSF) Quantitative Spatial Ecology, Evolution, and Environment (QSE3) at the University of Florida","usgsCitation":"Fletcher, R.J., Acevedo, M., Reichert, B.E., Pias, K., and Kitchens, W.M., 2011, Social network models predict movement and connectivity in ecological landscapes: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, v. 108, no. 48, p. 19282-19287, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1107549108.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"19282","endPage":"19287","numberOfPages":"6","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-030070","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475003,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1107549108","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":300773,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"108","issue":"48","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-11-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55659956e4b0d9246a9eb644","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fletcher, Robert J. Jr.","contributorId":41294,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fletcher","given":"Robert","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":547586,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Acevedo, M.A.","contributorId":91317,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Acevedo","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":547587,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Reichert, Brian E. 0000-0002-9640-0695","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9640-0695","contributorId":22166,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reichert","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":547588,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pias, Kyle E.","contributorId":26535,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pias","given":"Kyle E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":547589,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kitchens, Wiley M. kitchensw@usgs.gov","contributorId":2851,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kitchens","given":"Wiley","email":"kitchensw@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":547546,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":99260,"text":"tm6A37 - 2011 - MODFLOW-NWT, a Newton formulation for MODFLOW-2005","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-05-25T13:14:41.301706","indexId":"tm6A37","displayToPublicDate":"2011-05-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":335,"text":"Techniques and Methods","code":"TM","onlineIssn":"2328-7055","printIssn":"2328-7047","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"6-A37","title":"MODFLOW-NWT, a Newton formulation for MODFLOW-2005","docAbstract":"This report documents a Newton formulation of MODFLOW-2005, called MODFLOW-NWT. MODFLOW-NWT is a standalone program that is intended for solving problems involving drying and rewetting nonlinearities of the unconfined groundwater-flow equation. MODFLOW-NWT must be used with the Upstream-Weighting (UPW) Package for calculating intercell conductances in a different manner than is done in the Block-Centered Flow (BCF), Layer Property Flow (LPF), or Hydrogeologic-Unit Flow (HUF; Anderman and Hill, 2000) Packages.\r\n\r\nThe UPW Package treats nonlinearities of cell drying and rewetting by use of a continuous function of groundwater head, rather than the discrete approach of drying and rewetting that is used by the BCF, LPF, and HUF Packages. This further enables application of the Newton formulation for unconfined groundwater-flow problems because conductance derivatives required by the Newton method are smooth over the full range of head for a model cell.\r\n\r\nThe NWT linearization approach generates an asymmetric matrix, which is different from the standard MODFLOW formulation that generates a symmetric matrix. Because all linear solvers presently available for use with MODFLOW-2005 solve only symmetric matrices, MODFLOW-NWT includes two previously developed asymmetric matrix-solver options. The matrix-solver options include a generalized-minimum-residual (GMRES) Solver and an Orthomin / stabilized conjugate-gradient (CGSTAB) Solver. The GMRES Solver is documented in a previously published report, such that only a brief description and input instructions are provided in this report. However, the CGSTAB Solver (called XMD) is documented in this report.\r\n\r\nFlow-property input for the UPW Package is designed based on the LPF Package and material-property input is identical to that for the LPF Package except that the rewetting and vertical-conductance correction options of the LPF Package are not available with the UPW Package. Input files constructed for the LPF Package can be used with slight modification as input for the UPW Package. This report presents the theory and methods used by MODFLOW-NWT, including the UPW Package. Additionally, this report provides comparisons of the new methodology to analytical solutions of groundwater flow and to standard MODFLOW-2005 results by use of an unconfined aquifer MODFLOW example problem. The standard MODFLOW-2005 simulation uses the LPF Package with the wet/dry option active. A new example problem also is presented to demonstrate MODFLOW-NWT's ability to provide a solution for a difficult unconfined groundwater-flow problem.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/tm6A37","collaboration":"Groundwater Resources Program","usgsCitation":"Niswonger, R., Panday, S., and Ibaraki, M., 2011, MODFLOW-NWT, a Newton formulation for MODFLOW-2005: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques and Methods 6-A37, vii, 44 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/tm6A37.","productDescription":"vii, 44 p.","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":14676,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/tm6a37/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":116983,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/tm_6_a37.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a7fe4b07f02db648d45","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Niswonger, Richard G.","contributorId":45402,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Niswonger","given":"Richard G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307910,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Panday, Sorab","contributorId":100513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Panday","given":"Sorab","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307912,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ibaraki, Motomu","contributorId":81235,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ibaraki","given":"Motomu","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307911,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":99259,"text":"ds596 - 2011 - Locations and attributes of wind turbines in New Mexico, 2009","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:56","indexId":"ds596","displayToPublicDate":"2011-05-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"596","title":"Locations and attributes of wind turbines in New Mexico, 2009","docAbstract":"The New Mexico wind-turbine data series provides geospatial data for all wind turbines established within the State as of August 2009. Attributes specific to each turbine include: turbine location, manufacturer and model, rotor diameter, hub height, rotor height, potential megawatt output, land ownership, and county. Wind energy facility data for each turbine include: facility name, facility power capacity, number of turbines associated with each facility to date, facility developer, facility ownership, year the facility went online, and development status of wind facility. Turbine locations were derived from 1-meter August 2009 true-color aerial photographs produced by the National Agriculture Imagery Program; the photographs have a positional accuracy of about + or - 5 meters. The location of turbines under construction during August 2009 likely will be less accurate than the location of existing turbines. \r\n\r\nThis data series contributes to an Online Interactive Energy Atlas currently (2011) in development by the U.S. Geological Survey. The Energy Atlas will synthesize data on existing and potential energy development in Colorado and New Mexico and will include additional natural resource data layers. This information may be used by decisionmakers to evaluate and compare the potential benefits and tradeoffs associated with different energy development strategies or scenarios. Interactive maps, downloadable data layers, comprehensive metadata, and decision-support tools will be included in the Energy Atlas. The format of the Energy Atlas will facilitate the integration of information about energy with key terrestrial and aquatic resources for evaluating resource values and minimizing risks from energy development. \r\n","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ds596","usgsCitation":"Carr, N.B., Diffendorfer, J.E., Fancher, T., Latysh, N.E., Leib, K.J., Matherne, A., and Turner, C., 2011, Locations and attributes of wind turbines in New Mexico, 2009: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 596, Downloads Directory, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds596.","productDescription":"Downloads Directory","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116984,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds_596.bmp"},{"id":14675,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/596/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a69e4b07f02db63bf51","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carr, Natasha B. 0000-0002-4842-0632 carrn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4842-0632","contributorId":1918,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carr","given":"Natasha","email":"carrn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":307905,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Diffendorfer, Jay E. 0000-0003-1093-6948 jediffendorfer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1093-6948","contributorId":55137,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Diffendorfer","given":"Jay","email":"jediffendorfer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":307909,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fancher, Tammy S.","contributorId":17689,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fancher","given":"Tammy S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307906,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Latysh, Natalie E.","contributorId":39860,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Latysh","given":"Natalie","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307908,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Leib, Kenneth J. 0000-0002-0373-0768 kjleib@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0373-0768","contributorId":701,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leib","given":"Kenneth","email":"kjleib@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":307903,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Matherne, Anne-Marie 0000-0002-5873-2226","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5873-2226","contributorId":32279,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Matherne","given":"Anne-Marie","affiliations":[{"id":472,"text":"New Mexico Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":307907,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Turner, Christine cturner@usgs.gov","contributorId":1189,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Turner","given":"Christine","email":"cturner@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":307904,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":99258,"text":"ds597 - 2011 - Locations and attributes of wind turbines in Colorado, 2009","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:51","indexId":"ds597","displayToPublicDate":"2011-05-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"597","title":"Locations and attributes of wind turbines in Colorado, 2009","docAbstract":"The Colorado wind-turbine data series provides geospatial data for all wind turbines established within the State as of August 2009. Attributes specific to each turbine include: turbine location, manufacturer and model, rotor diameter, hub height, rotor height, potential megawatt output, land ownership, and county. Wind energy facility data for each turbine include: facility name, facility power capacity, number of turbines associated with each facility to date, facility developer, facility ownership, year the facility went online, and development status of wind facility. Turbine locations were derived from August 2009 1-meter true-color aerial photographs produced by the National Agriculture Imagery Program; the photographs have a positional accuracy of about + or - 5 meters. The location of turbines under construction during August 2009 likely will be less accurate than the location of existing turbines. \r\n\r\nThis data series contributes to an Online Interactive Energy Atlas currently (2011) in development by the U.S. Geological Survey. The Energy Atlas will synthesize data on existing and potential energy development in Colorado and New Mexico and will include additional natural resource data layers. This information may be used by decisionmakers to evaluate and compare the potential benefits and tradeoffs associated with different energy development strategies or scenarios. Interactive maps, downloadable data layers, comprehensive metadata, and decision-support tools will be included in the Energy Atlas. The format of the Energy Atlas will facilitate the integration of information about energy with key terrestrial and aquatic resources for evaluating resource values and minimizing risks from energy development. \r\n","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ds597","usgsCitation":"Carr, N.B., Diffendorfer, J.E., Fancher, T., Latysh, N.E., Leib, K.J., Matherne, A., and Turner, C., 2011, Locations and attributes of wind turbines in Colorado, 2009: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 597, Downloads Directory, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds597.","productDescription":"Downloads Directory","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":14674,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/597/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":116981,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds_597.png"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a69e4b07f02db63bf4f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carr, Natasha B. 0000-0002-4842-0632 carrn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4842-0632","contributorId":1918,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carr","given":"Natasha","email":"carrn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":307898,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Diffendorfer, Jay E. 0000-0003-1093-6948 jediffendorfer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1093-6948","contributorId":55137,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Diffendorfer","given":"Jay","email":"jediffendorfer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":307902,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fancher, Tammy S.","contributorId":17689,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fancher","given":"Tammy S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307899,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Latysh, Natalie E.","contributorId":39860,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Latysh","given":"Natalie","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307901,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Leib, Kenneth J. 0000-0002-0373-0768 kjleib@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0373-0768","contributorId":701,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leib","given":"Kenneth","email":"kjleib@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":307896,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Matherne, Anne-Marie 0000-0002-5873-2226","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5873-2226","contributorId":32279,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Matherne","given":"Anne-Marie","affiliations":[{"id":472,"text":"New Mexico Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":307900,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Turner, Christine cturner@usgs.gov","contributorId":1189,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Turner","given":"Christine","email":"cturner@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":307897,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":99254,"text":"ofr20111109 - 2011 - Avian community responses to juniper woodland structure and thinning treatments on the Colorado Plateau","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-25T14:02:27","indexId":"ofr20111109","displayToPublicDate":"2011-05-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-1109","title":"Avian community responses to juniper woodland structure and thinning treatments on the Colorado Plateau","docAbstract":"Federal land managers are increasingly implementing fuels-reduction treatments throughout the western United States with objectives of ecological restoration and fire hazard reduction in pinyon-juniper (Pinus spp.-Juniperus spp.) woodlands. The pinyon-juniper woodland ecosystem complex is highly variable across the western landscape, as is bird community composition. We investigated relations between breeding birds and vegetation characteristics in modified pinyon-juniper woodlands at three sites (BLM, USFS, NPS) on the Colorado Plateau. During the breeding seasons of 2005 and 2006, we surveyed birds and measured vegetation in 74 study plots. These plots were each 3.1 hectares (ha; 7.6 acres), located across the range of natural variation, with 41 control sites and 33 plots in areas previously thinned by hand-cutting or chaining. We found that relations of avian pinyon-juniper specialists and priority species to vegetation characteristics were generally in agreement with the findings of previous studies and known nesting and feeding habits of those birds. Relatively high density of pinyon pines was important to species richness and abundance in 6 of 14 species. Abundance of all species was related to treatment method, and we found no difference in bird communities at chaining and hand-cut sites.\nWe also studied responses of breeding birds to mechanical reduction of pinyon-juniper woodlands scattered across sagebrush steppe in 11 control and 9 treatment plots at Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument, Utah, in 2005 and 2006. We surveyed birds in 3.1-ha (7.6-acre) plots during the breeding season before and following treatment. Thinning in April 2006 removed a mean of 92 percent (standard error = 6.4 percent) of the live trees from treatment plots. Two of 14 species, Gray Vireo (Vireo vicinior) and Brown-headed Cowbird (Molothrus ater), were not detected after thinning. Shrub-nesting birds, including sagebrush specialist Brewer's Sparrow (Spizella breweri), increased in relative abundance in treatment areas compared to controls. However, some species may exhibit a time lag in response, and further changes in community composition and abundance could result. Our findings lend support to the concept that multiple small-scale fuels-reduction treatments, applied over the landscape, may provide the variety of successional stages needed to support a full assemblage of avian species in pinyon-juniper woodlands on the Colorado Plateau. Limiting scale and increasing precision of fuels-reduction projects in pinyon-juniper vegetation communities may maximize the benefits of management to both the pinyon-juniper and sagebrush steppe avian communities. We conclude that small-scale fuels-reduction treatments can benefit many bird species while reducing fire risk and restoring an ecological balance.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20111109","collaboration":"In cooperation with The University of Arizona, School of Natural Resources and the Environment","usgsCitation":"Crow, C., and van Riper, C., 2011, Avian community responses to juniper woodland structure and thinning treatments on the Colorado Plateau: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1109, v, 32 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111109.","productDescription":"v, 32 p.","numberOfPages":"37","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116927,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2011_1109.gif"},{"id":14670,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1109/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a94e4b07f02db659402","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Crow, Claire","contributorId":103778,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crow","given":"Claire","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307880,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"van Riper, Charles III 0000-0003-1084-5843 charles_van_riper@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1084-5843","contributorId":169488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"van Riper","given":"Charles","suffix":"III","email":"charles_van_riper@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":307879,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":9001494,"text":"ofr20111107 - 2011 - Seasonal distribution and aerial surveys of mountain goats in Mount Rainier, North Cascades, and Olympic National Parks, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-11T11:15:12","indexId":"ofr20111107","displayToPublicDate":"2011-05-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-1107","title":"Seasonal distribution and aerial surveys of mountain goats in Mount Rainier, North Cascades, and Olympic National Parks, Washington","docAbstract":"We described the seasonal distribution of Geographic Positioning System (GPS)-collared mountain goats (Oreamnos americanus) in Mount Rainier, North Cascades, and Olympic National Parks to evaluate aerial survey sampling designs and provide general information for park managers. This work complemented a companion study published elsewhere of aerial detection biases of mountain goat surveys in western Washington. Specific objectives reported here were to determine seasonal and altitudinal movements, home range distributions, and temporal dynamics of mountain goat movements in and out of aerial survey sampling frames established within each park. We captured 25 mountain goats in Mount Rainier (9), North Cascades (5), and Olympic (11) National Parks, and fitted them with GPS-collars programmed to obtain 6-8 locations daily. We obtained location data on 23 mountain goats for a range of 39-751 days from 2003 to 2008. Altitudinal distributions of GPS-collared mountain goats varied individually and seasonally, but median altitudes used by individual goats during winter ranged from 817 to 1,541 meters in Olympic and North Cascades National Parks, and 1,215 to 1,787 meters in Mount Rainier National Park. Median altitudes used by GPS-collared goats during summer ranged from 1,312 to 1,819 meters in Olympic and North Cascades National Parks, and 1,780 to 2,061 meters in Mount Rainier National Park. GPS-collared mountain goats generally moved from low-altitude winter ranges to high-altitude summer ranges between June 11 and June 19 (range April 24-July 3) and from summer to winter ranges between October 26 and November 9 (range September 11-December 23). Seasonal home ranges (95 percent of adaptive kernel utilization distribution) of males and female mountain goats were highly variable, ranging from 1.6 to 37.0 kilometers during summers and 0.7 to 9.5 kilometers during winters. Locations of GPS-collared mountain goats were almost 100 percent within the sampling frame used for mountain goat surveys in Mount Rainier National Park, whereas generally greater than 80 and greater than 60 percent of locations were within sampling units delineated in North Cascades and Olympic National Parks, respectively. Presence of GPS-collared mountain goats within the sampling frame of Olympic National Park varied by diurnal period (midday versus crepuscular), survey season (July versus September), and the interaction of diurnal period and survey season. Aerial surveys conducted in developing a sightability model for mountain goat aerial surveys indicated mean detection probabilities of 0.69, 0.76, and 0.87 in North Cascades, Olympic, and Mount Rainier National Parks, respectively. Higher detection probabilities in Mount Rainier likely reflected larger group sizes and more open habitat conditions than in North Cascades and Olympic National Parks. Use of sightability models will reduce biases of population estimates in each park, but resulting population estimates must still be considered minimum population estimates in Olympic and North Cascades National Parks because the current sampling frames do not encompass those populations completely. Because mountain goats were reliably present within the sampling frame in Mount Rainier National Park, we found no compelling need to adjust mountain goat survey boundaries in that park. Expanding survey coverage in North Cascades and Olympic National Parks to more reliably encompass the altitudinal distribution of mountain goats during summer would enhance population estimation accuracy in the future. Lowering the altitude boundary of mountain goat survey units by as little as 100 meters to 1,425 meters in Olympic National Park would increase mountain goat presence within the survey and reduce variation in counts related to movements of mountain goats outside the survey boundaries.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20111107","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. National Park Service and Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife","usgsCitation":"Jenkins, K., Beirne, K., Happe, P., Hoffman, R., Rice, C., and Schaberl, J., 2011, Seasonal distribution and aerial surveys of mountain goats in Mount Rainier, North Cascades, and Olympic National Parks, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1107, vi, 26 p.; Appendices, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111107.","productDescription":"vi, 26 p.; Appendices","numberOfPages":"56","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116945,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2011_1107.jpg"},{"id":19865,"rank":200,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1107","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":298139,"rank":201,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1107/pdf/ofr20111107.pdf","text":"Report","size":"30 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abde4b07f02db673e5b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jenkins, Kurt","contributorId":30681,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jenkins","given":"Kurt","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":344622,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Beirne, Katherine","contributorId":58754,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beirne","given":"Katherine","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344624,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Happe, Patricia","contributorId":83248,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Happe","given":"Patricia","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344625,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hoffman, Roger","contributorId":102192,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoffman","given":"Roger","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344627,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Rice, Cliff","contributorId":99272,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rice","given":"Cliff","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344626,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Schaberl, Jim","contributorId":49093,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schaberl","given":"Jim","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344623,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":99253,"text":"sir20105223 - 2011 - Effects of recreational flow releases on natural resources of the Indian and Hudson Rivers in the Central Adirondack Mountains, New York, 2004-06","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-03-25T13:33:41","indexId":"sir20105223","displayToPublicDate":"2011-05-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-5223","title":"Effects of recreational flow releases on natural resources of the Indian and Hudson Rivers in the Central Adirondack Mountains, New York, 2004-06","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (NYSDEC), and Cornell University carried out a cooperative 2-year study from the fall of 2004 through the fall of 2006 to characterize the potential effects of recreational-flow releases from Lake Abanakee on natural resources in the Indian and Hudson Rivers. Researchers gathered baseline information on hydrology, temperature, habitat, nearshore wetlands, and macroinvertebrate and fish communities and assessed the behavior and thermoregulation of stocked brown trout in study reaches from both rivers and from a control river. The effects of recreational-flow releases (releases) were assessed by comparing data from affected reaches with data from the same reaches during nonrelease days, control reaches in a nearby run-of-the-river system (the Cedar River), and one reach in the Hudson River upstream from the confluence with the Indian River. A streamgage downstream from Lake Abanakee transmitted data by satellite from November 2004 to November 2006; these data were used as the basis for developing a rating curve that was used to estimate discharges for the study period. River habitat at most study reaches was delineated by using Global Positioning System and ArcMap software on a handheld computer, and wetlands were mapped by ground-based measurements of length, width, and areal density. River temperature in the Indian and Hudson Rivers was monitored continuously at eight sites during June through September of 2005 and 2006; temperature was mapped in 2005 by remote imaging made possible through collaboration with the Rochester Institute of Technology. Fish communities at all study reaches were surveyed and characterized through quantitative, nearshore electrofishing surveys. Macroinvertebrate communities in all study reaches were sampled using the traveling-kick method and characterized using standard indices. Radio telemetry was used to track the movement and persistence of stocked brown trout (implanted with temperature-sensitive transmitters) in the Indian and Hudson Rivers during the summer of 2005 and in all three rivers during the summer of 2006. The releases had little effect on river temperatures, but increased discharges by about one order of magnitude. Regardless of the releases, river temperatures at all study sites commonly exceeded the threshold known to be stressful to brown trout. At most sites, mean and median water temperatures on release days were not significantly different, or slightly lower, than water temperatures on nonrelease days. Most differences were very small and, thus, were probably not biologically meaningful. The releases generally increased the total surface area of fast-water habitat (rapids, runs, and riffles) and decreased the total surface area of slow-water habitat (pools, glides, backwater areas, and side channels). The total surface areas of wetlands bordering the Indian River were substantially smaller than the surface areas bordering the Cedar River; however, no channel geomorphology or watershed soil and topographic data were assessed to determine whether the releases or other factors were mainly responsible for observed differences. Results from surveys of resident biota indicate that the releases generally had a limited effect on fish and macroinvertebrate communities in the Indian River and had no effect on communities in the Hudson River. Compared to fish data from Cedar River control sites, the impoundment appeared to reduce total density, biomass, and richness in the Indian River at the first site downstream from Lake Abanakee, moderately reduce the indexes at the other two sites on the Indian River, and slightly reduce the indexes at the first Hudson River site downstream from the confluence with the Indian River. The densities of individual fish populations at all Indian River sites were also reduced, but related effects on fish populations in the Hudson River were less evident. Altho
","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20105223","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the\r\nNew York State Department of Environmental Conservation","usgsCitation":"Baldigo, B., Mulvihill, C., Ernst, A., and Boisvert, B., 2011, Effects of recreational flow releases on natural resources of the Indian and Hudson Rivers in the Central Adirondack Mountains, New York, 2004-06: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2010-5223, xix, 72 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20105223.","productDescription":"xix, 72 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116926,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2010_5223.gif"},{"id":14669,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5223/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a29e4b07f02db611998","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Baldigo, Barry P. 0000-0002-9862-9119","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9862-9119","contributorId":25174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baldigo","given":"Barry P.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":307877,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mulvihill, C.I.","contributorId":17350,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mulvihill","given":"C.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307876,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ernst, A.G.","contributorId":8973,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ernst","given":"A.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307875,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Boisvert, B.A.","contributorId":79601,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boisvert","given":"B.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307878,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":9001497,"text":"sir20115038 - 2011 - Monitoring CO2 emissions in tree kill areas near the resurgent dome at Long Valley Caldera, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-04T22:14:02.419562","indexId":"sir20115038","displayToPublicDate":"2011-05-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-5038","displayTitle":"Monitoring CO2 emissions in tree kill areas near the resurgent dome at Long Valley Caldera, California","title":"Monitoring CO2 emissions in tree kill areas near the resurgent dome at Long Valley Caldera, California","docAbstract":"We report results of yearly measurements of the diffuse CO2 flux and shallow soil temperatures collected since 2006 across two sets of tree-kill areas at Long Valley Caldera, California. These data provide background information about CO2 discharge during a period with moderate seismicity, but little to no deformation. The tree kills are located at long-recognized areas of weak thermal fluid upflow, but have expanded in recent years, possibly in response to geothermal fluid production at Casa Diablo. The amount of CO2 discharged from the older kill area at Basalt Canyon is fairly constant and is around 3-5 tonnes of CO2 per day from an area of about 15,000 m2. The presence of isobutane in gas samples from sites in and around Basalt Canyon suggests that geothermal fluid production directly effects fluid upflow in the region close to the power plant. The average fluxes at Shady Rest are lower than average fluxes at Basalt Canyon, but the area affected by fluid upflow is larger. Total CO2 discharged from the central portion of the kill area at Shady Rest has been variable, ranging from 6 to11 tonnes per day across 61,000 m2. Gas collected at Shady Rest contains no detectable isobutane to link emissions chemically to geothermal fluid production, but two samples from 2009-10 have detectable H2S and suggest an increasing geothermal character of emitted gas. The appearance of this gas at the surface may signal increased drawdown of water levels near the geothermal productions wells.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20115038","usgsCitation":"Bergfeld, D., and Evans, W.C., 2011, Monitoring CO2 emissions in tree kill areas near the resurgent dome at Long Valley Caldera, California: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5038, iv, 9 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20115038.","productDescription":"iv, 9 p.","numberOfPages":"22","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116928,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2011_5038.gif"},{"id":19867,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5038/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":395503,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_95189.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Long Valley caldera","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -118.9594,\n 37.6378\n ],\n [\n -118.8389,\n 37.6378\n ],\n [\n -118.8389,\n 37.7342\n ],\n [\n -118.9594,\n 37.7342\n ],\n [\n -118.9594,\n 37.6378\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b04e4b07f02db6991ee","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bergfeld, D. dbergfel@usgs.gov","contributorId":2069,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bergfeld","given":"D.","email":"dbergfel@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":344634,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Evans, William C. 0000-0001-5942-3102 wcevans@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5942-3102","contributorId":2353,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evans","given":"William","email":"wcevans@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":344635,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70173464,"text":"70173464 - 2011 - Evaluation of hypotheses for explaining temporal trends in Atlantic salmon parr densities in Northeast U.S. Rivers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-14T16:21:21","indexId":"70173464","displayToPublicDate":"2011-05-09T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluation of hypotheses for explaining temporal trends in Atlantic salmon parr densities in Northeast U.S. Rivers","docAbstract":"Atlantic salmon Salmo salar in the USA have declined dramatically and their persistence is heavily dependent on stocking juvenile fish, predominantly fry. The success of stocking hatchery fry is evaluated annually throughout New England by electrofishing surveys targeting age-1 parr. The objective of this study was to examine temporal trends in Atlantic salmon parr densities throughout New England and determine how trends vary among river basins. We fit generalized additive mixed models to investigate potential linear and nonlinear temporal trends in parr density. Akaike's information criterion was used to evaluate competing hypotheses about how temporal trends vary regionally. The top-ranked model suggested two types of trends. The first type (the Penobscot River) showed a nonlinear trend in which parr densities increased until the 1990s and then rapidly decreased through 2008. The second type (all other rivers) showed a linear decrease throughout the time series. Parr density trends reflected trends in spawning escapement for each river group. We conclude that fry stocking has not been able to overcome the decrease in spawning escapement in altered stream ecosystems in New England and that additional management strategies should be considered.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/02755947.2011.574081","usgsCitation":"Wagner, T., and Sweka, J.A., 2011, Evaluation of hypotheses for explaining temporal trends in Atlantic salmon parr densities in Northeast U.S. Rivers: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 31, no. 2, p. 340-351, https://doi.org/10.1080/02755947.2011.574081.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"340","endPage":"351","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-020938","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":323615,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"31","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-05-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57612ab1e4b04f417c2ce4aa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wagner, Tyler 0000-0003-1726-016X twagner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1726-016X","contributorId":1050,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wagner","given":"Tyler","email":"twagner@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":637164,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sweka, John A.","contributorId":80945,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sweka","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":638822,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":99251,"text":"tm6E4 - 2011 - ModelMate - A graphical user interface for model analysis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-02T17:16:08","indexId":"tm6E4","displayToPublicDate":"2011-05-09T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":335,"text":"Techniques and Methods","code":"TM","onlineIssn":"2328-7055","printIssn":"2328-7047","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"6-E4","title":"ModelMate - A graphical user interface for model analysis","docAbstract":"ModelMate is a graphical user interface designed to facilitate use of model-analysis programs with models. This initial version of ModelMate supports one model-analysis program, UCODE_2005, and one model software program, MODFLOW-2005. ModelMate can be used to prepare input files for UCODE_2005, run UCODE_2005, and display analysis results. A link to the GW_Chart graphing program facilitates visual interpretation of results. ModelMate includes capabilities for organizing directories used with the parallel-processing capabilities of UCODE_2005 and for maintaining files in those directories to be identical to a set of files in a master directory. ModelMate can be used on its own or in conjunction with ModelMuse, a graphical user interface for MODFLOW-2005 and PHAST.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/tm6E4","collaboration":"Groundwater Resources Program","usgsCitation":"Banta, E., 2011, ModelMate - A graphical user interface for model analysis: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques and Methods 6-E4, v, 29 p.; Appendix; Software Download, https://doi.org/10.3133/tm6E4.","productDescription":"v, 29 p.; Appendix; Software Download","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116131,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/tm_6_e4.gif"},{"id":14667,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/tm6e4/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a28e4b07f02db611038","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Banta, Edward R.","contributorId":49820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Banta","given":"Edward R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307872,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70157295,"text":"70157295 - 2011 - The influence of sea-level rise on fringing reef sediment dynamics: field observations and numerical modeling","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-04T16:53:21.734424","indexId":"70157295","displayToPublicDate":"2011-05-06T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"The influence of sea-level rise on fringing reef sediment dynamics: field observations and numerical modeling","docAbstract":"While most climate projections suggest that sea level may rise on the order of 0.5-1.0 m by 2100, it is not clear how fluid flow and sediment transport on fringing reefs might change in response to this rapid sea-level rise. Field observations and numerical modeling suggest that an increase in water depth on the order of 0.5-1.0 m on a fringing reef flat would result in larger significant wave heights and wave-driven shear stresses, which, in turn, would result in an increase in both the size and quantity of sediment that can be resuspended from the seabed or eroded from coastal plain deposits. Greater wave- and wind-driven currents would develop on the reef flat with increasing water depth, increasing the offshore flux of water and sediment from the inner reef flat to the outer reef flat and fore reef where coral growth is typically greatest.
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The source of water to Montezuma Well, a flowing sinkhole in a desert setting, is poorly understood. Water emerges from the middle limestone facies of the lacustrine Verde Formation, but the precise origin of the water and its travel path are largely unknown. Some have proposed artesian flow to Montezuma Well through the Supai Formation, which is exposed along the eastern margin of the Verde Valley and underlies the Verde Formation. The groundwater recharge zone likely lies above the floor of the Verde Valley somewhere to the north or east of Montezuma Well, where precipitation is more abundant. Additional data from groundwater, surface water, and bedrock geology are required for Montezuma Well and the surrounding region to test the current conceptual ideas, to provide new details on the groundwater flow in the area, and to assist in future management decisions. The results of this research will provide information for long-term water resource management and the protection of water rights.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20111063","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the National Park Service","usgsCitation":"Johnson, R.H., DeWitt, E., Wirt, L., Arnold, L., and Horton, J.D., 2011, Water and rock geochemistry, geologic cross sections, geochemical modeling, and groundwater flow modeling for identifying the source of groundwater to Montezuma Well, a natural spring in central Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1063, x, 62 p.; Downloads Directory, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111063.","productDescription":"x, 62 p.; Downloads Directory","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116922,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2011_1063.png"},{"id":14659,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1063/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Montezuma Well;Verde Valley","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -112,34.5 ], [ -112,35 ], [ -111.33333333333333,35 ], [ -111.33333333333333,34.5 ], [ -112,34.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49a1e4b07f02db5be02e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, Raymond H. rhjohnso@usgs.gov","contributorId":707,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Raymond","email":"rhjohnso@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":307850,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"DeWitt, Ed","contributorId":65081,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeWitt","given":"Ed","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307853,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wirt, Laurie","contributorId":13204,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wirt","given":"Laurie","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307852,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Arnold, L. Rick","contributorId":101613,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arnold","given":"L. Rick","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307854,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Horton, John D. 0000-0003-2969-9073 jhorton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2969-9073","contributorId":1227,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Horton","given":"John","email":"jhorton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":307851,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":9001488,"text":"sir20115060 - 2011 - Limnological Conditions and Occurrence of Taste-and-Odor Compounds in Lake William C. Bowen and Municipal Reservoir #1, Spartanburg County, South Carolina, 2006-2009","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-17T10:58:24","indexId":"sir20115060","displayToPublicDate":"2011-05-04T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-5060","title":"Limnological Conditions and Occurrence of Taste-and-Odor Compounds in Lake William C. Bowen and Municipal Reservoir #1, Spartanburg County, South Carolina, 2006-2009","docAbstract":"Limnological conditions and the occurrence of taste-and-odor compounds were studied in two reservoirs in Spartanburg County, South Carolina, from May 2006 to June 2009. Lake William C. Bowen and Municipal Reservoir #1 are relatively shallow, meso-eutrophic, warm monomictic, cascading impoundments on the South Pacolet River. Overall, water-quality conditions and phytoplankton community assemblages were similar between the two reservoirs but differed seasonally. Median dissolved geosmin concentrations in the reservoirs ranged from 0.004 to 0.006 microgram per liter. Annual maximum dissolved geosmin concentrations tended to occur between March and May. In this study, peak dissolved geosmin production occurred in April and May 2008, ranging from 0.050 to 0.100 microgram per liter at the deeper reservoir sites. Peak dissolved geosmin production was not concurrent with maximum cyanobacterial biovolumes, which tended to occur in the summer (July to August), but was concurrent with a peak in the fraction of genera with known geosmin-producing strains in the cyanobacteria group. Nonetheless, annual maximum cyanobacterial biovolumes rarely resulted in cyanobacteria dominance of the phytoplankton community. In both reservoirs, elevated dissolved geosmin concentrations were correlated to environmental factors indicative of unstratified conditions and reduced algal productivity, but not to nutrient concentrations or ratios. With respect to potential geosmin sources, elevated geosmin concentrations were correlated to greater fractions of genera with known geosmin-producing strains in the cyanobacteria group and to biovolumes of a specific geosmin-producing cyanobacteria genus (Oscillatoria), but not to actinomycetes concentrations. Conversely, environmental factors that correlated with elevated cyanobacterial biovolumes were indicative of stable water columns (stratified conditions), warm water temperatures, reduced nitrogen concentrations, longer residence times, and high phosphorus concentrations in the hypolimnion. Biovolumes of Cylindrospermopsis, Planktolyngbya, Synechococcus, Synechocystis, and Aphanizomenon correlated with the greater cyanobacteria biovolumes and were the dominant taxa in the cyanobacteria group. Related environmental variables were selected as input into multiple logistic regression models to evaluate the likelihood that geosmin concentrations could exceed the threshold level for human detection. In Lake William C. Bowen, the likelihood that dissolved geosmin concentrations exceeded the human detection threshold was estimated by greater mixing zone depths and differences in the 30-day prior moving window averages of overflow and flowthrough at Lake Bowen dam and by lower total nitrogen concentrations. At the R.B. Simms Water Treatment Plant, the likelihood that total geosmin concentrations in the raw water exceeded the human detection threshold was estimated by greater outflow from Reservoir #1 and lower concentrations of dissolved inorganic nitrogen. Overall, both models indicated greater likelihood that geosmin could exceed the human detection threshold during periods of lower nitrogen concentrations and greater water movement in the reservoirs.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20115060","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Spartanburg Water, Spartanburg County, South Carolina\r\n","usgsCitation":"Journey, C.A., Arrington, J.M., Beaulieu, K., Graham, J.L., and Bradley, P.M., 2011, Limnological Conditions and Occurrence of Taste-and-Odor Compounds in Lake William C. Bowen and Municipal Reservoir #1, Spartanburg County, South Carolina, 2006-2009: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5060, viii, 30 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20115060.","productDescription":"viii, 30 p.","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2007-10-01","temporalEnd":"2009-09-30","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116925,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2011_5060.jpg"},{"id":19273,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5060/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"South Carolina","county":"Spartanburg County","otherGeospatial":"Lake William C. Bowen, Municipal Reservoir #1","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -82.20245361328125,\n 34.99850370014629\n ],\n [\n -82.20245361328125,\n 35.160898088930104\n ],\n [\n -81.78428649902344,\n 35.160898088930104\n ],\n [\n -81.78428649902344,\n 34.99850370014629\n ],\n [\n -82.20245361328125,\n 34.99850370014629\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b16e4b07f02db6a5231","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Journey, Celeste A. 0000-0002-2284-5851 cjourney@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2284-5851","contributorId":2617,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Journey","given":"Celeste","email":"cjourney@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":559,"text":"South Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":344608,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Arrington, Jane M.","contributorId":65975,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arrington","given":"Jane","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344609,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Beaulieu, Karen M. kmbeauli@usgs.gov","contributorId":2241,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beaulieu","given":"Karen M.","email":"kmbeauli@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":344607,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Graham, Jennifer L. 0000-0002-6420-9335 jlgraham@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6420-9335","contributorId":1769,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graham","given":"Jennifer","email":"jlgraham@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":344606,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bradley, Paul M. 0000-0001-7522-8606 pbradley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7522-8606","contributorId":361,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradley","given":"Paul","email":"pbradley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":344605,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":9001484,"text":"sir20115055 - 2011 - Geologic framework and hydrogeology of the middle Carson River Basin, Eagle, Dayton, and Churchill Valleys, West-Central Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-10-27T18:52:47.446235","indexId":"sir20115055","displayToPublicDate":"2011-05-03T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-5055","title":"Geologic framework and hydrogeology of the middle Carson River Basin, Eagle, Dayton, and Churchill Valleys, West-Central Nevada","docAbstract":"Changes in land use and water use and increasing development of water resources in the middle Carson River basin may affect flow of the river and, in turn, affect downstream water users dependent on sustained river flows to Lahontan Reservoir. The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Bureau of Reclamation, began a study in 2008 of the middle Carson River basin, extending from Eagle Valley to Churchill Valley. Various types of geologic and hydrologic data were compiled from previous studies, collected for this study, and compiled and analyzed to provide a framework for development of a numerical model of the groundwater and surface-water flow systems of the basin.
Geologic units that are assumed to have similar hydrologic characteristics were grouped into hydrogeologic units comprised of consolidated rocks of pre-Cenozoic age that underlie a unit of consolidated volcanic rock and semi-consolidated sediments of Tertiary age. The principal aquifer in the study area is comprised of unconsolidated sediments of Quaternary age. The Quaternary sediments include alluvial fan, fluvial, and lake sediments, and were grouped into a basin-fill hydrogeologic unit that overlies the pre-Cenozoic and Tertiary hydrologic units.
The thickness of the combined section of Tertiary volcanic and sedimentary rocks and Quaternary basin-fill deposits previously was estimated to range from zero where pre-Cenozoic rocks are exposed to greater than 10,000 feet in the Bull Canyon subbasin, and greater than 6,000 feet on the western side of Churchill Butte and beneath the Desert Mountains. The thickness of Quaternary basin-fill sediments was estimated using gravity data and lithologic descriptions from driller’s logs. The most permeable parts of basin-fill sediments are greater than 1,000 feet thick in the Carson Plains subbasin, greater than 800 feet and 600 feet thick in the western and northeastern parts of the Stagecoach subbasin, and greater than 1,000 feet and 800 feet thick in the northern and southern parts of Churchill Valley, respectively.
The distribution of aquifer properties was estimated for basin-fill sediments using slug-test and aquifer test data, and the lithologic descriptions of previously mapped geologic units. Slug-test data show hydraulic conductivity is greater than 10 to greater than 100 feet per day for fluvial sediments near the flood plain, less than 10 feet per day for basin-fill sediments outside the flood plain, and less than 1 foot per day for consolidated rocks. Estimates of transmissivity exceed 20,000 feet squared per day near the Carson River in Dayton, Churchill, and western Lahontan Valleys and in the northern part of the Stagecoach subbasin, and exceed 10,000 feet squared per day in the western part of Churchill Valley. A transmissivity of 90,000 feet squared per day was estimated from results of an aquifer test in the Carson Plains subbasin, indicating that permeable gravel and cobble zones at depths greater than 400 feet supplied water to the pumping well. Estimates of specific yield ranged from less than 1 to 2 percent for most consolidated rocks, from 1 to 15 percent for semi-consolidated Tertiary sediments, and from 10 to 40 percent for unconsolidated basin-fill sediments.
Water-level altitude maps based on measurements at about 300 wells in 2009 show water levels have declined as much as 70 feet since 1964 on the northwestern side of Eagle Valley, about 10 feet since 1995 near Dayton in the Carson Plains subbasin, and from 5 to 10 feet since 1982 in the western and northeastern parts of the Stagecoach subbasin and the northwestern part of Churchill Valley. The declines are likely the result of municipal and agricultural pumping. The maps show a groundwater divide between the Carson Plains and Stagecoach subbasins, and a continuous hydraulic gradient between the Stagecoach subbasin and Churchill Valley. Groundwater flow directions are uncertain beneath parts of the boundary of Churchill Valley. The altitude of the top of pre-Cenozoic rocks shows thick sections of saturated Tertiary rocks and sediments south of the Dead Camel Mountains and beneath the eastern part of the Desert Mountains through which groundwater flow between Churchill Valley, Mason Valley, and Lahontan Valley may take place. North of Lahontan reservoir, beneath the Dead Camel Mountains, and beneath the southern part of Adrian Valley, the altitude of pre-Cenozoic rocks indicates groundwater flow between the three valleys is minimal.
Streamflow measurements, supported by data on the deuterium content and specific conductance of surface-water samples, indicate a loss of Carson River streamflow in the Riverview subbasin, streamflow gains in the Moundhouse subbasin and the eastern part of the Carson Plains subbasin, and streamflow losses in the Bull Canyon subbasin. Comparisons of fluctuations in groundwater levels to those in stream stage in the Carson Plains subbasin indicate that streamflow lost to infiltration from the Carson River, from irrigation ditches, and from irrigated fields is an important source of groundwater recharge. Fluctuations in groundwater levels compared with the stage of Lahontan Reservoir in Churchill Valley indicate losses to infiltration from the reservoir during high stage and groundwater seepage to the reservoir during low stage.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20115055","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Bureau of Reclamation","usgsCitation":"Maurer, D.K., 2011, Geologic framework and hydrogeology of the middle Carson River Basin, Eagle, Dayton, and Churchill Valleys, West-Central Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5055, Report: vii, 62 p.; Data release, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20115055.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 62 p.; Data release","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116937,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2011_5055.jpg"},{"id":379827,"rank":4,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9P5LJ3P","text":"USGS data release","description":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Data for the report Geologic Framework and Hydrogeology of the Middle Carson River Basin, Eagle, Dayton, and Churchill Valleys, West-Central Nevada"},{"id":379826,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5055/pdf/sir20115055.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":14655,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5055/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"100000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator projection","country":"United States","state":"Nevada","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -120,38.333333333333336 ], [ -120,40.25 ], [ -118,40.25 ], [ -118,38.333333333333336 ], [ -120,38.333333333333336 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b17e4b07f02db6a5a5d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Maurer, Douglas K. dkmaurer@usgs.gov","contributorId":2308,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maurer","given":"Douglas","email":"dkmaurer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":344593,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":9001485,"text":"ds506 - 2011 - Selected Images of the Effects of the October 15, 2006, Kiholo Bay-Mahukona, Hawai'i, Earthquakes and Recovery Efforts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:55","indexId":"ds506","displayToPublicDate":"2011-05-03T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"506","title":"Selected Images of the Effects of the October 15, 2006, Kiholo Bay-Mahukona, Hawai'i, Earthquakes and Recovery Efforts","docAbstract":"Early on the morning of October 15, 2006, two moderate earthquakes—the largest in decades—struck the Island of Hawai‘i. The first of these, which occurred at 7:07 a.m., HST (1707 UTC), was a magnitude (M) 6.7 earthquake, centered beneath Kīholo Bay on the northwestern coast of the island (19.878°N, 155.935°W), at a depth of 39 km. The second earthquake, which struck 6 minutes, 24 seconds later, at 7:14 a.m., HST (1714 UTC), was located 28 km to the north-northwest of Kīholo Bay (20.129°N, 155.983°W), centered at a depth of 19 km. This M6.0 earthquake has since been referred to as the Māhukona earthquake. Losses from the combined effects of these earthquakes are estimated to be $200 million—the most costly events, by far, in Hawai‘i’s earthquake history.\nAlthough the vast majority of earthquakes in the State of Hawaii are closely related to the active volcanism associated with the southeastern part of the Island of Hawai‘i, the October 2006 Kīholo Bay and Māhukona earthquakes clearly suggest the devastating potential of deeper lithospheric earthquakes. Large earthquakes thought to be nearly M7 have struck near the islands of Lāna‘i (1871) and Maui (1938). It is thought that these, like the 2006 earthquakes, were deep lithospheric flexure earthquakes (Wyss and Koyanagi, 1992; Klein and others, 2001). Thus, it is important to recognize the potential seismic hazard posed by such earthquakes beneath the older Hawaiian Islands. The data and observations afforded by the 2006 earthquakes promise to improve probabilistic seismic hazards modeling in Hawai‘i. The effects of the October 15, 2006, Kīholo Bay-Māhukona earthquakes are shown in images taken from the coastal route along the northern half of the Island of Hawai‘i, where damage was the most concentrated. The direction of presentation is counter-clockwise, from Pa‘auilo on the eastern or windward (Hāmākua) side to Kealakekua Bay on the western or leeward (Kona) side. A list of sites, their locations, coordinates, and distance from the epicenter at Kīholo Bay are given in table 1. A Google Earth map (fig. 7) and a topographic map (fig. 8) pinpoint the 36 sites where damage was documented and digital images were compiled for this collection.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds506","usgsCitation":"Takahashi, T.J., Ikeda, N.A., Okubo, P.G., Sako, M.K., Dow, D.C., Priester, A.M., and Steiner, N.A., 2011, Selected Images of the Effects of the October 15, 2006, Kiholo Bay-Mahukona, Hawai'i, Earthquakes and Recovery Efforts: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 506, iv, 18 p.; Appendix A; Photo Essay; Photographs Folder; Captions Folder, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds506.","productDescription":"iv, 18 p.; Appendix A; Photo Essay; Photographs Folder; Captions Folder","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116938,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds_506.gif"},{"id":19271,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/506/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abde4b07f02db673dd8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Takahashi, Taeko Jane","contributorId":104049,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Takahashi","given":"Taeko","email":"","middleInitial":"Jane","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344600,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ikeda, Nancy A.","contributorId":49913,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ikeda","given":"Nancy","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344597,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Okubo, Paul G. 0000-0002-0381-6051 pokubo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0381-6051","contributorId":2730,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Okubo","given":"Paul","email":"pokubo@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":344594,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sako, Maurice K.","contributorId":19583,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sako","given":"Maurice","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344596,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Dow, David C.","contributorId":52703,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dow","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344598,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Priester, Anna M.","contributorId":97229,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Priester","given":"Anna","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344599,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Steiner, Nolan A.","contributorId":14098,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steiner","given":"Nolan","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344595,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70041586,"text":"70041586 - 2011 - Inner shelf morphologic controls on the dynamics of the beach and bar system, Fire Island, New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-26T18:23:13","indexId":"70041586","displayToPublicDate":"2011-05-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Inner shelf morphologic controls on the dynamics of the beach and bar system, Fire Island, New York","docAbstract":"The middle portion of the Pliocene Epoch—about three million years ago—is the most recent period when global temperatures were sustained at levels comparable to those we may see at the end of this century due to climate change. One way to seek a more accurate view of a warmer Earth is to look closely at that time. Paleoclimate studies of the mid-Pliocene are also emerging as a ground truth for testing the accuracy of computer models used to predict Earth’s future climate.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of the Sigma Xi","doi":"10.1511/2011.90.228","usgsCitation":"Robinson, M.M., 2011, Pliocene climate lessons: American Scientist, v. 99, no. 3, p. 228-235, https://doi.org/10.1511/2011.90.228.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"228","endPage":"235","ipdsId":"IP-028790","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":331316,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"99","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"583ff352e4b04fc80e437270","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robinson, Marci M. 0000-0002-9200-4097 mmrobinson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9200-4097","contributorId":2082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robinson","given":"Marci","email":"mmrobinson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":654417,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70156592,"text":"70156592 - 2011 - Development of a bioenergetics model for age-0 American shad","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-08T19:07:48.559307","indexId":"70156592","displayToPublicDate":"2011-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Development of a bioenergetics model for age-0 American shad","docAbstract":"Bioenergetics modeling can be used as a tool to investigate the impact of non-native age-0 American shad (Alosa sapidissima) on reservoir and estuary food webs. The model can increase our understanding of how these fish influence lower trophic levels as well as predatory fish populations that feed on juvenile salmonids. Bioenergetics modeling can be used to investigate ecological processes, evaluate alternative research hypotheses, provide decision support, and quantitative prediction. Bioenergetics modeling has proven to be extremely useful in fisheries research (Ney et al. 1993,Chips and Wahl 2008, Petersen et al. 2008). If growth and diet parameters are known, the bioenergetics model can be used to quantify the relative amount of zooplankton or insects consumed by age-0 American shad. When linked with spatial and temporal information on fish abundance, model output can guide inferential hypothesis development to demonstrate where the greatest impacts of age-0 American shad might occur.
Bioenergetics modeling is particularly useful when research questions involve multiple species and trophic levels (e.g. plankton communities). Bioenergetics models are mass-balance equations where the energy acquired from food is partitioned between maintenance costs, waste products, and growth (Winberg 1956). Specifically, the Wisconsin bioenergetics model (Hanson et al. 1997) is widely used in fisheries science. Researchers have extensively tested, reviewed, and improved on this modeling approach for over 30 years (Petersen et al. 2008). Development of a bioenergetics model for any species requires three key components: 1) determine physiological parameters for the model through laboratory experiments or incorporate data from a closely related species, 2) corroboration of the model with growth and consumption estimates from independent research, and 3) error analysis of model parameters.
Wisconsin bioenergetics models have been parameterized for many of the salmonids and predatory fishes encountered in the lower Columbia River (Petersen and Ward 1999). The Wisconsin bioenergetics model has not been developed for American shad, however Limburg (1996) parameterized a simplified bioenergetics growth model for this species. A common application for the Wisconsin bioenergetics model is to estimate the consumption or growth of a fish population under different temperature and feeding scenarios (Ney 1993). One advantage of the bioenergetics approach is that consumption can be estimated without direct field measurements of predation rate (prey·predator-1· day-1; Petersen and Ward 1999). Field estimates of fish consumption are time consuming and costly to determine, and estimates may show wide variance due to environmental and sampling variability. However, the consumption parameters used in a newly developed bioenergetics model must be verified with field and laboratory estimates of consumption (Ney 1993).
The objective of this research was to parameterize a Wisconsin bioenergetics model for age-0 American shad using published physiological data on American shad and closely related alosine species. The American shad bioenergetics model will be used as a tool to explore various hypotheses about how age-0 American shad directly and indirectly affect Columbia River salmon through ecological interactions in lower Columbia River food webs. One over-arching focus of the larger research project was to identify potential interactions between age-0 American shad and juvenile salmonids, addressing potential outcomes through bioenergetics modeling scenarios. This report contains two bioenergetics modeling applications to demonstrate how these models can be used to address management questions and direct research effort. The first modeling application uses the American shad bioenergetics model described in this report to explore prey consumption by age-0 American shad (Chapter 1, this report). Dietary data on age-0 American shad and previously published reports on the diet of juvenile fall Chinook salmon (Rondorf et al. 1990, USGS unpublished data) suggested there might be considerable dietary overlap between these species in the lower Columbia River. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) was interested in using the American shad bioenergetics model to explore hypotheses concerning dietary overlap between age-0 American shad and emigrating fall Chinook salmon. The second modeling application uses the fall Chinook salmon bioenergetics model (Koehler et al. 2006) to explore the growth potential of juvenile fall Chinook salmon predating on age-0 American shad in the lower Columbia River. This modeling was based dietary information on a small number of age-0 fall Chinook salmon (n = 13) collected in John Day Reservoir in 1994 - 1996 (unpublished USGS data). Analysis of this dietary data found that these salmonids were feeding primarily on age-0 American shad (> 75% by weight).
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