{"pageNumber":"749","pageRowStart":"18700","pageSize":"25","recordCount":68924,"records":[{"id":70036386,"text":"70036386 - 2011 - Deciphering fluid sources of hydrothermal systems: A combined Sr- and S-isotope study on barite (Schwarzwald, SW Germany)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-04-23T12:50:52","indexId":"70036386","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1213,"text":"Chemical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Deciphering fluid sources of hydrothermal systems: A combined Sr- and S-isotope study on barite (Schwarzwald, SW Germany)","docAbstract":"Primary and secondary barites from hydrothermal mineralizations in SW Germany were investigated, for the first time, by a combination of strontium (Sr) isotope systematics (<sup>87</sup>Sr/<sup>86</sup>Sr), Sr contents and δ<sup>34</sup>S values to distinguish fluid sources and precipitation mechanisms responsible for their formation. Barite of Permian age derived its Sr solely from crystalline basement rocks, whereas all younger barite also incorporate Sr from formation waters of the overlying sediments. In fact, most of the Sr in younger barite is leached from Lower and Middle Triassic sediments.\n\nIn contrast, most of the sulfur (S) of Permian, Jurassic and northern Schwarzwald Miocene barite originated from basement rocks. The S source of Upper Rhinegraben (URG)-related Paleogene barite differs depending on geographic position: for veins of the southern URG, it is the Oligocene evaporitic sequence, while central URG mineralizations derived its S from Middle Triassic evaporites.\n\nUsing Sr isotopes of barite of known age combined with estimates on the Sr contents and Sr isotopic ratios of the fluids' source rocks, we were able to quantify mixing ratios of basement-derived fluids and sedimentary formation waters for the first time. These calculations show that Jurassic barite formed by mixing of 75–95% ascending basement-derived fluids with 5–25% sedimentary formation water, but that only 20–55% of the Sr was brought by the basement-derived fluid to the depositional site. Miocene barite formed by mixing of an ascending basement-derived brine (60–70%) with 30–40% sedimentary formation waters. In this case, only 8–15% of the Sr was derived from the deep brine. This fluid-mixing calculation is an example for deposits in which the fluid source is known. This method applied to a greater number of deposits formed at different times and in various geological settings may shed light on more general causes of fluid movement in the Earth's crust and on the formation of hydrothermal ore deposits.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Chemical Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.chemgeo.2011.04.009","issn":"00092541","usgsCitation":"Staude, S., Gob, S., Pfaff, K., Strobele, F., Premo, W.R., and Markl, G., 2011, Deciphering fluid sources of hydrothermal systems: A combined Sr- and S-isotope study on barite (Schwarzwald, SW Germany): Chemical Geology, v. 286, no. 1-2, p. 1-20, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2011.04.009.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"20","costCenters":[{"id":308,"text":"Geology and Environmental Change Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":218347,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2011.04.009"},{"id":246347,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Germany","city":"Schwarzwald","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 10.721425,50.765004 ], [ 10.721425,50.775105 ], [ 10.733359,50.775105 ], [ 10.733359,50.765004 ], [ 10.721425,50.765004 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"286","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fe03e4b0c8380cd4ea81","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Staude, S.","contributorId":43611,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Staude","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455852,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gob, S.","contributorId":65703,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gob","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455854,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pfaff, K.","contributorId":86207,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pfaff","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455855,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Strobele, F.","contributorId":44777,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Strobele","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455853,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Premo, W. R. 0000-0001-9904-4801","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9904-4801","contributorId":22782,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Premo","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455850,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Markl, G.","contributorId":24611,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Markl","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455851,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70036297,"text":"70036297 - 2011 - Labile Fe(II) concentrations in the Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean along a transect from the subtropical domain to the Weddell Sea Gyre","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-19T21:16:11.803812","indexId":"70036297","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1011,"text":"Biogeosciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Labile Fe(II) concentrations in the Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean along a transect from the subtropical domain to the Weddell Sea Gyre","docAbstract":"<p><span>Labile Fe(II) distributions were investigated in the Sub-Tropical South Atlantic and the Southern Ocean during the BONUS-GoodHope cruise from 34 to 57° S (February–March 2008). Concentrations ranged from below the detection limit (0.009 nM) to values as high as 0.125 nM. In the surface mixed layer, labile Fe(II) concentrations were always higher than the detection limit, with values higher than 0.060 nM south of 47° S, representing between 39 % and 63 % of dissolved Fe (DFe). Apparent biological production of Fe(II) was evidenced. At intermediate depth, local maxima were observed, with the highest values in the Sub-Tropical domain at around 200 m, and represented more than 70 % of DFe. Remineralization processes were likely responsible for those sub-surface maxima. Below 1500 m, concentrations were close to or below the detection limit, except at two stations (at the vicinity of the Agulhas ridge and in the north of the Weddell Sea Gyre) where values remained as high as ~0.030–0.050 nM. Hydrothermal or sediment inputs may provide Fe(II) to these deep waters. Fe(II) half life times (</span><i>t</i><sub>1/2</sub><span>) at 4°C were measured in the upper and deep waters and ranged from 2.9 to 11.3 min, and from 10.0 to 72.3 min, respectively. Measured values compared quite well in the upper waters with theoretical values from two published models, but not in the deep waters. This may be due to the lack of knowledge for some parameters in the models and/or to organic complexation of Fe(II) that impact its oxidation rates. This study helped to considerably increase the Fe(II) data set in the Ocean and to better understand the Fe redox cycle.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"European Geosciences Union","doi":"10.5194/bg-8-2461-2011","issn":"17264170","usgsCitation":"Sarthou, G., Bucciarelli, E., Chever, F., Hansard, S., Gonzalez-Davila, M., Santana-Casiano, J.M., Planchon, F., and Speich, S., 2011, Labile Fe(II) concentrations in the Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean along a transect from the subtropical domain to the Weddell Sea Gyre: Biogeosciences, v. 8, no. 9, p. 2461-2479, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-8-2461-2011.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"2461","endPage":"2479","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":475341,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-8-2461-2011","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":246438,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":218431,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-8-2461-2011"}],"volume":"8","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-09-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a40f7e4b0c8380cd651c2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sarthou, G.","contributorId":62434,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sarthou","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455371,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bucciarelli, E.","contributorId":49631,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bucciarelli","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455369,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chever, F.","contributorId":44383,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chever","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hansard, S.P.","contributorId":19391,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hansard","given":"S.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455366,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gonzalez-Davila, M.","contributorId":7532,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gonzalez-Davila","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455365,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Santana-Casiano, J. M.","contributorId":36386,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Santana-Casiano","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455367,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Planchon, F.","contributorId":50755,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Planchon","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455370,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Speich, S.","contributorId":69816,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Speich","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455372,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70036583,"text":"70036583 - 2011 - The use (and misuse) of sediment traps in coral reef environments: Theory, observations, and suggested protocols","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-05T09:09:53","indexId":"70036583","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1338,"text":"Coral Reefs","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The use (and misuse) of sediment traps in coral reef environments: Theory, observations, and suggested protocols","docAbstract":"Sediment traps are commonly used as standard tools for monitoring “sedimentation” in coral reef environments. In much of the literature where sediment traps were used to measure the effects of “sedimentation” on corals, it is clear from deployment descriptions and interpretations of the resulting data that information derived from sediment traps has frequently been misinterpreted or misapplied. Despite their widespread use in this setting, sediment traps do not provide quantitative information about “sedimentation” on coral surfaces. Traps can provide useful information about the relative magnitude of sediment dynamics if trap deployment standards are used. This conclusion is based first on a brief review of the state of knowledge of sediment trap dynamics, which has primarily focused on traps deployed high above the seabed in relatively deep water, followed by our understanding of near-bed sediment dynamics in shallow-water environments that characterize coral reefs. This overview is followed by the first synthesis of near-bed sediment trap data collected with concurrent hydrodynamic information in coral reef environments. This collective information is utilized to develop nine protocols for using sediment traps in coral reef environments, which focus on trap parameters that researchers can control such as trap height (H), trap mouth diameter (D), the height of the trap mouth above the substrate (z o ), and the spacing between traps. The hydrodynamic behavior of sediment traps and the limitations of data derived from these traps should be forefront when interpreting sediment trap data to infer sediment transport processes in coral reef environments.","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00338-010-0705-3","issn":"07224028","usgsCitation":"Storlazzi, C., Field, M., and Bothner, M., 2011, The use (and misuse) of sediment traps in coral reef environments: Theory, observations, and suggested protocols: Coral Reefs, v. 30, no. 1, p. 23-38, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00338-010-0705-3.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"23","endPage":"38","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":680,"text":"Woods Hole Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475297,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00338-010-0705-3","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":245572,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"30","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-12-17","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb157e4b08c986b3252df","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Storlazzi, C. D. 0000-0001-8057-4490","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8057-4490","contributorId":98905,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Storlazzi","given":"C. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456854,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Field, M.E.","contributorId":27052,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Field","given":"M.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456852,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bothner, Michael H. mbothner@usgs.gov","contributorId":139855,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bothner","given":"Michael H.","email":"mbothner@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":456853,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70036235,"text":"70036235 - 2011 - Molecular characterization and comparison of shale oils generated by different pyrolysis methods using FT-ICR mass spectrometry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:06","indexId":"70036235","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Molecular characterization and comparison of shale oils generated by different pyrolysis methods using FT-ICR mass spectrometry","docAbstract":"Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT ICR-MS) was applied in the analysis of shale oils generated using two different pyrolysis systems under laboratory conditions meant to simulate surface and in situ oil shale retorting. Significant variations were observed in the shale oils, particularly the degree of conjugation of the constituent molecules. Comparison of FT ICR-MS results to standard oil characterization methods (API gravity, SARA fractionation, gas chromatography-flame ionization detection) indicated correspondence between the average Double Bond Equivalence (DBE) and asphaltene content. The results show that, based on the average DBE values and DBE distributions of the shale oils examined, highly conjugated species are enriched in samples produced under low pressure, high temperature conditions and in the presence of water.","largerWorkTitle":"ACS National Meeting Book of Abstracts","conferenceTitle":"241st ACS National Meeting and Exposition","conferenceDate":"27 March 2011 through 31 March 2011","conferenceLocation":"Anaheim, CA","language":"English","issn":"00657727","usgsCitation":"Jin, J., Kim, S., and Birdwell, J., 2011, Molecular characterization and comparison of shale oils generated by different pyrolysis methods using FT-ICR mass spectrometry, <i>in</i> ACS National Meeting Book of Abstracts, Anaheim, CA, 27 March 2011 through 31 March 2011.","numberOfPages":"1","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":246470,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5cfbe4b0c8380cd7009b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jin, J.M.","contributorId":42076,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jin","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455023,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kim, S.","contributorId":53120,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kim","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455024,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Birdwell, J.E. 0000-0001-8263-1452","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8263-1452","contributorId":28110,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Birdwell","given":"J.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455022,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70035808,"text":"70035808 - 2011 - Hydrological mobilization of mercury and dissolved organic carbon in a snow-dominated, forested watershed: Conceptualization and modeling","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-10T13:22:34.024679","indexId":"70035808","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2319,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research G: Biogeosciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydrological mobilization of mercury and dissolved organic carbon in a snow-dominated, forested watershed: Conceptualization and modeling","docAbstract":"<p><span>The mobilization of mercury and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) during snowmelt often accounts for a major fraction of the annual loads. We studied the role of hydrological connectivity of riparian wetlands and upland/wetland transition zones to surface waters on the mobilization of Hg and DOC in Fishing Brook, a headwater of the Adirondack Mountains, New York. Stream water total mercury (THg) concentrations varied strongly (mean = 2.25 ± 0.5 ng L</span><sup>−1</sup><span>), and the two snowmelt seasons contributed 40% (2007) and 48% (2008) of the annual load. Methyl mercury (MeHg) concentrations ranged up to 0.26 ng L</span><sup>−1</sup><span>, and showed an inverse log relationship with discharge. TOPMODEL‐simulated saturated area corresponded well with wetland areas, and the application of a flow algorithm based elevation‐above‐creek approach suggests that most wetlands become well connected during high flow. The dynamics of simulated saturated area and soil storage deficit were able to explain a large part of the variation of THg concentrations (r</span><sup>2</sup><span>&nbsp;= 0.53 to 0.72). In contrast, the simulations were not able to explain DOC variations and DOC and THg concentrations were not correlated. These results indicate that all three constituents, THg, MeHg, and DOC, follow different patterns at the outlet: (1) the mobilization of THg is primarily controlled by the saturation state of the catchment, (2) the dilution of MeHg suggests flushing from a supply limited pool, and (3) DOC dynamics follow a pattern different from THg dynamics, which likely results from differing gain and/or loss processes for THg and/or DOC within the Fishing Brook catchment.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2010JG001330","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Schelker, J., Burns, D.A., Weiler, M., and Laudon, H., 2011, Hydrological mobilization of mercury and dissolved organic carbon in a snow-dominated, forested watershed: Conceptualization and modeling: Journal of Geophysical Research G: Biogeosciences, v. 116, no. 1, G01002, 17 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JG001330.","productDescription":"G01002, 17 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475244,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2010jg001330","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":244245,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","otherGeospatial":"Adirondack State Park","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -74.7894287109375,\n              43.50075243569041\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.443603515625,\n              43.50075243569041\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.443603515625,\n              44.62175409623324\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.7894287109375,\n              44.62175409623324\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.7894287109375,\n              43.50075243569041\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"116","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-01-12","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a36ace4b0c8380cd608e8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schelker, J.","contributorId":50007,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schelker","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452522,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Burns, Douglas A. 0000-0001-6516-2869 daburns@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6516-2869","contributorId":1237,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burns","given":"Douglas","email":"daburns@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":452521,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Weiler, M.","contributorId":15003,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Weiler","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452520,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Laudon, H.","contributorId":82444,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Laudon","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452523,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70036200,"text":"70036200 - 2011 - Evidence of two genetic clusters of manatees with low genetic diversity in Mexico and implications for their conservation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-25T19:57:43.863748","indexId":"70036200","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1739,"text":"Genetica","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evidence of two genetic clusters of manatees with low genetic diversity in Mexico and implications for their conservation","docAbstract":"<p><span>The Antillean manatee (</span><i>Trichechus manatus manatus</i><span>) occupies the tropical coastal waters of the Greater Antilles and Caribbean, extending from Mexico along Central and South America to Brazil. Historically, manatees were abundant in Mexico, but hunting during the pre-Columbian period, the Spanish colonization and throughout the history of Mexico, has resulted in the significantly reduced population occupying Mexico today. The genetic structure, using microsatellites, shows the presence of two populations in Mexico: the Gulf of Mexico (GMx) and Chetumal Bay (ChB) on the Caribbean coast, with a zone of admixture in between. Both populations show low genetic diversity (GMx: N</span><sub>A</sub><span>&nbsp;=&nbsp;2.69; H</span><sub>E</sub><span>&nbsp;=&nbsp;0.41 and ChB: N</span><sub>A</sub><span>&nbsp;=&nbsp;3.0; H</span><sub>E</sub><span>&nbsp;=&nbsp;0.46). The lower genetic diversity found in the GMx, the largest manatee population in Mexico, is probably due to a combination of a founder effect, as this is the northern range of the sub-species of&nbsp;</span><i>T. m. manatus</i><span>, and a bottleneck event. The greater genetic diversity observed along the Caribbean coast, which also has the smallest estimated number of individuals, is possibly due to manatees that come from the GMx and Belize. There is evidence to support limited or unidirectional gene flow between these two important areas. The analyses presented here also suggest minimal evidence of a handful of individual migrants possibly between Florida and Mexico. To address management issues we suggest considering two distinct genetic populations in Mexico, one along the Caribbean coast and one in the riverine systems connected to the GMx.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Link","doi":"10.1007/s10709-011-9583-z","issn":"00166707","usgsCitation":"Nourisson, C., Morales-Vela, B., Padilla-Saldivar, J., Tucker, K., Clark, A., Olivera-Gomez, L.D., Bonde, R.K., and McGuire, P., 2011, Evidence of two genetic clusters of manatees with low genetic diversity in Mexico and implications for their conservation: Genetica, v. 139, no. 7, p. 833-842, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10709-011-9583-z.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"833","endPage":"842","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":246364,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":218363,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10709-011-9583-z"}],"country":"Mexico","otherGeospatial":"Coastal waters of the Greater Antilles and Caribbean","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -98.525390625,\n              17.056784609942554\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.78125,\n              17.056784609942554\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.78125,\n              22.105998799750566\n            ],\n            [\n              -98.525390625,\n              22.105998799750566\n            ],\n            [\n              -98.525390625,\n              17.056784609942554\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"139","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-06-17","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0d6fe4b0c8380cd52ffe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nourisson, C.","contributorId":103873,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nourisson","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454838,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Morales-Vela, B.","contributorId":32481,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Morales-Vela","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454831,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Padilla-Saldivar, J.","contributorId":77403,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Padilla-Saldivar","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454834,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Tucker, K.P.","contributorId":98449,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tucker","given":"K.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454837,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Clark, A.","contributorId":50476,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Clark","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454832,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Olivera-Gomez, L. D.","contributorId":98156,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olivera-Gomez","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454836,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Bonde, Robert K. 0000-0001-9179-4376 rbonde@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9179-4376","contributorId":2675,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bonde","given":"Robert","email":"rbonde@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":454835,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"McGuire, P.","contributorId":65039,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGuire","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454833,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70190329,"text":"70190329 - 2011 - Wave-current interaction in Willapa Bay","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-27T10:47:12","indexId":"70190329","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2315,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research C: Oceans","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Wave-current interaction in Willapa Bay","docAbstract":"This paper describes the importance of wave-current interaction in an inlet-estuary system. The three-dimensional, fully coupled, Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere-Wave-Sediment Transport (COAWST) modeling system was applied in Willapa Bay (Washington State) from 22 to 29 October 1998 that included a large storm event. To represent the interaction between waves and currents, the vortex-force method was used. Model results were compared with water elevations, currents, and wave measurements obtained by the U.S. Army Corp of Engineers. In general, a good agreement between field data and computed results was achieved, although some discrepancies were also observed in regard to wave peak directions in the most upstream station. Several numerical experiments that considered different forcing terms were run in order to identify the effects of each wind, tide, and wave-current interaction process. Comparison of the horizontal momentum balances results identified that wave-breaking-induced acceleration is one of the leading terms in the inlet area. The enhancement of the apparent bed roughness caused by waves also affected the values and distribution of the bottom shear stress. The pressure gradient showed significant changes with respect to the pure tidal case. During storm conditions the momentum balance in the inlet shares the characteristics of tidal-dominated and wave-dominated surf zone environments. The changes in the momentum balance caused by waves were manifested both in water level and current variations. The most relevant effect on hydrodynamics was a wave-induced setup in the inner part of the estuary.","language":"English","publisher":"AGU Publications","doi":"10.1029/2011JC007387","usgsCitation":"Olabarrieta, M., Warner, J., and Kumar, N., 2011, Wave-current interaction in Willapa Bay: Journal of Geophysical Research C: Oceans, v. 116, no. C12, Article C12014; 27 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JC007387.","productDescription":"Article C12014; 27 p.","ipdsId":"IP-023116","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475411,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://hdl.handle.net/1912/4991","text":"External Repository"},{"id":345174,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Willapa Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -124.178466796875,\n              46.31658418182218\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.67309570312499,\n              46.31658418182218\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.67309570312499,\n              46.77184961467733\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.178466796875,\n              46.77184961467733\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.178466796875,\n              46.31658418182218\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"116","issue":"C12","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":11,"text":"Pembroke PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-12-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59a3da31e4b077f005673229","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Olabarrieta, Maitane 0000-0002-7619-7992 molabarrieta@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7619-7992","contributorId":81631,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olabarrieta","given":"Maitane","email":"molabarrieta@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":708564,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Warner, John C. 0000-0002-3734-8903 jcwarner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3734-8903","contributorId":2681,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warner","given":"John C.","email":"jcwarner@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":708565,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kumar, Nirnimesh","contributorId":102308,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kumar","given":"Nirnimesh","affiliations":[{"id":27143,"text":"University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":708566,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70157548,"text":"70157548 - 2011 - Re-establishing marshes can return carbon sink functions to a current carbon source in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta of California, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-01T18:51:28.662101","indexId":"70157548","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Re-establishing marshes can return carbon sink functions to a current carbon source in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta of California, USA","docAbstract":"<p><span>The Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta in California was an historic, vast inland freshwater wetland, where organic soils almost 20 meters deep formed over the last several millennia as the land surface elevation of marshes kept pace with sea level rise. A system of levees and pumps were installed in the late 1800s and early 1900s to drain the land for agricultural use. Since then, land surface has subsided more than 7 meters below sea level in some areas as organic soils have been lost to aerobic decomposition. As land surface elevations decrease, costs for levee maintenance and repair increase, as do the risks of flooding. Wetland restoration can be a way to mitigate subsidence by re-creating the environment in which the organic soils developed. A preliminary study of the effect of hydrologic regime on carbon cycling conducted on Twitchell Island during the mid-1990s showed that continuous, shallow flooding allowing for the growth of emergent marsh vegetation re-created a wetland environment where carbon preservation occurred. Under these conditions annual plant biomass carbon inputs were high, and microbial decomposition was reduced. Based on this preliminary study, the U.S. Geological Survey re-established permanently flooded wetlands in fall 1997, with shallow water depths of 25 and 55 centimeters, to investigate the potential to reverse subsidence of delta islands by preserving and accumulating organic substrates over time. Ten years after flooding, elevation gains from organic matter accumulation in areas of emergent marsh vegetation ranged from almost 30 to 60 centimeters, with average annual carbon storage rates approximating 1 kg/m2, while areas without emergent vegetation cover showed no significant change in elevation. Differences in accretion rates within areas of emergent marsh vegetation appeared to result from temporal and spatial variability in hydrologic factors and decomposition rates in the wetlands rather than variability in primary production. Decomposition rates were related to differences in hydrologic conditions, including water temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen concentration, and availability of alternate electron acceptors. The study showed that marsh re-establishment with permanent, low energy, shallow flooding can limit oxidation of organic soils, thus, effectively turning subsiding land from atmospheric carbon sources to carbon sinks, and at the same time reducing flood vulnerability.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"River deltas: Types, structures and ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Nova Science Publishers","publisherLocation":"New York City, NY","usgsCitation":"Miller, R., and Fujii, R., 2011, Re-establishing marshes can return carbon sink functions to a current carbon source in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta of California, USA, chap. <i>of</i> River deltas: Types, structures and ecology, p. 1-34.","productDescription":"34 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"34","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":308618,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Sacramento-San Joaquin River delta","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -122.22828954974031,\n              38.050594319491694\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.1992763879824,\n              38.02322247745954\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.06581584389886,\n              37.99121787309585\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.98602964906627,\n              38.03122144544275\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.70315132193262,\n              37.98321453920093\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.64077302415454,\n              37.95004857076803\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.65382894694523,\n              37.77482161472676\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.48990458301647,\n              37.68418194249246\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.2505459985187,\n              37.646286958808716\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.24909534043141,\n              37.703646260559424\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.27520718601272,\n              37.85041111778014\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.2882631088037,\n              37.98316493870175\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.37530259407546,\n              38.07115364272096\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.38400654260289,\n              38.16816126824645\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.4333289175903,\n              38.24795309829756\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.49135524110478,\n              38.43341488449104\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.03825334022991,\n              38.27073469555026\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.22974020782794,\n              38.07800546676111\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.22828954974031,\n              38.050594319491694\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5606703ae4b058f706e51950","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Schmidt, Paul E.","contributorId":147998,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schmidt","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":573563,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Miller, Robin L. romiller@usgs.gov","contributorId":887,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Robin L.","email":"romiller@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":573561,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fujii, Roger rfujii@usgs.gov","contributorId":553,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fujii","given":"Roger","email":"rfujii@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":573562,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70148134,"text":"70148134 - 2011 - Identification of American shad spawning sites and habitat use in the Pee Dee River, North Carolina and South Carolina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-06-03T09:51:21","indexId":"70148134","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Identification of American shad spawning sites and habitat use in the Pee Dee River, North Carolina and South Carolina","docAbstract":"<p><span>We examined spawning site selection and habitat use by American shad&nbsp;</span><i>Alosa sapidissima</i><span>&nbsp;in the Pee Dee River, North Carolina and South Carolina, to inform future management in this flow-regulated river. American shad eggs were collected in plankton tows, and the origin (spawning site) of each egg was estimated; relocations of radio-tagged adults on spawning grounds illustrated habitat use and movement in relation to changes in water discharge rates. Most spawning was estimated to occur in the Piedmont physiographic region within a 25-river-kilometer (rkm) section just below the lowermost dam in the system; however, some spawning also occurred downstream in the Coastal Plain. The Piedmont region has a higher gradient and is predicted to have slightly higher current velocities and shallower depths, on average, than the Coastal Plain. The Piedmont region is dominated by large substrates (e.g., boulders and gravel), whereas the Coastal Plain is dominated by sand. Sampling at night (the primary spawning period) resulted in the collection of young eggs (&le;1.5 h old) that more precisely identified the spawning sites. In the Piedmont region, most radio-tagged American shad remained in discrete areas (average linear range = 3.6 rkm) during the spawning season and generally occupied water velocities between 0.20 and 0.69 m/s, depths between 1.0 and 2.9 m, and substrates dominated by boulder or bedrock and gravel. Tagged adults made only small-scale movements with changes in water discharge rates. Our results demonstrate that the upstream extent of migration and an area of concentrated spawning occur just below the lowermost dam. If upstream areas have similar habitat, facilitating upstream access for American shad could increase the spawning habitat available and increase the population's size.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/02755947.2011.633686","usgsCitation":"Harris, J., and Hightower, J.E., 2011, Identification of American shad spawning sites and habitat use in the Pee Dee River, North Carolina and South Carolina: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 31, no. 6, p. 1019-1033, https://doi.org/10.1080/02755947.2011.633686.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"1019","endPage":"1033","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-026273","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":301000,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina, South Carolina","otherGeospatial":"Pee Dee 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jhightower@usgs.gov","contributorId":835,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hightower","given":"Joseph","email":"jhightower@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":547463,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70192883,"text":"70192883 - 2011 - Inverse modeling with RZWQM2 to predict water quality","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-20T13:32:42","indexId":"70192883","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Inverse modeling with RZWQM2 to predict water quality","docAbstract":"<p><span>This chapter presents guidelines for autocalibration of the Root Zone Water Quality Model (RZWQM2) by inverse modeling using PEST parameter estimation software (</span><a id=\"xref-ref-10-1\" class=\"xref-bibr\" href=\"https://dl.sciencesocieties.org/publications/books/abstracts/advancesinagric/methodsofintrod/327#ref-10\" data-mce-href=\"https://dl.sciencesocieties.org/publications/books/abstracts/advancesinagric/methodsofintrod/327#ref-10\">Doherty, 2010</a><span>). Two sites with diverse climate and management were considered for simulation of N losses by leaching and in drain flow: an almond [</span><i>Prunus dulcis</i><span><span>&nbsp;</span>(Mill.) D.A. Webb] orchard in the San Joaquin Valley, California and the Walnut Creek watershed in central Iowa, which is predominantly in corn (</span><i>Zea mays</i><span><span>&nbsp;</span>L.)–soybean [</span><i>Glycine max</i><span><span>&nbsp;</span>(L.) Merr.] rotation. Inverse modeling provides an objective statistical basis for calibration that involves simultaneous adjustment of model parameters and yields parameter confidence intervals and sensitivities. We describe operation of PEST in both parameter estimation and predictive analysis modes. The goal of parameter estimation is to identify a unique set of parameters that minimize a weighted least squares objective function, and the goal of predictive analysis is to construct a nonlinear confidence interval for a prediction of interest by finding a set of parameters that maximizes or minimizes the prediction while maintaining the model in a calibrated state. We also describe PEST utilities (PAR2PAR, TSPROC) for maintaining ordered relations among model parameters (e.g., soil root growth factor) and for post-processing of RZWQM2 outputs representing different cropping practices at the Iowa site. Inverse modeling provided reasonable fits to observed water and N fluxes and directly benefitted the modeling through: (i) simultaneous adjustment of multiple parameters versus one-at-a-time adjustment in manual approaches; (ii) clear indication by convergence criteria of when calibration is complete; (iii) straightforward detection of nonunique and insensitive parameters, which can affect the stability of PEST and RZWQM2; and (iv) generation of confidence intervals for uncertainty analysis of parameters and model predictions. Composite scaled sensitivities, which reflect the total information provided by the observations for a parameter, indicated that most of the RZWQM2 parameters at the California study site (CA) and Iowa study site (IA) could be reliably estimated by regression. Correlations obtained in the CA case indicated that all model parameters could be uniquely estimated by inverse modeling. Although water content at field capacity was highly correlated with bulk density (−0.94), the correlation is less than the threshold for nonuniqueness (0.95, absolute value basis). Additionally, we used truncated singular value decomposition (SVD) at CA to mitigate potential problems with highly correlated and insensitive parameters. Singular value decomposition estimates linear combinations (eigenvectors) of the original process-model parameters. Parameter confidence intervals (CIs) at CA indicated that parameters were reliably estimated with the possible exception of an organic pool transfer coefficient (R45), which had a comparatively wide CI. However, the 95% confidence interval for R45 (0.03–0.35) is mostly within the range of values reported for this parameter. Predictive analysis at CA generated confidence intervals that were compared with independently measured annual water flux (groundwater recharge) and median nitrate concentration in a collocated monitoring well as part of model evaluation. Both the observed recharge (42.3 cm yr</span><sup>−1</sup><span>) and nitrate concentration (24.3 mg L</span><sup>−1</sup><span>) were within their respective 90% confidence intervals, indicating that overall model error was within acceptable limits.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Methods of introducing system models into agricultural research","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, Soil Science Society of America","doi":"10.2134/advagricsystmodel2.c12","usgsCitation":"Nolan, B.T., Malone, R.W., Ma, L., Green, C.T., Fienen, M., and Jaynes, D.B., 2011, Inverse modeling with RZWQM2 to predict water quality, chap. <i>of</i> Methods of introducing system models into agricultural research, p. 327-363, https://doi.org/10.2134/advagricsystmodel2.c12.","productDescription":"37 p.","startPage":"327","endPage":"363","ipdsId":"IP-019987","costCenters":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":351827,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-10-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5afef55ee4b0da30c1bfc8f9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nolan, Bernard T. 0000-0002-6945-9659 btnolan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6945-9659","contributorId":2190,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nolan","given":"Bernard","email":"btnolan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":717287,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Malone, Robert W.","contributorId":198835,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Malone","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":717291,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ma, Liwang","contributorId":29140,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ma","given":"Liwang","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":717290,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Green, Christopher T. 0000-0002-6480-8194 ctgreen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6480-8194","contributorId":1343,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Green","given":"Christopher","email":"ctgreen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":717288,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fienen, Michael N. 0000-0002-7756-4651 mnfienen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7756-4651","contributorId":177065,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fienen","given":"Michael N.","email":"mnfienen@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":729024,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Jaynes, Dan B.","contributorId":192368,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jaynes","given":"Dan","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":717289,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70159025,"text":"70159025 - 2011 - Hydrogeology of the Hawaiian islands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-10-29T16:28:00.840999","indexId":"70159025","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Hydrogeology of the Hawaiian islands","docAbstract":"<p><span>Volcanic-rock aquifers are the most extensive and productive aquifers in the Hawaiian Islands. These aquifers contain different types of groundwater systems depending on the geologic setting in which they occur. The most common groundwater systems include coastal freshwater-lens systems in the dike-free flanks of the volcanoes and dike-impounded systems within the dike-intruded areas of the volcanoes. In some areas, a thick (hundreds of meters) freshwater lens may develop because of the presence of a coastal confining unit, or caprock, that impedes the discharge of groundwater from the volcanic-rock aquifer, or because the permeability of the volcanic rocks forming the aquifer is low. In other areas with low groundwater-recharge rates and that lack a caprock, the freshwater lens may be thin or brackish water may exist immediately below the water table. Dike-impounded groundwater systems commonly have high water levels (hundreds of meters above sea level) and contribute to the base flow of streams where the water table intersects the stream. Recent numerical modeling studies have enhanced the conceptual understanding of groundwater systems in the Hawaiian Islands.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Cuatro décadas de investigación y formación en aguas subterráneas: Libro homenaje al profesor Emilio Custodio","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"Spanish","publisher":"Asocación Internacional de Hidrogeólogos, Grupo Español","publisherLocation":"Zaragoza, Spain","usgsCitation":"Gingerich, S.B., and Oki, D.S., 2011, Hydrogeology of the Hawaiian islands, chap. <i>of</i> Cuatro décadas de investigación y formación en aguas subterráneas: Libro homenaje al profesor Emilio Custodio, p. 119-134.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"119","endPage":"134","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-032809","costCenters":[{"id":525,"text":"Pacific Islands Water Science 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sbginger@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4381-0746","contributorId":1426,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gingerich","given":"Stephen","email":"sbginger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":525,"text":"Pacific Islands Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":577294,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Oki, Delwyn S. 0000-0002-6913-8804 dsoki@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6913-8804","contributorId":1901,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oki","given":"Delwyn","email":"dsoki@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":525,"text":"Pacific Islands Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":577295,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70003749,"text":"70003749 - 2011 - Comparisons of watershed sulfur budgets in southeast Canada and northeast US: New approaches and implications","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-03-22T14:56:58.941982","indexId":"70003749","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1007,"text":"Biogeochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparisons of watershed sulfur budgets in southeast Canada and northeast US: New approaches and implications","docAbstract":"<p><span>Most of eastern North America receives elevated levels of atmospheric deposition of sulfur (S) that result from anthropogenic SO</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;emissions from fossil fuel combustion. Atmospheric S deposition has acidified sensitive terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems in this region; however, deposition has been declining since the 1970s, resulting in some recovery in previously acidified aquatic ecosystems. Accurate watershed S mass balances help to evaluate the extent to which atmospheric S deposition is retained within ecosystems, and whether internal cycling sources and biogeochemical processes may be affecting the rate of recovery from decreasing S atmospheric loads. This study evaluated S mass balances for 15 sites with watersheds in southeastern Canada and northeastern US for the period 1985 to 2002. These 15 sites included nine in Canada (Turkey Lakes, ON; Harp Lake, ON; Plastic Lake, ON; Hermine, QC; Lake Laflamme, QC; Lake Clair, QC; Lake Tirasse, QC; Mersey, NS; Moosepit, NS) and six in the US (Arbutus Lake, NY; Biscuit Brook, NY; Sleepers River, VT; Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, NH; Cone Pond, NH; Bear Brook Watershed, ME). Annual S wet deposition inputs were derived from measured bulk or wet-only deposition and stream export was obtained by combining drainage water fluxes with SO</span><sub>4</sub><span>&nbsp;</span><sup>2−</sup><span>&nbsp;concentrations. Dry deposition has the greatest uncertainty of any of the mass flux calculations necessary to develop accurate watershed balances, and here we developed a new method to calculate this quantity. We utilized historical information from both the US National Emissions Inventory and the US (CASTNET) and the Canadian (CAPMoN) dry deposition networks to develop a formulation that predicted SO</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;concentrations as a function of SO</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;emissions, latitude and longitude. The SO</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;concentrations were used to predict dry deposition using relationships between concentrations and deposition flux derived from the CASTNET or CAPMoN networks. For the year 2002, we compared the SO</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;concentrations and deposition predictions with the predictions of two continental-scale air quality models, the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model and A Unified Regional Air-quality Modeling System (AURAMS) that utilize complete inventories of emissions and chemical budgets. The results of this comparison indicated that the predictive relationship provides an accurate representation of SO</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;concentrations and S deposition for the region that is generally consistent with these models, and thus provides confidence that our approach could be used to develop accurate watershed S budgets for these 15 sites. Most watersheds showed large net losses of SO</span><sub>4</sub><span>&nbsp;</span><sup>2−</sup><span>&nbsp;on an annual basis, and the watershed mass balances were grouped into five categories based on the relative value of mean annual net losses or net gains. The net annual fluxes of SO</span><sub>4</sub><span>&nbsp;</span><sup>2−</sup><span>&nbsp;showed a strong relationship with hydrology; the largest net annual negative fluxes were associated with years of greatest precipitation amount and highest discharge. The important role of catchment hydrology on S budgets suggests implications for future predicted climate change as it affects patterns of precipitation and drought. The sensitivity of S budgets is likely to be greatest in watersheds with the greatest wetland area, which are particularly sensitive to drying and wetting cycles. A small number of the watersheds in this analysis were shown to have substantial S sources from mineral weathering, but most showed evidence of an internal source of SO</span><sub>4</sub><span>&nbsp;</span><sup>2−</sup><span>, which is likely from the mineralization of organic S stored from decades of increased S deposition. Mobilization of this internal S appears to contribute about 1–6&nbsp;kg&nbsp;S&nbsp;ha</span><sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;year</span><sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;to stream fluxes at these sites and is affecting the rate and extent of recovery from acidification as S deposition rates have declined in recent years. This internal S source should be considered when developing critical deposition loads that will promote ecosystem recovery from acidification and the depletion of nutrient cations in the northeastern US and southeastern Canada.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","publisherLocation":"Netherlands","doi":"10.1007/s10533-010-9455-0","usgsCitation":"Mitchell, M.J., Lovett, G., Bailey, S., Beall, F., Burns, D., Buso, D., Clair, T.A., Courchesne, F., Duchesne, L., Eimers, C., Fernandez, I., Houle, D., Jeffries, D.S., Likens, G.E., Moran, M.D., Rogers, C., Schwede, D., Shanley, J., Weathers, K.C., and Vet, R., 2011, Comparisons of watershed sulfur budgets in southeast Canada and northeast US: New approaches and implications: Biogeochemistry, v. 103, no. 1-3, p. 181-207, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-010-9455-0.","productDescription":"27 p.","startPage":"181","endPage":"207","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water 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Robert","contributorId":34643,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vet","given":"Robert","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348684,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":20}]}}
,{"id":70193204,"text":"70193204 - 2011 - Remote sensing and geospatial support to burned area emergency response teams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-18T14:39:29","indexId":"70193204","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1639,"text":"Fire Management Today","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Remote sensing and geospatial support to burned area emergency response teams","docAbstract":"<p>A major concern of land managers in the United States is the response of watersheds to weather after a wildfire. With an ever-expanding wildland-urban interface (WUI), land managers must be cognizant of potential damage to private property and other values at risk. In the United States, land-management agencies from the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) and the U.S. Department of the Interior (DOI) deploy Burned Area Emergency Response (BAER) teams to address these concerns and to “prescribe and implement emergency treatments to minimize threats to life or property or to stabilize and prevent unacceptable degradation to natural and cultural resources resulting from the effects of a fire” (USDA Forest Service 2004, p. 17). BAER teams’ objective is emergency stabilization of burned areas, rather than long-term restoration of the landscape after a fire. </p>","language":"English","publisher":"United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service ","usgsCitation":"McKinley, R., and Clark, J., 2011, Remote sensing and geospatial support to burned area emergency response teams: Fire Management Today, v. 71, no. 2, p. 15-18.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"15","endPage":"18","ipdsId":"IP-028815","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":350091,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":347800,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.fs.fed.us/fire/fmt/fmt_pdfs/FMT71-2.pdf"}],"volume":"71","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a6107fde4b06e28e9c25634","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McKinley, Randy 0000-0001-7644-6365 rmckinley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7644-6365","contributorId":1354,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKinley","given":"Randy","email":"rmckinley@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":718183,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Clark, Jess","contributorId":199100,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Clark","given":"Jess","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":718184,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}}
,{"id":70035721,"text":"70035721 - 2011 - Distribution and seasonal dynamics of arsenic in a shallow lake in northwestern New Jersey, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-10-21T09:58:09","indexId":"70035721","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1538,"text":"Environmental Geochemistry and Health","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Distribution and seasonal dynamics of arsenic in a shallow lake in northwestern New Jersey, USA","docAbstract":"<p><span>Elevated concentrations of arsenic (As) occurred during warm months in water from the outlet of Lake Mohawk in northwestern New Jersey. The shallow manmade lake is surrounded by residential development and used for recreation. Eutrophic conditions are addressed by alum and copper sulfate applications and aerators operating in the summer. In September 2005, arsenite was dominant in hypoxic to anoxic bottom water. Filterable As concentrations were about 1.6–2 times higher than those in the upper water column (23–25&nbsp;μg/L, mostly arsenate). Hypoxic/anoxic and near-neutral bottom conditions formed during the summer, but became more oxic and alkaline as winter approached. Acid-leachable As concentrations in lake-bed sediments ranged up to 694&nbsp;mg/kg in highly organic material from the tops of sediment cores but were &lt;15&nbsp;mg/kg in geologic substrate. During warm months, reduced As from the sediment diffuses into the water column and is oxidized; mixing by aerators, wind, and boat traffic spreads arsenate and metals, some in particulate form, throughout the water column. Similar levels of As in sediments of lakes treated with arsenic pesticides indicate that most of the As in Lake Mohawk probably derives from past use of arsenical pesticides, although records of applications are lacking. The annual loss of As at the lake outlet is only about 0.01% of the As calculated to be in the sediments, indicating that elevated levels of As in the lake will persist for decades.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10653-010-9289-7","issn":"02694042","usgsCitation":"Barringer, J.L., Szabo, Z., Wilson, T., Bonin, J., Kratzer, T., Cenno, K., Romagna, T., Alebus, M., and Hirst, B., 2011, Distribution and seasonal dynamics of arsenic in a shallow lake in northwestern New Jersey, USA: Environmental Geochemistry and Health, v. 33, no. 1, p. 1-22, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-010-9289-7.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"22","numberOfPages":"22","costCenters":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":243981,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Jersey","otherGeospatial":"Lake Mohawk","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -74.65115547180176,\n              41.036765293038194\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.6645450592041,\n              41.0204485149169\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.65930938720703,\n              41.02031900050546\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.65948104858398,\n              41.0191533593421\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.67278480529785,\n              41.012482904826015\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.67347145080566,\n              41.014620114274955\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.6769905090332,\n              41.01403724584675\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.6854019165039,\n              41.007495813151536\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.68445777893066,\n              41.003220862709\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.67098236083984,\n              41.00600608917637\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.6561336517334,\n              41.01202954845378\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.63836669921874,\n              41.0313915626804\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.65115547180176,\n              41.036765293038194\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"33","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-04-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a029fe4b0c8380cd50128","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barringer, J. L.","contributorId":13994,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barringer","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452054,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Szabo, Z. 0000-0002-0760-9607","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0760-9607","contributorId":44302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Szabo","given":"Z.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452056,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wilson, T.P. 0000-0003-1914-6344","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1914-6344","contributorId":99795,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"T.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452061,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bonin, J.L. 0000-0002-5813-3549","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5813-3549","contributorId":55642,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bonin","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452057,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kratzer, T.","contributorId":105532,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kratzer","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452062,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Cenno, K.","contributorId":66919,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cenno","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452058,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Romagna, T.","contributorId":37155,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Romagna","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452055,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Alebus, M.","contributorId":84166,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alebus","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452060,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Hirst, B.","contributorId":78555,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hirst","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452059,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":70033963,"text":"70033963 - 2011 - Numerical modeling of the impact of sea-level rise on fringing coral reef hydrodynamics and sediment transport","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-05T11:51:55","indexId":"70033963","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1338,"text":"Coral Reefs","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Numerical modeling of the impact of sea-level rise on fringing coral reef hydrodynamics and sediment transport","docAbstract":"Most climate projections suggest that sea level may rise on the order of 0.5-1.0 m by 2100; it is not clear, however, how fluid flow and sediment dynamics on exposed fringing reefs might change in response to this rapid sea-level rise. Coupled hydrodynamic and sediment-transport numerical modeling is consistent with recent published results that suggest that an increase in water depth on the order of 0.5-1.0 m on a 1-2 m deep exposed fringing reef flat would result in larger significant wave heights and setup, further elevating water depths on the reef flat. Larger waves would generate higher near-bed shear stresses, which, in turn, would result in an increase in both the size and the quantity of sediment that can be resuspended from the seabed or eroded from adjacent coastal plain deposits. Greater wave- and wind-driven currents would develop with increasing water depth, increasing the alongshore and offshore flux of water and sediment from the inner reef flat to the outer reef flat and fore reef where coral growth is typically greatest. Sediment residence time on the fringing reef flat was modeled to decrease exponentially with increasing sea-level rise as the magnitude of sea-level rise approached the mean water depth over the reef flat. The model results presented here suggest that a 0.5-1.0 m rise in sea level will likely increase coastal erosion, mixing and circulation, the amount of sediment resuspended, and the duration of high turbidity on exposed reef flats, resulting in decreased light availability for photosynthesis, increased sediment-induced stress on the reef ecosystem, and potentially affecting a number of other ecological processes.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Coral Reefs","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1007/s00338-011-0723-9","issn":"07224028","usgsCitation":"Storlazzi, C., Elias, E., Field, M., and Presto, M., 2011, Numerical modeling of the impact of sea-level rise on fringing coral reef hydrodynamics and sediment transport: Coral Reefs, v. 30, no. SUPPL. 1, p. 83-96, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00338-011-0723-9.","startPage":"83","endPage":"96","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475251,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00338-011-0723-9","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":216745,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00338-011-0723-9"},{"id":244631,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"30","issue":"SUPPL. 1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-01-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a68fde4b0c8380cd73ae2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Storlazzi, C. D. 0000-0001-8057-4490","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8057-4490","contributorId":98905,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Storlazzi","given":"C. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443428,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Elias, E.","contributorId":17832,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elias","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443425,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Field, M.E.","contributorId":27052,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Field","given":"M.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443426,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Presto, M.K.","contributorId":77333,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Presto","given":"M.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443427,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70036610,"text":"70036610 - 2011 - Phytoforensics, dendrochemistry, and phytoscreening: New green tools for delineating contaminants from past and present","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-29T18:29:27.440008","indexId":"70036610","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Phytoforensics, dendrochemistry, and phytoscreening: New green tools for delineating contaminants from past and present","docAbstract":"<p><span>As plants evolved to be extremely proficient in mass transfer with their surroundings and survive as earth’s dominant biomass, they also accumulate and store some contaminants from surroundings, acting as passive samplers. Novel applications and analytical methods have been utilized to gain information about a wide range of contaminants in the biosphere soil, water, and air, with information available on both past (dendrochemistry) and present (phytoscreening). Collectively these sampling approaches provide rapid, cheap, ecologically friendly, and overall “green” tools termed “Phytoforensics”.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Chemical Society","doi":"10.1021/es2005286","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Burken, J., Vroblesky, D., and Balouet, J., 2011, Phytoforensics, dendrochemistry, and phytoscreening: New green tools for delineating contaminants from past and present: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 45, no. 15, p. 6218-6226, https://doi.org/10.1021/es2005286.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"6218","endPage":"6226","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":245541,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":217588,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es2005286"}],"volume":"45","issue":"15","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-07-12","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7b32e4b0c8380cd792ec","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Burken, J.G.","contributorId":30810,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burken","given":"J.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456993,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Vroblesky, D.A.","contributorId":101691,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vroblesky","given":"D.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456995,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Balouet, J.-C.","contributorId":84597,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Balouet","given":"J.-C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456994,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70046457,"text":"70046457 - 2011 - Applications of selective ion exchange for perchlorate removal, recovery, and environmental forensics","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-05T13:07:10","indexId":"70046457","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Applications of selective ion exchange for perchlorate removal, recovery, and environmental forensics","docAbstract":"Perchlorate (ClO4-) is a widespread contaminant found in drinking water and groundwater that has caused far-reaching ramifications ranging from public health issues to potential liabilities arising from environmental clean-up requirements.\nThe chapter summarizes recent developments in highly selective and regenerable ion exchange technologies for removing ClO4- from contaminated water. The technologies rely on a unique, highly specific resin to trap ClO4-. The resin is then\nregenerated and ClO4- is either destroyed or recovered—leading to significant cost reduction and waste minimization. The ability to recover trace quantities of pure ClO4- from contaminated media also allows unambiguous identification of the\nsources of its contamination through stable isotope ratio analysis of chlorine and oxygen atoms. We provide detailed descriptions of the techniques for extracting, purifying, and crystallizing trade amounts of ClO4- and characterizing its isotopic\ncomposition for fingerprinting in the environment.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ion exchange and solvent extraction: A series of advances, Volume 20","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"CRC Press","isbn":"9781439855393","usgsCitation":"Gu, B., Bohlke, J., Sturchio, N.C., Hatzinger, P., Jackson, A., Beloso, A.D., Heraty, L.J., Bian, Y., Jiang, X., and Brown, G.M., 2011, Applications of selective ion exchange for perchlorate removal, recovery, and environmental forensics, chap. <i>of</i> Ion exchange and solvent extraction: A series of advances, Volume 20, p. 117-144.","productDescription":"28 p.","startPage":"117","endPage":"144","ipdsId":"IP-017595","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":342098,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":342097,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.crcpress.com/Ion-Exchange-and-Solvent-Extraction-A-Series-of-Advances-Volume-20/SenGupta/p/book/9781439855393"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59366dade4b0f6c2d0d7d64c","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"SenGupta, Arup K.","contributorId":192624,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"SenGupta","given":"Arup","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":697102,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Gu, Baohua","contributorId":15504,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gu","given":"Baohua","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":697092,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bohlke, J.K. 0000-0001-5693-6455 jkbohlke@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5693-6455","contributorId":191103,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bohlke","given":"J.K.","email":"jkbohlke@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36183,"text":"Hydro-Ecological Interactions Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":697093,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sturchio, Neil C.","contributorId":149375,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sturchio","given":"Neil","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":15289,"text":"University of Illinois, Ven Te Chow Hydrosystems Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":697094,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hatzinger, Paul B.","contributorId":43204,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hatzinger","given":"Paul B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":697095,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Jackson, Andrew","contributorId":176588,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jackson","given":"Andrew","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":697096,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Beloso, Abelardo D. Jr.","contributorId":15016,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beloso","given":"Abelardo","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":697097,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Heraty, Linnea J.","contributorId":192520,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Heraty","given":"Linnea","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":697098,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Bian, Yongrong","contributorId":192621,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bian","given":"Yongrong","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":697099,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Jiang, Xin","contributorId":192622,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jiang","given":"Xin","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":697100,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Brown, Gilbert M.","contributorId":192623,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brown","given":"Gilbert","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":697101,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}}
,{"id":70035124,"text":"70035124 - 2011 - Potential for iron oxides to control metal releases in CO2 sequestration scenarios","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-03-01T19:19:59.943077","indexId":"70035124","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5215,"text":"Energy Procedia","onlineIssn":"1876-6102","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Potential for iron oxides to control metal releases in CO2 sequestration scenarios","docAbstract":"<p><span>The potential for the release of metals into groundwater following the injection of carbon dioxide (CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>) into the subsurface during carbon sequestration projects remains an open research question. Changing the chemical composition of even the relatively deep formation brines during CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;injection and storage may be of concern because of the recognized risks associated with the limited potential for leakage of CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>-impacted brine to the surface. Geochemical modeling allows for proactive evaluation of site geochemistry before CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;injection takes place to predict whether the release of metals from iron oxides may occur in the reservoir. Geochemical modeling can also help evaluate potential changes in shallow aquifers were CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;leakage to occur near the surface. In this study, we created three batch-reaction models that simulate chemical changes in groundwater resulting from the introduction of CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;at two carbon sequestration sites operated by the Midwest Geological Sequestration Consortium (MGSC). In each of these models, we input the chemical composition of groundwater samples into React</span><sup>®</sup><span>, and equilibrated them with selected mineral phases and CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;at reservoir pressure and temperature. The model then simulated the kinetic reactions with other mineral phases over a period of up to 100 years. For two of the simulations, the water was also at equilibrium with iron oxide surface complexes. The first model simulated a recently completed enhanced oil recovery (EOR) project in south-central Illinois in which the MGSC injected into, and then produced CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>, from a sandstone oil reservoir. The MGSC afterwards periodically measured the brine chemistry from several wells in the reservoir for approximately two years. The sandstone contains a relatively small amount of iron oxide, and the batch simulation for the injection process showed detectable changes in several aqueous species that were attributable to changes in surface complexation sites. After using the batch reaction configuration to match measured geochemical changes due to CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;injection, we modeled potential changes in groundwater chemistry at the Illinois Basin–Decatur Project (IBDP) site in Decatur, Illinois, USA. At the IBDP, the MGSC will inject 1 million tonnes of CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;over the course of three years at a depth of about 2&nbsp;km below the surface into the Mt. Simon Formation. Sections of the Mt. Simon Formation contain up to 10 percent iron oxide, and therefore surface complexes on iron oxides should play a major role in controlling brine chemistry. The batch simulation of this system showed a significant decrease in pH after the injection of CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;with corresponding changes in brine chemistry resulting from both mineral precipitation/dissolution reactions and changes in the chemistry on iron oxide surfaces. To ensure the safety of shallow drinking water sources, there are several shallow monitoring wells at the IBDP that the MGSC samples regularly to determine baseline chemical concentrations. Knowing what geochemical parameters are most sensitive to CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;disturbances allows us to focus monitoring efforts. Modeling a major influx of CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;into the shallow groundwater allowed us to determine that were an introduction of CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;to occur, the only immediate effect will be dolomite dissolution and calcite precipitation.</span></p>","conferenceTitle":"10th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies","conferenceDate":"September 19-23, 2010","conferenceLocation":"Amsterdam","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.egypro.2011.02.235","usgsCitation":"Berger, P., and Roy, W.R., 2011, Potential for iron oxides to control metal releases in CO2 sequestration scenarios: Energy Procedia, v. 4, p. 3195-3201, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2011.02.235.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"3195","endPage":"3201","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":475170,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2011.02.235","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":243322,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215512,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2011.02.235"}],"volume":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7f12e4b0c8380cd7a8d9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Berger, P.M.","contributorId":70611,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berger","given":"P.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449397,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Roy, William R.","contributorId":45454,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roy","given":"William","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449396,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70189939,"text":"70189939 - 2011 - Mechanics of flow and sediment transport in delta distributary channels","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-04T11:34:11","indexId":"70189939","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Mechanics of flow and sediment transport in delta distributary channels","docAbstract":"Predicting the planform and dimensions of a channel downstream from a confluence of two smaller channels with known sediment and water supplies is a fundamental, well-studied problem in geomorphology and engineering. An analogous but less well understood problem is found\nwell downstream of such confluences, where large river channels split into two or more distributary channels on a river delta. In this case, both the flow and sediment supplies in the downstream distributaries are set by the dynamics near the bifurcation of the upstream channel and by downstream\nboundary conditions. Over time, the pattern of erosion and deposition in the distributary channels gives rise to variations in the amount of water and sediment routed into them. In the simplest case, this results in channel switching on deltas, but in a more general sense these dynamics produce a rich suite of interesting morphologic change contributing both to the evolution of the channel distributary network and the overall evolution of the delta. As part of a study to develop a better understanding of these processes, we conducted a field study measuring the detailed morphology of the Hong-Luoc junction on the Red River downstream of Hanoi, Vietnam. This junction was selected for such a study because it has a 1,000-year history, modern observations suggest that it is currently switching (changing the proportion of sediment and streamflow provided to each of the distributary channels), and hydrologic configuration of the junction allows for the study of two bifurcations and one confluence in a single junction complex. In this paper, our morphologic observations are used in computational flow models to show how flow and sediment transport changes as a function of total discharge upstream of the junction. This is a key component of understanding how the junction attains stability over a range of flows or how imbalances in the distribution of flow and sediment transport lead to destabilization of the channel bifurcation.","conferenceTitle":"2011 EIT International Conference on Water Resources Engineering","language":"English","publisher":"Proceeding of the 2011 EIT International Conference on Water Resources Engineering","usgsCitation":"Nelson, J.M., Kinzel, P.J., Duc Toan, D., Shimizu, Y., and McDonald, R.R., 2011, Mechanics of flow and sediment transport in delta distributary channels, 2011 EIT International Conference on Water Resources Engineering, p. 8-14.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"8","endPage":"14","ipdsId":"IP-030356","costCenters":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":353146,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5afef572e4b0da30c1bfc90e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nelson, Jonathan M. 0000-0002-7632-8526 jmn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7632-8526","contributorId":2812,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"Jonathan","email":"jmn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":706822,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kinzel, Paul J. 0000-0002-6076-9730 pjkinzel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6076-9730","contributorId":743,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kinzel","given":"Paul","email":"pjkinzel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":706823,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Duc Toan, Duong","contributorId":195348,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Duc Toan","given":"Duong","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":706825,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Shimizu, Yasuyuki","contributorId":28875,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shimizu","given":"Yasuyuki","affiliations":[{"id":25249,"text":"Univ. of Hokkaido, Sapporo,Japan","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":706827,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"McDonald, Richard R. 0000-0002-0703-0638 rmcd@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0703-0638","contributorId":2428,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McDonald","given":"Richard","email":"rmcd@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":732671,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70190330,"text":"70190330 - 2011 - Elevated gas hydrate saturation within silt and silty clay sediments in the Shenhu area, South China Sea","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-27T10:26:24","indexId":"70190330","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Elevated gas hydrate saturation within silt and silty clay sediments in the Shenhu area, South China Sea","docAbstract":"<p>Gas hydrate saturations were estimated using five different methods in silt and silty clay foraminiferous sediments from drill hole SH2 in the South China Sea. Gas hydrate saturations derived from observed pore water chloride values in core samples range from 10 to 45% of the pore space at 190–221 m below seafloor (mbsf). Gas hydrate saturations estimated from resistivity (R<sub>t</sub>) using wireline logging results are similar and range from 10 to 40.5% in the pore space. Gas hydrate saturations were also estimated by <i>P</i> wave velocity obtained during wireline logging by using a simplified three-phase equation (STPE) and effective medium theory (EMT) models. Gas hydrate saturations obtained from the STPE velocity model (41.0% maximum) are slightly higher than those calculated with the EMT velocity model (38.5% maximum). Methane analysis from a 69 cm long depressurized core from the hydrate-bearing sediment zone indicates that gas hydrate saturation is about 27.08% of the pore space at 197.5 mbsf. Results from the five methods show similar values and nearly identical trends in gas hydrate saturations above the base of the gas hydrate stability zone at depths of 190 to 221 mbsf. Gas hydrate occurs within units of clayey slit and silt containing abundant calcareous nannofossils and foraminifer, which increase the porosities of the fine-grained sediments and provide space for enhanced gas hydrate formation. In addition, gas chimneys, faults, and fractures identified from three-dimensional (3-D) and high-resolution two-dimensional (2-D) seismic data provide pathways for fluids migrating into the gas hydrate stability zone which transport methane for the formation of gas hydrate. Sedimentation and local canyon migration may contribute to higher gas hydrate saturations near the base of the stability zone.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Journal of Geophysical Research","doi":"10.1029/2010JB007944","usgsCitation":"Wang, X., Hutchinson, D.R., Wu, S., Yang, S., and Guo, Y., 2011, Elevated gas hydrate saturation within silt and silty clay sediments in the Shenhu area, South China Sea: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 116, no. B5, Article B05102; 18 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JB007944.","productDescription":"Article B05102; 18 p.","ipdsId":"IP-022714","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475432,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2010jb007944","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":345173,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"South China Sea","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              105,\n              15\n            ],\n            [\n              121,\n              15\n            ],\n            [\n              121,\n              24\n            ],\n            [\n              105,\n              24\n            ],\n            [\n              105,\n              15\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"116","issue":"B5","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":11,"text":"Pembroke PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-05-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59a3da31e4b077f005673227","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wang, Xiujuan","contributorId":195861,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wang","given":"Xiujuan","affiliations":[{"id":34424,"text":"Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":708559,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hutchinson, Deborah R. 0000-0002-2544-5466 dhutchinson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2544-5466","contributorId":521,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hutchinson","given":"Deborah","email":"dhutchinson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":708560,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wu, Shiguo","contributorId":195862,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wu","given":"Shiguo","affiliations":[{"id":34424,"text":"Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":708561,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Yang, Shengxiong","contributorId":195863,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Yang","given":"Shengxiong","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":34423,"text":"Guangzhou Marine Geological Survey, Guangzhou, China","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":708562,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Guo, Yiqun","contributorId":68659,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Guo","given":"Yiqun","affiliations":[{"id":34423,"text":"Guangzhou Marine Geological Survey, Guangzhou, China","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":708563,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70032549,"text":"70032549 - 2011 - Ontogenetic and diel variation in stream habitat use by brook trout (<i>Salvelinus fontinalis</i>) in a headwater stream","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-04T14:07:47","indexId":"70032549","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2299,"text":"Journal of Freshwater Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ontogenetic and diel variation in stream habitat use by brook trout (<i>Salvelinus fontinalis</i>) in a headwater stream","docAbstract":"Although considerable information exists on habitat use by stream salmonids, only a small portion has quantitatively examined diurnal and nocturnal habitat variation. We examined diel variation in habitat use by age-0 and age-1+ brook trout (<i>Salvelinus fontinalis</i>) during summer and autumn in a headwater stream in northern Pennsylvania. Habitat variables measured included cover, depth, substrate, and velocity. The most pronounced diel variation occurred in the use of cover during both seasons. Both age-0 brook trout and age-1+ trout were associated with less cover at night. Age-0 brook trout occupied swifter water during the day than at night during both seasons, but the difference was not significant. Increased cover, depth, and substrate size governed the habitat of age-1+ brook trout. Our findings support the need for a better understanding of diel differences in habitat use of stream salmonids when considering habitat enhancement and protection.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Freshwater Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","publisherLocation":"Philadelphia, PA","doi":"10.1080/02705060.2011.553948","issn":"02705060","usgsCitation":"Johnson, J.H., Ross, R.M., Dropkin, D.S., and Redell, L.A., 2011, Ontogenetic and diel variation in stream habitat use by brook trout (<i>Salvelinus fontinalis</i>) in a headwater stream: Journal of Freshwater Ecology, v. 26, no. 1, p. 143-152, https://doi.org/10.1080/02705060.2011.553948.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"143","endPage":"152","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475364,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02705060.2011.553948","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":213724,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02705060.2011.553948"},{"id":241380,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"26","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6e4de4b0c8380cd7559b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, J. H.","contributorId":54914,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436768,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ross, R. M.","contributorId":39311,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ross","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436767,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dropkin, D. S.","contributorId":87084,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dropkin","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436770,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Redell, Lori A.","contributorId":66204,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Redell","given":"Lori","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436769,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70032541,"text":"70032541 - 2011 - Methodology to assess water presence on speleothems during periods of low precipitation, with implications for recharge sources - Kartchner Caverns, Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-04-29T11:59:04","indexId":"70032541","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2201,"text":"Journal of Cave and Karst Studies","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Methodology to assess water presence on speleothems during periods of low precipitation, with implications for recharge sources - Kartchner Caverns, Arizona","docAbstract":"Beginning in January 2005, recharge processes and the presence of water on speleothems were monitored in Kartchner Caverns during a 44-month period when annual rainfall rates were 6 to 18 percent below the long-term mean. Electrical-resistance sensors designed to detect the presence of water were used to identify ephemeral streamflow in the channels overlying the cave as well as the movement of water within the cave system. Direct infiltration of precipitation through overhead rocks provided consistent inflow to the cave, but precipitation rates and subsequent infiltration rates were reduced during the comparatively dry years. Ephemeral stream-channel recharge through autogenic and allogenic processes, the predominant recharge mechanism during wetter periods, was limited to two low-volume events. From visual observations, it appeared that recharge from channel infiltration was equal to or less than recharge from overhead infiltration. Electrical-resistance sensors were able to detect thin films of water on speleothems, including stalactites, ribbons, and stalagmites. These films of water were directly attributed to overhead infiltration of precipitation. Periods of low precipitation resulted in decreased speleothem wetness.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Cave and Karst Studies","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"National Speleological Society","doi":"10.4311/jcks2009es0094","issn":"10906924","usgsCitation":"Blasch, K.W., 2011, Methodology to assess water presence on speleothems during periods of low precipitation, with implications for recharge sources - Kartchner Caverns, Arizona: Journal of Cave and Karst Studies, v. 73, no. 2, p. 63-74, https://doi.org/10.4311/jcks2009es0094.","startPage":"63","endPage":"74","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":487758,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"http://doi.org/10.4311/jcks2009es0094","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":241251,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213606,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.4311/jcks2009es0094"}],"volume":"73","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5578e4b0c8380cd6d207","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Blasch, Kyle W. 0000-0002-0590-0724 kblasch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0590-0724","contributorId":1631,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blasch","given":"Kyle","email":"kblasch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":5050,"text":"WY-MT Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":436731,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70032542,"text":"70032542 - 2011 - Evaluation of Nobuto filter paper strips for the detection of avian influenza virus antibody in waterfowl","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-10-22T19:49:20.26049","indexId":"70032542","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":948,"text":"Avian Diseases","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluation of Nobuto filter paper strips for the detection of avian influenza virus antibody in waterfowl","docAbstract":"The utility of using Nobuto paper strips for the detection of avian influenza antibodies was examined in mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) experimentally infected with low pathogenic avian influenza viruses. Blood was collected 2 wk after infection and was preserved either as serum or whole blood absorbed onto Nobuto strips. Analysis of samples using a commercially available blocking enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay revealed comparable results (???96% sensitivity for all methods) between sera stored at -30 C and the Nobuto strip preservation method even when the Nobuto strips were stored up to 3 mo at room temperature (RT). Significant differences were detected in the ratio of sample absorbance to negative control absorbance for Nobuto strips stored at RT compared with sera stored at -30 C, although these differences did not affect the ability of the test to reliably detect positive and negative samples. Nobuto strips are a convenient and sensitive alternative to the collection of serum samples when maintaining appropriate storage temperatures is difficult. ?? 2011 American Association of Avian Pathologists.","language":"English","publisher":"American Association of Avian Pathologists","doi":"10.1637/9687-021511-ResNote.1","issn":"00052086","usgsCitation":"Dusek, R., Hall, J.S., Nashold, S.W., Teslaa, J.L., and Ip, H., 2011, Evaluation of Nobuto filter paper strips for the detection of avian influenza virus antibody in waterfowl: Avian Diseases, v. 55, no. 4, p. 674-676, https://doi.org/10.1637/9687-021511-ResNote.1.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"674","endPage":"676","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":241252,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213607,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1637/9687-021511-ResNote.1"}],"volume":"55","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0c1de4b0c8380cd52a3e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dusek, Robert J. 0000-0001-6177-7479","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6177-7479","contributorId":30203,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dusek","given":"Robert J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436733,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hall, Jeffrey S. 0000-0001-5599-2826 jshall@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5599-2826","contributorId":2254,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hall","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jshall@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":436734,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nashold, Sean W. 0000-0002-8869-6633 snashold@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8869-6633","contributorId":3611,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nashold","given":"Sean","email":"snashold@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":436735,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Teslaa, Joshua L. 0000-0001-7802-3454 jteslaa@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7802-3454","contributorId":5794,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Teslaa","given":"Joshua","email":"jteslaa@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":436736,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ip, Hon S. 0000-0003-4844-7533","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4844-7533","contributorId":15829,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ip","given":"Hon S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436732,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70032544,"text":"70032544 - 2011 - New insights from well responses to fluctuations in barometric pressure","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:21","indexId":"70032544","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"New insights from well responses to fluctuations in barometric pressure","docAbstract":"Hydrologists have long recognized that changes in barometric pressure can produce changes in water levels in wells. The barometric response function (BRF) has proven to be an effective means to characterize this relationship; we show here how it can also be utilized to glean valuable insights into semi-confined aquifer systems. The form of the BRF indicates the degree of aquifer confinement, while a comparison of BRFs between wells sheds light on hydrostratigraphic continuity. A new approach for estimating hydraulic properties of aquitards from BRFs has been developed and verified. The BRF is not an invariant characteristic of a well; in unconfined or semi-confined aquifers, it can change with conditions in the vadose zone. Field data from a long-term research site demonstrate the hydrostratigraphic insights that can be gained from monitoring water levels and barometric pressure. Such insights should be of value for a wide range of practical applications. ?? 2010 The Author(s). Journal compilation ?? 2010 National Ground Water Association.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ground Water","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.2010.00768.x","issn":"0017467X","usgsCitation":"Butler, J., Jin, W., Mohammed, G., and Reboulet, E., 2011, New insights from well responses to fluctuations in barometric pressure: Ground Water, v. 49, no. 4, p. 525-533, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2010.00768.x.","startPage":"525","endPage":"533","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213637,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2010.00768.x"},{"id":241283,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"49","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-11-16","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a65d8e4b0c8380cd72c62","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Butler, J.J.","contributorId":55605,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Butler","given":"J.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436744,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jin, W.","contributorId":27682,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jin","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436743,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mohammed, G.A.","contributorId":108321,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mohammed","given":"G.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436745,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Reboulet, E.C.","contributorId":13047,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reboulet","given":"E.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436742,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70032548,"text":"70032548 - 2011 - Self-potential investigations of a gravel bar in a restored river corridor","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:21","indexId":"70032548","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1928,"text":"Hydrology and Earth System Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Self-potential investigations of a gravel bar in a restored river corridor","docAbstract":"Self-potentials (SP) are sensitive to water fluxes and concentration gradients in both saturated and unsaturated geological media, but quantitative interpretations of SP field data may often be hindered by the superposition of different source contributions and time-varying electrode potentials. Self-potential mapping and close to two months of SP monitoring on a gravel bar were performed to investigate the origins of SP signals at a restored river section of the Thur River in northeastern Switzerland. The SP mapping and subsequent inversion of the data indicate that the SP sources are mainly located in the upper few meters in regions of soil cover rather than bare gravel. Wavelet analyses of the time-series indicate a strong, but non-linear influence of water table and water content variations, as well as rainfall intensity on the recorded SP signals. Modeling of the SP response with respect to an increase in the water table elevation and precipitation indicate that the distribution of soil properties in the vadose zone has a very strong influence. We conclude that the observed SP responses on the gravel bar are more complicated than previously proposed semi-empiric relationships between SP signals and hydraulic head or the thickness of the vadose zone. We suggest that future SP monitoring in restored river corridors should either focus on quantifying vadose zone processes by installing vertical profiles of closely spaced SP electrodes or by installing the electrodes within the river to avoid signals arising from vadose zone processes and time-varying electrochemical conditions in the vicinity of the electrodes. ?? 2011 Author(s).","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrology and Earth System Sciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.5194/hess-15-729-2011","issn":"10275606","usgsCitation":"Linde, N., Doetsch, J., Jougnot, D., Genoni, O., Durst, Y., Minsley, B., Vogt, T., Pasquale, N., and Luster, J., 2011, Self-potential investigations of a gravel bar in a restored river corridor: Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, v. 15, no. 3, p. 729-742, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-15-729-2011.","startPage":"729","endPage":"742","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":475085,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-15-729-2011","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":241348,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213695,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-15-729-2011"}],"volume":"15","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-03-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8d02e4b08c986b31821d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Linde, N.","contributorId":37545,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Linde","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436761,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Doetsch, J.","contributorId":35131,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doetsch","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436760,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jougnot, D.","contributorId":102697,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jougnot","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436766,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Genoni, O.","contributorId":7918,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Genoni","given":"O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436758,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Durst, Y.","contributorId":20989,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Durst","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436759,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Minsley, B. J.","contributorId":52107,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Minsley","given":"B. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436764,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Vogt, T.","contributorId":66925,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vogt","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436765,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Pasquale, N.","contributorId":43991,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pasquale","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436762,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Luster, J.","contributorId":51101,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luster","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436763,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
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