Tracking of seabirds has been used to identify foraging hotspots, migratory routes and to assess at-sea threats facing populations. One such threat is the potential negative interaction between seabirds and fisheries through incidental by-catch. In 2012, 60 magnificent frigatebirds Fregata magnificens were found dead, entangled in fishing line, at the globally important breeding site in the British Virgin Islands (BVI). To assess the potential relationship between foraging behaviour and fishing activity, data loggers were deployed on breeding magnificent frigatebirds to record foraging movements. In addition, a survey of local fishers was conducted to assess the scale of incidental by-catch. We recorded 28 complete foraging trips from GPS and GPS-GSM loggers, and 1758 PTT locations. Birds travelled up to 3.3–1067 km from their breeding colony and entered the waters of 10 neighbouring territories. A high percentage of fishers (93% n = 28) reported catching at least one seabird annually, of which the most common were magnificent frigatebirds and brown boobies Sula leucogaster. There are estimated to be at least 1112 vessels in the recreational and artisanal fishing fleets of BVI and its neighbouring islands. Thus, this substantial fishery may have potentially profound effects on seabird populations in the region.
Coastal marine atmospheric fog has recently been implicated as a potential source of ocean-derived monomethylmercury (MMHg) to coastal terrestrial ecosystems through the process of sea-to-land advection of foggy air masses followed by wet deposition. This study examined whether pumas (Puma concolor) in coastal central California, USA, and their associated food web, have elevated concentrations of MMHg, which could be indicative of their habitat being in a region that is regularly inundated with marine fog. We found that adult puma fur and fur-normalized whiskers in our marine fog-influenced study region had a mean (±SE) total Hg (THg) (a convenient surrogate for MMHg) concentration of 1544 ± 151 ng g−1 (N = 94), which was three times higher (P < 0.01) than mean THg in comparable samples from inland areas of California (492 ± 119 ng g−1, N = 18). Pumas in California eat primarily black-tailed and/or mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus), and THg in deer fur from the two regions was also significantly different (coastal 28.1 ± 2.9, N = 55, vs. inland 15.5 ± 1.5 ng g−1, N = 40). We suggest that atmospheric deposition of MMHg through fog may be contributing to this pattern, as we also observed significantly higher MMHg concentrations in lace lichen (Ramalina menziesii), a deer food and a bioindicator of atmospheric deposition, at sites with the highest fog frequencies. At these ocean-facing sites, deer samples had significantly higher THg concentrations compared to those from more inland bay-facing sites. Our results suggest that fog-borne MMHg, while likely a small fraction of Hg in all atmospheric deposition, may contribute, disproportionately, to the bioaccumulation of Hg to levels that approach toxicological thresholds in at least one apex predator. As global mercury levels increase, coastal food webs may be at risk to the toxicological effects of increased methylmercury burdens.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Nature","doi":"10.1038/s41598-019-54056-7","usgsCitation":"Weiss-Penzias, P.S., Bank, M.S., Clifford, D.L., Torregrosa, A.A., Zheng, B., Lin, W., and Wilmers, C.C., 2019, Marine fog inputs appear to increase methylmercury bioaccumulation in a coastal terrestrial food web: Scientific Reports, v. 9, 17611, 11 p., https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-54056-7.","productDescription":"17611, 11 p.","ipdsId":"IP-107344","costCenters":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":459108,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-54056-7","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":372762,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Santa Cruz Mountain coastal region","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.7777099609375,\n 36.619936625629215\n ],\n [\n -121.47033691406249,\n 36.619936625629215\n ],\n [\n -121.47033691406249,\n 37.80978395301097\n ],\n [\n -122.7777099609375,\n 37.80978395301097\n ],\n [\n -122.7777099609375,\n 36.619936625629215\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-11-26","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Weiss-Penzias, Peter S.","contributorId":222895,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Weiss-Penzias","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":783458,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bank, Michael S.","contributorId":10684,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bank","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":783459,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Clifford, Deana L.","contributorId":13556,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clifford","given":"Deana","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":783460,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Torregrosa, Alicia A. 0000-0001-7361-2241 atorregrosa@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7361-2241","contributorId":3471,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Torregrosa","given":"Alicia","email":"atorregrosa@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":783461,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Zheng, Belle","contributorId":222905,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zheng","given":"Belle","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":783462,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lin, Wendy","contributorId":222906,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lin","given":"Wendy","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":783463,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Wilmers, Christopher C.","contributorId":150642,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wilmers","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":783464,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70206776,"text":"70206776 - 2019 - Riparian soil nitrogen cycling and isotopic enrichment in response to a long-term salmon carcass manipulation experiment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-19T15:11:55","indexId":"70206776","displayToPublicDate":"2019-11-21T10:41:17","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1475,"text":"Ecosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Riparian soil nitrogen cycling and isotopic enrichment in response to a long-term salmon carcass manipulation experiment","docAbstract":"Pacific salmon acquire most of their biomass in the ocean before returning to spawn and die in coastal streams and lakes, thus providing subsidies of marine‐derived nitrogen (MDN) to freshwater and terrestrial ecosystems. Recent declines in salmon abundance have raised questions of whether managers should mitigate for losses of salmon MDN subsidies. To test the long‐term importance of salmon subsidies to riparian ecosystems, we measured soil nitrogen cycling in response to a 20‐yr manipulation where salmon carcasses were systematically removed from one bank and deposited on the opposite bank along a 2‐km stream in southwestern Alaska. Soil samples were taken at different distances from the stream bank along nine paired transects and measured for organic and inorganic nitrogen concentrations, and nitrogen transformation rates. Marine‐derived nitrogen was measured using 15N/14N for bulk soils, and
Red tree corals (Primnoa pacifica) are abundant in the eastern Gulf of Alaska, from the glacial fjords of Southeast Alaska where they emerge to as shallow as 6 m, to the continental shelf edge and seamounts where they are more commonly found at depths greater than 150 – 500 m. This keystone species forms large thickets, creating habitat for many associated species, including economically valuable fishes and crabs, and so are important benthic suspension feeders in this region. Though the reproductive periodicity of this species was reported in 2014 from a shallow fjord (Tracy Arm), this study examined reproductive ecologies from 8 sites – two within Glacier Bay National Park and Preserve, three on the continental shelf edge, one within Endicott Arm (Holkham Bay) and two time points from the Tracy Arm (Holkham Bay) study. Male reproductive traits were similar at all sites but there were distinct differences in oogenesis. Though per polyp fecundity mostly showed no significant difference between sites, there was a non-significant trend of increasing number of oocytes with depth. In addition, the average oocyte size from Tracy Arm (the shallowest site) was 105 μm, whereas from Shutter Ridge (one of the deepest sites) the average size was 309 μm. Moreover, the maximum oocyte size at Endicott Arm was 221 μm and at Tracy Arm was 802 μm (both shallow sites), whereas at Dixon Entrance (a deep site) it was 2120 μm, a difference not usually observed within a single species. We propose two theories to explain the observed differences, (a) this species shows great phenotypic plasticity in reproductive ecology, adjusting to different environmental variables based on energetic need and potentially demonstrating micro-evolution; or (b) the fjord sites are at a reproductive dead end, with the stress of shallow-water conditions effectively preventing gametogenesis reaching full potential and likely limiting successful reproductive events from occurring, at least on a regular basis.
The precise estimation of process effects in hydrological models requires applying models to large scales with extensive spatial variability in controlling factors. Despite progress in large‐scale applications of hydrological models in conterminous United States (CONUS) river basins, spatial constraints in model parameters have prevented the interbasin sharing of data, complicating quantification of process effects and limiting the accuracy of model predictions and uncertainties. Hierarchical Bayesian methods enable data sharing between basins and the identification of the causes of model uncertainties, which can improve model accuracy and interpretability; however, computational inefficiencies have been an obstacle to their large‐scale application. We used a new generation of Bayesian methods to develop a hierarchical version of a previous hybrid (statistical‐mechanistic) SPAtially Referenced Regression On Watershed attributes model of long‐term mean annual streamflow in the CONUS. We identified hierarchical (regional) variations in model coefficients and uncertainties and evaluated their effects on model accuracy and interpretability across diverse environments in 16 major CONUS regions. Hierarchical coefficients significantly improved spatial accuracy of model predictions, with the largest improvements in humid eastern regions, where uncertainties were approximately one third of those in arid western regions. Half of the coefficients varied regionally, with the largest variations in coefficients associated with water losses in streams and reservoirs. Our unraveling of the causes of model uncertainties identified a small latent process component of runoff that varies inversely with river size in most CONUS regions. Our study advances the use of hierarchical Bayesian methods to improve the predictive capabilities of hydrological models.
The goal of this multiyear study was to examine how changes to an upstream fishway entrance impacted the passage rate of adult American shad (Alosa sapidissima). We evaluated a total of nine treatment conditions that consisted of three fishway entrance gate types and three submergence depths (i.e., the water surface elevation of the tailwater relative to the height of the gate crest). Approximately 2,000 wild, actively migrating shad participated in one of the 64 total trials (6–8 trials per treatment) that were conducted for this experiment. The three fishway entrance gate types were the vertical gate (the most common entrance gate type used in fishways), the overshot gate (less common in fishways), and the reversed overshot gate (novel to fishways). The submergence depths ranged from 30.5 to 91.4 cm above the gate crest. Increases to the submergence depth were shown to be the most influential predictor variable of passage time, followed by gate type and river temperature. The reversed overshot and overshot gates outperformed the vertical gate with the best performance occurring for the newly introduced reversed overshot gate type. The results of this study provide guidance on methods to improve fishway attraction and entry rates to numerous state and federal resource agencies and the hydropower industry.
","language":"English","publisher":"AGU","doi":"10.1029/2018WR024400","usgsCitation":"Mulligan, K., Haro, A.J., Towler, B., Sojkowski, B., and Noreika, J., 2019, Fishway entrance gate experiments with adult American Shad: Water Resources Research, v. 55, no. 12, p. 10839-10855, https://doi.org/10.1029/2018WR024400.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"10839","endPage":"10855","ipdsId":"IP-095295","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":370523,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"55","issue":"12","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":10,"text":"Baltimore PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-12-17","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mulligan, Kevin 0000-0002-3534-4239 kmulligan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3534-4239","contributorId":177024,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mulligan","given":"Kevin","email":"kmulligan@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":778132,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Haro, Alexander J. 0000-0002-7188-9172 aharo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7188-9172","contributorId":2917,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haro","given":"Alexander","email":"aharo@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":778133,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Towler, Brett","contributorId":141164,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Towler","given":"Brett","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6927,"text":"USFWS, National Wildlife Refuge System","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":778134,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sojkowski, Bryan","contributorId":221424,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sojkowski","given":"Bryan","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":40373,"text":"United States Fish and Wildlife","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":778135,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Noreika, John 0000-0002-6637-5812 jnoreika@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6637-5812","contributorId":221425,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Noreika","given":"John","email":"jnoreika@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":778136,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70208872,"text":"70208872 - 2019 - The power, potential, and pitfalls of open access biodiversity data in range size assessments: Lessons from the fishes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-03-04T06:30:58","indexId":"70208872","displayToPublicDate":"2019-11-14T06:29:19","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1456,"text":"Ecological Indicators","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The power, potential, and pitfalls of open access biodiversity data in range size assessments: Lessons from the fishes","docAbstract":"Geographic rarity is a driver of a species’ intrinsic risk of extinction. It encompasses multiple key components including range size, which is one of the most commonly measured estimates of geographic rarity. Range size estimates are often used to prioritize conservation efforts when there are multiple candidate species, because data for other components of rarity such as population size are sparse, or do not exist for species of interest. Range size estimates can provide rankings of species vulnerability to changing environments or threats, identifying rare species for future study or conservation initiatives. However, range sizes can be estimated by several different metrics, and the degree of overlap in the identification of the rarest or most common species across methodologies is not well understood. This knowledge gap compromises our ability to prioritize correctly rare species, and presents a particularly difficult challenge for stream-dwelling organisms with distributions constrained to river networks. We evaluated the relationship of multiple range size estimates of a subset of freshwater fishes native to the United States to determine the degree of overlap in rarity rankings using different data sources and grain sizes. We used publicly available, open access data from the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) to calculate extent of occurrence (minimum convex polygons) and area of occupancy (total area occupied, measured across various grain sizes). We compared range sizes estimated using GBIF data with the best available estimates of current distributions described by publicly available digital maps (NatureServe) to evaluate the efficacy of GBIF data in assessments of range size. We found strong correlations between range size estimates across analytical approaches and data sources with no detectable bias of taxonomy. We found that variation among rarity rankings was highest for species with intermediate range sizes indicating that the approaches considered here generally converge when used to identify the rarest or the most common species. Importantly, our results show that the rarest, and perhaps the most vulnerable, species are consistently identified across common methodological approaches. More broadly, our results support the use of open access biodiversity data that include opportunistically collated and collected point occurrence records as a complement to coarse-grain (e.g., whole range map) approaches, as we observed no systematic bias or deviation across data sources in our analyses. This indicates databases such as the GBIF may help fill important fundamental and applied knowledge gaps for many poorly understood species, particularly in a broad-scale, multispecies framework.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolind.2019.105896","usgsCitation":"Benson, A., 2019, The power, potential, and pitfalls of open access biodiversity data in range size assessments: Lessons from the fishes: Ecological Indicators, v. 110, 105896, 12 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2019.105896.","productDescription":"105896, 12 p.","ipdsId":"IP-106411","costCenters":[{"id":208,"text":"Core Science Analytics and Synthesis","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":459190,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2019.105896","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":372880,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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Many wetlands are small in spatial scale and embedded in forested landscapes. Yet, little is known about how the relative sheltering of forests affects net carbon (C) and energy balance. Here, we analyze coterminous USGS and Ameriflux eddy covariance flux tower observations over three years in two shrub fens in Northern Wisconsin, one more sheltered (US-ALQ) than the other (US-Los). Unsurprisingly, the open site showed higher overall wind speeds. This should have implications for atmospheric fluxes in wetlands as wind-forced processes are essential in promoting gas exchange over water. While both sites had similar half-hourly net ecosystem exchange of CO2 (NEE) during daytime, there were significant differences in nighttime NEE, as well as in net radiation partitioning in early spring and late summer. Sensible heat (H) fluxes were smaller at the sheltered fen except for the months of July-September. In contrast, latent heat (LE) fluxes were higher in every month except July. Additionally, sheltered fen ecosystem respiration had a weaker linear correlation with air temperature (R: 0.08 versus 0.57 for the open fen). Our work suggests that canopy sheltering does not cause significant differences in half-hourly NEE during the day, but rather the largest differences such as lower CO2 emissions occur at nighttime due to higher variance at very low wind speeds. Sheltering also influenced direction of air flow, mean wind speeds in day versus night, energy balance, and sensible and latent heat fluxes. We discuss implications of these findings for wetland restoration.","language":"English","publisher":"Frontiers","doi":"10.3389/fenvs.2019.00179","usgsCitation":"Turner, J., Desai, A.R., Thom, J., Wickland, K.P., and Olson, B., 2019, Wind sheltering impacts on land-atmosphere fluxes over fens: Frontiers in Environmental Science, no. 7, 179, 16 p., https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2019.00179.","productDescription":"179, 16 p.","ipdsId":"IP-113387","costCenters":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":459192,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2019.00179","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":369171,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -91.669921875,\n 44.10336537791152\n ],\n [\n -91.1865234375,\n 43.18114705939968\n ],\n [\n -91.03271484375,\n 42.76314586689492\n ],\n [\n -90.68115234375,\n 42.48830197960227\n ],\n [\n -87.6708984375,\n 42.439674178149424\n ],\n [\n -87.8466796875,\n 43.03677585761058\n ],\n [\n -87.6708984375,\n 43.866218006556394\n ],\n [\n -87.4072265625,\n 44.465151013519616\n ],\n [\n -86.8798828125,\n 45.460130637921004\n ],\n [\n -88.08837890625,\n 44.512176171071054\n ],\n [\n -87.47314453125,\n 45.089035564831036\n ],\n [\n -87.73681640625,\n 45.413876460821086\n ],\n [\n -88.0224609375,\n 45.89000815866184\n ],\n [\n -88.79150390625,\n 46.10370875598026\n ],\n [\n -90.087890625,\n 46.392411189814645\n ],\n [\n -90.59326171875,\n 46.694667307773116\n ],\n [\n -90.17578124999999,\n 47.18971246448421\n ],\n [\n -92.26318359375,\n 46.694667307773116\n ],\n [\n -92.35107421874999,\n 46.17983040759436\n ],\n [\n -92.92236328125,\n 45.67548217560647\n ],\n [\n -92.65869140625,\n 45.398449976304086\n ],\n [\n -92.900390625,\n 44.731125592643274\n ],\n [\n -92.13134765625,\n 44.38669150215206\n ],\n [\n -91.669921875,\n 44.10336537791152\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","issue":"7","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-11-13","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Turner, Jessica 0000-0003-1532-4174","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1532-4174","contributorId":220544,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Turner","given":"Jessica","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16925,"text":"University of Wisconsin-Madison","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":775144,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Desai, Ankur R. 0000-0002-5226-6041","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5226-6041","contributorId":20622,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Desai","given":"Ankur","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":7122,"text":"University of Wisconsin","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":775145,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thom, Jonathan","contributorId":220545,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Thom","given":"Jonathan","affiliations":[{"id":16925,"text":"University of Wisconsin-Madison","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":775146,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wickland, Kimberly P. 0000-0002-6400-0590 kpwick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6400-0590","contributorId":1835,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wickland","given":"Kimberly","email":"kpwick@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36183,"text":"Hydro-Ecological Interactions Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":775143,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Olson, Brent","contributorId":220546,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olson","given":"Brent","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":775147,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70206729,"text":"70206729 - 2019 - The importance of natural versus human factors for ecological conditions of streams and rivers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-03T10:36:11","indexId":"70206729","displayToPublicDate":"2019-11-12T07:45:14","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3352,"text":"Science of the Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The importance of natural versus human factors for ecological conditions of streams and rivers","docAbstract":"Streams are influenced by watershed-scale factors, such as climate, geology, topography, hydrology, and soils, which mostly vary naturally among sites, as well as human factors, agriculture and urban development. Thus, natural factors could complicate assessment of human disturbance. In the present study, we use structural equation modeling and data from the 2008-2009 United States National Rivers and Streams Assessment to quantify the relative importance of watershed-scale natural and human factors for in-stream conditions. We hypothesized that biological condition, represented using a diatom multimetric index (MMI), is directly affected by in-stream physicochemical environment, which in turn is regulated by natural and human factors. We evaluated this hypothesis at both national and ecoregion scales to understand how influences vary among regions. We found that direct influences of in-stream environment on diatom MMIs were greater than natural and human factors at the national scale and in all but one ecoregion. Meanwhile, in-stream environments were jointly explained by natural variations in precipitation, base flow index, hydrological stability, % volcanic rock, soil water table depth, and soil depth and by human factors measured as % crops, % other agriculture, and % urban land use. The explained variance of in-stream environment by natural and human factors ranged from 0.30 to 0.75, for which natural factors independently accounted for the largest proportion of explained variance at the national scale and in seven ecoregions. Covariation between natural and human factors accounted for a higher proportion of explained variance of in-stream environment than unique effects of human factors in most ecoregions. Ecoregions with relatively weak effects by human factors had relatively high levels of covariance, high levels of human disturbance, or small ranges in human disturbance. We conclude that accounting for effects of natural factors and their covariation with human factors will be important for accurate ecological assessments.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier ","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135268","usgsCitation":"Tang, T., Stevenson, R.J., and Grace, J., 2019, The importance of natural versus human factors for ecological conditions of streams and rivers: Science of the Total Environment, v. 704, 135268, 13 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135268.","productDescription":"135268, 13 p.","ipdsId":"IP-106891","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":369314,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -126.91406249999999,\n 23.885837699862005\n ],\n [\n -67.5,\n 23.885837699862005\n ],\n [\n -67.5,\n 49.38237278700955\n ],\n [\n -126.91406249999999,\n 49.38237278700955\n ],\n [\n -126.91406249999999,\n 23.885837699862005\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"704","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":5,"text":"Lafayette PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tang, Tao","contributorId":220738,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tang","given":"Tao","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":40263,"text":"State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":775572,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stevenson, R. Jan","contributorId":139110,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stevenson","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"Jan","affiliations":[{"id":6601,"text":"Michigan State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":775573,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Grace, James 0000-0001-6374-4726","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6374-4726","contributorId":220737,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grace","given":"James","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":775571,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70215185,"text":"70215185 - 2019 - Within-group relatedness and patterns of reproductive sharing and cooperation in the tropical chestnut-crested yuhina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-10-09T14:04:56.61404","indexId":"70215185","displayToPublicDate":"2019-11-09T09:00:04","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":770,"text":"Animal Behaviour","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Within-group relatedness and patterns of reproductive sharing and cooperation in the tropical chestnut-crested yuhina","docAbstract":"In cooperatively breeding animals, genetic relatedness among group members often determines the extent of reproductive sharing, cooperation and competition within a group. Studies of species for which cooperative behaviour is not entirely based on kinship are key for understanding the benefits favouring the evolution and maintenance of cooperative breeding among nonrelatives. In the cooperatively breeding chestnut-crested yuhina, Yuhina everetti, a songbird endemic to Borneo, we tested whether unrelated helpers are more likely to gain parentage than are related helpers consistent with the hypothesis that inbreeding risk constrains reproduction by related helpers. We also examined whether related or unrelated helpers provision broods more because of differences in their potential indirect or direct fitness benefits of helping. Kin structure of breeding groups (breeding pair and up to eight helpers of both sexes, median = 2 helpers, 96% of 57 pairs had helpers) based on genetic analysis was mixed; 48% of 76 breeder/helper dyads were first-order (26%) or second-order (22%) relatives of one or both members of the breeding pair, and 52% were nonrelatives. Only unrelated male and female helpers gained parentage, and helpers did not differ in their provisioning rate according to their relatedness to the broods. We documented quasi-parasitism or co-breeding by female helpers in 14% of 29 broods and extrapair paternity by male helpers in 21% of 47 broods. This rate of extrapair paternity is relatively high among the few tropical species examined but fit with predictions for mixed-kin groups where inbreeding is avoided. These findings support the emerging pattern for cooperative breeding in birds with mixed-kin groups, wherein unrelated helpers are more likely to gain parentage than are related helpers and helping effort is not necessarily predicted by kinship.
The purpose of this study was to determine the elevation dynamics of a created tidal marsh on the North Carolina coast. Deep rod surface elevation tables (RSET) and feldspar marker horizons (MH) were installed in plots to measure net surface elevation changes and to quantify contributing processes. Twelve total plots were placed on four elevation gradient transects (three transects within the created marsh and one within a reference marsh) with three plots along each transect. Elevation gradient transects included a low marsh plot dominated by Spartina alterniflora, a middle marsh plot dominated by Juncus roemerianus, and a high marsh plot dominated by Spartina patens. RSET and MH measurements were taken in December 2012, January 2014, April 2017, and March 2018. Elevation change ranged from 0.7 to 4.0 mm yr-1 within the created marsh and -0.6 to 2.1 mm yr-1 within the reference marsh. When compared to the long-term linear trend in local relative sea level rise (RSLR) of 3.10 +/- 0.35 mm yr-1, the middle marsh plots within the created marsh trended toward survival with an observed elevation increase of 3.1 +/- 0.2 mm yr-1. Alternatively, the low and high marsh plots within the created marsh trended towards submergence with observed elevation increases of 2.1+/- 0.2 and 1.3 +/- 0.2 mm yr-1, respectively. These results indicate that a created marsh can display elevation dynamics similar to natural marshes. Surface elevation changes were observed over a short time period and in a relatively young marsh, so it is uncertain if these trends will continue or how the longer-term relationship with RSLR will develop. While this study provided the initial data on the ability of created tidal marshes to respond to observed sea-level rise, long-term observations will be continued to evaluate long-term elevation dynamics.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Agricultural and Bioloogical Engineers","doi":"10.13031/trans.13438","usgsCitation":"Kamrath, B.J., Burchell, M.R., Cormier, N., Krauss, K.W., and Johnson, D., 2019, The potential resiliency of a created tidal marsh to sea-level rise: Transactions of the ASABE, v. 62, no. 6, p. 1567-1577, https://doi.org/10.13031/trans.13438.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"1567","endPage":"1577","ipdsId":"IP-106892","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":459283,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.13031/trans.13438","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":370307,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -78.6566162109375,\n 34.00713506435885\n ],\n [\n -78.541259765625,\n 33.8339199536547\n ],\n [\n -77.95898437499999,\n 33.829356907739296\n ],\n [\n -77.54150390625,\n 34.415973384481866\n ],\n [\n -76.95373535156249,\n 34.67839374011646\n ],\n [\n -76.5252685546875,\n 34.57895241036948\n ],\n [\n -75.9814453125,\n 35.06147690849717\n ],\n [\n -75.4705810546875,\n 35.200744801724014\n ],\n [\n -75.4376220703125,\n 35.67068501330236\n ],\n [\n -75.76171875,\n 36.35495110643483\n ],\n [\n -75.8331298828125,\n 36.575835338491764\n ],\n [\n -77.0361328125,\n 36.56260003738545\n ],\n [\n -77.45361328125,\n 35.496456056584165\n ],\n [\n -78.6566162109375,\n 34.00713506435885\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"62","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kamrath, Brock J. 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The El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is the dominant mode of precipitation variability in the tropics and causes severe flooding and drought in many socioeconomically vulnerable regions. It remains unclear how tropical rainfall extremes and ENSO are changing in response to anthropogenic forcing, demanding that we investigate the relationships between precipitation, ENSO, and external forcing in the past. Lake sediment records have provided benchmark records of extreme flood events from the eastern tropical Pacific, where paleofloods have been interpreted to reflect El Niño events during the last millennium. However, the connections between flooding and ENSO variability in this region are uncertain, and the eastern Pacific can only capture precipitation events driven by El Niño, not La Niña. Thus, it is unclear how the ENSO system and tropical rainfall extremes have changed in the recent past. Here, we reconstruct flood events during the past millennium using a lake sediment record from East Java, Indonesia, which can provide insight into flooding driven by La Niña. We detect flood frequency variations in the western tropical Pacific that are highly coherent with records from the eastern part of the basin over the past millennium. Our findings demonstrate that heavy rainfall and flooding occurs more frequently on both sides of the tropical Pacific during periods of warmer Northern Hemisphere mean temperatures, implying that ENSO-driven rainfall extremes could intensify in the near future.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.quascirev.2019.106020","usgsCitation":"Rodysill, J., Russell, J.M., Vuille, M., Dee, S., Lunghino, B., and Bijaksana, S., 2019, La Niña-driven flooding in the Indo-Pacific warm pool during the past millennium: Quaternary Science Reviews, v. 225, 106020, 11 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2019.106020.","productDescription":"106020, 11 p.","ipdsId":"IP-102683","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":459292,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2019.106020","text":"Publisher Index 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PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rodysill, Jessica 0000-0002-3602-7227","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3602-7227","contributorId":215394,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rodysill","given":"Jessica","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":780114,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Russell, James M.","contributorId":174740,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Russell","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":27506,"text":"Department of Earth, Environmental and Planetary Sciences, Brown University, Providence RI 02912 USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":780115,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Vuille, Mathias","contributorId":147457,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vuille","given":"Mathias","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":780116,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dee, Sylvia 0000-0002-2140-785X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2140-785X","contributorId":221750,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dee","given":"Sylvia","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":40413,"text":"Department of Earth, Environmental, and Planetary Sciences, Rice University, Houston, TX","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":780117,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lunghino, Brent D.","contributorId":181566,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lunghino","given":"Brent D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":780118,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bijaksana, Satria 0000-0001-6374-4128","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6374-4128","contributorId":221751,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bijaksana","given":"Satria","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":40414,"text":"Faculty of Mining and Petroleum Engineering, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung, Jawa Barat","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":780119,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70206428,"text":"70206428 - 2019 - The LArge-n Seismic Survey in Oklahoma (LASSO) experiment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-11-05T06:31:22","indexId":"70206428","displayToPublicDate":"2019-10-31T12:01:46","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3372,"text":"Seismological Research Letters","onlineIssn":"1938-2057","printIssn":"0895-0695","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The LArge-n Seismic Survey in Oklahoma (LASSO) experiment","docAbstract":"In 2016, the U.S. Geological Survey deployed more than 1,800 vertical-component nodal seismometers in Grant County, Oklahoma to study induced seismic activity associated with production of the Mississippi Limestone Play. The LArge-n Seismic Survey in Oklahoma (LASSO) array operated for approximately one month, covering a 25-km-by-32-km region with a nominal station spacing of ~400 m. Primary goals of the deployment were to detect microseismic events not captured by the sparser regional network stations and to provide nearly unaliased records of the seismic wavefield. A more complete record of earthquakes allows us to map the spatiotemporal evolution of induced event sequences and illuminates the structures on which the events occur. Dense records of the seismic wavefield also provide improved measurements of the earthquake source, including focal mechanisms and stress drops. Taken together, we can use these findings to glean insights into the processes that induce earthquakes. Here, we describe the array layout, features of the nodal sensors, data recording configurations, and the field deployment. We also provide examples of earthquake waveforms recorded by the array to illustrate data quality and initial observations. LASSO array data provide a significant resource for understanding the occurrence of earthquakes induced by wastewater disposal.","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0220190094","usgsCitation":"Dougherty, S., Cochran, E.S., and Harrington, R.M., 2019, The LArge-n Seismic Survey in Oklahoma (LASSO) experiment: Seismological Research Letters, v. 90, no. 5, p. 2015-2057, https://doi.org/10.1785/0220190094.","productDescription":"43 p.","startPage":"2015","endPage":"2057","ipdsId":"IP-106311","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":368924,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Kansas, Oklahoma","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -98.074951171875,\n 36.756490329505176\n ],\n [\n -97.6904296875,\n 36.756490329505176\n ],\n [\n -97.6904296875,\n 37.020098201368114\n ],\n [\n -98.074951171875,\n 37.020098201368114\n ],\n [\n -98.074951171875,\n 36.756490329505176\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"90","issue":"5","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-08-07","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dougherty, S.","contributorId":220221,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dougherty","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13711,"text":"Caltech","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":774509,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cochran, Elizabeth S. 0000-0003-2485-4484 ecochran@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2485-4484","contributorId":2025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cochran","given":"Elizabeth","email":"ecochran@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":774508,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Harrington, R. 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Ongoing genetic surveillance has revealed stable host-parasite relationships throughout the parasite's endemic range. We applied Bayesian phylogenetics to test specific hypotheses about the evolution of these host-parasite relationships within the well-studied Klamath River watershed in Oregon and California, USA. The results provide statistical support that different genotypes of C. shasta are distinct lineages of one species, which is related to two other Ceratonova species in the same ecosystems; Ceratonova X in speckled dace and C. gasterostea in threespine stickleback. Furthermore, we found strong support for the hypothesis that C. shasta type 0 in native steelhead trout and type I in Chinook salmon each evolved with a specialist host adaptation strategy, while C. shasta type II in coho salmon resulted from a generalist host adaptation strategy. Inferred date and host species of the most recent common ancestor of extant Klamath basin types indicate that it occurred between 14,000 and 21,000 years ago, and most likely infected a native steelhead or rainbow trout host.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.meegid.2019.104081","usgsCitation":"Breyta, R.B., Atkinson, S., and Bartholomew, J.L., 2019, Evolutionary dynamics of Ceratonova species (Cnidaria: Myxozoa) reveal different host adaptation strategies: Infection, Genetics and Evolution, v. 78, 104081, 10 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.meegid.2019.104081.","productDescription":"104081, 10 p.","ipdsId":"IP-105147","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":373161,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Oregon ","otherGeospatial":"Klamath River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -124.31030273437499,\n 41.12074559016745\n ],\n [\n -119.981689453125,\n 41.12074559016745\n ],\n [\n -119.981689453125,\n 42.779275360241904\n ],\n [\n -124.31030273437499,\n 42.779275360241904\n ],\n [\n -124.31030273437499,\n 41.12074559016745\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"78","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Breyta, Rachel B. 0000-0002-9106-1014","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9106-1014","contributorId":213372,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Breyta","given":"Rachel","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":784607,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Atkinson, Stephen D","contributorId":223225,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Atkinson","given":"Stephen D","affiliations":[{"id":40688,"text":"Department of Microbiology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":784608,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bartholomew, Jerri L","contributorId":148960,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bartholomew","given":"Jerri","email":"","middleInitial":"L","affiliations":[{"id":17604,"text":"Dept. of Microbiology, OSU, 220 Nash Hall, 2820 Southwest Campus Way, Corvallis, OR 97331","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":784609,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70208123,"text":"70208123 - 2019 - Precision mapping of snail habitat provides a powerful indicator of human schistosomiasis transmission","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-28T15:53:48","indexId":"70208123","displayToPublicDate":"2019-10-29T15:45:06","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2982,"text":"PNAS","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Precision mapping of snail habitat provides a powerful indicator of human schistosomiasis transmission","docAbstract":"Recently, the World Health Organization recognized that efforts to interrupt schistosomiasis transmission through mass drug administration have been ineffective in some regions; one of their new recommended strategies for global schistosomiasis control emphasizes targeting the freshwater snails that transmit schistosome parasites. We sought to identify robust indicators that would enable precision targeting of these snails. At the site of the world’s largest recorded schistosomiasis epidemic—the Lower Senegal River Basin in Senegal—intensive sampling revealed positive relationships between intermediate host snails (abundance, density, and prevalence) and human urogenital schistosomiasis reinfection (prevalence and intensity in schoolchildren after drug administration). However, we also found that snail distributions were so patchy in space and time that obtaining useful data required effort that exceeds what is feasible in standard monitoring and control campaigns. Instead, we identified several environmental proxies that were more effective than snail variables for predicting human infection: the area covered by suitable snail habitat (i.e., floating, nonemergent vegetation), the percent cover by suitable snail habitat, and size of the water contact area. Unlike snail surveys, which require hundreds of person-hours per site to conduct, habitat coverage and site area can be quickly estimated with drone or satellite imagery. This, in turn, makes possible large-scale, high-resolution estimation of human urogenital schistosomiasis risk to support targeting of both mass drug administration and snail control efforts.","language":"English","publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","doi":"10.1073/pnas.1903698116","usgsCitation":"Wood, C.L., Sokolow, S.H., Jones, I.J., Chamberlin, A.J., Lafferty, K.D., Kuris, A.M., Jocque, M.M., Hopkins, S.R., Adams, G., Buck, J.C., Lund, A.J., Garcia-Vedrenne, A.E., Fiorenza, E., Rohr, J.R., Allan, F., Webster, B., Rabone, M., Webster, J.P., Bandagny, L., Ndione, R., Senghor, S., Schacht, A., Jouanard, N., Riveau, G., and De Leo, G.A., 2019, Precision mapping of snail habitat provides a powerful indicator of human schistosomiasis transmission: PNAS, v. 449, no. 787, p. 23182-23191, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1903698116.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"23182","endPage":"23191","ipdsId":"IP-110821","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":459332,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1903698116","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":371660,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Senegal","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -16.36688232421875,\n 15.786967677939279\n ],\n [\n -15.542907714843748,\n 15.786967677939279\n ],\n [\n -15.542907714843748,\n 16.549328935473294\n ],\n [\n -16.36688232421875,\n 16.549328935473294\n ],\n [\n -16.36688232421875,\n 15.786967677939279\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"449","issue":"787","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-10-28","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wood, Chelsea L.","contributorId":192504,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wood","given":"Chelsea","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":780581,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sokolow, Susanne H.","contributorId":52503,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sokolow","given":"Susanne","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":6986,"text":"Stanford University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":780582,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jones, Isabel J.","contributorId":173135,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jones","given":"Isabel","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":6986,"text":"Stanford University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":780584,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Chamberlin, Andrew J","contributorId":221866,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chamberlin","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"J","affiliations":[{"id":40446,"text":"Hopkins Marine Station, Stanford University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":780583,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lafferty, Kevin D. 0000-0001-7583-4593 klafferty@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7583-4593","contributorId":1415,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lafferty","given":"Kevin","email":"klafferty@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":780580,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kuris, Armand M.","contributorId":189859,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kuris","given":"Armand","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":780585,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Jocque, Merlijn M. 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seabird","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-25T14:21:45.013504","indexId":"70227655","displayToPublicDate":"2019-10-28T08:16:16","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2792,"text":"Movement Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Tropical cyclones alter short-term activity patterns of a coastal seabird","docAbstract":"Mobile organisms in marine environments are expected to modify their behavior in response to external stressors. Among environmental drivers of animal movement are long-term climatic indices influencing organism distribution and short-term meteorological events anticipated to alter acute movement behavior. However, few studies exist documenting the response of vagile species to meteorological anomalies in coastal and marine systems.
Here we examined the movements of Eastern brown pelicans (Pelecanus occidentalis carolinensis) in the South Atlantic Bight in response to the passage of three separate hurricane events in 2 years. Pelicans (n = 32) were tracked with GPS satellite transmitters from four colonies in coastal South Carolina, USA, for the entirety of at least one storm event. An Expectation Maximization binary Clustering algorithm was used to discretize pelican behavioral states, which were pooled into ‘active’ versus ‘inactive’ states. Multinomial logistic regression was used to assess behavioral state probabilities in relation to changes in barometric pressure and wind velocity.
Individual pelicans were more likely to remain inactive during tropical cyclone passage compared to baseline conditions generally, although responses varied by hurricane. When inactive, pelicans tended to seek shelter using local geomorphological features along the coastline such as barrier islands and estuarine systems.
Our telemetry data showed that large subtropical seabirds such as pelicans may mitigate risk associated with spatially-extensive meteorological events by decreasing daily movements. Sheltering may be related to changes in barometric pressure and wind velocity, and represents a strategy common to several other classes of marine vertebrate predators for increasing survival probabilities.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Nature","doi":"10.1186/s40462-019-0178-0","usgsCitation":"Wilkinson, B.P., Satge, Y.G., Lamb, J.S., and Jodice, P.G., 2019, Tropical cyclones alter short-term activity patterns of a coastal seabird: Movement Ecology, v. 7, 30, 11 p., https://doi.org/10.1186/s40462-019-0178-0.","productDescription":"30, 11 p.","ipdsId":"IP-108429","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":459342,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40462-019-0178-0","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":437290,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9D5IP0G","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Movement ecology of Brown Pelican in the South Atlantic Bight, 2017-2019"},{"id":394817,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, South Carolina","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -84.5947265625,\n 25.839449402063185\n ],\n [\n -75.6298828125,\n 25.839449402063185\n ],\n [\n -75.6298828125,\n 35.88905007936091\n ],\n [\n -84.5947265625,\n 35.88905007936091\n ],\n [\n -84.5947265625,\n 25.839449402063185\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-10-28","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wilkinson, B. P.","contributorId":272128,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wilkinson","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":7084,"text":"Clemson University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":831568,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Satge, Y. G.","contributorId":272129,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Satge","given":"Y.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":7084,"text":"Clemson University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":831569,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lamb, J. S.","contributorId":272130,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lamb","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":6922,"text":"University of Rhode Island","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":831570,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jodice, Patrick G.R. 0000-0001-8716-120X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8716-120X","contributorId":219852,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jodice","given":"Patrick","middleInitial":"G.R.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":831571,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70249745,"text":"70249745 - 2019 - Gray Wolf (Canis lupus) recolonization failure: A Minnesota case study","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-26T12:01:39.569227","indexId":"70249745","displayToPublicDate":"2019-10-26T06:59:38","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1163,"text":"Canadian Field-Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Gray Wolf (Canis lupus) recolonization failure: A Minnesota case study","docAbstract":"During the past few decades, Gray Wolves (Canis lupus) have recolonized many areas in the United States and Europe. In many other cases, however, although dispersing wolves reached areas with adequate prey, a population failed to recolonize. Herein, we provide a case study detailing how a wolf pack attempted for three years to recolonize an area 55 km from a long-established population and within 25 km of Minneapolis and St. Paul, Minnesota, but failed. The pack produced three litters of pups and at one time included 11–19 members, but it preyed on livestock and dogs and, consequently, was lethally removed. The history of this pack’s attempt to recolonize an area long devoid of wolves exemplifies the issues that have prevented earlier recolonizations in non-wild lands in Minnesota and elsewhere and that promise to do so well into the future.
","language":"English","publisher":"Canadian Field Naturalist","doi":"10.22621/cfn.v133i1.2078","usgsCitation":"Mech, L.D., Isbell, F., Krueger, J., and Harte, J., 2019, Gray Wolf (Canis lupus) recolonization failure: A Minnesota case study: Canadian Field-Naturalist, v. 133, no. 1, p. 60-65, https://doi.org/10.22621/cfn.v133i1.2078.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"60","endPage":"65","ipdsId":"IP-097077","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":459347,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.22621/cfn.v133i1.2078","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":422130,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -93.55108704918295,\n 45.59799908487187\n ],\n [\n -93.55108704918295,\n 45.1736208958682\n ],\n [\n -93.02374329918297,\n 45.1736208958682\n ],\n [\n -93.02374329918297,\n 45.59799908487187\n ],\n [\n -93.55108704918295,\n 45.59799908487187\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"133","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mech, L. David 0000-0003-3944-7769 david_mech@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3944-7769","contributorId":2518,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mech","given":"L.","email":"david_mech@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"David","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":886916,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Isbell, Forest","contributorId":271280,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Isbell","given":"Forest","affiliations":[{"id":6626,"text":"University of Minnesota","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":886917,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Krueger, Jim","contributorId":331205,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Krueger","given":"Jim","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6626,"text":"University of Minnesota","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":886918,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Harte, John","contributorId":316428,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Harte","given":"John","affiliations":[{"id":36942,"text":"University of California, Berkeley","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":886919,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ]}