Summer steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) produced by a hatchery on the lower Cowlitz River, Washington, support a popular sport fishery during June–September each year. Many of these fish return to the Cowlitz Salmon Hatchery and are held until they are spawned in December. In the past, fishery managers have released some of the steelhead that return to the hatchery at downstream release sites (hereafter referred to as “recycled steelhead”) to increase angling opportunity. The recycling of summer steelhead is a potential use of hatchery fish that can benefit anglers in the lower Cowlitz River, provided these fish are harvested or return to the hatchery. However, recycled steelhead that are not removed from the river could compete against or spawn with wild winter steelhead, which would be a negative consequence of recycling. The Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife (WDFW) conducted an evaluation during 1998 and recycled 632 summer steelhead. They determined that 55 percent of the recycled steelhead returned to the hatchery and 15 percent of the fish were harvested by anglers. The remaining 30 percent of recycled fish were not known to have been removed from the river. Recycling has not occurred in recent years because definitive studies have not been conducted to determine the fate of the fish that remain in the lower Cowlitz River after being recycled.
\nThe U.S. Geological Survey and WDFW conducted a 2-year study during 2012–2014 to quantify recycled steelhead that (1) returned to the hatchery, (2) were captured by anglers, or (3) remained in the river. All recycled steelhead were marked with a Floy® tag and opercle punch, and 20 percent of the recycled fish were radio-tagged to determine post-release behavior and movement patterns, and to describe locations of tagged fish that remained in the river during the spawning period. During 2012–2013, we recycled 549 steelhead and determined that 50 percent of the fish returned to the hatchery, 18 percent of the fish were harvested by anglers, and 32 percent of the fish were not known to have been removed from the river. During October–December 2012, only 9 percent of the radio-tagged steelhead remained in the lower Cowlitz River and none of these fish entered tributaries monitored by fixed-telemetry sites.
\nThe second year of the evaluation was conducted during 2013–2014. A total of 502 steelhead were recycled during June–August and releases were conducted weekly with group sizes that ranged from 30 to 76 fish. Results from 2013–2014 were similar to results from 2012–2013. Fifty percent (251 fish) of the recycled steelhead returned to the hatchery, 20 percent (100 fish) were harvested by anglers, and 30 percent (151 fish) were unaccounted for. The median elapsed time from release to hatchery return was 13 days, and the median elapsed time from release to capture by an angler was 11 days. The percentage of unaccounted-for steelhead in the general population was moderately high (30 percent), but detection records of radio-tagged fish suggest that few recycled steelhead were present in the lower Cowlitz River during the spawning period.
\nA total of 109 steelhead were radio-tagged during 2013–2014, and most of these fish (88 percent) moved upstream following release and entered the Trout Hatchery–Salmon Hatchery reach (river miles 44–51). The median elapsed time from release to reach entry was 4.6 days (range of 0.5–65.5 days). After fish entered this reach, they spent a considerable amount of time near the Cowlitz Trout Hatchery (median residence time of 16.7 hours) or Cowlitz Salmon Hatchery (median residence time of 146.3 hours), or they moved back and forth between these two sites. Thirty radio-tagged steelhead made at least two trips between the sites and some fish made as many as seven trips. Detection records showed that 61 percent (66 fish) of the radio-tagged fish returned to the hatchery reach and 21 percent (23 fish) of the fish were captured by anglers. The remaining 18 percent (20 fish) of the radio-tagged fish had various fates. One fish (less than 1 percent) left the Cowlitz River and nine fish (8 percent) died, were harvested, or spit their transmitter near boat launches in the river. The remaining 10 fish (9 percent) had the potential to interact with winter steelhead. Four tagged steelhead (4 percent) entered lower Cowlitz River tributaries (two fish in the Toutle River; two fish in Salmon Creek) during October and November, and five tagged fish (5 percent) were last detected in the lower Cowlitz River in October. One fish (less than 1 percent) was never detected after being released.
\nWe measured the diameter of opercle punches in recycled steelhead to determine the temporal effectiveness of these marks. A total of 116 opercle punches were measured—36 were measured at the time of tagging and 80 were measured when fish returned to the hatchery. Opercle punches remained open for less than 1 month. None of the fish that returned to the hatchery more than 30 days after release had opercle punches that were open. All recycled steelhead were marked with a Floy® tag and opercle punch. However, if a steelhead lost its Floy® tag and was captured by an angler, or returned to the hatchery more than 30 days after being recycled, it likely would not have been accurately identified as having been recycled because of regrowth of the opercle punch.
\nDuring 2013–2014, at least 70 percent of the recycled steelhead were removed from the lower Cowlitz River by anglers, returned to the hatchery, or left the river. Radiotelemetry data indicated that a maximum of 9 percent of the radio-tagged fish remained in the lower Cowlitz River during the spawning period and only 4 percent of the radio-tagged fish entered tributaries where wild steelhead are known to spawn. These results are consistent with findings from previous studies. Overall, results from these studies suggest that about one-third of the recycled steelhead were not known to have been removed from the river. However, the radiotelemetry data indicated that only about 10 percent of the recycled steelhead were present in the lower Cowlitz River during late autumn and early winter, and few of those fish (0 in 2012–2013 and 4 in 2013–2014) entered tributaries where winter steelhead spawn. These results have management implications in the lower Cowlitz River where the risks and rewards of steelhead recycling will be weighed to determine the future of the recycling program.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141122","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife","usgsCitation":"Kock, T.J., Liedtke, T.L., Ekstrom, B.K., Gleizes, C., and Dammers, W., 2014, Evaluation of the behavior and movement of adult summer steelhead in the lower Cowlitz River, Washington, following collection and release, 2013-2014: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1122, iv, 20 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141122.","productDescription":"iv, 20 p.","numberOfPages":"29","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-056741","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":288976,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141122.jpg"},{"id":288974,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1122/"},{"id":288975,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1122/pdf/ofr2014-1122.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washinton","otherGeospatial":"Lower Cowlitz River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -123.0997,46.0492 ], [ -123.0997,46.6486 ], [ -122.3416,46.6486 ], [ -122.3416,46.0492 ], [ -123.0997,46.0492 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53ae76ade4b0abf75cf2bfe3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kock, Tobias J. 0000-0001-8976-0230 tkock@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8976-0230","contributorId":3038,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kock","given":"Tobias","email":"tkock@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":494861,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Liedtke, Theresa L. 0000-0001-6063-9867 tliedtke@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6063-9867","contributorId":2999,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liedtke","given":"Theresa","email":"tliedtke@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":494860,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ekstrom, Brian K. 0000-0002-1162-1780 bekstrom@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1162-1780","contributorId":3704,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ekstrom","given":"Brian","email":"bekstrom@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":494862,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gleizes, Chris","contributorId":37233,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gleizes","given":"Chris","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494863,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Dammers, Wolf","contributorId":79385,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dammers","given":"Wolf","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494864,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70098933,"text":"ofr20141061 - 2014 - Particle-tracking investigation of the retention of sucker larvae emerging from spawning grounds in Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-19T13:11:03","indexId":"ofr20141061","displayToPublicDate":"2014-06-19T12:56:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1061","title":"Particle-tracking investigation of the retention of sucker larvae emerging from spawning grounds in Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon","docAbstract":"This study had two objectives: (1) to use the results of an individual-based particle-tracking model of larval sucker dispersal through the Williamson River delta and Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon, to interpret field data collected throughout Upper Klamath and Agency Lakes, and (2) to use the model to investigate the retention of sucker larvae in the system as a function of Williamson River flow, wind, and lake elevation. This is a follow-up study to work reported in Wood and others (2014) in which the hydrodynamic model of Upper Klamath Lake was combined with an individual-based, particle-tracking model of larval fish entering the lake from spawning areas in the Williamson River. In the previous study, the performance of the model was evaluated through comparison with field data comprising larval sucker distribution collected in 2009 by The Nature Conservancy, Oregon State University (OSU), and the U.S. Geological Survey, primarily from the (at that time) recently reconnected Williamson River Delta and along the eastern shoreline of Upper Klamath Lake, surrounding the old river mouth. The previous study demonstrated that the validation of the model with field data was moderately successful and that the model was useful for describing the broad patterns of larval dispersal from the river, at least in the areas surrounding the river channel immediately downstream of the spawning areas and along the shoreline where larvae enter the lake.
\nIn this study, field data collected by OSU throughout the main body of Upper Klamath Lake, and not just around the Williamson River Delta, were compared to model simulation results. Because the field data were collected throughout the lake, it was necessary to include in the simulations larvae spawned at eastern shoreline springs that were not included in the earlier studies. A complicating factor was that the OSU collected data throughout the main body of the lake in 2011 and 2012, after the end of several years of larval drift collection in the Williamson River by the U.S. Geological Survey. Those larval drift data provided necessary boundary-condition information for the earlier studies, but there were no measured boundary conditions for larval input into model simulations during the years of this study (2011−12). Therefore, we developed a method to estimate a time series of larval drift in the Williamson River, and of the emergence of larvae from the gravel at the eastern shoreline springs, that captured the approximate timing of the larval pulse of the Lost River sucker (Deltistes luxatus) and shortnose sucker (Chasmistes brevirostris) and the relative magnitude of the pulses by species and spawning location. The method is not able to predict larval drift on any given day, but it can reasonably predict the approximate temporal progression of the larval drift through the season, based on counts of adult suckers returning to spawn. The accuracy in the timing of the larval pulses is not better than about plus or minus 5 days.
\nModel results and field data were consistent in the basic progression of both catch per unit effort (CPUE) and larval length through time. The model simulation results also duplicated some of the characteristics of the spatial patterns of density in the field data, notably the tendency for high larval densities closer to the eastern and western shorelines. However, the model simulations could not explain high densities in the northern part of the lake or far into Ball Bay, locations that are far from the source of larvae in the Williamson River or eastern shoreline springs (as measured along the predominant transport pathways simulated in the model). This suggests the possibility of unaccounted-for spawning areas in the northern part of the lake and also that the period during which larvae are transported passively by the currents is shorter than the 46 days simulated in the model. Similarly, the progression of larval lengths in the field data is not a simple progression from smaller to larger fish away from sources in the river and springs, as simulated by the particle-tracking model; the smallest fish were caught at different times near the Williamson River, in the northwestern part of the lake, and in the southernmost part of the lake. This again suggests that fish may be spawning at places other than the river and eastern springs, that our understanding of larval transport is incomplete, or both.
\nThe model was used to run 96 numerical “experiments” in which lake elevation, river discharge, and wind forcing were varied systematically in order to investigate the sensitivity of particle retention to each variable, and with particular emphasis on the idea of managing lake elevation to control emigration. The estimates of particle retention cannot be equated directly to retention of fish larvae, primarily because there was no mortality included in the simulations, but the relative comparison of retention and emigration around the matrix of experimental conditions provided several “big picture” results:
\n - Variables that cannot be controlled—winds and discharge—had the largest effect on retention. For example, at the lowest river discharge (20 cubic meters per second), simulated retention was high regardless of wind or lake elevation, whereas at the highest river discharge (100 cubic meters per second), retention was low regardless of wind or lake elevation.
\n - When river discharge and wind were held constant, a higher elevation delayed the onset of the most rapid exit of particles by 1 (from the springs) to 4 (from the river) days, but did not determine overall retention. Only under the combination of conditions consisting of low discharge (50 cubic meters per second or less) and strong wind reversals for several days was there a consistent effect of lake elevation on overall retention several weeks into the simulation, and, under those conditions, retention was at the high end of the possible range regardless of lake elevation.
\n - Under most combinations of conditions tested, after particles had been in the system for several days, the complex interaction between wind, elevation, and river discharge resulted in particle pathways, and therefore retention, being highly variable and unpredictable, at which point controlling lake elevation could not produce a predictable result. Therefore, on the basis of the model predictions, managing lake elevation probably is not a way to reliably provide any particular level of retention.
This report presents fourteen storage assessment units (SAUs) from the Alaska North Slope and two SAUs from the Kandik Basin of Alaska. The Alaska North Slope is a broad, north-dipping coastal plain that is underlain by a thick succession of sedimentary rocks that accumulated steadily throughout much of the Phanerozoic during three major tectonic sequences: the Mississippian through Triassic Ellesmerian sequence, the Jurassic through Lower Cretaceous Beaufortian sequence, and the Cretaceous and Tertiary Brookian sequence. Stratigraphic packages associated with all three of these tectonic sequences are suited to geologic carbon dioxide (CO2) sequestration. The lower part of the Ellesmerian sequence contains five potential SAUs, two of which have reservoirs within the Endicott Group and three of which have reservoirs within the Lisburne Group. Another potential SAU has sandstone-prone reservoir units interbedded with the upper part of the Ellesmerian Shublik Formation and the Beaufortian Kingak Shale. The Brookian sequence contains eight potential SAUs that have reservoirs that are defined by the various Cretaceous and Tertiary deltaic topset strata of the Colville foreland basin as well as associated slope aprons and submarine turbidite fan complexes.
\nIn east-central Alaska, Kandik Basin is an extension of cratonic North America and straddles the border between Alaska and Canada. The basin contains a section of Neoproterozoic to Mesozoic rocks, which have been multiply deformed during the Phanerozoic. Paleozoic strata within the basin appear to be suited to geologic CO2 sequestration. We defined two SAUs within this interval, which are the Upper Devonian and Mississippian Nation River Formation SAU and the Lower Permian to Lower Cretaceous Step Conglomerate and Tahkandit Limestone SAU.
\nFor each SAU in both of the basins, we discuss the areal distribution of suitable CO2 sequestration reservoir rock. We also characterize the overlying sealing unit and describe the geologic characteristics that influence the potential CO2 storage volume and reservoir performance. These characteristics include reservoir depth, gross thickness, net thickness, porosity, permeability, and groundwater salinity. Case-by-case strategies for estimating the pore volume existing within structurally and (or) stratigraphically closed traps are presented. Although assessment results are not contained in this report, the geologic information included herein was employed to calculate the potential storage volume in the various SAUs. Lastly, in this report, we present the rationale for not conducting assessment work in fifteen sedimentary basins distributed across the Alaskan interior and within Alaskan State waters.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geologic framework for the national assessment of carbon dioxide storage resources (Open-File Report 2012-1024)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121024I","usgsCitation":"Craddock, W.H., Buursink, M.L., Covault, J.A., Brennan, S.T., Doolan, C., Drake, R.M., Merrill, M., Roberts-Ashby, T., Slucher, E.R., Warwick, P.D., Blondes, M., Freeman, P., Cahan, S.M., DeVera, C.A., and Lohr, C., 2014, Geologic framework for the national assessment of carbon dioxide storage resources: Alaska North Slope and Kandik Basin, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1024, Report: vii, 60 p.; Date Download Files, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121024I.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 60 p.; Date Download 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A.","contributorId":35951,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Covault","given":"Jacob","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492534,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brennan, Sean T. 0000-0002-7102-9359 sbrennan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7102-9359","contributorId":559,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brennan","given":"Sean","email":"sbrennan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":492523,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Doolan, Colin A. 0000-0002-7595-7566","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7595-7566","contributorId":26221,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doolan","given":"Colin A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492533,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Drake, Ronald M. II 0000-0002-1770-4667 rmdrake@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1770-4667","contributorId":1353,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drake","given":"Ronald","suffix":"II","email":"rmdrake@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":492525,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Merrill, Matthew D. 0000-0003-3766-847X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3766-847X","contributorId":48256,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Merrill","given":"Matthew D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492535,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Roberts-Ashby, Tina L. 0000-0003-2940-1740","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2940-1740","contributorId":62103,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roberts-Ashby","given":"Tina L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492536,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Slucher, Ernie R. 0000-0002-5865-5734 eslucher@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5865-5734","contributorId":3966,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Slucher","given":"Ernie","email":"eslucher@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":492532,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Warwick, Peter D. 0000-0002-3152-7783 pwarwick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3152-7783","contributorId":762,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warwick","given":"Peter","email":"pwarwick@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":492524,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Blondes, Madalyn S. 0000-0003-0320-0107 mblondes@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0320-0107","contributorId":3598,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blondes","given":"Madalyn S.","email":"mblondes@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":492529,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Freeman, P.A. 0000-0002-0863-7431 pfreeman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0863-7431","contributorId":3154,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Freeman","given":"P.A.","email":"pfreeman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":492526,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Cahan, Steven M. 0000-0002-4776-3668 scahan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4776-3668","contributorId":4529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cahan","given":"Steven","email":"scahan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":492537,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"DeVera, Christina A. 0000-0002-4691-6108 cdevera@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4691-6108","contributorId":3845,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeVera","given":"Christina","email":"cdevera@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":492530,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Lohr, Celeste D. 0000-0001-6287-9047 clohr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6287-9047","contributorId":3866,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lohr","given":"Celeste D.","email":"clohr@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":492531,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15}]}} ,{"id":70110751,"text":"ofr20141107 - 2014 - National Land Imaging Requirements (NLIR) Pilot Project summary report: Summary of moderate resolution imaging user requirements","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-06-05T12:08:01.026438","indexId":"ofr20141107","displayToPublicDate":"2014-06-10T14:58:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1107","title":"National Land Imaging Requirements (NLIR) Pilot Project summary report: Summary of moderate resolution imaging user requirements","docAbstract":"Under the National Land Imaging Requirements (NLIR) Project, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) is developing a functional capability to obtain, characterize, manage, maintain and prioritize all Earth observing (EO) land remote sensing user requirements. The goal is a better understanding of community needs that can be supported with land remote sensing resources, and a means to match needs with appropriate solutions in an effective and efficient way.
The NLIR Project is composed of two components. The first component is focused on the development of the Earth Observation Requirements Evaluation System (EORES) to capture, store and analyze user requirements, whereas, the second component is the mechanism and processes to elicit and document the user requirements that will populate the EORES.
To develop the second component, the requirements elicitation methodology was exercised and refined through a pilot project conducted from June to September 2013. The pilot project focused specifically on applications and user requirements for moderate resolution imagery (5–120 meter resolution) as the test case for requirements development.
The purpose of this summary report is to provide a high-level overview of the requirements elicitation process that was exercised through the pilot project and an early analysis of the moderate resolution imaging user requirements acquired to date to support ongoing USGS sustainable land imaging study needs.
The pilot project engaged a limited set of Federal Government users from the operational and research communities and therefore the information captured represents only a subset of all land imaging user requirements. However, based on a comparison of results, trends, and analysis, the pilot captured a strong baseline of typical applications areas and user needs for moderate resolution imagery.
Because these results are preliminary and represent only a sample of users and application areas, the information from this report should only be used to indicate general user needs for the applications covered. Users of the information are cautioned that use of specific numeric results may be inappropriate without additional research. Any information used or cited from this report should specifically be cited as preliminary findings.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141107","usgsCitation":"Vadnais, C., and Stensaas, G.L., 2014, National Land Imaging Requirements (NLIR) Pilot Project summary report: Summary of moderate resolution imaging user requirements: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1107, vi, 46 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141107.","productDescription":"vi, 46 p.","numberOfPages":"52","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-054641","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":288212,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1107/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":288213,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1107/pdf/ofr2014-1107.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":375352,"rank":3,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1107/images/coverthb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53981ad5e4b09e5ae91f9dae","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vadnais, Carolyn","contributorId":21069,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vadnais","given":"Carolyn","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494140,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stensaas, Gregory L. 0000-0001-6679-2416 stensaas@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6679-2416","contributorId":2551,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stensaas","given":"Gregory","email":"stensaas@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":494141,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70107013,"text":"ofr20141089 - 2014 - Landscape consequences of natural gas extraction in Bedford, Blair, Cambria, Centre, Clearfield, Clinton, Columbia, Huntingdon, and Luzerne counties, Pennsylvania, 2004-2010","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-19T18:23:48","indexId":"ofr20141089","displayToPublicDate":"2014-06-10T08:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1089","title":"Landscape consequences of natural gas extraction in Bedford, Blair, Cambria, Centre, Clearfield, Clinton, Columbia, Huntingdon, and Luzerne counties, Pennsylvania, 2004-2010","docAbstract":"Increased demands for cleaner burning energy, coupled with the relatively recent technological advances in accessing unconventional hydrocarbon-rich geologic formations, have led to an intense effort to find and extract natural gas from various underground sources around the country. One of these sources, the Marcellus Shale, located in the Allegheny Plateau, is currently undergoing extensive drilling and production. The technology used to extract gas in the Marcellus Shale is known as hydraulic fracturing and has garnered much attention because of its use of large amounts of fresh water, its use of proprietary fluids for the hydraulic-fracturing process, its potential to release contaminants into the environment, and its potential effect on water resources. Nonetheless, development of natural gas extraction wells in the Marcellus Shale is only part of the overall natural gas story in this area of Pennsylvania. Conventional natural gas wells, which sometimes use the same technique, are commonly located in the same general area as the Marcellus Shale and are frequently developed in clusters across the landscape. The combined effects of these two natural gas extraction methods create potentially serious patterns of disturbance on the landscape. This document quantifies the landscape changes and consequences of natural gas extraction for Bedford, Blair, Cambria, Centre, Clearfield, Clinton, Columbia, Huntingdon, and Luzerne Counties in Pennsylvania between 2004 and 2010. Patterns of landscape disturbance related to natural gas extraction activities were collected and digitized using National Agriculture Imagery Program (NAIP) imagery for 2004, 2005/2006, 2008, and 2010. The disturbance patterns were then used to measure changes in land cover and land use using the National Land Cover Database (NLCD) of 2001. A series of landscape metrics is also used to quantify these changes and is included in this publication. In this region, natural gas development disturbed approximately 943 hectares of land in which forest sustained three times the amount of disturbance as agricultural land. One-quarter of that total disturbance was from Marcellus natural gas development.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141089","usgsCitation":"Slonecker, E., Milheim, L., Roig-Silva, C., and Winters, S., 2014, Landscape consequences of natural gas extraction in Bedford, Blair, Cambria, Centre, Clearfield, Clinton, Columbia, Huntingdon, and Luzerne counties, Pennsylvania, 2004-2010: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1089, v, 49 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141089.","productDescription":"v, 49 p.","numberOfPages":"55","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2004-01-01","temporalEnd":"2010-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-052469","costCenters":[{"id":242,"text":"Eastern Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":288201,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141089.jpg"},{"id":288200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1089/pdf/of2014-1089.pdf","text":"Report","size":"4.30 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":288199,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1089/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Pennsylvania","otherGeospatial":"Bedford County, Blair County, Cambria County, Centre County, Clearfield County, Clinton County, Columbia County, Huntingdon County, Luzerne 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S.G.","contributorId":99898,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winters","given":"S.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493853,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70106999,"text":"ofr20141100 - 2014 - Influences of the Tamarisk Leaf Beetle (Diorhabda carinulata) on the diet of insectivorous birds along the Dolores River in Southwestern Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-25T13:44:11","indexId":"ofr20141100","displayToPublicDate":"2014-06-09T14:46:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1100","title":"Influences of the Tamarisk Leaf Beetle (Diorhabda carinulata) on the diet of insectivorous birds along the Dolores River in Southwestern Colorado","docAbstract":"We examined the effects of a biologic control agent, the tamarisk leaf beetle (Diorhabda carinulata), on native avifauna in southwestern Colorado, specifically, addressing whether and to what degree birds eat tamarisk leaf beetles. In 2010, we documented avian foraging behavior, characterized the arthropod community, sampled bird diets, and undertook an experiment to determine whether tamarisk leaf beetles are palatable to birds. We observed that tamarisk leaf beetles compose 24.0 percent (95-percent-confidence interval, 19.9-27.4 percent) and 35.4 percent (95-percent-confidence interval, 32.4-45.1 percent) of arthropod abundance and biomass in the study area, respectively. Birds ate few tamarisk leaf beetles, despite a superabundance of D. carinulata in the environment. The frequency of occurrence of tamarisk leaf beetles in bird diets was 2.1 percent (95-percent-confidence interval, 1.3- 2.9 percent) by abundance and 3.4 percent (95-percent-confidence interval, 2.6-4.2 percent) by biomass. Thus, tamarisk leaf beetles probably do not contribute significantly to the diets of birds in areas where biologic control of tamarisk is being applied.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141100","issn":"2331-1258","usgsCitation":"Puckett, S., and van Riper, C., 2014, Influences of the Tamarisk Leaf Beetle (Diorhabda carinulata) on the diet of insectivorous birds along the Dolores River in Southwestern Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1100, iv, 49 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141100.","productDescription":"iv, 49 p.","numberOfPages":"53","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-044426","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":288180,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1100/"},{"id":288182,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141100.PNG"},{"id":288181,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1100/pdf/ofr2014-1100.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado;Utah","otherGeospatial":"Dolores River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -109.2803,37.4408 ], [ -109.2803,38.8276 ], [ -107.9266,38.8276 ], [ -107.9266,37.4408 ], [ -109.2803,37.4408 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5396c953e4b0f7580bc0a8c3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Puckett, Sarah L.","contributorId":34046,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Puckett","given":"Sarah L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493847,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"van Riper, Charles III 0000-0003-1084-5843 charles_van_riper@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1084-5843","contributorId":169488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"van Riper","given":"Charles","suffix":"III","email":"charles_van_riper@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":493848,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70102827,"text":"ofr20141083 - 2014 - Using a Bayesian Network to predict shore-line change vulnerability to sea-level rise for the coasts of the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-06T15:53:08","indexId":"ofr20141083","displayToPublicDate":"2014-06-06T15:50:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1083","title":"Using a Bayesian Network to predict shore-line change vulnerability to sea-level rise for the coasts of the United States","docAbstract":"Sea-level rise is an ongoing phenomenon that is expected to continue and is projected to have a wide range of effects on coastal environments and infrastructure during the 21st century and beyond. Consequently, there is a need to assemble relevant datasets and to develop modeling or other analytical approaches to evaluate the likelihood of particular sea-level rise impacts, such as coastal erosion, and to inform coastal management decisions with this information. This report builds on previous work that compiled oceanographic and geomorphic data as part of the U.S. Geological Survey’s Coastal Vulnerability Index (CVI) for the U.S. Atlantic coast, and developed a Bayesian Network to predict shoreline-change rates based on sea-level rise plus variables that describe the hydrodynamic and geologic setting. This report extends the previous analysis to include the Gulf and Pacific coasts of the continental United States and Alaska and Hawaii, which required using methods applied to the USGS CVI dataset to extract data for these regions. The Bayesian Network converts inputs that include observations of local rates of relative sea-level change, mean wave height, mean tide range, a geomorphic classification, coastal slope, and observed shoreline-change rates to calculate the probability of the shoreline-erosion rate exceeding a threshold level of 1 meter per year for the coasts of the United States. The calculated probabilities were compared to the historical observations of shoreline change to evaluate the hindcast success rate of the most likely probability of shoreline change. Highest accuracy was determined for the coast of Hawaii (98 percent success rate) and lowest accuracy was determined for the Gulf of Mexico (34 percent success rate). The minimum success rate rose to nearly 80 percent (Atlantic and Gulf coasts) when success included shoreline-change outcomes that were adjacent to the most likely outcome. Additionally, the probabilistic approach determines the confidence in calculated outcomes as the probability of the most likely outcome. The confidence was highest along the Pacific coast and it was lowest along the Alaskan coast.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141083","issn":"2331-1258","usgsCitation":"Gutierrez, B.T., Plant, N.G., Pendleton, E., and Thieler, E.R., 2014, Using a Bayesian Network to predict shore-line change vulnerability to sea-level rise for the coasts of the United States: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1083, v, 26 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141083.","productDescription":"v, 26 p.","numberOfPages":"32","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-053816","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":288160,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141083.jpg"},{"id":288158,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1083/"},{"id":288159,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1083/pdf/ofr2014-1083.pdf"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -130.0,20.0 ], [ -130.0,50.0 ], [ -60.0,50.0 ], [ -60.0,20.0 ], [ -130.0,20.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53ae789ce4b0abf75cf2da90","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gutierrez, Benjamin T.","contributorId":58670,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gutierrez","given":"Benjamin","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493044,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Plant, Nathaniel G. 0000-0002-5703-5672 nplant@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5703-5672","contributorId":3503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plant","given":"Nathaniel","email":"nplant@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":508,"text":"Office of the AD Hazards","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":493043,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pendleton, Elizabeth A.","contributorId":101312,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pendleton","given":"Elizabeth A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493045,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Thieler, E. Robert 0000-0003-4311-9717 rthieler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4311-9717","contributorId":2488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thieler","given":"E.","email":"rthieler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Robert","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":493042,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70098476,"text":"ofr20141060 - 2014 - Quality-assurance and data management plan for groundwater activities by the U.S. Geological Survey in Kansas, 2014","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-06T15:10:05","indexId":"ofr20141060","displayToPublicDate":"2014-06-06T15:07:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1060","title":"Quality-assurance and data management plan for groundwater activities by the U.S. Geological Survey in Kansas, 2014","docAbstract":"As the Nation’s principle earth-science information agency, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) is depended on to collect data of the highest quality. This document is a quality-assurance plan for groundwater activities (GWQAP) of the Kansas Water Science Center. The purpose of this GWQAP is to establish a minimum set of guidelines and practices to be used by the Kansas Water Science Center to ensure quality in groundwater activities. Included within these practices are the assignment of responsibilities for implementing quality-assurance activities in the Kansas Water Science Center and establishment of review procedures needed to ensure the technical quality and reliability of the groundwater products. In addition, this GWQAP is intended to complement quality-assurance plans for surface-water and water-quality activities and similar plans for the Kansas Water Science Center and general project activities throughout the USGS.
\nThis document provides the framework for collecting, analyzing, and reporting groundwater data that are quality assured and quality controlled. This GWQAP presents policies directing the collection, processing, analysis, storage, review, and publication of groundwater data. In addition, policies related to organizational responsibilities, training, project planning, and safety are presented. These policies and practices pertain to all groundwater activities conducted by the Kansas Water Science Center, including data-collection programs, interpretive and research projects. This report also includes the data management plan that describes the progression of data management from data collection to archiving and publication.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141060","issn":"2331-1258","usgsCitation":"Putnam, J.E., and Hansen, C.V., 2014, Quality-assurance and data management plan for groundwater activities by the U.S. Geological Survey in Kansas, 2014: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1060, v, 37 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141060.","productDescription":"v, 37 p.","numberOfPages":"48","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-051485","costCenters":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":288156,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141060.jpg"},{"id":288154,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1060/"},{"id":288155,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1060/pdf/ofr2014-1060.pdf"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53ae77f9e4b0abf75cf2c668","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Putnam, James E. jputnam@usgs.gov","contributorId":2021,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Putnam","given":"James","email":"jputnam@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":491730,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hansen, Cristi V. chansen@usgs.gov","contributorId":435,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hansen","given":"Cristi","email":"chansen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":491729,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70111384,"text":"ofr20141112 - 2014 - Investigation of methods for successful installation and operation of Juvenile Salmon Acoustic Telemetry System (JSATS) hydrophones in the Willamette River, Oregon, 2012","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-05T08:22:30","indexId":"ofr20141112","displayToPublicDate":"2014-06-05T08:17:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1112","title":"Investigation of methods for successful installation and operation of Juvenile Salmon Acoustic Telemetry System (JSATS) hydrophones in the Willamette River, Oregon, 2012","docAbstract":"Acoustic telemetry equipment was installed at three sites in the Willamette River during October 2012 to test the effectiveness of using the Juvenile Salmon Acoustic Telemetry System to monitor the movements of fish in a high-flow, high-velocity riverine environment. Hydrophones installed on concrete blocks were placed on the bottom of the river, and data cables were run from the hydrophones to shore where they were attached to anchor points. Under relatively low-flow conditions (less than approximately 10,000 cubic feet per second) the monitoring system remained in place and could be used to detect tagged fish as they traveled downstream during their seaward migration. At river discharge over approximately 10,000 cubic feet per second, the hydrophones were damaged and cables were lost because of the large volume of woody debris in the river and the increase in water velocity. Damage at two of the sites was sufficient to prevent data collection. A limited amount of data was collected from the equipment at the third site. Site selection and deployment strategies were re-evaluated, and an alternate deployment methodology was designed for implementation in 2013.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141112","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","usgsCitation":"Rutz, G.L., Sholtis, M., Adams, N.S., and Beeman, J.W., 2014, Investigation of methods for successful installation and operation of Juvenile Salmon Acoustic Telemetry System (JSATS) hydrophones in the Willamette River, Oregon, 2012: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1112, iv, 18 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141112.","productDescription":"iv, 18 p.","numberOfPages":"26","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-055083","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":288100,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141112.PNG"},{"id":288097,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1112/"},{"id":288099,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1112/pdf/ofr2014-1112.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Willamette River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -125.0024,43.3771 ], [ -125.0024,46.1342 ], [ -120.8002,46.1342 ], [ -120.8002,43.3771 ], [ -125.0024,43.3771 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53918350e4b06f80638265a8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rutz, Gary L. grutz@usgs.gov","contributorId":3886,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rutz","given":"Gary","email":"grutz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":494331,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sholtis, Matthew D.","contributorId":69481,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sholtis","given":"Matthew D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494332,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Adams, Noah S. 0000-0002-8354-0293 nadams@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8354-0293","contributorId":3521,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adams","given":"Noah","email":"nadams@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":494330,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Beeman, John W. jbeeman@usgs.gov","contributorId":2646,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beeman","given":"John","email":"jbeeman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":494329,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70049024,"text":"ofr20131272 - 2014 - Compilation of gallium resource data for bauxite deposits","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-22T10:13:33","indexId":"ofr20131272","displayToPublicDate":"2014-06-03T15:29:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1272","title":"Compilation of gallium resource data for bauxite deposits","docAbstract":"Gallium (Ga) concentrations for bauxite deposits worldwide have been compiled from the literature to provide a basis for research regarding the occurrence and distribution of Ga worldwide, as well as between types of bauxite deposits. In addition, this report is an attempt to bring together reported Ga concentration data into one database to supplement ongoing U.S. Geological Survey studies of critical mineral resources.
\nThe compilation of Ga data consists of location, deposit size, bauxite type and host rock, development status, major oxide data, trace element (Ga) data and analytical method(s) used to derive the data, and tonnage values for deposits within bauxite provinces and districts worldwide. The range in Ga concentrations for bauxite deposits worldwide is <10 to 812 parts per million (ppm), with an average of 57 ppm. Gallium concentrations in lateritic bauxites range from below detection (< 8 ppm) to 146 ppm; the average concentration is 57 ppm Ga. The average Ga concentration for karst bauxite deposits is 58 ppm with a range between <10 to 180 ppm Ga. As a result, there are no substantial differences in gallium concentrations between karst- and laterite-type bauxites. We calculate the range in geologically available Ga in bauxite deposits worldwide between 30 and 82,720 metric tons (t), with an average of 14,909 t.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131272","issn":"2331-1258","collaboration":"Mineral Resources Program","usgsCitation":"Schulte, R., and Foley, N.K., 2014, Compilation of gallium resource data for bauxite deposits: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1272, Report: iv, 14 p.; Table: ZIP file, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131272.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 14 p.; Table: ZIP file","numberOfPages":"21","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-048881","costCenters":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":288047,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131272.jpg"},{"id":288044,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1272/","text":"Index Page","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":288046,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1272/table/ofr2013-1272_tables.zip","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"}},{"id":288045,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1272/pdf/ofr2013-1272.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"538ee050e4b0d497d49684bd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schulte, Ruth F.","contributorId":68604,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schulte","given":"Ruth F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":486040,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Foley, Nora K. 0000-0003-0124-3509 nfoley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0124-3509","contributorId":4010,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foley","given":"Nora","email":"nfoley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":486039,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70104615,"text":"ofr20141088 - 2014 - Hurricane Sandy: observations and analysis of coastal change","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-03T14:23:10","indexId":"ofr20141088","displayToPublicDate":"2014-06-03T14:17:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1088","title":"Hurricane Sandy: observations and analysis of coastal change","docAbstract":"Hurricane Sandy, the largest Atlantic hurricane on record, made landfall on October 29, 2012, and impacted a long swath of the U.S. Atlantic coastline. The barrier islands were breached in a number of places and beach and dune erosion occurred along most of the Mid-Atlantic coast. As a part of the National Assessment of Coastal Change Hazards project, the U.S. Geological Survey collected post-Hurricane Sandy oblique aerial photography and lidar topographic surveys to document the changes that occurred as a result of the storm. Comparisons of post-storm photographs to those collected prior to Sandy’s landfall were used to characterize the nature, magnitude, and spatial variability of hurricane-induced coastal changes. Analysis of pre- and post-storm lidar elevations was used to quantify magnitudes of change in shoreline position, dune elevation, and beach width. Erosion was observed along the coast from North Carolina to New York; however, as would be expected over such a large region, extensive spatial variability in storm response was observed.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141088","issn":"2331-1258","usgsCitation":"Sopkin, K.L., Stockdon, H.F., Doran, K., Plant, N.G., Morgan, K., Guy, K.K., and Smith, K., 2014, Hurricane Sandy: observations and analysis of coastal change: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1088, ix, 54 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141088.","productDescription":"ix, 54 p.","numberOfPages":"64","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-045502","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":288042,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141088.jpg"},{"id":288040,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1088/"},{"id":288041,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1088/pdf/ofr2014-1088.pdf"}],"datum":"World Geodetic System 1984","country":"Mexico;United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -90.0,20.0 ], [ -90.0,40.0 ], [ -60.0,40.0 ], [ -60.0,20.0 ], [ -90.0,20.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"538ee05ae4b0d497d49684cd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sopkin, Kristin L. ksopkin@usgs.gov","contributorId":4437,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sopkin","given":"Kristin","email":"ksopkin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":493751,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stockdon, Hilary F. 0000-0003-0791-4676 hstockdon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0791-4676","contributorId":2153,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stockdon","given":"Hilary","email":"hstockdon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":493749,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Doran, Kara S. 0000-0001-8050-5727","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8050-5727","contributorId":33010,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doran","given":"Kara S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493753,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Plant, Nathaniel G. 0000-0002-5703-5672 nplant@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5703-5672","contributorId":3503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plant","given":"Nathaniel","email":"nplant@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":508,"text":"Office of the AD Hazards","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":493750,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Morgan, Karen L.M. 0000-0002-2994-5572","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2994-5572","contributorId":95553,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morgan","given":"Karen L.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493755,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Guy, Kristy K. kguy@usgs.gov","contributorId":45010,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guy","given":"Kristy","email":"kguy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493754,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Smith, Kathryn E. L.","contributorId":20860,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Kathryn E. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493752,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70102823,"text":"ofr20141020 - 2014 - Transmissivity and storage coefficient estimates from slug tests, Naval Air Warfare Center, West Trenton, New Jersey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-05-28T20:11:46.424521","indexId":"ofr20141020","displayToPublicDate":"2014-06-02T10:28:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1020","title":"Transmissivity and storage coefficient estimates from slug tests, Naval Air Warfare Center, West Trenton, New Jersey","docAbstract":"Slug tests were conducted on 56 observation wells open to bedrock at the former Naval Air Warfare Center (NAWC) in West Trenton, New Jersey. Aquifer transmissivity (T) and storage coefficient (S) values for most wells were estimated from slug-test data using the Cooper-Bredehoeft-Papadopulos method. Test data from three wells exhibited fast, underdamped water-level responses and were analyzed with the Butler high-K method. The range of T at NAWC was approximately 0.07 to 10,000 square feet per day. At 11 wells, water levels did not change measurably after 20 minutes following slug insertion; transmissivity at these 11 wells was estimated to be less than 0.07 square feet per day. The range of S was approximately 10-10 to 0.01, the mode being 10-10. Water-level responses for tests at three wells fit poorly to the type curves of both methods, indicating that these methods were not appropriate for adequately estimating T and S from those data.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141020","collaboration":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program. Prepared in cooperation with U.S. Department of the Navy","usgsCitation":"Fiore, A.R., 2014, Transmissivity and storage coefficient estimates from slug tests, Naval Air Warfare Center, West Trenton, New Jersey: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1020, Report: HTML document; Table 1, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141020.","productDescription":"Report: HTML document; Table 1","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-049724","costCenters":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":287950,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1020/report/table/table1.xlsx"},{"id":287949,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1020/report/title.html"},{"id":287948,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1020/"},{"id":375134,"rank":4,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1020/images/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Jersey","city":"West Trenton","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -74.819974,40.264976 ], [ -74.819974,40.275041 ], [ -74.804359,40.275041 ], [ -74.804359,40.264976 ], [ -74.819974,40.264976 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53ae787ae4b0abf75cf2d6b7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fiore, Alex R. 0000-0002-0986-5225 afiore@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0986-5225","contributorId":4977,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fiore","given":"Alex","email":"afiore@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":493028,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70103410,"text":"ofr20141090 - 2014 - Electron microprobe analyses of glasses from Kīlauea tephra units, Kīlauea Volcano, Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-06T08:31:19","indexId":"ofr20141090","displayToPublicDate":"2014-05-28T13:29:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1090","title":"Electron microprobe analyses of glasses from Kīlauea tephra units, Kīlauea Volcano, Hawaii","docAbstract":"This report presents approximately 2,100 glass analyses from three tephra units of Kīlauea Volcano: the Keanakākoʻi Tephra, the Kulanaokuaiki Tephra, and the Pāhala Ash. It also includes some new analyses obtained as part of a re-evaluation of the MgO contents of glasses in two of the three original datasets; this re-evaluation was conducted to improve the consistency of glass MgO contents among the three datasets. The glass data are a principal focus of Helz and others (in press), which will appear in the AGU Monograph Hawaiian Volcanoes—From Source to Surface. 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The NED provides seamless raster elevation data of the conterminous United States, Alaska, Hawaii, U.S. island territories, Mexico, and Canada. The NED is derived from diverse source datasets that are processed to a specification with consistent resolutions, coordinate system, elevation units, and horizontal and vertical datums. The NED serves as the elevation layer of The National Map, and it provides basic elevation information for earth science studies and mapping applications in the United States and most of North America. An important part of supporting scientific and operational use of the NED is provision of thorough dataset documentation including data quality and accuracy metrics. The focus of this report is on the vertical accuracy of the NED and on comparison of the NED with other similar large-area elevation datasets, namely data from the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) and the Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER).","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141008","issn":"2331-1258","usgsCitation":"Gesch, D.B., Oimoen, M.J., and Evans, G.A., 2014, Accuracy assessment of the U.S. Geological Survey National Elevation Dataset, and comparison with other large-area elevation datasets: SRTM and ASTER: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1008, iv, 10 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141008.","productDescription":"iv, 10 p.","numberOfPages":"18","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-052825","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":287323,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1008/"},{"id":287324,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1008/pdf/ofr2014-1008.pdf"},{"id":287325,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141008.jpg"}],"scale":"10000000","projection":"Lambert Azimuthal Equidistant projection","country":"Canada;Mexico;United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 190.0,15.0 ], [ 190.0,75.0 ], [ -40.0,75.0 ], [ -40.0,15.0 ], [ 190.0,15.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"537c6b50e4b00e1e1a48481e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gesch, Dean B. 0000-0002-8992-4933 gesch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8992-4933","contributorId":2956,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gesch","given":"Dean","email":"gesch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":492248,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Oimoen, Michael J. 0000-0003-3611-6227 oimoen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3611-6227","contributorId":4757,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oimoen","given":"Michael","email":"oimoen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":492250,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Evans, Gayla A. 0000-0001-5072-4232 gevans@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5072-4232","contributorId":3125,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evans","given":"Gayla","email":"gevans@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":492249,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70107358,"text":"ofr20131170C - 2014 - The search for geologic evidence of distant-source tsunamis using new field data in California","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70107358,"text":"ofr20131170C - 2014 - The search for geologic evidence of distant-source tsunamis using new field data in California","indexId":"ofr20131170C","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"chapter":"C","title":"The search for geologic evidence of distant-source tsunamis using new field data in California"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70047964,"text":"ofr20131170 - 2013 - The SAFRR (Science Application for Risk Reduction) Tsunami Scenario","indexId":"ofr20131170","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"title":"The SAFRR (Science Application for Risk Reduction) Tsunami Scenario"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":70047964,"text":"ofr20131170 - 2013 - The SAFRR (Science Application for Risk Reduction) Tsunami Scenario","indexId":"ofr20131170","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"title":"The SAFRR (Science Application for Risk Reduction) Tsunami Scenario"},"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-09T20:55:53.236697","indexId":"ofr20131170C","displayToPublicDate":"2014-05-20T14:53:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1170","chapter":"C","title":"The search for geologic evidence of distant-source tsunamis using new field data in California","docAbstract":"A statewide assessment for geological evidence of tsunamis, primarily from distant-source events, found tsunami deposits at several locations, though evidence was absent at most locations evaluated. 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kilometers, 4,857 sites) geochemical and mineralogical survey of soils in the conterminous United States as part of the North American Soil Geochemical Landscapes Project. The sampling protocol for the national-scale survey included, at each site, a sample from a depth of 0 to 5 centimeters, a composite of the soil A horizon, and a deeper sample from the soil C horizon or, if the top of the C horizon was at a depth greater than 1 meter, a sample from a depth of approximately 80–100 centimeters. The <2-millimeter fraction of each sample was analyzed for a suite of 45 major and trace elements by methods that yield the total or near-total elemental content. The major mineralogical components in the samples from the soil A and C horizons were determined by a quantitative X-ray diffraction method using Rietveld refinement. Sampling in the conterminous United States was completed in 2010, with chemical and mineralogical analyses completed in May 2013. The resulting data set provides an estimate of the abundance and spatial distribution of chemical elements and minerals in soils of the conterminous United States and represents a baseline for soil geochemistry and mineralogy against which future changes may be recognized and quantified. This report releases geochemical and mineralogical maps along with a histogram, boxplot, and empirical cumulative distribution function plot for each element or mineral.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141082","usgsCitation":"Smith, D., Cannon, W.F., Woodruff, L.G., Solano, F., and Ellefsen, K.J., 2014, Geochemical and mineralogical maps for soils of the conterminous United States: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1082, xiii, 386 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141082.","productDescription":"xiii, 386 p.","numberOfPages":"399","ipdsId":"IP-054128","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":287314,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index 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49.38905\n ]\n ]\n ]\n ]\n },\n \"properties\": {\n \"name\": \"United States\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"537c6b51e4b00e1e1a484826","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, David B. 0000-0001-8396-9105 dsmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8396-9105","contributorId":1274,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"David B.","email":"dsmith@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":492900,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cannon, William F. 0000-0002-2699-8118 wcannon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2699-8118","contributorId":1883,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cannon","given":"William","email":"wcannon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":492901,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Woodruff, Laurel G. 0000-0002-2514-9923 woodruff@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2514-9923","contributorId":2224,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woodruff","given":"Laurel","email":"woodruff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":492902,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Solano, Federico 0000-0002-0308-5850 fsolanoc@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0308-5850","contributorId":4302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Solano","given":"Federico","email":"fsolanoc@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":492903,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ellefsen, Karl J. 0000-0003-3075-4703 ellefsen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3075-4703","contributorId":789,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellefsen","given":"Karl","email":"ellefsen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":82803,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":true,"id":492899,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70104799,"text":"ofr20141099 - 2014 - Mercury concentrations in water, and mercury and selenium concentrations in fish from Brownlee Reservoir and selected sites in Boise and Snake Rivers, Idaho and Oregon, 2013","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-05-19T12:44:06","indexId":"ofr20141099","displayToPublicDate":"2014-05-19T12:35:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1099","title":"Mercury concentrations in water, and mercury and selenium concentrations in fish from Brownlee Reservoir and selected sites in Boise and Snake Rivers, Idaho and Oregon, 2013","docAbstract":"Mercury (Hg) analyses were conducted on samples of sport fish and water collected from six sampling sites in the Boise and Snake Rivers, and Brownlee Reservoir to meet National Pollution Discharge and Elimination System (NPDES) permit requirements for the City of Boise, Idaho. A water sample was collected from each site during October and November 2013 by the City of Boise personnel and was analyzed by the Boise City Public Works Water Quality Laboratory. Total Hg concentrations in unfiltered water samples ranged from 0.73 to 1.21 nanograms per liter (ng/L) at five river sites; total Hg concentration was highest (8.78 ng/L) in a water sample from Brownlee Reservoir. All Hg concentrations in water samples were less than the EPA Hg chronic aquatic life criterion in Idaho (12 ng/L).
\nThe EPA recommended a water-quality criterion of 0.30 milligrams per kilogram (mg/kg) methylmercury (MeHg) expressed as a fish-tissue residue value (wet-weight MeHg in fish tissue). MeHg residue in fish tissue is considered to be equivalent to total Hg in fish muscle tissue and is referred to as Hg in this report. The Idaho Department of Environmental Quality adopted the EPA’s fish-tissue criterion and a reasonable potential to exceed (RPTE) threshold 20 percent lower than the criterion or greater than 0.24 mg/kg based on an average concentration of 10 fish from a receiving waterbody. NPDES permitted discharge to waters with fish having Hg concentrations exceeding 0.24 mg/kg are said to have a reasonable potential to exceed the water-quality criterion and thus are subject to additional permit obligations, such as requirements for increased monitoring and the development of a Hg minimization plan. The Idaho Fish Consumption Advisory Program (IFCAP) issues fish advisories to protect general and sensitive populations of fish consumers and has developed an action level of 0.22 mg/kg wet weight Hg in fish tissue. Fish consumption advisories are water body- and species-specific and are used to advise of allowable fish consumption from specific water bodies. The geometric mean Hg concentration of 10 fish of a single species collected from a single water body (lake or stream) in Idaho is compared to the action level to determine if a fish consumption advisory should be issued.
\nThe U.S. Geological Survey collected and analyzed individual fillets of mountain whitefish (Prosopium williamsoni), smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieu), and channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) for Hg. The median Hg concentration of 0.32 mg/kg exceeded the Idaho water-quality criterion at the site in Brownlee Reservoir. Average Hg concentrations from Brownlee Reservoir (0.32 mg/kg) and the Boise River at mouth (0.33 mg/kg) exceeded the Hg RPTE threshold (>0.24 mg/kg). IFCAP action levels also were exceeded at the sites on Brownlee Reservoir and at the mouth of the Boise River. Median Hg concentrations in fish at the remaining four river sites were less than 0.20 mg/kg with average concentrations ranging from 0.14 to 0.21 mg/kg Hg.
\nSelenium (Se) analysis also was conducted on one composite fish tissue sample per site to screen for general concentrations and to provide information for future risk assessments. Concentrations of Se ranged from 0.07 to 0.49 mg/kg wet weight; average concentrations were highest in smallmouth bass (0.40 mg/kg) and lowest in mountain whitefish (0.12 mg/kg).
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141099","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the City of Boise","usgsCitation":"MacCoy, D.E., 2014, Mercury concentrations in water, and mercury and selenium concentrations in fish from Brownlee Reservoir and selected sites in Boise and Snake Rivers, Idaho and Oregon, 2013: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1099, iv, 26 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141099.","productDescription":"iv, 26 p.","numberOfPages":"34","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-052783","costCenters":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":287286,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141099.PNG"},{"id":287284,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1099/"},{"id":287285,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1099/pdf/ofr2014-1099.pdf"}],"projection":"Idaho Transverse Mercator","datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","state":"Idaho;Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Boise River;Brownlee Reservoir;Snake River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -117.4013,43.1491 ], [ -117.4013,44.4965 ], [ -115.9634,44.4965 ], [ -115.9634,43.1491 ], [ -117.4013,43.1491 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"537b19d3e4b0929ba496ab3a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"MacCoy, Dorene E. 0000-0001-6810-4728 demaccoy@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6810-4728","contributorId":948,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"MacCoy","given":"Dorene","email":"demaccoy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":493798,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70102317,"text":"ofr20141080 - 2014 - Cruise report for P1-13-LA, U.S. Geological Survey gas hydrates research cruise, R/V Pelican April 18 to May 3, 2013, deepwater Gulf of Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-07T16:35:20","indexId":"ofr20141080","displayToPublicDate":"2014-05-16T16:34:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1080","title":"Cruise report for P1-13-LA, U.S. Geological Survey gas hydrates research cruise, R/V Pelican April 18 to May 3, 2013, deepwater Gulf of Mexico","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey led a seismic acquisition cruise in the Gulf of Mexico from April 18 to May 3, 2013, with the objectives of (1) achieving improved imaging and characterization at two established gas hydrate study sites, and (2) refining geophysical methods for gas hydrate characterization in other locations. We conducted this acquisition aboard the R/V Pelican, and used a pair of 105/105-cubic-inch generator/injector air guns to provide seismic energy that we recorded using a 450-meter 72-channel digital hydrophone streamer and 25 multicomponent ocean-bottom seismometers.
\nIn the area of lease block Green Canyon 955, we deployed 21 ocean-bottom seismometers and acquired approximately 400 kilometers of high-resolution two-dimensional streamer seismic data in a grid with line spacing as small as 50 meters and along radial lines that provide source offsets up to 10 kilometers and diverse azimuths for the ocean-bottom seismometers. In the area of lease block Walker Ridge 313, we deployed 25 ocean-bottom seismometers and acquired approximately 450 kilometers of streamer seismic data in a grid pattern with line spacing as small as 250 meters and along radial lines that provide source offsets up to 10 kilometers for the ocean-bottom seismometers. The data acquisition effort was conducted safely and met the scientific objectives.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141080","issn":"2331-1258","collaboration":"The work described in this report was performed in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Energy and the U.S. Bureau of Ocean Energy Management.","usgsCitation":"Haines, S.S., Hart, P.E., Ruppel, C., O'Brien, T., Baldwin, W., White, J., Moore, E., Dal Ferro, P., and Lemmond, P., 2014, Cruise report for P1-13-LA, U.S. Geological Survey gas hydrates research cruise, R/V Pelican April 18 to May 3, 2013, deepwater Gulf of Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1080, v, 33 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141080.","productDescription":"v, 33 p.","numberOfPages":"38","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-052130","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":287271,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1080/"},{"id":287273,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141080.jpg"},{"id":287272,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1080/pdf/ofr2014-1080.pdf"}],"otherGeospatial":"Gulf Of Mexico","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -97.86,18.18 ], [ -97.86,30.4 ], [ -81.04,30.4 ], [ -81.04,18.18 ], [ -97.86,18.18 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53771724e4b02eab8669eb76","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Haines, Seth S. 0000-0003-2611-8165 shaines@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2611-8165","contributorId":1344,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haines","given":"Seth","email":"shaines@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":492945,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hart, Patrick E. 0000-0002-5080-1426 hart@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5080-1426","contributorId":2879,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hart","given":"Patrick","email":"hart@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":492947,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ruppel, Carolyn cruppel@usgs.gov","contributorId":2015,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruppel","given":"Carolyn","email":"cruppel@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":492946,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"O'Brien, Thomas","contributorId":75924,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O'Brien","given":"Thomas","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492953,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Baldwin, Wayne","contributorId":45625,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baldwin","given":"Wayne","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492950,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"White, Jenny","contributorId":33629,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"Jenny","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492949,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Moore, Eric 0000-0002-2732-2654 emoore@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2732-2654","contributorId":5489,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"Eric","email":"emoore@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":492948,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Dal Ferro, Peter pdalferro@usgs.gov","contributorId":5488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dal Ferro","given":"Peter","email":"pdalferro@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":492951,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Lemmond, Peter","contributorId":48877,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lemmond","given":"Peter","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492952,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70103867,"text":"ofr20141094 - 2014 - Bathymetry and acoustic backscatter: outer mainland shelf and slope, Gulf of Santa Catalina, southern California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-05-16T16:30:38","indexId":"ofr20141094","displayToPublicDate":"2014-05-16T16:26:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1094","title":"Bathymetry and acoustic backscatter: outer mainland shelf and slope, Gulf of Santa Catalina, southern California","docAbstract":"In 2010 and 2011, scientists from the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), Coastal and Marine Geology Program, acquired bathymetry and acoustic-backscatter data from the outer shelf and slope region offshore of southern California. The surveys were conducted as part of the USGS Marine Geohazards Program. Assessment of the hazards posed by offshore faults, submarine landslides, and tsunamis are facilitated by accurate and detailed bathymetric data. The surveys were conducted using the USGS R/V Parke Snavely outfitted with a 100-kHz Reson 7111 multibeam-echosounder system. This report provides the bathymetry and backscatter data acquired during these surveys in several formats, a summary of the mapping mission, maps of bathymetry and backscatter, and Federal Geographic Data Committee (FGDC) metadata.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141094","issn":"2331-1258","usgsCitation":"Dartnell, P., Conrad, J.E., Ryan, H., and Finlayson, D.P., 2014, Bathymetry and acoustic backscatter: outer mainland shelf and slope, Gulf of Santa Catalina, southern California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1094, Report: iv, 15 p.; Data catalog; Maps, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141094.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 15 p.; Data catalog; Maps","numberOfPages":"21","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-049524","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":287270,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141094.jpg"},{"id":287266,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1094/"},{"id":287267,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1094/pdf/ofr2014-1094.pdf"},{"id":287268,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1094/datacatalog.html"},{"id":287269,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1094/maps.html"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Gulf Of Santa Catalina","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -118.0,32.5 ], [ -118.0,33.5 ], [ -117.0,33.5 ], [ -117.0,32.5 ], [ -118.0,32.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53771717e4b02eab8669eaff","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dartnell, Peter 0000-0002-9554-729X pdartnell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9554-729X","contributorId":2688,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dartnell","given":"Peter","email":"pdartnell@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":493515,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Conrad, James E. 0000-0001-6655-694X jconrad@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6655-694X","contributorId":2316,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conrad","given":"James","email":"jconrad@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":493514,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ryan, Holly F.","contributorId":67616,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ryan","given":"Holly F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493516,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Finlayson, David P. dfinlayson@usgs.gov","contributorId":1381,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finlayson","given":"David","email":"dfinlayson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":493513,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70093891,"text":"ofr20141025A - 2014 - Earthquake catalog for estimation of maximum earthquake magnitude, Central and Eastern United States: Part A, Prehistoric earthquakes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-05-16T15:15:49","indexId":"ofr20141025A","displayToPublicDate":"2014-05-16T15:10:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1025","chapter":"A","title":"Earthquake catalog for estimation of maximum earthquake magnitude, Central and Eastern United States: Part A, Prehistoric earthquakes","docAbstract":"Computation of probabilistic earthquake hazard requires an estimate of Mmax, the maximum earthquake magnitude thought to be possible within a specified geographic region. This report is Part A of an Open-File Report that describes the construction of a global catalog of moderate to large earthquakes, from which one can estimate Mmax for most of the Central and Eastern United States and adjacent Canada. The catalog and Mmax estimates derived from it were used in the 2014 edition of the U.S. Geological Survey national seismic-hazard maps. This Part A discusses prehistoric earthquakes that occurred in eastern North America, northwestern Europe, and Australia, whereas a separate Part B deals with historical events.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141025A","issn":"2331-1258","usgsCitation":"Wheeler, R.L., 2014, Earthquake catalog for estimation of maximum earthquake magnitude, Central and Eastern United States: Part A, Prehistoric earthquakes: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1025, iv, 26 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141025A.","productDescription":"iv, 26 p.","numberOfPages":"30","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-050768","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":287265,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141025A.jpg"},{"id":287264,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1025/a/pdf/ofr2014-1025.pdf"},{"id":287263,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1025/a/"}],"otherGeospatial":"Australia;Europe;North America","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53771744e4b02eab8669ebc7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wheeler, Russell L. wheeler@usgs.gov","contributorId":858,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wheeler","given":"Russell","email":"wheeler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":490259,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ]}