{"pageNumber":"75","pageRowStart":"1850","pageSize":"25","recordCount":36989,"records":[{"id":70098476,"text":"ofr20141060 - 2014 - Quality-assurance and data management plan for groundwater activities by the U.S. Geological Survey in Kansas, 2014","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-06T15:10:05","indexId":"ofr20141060","displayToPublicDate":"2014-06-06T15:07:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1060","title":"Quality-assurance and data management plan for groundwater activities by the U.S. Geological Survey in Kansas, 2014","docAbstract":"

As the Nation’s principle earth-science information agency, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) is depended on to collect data of the highest quality. This document is a quality-assurance plan for groundwater activities (GWQAP) of the Kansas Water Science Center. The purpose of this GWQAP is to establish a minimum set of guidelines and practices to be used by the Kansas Water Science Center to ensure quality in groundwater activities. Included within these practices are the assignment of responsibilities for implementing quality-assurance activities in the Kansas Water Science Center and establishment of review procedures needed to ensure the technical quality and reliability of the groundwater products. In addition, this GWQAP is intended to complement quality-assurance plans for surface-water and water-quality activities and similar plans for the Kansas Water Science Center and general project activities throughout the USGS.

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This document provides the framework for collecting, analyzing, and reporting groundwater data that are quality assured and quality controlled. This GWQAP presents policies directing the collection, processing, analysis, storage, review, and publication of groundwater data. In addition, policies related to organizational responsibilities, training, project planning, and safety are presented. These policies and practices pertain to all groundwater activities conducted by the Kansas Water Science Center, including data-collection programs, interpretive and research projects. This report also includes the data management plan that describes the progression of data management from data collection to archiving and publication.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141060","issn":"2331-1258","usgsCitation":"Putnam, J.E., and Hansen, C.V., 2014, Quality-assurance and data management plan for groundwater activities by the U.S. Geological Survey in Kansas, 2014: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1060, v, 37 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141060.","productDescription":"v, 37 p.","numberOfPages":"48","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-051485","costCenters":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":288156,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141060.jpg"},{"id":288154,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1060/"},{"id":288155,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1060/pdf/ofr2014-1060.pdf"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53ae77f9e4b0abf75cf2c668","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Putnam, James E. jputnam@usgs.gov","contributorId":2021,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Putnam","given":"James","email":"jputnam@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":491730,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hansen, Cristi V. chansen@usgs.gov","contributorId":435,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hansen","given":"Cristi","email":"chansen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":491729,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70111384,"text":"ofr20141112 - 2014 - Investigation of methods for successful installation and operation of Juvenile Salmon Acoustic Telemetry System (JSATS) hydrophones in the Willamette River, Oregon, 2012","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-05T08:22:30","indexId":"ofr20141112","displayToPublicDate":"2014-06-05T08:17:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1112","title":"Investigation of methods for successful installation and operation of Juvenile Salmon Acoustic Telemetry System (JSATS) hydrophones in the Willamette River, Oregon, 2012","docAbstract":"Acoustic telemetry equipment was installed at three sites in the Willamette River during October 2012 to test the effectiveness of using the Juvenile Salmon Acoustic Telemetry System to monitor the movements of fish in a high-flow, high-velocity riverine environment. Hydrophones installed on concrete blocks were placed on the bottom of the river, and data cables were run from the hydrophones to shore where they were attached to anchor points. Under relatively low-flow conditions (less than approximately 10,000 cubic feet per second) the monitoring system remained in place and could be used to detect tagged fish as they traveled downstream during their seaward migration. At river discharge over approximately 10,000 cubic feet per second, the hydrophones were damaged and cables were lost because of the large volume of woody debris in the river and the increase in water velocity. Damage at two of the sites was sufficient to prevent data collection. A limited amount of data was collected from the equipment at the third site. Site selection and deployment strategies were re-evaluated, and an alternate deployment methodology was designed for implementation in 2013.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141112","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","usgsCitation":"Rutz, G.L., Sholtis, M., Adams, N.S., and Beeman, J.W., 2014, Investigation of methods for successful installation and operation of Juvenile Salmon Acoustic Telemetry System (JSATS) hydrophones in the Willamette River, Oregon, 2012: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1112, iv, 18 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141112.","productDescription":"iv, 18 p.","numberOfPages":"26","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-055083","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":288100,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141112.PNG"},{"id":288097,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1112/"},{"id":288099,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1112/pdf/ofr2014-1112.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Willamette River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -125.0024,43.3771 ], [ -125.0024,46.1342 ], [ -120.8002,46.1342 ], [ -120.8002,43.3771 ], [ -125.0024,43.3771 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53918350e4b06f80638265a8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rutz, Gary L. grutz@usgs.gov","contributorId":3886,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rutz","given":"Gary","email":"grutz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":494331,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sholtis, Matthew D.","contributorId":69481,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sholtis","given":"Matthew D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494332,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Adams, Noah S. 0000-0002-8354-0293 nadams@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8354-0293","contributorId":3521,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adams","given":"Noah","email":"nadams@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":494330,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Beeman, John W. jbeeman@usgs.gov","contributorId":2646,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beeman","given":"John","email":"jbeeman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":494329,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70049024,"text":"ofr20131272 - 2014 - Compilation of gallium resource data for bauxite deposits","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-22T10:13:33","indexId":"ofr20131272","displayToPublicDate":"2014-06-03T15:29:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1272","title":"Compilation of gallium resource data for bauxite deposits","docAbstract":"

Gallium (Ga) concentrations for bauxite deposits worldwide have been compiled from the literature to provide a basis for research regarding the occurrence and distribution of Ga worldwide, as well as between types of bauxite deposits. In addition, this report is an attempt to bring together reported Ga concentration data into one database to supplement ongoing U.S. Geological Survey studies of critical mineral resources.

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The compilation of Ga data consists of location, deposit size, bauxite type and host rock, development status, major oxide data, trace element (Ga) data and analytical method(s) used to derive the data, and tonnage values for deposits within bauxite provinces and districts worldwide. The range in Ga concentrations for bauxite deposits worldwide is <10 to 812 parts per million (ppm), with an average of 57 ppm. Gallium concentrations in lateritic bauxites range from below detection (< 8 ppm) to 146 ppm; the average concentration is 57 ppm Ga. The average Ga concentration for karst bauxite deposits is 58 ppm with a range between <10 to 180 ppm Ga. As a result, there are no substantial differences in gallium concentrations between karst- and laterite-type bauxites. We calculate the range in geologically available Ga in bauxite deposits worldwide between 30 and 82,720 metric tons (t), with an average of 14,909 t.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131272","issn":"2331-1258","collaboration":"Mineral Resources Program","usgsCitation":"Schulte, R., and Foley, N.K., 2014, Compilation of gallium resource data for bauxite deposits: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1272, Report: iv, 14 p.; Table: ZIP file, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131272.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 14 p.; Table: ZIP file","numberOfPages":"21","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-048881","costCenters":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":288047,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131272.jpg"},{"id":288044,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1272/","text":"Index Page","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":288046,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1272/table/ofr2013-1272_tables.zip","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"}},{"id":288045,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1272/pdf/ofr2013-1272.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"538ee050e4b0d497d49684bd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schulte, Ruth F.","contributorId":68604,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schulte","given":"Ruth F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":486040,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Foley, Nora K. 0000-0003-0124-3509 nfoley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0124-3509","contributorId":4010,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foley","given":"Nora","email":"nfoley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":486039,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70104615,"text":"ofr20141088 - 2014 - Hurricane Sandy: observations and analysis of coastal change","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-03T14:23:10","indexId":"ofr20141088","displayToPublicDate":"2014-06-03T14:17:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1088","title":"Hurricane Sandy: observations and analysis of coastal change","docAbstract":"Hurricane Sandy, the largest Atlantic hurricane on record, made landfall on October 29, 2012, and impacted a long swath of the U.S. Atlantic coastline. The barrier islands were breached in a number of places and beach and dune erosion occurred along most of the Mid-Atlantic coast. As a part of the National Assessment of Coastal Change Hazards project, the U.S. Geological Survey collected post-Hurricane Sandy oblique aerial photography and lidar topographic surveys to document the changes that occurred as a result of the storm. Comparisons of post-storm photographs to those collected prior to Sandy’s landfall were used to characterize the nature, magnitude, and spatial variability of hurricane-induced coastal changes. Analysis of pre- and post-storm lidar elevations was used to quantify magnitudes of change in shoreline position, dune elevation, and beach width. Erosion was observed along the coast from North Carolina to New York; however, as would be expected over such a large region, extensive spatial variability in storm response was observed.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141088","issn":"2331-1258","usgsCitation":"Sopkin, K.L., Stockdon, H.F., Doran, K., Plant, N.G., Morgan, K., Guy, K.K., and Smith, K., 2014, Hurricane Sandy: observations and analysis of coastal change: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1088, ix, 54 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141088.","productDescription":"ix, 54 p.","numberOfPages":"64","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-045502","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":288042,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141088.jpg"},{"id":288040,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1088/"},{"id":288041,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1088/pdf/ofr2014-1088.pdf"}],"datum":"World Geodetic System 1984","country":"Mexico;United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -90.0,20.0 ], [ -90.0,40.0 ], [ -60.0,40.0 ], [ -60.0,20.0 ], [ -90.0,20.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"538ee05ae4b0d497d49684cd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sopkin, Kristin L. ksopkin@usgs.gov","contributorId":4437,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sopkin","given":"Kristin","email":"ksopkin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":493751,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stockdon, Hilary F. 0000-0003-0791-4676 hstockdon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0791-4676","contributorId":2153,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stockdon","given":"Hilary","email":"hstockdon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":493749,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Doran, Kara S. 0000-0001-8050-5727","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8050-5727","contributorId":33010,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doran","given":"Kara S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493753,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Plant, Nathaniel G. 0000-0002-5703-5672 nplant@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5703-5672","contributorId":3503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plant","given":"Nathaniel","email":"nplant@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":508,"text":"Office of the AD Hazards","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":493750,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Morgan, Karen L.M. 0000-0002-2994-5572","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2994-5572","contributorId":95553,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morgan","given":"Karen L.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493755,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Guy, Kristy K. kguy@usgs.gov","contributorId":45010,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guy","given":"Kristy","email":"kguy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493754,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Smith, Kathryn E. L.","contributorId":20860,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Kathryn E. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493752,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70102823,"text":"ofr20141020 - 2014 - Transmissivity and storage coefficient estimates from slug tests, Naval Air Warfare Center, West Trenton, New Jersey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-05-28T20:11:46.424521","indexId":"ofr20141020","displayToPublicDate":"2014-06-02T10:28:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1020","title":"Transmissivity and storage coefficient estimates from slug tests, Naval Air Warfare Center, West Trenton, New Jersey","docAbstract":"Slug tests were conducted on 56 observation wells open to bedrock at the former Naval Air Warfare Center (NAWC) in West Trenton, New Jersey. Aquifer transmissivity (T) and storage coefficient (S) values for most wells were estimated from slug-test data using the Cooper-Bredehoeft-Papadopulos method. Test data from three wells exhibited fast, underdamped water-level responses and were analyzed with the Butler high-K method. The range of T at NAWC was approximately 0.07 to 10,000 square feet per day. At 11 wells, water levels did not change measurably after 20 minutes following slug insertion; transmissivity at these 11 wells was estimated to be less than 0.07 square feet per day. The range of S was approximately 10-10 to 0.01, the mode being 10-10. Water-level responses for tests at three wells fit poorly to the type curves of both methods, indicating that these methods were not appropriate for adequately estimating T and S from those data.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141020","collaboration":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program. Prepared in cooperation with U.S. Department of the Navy","usgsCitation":"Fiore, A.R., 2014, Transmissivity and storage coefficient estimates from slug tests, Naval Air Warfare Center, West Trenton, New Jersey: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1020, Report: HTML document; Table 1, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141020.","productDescription":"Report: HTML document; Table 1","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-049724","costCenters":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":287950,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1020/report/table/table1.xlsx"},{"id":287949,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1020/report/title.html"},{"id":287948,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1020/"},{"id":375134,"rank":4,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1020/images/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Jersey","city":"West Trenton","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -74.819974,40.264976 ], [ -74.819974,40.275041 ], [ -74.804359,40.275041 ], [ -74.804359,40.264976 ], [ -74.819974,40.264976 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53ae787ae4b0abf75cf2d6b7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fiore, Alex R. 0000-0002-0986-5225 afiore@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0986-5225","contributorId":4977,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fiore","given":"Alex","email":"afiore@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":493028,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70103410,"text":"ofr20141090 - 2014 - Electron microprobe analyses of glasses from Kīlauea tephra units, Kīlauea Volcano, Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-06T08:31:19","indexId":"ofr20141090","displayToPublicDate":"2014-05-28T13:29:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1090","title":"Electron microprobe analyses of glasses from Kīlauea tephra units, Kīlauea Volcano, Hawaii","docAbstract":"This report presents approximately 2,100 glass analyses from three tephra units of Kīlauea Volcano: the Keanakākoʻi Tephra, the Kulanaokuaiki Tephra, and the Pāhala Ash. It also includes some new analyses obtained as part of a re-evaluation of the MgO contents of glasses in two of the three original datasets; this re-evaluation was conducted to improve the consistency of glass MgO contents among the three datasets. The glass data are a principal focus of Helz and others (in press), which will appear in the AGU Monograph Hawaiian Volcanoes—From Source to Surface. 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The NED provides seamless raster elevation data of the conterminous United States, Alaska, Hawaii, U.S. island territories, Mexico, and Canada. The NED is derived from diverse source datasets that are processed to a specification with consistent resolutions, coordinate system, elevation units, and horizontal and vertical datums. The NED serves as the elevation layer of The National Map, and it provides basic elevation information for earth science studies and mapping applications in the United States and most of North America. An important part of supporting scientific and operational use of the NED is provision of thorough dataset documentation including data quality and accuracy metrics. The focus of this report is on the vertical accuracy of the NED and on comparison of the NED with other similar large-area elevation datasets, namely data from the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) and the Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER).","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141008","issn":"2331-1258","usgsCitation":"Gesch, D.B., Oimoen, M.J., and Evans, G.A., 2014, Accuracy assessment of the U.S. Geological Survey National Elevation Dataset, and comparison with other large-area elevation datasets: SRTM and ASTER: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1008, iv, 10 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141008.","productDescription":"iv, 10 p.","numberOfPages":"18","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-052825","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":287323,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1008/"},{"id":287324,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1008/pdf/ofr2014-1008.pdf"},{"id":287325,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141008.jpg"}],"scale":"10000000","projection":"Lambert Azimuthal Equidistant projection","country":"Canada;Mexico;United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 190.0,15.0 ], [ 190.0,75.0 ], [ -40.0,75.0 ], [ -40.0,15.0 ], [ 190.0,15.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"537c6b50e4b00e1e1a48481e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gesch, Dean B. 0000-0002-8992-4933 gesch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8992-4933","contributorId":2956,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gesch","given":"Dean","email":"gesch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":492248,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Oimoen, Michael J. 0000-0003-3611-6227 oimoen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3611-6227","contributorId":4757,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oimoen","given":"Michael","email":"oimoen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":492250,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Evans, Gayla A. 0000-0001-5072-4232 gevans@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5072-4232","contributorId":3125,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evans","given":"Gayla","email":"gevans@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":492249,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70107358,"text":"ofr20131170C - 2014 - The search for geologic evidence of distant-source tsunamis using new field data in California","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70107358,"text":"ofr20131170C - 2014 - The search for geologic evidence of distant-source tsunamis using new field data in California","indexId":"ofr20131170C","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"chapter":"C","title":"The search for geologic evidence of distant-source tsunamis using new field data in California"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70047964,"text":"ofr20131170 - 2013 - The SAFRR (Science Application for Risk Reduction) Tsunami Scenario","indexId":"ofr20131170","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"title":"The SAFRR (Science Application for Risk Reduction) Tsunami Scenario"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":70047964,"text":"ofr20131170 - 2013 - The SAFRR (Science Application for Risk Reduction) Tsunami Scenario","indexId":"ofr20131170","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"title":"The SAFRR (Science Application for Risk Reduction) Tsunami Scenario"},"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-09T20:55:53.236697","indexId":"ofr20131170C","displayToPublicDate":"2014-05-20T14:53:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1170","chapter":"C","title":"The search for geologic evidence of distant-source tsunamis using new field data in California","docAbstract":"A statewide assessment for geological evidence of tsunamis, primarily from distant-source events, found tsunami deposits at several locations, though evidence was absent at most locations evaluated. Several historical distant-source tsunamis, including the 1946 Aleutian, 1960 Chile, and 1964 Alaska events, caused inundation along portions of the northern and central California coast. Recent numerical tsunami modeling results identify the eastern Aleutian Islands subduction zone as the “worstcase” distant-source region, with the potential for causing tsunami runups of 7–10 m in northern and central California and 3–4 m in southern California. These model results, along with a review of historical topographic maps and past geotechnical evaluations, guided site selection for tsunami deposit surveys. A reconnaissance of 20 coastal marshlands was performed through site visits and coring of shallow surface sediments to determine if evidence for past tsunamis existed. Although conclusive evidence of tsunami deposits was not found at most of the sites evaluated, geologic evidence consistent with tsunami inundation was found at two locations: Three marshes in the Crescent City area and Pillar Point marsh near Half Moon Bay. Potential tsunami deposits were also evaluated at the Carpinteria Salt Marsh Reserve in Santa Barbara County. In Crescent City, deposits were ascribed to tsunamis on the basis of stratigraphic architecture, particle size, and microfossil content, and they were further assigned to the 1964 Alaska and 1700 Cascadia tsunamis on the basis of dating by cesium-137 and radiocarbon methods, respectively. The 1946 tsunami sand deposit was clearly identified throughout Pillar Point marsh, and one to two other similar but highly discontinuous sand layers were present within 0.5 m of the surface. A tsunami-origin interpretation for sand layers at Carpinteria is merely consistent with graded bedding and unsupported by diatom or foraminiferal assemblages. Additional studies, including age dating, grain-size, and microfossil analyses are underway for the deposits at Crescent City, Pillar Point marsh, and Carpinteria, which may help further identify if other tsunami deposits exist at those sites. The absence of evidence for tsunamis at other sites examined should not preclude further work beyond the reconnaissance-level investigations at those locations.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"The SAFRR (Science Application for Risk Reduction) tsunami scenario (Open File Report 2013-1170)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131170C","usgsCitation":"Wilson, R., Hemphill-Haley, E., Jaffe, B., Richmond, B., Peters, R., Graehl, N., Kelsey, H., Leeper, R., Watt, S., McGann, M., Hoirup, D.F., Chague-Goff, C., Goff, J., Caldwell, D., and Loofbourrow, C., 2014, The search for geologic evidence of distant-source tsunamis using new field data in California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1170, viii, 122 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131170C.","productDescription":"viii, 122 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The U.S. Geological Survey began sampling in 2007 for a low-density (1 site per 1,600 square kilometers, 4,857 sites) geochemical and mineralogical survey of soils in the conterminous United States as part of the North American Soil Geochemical Landscapes Project. The sampling protocol for the national-scale survey included, at each site, a sample from a depth of 0 to 5 centimeters, a composite of the soil A horizon, and a deeper sample from the soil C horizon or, if the top of the C horizon was at a depth greater than 1 meter, a sample from a depth of approximately 80–100 centimeters. The <2-millimeter fraction of each sample was analyzed for a suite of 45 major and trace elements by methods that yield the total or near-total elemental content. The major mineralogical components in the samples from the soil A and C horizons were determined by a quantitative X-ray diffraction method using Rietveld refinement. Sampling in the conterminous United States was completed in 2010, with chemical and mineralogical analyses completed in May 2013. The resulting data set provides an estimate of the abundance and spatial distribution of chemical elements and minerals in soils of the conterminous United States and represents a baseline for soil geochemistry and mineralogy against which future changes may be recognized and quantified. This report releases geochemical and mineralogical maps along with a histogram, boxplot, and empirical cumulative distribution function plot for each element or mineral.

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2013","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-05-19T12:44:06","indexId":"ofr20141099","displayToPublicDate":"2014-05-19T12:35:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1099","title":"Mercury concentrations in water, and mercury and selenium concentrations in fish from Brownlee Reservoir and selected sites in Boise and Snake Rivers, Idaho and Oregon, 2013","docAbstract":"

Mercury (Hg) analyses were conducted on samples of sport fish and water collected from six sampling sites in the Boise and Snake Rivers, and Brownlee Reservoir to meet National Pollution Discharge and Elimination System (NPDES) permit requirements for the City of Boise, Idaho. A water sample was collected from each site during October and November 2013 by the City of Boise personnel and was analyzed by the Boise City Public Works Water Quality Laboratory. Total Hg concentrations in unfiltered water samples ranged from 0.73 to 1.21 nanograms per liter (ng/L) at five river sites; total Hg concentration was highest (8.78 ng/L) in a water sample from Brownlee Reservoir. All Hg concentrations in water samples were less than the EPA Hg chronic aquatic life criterion in Idaho (12 ng/L).

\n
\n

The EPA recommended a water-quality criterion of 0.30 milligrams per kilogram (mg/kg) methylmercury (MeHg) expressed as a fish-tissue residue value (wet-weight MeHg in fish tissue). MeHg residue in fish tissue is considered to be equivalent to total Hg in fish muscle tissue and is referred to as Hg in this report. The Idaho Department of Environmental Quality adopted the EPA’s fish-tissue criterion and a reasonable potential to exceed (RPTE) threshold 20 percent lower than the criterion or greater than 0.24 mg/kg based on an average concentration of 10 fish from a receiving waterbody. NPDES permitted discharge to waters with fish having Hg concentrations exceeding 0.24 mg/kg are said to have a reasonable potential to exceed the water-quality criterion and thus are subject to additional permit obligations, such as requirements for increased monitoring and the development of a Hg minimization plan. The Idaho Fish Consumption Advisory Program (IFCAP) issues fish advisories to protect general and sensitive populations of fish consumers and has developed an action level of 0.22 mg/kg wet weight Hg in fish tissue. Fish consumption advisories are water body- and species-specific and are used to advise of allowable fish consumption from specific water bodies. The geometric mean Hg concentration of 10 fish of a single species collected from a single water body (lake or stream) in Idaho is compared to the action level to determine if a fish consumption advisory should be issued.

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\n

The U.S. Geological Survey collected and analyzed individual fillets of mountain whitefish (Prosopium williamsoni), smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieu), and channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) for Hg. The median Hg concentration of 0.32 mg/kg exceeded the Idaho water-quality criterion at the site in Brownlee Reservoir. Average Hg concentrations from Brownlee Reservoir (0.32 mg/kg) and the Boise River at mouth (0.33 mg/kg) exceeded the Hg RPTE threshold (>0.24 mg/kg). IFCAP action levels also were exceeded at the sites on Brownlee Reservoir and at the mouth of the Boise River. Median Hg concentrations in fish at the remaining four river sites were less than 0.20 mg/kg with average concentrations ranging from 0.14 to 0.21 mg/kg Hg.

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\n

Selenium (Se) analysis also was conducted on one composite fish tissue sample per site to screen for general concentrations and to provide information for future risk assessments. Concentrations of Se ranged from 0.07 to 0.49 mg/kg wet weight; average concentrations were highest in smallmouth bass (0.40 mg/kg) and lowest in mountain whitefish (0.12 mg/kg).

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141099","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the City of Boise","usgsCitation":"MacCoy, D.E., 2014, Mercury concentrations in water, and mercury and selenium concentrations in fish from Brownlee Reservoir and selected sites in Boise and Snake Rivers, Idaho and Oregon, 2013: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1099, iv, 26 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141099.","productDescription":"iv, 26 p.","numberOfPages":"34","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-052783","costCenters":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":287286,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141099.PNG"},{"id":287284,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1099/"},{"id":287285,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1099/pdf/ofr2014-1099.pdf"}],"projection":"Idaho Transverse Mercator","datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","state":"Idaho;Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Boise River;Brownlee Reservoir;Snake River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -117.4013,43.1491 ], [ -117.4013,44.4965 ], [ -115.9634,44.4965 ], [ -115.9634,43.1491 ], [ -117.4013,43.1491 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"537b19d3e4b0929ba496ab3a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"MacCoy, Dorene E. 0000-0001-6810-4728 demaccoy@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6810-4728","contributorId":948,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"MacCoy","given":"Dorene","email":"demaccoy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":493798,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70102317,"text":"ofr20141080 - 2014 - Cruise report for P1-13-LA, U.S. Geological Survey gas hydrates research cruise, R/V Pelican April 18 to May 3, 2013, deepwater Gulf of Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-07T16:35:20","indexId":"ofr20141080","displayToPublicDate":"2014-05-16T16:34:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1080","title":"Cruise report for P1-13-LA, U.S. Geological Survey gas hydrates research cruise, R/V Pelican April 18 to May 3, 2013, deepwater Gulf of Mexico","docAbstract":"

The U.S. Geological Survey led a seismic acquisition cruise in the Gulf of Mexico from April 18 to May 3, 2013, with the objectives of (1) achieving improved imaging and characterization at two established gas hydrate study sites, and (2) refining geophysical methods for gas hydrate characterization in other locations. We conducted this acquisition aboard the R/V Pelican, and used a pair of 105/105-cubic-inch generator/injector air guns to provide seismic energy that we recorded using a 450-meter 72-channel digital hydrophone streamer and 25 multicomponent ocean-bottom seismometers.

\n
\n

In the area of lease block Green Canyon 955, we deployed 21 ocean-bottom seismometers and acquired approximately 400 kilometers of high-resolution two-dimensional streamer seismic data in a grid with line spacing as small as 50 meters and along radial lines that provide source offsets up to 10 kilometers and diverse azimuths for the ocean-bottom seismometers. In the area of lease block Walker Ridge 313, we deployed 25 ocean-bottom seismometers and acquired approximately 450 kilometers of streamer seismic data in a grid pattern with line spacing as small as 250 meters and along radial lines that provide source offsets up to 10 kilometers for the ocean-bottom seismometers. The data acquisition effort was conducted safely and met the scientific objectives.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141080","issn":"2331-1258","collaboration":"The work described in this report was performed in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Energy and the U.S. Bureau of Ocean Energy Management.","usgsCitation":"Haines, S.S., Hart, P.E., Ruppel, C., O'Brien, T., Baldwin, W., White, J., Moore, E., Dal Ferro, P., and Lemmond, P., 2014, Cruise report for P1-13-LA, U.S. Geological Survey gas hydrates research cruise, R/V Pelican April 18 to May 3, 2013, deepwater Gulf of Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1080, v, 33 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141080.","productDescription":"v, 33 p.","numberOfPages":"38","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-052130","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":287271,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1080/"},{"id":287273,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141080.jpg"},{"id":287272,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1080/pdf/ofr2014-1080.pdf"}],"otherGeospatial":"Gulf Of Mexico","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -97.86,18.18 ], [ -97.86,30.4 ], [ -81.04,30.4 ], [ -81.04,18.18 ], [ -97.86,18.18 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53771724e4b02eab8669eb76","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Haines, Seth S. 0000-0003-2611-8165 shaines@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2611-8165","contributorId":1344,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haines","given":"Seth","email":"shaines@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":492945,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hart, Patrick E. 0000-0002-5080-1426 hart@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5080-1426","contributorId":2879,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hart","given":"Patrick","email":"hart@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":492947,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ruppel, Carolyn cruppel@usgs.gov","contributorId":2015,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruppel","given":"Carolyn","email":"cruppel@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":492946,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"O'Brien, Thomas","contributorId":75924,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O'Brien","given":"Thomas","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492953,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Baldwin, Wayne","contributorId":45625,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baldwin","given":"Wayne","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492950,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"White, Jenny","contributorId":33629,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"Jenny","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492949,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Moore, Eric 0000-0002-2732-2654 emoore@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2732-2654","contributorId":5489,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"Eric","email":"emoore@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":492948,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Dal Ferro, Peter pdalferro@usgs.gov","contributorId":5488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dal Ferro","given":"Peter","email":"pdalferro@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":492951,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Lemmond, Peter","contributorId":48877,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lemmond","given":"Peter","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492952,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70103867,"text":"ofr20141094 - 2014 - Bathymetry and acoustic backscatter: outer mainland shelf and slope, Gulf of Santa Catalina, southern California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-05-16T16:30:38","indexId":"ofr20141094","displayToPublicDate":"2014-05-16T16:26:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1094","title":"Bathymetry and acoustic backscatter: outer mainland shelf and slope, Gulf of Santa Catalina, southern California","docAbstract":"In 2010 and 2011, scientists from the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), Coastal and Marine Geology Program, acquired bathymetry and acoustic-backscatter data from the outer shelf and slope region offshore of southern California. The surveys were conducted as part of the USGS Marine Geohazards Program. Assessment of the hazards posed by offshore faults, submarine landslides, and tsunamis are facilitated by accurate and detailed bathymetric data. The surveys were conducted using the USGS R/V Parke Snavely outfitted with a 100-kHz Reson 7111 multibeam-echosounder system. This report provides the bathymetry and backscatter data acquired during these surveys in several formats, a summary of the mapping mission, maps of bathymetry and backscatter, and Federal Geographic Data Committee (FGDC) metadata.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141094","issn":"2331-1258","usgsCitation":"Dartnell, P., Conrad, J.E., Ryan, H., and Finlayson, D.P., 2014, Bathymetry and acoustic backscatter: outer mainland shelf and slope, Gulf of Santa Catalina, southern California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1094, Report: iv, 15 p.; Data catalog; Maps, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141094.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 15 p.; Data catalog; Maps","numberOfPages":"21","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-049524","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":287270,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141094.jpg"},{"id":287266,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1094/"},{"id":287267,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1094/pdf/ofr2014-1094.pdf"},{"id":287268,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1094/datacatalog.html"},{"id":287269,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1094/maps.html"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Gulf Of Santa Catalina","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -118.0,32.5 ], [ -118.0,33.5 ], [ -117.0,33.5 ], [ -117.0,32.5 ], [ -118.0,32.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53771717e4b02eab8669eaff","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dartnell, Peter 0000-0002-9554-729X pdartnell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9554-729X","contributorId":2688,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dartnell","given":"Peter","email":"pdartnell@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":493515,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Conrad, James E. 0000-0001-6655-694X jconrad@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6655-694X","contributorId":2316,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conrad","given":"James","email":"jconrad@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":493514,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ryan, Holly F.","contributorId":67616,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ryan","given":"Holly F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493516,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Finlayson, David P. dfinlayson@usgs.gov","contributorId":1381,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finlayson","given":"David","email":"dfinlayson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":493513,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70093891,"text":"ofr20141025A - 2014 - Earthquake catalog for estimation of maximum earthquake magnitude, Central and Eastern United States: Part A, Prehistoric earthquakes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-05-16T15:15:49","indexId":"ofr20141025A","displayToPublicDate":"2014-05-16T15:10:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1025","chapter":"A","title":"Earthquake catalog for estimation of maximum earthquake magnitude, Central and Eastern United States: Part A, Prehistoric earthquakes","docAbstract":"Computation of probabilistic earthquake hazard requires an estimate of Mmax, the maximum earthquake magnitude thought to be possible within a specified geographic region. This report is Part A of an Open-File Report that describes the construction of a global catalog of moderate to large earthquakes, from which one can estimate Mmax for most of the Central and Eastern United States and adjacent Canada. The catalog and Mmax estimates derived from it were used in the 2014 edition of the U.S. Geological Survey national seismic-hazard maps. This Part A discusses prehistoric earthquakes that occurred in eastern North America, northwestern Europe, and Australia, whereas a separate Part B deals with historical events.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141025A","issn":"2331-1258","usgsCitation":"Wheeler, R.L., 2014, Earthquake catalog for estimation of maximum earthquake magnitude, Central and Eastern United States: Part A, Prehistoric earthquakes: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1025, iv, 26 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141025A.","productDescription":"iv, 26 p.","numberOfPages":"30","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-050768","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":287265,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141025A.jpg"},{"id":287264,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1025/a/pdf/ofr2014-1025.pdf"},{"id":287263,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1025/a/"}],"otherGeospatial":"Australia;Europe;North America","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53771744e4b02eab8669ebc7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wheeler, Russell L. wheeler@usgs.gov","contributorId":858,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wheeler","given":"Russell","email":"wheeler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":490259,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70100242,"text":"ofr20141068 - 2014 - Events affecting gold exploration in Venezuela since 1999","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-05-15T15:22:27","indexId":"ofr20141068","displayToPublicDate":"2014-05-15T15:18:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1068","title":"Events affecting gold exploration in Venezuela since 1999","docAbstract":"The structure of the gold mining industry in Venezuela has changed significantly since 1999 as a result of Government policy changes and industry response to these changes. This report documents the policy decisions that have affected the mining industry, discusses the response of the industry on a site by site basis, and suggests possible effects of these changes on the global economy. For the short term, at least, it appears that these changes have made Venezuela a more difficult place to invest for U.S. and Canadian companies, while investment by Chinese entities has been encouraged.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141068","issn":"2331-1258","usgsCitation":"Wilburn, D.R., 2014, Events affecting gold exploration in Venezuela since 1999: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1068, Report: iii, 7 p.; Table 1, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141068.","productDescription":"Report: iii, 7 p.; Table 1","numberOfPages":"12","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-052223","costCenters":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":287239,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1068/tables/of2014-1068_table1.xls"},{"id":287237,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1068/"},{"id":287238,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1068/pdf/of2014-1068.pdf"},{"id":287240,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141068.jpg"}],"country":"Venezuela","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -73.35,0.65 ], [ -73.35,12.49 ], [ -59.81,12.49 ], [ -59.81,0.65 ], [ -73.35,0.65 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5375d3d2e4b010920bbdecfd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wilburn, David R. 0000-0002-5371-7617 wilburn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5371-7617","contributorId":1755,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilburn","given":"David","email":"wilburn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":492123,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70100427,"text":"ofr20141070 - 2014 - The shallow stratigraphy and sand resources offshore from Cat Island, Mississippi","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-05-15T13:12:24","indexId":"ofr20141070","displayToPublicDate":"2014-05-15T13:08:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1070","title":"The shallow stratigraphy and sand resources offshore from Cat Island, Mississippi","docAbstract":"

In collaboration with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, scientists from the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center collected over 487 line kilometers (> 300 miles) of high-resolution geophysical data around Cat Island, Mississippi, to improve understanding of the island's geologic evolution and identify potential sand resources for coastal restoration. In addition, 40 vibracores were collected on and around the island, generating more than 350 samples for grain-size analysis.

\n
\n

The results indicate that the geologic evolution of Cat Island has been influenced by deltaic, lagoonal/estuarine, tidal, and oceanographic processes, resulting in a stratigraphic record that is quite complex. The region north of the island is dominated by lagoonal/estuarine deposition, whereas the region south of the island is dominated by deltaic and tidal deposition. In general, the veneer of modern sediment surrounding the island is composed of newly deposited sediment and highly reworked relict sediments. The region east of the island shows the interplay of antecedent barrier-island change with delta development despite a significant ravinement of sediments. The data show from little to no modern sediment east of the island, exposing relict sediments at the seafloor.

\n
\n

Finally, the data reveal four subaqueous sand units around the island. Two of the units are northwest of the modern island and one is southwest. Given the dominant, westward, longshore transport along the Mississippi and Alabama barrier islands, the geographic location of these three units suggests that they do not contribute to the modern sediment budget of Cat Island. The last unit is directly east of the island and represents the antecedent island platform that has supplied sand over geologic time for creation of the spits that form the eastern shoreline. Because of its location east of the island, the antecedent island unit may still supply sediment to the island today.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141070","issn":"2331-1258","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","usgsCitation":"Kindinger, J.L., Miselis, J.L., and Buster, N.A., 2014, The shallow stratigraphy and sand resources offshore from Cat Island, Mississippi: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1070, viii, 74 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141070.","productDescription":"viii, 74 p.","numberOfPages":"83","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-052803","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":287234,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141070.jpg"},{"id":287232,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1070/"},{"id":287233,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1070/pdf/ofr2014-1070.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Mississippi","otherGeospatial":"Cat Island","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -89.5,29.5 ], [ -89.5,30.5 ], [ -88.0,30.5 ], [ -88.0,29.5 ], [ -89.5,29.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5375d3d3e4b010920bbded07","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kindinger, Jack L. jkindinger@usgs.gov","contributorId":815,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kindinger","given":"Jack","email":"jkindinger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":492204,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miselis, Jennifer L. 0000-0002-4925-3979 jmiselis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4925-3979","contributorId":3914,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miselis","given":"Jennifer","email":"jmiselis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":492206,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Buster, Noreen A. 0000-0001-5069-9284 nbuster@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5069-9284","contributorId":3750,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buster","given":"Noreen","email":"nbuster@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":492205,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70094632,"text":"ofr20141035 - 2014 - Weekly resolution particulate flux from a sediment trap in the northern Gulf of Mexico, 2008-2012","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-05-15T09:00:25","indexId":"ofr20141035","displayToPublicDate":"2014-05-15T08:47:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1035","title":"Weekly resolution particulate flux from a sediment trap in the northern Gulf of Mexico, 2008-2012","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey anchored a sediment trap in the northern Gulf of Mexico to collect time-series data on sediment flux from 2008 to 2012. There are continuous measurements of total mass flux and organic carbon flux (ogC) at 7–14 day resolution from 2008 to 2012. The flux of calcium carbonate (CaCO3), particulate nitrogen (nitro), and biogenic silica (Opal) were also measured from January-December, 2008. The mass flux ranged from 0.01 g m-2day-1 (grams per square meter per day) to 2.50 g m-2day-1, with a mean mass flux of 0.20 g m -2day-1 over the 5-year study period.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141035","usgsCitation":"Richey, J.N., Reynolds, C.E., Tappa, E., and Thunell, R., 2014, Weekly resolution particulate flux from a sediment trap in the northern Gulf of Mexico, 2008-2012: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1035, iv, 9 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141035.","productDescription":"iv, 9 p.","numberOfPages":"14","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2008-01-01","temporalEnd":"2012-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-053028","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":287209,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141035.jpg"},{"id":287205,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1035/"},{"id":287206,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1035/pdf/ofr2014-1035.pdf"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Gulf Of Mexico","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -90.4,27.4 ], [ -90.4,27.6 ], [ -90.2,27.6 ], [ -90.2,27.4 ], [ -90.4,27.4 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5375d3d4e4b010920bbded0c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Richey, Julie N. 0000-0002-2319-7980 jrichey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2319-7980","contributorId":5182,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richey","given":"Julie","email":"jrichey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":490675,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reynolds, Caitlin E. 0000-0002-1724-3055 creynolds@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1724-3055","contributorId":4049,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reynolds","given":"Caitlin","email":"creynolds@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":490674,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tappa, Eric","contributorId":101226,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tappa","given":"Eric","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":490677,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Thunell, Robert","contributorId":75065,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thunell","given":"Robert","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":490676,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70104526,"text":"ofr20141066 - 2014 - Comparison of three DNA extraction kits to establish maximum yield and quality of coral-associated microbial DNA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-05-15T08:59:28","indexId":"ofr20141066","displayToPublicDate":"2014-05-15T08:44:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1066","title":"Comparison of three DNA extraction kits to establish maximum yield and quality of coral-associated microbial DNA","docAbstract":"Coral microbiology is an expanding field, yet there is no standard DNA extraction protocol. Although many researchers depend on commercial extraction kits, no specific kit has been optimized for use with coral samples. Both soil and plant DNA extraction kits from MO BIO Laboratories, Inc., have been used by many research groups for this purpose. MO BIO recently replaced their PowerPlant® kit with an improved PowerPlantPro kit, but it was unclear how these changes would affect the kit’s use with coral samples. In order to determine which kit produced the best results, we conducted a comparison between the original PowerPlant kit, the new PowerPlantPro kit, and an alternative kit, PowerSoil, using samples from several different coral genera. The PowerPlantPro kit had the highest DNA yields, but the lack of 16S rRNA gene amplification in many samples suggests that much of the yield may be coral DNA rather than microbial DNA. The most consistent positive amplifications came from the PowerSoil kit.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141066","usgsCitation":"Baker, E.J., and Kellogg, C.A., 2014, Comparison of three DNA extraction kits to establish maximum yield and quality of coral-associated microbial DNA: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1066, iii, 14 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141066.","productDescription":"iii, 14 p.","numberOfPages":"17","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-053725","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":287208,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141066.jpg"},{"id":287204,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1066/pdf/ofr2014-1066.pdf"},{"id":287203,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1066/"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 173.0,16.916667 ], [ 173.0,71.833333 ], [ -66.95,71.833333 ], [ -66.95,16.916667 ], [ 173.0,16.916667 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5375d3d0e4b010920bbdecf3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Baker, Erin J.","contributorId":14736,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baker","given":"Erin","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493725,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kellogg, Christina A. 0000-0002-6492-9455 ckellogg@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6492-9455","contributorId":391,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kellogg","given":"Christina","email":"ckellogg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":506,"text":"Office of the AD Ecosystems","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":493724,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70104194,"text":"ofr20141097 - 2014 - Technical implementation plan for the ShakeAlert production system: an Earthquake Early Warning system for the West Coast of the United States","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70104194,"text":"ofr20141097 - 2014 - Technical implementation plan for the ShakeAlert production system: an Earthquake Early Warning system for the West Coast of the United States","indexId":"ofr20141097","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"title":"Technical implementation plan for the ShakeAlert production system: an Earthquake Early Warning system for the West Coast of the United States"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":70199684,"text":"ofr20181155 - 2018 - Revised technical implementation plan for the ShakeAlert system—An earthquake early warning system for the West Coast of the United States","indexId":"ofr20181155","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"title":"Revised technical implementation plan for the ShakeAlert system—An earthquake early warning system for the West Coast of the United States"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":70199684,"text":"ofr20181155 - 2018 - Revised technical implementation plan for the ShakeAlert system—An earthquake early warning system for the West Coast of the United States","indexId":"ofr20181155","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"title":"Revised technical implementation plan for the ShakeAlert system—An earthquake early warning system for the West Coast of the United States"},"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-03T12:40:51","indexId":"ofr20141097","displayToPublicDate":"2014-05-12T19:05:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1097","title":"Technical implementation plan for the ShakeAlert production system: an Earthquake Early Warning system for the West Coast of the United States","docAbstract":"Earthquake Early Warning (EEW) systems can provide as much as tens of seconds of warning to people and automated systems before strong shaking arrives. The United States Geological Survey (USGS) and its partners are developing such an EEW system, called ShakeAlert, for the West Coast of the United States. This document describes the technical implementation of that system, which leverages existing stations and infrastructure of the Advanced National Seismic System (ANSS) regional networks to achieve this new capability. While significant progress has been made in developing the ShakeAlert early warning system, improved robustness of each component of the system and additional testing and certification are needed for the system to be reliable enough to issue public alerts. Major components of the system include dense networks of ground motion sensors, telecommunications from those sensors to central processing systems, algorithms for event detection and alert creation, and distribution systems to alert users. Capital investment costs for a West Coast EEW system are projected to be $38.3M, with additional annual maintenance and operations totaling $16.1M—in addition to current ANSS expenditures for earthquake monitoring. An EEW system is complementary to, but does not replace, other strategies to mitigate earthquake losses. The system has limitations: false and missed alerts are possible, and the area very near to an earthquake epicenter may receive little or no warning. However, such an EEW system would save lives, reduce injuries and damage, and improve community resilience by reducing longer-term economic losses for both public and private entities.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141097","issn":"2331-1258","usgsCitation":"Given, D., Cochran, E.S., Heaton, T., Hauksson, E., Allen, R., Hellweg, P., Vidale, J., and Bodin, P., 2014, Technical implementation plan for the ShakeAlert production system: an Earthquake Early Warning system for the West Coast of the United States: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1097, iv, 25 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141097.","productDescription":"iv, 25 p.","numberOfPages":"31","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-048911","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":287067,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141097.jpg"},{"id":287066,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1097/pdf/ofr2014-1097.pdf"},{"id":287065,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1097/"}],"country":"United States","state":"California;Oregon;Washington","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.32,31.12 ], [ -124.32,48.96 ], [ -108.68,48.96 ], [ -108.68,31.12 ], [ -124.32,31.12 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5371df53e4b08449547883e3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Given, Douglas D. doug@usgs.gov","contributorId":3253,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Given","given":"Douglas D.","email":"doug@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":493628,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cochran, Elizabeth S. 0000-0003-2485-4484 ecochran@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2485-4484","contributorId":2025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cochran","given":"Elizabeth","email":"ecochran@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":493627,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Heaton, Thomas","contributorId":13147,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heaton","given":"Thomas","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493629,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hauksson, Egill","contributorId":48174,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hauksson","given":"Egill","affiliations":[{"id":27150,"text":"Seismological Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":493630,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Allen, Richard","contributorId":86694,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"Richard","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493631,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hellweg, Peggy","contributorId":102389,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hellweg","given":"Peggy","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493633,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Vidale, John","contributorId":95804,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vidale","given":"John","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493632,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Bodin, Paul","contributorId":104142,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bodin","given":"Paul","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493634,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70104153,"text":"ofr20141095 - 2014 - State-and-transition prototype model of riparian vegetation downstream of Glen Canyon Dam, Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-05-12T07:59:24","indexId":"ofr20141095","displayToPublicDate":"2014-05-12T07:37:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1095","title":"State-and-transition prototype model of riparian vegetation downstream of Glen Canyon Dam, Arizona","docAbstract":"Facing an altered riparian plant community dominated by nonnative species, resource managers are increasingly interested in understanding how to manage and promote healthy riparian habitats in which native species dominate. For regulated rivers, managing flows is one tool resource managers consider to achieve these goals. Among many factors that can influence riparian community composition, hydrology is a primary forcing variable. Frame-based models, used successfully in grassland systems, provide an opportunity for stakeholders concerned with riparian systems to evaluate potential riparian vegetation responses to alternative flows. Frame-based, state-and-transition models of riparian vegetation for reattachment bars, separation bars, and the channel margin found on the Colorado River downstream of Glen Canyon Dam were constructed using information from the literature. Frame-based models can be simple spreadsheet models (created in Microsoft® Excel) or developed further with programming languages (for example, C-sharp). The models described here include seven community states and five dam operations that cause transitions between states. Each model divides operations into growing (April–September) and non-growing seasons (October–March) and incorporates upper and lower bar models, using stage elevation as a division. The inputs (operations) can be used by stakeholders to evaluate flows that may promote dynamic riparian vegetation states, or identify those flow options that may promote less desirable states (for example, Tamarisk [Tamarix sp.] temporarily flooded shrubland). This prototype model, although simple, can still elicit discussion about operational options and vegetation response.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141095","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with AMS Consultants","usgsCitation":"Ralston, B., Starfield, A.M., Black, R.S., and Van Lonkhuyzen, R.A., 2014, State-and-transition prototype model of riparian vegetation downstream of Glen Canyon Dam, Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1095, Report: iv, 26 p.; Reattachment bar XLS; Separation bar XLS, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141095.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 26 p.; Reattachment bar XLS; Separation bar XLS","numberOfPages":"30","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-053362","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":287039,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141095.png"},{"id":287034,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1095/"},{"id":287036,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1095/pdf/ofr2014-1095.pdf"},{"id":287037,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1095/downloads/ofr2014-1095_Reattachmentbar.xls"},{"id":287038,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1095/downloads/ofr2014-1095_Separationbar.xls"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona;Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Glen Canyon Dam","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -114.5,35.0 ], [ -114.5,37.5 ], [ -111.0,37.5 ], [ -111.0,35.0 ], [ -114.5,35.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5371df53e4b08449547883de","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ralston, Barbara E.","contributorId":89848,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ralston","given":"Barbara E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493580,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Starfield, Anthony M.","contributorId":17142,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Starfield","given":"Anthony","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493577,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Black, Ronald S.","contributorId":65767,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Black","given":"Ronald","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493579,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Van Lonkhuyzen, Robert A.","contributorId":49705,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Lonkhuyzen","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493578,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70100415,"text":"ofr20141031 - 2014 - Nutrient budgets, marsh inundation under sea-level rise scenarios, and sediment chronologies for the Bass Harbor Marsh estuary at Acadia National Park","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-05-07T09:15:10","indexId":"ofr20141031","displayToPublicDate":"2014-05-07T09:04:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1031","title":"Nutrient budgets, marsh inundation under sea-level rise scenarios, and sediment chronologies for the Bass Harbor Marsh estuary at Acadia National Park","docAbstract":"

Eutrophication in the Bass Harbor Marsh estuary on Mount Desert Island, Maine, is an ongoing problem manifested by recurring annual blooms of green macroalgae species, principally Enteromorpha prolifera and Enteromorpha flexuosa, blooms that appear in the spring and summer. These blooms are unsightly and impair the otherwise natural beauty of this estuarine ecosystem. The macroalgae also threaten the integrity of the estuary and its inherent functions. The U.S. Geological Survey and Acadia National Park have collaborated for several years to better understand the factors related to this eutrophication problem with support from the U.S. Geological Survey and National Park Service Water Quality Assessment and Monitoring Program. The current study involved the collection of hydrologic and water-quality data necessary to investigate the relative contribution of nutrients from oceanic and terrestrial sources during summer 2011 and summer 2012. This report provides data on nutrient budgets for this estuary, sedimentation chronologies for the estuary and fringing marsh, and estuary bathymetry. The report also includes data, based on aerial photographs, on historical changes from 1944 to 2010 in estuary surface area and data, based on surface-elevation details, on changes in marsh area that may accompany sea-level rise.

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The LOADEST regression model was used to calculate nutrient loads into and out of the estuary during summer 2011 and summer 2012. During these summers, tidal inputs of ammonium to the estuary were more than seven times greater than the combined inputs in watershed runoff and precipitation. In 2011 tidal inputs of nitrate were about four times greater than watershed plus precipitation inputs, and in 2012 tidal inputs were only slightly larger than watershed plus precipitation inputs. In 2011, tidal inputs of total organic nitrogen were larger than watershed input by a factor of 1.6. By contrast, in 2012 inputs of total organic nitrogen in watershed runoff were much larger than tidal inputs, by a factor of 3.6. During the 2011 and 2012 summers, tidal inputs of total dissolved phosphorus to the estuary were more than seven times greater than inputs in watershed runoff. It is evident that during the summer tidal inputs of inorganic nitrogen and total dissolved phosphorus to the estuary exceed inputs from watershed runoff and precipitation.

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Projected sea-level rise associated with ongoing climate warming will affect the area of land within the Bass Harbor Marsh estuary watershed that is inundated during conditions of mean higher high water and during mean lower low water and hence will affect the vegetation and marsh area. Given 100-centimeter sea-level rise, the inundated area would increase from 25.7 hectares at the current condition to 77.5 hectares at mean higher high water and from 21.6 hectares to 26.7 hectares at mean lower low water. Given 50-centimeter sea-level rise, flooding of the entire marsh surface, which currently occurs only under the highest spring tides, would occur on average every other day.

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Radioisotope analysis of sediment cores from the estuary indicates that the sediment accumulation rate increased markedly from 1930 to 1980 and was relatively constant (0.4 to 0.5 centimeter per year) from 1980 to 2009. Similarly, from 1980 to 2009 there was a consistently high mass accumulation rate of 0.09 to 0.11 grams per square centimeter per year. The sediment accretion rates determined for the five cores collected from the marsh surface (east and west sides of the estuary) in 2011 show generally higher rates of 0.20 to 0.29 centimeter per year for the period between 1980 to 2011 than for the period before 1980, when sediment accretion rates were 0.06 to 0.25 centimeter per year.

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\n

The data in this report provide resource managers at Acadia National Park with a baseline that can be used to evaluate future conditions within the estuary. Climate change, sea-level rise, and land-use change within the estuary’s watershed may influence nutrient dynamics, sedimentation, and eutrophication, and these potential effects can be studied in relation to the baseline data provided in this report. The Route 102 Bridge in Tremont, Maine is constructed over a sill that controls the amount of tidal flushing by restricting the duration of the flood tide, and structural changes to the bridge could alter tidal nutrient inputs and residence times for watershed and ocean-derived nutrients in the estuary. Ongoing sea-level rise is likely increasing ocean-derived nutrients and their residence time in the estuary on the one hand and decreasing the residence time of watershed-derived nutrients on the other.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141031","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the National Park Service","usgsCitation":"Huntington, T.G., Culbertson, C.W., Fuller, C.C., Glibert, P., and Sturtevant, L., 2014, Nutrient budgets, marsh inundation under sea-level rise scenarios, and sediment chronologies for the Bass Harbor Marsh estuary at Acadia National Park: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1031, xii, 108 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141031.","productDescription":"xii, 108 p.","numberOfPages":"20","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-049630","costCenters":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":286945,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141031.jpg"},{"id":285165,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1031"},{"id":286944,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1031/pdf/ofr2014-1031.pdf"}],"scale":"24000","country":"United States","state":"Maine","otherGeospatial":"Acadia National Park;Bass Harbor Marsh;Mount Desert Island","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -68.375,44.25 ], [ -68.375,44.291667 ], [ -68.333333,44.291667 ], [ -68.333333,44.25 ], [ -68.375,44.25 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"536b47d3e4b0a51a87c4b134","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Huntington, Thomas G. 0000-0002-9427-3530 thunting@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9427-3530","contributorId":1884,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huntington","given":"Thomas","email":"thunting@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":371,"text":"Maine Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":492191,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Culbertson, Charles W. cculbert@usgs.gov","contributorId":1607,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Culbertson","given":"Charles","email":"cculbert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":371,"text":"Maine Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":492189,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fuller, Christopher C. 0000-0002-2354-8074 ccfuller@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2354-8074","contributorId":1831,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fuller","given":"Christopher","email":"ccfuller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":374,"text":"Maryland Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36183,"text":"Hydro-Ecological Interactions Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":492190,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Glibert, Patricia","contributorId":94593,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Glibert","given":"Patricia","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492192,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sturtevant, Luke","contributorId":99893,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sturtevant","given":"Luke","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492193,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70101481,"text":"ofr20141074 - 2014 - Sediment-hosted gold deposits of the world: Database and grade and tonnage models","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-05-26T15:29:00.030413","indexId":"ofr20141074","displayToPublicDate":"2014-05-06T10:06:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1074","title":"Sediment-hosted gold deposits of the world: Database and grade and tonnage models","docAbstract":"All sediment-hosted gold deposits (as a single population) share one characteristic—they all have disseminated micron-sized invisible gold in sedimentary rocks. Sediment-hosted gold deposits are recognized in the Great Basin province of the western United States and in China along with a few recognized deposits in Indonesia, Iran, and Malaysia. Three new grade and tonnage models for sediment-hosted gold deposits are presented in this paper: (1) a general sediment-hosted gold type model, (2) a Carlin subtype model, and (3) a Chinese subtype model. These models are based on grade and tonnage data from a database compilation of 118 sediment-hosted gold deposits including a total of 123 global deposits. The new general grade and tonnage model for sediment-hosted gold deposits (n=118) has a median tonnage of 5.7 million metric tonnes (Mt) and a gold grade of 2.9 grams per tonne (g/t). This new grade and tonnage model is remarkable in that the estimated parameters of the resulting grade and tonnage distributions are comparable to the previous model of Mosier and others (1992). A notable change is in the reporting of silver in more than 10 percent of deposits; moreover, the previous model had not considered deposits in China. From this general grade and tonnage model, two significantly different subtypes of sediment-hosted gold deposits are differentiated: Carlin and Chinese. The Carlin subtype includes 88 deposits in the western United States, Indonesia, Iran, and Malaysia, with median tonnage and grade of 7.1 Mt and 2.0 g/t Au, respectively. The silver grade is 0.78 g/t Ag for the 10th percentile of deposits. The Chinese subtype represents 30 deposits in China, with a median tonnage of 3.9 Mt and medium grade of 4.6 g/t Au. Important differences are recognized in the mineralogy and alteration of the two sediment-hosted gold subtypes such as: increased sulfide minerals in the Chinese subtype and decalcification alteration dominant in the Carlin type. We therefore recommend using the appropriate grade and tonnage model presented in this study for mineral resource assessments depending on the geologic and mineralogical data available for a region. Tonnage and contained gold within the general sediment-hosted gold model are analyzed based on major geologic features such as tectonic setting and magmatic (dikes, sills, and stocks) or amagmatic environment. The results show a significant difference in tonnage and contained gold, with higher median values in deposits spatially associated with igneous rocks, regardless of structural style of the deposit. These results suggest that magmatic environments control mineralization intensity—an important consideration in the regional assessment of prospective areas for sediment-hosted gold deposits.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141074","usgsCitation":"Berger, V.I., Mosier, D.L., Bliss, J.D., and Moring, B.C., 2014, Sediment-hosted gold deposits of the world: Database and grade and tonnage models (Originally posted May 5, 2014; Version 1.1 June 19, 2014): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1074, Report: v, 46 p.; Appendixes 1-6, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141074.","productDescription":"Report: v, 46 p.; Appendixes 1-6","numberOfPages":"51","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-046320","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":417504,"rank":5,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_100014.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":286923,"rank":1,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1074/downloads/ofr2014-1074_appendixes.zip"},{"id":286228,"rank":3,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1074/"},{"id":286924,"rank":4,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141074.GIF"},{"id":286922,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1074/pdf/ofr2014-1074.pdf"}],"edition":"Originally posted May 5, 2014; Version 1.1 June 19, 2014","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5369f652e4b063fb73c0a9f6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Berger, Vladimir I.","contributorId":15246,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berger","given":"Vladimir","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492718,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mosier, Dan L.","contributorId":42593,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mosier","given":"Dan","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492719,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bliss, James D. jbliss@usgs.gov","contributorId":2790,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bliss","given":"James","email":"jbliss@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":492716,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Moring, Barry C. 0000-0001-6797-9258 moring@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6797-9258","contributorId":2794,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moring","given":"Barry","email":"moring@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":492717,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70103370,"text":"ofr20141087 - 2014 - Characterization of potential transport pathways and implications for groundwater management near an anticline in the Central Basin area, Los Angeles County, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-05-05T15:36:05","indexId":"ofr20141087","displayToPublicDate":"2014-05-05T15:11:14","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1087","title":"Characterization of potential transport pathways and implications for groundwater management near an anticline in the Central Basin area, Los Angeles County, California","docAbstract":"The Central Groundwater Basin (Central Basin) of southern Los Angeles County includes ~280 mi2 of the Los Angeles Coastal Plain and serves as the primary source of water for more than two million residents. In the Santa Fe Springs–Whittier–Norwalk area, located in the northeastern part of the basin, several sources of volatile organic compounds have been identified. The volatile organic compunds are thought to have contributed to a large, commingled contaminant plume in groundwater that extends south-southwest downgradient from the Omega Chemical Corporation Superfund Site across folded geologic strata, known as the Santa Fe Springs Anticline. A multifaceted study—that incorporated a three-dimensional sequence-stratigraphic geologic model, two-dimensional groundwater particle-tracking simulations, and new groundwater chemistry data—was conducted to gain insight into the geologic and hydrologic controls on contaminant migration in the study area and to assess the potential for this shallow groundwater contamination to migrate into producing aquifer zones. Conceptual flow models were developed along a flow-parallel cross section based on the modeled stratigraphic architecture, observed geochemistry, and numerical model simulations that generally agree with observed water levels and contaminant distributions. These models predict that contaminants introduced into groundwater at shallow depths near the Omega Chemical Corporation Superfund Site and along the study cross section will likely migrate downgradient to depths intercepted by public supply wells. These conclusions, however, are subject to limitations and simplifications inherent in the modeling approaches used, as well as a significant scarcity of available geologic and hydrogeochemical information at depth and in the downgradient parts of the study area.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141087","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Water Replenishment District of Southern California","usgsCitation":"Ponti, D.J., Wagner, B.J., Land, M., and Landon, M.K., 2014, Characterization of potential transport pathways and implications for groundwater management near an anticline in the Central Basin area, Los Angeles County, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1087, Report: vii, 75 p.; Appendix A: 49 p.; 1 Plate: 28.00 x 19.50 inches; Tables 1,4,7; High resolution figures, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141087.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 75 p.; Appendix A: 49 p.; 1 Plate: 28.00 x 19.50 inches; Tables 1,4,7; High resolution figures","numberOfPages":"84","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-037058","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":286913,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141087.jpg"},{"id":286906,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1087/pdf/ofr2014-1087.pdf"},{"id":286907,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1087/pdf/ofr2014-1087_appendixA.pdf"},{"id":286905,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1087/"},{"id":286909,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1087/downloads/ofr2014-1087_table4.xlsx"},{"id":286908,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1087/downloads/ofr2014-1087_table1.xlsx"},{"id":286910,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1087/downloads/ofr2014-1087_table7.xlsx"},{"id":286911,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1087/downloads/figures/"},{"id":286912,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1087/pdf/ofr2014-1087_plate1.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"Los Angeles County","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -118.5,33.583 ], [ -118.5,34.25 ], [ -117.66,34.25 ], [ -117.66,33.583 ], [ -118.5,33.583 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5368a4d0e4b059f7e82882f5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ponti, Daniel J. 0000-0002-2437-5144 dponti@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2437-5144","contributorId":1020,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ponti","given":"Daniel","email":"dponti@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":493274,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wagner, Brian J. bjwagner@usgs.gov","contributorId":427,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wagner","given":"Brian","email":"bjwagner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":493273,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Land, Michael 0000-0001-5141-0307","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5141-0307","contributorId":56613,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Land","given":"Michael","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493275,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Landon, Matthew K. 0000-0002-5766-0494 landon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5766-0494","contributorId":392,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Landon","given":"Matthew","email":"landon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":493272,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70078397,"text":"ofr20141019 - 2014 - Seismic profile analysis of sediment deposits in Brownlee and Hells Canyon Reservoirs near Cambridge, Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-05-05T10:30:23","indexId":"ofr20141019","displayToPublicDate":"2014-05-05T09:51:29","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1019","title":"Seismic profile analysis of sediment deposits in Brownlee and Hells Canyon Reservoirs near Cambridge, Idaho","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center, in cooperation with the USGS Idaho Water Science Center and the Idaho Power Company, collected high-resolution seismic reflection data in the Brownlee and Hells Canyon Reservoirs, in March of 2013.These reservoirs are located along the Snake River, and were constructed in 1958 (Brownlee) and 1967 (Hells Canyon). The purpose of the survey was to gain a better understanding of sediment accumulation within the reservoirs since their construction. The chirp system used in the survey was an EdgeTech Geo-Star Full Spectrum Sub-Bottom (FSSB) system coupled with an SB-424 towfish with a frequency range of 4 to 24 kHz. Approximately 325 kilometers of chirp data were collected, with water depths ranging from 0-90 meters. These reservoirs are characterized by very steep rock valley walls, very low flow rates, and minimal sediment input into the system. Sediments deposited in the reservoirs are characterized as highly fluid clays. Since the acoustic signal was not able to penetrate the rock substrate, only the thin veneer of these recent deposits were imaged. Results from the seismic survey indicate that throughout both of the Brownlee and Hells Canyon reservoirs the accumulation of sediments ranged from 0 to 2.5 m, with an average of 0.5 m. Areas of above average sediment accumulation may be related to lower slope, longer flooding history, and proximity to fluvial sources.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141019","usgsCitation":"Flocks, J., Kelso, K., Fosness, R., and Welcker, C., 2014, Seismic profile analysis of sediment deposits in Brownlee and Hells Canyon Reservoirs near Cambridge, Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1019, v, 14 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141019.","productDescription":"v, 14 p.","numberOfPages":"19","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-052989","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":286861,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1019/"},{"id":286862,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1019/pdf/ofr2014-1019.pdf"},{"id":286863,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141019.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho;Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Brownlee Reservoirs;Hells Canyon Reservoirs","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -117.25,44.33 ], [ -117.25,45.25 ], [ -116.66,45.25 ], [ -116.66,44.33 ], [ -117.25,44.33 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5368a4d3e4b059f7e8288313","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Flocks, James","contributorId":62266,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flocks","given":"James","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489940,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kelso, Kyle","contributorId":68017,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kelso","given":"Kyle","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489942,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fosness, Ryan","contributorId":76229,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fosness","given":"Ryan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489943,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Welcker, Chris","contributorId":63314,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Welcker","given":"Chris","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489941,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70098087,"text":"ofr20131293 - 2014 - Geodesy- and geology-based slip-rate models for the Western United States (excluding California) national seismic hazard maps","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-05-01T14:01:26","indexId":"ofr20131293","displayToPublicDate":"2014-05-01T13:48:01","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1293","title":"Geodesy- and geology-based slip-rate models for the Western United States (excluding California) national seismic hazard maps","docAbstract":"The 2014 National Seismic Hazard Maps for the conterminous United States incorporate additional uncertainty in fault slip-rate parameter that controls the earthquake-activity rates than was applied in previous versions of the hazard maps. This additional uncertainty is accounted for by new geodesy- and geology-based slip-rate models for the Western United States. Models that were considered include an updated geologic model based on expert opinion and four combined inversion models informed by both geologic and geodetic input. The two block models considered indicate significantly higher slip rates than the expert opinion and the two fault-based combined inversion models. For the hazard maps, we apply 20 percent weight with equal weighting for the two fault-based models. Off-fault geodetic-based models were not considered in this version of the maps. Resulting changes to the hazard maps are generally less than 0.05 g (acceleration of gravity). Future research will improve the maps and interpret differences between the new models.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131293","usgsCitation":"Petersen, M.D., Zeng, Y., Haller, K., McCaffrey, R., Hammond, W.C., Bird, P., Moschetti, M., Shen, Z., Bormann, J., and Thatcher, W., 2014, Geodesy- and geology-based slip-rate models for the Western United States (excluding California) national seismic hazard maps: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1293, vi, 80 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131293.","productDescription":"vi, 80 p.","numberOfPages":"86","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-051654","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":286831,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131293.jpg"},{"id":286828,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1293/"},{"id":286830,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1293/pdf/ofr2013-1293.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona;Colorado;Idaho;Montana;New Mexico;Nevada;Oregon;Utah;Washington;Wyoming","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -125.5,8.333333333333334E-4 ], [ -125.5,0.001388888888888889 ], [ -0.016666666666666666,0.001388888888888889 ], [ -0.016666666666666666,8.333333333333334E-4 ], [ -125.5,8.333333333333334E-4 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53635ed0e4b08180b01424fe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Petersen, Mark D. 0000-0001-8542-3990 mpetersen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8542-3990","contributorId":1163,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Petersen","given":"Mark","email":"mpetersen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":491552,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zeng, Yuehua zeng@usgs.gov","contributorId":1623,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zeng","given":"Yuehua","email":"zeng@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":491554,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Haller, Kathleen M. haller@usgs.gov","contributorId":1331,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haller","given":"Kathleen M.","email":"haller@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":491553,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McCaffrey, Robert","contributorId":51207,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCaffrey","given":"Robert","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491557,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hammond, William C.","contributorId":73735,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hammond","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491559,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bird, Peter","contributorId":78643,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bird","given":"Peter","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491560,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Moschetti, Morgan","contributorId":69479,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moschetti","given":"Morgan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491558,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Shen, Zhengkang","contributorId":31680,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shen","given":"Zhengkang","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491555,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Bormann, Jayne","contributorId":85093,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bormann","given":"Jayne","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491561,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Thatcher, Wayne","contributorId":35325,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thatcher","given":"Wayne","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491556,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":70103033,"text":"ofr20141086 - 2014 - 1964 Great Alaska Earthquake: a photographic tour of Anchorage, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-04-29T12:54:25","indexId":"ofr20141086","displayToPublicDate":"2014-04-29T12:43:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1086","title":"1964 Great Alaska Earthquake: a photographic tour of Anchorage, Alaska","docAbstract":"

On March 27, 1964, at 5:36 p.m., a magnitude 9.2 earthquake, the largest recorded earthquake in U.S. history, struck southcentral Alaska (fig. 1). The Great Alaska Earthquake (also known as the Good Friday Earthquake) occurred at a pivotal time in the history of earth science, and helped lead to the acceptance of plate tectonic theory (Cox, 1973; Brocher and others, 2014). All large subduction zone earthquakes are understood through insights learned from the 1964 event, and observations and interpretations of the earthquake have influenced the design of infrastructure and seismic monitoring systems now in place. The earthquake caused extensive damage across the State, and triggered local tsunamis that devastated the Alaskan towns of Whittier, Valdez, and Seward. In Anchorage, the main cause of damage was ground shaking, which lasted approximately 4.5 minutes. Many buildings could not withstand this motion and were damaged or collapsed even though their foundations remained intact. More significantly, ground shaking triggered a number of landslides along coastal and drainage valley bluffs underlain by the Bootlegger Cove Formation, a composite of facies containing variably mixed gravel, sand, silt, and clay which were deposited over much of upper Cook Inlet during the Late Pleistocene (Ulery and others, 1983). Cyclic (or strain) softening of the more sensitive clay facies caused overlying blocks of soil to slide sideways along surfaces dipping by only a few degrees.

\n
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This guide is the document version of an interactive web map that was created as part of the commemoration events for the 50th anniversary of the 1964 Great Alaska Earthquake. It is accessible at the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Alaska Science Center website: http://alaska.usgs.gov/announcements/news/1964Earthquake/. The website features a map display with suggested tour stops in Anchorage, historical photographs taken shortly after the earthquake, repeat photography of selected sites, scanned documents, and small-scale maps, as well as links to slideshows of additional photographs and Google Street View™ scenes. Buildings in Anchorage that were severely damaged, sites of major landslides, and locations of post-earthquake engineering responses are highlighted. The web map can be used online as a virtual tour or in a physical self-guided tour using a web-enabled Global Positioning System (GPS) device. This publication serves the purpose of committing most of the content of the web map to a single distributable document. As such, some of the content differs from the online version.

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