Paleoseismic and historical earthquake records used to quantify earthquake recurrence rates can also be used to test the likelihood of seismically quiescent periods. At principal paleoseismic sites in California on the San Andreas, San Jacinto, Elsinore, and Hayward faults, no ground‐rupturing earthquake has occurred in the last 100 yr, yet this interval is about three times the average interearthquake period for the ensemble of sites. We examine long paleoseismic records from these faults, as they carry most of the transform fault slip on the plate boundary, to see if the current hiatus has any precedent in the last 1000 yr. The selection of sites is designed to sample fault sections unlikely to have ruptured together, so their conditional probabilities of a hiatus can be combined as independent events. We find a 100‐yr hiatus is not predicted by common time‐dependent or time‐independent recurrence models. Paleoearthquake dating uncertainties can allow long open intervals at individual sites or subsets of sites, but do not explain the observed gap in the ensemble. After approximately removing redundancies in the full paleoearthquake record, the time‐independent probability of the current 100‐yr gap is of order 0.3%. This raises several questions. Do we live in a statistically exceptional time? Or does some wide‐scale effect modulate earthquake occurrence among sites over longer timescales? Finally, how should we understand seismic hazard estimates in California if the recurrence models on which they rely seem, at minimum, incomplete? Whether due to a statistical anomaly, some longer‐term modulation of earthquake occurrence, or another cause, our results emphasize that the hiatus of the last century has been exceptional.
","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0220180244","usgsCitation":"Biasi, G., and Scharer, K., 2019, The current unlikely earthquake hiatus at California’s transform boundary paleoseismic sites: Seismological Research Letters, v. 90, no. 3, p. 1168-1176, https://doi.org/10.1785/0220180244.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"1168","endPage":"1176","ipdsId":"IP-099541","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":377371,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Elsinore Fault, Hayward Fault, San Andreas Fault, San Jacinto Fault","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117.20214843749999,\n 32.509761735919426\n ],\n [\n -115.20263671874999,\n 32.65787573695528\n ],\n [\n -114.67529296874999,\n 32.80574473290688\n ],\n [\n -115.09277343749999,\n 34.19817309627726\n ],\n [\n -118.7841796875,\n 37.68382032669382\n ],\n [\n -120.9375,\n 39.774769485295465\n ],\n [\n -121.6845703125,\n 40.83043687764923\n ],\n [\n -124.5849609375,\n 40.51379915504413\n ],\n [\n -123.99169921875,\n 38.92522904714054\n ],\n [\n -122.78320312499999,\n 36.932330061503144\n ],\n [\n -121.33300781249999,\n 35.08395557927643\n ],\n [\n -120.234375,\n 33.87041555094183\n ],\n [\n -117.20214843749999,\n 32.509761735919426\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"90","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-04-03","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Biasi, Glenn 0000-0003-0940-5488 gbiasi@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0940-5488","contributorId":195946,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Biasi","given":"Glenn","email":"gbiasi@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":795730,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Scharer, Katherine M. 0000-0003-2811-2496","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2811-2496","contributorId":217361,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scharer","given":"Katherine M.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":795731,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70202939,"text":"70202939 - 2019 - Which trees die during drought? The key role of insect host-tree selection","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-08-29T11:36:00","indexId":"70202939","displayToPublicDate":"2019-04-03T12:31:45","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2242,"text":"Journal of Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Which trees die during drought? The key role of insect host-tree selection","docAbstract":"1. During drought, the tree subpopulations (such as size or vigor classes) that suffer disproportionate mortality can be conceptually arrayed along a continuum defined by the actions of biotic agents, particularly insects. At one extreme, stress dominates: insects are absent or simply kill the most physiologically stressed trees. At the opposite extreme, host selection dominates: outbreaking insects kill trees independently of their stress, instead selecting trees based on size or other traits. Intermediate responses are also possible. Yet for mixed-species forests, we lack a broad understanding of the relative importance of insects in determining exactly which subpopulations of trees suffer disproportionate mortality during drought, and whether these subpopulations differ among co-occurring tree species.\n2. During an extreme drought, we documented the roles of native bark beetles in the mortality of five tree species in California’s Sierra Nevada. We analyzed patterns and agents of tree mortality in 12 permanent plots, and patterns of mortality in 89 temporary plots.\n3. Most tree mortality was associated with bark beetles. But the growth rates (an indicator of chronic stress) and sizes of trees that suffered greatest bark-beetle-related mortality differed sharply among tree taxa, variously conforming with domination by stress (Abies concolor), domination by host selection (Pinus lambertiana and P. ponderosa), or a mix of the two (Calocedrus decurrens). Quercus kelloggii mortality remained relatively low. Thus, even during extreme drought substantial proportions of stressed trees survived because they were of sizes that mostly avoided fatal insect attack. Conversely, substantial proportions of comparatively unstressed trees died because they were of sizes that were selectively killed by outbreaking insects.\n4. Synthesis. Native bark beetles were primarily responsible for determining which subpopulations of trees suffered greatest mortality during drought. However, idiosyncratic host-tree selection by the different bark beetle taxa meant that the tree subpopulations suffering greatest mortality differed strikingly among tree taxa – for example, high mortality of small trees of one species, but of large trees of another. If idiosyncratic host-tree selection by biotic mortality agents proves to be a generally common phenomenon, it could help explain weak broad-scale correlations between tree traits and tree mortality during drought.","language":"English","publisher":"British Ecological Society","doi":"10.1111/1365-2745.13176","usgsCitation":"Stephenson, N.L., Das, A., Ampersee, N.J., Bulaon, B.M., and Yee, J.L., 2019, Which trees die during drought? The key role of insect host-tree selection: Journal of Ecology, v. 107, no. 5, p. 2383-2401, https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2745.13176.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"2383","endPage":"2401","ipdsId":"IP-106398","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":467735,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2745.13176","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":437511,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P99RNGXH","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Tree mortality in Sequoia National Park from 2004 to 2007 and during severe drought in 2014 to 2017"},{"id":362836,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"107","issue":"5","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-04-22","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stephenson, Nathan L. 0000-0003-0208-7229 nstephenson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0208-7229","contributorId":2836,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stephenson","given":"Nathan","email":"nstephenson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":760556,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Das, Adrian J. 0000-0002-3937-2616 adas@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3937-2616","contributorId":3842,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Das","given":"Adrian J.","email":"adas@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":760557,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ampersee, Nicholas J. 0000-0002-3950-3110 nampersee@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3950-3110","contributorId":200203,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ampersee","given":"Nicholas","email":"nampersee@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":760558,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bulaon, Beverly M","contributorId":214684,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bulaon","given":"Beverly","email":"","middleInitial":"M","affiliations":[{"id":39106,"text":"USDA Forest Service Forest Health Protection, South Sierra Shared Service Area, Stanislaus National Forest","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":760559,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Yee, Julie L. 0000-0003-1782-157X julie_yee@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1782-157X","contributorId":3246,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yee","given":"Julie","email":"julie_yee@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":760560,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70223239,"text":"70223239 - 2019 - Wetlands and development influence fish diversity in a species-rich small river","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-19T16:58:57.647893","indexId":"70223239","displayToPublicDate":"2019-04-03T11:56:00","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1528,"text":"Environmental Biology of Fishes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Wetlands and development influence fish diversity in a species-rich small river","docAbstract":"We identified in-stream and off-stream characteristics that influenced various species diversity metrics in reaches of the Duck River Basin, Tennessee, USA. This relatively small basin is home to one of the most diverse freshwater fish faunas in North America. In all, over 325,000 native fish representing 136 native fish species were electrofished in 207 collections across 86 stations. Diversity of native species and of seven taxa and functional guilds, including imperiled species, increased with size of the catchment above a station, an effect that was mediated by altitude. After removing the effects of catchment and altitude, diversity was influenced by in-stream factors and mostly by off-stream land composition such as wetlands within 0.1 km from the channel and urban/suburban development within 2.5 km. Pastures next to streams unexpectedly increased diversity. Our analyses suggest that there are detectable hotspots associated with off-stream landscape characteristics where conservation efforts may be focused. Our results may encourage conservation planners to apply geospatial analyses to identify diversity hotspots based on land cover distributions and develop recommendations for management of specific stream reaches. Alternatively, geospatial analysis may be used by planners to estimate the impacts of alternative land-use scenarios, thus preemptively conserving species richness.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Link","doi":"10.1007/s10641-019-00876-5","usgsCitation":"Miranda, L.E., Martinez-Lanfranco, J., and Kilgore, K., 2019, Wetlands and development influence fish diversity in a species-rich small river: Environmental Biology of Fishes, v. 102, p. 873-886, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10641-019-00876-5.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"873","endPage":"886","ipdsId":"IP-100957","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":388173,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Tennessee","otherGeospatial":"Duck River basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -87.0391845703125,\n 35.68407153314097\n ],\n [\n -87.86727905273438,\n 36.07685215551436\n ],\n [\n -87.97164916992188,\n 35.98467385243838\n ],\n [\n -87.88238525390625,\n 35.64502124113391\n ],\n [\n -87.12570190429688,\n 35.62493079773405\n ],\n [\n -87.03369140625,\n 35.68630240145625\n ],\n [\n -87.0391845703125,\n 35.68407153314097\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"102","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-04-03","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miranda, Leandro E. 0000-0002-2138-7924 smiranda@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2138-7924","contributorId":531,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miranda","given":"Leandro","email":"smiranda@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":821492,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Martinez-Lanfranco, J.A.","contributorId":264416,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Martinez-Lanfranco","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":17848,"text":"Mississippi State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":821494,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kilgore, K. J.","contributorId":264415,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kilgore","given":"K. J.","affiliations":[{"id":590,"text":"U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","active":false,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":821493,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70206425,"text":"70206425 - 2019 - Holocene thermokarst lake dynamics in northern Interior Alaska: The interplay of climate, fire, and subsurface hydrology","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-11-05T06:57:24","indexId":"70206425","displayToPublicDate":"2019-04-03T11:32:56","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5232,"text":"Frontiers in Earth Science","onlineIssn":"2296-6463","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Holocene thermokarst lake dynamics in northern Interior Alaska: The interplay of climate, fire, and subsurface hydrology","docAbstract":"The current state of permafrost in Alaska and meaningful expectations for its future evolution are informed by long-term perspectives of previous permafrost degradation. Thermokarst processes in permafrost landscapes often lead to widespread lake formation and the spatial and temporal evolution of thermokarst lake landscapes reflects the combined effects of climate, ground conditions, vegetation, and fire. This study provides detailed analyses of thermokarst lake sediments of Holocene age from the southern loess uplands of the Yukon Flats; including bathymetry and sediment core analyses across a water depth transect. The sediment core results, dated by radiocarbon and 210Pb, indicate the onset of finely laminated lacustrine sedimentation between ~10,000 and 9,000 cal yr BP following basin development through inferred thermokarst processes. Thermokarst expansion to modern shoreline configurations continued until ~5000 cal yr BP, which may have been influenced by increased fire. Between ~5000 and 2000 cal yr BP, the preservation of fine laminations at intermediate and deep-water depths indicate higher lake levels than present. At that time, the lake likely overflowed into an over-deepened gully system that is no longer occupied by perennial streams. By ~2000 cal yr BP, massive sedimentation at intermediate water depths indicates that lake levels lowered, which is interpreted to reflect a response to drier conditions based on correspondence with Yukon Flats regional fire and local paleoclimate reconstructions. Consideration of additional contributing mechanisms include the possible influence of catastrophic lake drainages on downgradient base flow levels that may have enhanced subsurface water loss, although this mechanism is untested. The overall consistency between the millennial lake level trends documented here with regional paleoclimate trends indicates that after lakes formed, their size and depth has likely been affected directly by North Pacific atmospheric circulation changes and indirectly through evolution of permafrost, ground ice and sub-surface hydrology. As the first detailed study of Holocene thermokarst basin expansion, stabilization and subsequent climate-driven lake level variations in a loess upland, results provide a framework for future investigations of paleoclimatic signals from similar lake systems that characterize large regions of Alaska and Siberia.","language":"English","publisher":"Frontiers","doi":"10.3389/feart.2019.00053","usgsCitation":"Anderson, L., Edwards, M.E., Mark D. Shapley, Bruce P. Finney, and Langdon, C., 2019, Holocene thermokarst lake dynamics in northern Interior Alaska: The interplay of climate, fire, and subsurface hydrology: Frontiers in Earth Science, v. 7, p. 1-22, https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2019.00053.","productDescription":"53, 22 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"22","ipdsId":"IP-102292","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":467736,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2019.00053","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":437512,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9O7255D","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Data Release for "Holocene thermokarst lake dynamics in northern Interior Alaska: the interplay of climate, fire, and subsurface hydrology""},{"id":368921,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Habanero pond","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -146.75811767578125,\n 66.07962172153299\n ],\n [\n -146.7121124267578,\n 66.07962172153299\n ],\n [\n -146.7121124267578,\n 66.10772577267431\n ],\n [\n -146.75811767578125,\n 66.10772577267431\n ],\n [\n -146.75811767578125,\n 66.07962172153299\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"7","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-04-03","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Anderson, Lesleigh 0000-0002-5264-089X land@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5264-089X","contributorId":220214,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"Lesleigh","email":"land@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":774501,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Edwards, Mary E.","contributorId":220215,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Edwards","given":"Mary","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":37955,"text":"University of Southampton","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":774502,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mark D. Shapley","contributorId":220216,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mark D. Shapley","affiliations":[{"id":6626,"text":"University of Minnesota","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":774503,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bruce P. Finney","contributorId":220217,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bruce P. Finney","affiliations":[{"id":38154,"text":"Idaho State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":774504,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Langdon, Catherine","contributorId":220218,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Langdon","given":"Catherine","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":37955,"text":"University of Southampton","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":774505,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70203054,"text":"70203054 - 2019 - Environmental and geomorphological changes on the eastern North American Continental Shelf across the Paleocene-Eocene Boundary","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-06-18T11:38:55","indexId":"70203054","displayToPublicDate":"2019-04-03T08:24:18","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5790,"text":"Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Environmental and geomorphological changes on the eastern North American Continental Shelf across the Paleocene-Eocene Boundary","docAbstract":"Foraminiferal evidence from two sites in southern Maryland, eastern United States, reveals a series of rapid ecological changes on the continental shelf during the onset of the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM). Benthic and planktic foraminifer assemblages from the South Dover Bridge (SDB) and Mattawoman Creek-Billingsley Road (MCBR) cores in the central Salisbury Embayment record changing latest Paleocene and earliest Eocene ecological conditions that began prior to the carbon isotope excursion (CIE) that marks the beginning of the PETM. The foraminiferal response reflects increases in productivity first in bottom water and then in the mixed layer, a minor dissolution event, and rising sea-surface temperatures in the latest Paleocene. Relative sea level changes, a sudden change in sedimentary regime, a decrease in bottom water oxygenation, and a downward expansion of the mixed layer occurred across the PETM onset. In the earliest Eocene, foraminiferal assemblages document a gradual shallowing of the thermocline and/or cooling of the surface layer. While SDB assemblages support a rise in sea level across the PETM onset, MCBR assemblages record a drop in sea level interpreted as delta progradation. Transitional carbon isotope values characterizing the nature of the CIE are recorded in these delta sediments. We present an initial bathymetric reconstruction of the Salisbury Embayment showing the physical effects of the CIE onset on shelf morphology and highlight the importance of understanding coastal zone processes when examining shelf sediments.","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2018PA003357","usgsCitation":"Robinson, M.M., and Spivey, W., 2019, Environmental and geomorphological changes on the eastern North American Continental Shelf across the Paleocene-Eocene Boundary: Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology, v. 34, no. 4, p. 715-732, https://doi.org/10.1029/2018PA003357.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"715","endPage":"732","ipdsId":"IP-095858","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":467737,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2018pa003357","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":437513,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P94HDUEE","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Paleocene-Eocene foraminifer census data from South Dover Bridge and Mattawoman Creek-Billingsley Road coreholes"},{"id":362970,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Delaware, Maryland, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Virginia","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -78.57421875,\n 37.97884504049713\n ],\n [\n -73.80615234375,\n 37.97884504049713\n ],\n [\n -73.80615234375,\n 40.29628651711716\n ],\n [\n -78.57421875,\n 40.29628651711716\n ],\n [\n -78.57421875,\n 37.97884504049713\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"34","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-04-30","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robinson, Marci M. 0000-0002-9200-4097 mmrobinson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9200-4097","contributorId":2082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robinson","given":"Marci","email":"mmrobinson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":760962,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Spivey, Whittney 0000-0003-1111-3361 wspivey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1111-3361","contributorId":214849,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spivey","given":"Whittney","email":"wspivey@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":760963,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70203748,"text":"70203748 - 2019 - Changes in breeding population sizes of double-crested Cormorants Phalacrocorax auritus in the Humboldt Bay area, California, 1924–2017","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-06-07T15:37:17","indexId":"70203748","displayToPublicDate":"2019-04-02T15:19:37","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2675,"text":"Marine Ornithology: Journal of Seabird Research and Conservation","onlineIssn":"2074-1235","printIssn":"1018-3337","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Changes in breeding population sizes of double-crested Cormorants Phalacrocorax auritus in the Humboldt Bay area, California, 1924–2017","title":"Changes in breeding population sizes of double-crested Cormorants Phalacrocorax auritus in the Humboldt Bay area, California, 1924–2017","docAbstract":"To better understand recent population growth of the Double-crested Cormorant Phalacrocorax auritus along the Pacific coast of North America, we assessed long-term breeding population trends in the Humboldt Bay area, California, using aerial photographic survey data collected since 1989 as well as available prior data. The earliest documentations of breeding (but without nest counts) are from 1924, 1943, and 1947 on the outer coast near Trinidad, and from 1959 in Humboldt Bay at Old Arcata Wharf. The breeding population increased from 188 nests (376 breeding birds) at one colony in 1961 to ~ 350 nests (700 breeding birds) at four colonies by 1980, and then to peaks of nearly 1,700 nests (3,400 breeding birds) in 1997 and 2004 at eight colonies. Breeding was documented at 13 coastal colonies through 2017. The population increased 100% (9 % per annum) from 1989 to 1997, decreased during the strong 1998 El Niño, and rebounded by 2004. After
the 2004 peak, three years of available data indicated slight population decline. For the entire 1989–2017 period, the population increased by 91% (2% per annum). Artificial habitats in Humboldt Bay allowed most of the population growth, especially Teal Island, which was colonized in 1993 and became the largest colony in all but one year thereafter. Nest totals on the outer coast decreased, likely because of movements to the Humboldt Bay colonies, which are closer to main foraging areas, and because of competition for nesting space with Common Murres Uria aalge at one colony (False Cape Rocks). Future growth of the population in the Humboldt Bay area appears limited by the availability of disturbance-free breeding habitat. Declines may occur if artificial habitats are lost.
This chapter highlights the major consistencies and differences that are evident in the anatomy and physiology of those fish most likely to be encountered by the veterinarian or biologist working in the realm of aquatic animal health. It describes teleost fish, members of the infraclass Teleostei that includes bony fish with protrusible upper jaws, as these represent the majority of species commonly encountered in clinical or research settings. The chapter provides the more commonly encountered non-teleost fish including other bony fish like lungfish, sturgeons, and gars as well as the elasmobranchs. There are a number of external anatomical landmarks that are well conserved among fish. Fish may be subdivided into three anatomical regions: head, body, and tail. Sensory organs may figure prominently among the external anatomy of fish. A unique hallmark of the skin of many fish is their coloration, resultant from the pigment cells, or chromatophores, contained in the dermis.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Fish diseases and medicine","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"CRC Press","doi":"10.1201/9780429195259","usgsCitation":"Densmore, C., 2019, Anatomical physiology of fishes, chap. 1 of Fish diseases and medicine, p. 1-26, https://doi.org/10.1201/9780429195259.","productDescription":"26 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"26","ipdsId":"IP-098636","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":467738,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://media.obvsg.at/AC15390036-1001","text":"External Repository"},{"id":366603,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":10,"text":"Baltimore PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-04-02","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Densmore, Christine L. 0000-0001-6440-0781","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6440-0781","contributorId":204739,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Densmore","given":"Christine L.","affiliations":[{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":768461,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70204115,"text":"70204115 - 2019 - Disentangling effects of invasive species and habitat while accounting for observer error in a long-term amphibian study","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-07-08T09:57:18","indexId":"70204115","displayToPublicDate":"2019-04-02T09:51:03","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1475,"text":"Ecosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Disentangling effects of invasive species and habitat while accounting for observer error in a long-term amphibian study","docAbstract":"The invasive American bullfrog (Lithobates catesbeianus) and a variety of non‐native sport fish commonly co‐occur in lowland lentic habitats of the western United States. Both invasive taxa are implicated in declines of native amphibians in this region, but few long‐term studies of communities exist. Further, field studies of invasive–native interactions are complicated by confounding habitat modifications and observation errors. We surveyed amphibians and measured habitat characteristics for 12 yr across 38 wetland sites within the Willamette Valley, Oregon, USA. We assessed the influence of invasive species, habitat, and their interactions on the distributions of five native amphibian species using a multispecies dynamic occupancy model that accounted for false‐negative and false‐positive detections. In general, habitat characteristics—such as within‐pond vegetation cover, surrounding forest, and drought severity—were important for local persistence of native species when bullfrogs co‐occurred. We also found evidence of a cumulative negative effect of bullfrogs and non‐native fish (families Centrarchidae and Ictaluridae) on northern red‐legged frog (Rana aurora) local persistence that was mediated by the dominance of invasive reed canarygrass (Phalaris arundinacea). Non‐native fish and bullfrogs had variable effects on native amphibian species, but neither invasive taxon appears to be causing declines in occupied sites within our study area. Moreover, species relationships with habitat differed when invaders were present, indicating that certain habitats may increase persistence of native amphibians in the invaded landscape.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/ecs2.2674","usgsCitation":"Rowe, J., Duarte, A., Pearl, C., McCreary, B., Galvan, S., Peterson, J.T., and Adams, M.J., 2019, Disentangling effects of invasive species and habitat while accounting for observer error in a long-term amphibian study: Ecosphere, v. 10, no. 4, e02674, 22 p., https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.2674.","productDescription":"e02674, 22 p.","ipdsId":"IP-098966","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":460417,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.2674","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":365327,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Willamette Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123.431396484375,\n 44.15856343854312\n ],\n [\n -122.7447509765625,\n 44.15856343854312\n ],\n [\n -122.7447509765625,\n 45.41002023463975\n ],\n [\n -123.431396484375,\n 45.41002023463975\n ],\n [\n -123.431396484375,\n 44.15856343854312\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"10","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-04-02","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rowe, Jennifer 0000-0002-5253-2223 jrowe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5253-2223","contributorId":172670,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rowe","given":"Jennifer","email":"jrowe@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":765576,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Duarte, Adam","contributorId":28492,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Duarte","given":"Adam","affiliations":[{"id":6960,"text":"Department of Biology, Texas State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":765577,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pearl, Christopher 0000-0003-2943-7321 christopher_pearl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2943-7321","contributorId":172669,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pearl","given":"Christopher","email":"christopher_pearl@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":765578,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McCreary, Brome 0000-0002-0313-7796 brome_mccreary@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0313-7796","contributorId":3130,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCreary","given":"Brome","email":"brome_mccreary@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":765579,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Galvan, Stephanie 0000-0002-9864-3674 stephanie_galvan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9864-3674","contributorId":3135,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Galvan","given":"Stephanie","email":"stephanie_galvan@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":765580,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Peterson, James T. 0000-0002-7709-8590","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7709-8590","contributorId":204948,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Peterson","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":765581,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Adams, Michael J. 0000-0001-8844-042X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8844-042X","contributorId":211916,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adams","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":765582,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70202847,"text":"ds1112 - 2019 - Terrestrial lidar data of the February 14, 2019 Sausalito Boulevard Landslide, Sausalito, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-04-05T14:46:46","indexId":"ds1112","displayToPublicDate":"2019-04-02T08:23:34","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1112","displayTitle":"Terrestrial Lidar Data of the February 14, 2019, Sausalito Boulevard Landslide, Sausalito, California","title":"Terrestrial lidar data of the February 14, 2019 Sausalito Boulevard Landslide, Sausalito, California","docAbstract":"On February 14, 2019, just before 2:56 am local time (Pacific Standard Time), a landslide initiated from the hillslopes above the Hurricane Gulch section of the City of Sausalito, Marin County, California. The landslide, specifically classified as a debris flow, overran a road (Sausalito Boulevard) immediately below the landslide source area and impacted a residential structure that subsequently toppled downslope and collided with another residential structure. The second structure then crossed a lower road (Crescent Avenue) that runs along the base of the slope before the mixture of soil and structural debris came to rest in and near the valley axis that drains the lower area of Hurricane Gulch.
The U.S. Geological Survey responded to this event within hours of the landslide and provided situational awareness of possible secondary landslide hazards associated with the unstable slope. The USGS also rapidly mobilized its topographic surveying capabilities (specifically, GPS and terrestrial lidar devices) and collected a three-dimensional point cloud model of the landslide source area and surrounding terrain to capture the as-failed condition of the slope for use in potential future studies. This report summarizes the methods and available data collected during this response.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds1112","usgsCitation":"Collins, B.D. and Corbett, S.C., 2019. Terrestrial lidar data of the February 14, 2019 Sausalito Boulevard Landslide, Sausalito, California: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 1112, 12 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ds1112.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 12 p.; Data Release","numberOfPages":"19","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-106637","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":362641,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9AQRCTJ","text":"USGS data release","description":"USGS Data Release","linkHelpText":"Terrestrial LIDAR Data Set of the February 14, 2019 Sausalito Boulevard Landslide, Sausalito, California"},{"id":362639,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/1112/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":362640,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/1112/ds1112_.pdf","text":"Report","size":"34.2 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"DS 1112"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"Sausalito","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.5074291229248,\n 37.87376937332855\n ],\n [\n -122.50828742980956,\n 37.86299605572604\n ],\n [\n -122.48854637145995,\n 37.84422368363511\n ],\n [\n -122.47670173645018,\n 37.84564702731293\n ],\n [\n -122.47756004333496,\n 37.859540129644195\n ],\n [\n -122.50288009643553,\n 37.87715688349197\n ],\n [\n -122.5074291229248,\n 37.87376937332855\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, & Geophysics Science Center—Menlo Park
U.S. Geological Survey
345 Middlefield Road
Menlo Park, CA 94025-3591
Earthquake swarms present a challenge for operational earthquake forecasting because they are driven primarily by transient external processes, such as fluid flow, the behavior and duration of which are difficult to predict. In this study, we develop a swarm duration model to estimate how long a swarm is likely to last based on actuarial statistics of previous swarms in a given region. We demonstrate this approach using swarms that have been identified in the Salton trough in southern California, finding that swarms last an average of
Situated in the Mississippi Alluvial Plain of the Gulf Coast Prairie Landscape Conservation Cooperative (GCP LCC), the Chitimacha Tribe is one of four federally recognized tribes in Louisiana. The Tribal seat, trust lands/ reservation, and adjacent Tribal owned lands are located near Charenton, Louisiana, totaling nearly 1,000 acres. The Chitimacha, with a population of approximately 1,400 people, are currently impacted by storm surge, which is expected to increase with climate change. The additional stress from storms will likewise increase the vulnerability to catastrophic impact in the event of a breach in the Atchafalaya Basin Spillway levee. A collaborative effort between the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and the Chitimacha Tribe has been initiated to provide resources and expertise to increase the Tribe’s ability to prevent, plan, and prepare for these environmental challenges. By enhancing technical skills, providing access to environmental data, and increasing awareness of environmental issues, the Chitimacha will be better prepared to plan and adapt to the environmental impacts facing their lands related to land use and climate change.
For this project, USGS researchers asked how Chitimacha Tribal Lands might be impacted by future sea level rise scenario projections. These models illustrate some flooding within the northernmost boundary of Chitimacha Tribal Lands.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20191030","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with The Chitimacha Tribe of Louisiana; Gulf Coast Prairie Landscape Conservation Cooperative","usgsCitation":"Spear, K.A., Jones, W., Griffith, K., Tirpak, B.E., and Walden, K., 2019, Potential sea level rise on Chitimacha Tribal Lands in Louisiana: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2019–1030, 1 sheet, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20191030.","productDescription":"1 Sheet: 24.0 x 36.0 inches","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-090045","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":362386,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2019/1030/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":362387,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2019/1030/ofr20191030.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.88 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2019–1030"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","otherGeospatial":"Chitimacha Tribal Lands","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -91.5833,\n 29.8167\n ],\n [\n -91.5,\n 29.8167\n ],\n [\n -91.5,\n 29.9167\n ],\n [\n -91.5833,\n 29.9167\n ],\n [\n -91.5833,\n 29.8167\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Wetland and Aquatic Research Center
U.S. Geological Survey
700 Cajundome Blvd.
Lafayette, LA 70506
Plant sexual reproduction is an important driver of plant community maintenance, dispersal, and recovery from disturbance. Despite this, sexual reproduction in habitats dominated by clonally spreading perennial species, such as salt marshes, is often ignored. Communities dominated by long-lived perennial species can still depend on sexual reproduction for recolonizing large disturbed patches or for establishing in new patches, such as restored sites. We investigated the influence of restoration and elevation on flowering phenology, potential seed and seedling production, and insect flower damage of the dominant salt marsh grass, Spartina alterniflora, in reference and restored marshes in southeastern Louisiana, USA. We additionally tested whether elevation gradients or soil parameters could explain differences in sexual reproduction between sites. We demonstrate that sediment-slurry amendment restoration may not affect flowering phenology or insect flower damage at ecologically relevant levels, but that restoration activity increases sexual reproductive output at the patch scale. Restoration activity affected reproductive dynamics more often than changes in elevation alone. Restoration of subsiding salt marsh habitat by altering the soil environment may increase sexual reproductive capacity of these wetlands.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s12237-019-00552-y","usgsCitation":"Jones, S.F., Yando, E.S., Stagg, C., Hall, C., and Hester, M.W., 2019, Restoration affects sexual reproductive capacity in a salt marsh: Estuaries and Coasts, v. 42, no. 4, p. 976-986, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12237-019-00552-y.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"976","endPage":"986","ipdsId":"IP-102063","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":437515,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9HQDP8O","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Salt marsh phenology and sexual reproductive characteristics at reference and restored sites in Louisiana, USA (2016)"},{"id":367155,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -90.2914810180664,\n 29.081976235725563\n ],\n [\n -90.15106201171875,\n 29.081976235725563\n ],\n [\n -90.15106201171875,\n 29.220200985541016\n ],\n [\n -90.2914810180664,\n 29.220200985541016\n ],\n [\n -90.2914810180664,\n 29.081976235725563\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"42","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-04-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jones, Scott F. 0000-0002-1056-3785","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1056-3785","contributorId":152041,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"Scott","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":18863,"text":"University of Louisiana, Lafayette, LA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":true,"id":770087,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Yando, Erik S.","contributorId":127788,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Yando","given":"Erik","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":7155,"text":"University of Louisiana at Lafayette","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":770088,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stagg, Camille 0000-0002-1125-7253","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1125-7253","contributorId":206064,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stagg","given":"Camille","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":770089,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hall, Courtney T. 0000-0003-0990-5212","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0990-5212","contributorId":176330,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hall","given":"Courtney T.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":770090,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hester, Mark W.","contributorId":9566,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hester","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":770091,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70202886,"text":"70202886 - 2019 - Bioavailable iron production in airborne mineral dust: Controls by chemical composition and solar flux","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-04-03T13:34:45","indexId":"70202886","displayToPublicDate":"2019-04-01T15:44:18","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":924,"text":"Atmospheric Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Bioavailable iron production in airborne mineral dust: Controls by chemical composition and solar flux","docAbstract":"A large part of oceanic biological production is limited by the scarcity of dissolved iron. Mineral dust aerosol, processed under acidic atmospheric conditions, is the primary natural source of bioavailable iron to oceanic life. However, synergistic and antagonistic effects of non-Fe-containing minerals on atmospheric processing of Fe-containing minerals and Fe solubilization are poorly understood. The current study focuses on mineralogical influences of non-Fe-bearing semiconductor minerals, such as titanium dioxide (TiO2), on the dissolution of iron in selected natural mineral dust aerosols under atmospherically relevant conditions. Further, the role of elevated Ti concentrations in dust is evaluated using magnetite, a proxy for Fe(II) containing minerals, under both dark and light conditions. Our results highlight that relatively higher Ti:Fe ratios, regardless of their total Fe content, enhances the total iron dissolution in mineral dust aerosols as well as in magnetite. Moreover, elevated Ti percentages also yield high Fe(II) fractions in mineral dust systems under dark conditions. Upon irradiation however, dissolved Fe(II) is suppressed by high Ti levels due to the involvement of photochemical redox cycling reactions with hydroxyl radicals (•OH). These synergistic and antagonistic effects of Ti are further evaluated by altering the chemical composition of natural dusts with artificially added anatase (TiO2) and synthetic amorphous titania. The current study reveals important mineralogical controls by non-Fe-bearing minerals on dust iron dissolution to better understand global iron mobilization.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosenv.2019.02.037","usgsCitation":"Hettiarachchi, E., Reynolds, R.L., Goldstein, H.L., Moskowitz, B.M., and Rubasinghege, G., 2019, Bioavailable iron production in airborne mineral dust: Controls by chemical composition and solar flux: Atmospheric Environment, v. 205, p. 90-102, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2019.02.037.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"90","endPage":"102","ipdsId":"IP-096481","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":467739,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2019.02.037","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":362666,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"205","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hettiarachchi, Eshani","contributorId":209918,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hettiarachchi","given":"Eshani","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":34868,"text":"New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":760396,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reynolds, Richard L. 0000-0002-4572-2942 rreynolds@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4572-2942","contributorId":147880,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reynolds","given":"Richard","email":"rreynolds@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":271,"text":"Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":760397,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Goldstein, Harland L. 0000-0002-6092-8818 hgoldstein@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6092-8818","contributorId":147881,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldstein","given":"Harland","email":"hgoldstein@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":760395,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Moskowitz, Bruce M.","contributorId":191599,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Moskowitz","given":"Bruce","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":760398,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Rubasinghege, Gayan","contributorId":209919,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rubasinghege","given":"Gayan","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":34868,"text":"New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":760399,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70202882,"text":"70202882 - 2019 - Functional variation at an expressed MHC class IIß locus associates with Ranavirus infection intensity in larval anuran populations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-04-02T15:43:13","indexId":"70202882","displayToPublicDate":"2019-04-01T15:32:36","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1974,"text":"Immunogenetics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Functional variation at an expressed MHC class IIß locus associates with Ranavirus infection intensity in larval anuran populations","title":"Functional variation at an expressed MHC class IIß locus associates with Ranavirus infection intensity in larval anuran populations","docAbstract":"Infectious diseases are causing catastrophic losses to biodiversity globally. Iridoviruses in the genus Ranavirus are among the leading causes of amphibian disease-related mortality. Polymorphisms in major histocompatibility complex (MHC) genes are significantly associated with variation in amphibian susceptibility to pathogens. MHC genes encode diverse cell-surface molecules that can recognize and bind to a wide array of pathogen peptides, and are divided into two classes. While MHC class I genes are the classic mediators of viral acquired immunity, larval amphibians do not express them. However, MHC class II gene diversity may be an important predictor of Ranavirus susceptibility in larval amphibians, the life stage most susceptible to Ranavirus. We surveyed natural populations of larval wood frogs (Lithobates sylvaticus), which are highly susceptible to Ranavirus, across 17 ponds and two years in Maryland, USA. We sequenced the peptide-binding region of an expressed MHC class IIß locus and assessed allelic and genetic diversity. We converted alleles to functional supertypes and determined if physiochemical properties of peptide-binding regions influenced host responses to Ranavirus. Among 334 sampled individuals, 26% were infected with Ranavirus, and among infected individuals the average intensity was 7.12 x 107 virus copies. We recovered 20 unique MHC class IIß alleles that fell into two deeply diverged clades and seven functional supertypes. Variation in MHC supertypes were associated with Ranavirus infection intensity, but not prevalence. MHC supertype heterozygotes and individuals with the MHC supertype genotype ST1/ST7 had significantly lower Ranavirus infection intensity compared to homozygotes and all other genotypes. We conclude that MHC class IIß functional genetic variation is an important component of Ranavirus susceptibility. Identifying immune system gene signatures linked to variation in disease susceptibility can inform mitigation strategies for combatting global amphibian declines.","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00251-019-01104-1","usgsCitation":"Savage, A.E., Muletz-Wolz, C.R., Campbell Grant, E.H., Fleischer, R.C., and Mulder , K., 2019, Functional variation at an expressed MHC class IIß locus associates with Ranavirus infection intensity in larval anuran populations: Immunogenetics, v. 17, no. 4, p. 335-346, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00251-019-01104-1.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"335","endPage":"346","ipdsId":"IP-102923","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":362665,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"17","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":10,"text":"Baltimore PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-02-13","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Savage, Anna E.","contributorId":214607,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Savage","given":"Anna","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":24567,"text":"UCF","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":760375,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Muletz-Wolz, Carly R.","contributorId":214608,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Muletz-Wolz","given":"Carly","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":36858,"text":"Smithsonian","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":760376,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Campbell Grant, Evan H. 0000-0003-4401-6496 ehgrant@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4401-6496","contributorId":150443,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Campbell Grant","given":"Evan","email":"ehgrant@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":760374,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fleischer, Robert C.","contributorId":127479,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fleischer","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":7035,"text":"Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological Park","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":760377,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mulder , Kevin P.","contributorId":214609,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mulder ","given":"Kevin P.","affiliations":[{"id":36858,"text":"Smithsonian","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":760378,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70211841,"text":"70211841 - 2019 - Spatial capture–recapture for categorically marked populations with an application to genetic capture–recapture","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-08-07T20:31:50.047018","indexId":"70211841","displayToPublicDate":"2019-04-01T15:26:48","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1475,"text":"Ecosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spatial capture–recapture for categorically marked populations with an application to genetic capture–recapture","docAbstract":"Recently introduced unmarked spatial capture–recapture (SCR), spatial mark–resight (SMR), and 2‐flank spatial partial identity models (SPIMs) extend the domain of SCR to populations or observation systems that do not always allow for individual identity to be determined with certainty. For example, some species do not have natural marks that can reliably produce individual identities from photographs, and some methods of observation produce partial identity samples as is the case with remote cameras that sometimes produce single‐flank photographs. Unmarked SCR, SMR, and SPIM share the feature that they probabilistically resolve the uncertainty in individual identity using the spatial location where samples were collected. Spatial location is informative of individual identity in spatially structured populations because a sample is more likely to have been produced by an individual living near the trap where it was recorded than an individual living further away from the trap. Further, the level of information about individual identity that a spatial location contains is related to two key ecological concepts, population density and home range size, which we quantify using a proposed Identity Diversity Index (IDI). We show that latent and partial identity SCR models produce imprecise and biased density estimates in many high IDI scenarios when data are sparse. We then extend the unmarked SCR model to incorporate categorical, partially identifying covariates, which reduce the level of uncertainty in individual identity, increasing the reliability and precision of density estimates, and allowing reliable density estimation in scenarios with higher IDI values and with more sparse data. We illustrate the performance of this “categorical SPIM” via simulations and by applying it to a black bear data set using microsatellite loci as categorical covariates, where we reproduce the full data set estimates with only slightly less precision using fewer loci than necessary for confident individual identification. We then discuss how the categorical SPIM can be applied to other wildlife sampling scenarios such as remote camera surveys, where natural or researcher‐applied partial marks can be observed in photographs. Finally, we discuss how the categorical SPIM can be added to SMR, 2‐flank SPIM, or other latent identity SCR models.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1002/ecs2.2627","usgsCitation":"Augustine, B., Royle, J.A., Murphy, S.M., Chandler, R.B., Cox, J., and Kelly, M., 2019, Spatial capture–recapture for categorically marked populations with an application to genetic capture–recapture: Ecosphere, v. 10, no. 4, e02627, 22 p., https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.2627.","productDescription":"e02627, 22 p.","ipdsId":"IP-095923","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":467740,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.2627","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":377199,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"10","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Augustine, Ben C.","contributorId":237797,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Augustine","given":"Ben C.","affiliations":[{"id":38081,"text":"Cornell Univ.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":795329,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Royle, J. Andrew 0000-0003-3135-2167 aroyle@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3135-2167","contributorId":139626,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Royle","given":"J.","email":"aroyle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Andrew","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":795331,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Murphy, Sean M.","contributorId":140195,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Murphy","given":"Sean","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":12425,"text":"University of Kentucky","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":795330,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Chandler, Richard B. rchandler@usgs.gov","contributorId":63524,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chandler","given":"Richard","email":"rchandler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":795332,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Cox, John J.","contributorId":140196,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cox","given":"John J.","affiliations":[{"id":12425,"text":"University of Kentucky","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":795334,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kelly, Marcella","contributorId":237800,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kelly","given":"Marcella","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12694,"text":"Virginia Tech","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":795333,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70204687,"text":"70204687 - 2019 - Quaternary eolian sediments and Carolina Bays of the U.S. Atlantic Coastal Plain province","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-08-08T15:01:05","indexId":"70204687","displayToPublicDate":"2019-04-01T14:57:01","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":18,"text":"Abstract or summary"},"title":"Quaternary eolian sediments and Carolina Bays of the U.S. Atlantic Coastal Plain province","docAbstract":"Under modern conditions, the Atlantic Coastal Plain province of the eastern United States is not very conducive to widespread eolian sediment mobilization because of a humid and mesothermal climate, relatively low mean surface wind velocities (~1–3 m/sec), and relatively dense vegetation. LiDAR data, however, have revealed the presence of widespread eolian dunes and sand sheets (now covered by vegetation) at many inland locations throughout the U.S. Atlantic Coastal Plain (Swezey, in press). To date, a total of 89 OSL ages ranging from ~92–5 thousand years ago (ka) have been published from these eolian sediments, and 61 of these 89 OSL ages occur within or near the interval of the last glacial maximum (LGM). \nQuaternary eolian sediments have been identified in the following four inland settings of the U.S. Atlantic Coastal Plain: (1) on interfluvial upland areas of the northern coastal plain; (2) in the Carolina Sandhills region; (3) within river valleys; and (4) adjacent to low relief elliptical depressions known as Carolina Bays. Most of these eolian sediments are composed of fine to medium quartz sand, although a substantial component of silt is present in the northern coastal plain, and a substantial component of coarse sand is present in the Carolina Sandhills region. \nThe eolian sediments in interfluvial upland areas of the northern coastal plain (Delaware, Maryland) form both sand sheets and parabolic dunes (with dune tails pointing to the northwest). These eolian sediments in the northern upland areas were probably remobilized from any loose sediments that were available in the area, and the location near the southern margin of the LGM ice sheet is similar to extensive Quaternary eolian sand and loess deposits in Europe, China, and the central United States. \nThe eolian sediments in the Carolina Sandhills region form mostly sand sheets and some linear dunes of relatively short extent. These eolian sediments are thought to have been derived from sand of the immediately underlying Cretaceous fluvial strata. \nThe eolian sediments within river valleys form parabolic dunes that are located to the east of the modern river channels. The tails of these eolian dunes within river valleys point northwest in the northern coastal plain (Delaware, Maryland) and they point west in the southern coastal plain (North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia). These eolian sediments within river valleys are thought to have been derived from fluvial sand in the nearby river channels. \n\tThe eolian sediments associated with Carolina Bays form arcuate ridges on the east and south sides of the depressions (“bays”). Some Carolina Bays show cross-cutting relations with other Carolina Bays. Other Carolina Bays show different stratigraphic relations with respect to eolian dunes within river valleys. For example, Bear Swamp (Marion County, South Carolina) is a Carolina Bay that is inset into (i.e., younger than) eolian dunes in the valley of the Great Pee Dee River. As another example, Big Bay (Sumter County, South Carolina) is a Carolina Bay that is overlain by (i.e., older than) eolian dunes in the valley at the confluence of the Congaree and Wateree Rivers. Cores in Carolina Bays and their associated ridges reveal a few meters of sand and (or) muddy sand above an unconformity on various older fine-grained substrates that do not show signs of disturbance. Most published OSL ages from Carolina Bay sand ridges range from ~45–8 ka. Some bays have multiple sand ridges, and ridges closer to individual bays yield younger OSL ages. \nIn summary, Quaternary eolian sediments are widespread throughout the U.S. Atlantic Coastal Plain province, and most of these sediments are thought to have been mobilized within or near the interval of the LGM when conditions were much colder, drier, and windier. These eolian sediments are thus interpreted as relict features that have subsequently been stabilized and degraded by vegetation and pedoge","language":"English","publisher":"Minnesota Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Swezey, C.S., 2019, Quaternary eolian sediments and Carolina Bays of the U.S. Atlantic Coastal Plain province, p. 88-89.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"88","endPage":"89","ipdsId":"IP-105444","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":366424,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":366412,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://conservancy.umn.edu/handle/11299/202386"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina, South Carolina 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Carolina\",\"nation\":\"USA \"}}]}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Swezey, Christopher S. 0000-0003-4019-9264 cswezey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4019-9264","contributorId":173033,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swezey","given":"Christopher","email":"cswezey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":768071,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70202914,"text":"70202914 - 2019 - Living with wildfire in Montezuma County, Colorado: 2015 data report","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-04-08T15:27:02","indexId":"70202914","displayToPublicDate":"2019-04-01T14:38:57","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":72,"text":"Research Note","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"RMRS-RN-81","title":"Living with wildfire in Montezuma County, Colorado: 2015 data report","docAbstract":"Residents in the wildland-urban interface (WUI) can play an important role in reducing wildfire’s negative effects by performing wildfire risk mitigation on their property. This report offers insight into the wildfire risk mitigation activities and related considerations, such as attitudes, experiences, and concern about wildfire, for people with homes in select communities in Montezuma County, Colorado. Data come from a social survey and parcel-level rapid wildfire risk assessments administered by FireWise of Southwest Colorado. Results are presented both in graphical form and as detailed summary statistics (in appendices). As we recognize that results from similar surveys and assessments in other communities may differ, these linked datasets contribute to a broader effort to understand decisions about wildfire risk mitigation on private property. Results can facilitate long-term monitoring, management, and educational practices concerning the mitigation of wildfire risk in WUI communities.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station","usgsCitation":"Brenkert-Smith, H., Meldrum, J., Wilson, P., Champ, P.A., Barth, C.M., and Boag, A., 2019, Living with wildfire in Montezuma County, Colorado: 2015 data report: Research Note RMRS-RN-81, 36 p.","productDescription":"36 p.","ipdsId":"IP-089132","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":362845,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":362674,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/pubs/57793"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","county":"Montezuma County","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brenkert-Smith, Hannah 0000-0001-6117-8863","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6117-8863","contributorId":195485,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brenkert-Smith","given":"Hannah","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":760433,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Meldrum, James R. 0000-0001-5250-3759 jmeldrum@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5250-3759","contributorId":195484,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meldrum","given":"James","email":"jmeldrum@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":760432,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wilson, Pamela","contributorId":210656,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wilson","given":"Pamela","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":38126,"text":"FireWise of Southwest Colorado","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":760434,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Champ, Patricia A.","contributorId":195486,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Champ","given":"Patricia","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":760435,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Barth, Christopher M.","contributorId":195487,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Barth","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":760436,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Boag, Angela","contributorId":214493,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Boag","given":"Angela","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36621,"text":"University of Colorado","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":760437,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70204660,"text":"70204660 - 2019 - Individual based modelling of fish migration in a 2-D river system: Model description and case study","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-08-09T10:27:26","indexId":"70204660","displayToPublicDate":"2019-04-01T14:32:32","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2602,"text":"Landscape Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Individual based modelling of fish migration in a 2-D river system: Model description and case study","docAbstract":"Context: Diadromous fish populations in the Pacific Northwest face challenges along their migratory routes from declining habitat quality, harvest, and barriers to longitudinal connectivity. These stressors complicate the prioritization of proposed management actions intended to improve conditions for migratory fishes including anadromous salmon and trout.\n\nObjectives: We describe a multi-scale hybrid mechanistic–probabilistic simulation model linking migration corridor conditions to fish fitness outcomes. We demonstrate the model’s utility using a case study of salmon and steelhead adults in the Columbia River migration corridor exposed to spatially- and temporally-varying stressors.\n\nMethods: The migration corridor simulation model is based on a behavioral decision tree that governs individual interactions with the environment, and an energetic submodel that estimates the hourly costs of migration. Emergent properties of the migration corridor simulation model include passage time, energy use, and survival.\n\nResults: We observed that the simulated fish’s initial energy density, the migration corridor temperatures they experienced, and their history of behavioral thermoregulation were the primary determinants of their fitness outcomes. Insights gained from use of the model might be exploited to identify management interventions that increase successful migration outcomes.\n\nConclusions: This paper describes new methods that extend the suite of tools available to aquatic biologists and conservation practitioners. We have developed a 2-dimensional spatially-explicit behavioral and physiological model and illustrated how it can be used to simulate fish migration within a river system. Our model can be used to evaluate trade-offs between behavioral thermoregulation and fish fitness at population scales.","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10980-019-00804-z","usgsCitation":"Snyder, M.N., Schumaker, N.H., Ebersole, J., Dunham, J.B., Comeleo, R., Keefer, M., Leinenbach, P., Brookes, A., Cope, B., Wu, J., Palmer, J., and Keenan, D., 2019, Individual based modelling of fish migration in a 2-D river system: Model description and case study: Landscape Ecology, v. 34, no. 4, p. 737-754, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10980-019-00804-z.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"737","endPage":"754","ipdsId":"IP-106277","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":467741,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7788051","text":"External Repository"},{"id":366419,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"34","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-03-28","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Snyder, Marcia N. 0000-0003-2202-2668","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2202-2668","contributorId":217972,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Snyder","given":"Marcia","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":13529,"text":"US Environmental Protection Agency","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":767950,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schumaker, Nathan H.","contributorId":199151,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schumaker","given":"Nathan","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":6914,"text":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":767951,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ebersole, Joseph E","contributorId":217973,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ebersole","given":"Joseph E","affiliations":[{"id":13529,"text":"US Environmental Protection Agency","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":767952,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dunham, Jason B. 0000-0002-6268-0633 jdunham@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6268-0633","contributorId":147808,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dunham","given":"Jason","email":"jdunham@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":767953,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Comeleo, Randy","contributorId":217974,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Comeleo","given":"Randy","affiliations":[{"id":13529,"text":"US Environmental Protection Agency","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":767954,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Keefer, Matthew","contributorId":217975,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Keefer","given":"Matthew","affiliations":[{"id":36394,"text":"University of Idaho","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":767955,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Leinenbach, P.T.","contributorId":217976,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Leinenbach","given":"P.T.","affiliations":[{"id":13529,"text":"US Environmental Protection Agency","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":767956,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Brookes, Allen","contributorId":217977,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brookes","given":"Allen","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13529,"text":"US Environmental Protection Agency","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":767957,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Cope, Ben","contributorId":217978,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cope","given":"Ben","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13529,"text":"US Environmental Protection Agency","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":767958,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Wu, Jennifer","contributorId":217979,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wu","given":"Jennifer","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13529,"text":"US Environmental Protection Agency","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":767959,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Palmer, John","contributorId":217980,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Palmer","given":"John","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13529,"text":"US Environmental Protection Agency","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":767960,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Keenan, Druscilla","contributorId":217981,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Keenan","given":"Druscilla","affiliations":[{"id":13529,"text":"US Environmental Protection Agency","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":767961,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}} ,{"id":70203084,"text":"70203084 - 2019 - Early career climate communications and networking","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-07-27T19:03:54.947508","indexId":"70203084","displayToPublicDate":"2019-04-01T14:07:29","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":18,"text":"Abstract or summary"},"title":"Early career climate communications and networking","docAbstract":"The Department of the Interior and the U.S. Geological Survey have made it a priority to train the next generation of scientists and resource managers. The Climate Adaptation Science Centers (CSC) and consortium institutions are working to contribute to this initiative by supporting and building a network of students across the U.S. interested in the climate sciences and climate adaptation. The purpose of this project was to support the development of a national early career communication platform to facilitate and increase information sharing and networking across the CASCs and consortium institutions. This was accomplished by working with the Early Career Climate Forum (ECCF), a CASC-supported science network dedicated to improving research practice through communication and collaboration. Project goals included the redesign and expansion of a pilot website that was originally developed by early career scientists in attendance of the 2012 Northwest Climate Science Bootcamp as well as adding services such as a regular blog, email list-serve, database of members, training modules for CASC retreats and bootcamps, all directed towards the advancement of early career scientists in the field of climate change science and adaptation.","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Ezra Markowitz, and Staudinger, M., 2019, Early career climate communications and networking, 19 p.","productDescription":"19 p.","ipdsId":"IP-107130","costCenters":[{"id":41705,"text":"Northeast Climate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":363907,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":363906,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://necsc.umass.edu/sites/default/files/Final%20Report%20-Early%20Career%20Climate%20Communications%20and%20Networking.pdf"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ezra Markowitz","contributorId":214892,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ezra Markowitz","affiliations":[{"id":34616,"text":"University of Massachusetts Amherst","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":761096,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Staudinger, Michelle D. 0000-0002-4535-2005","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4535-2005","contributorId":207908,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Staudinger","given":"Michelle D.","affiliations":[{"id":411,"text":"National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5080,"text":"Northeast Climate Adaptation Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":484,"text":"Northwest Climate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":761095,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70201729,"text":"70201729 - 2019 - Mini-columns and ghost columns in Columbia river lava","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-06-13T11:12:48","indexId":"70201729","displayToPublicDate":"2019-04-01T13:52:49","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mini-columns and ghost columns in Columbia river lava","docAbstract":"The master joints bounding the columns that make up the basal colonnade of large lava flows of the Columbia Plateau are, in places, flanked by sub-horizontal mini-columns that have grown normal to the master joints. The secondary mini-columns grow into the main columns and are clearly younger than them. They are small adjacent to the master joint, but merge together and thicken away from the fracture toward the master column interior. Commonly the mini-columns are one-half meter in length and 2–12 cm in diameter. Where the horizontal mini-columns grow longer they intersect toward the middle of the master joints. This plexus of joints changes the aspect of the original master columns making them almost unrecognizable producing ghost columns. The basalt flow may acquire an entablature-like appearance where the ghost column outlines disappear due to extensive secondary fracturing. At the time that the hot flow center had cooled sufficiently below the brittle-plastic transformation, the primary vertical basal colonnade joints growing up from the bottom connected with those in the upper colonnade growing down. This allowed steam trapped beneath the flow to be released to the surface and ushered in a change from a conduction-cooling regime to a convection-cooling regime. The steam beneath the flow was formed and sustained by heat from the lava that boiled the groundwater in the underlying substrate. Large volumes of the rising steam was on average much cooler than the hot fractures in the flow interior through which it passed, causing contraction of the master column walls to produce the secondary horizontal mini-columns. The presence of mini-columns indicates emplacement of lava over moist ground and are absent where the lavas advanced across arid areas or flowed over recently-erupted lava. The extreme shattering that forms ghost columns by late stage convective cooling can produce a flow layer of considerable thickness, a layer that can later serve as an aquifer with high porosity and permeability.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2019.01.015","usgsCitation":"Moore, J.G., 2019, Mini-columns and ghost columns in Columbia river lava: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 374, p. 242-251, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2019.01.015.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"242","endPage":"251","ipdsId":"IP-093155","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":467742,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2019.01.015","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":360755,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"374","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c5022c1e4b0708288f7e7d0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moore, James G. 0000-0002-7543-2401 jmoore@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7543-2401","contributorId":2892,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"James","email":"jmoore@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":755040,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70203376,"text":"70203376 - 2019 - Energetic costs of aquatic locomotion in a subadult polar bear","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-09T13:53:06","indexId":"70203376","displayToPublicDate":"2019-04-01T13:48:58","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2671,"text":"Marine Mammal Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Energetic costs of aquatic locomotion in a subadult polar bear","docAbstract":"Most marine mammals rely on swimming as their primary form of locomotion. These animals have evolved specialized morphologies, physiologies, and behaviors that have enabled them to efficiently move through an aquatic environment (Williams 1999). Such adaptations include body streamlining, modified plantar surfaces for propulsion, and abilities to remain submerged for extended durations (Williams 1989). As a result of these adaptations, many marine mammal species exhibit minimal increases in metabolism at routine swim speeds relative to resting rates (Williams et al. 1992, 2017; Yazdi et al. 1999). Contrary to most marine mammals, polar bears (Ursus maritimus) rely on walking as their primary form of locomotion. As a consequence, they exhibit little evidence of body streamlining or abilities to remain submerged for extended durations. The longest dive recorded for a polar bear is 3 min and 10 s (Stirling and van Meurs 2015), a relatively brief period compared to other marine mammals (Ponganis 2015). Nevertheless, polar bears do exhibit large forepaws (DeMaster and Stirling 1981), lower and flatter heads (Slater et al. 2010), and more dense forelimb bones (Wall 1983) relative to other bear species, potentially as adaptations for swimming. Polar bears further exhibit some distinct physiological and behavioral adaptations from other bear species likely as a consequence of their marine existence (Pagano et al. 2018a).
","language":"English","publisher":"Society for Marine Mammalogy","doi":"10.1111/mms.12556","usgsCitation":"Pagano, A.M., Cutting, A., Nicassio-Hiskey, N., Hash, A., and Williams, T.M., 2019, Energetic costs of aquatic locomotion in a subadult polar bear: Marine Mammal Science, v. 35, no. 2, p. 649-659, https://doi.org/10.1111/mms.12556.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"649","endPage":"659","ipdsId":"IP-098029","costCenters":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":437516,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P98IQWT4","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Measures of oxygen consumption and stroke frequency of a captive subadult polar bear (Ursus maritimus) while resting in water and swimming and diving in a metabolic water flume, Oregon Zoo, 2017"},{"id":363649,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","volume":"35","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pagano, Anthony M. 0000-0003-2176-0909 apagano@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2176-0909","contributorId":3884,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pagano","given":"Anthony","email":"apagano@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":762382,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cutting, Amy","contributorId":200751,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cutting","given":"Amy","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":762383,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nicassio-Hiskey, Nicole","contributorId":150616,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nicassio-Hiskey","given":"Nicole","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":18050,"text":"Oregon Zoo","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":762384,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hash, Amy","contributorId":200755,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hash","given":"Amy","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":762385,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Williams, Terrie M.","contributorId":191735,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Williams","given":"Terrie","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":762386,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70203001,"text":"70203001 - 2019 - Relative prediction intervals reveal larger uncertainty in 3D approaches to predictive digital soil mapping of soil properties with legacy data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-04-11T13:46:12","indexId":"70203001","displayToPublicDate":"2019-04-01T13:45:11","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1760,"text":"Geoderma","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Relative prediction intervals reveal larger uncertainty in 3D approaches to predictive digital soil mapping of soil properties with legacy data","docAbstract":"Fine scale maps of soil properties enable efficient land management and inform earth system models. Recent efforts to create soil property maps from field observations tend to use similar tree-based machine learning interpolation approaches, but often deal with depth of predictions, validation, and uncertainty differently. One of the main differences in approaches is whether to model individual depths of interest separately as ‘2D’ models, or to create models that incorporate depth as a predictor variable creating a ‘3D’ model that can make pre-dictions for all depths. It is unclear how choice of 2D or 3D approach influences model accuracy and uncertainty due to lack of direct comparison and inconsistent presentation of results in past studies. This study compares 2D and 3D methods for mapping soil electrical conductivity (salinity), pH, sum of fine and very fine sands, and organic carbon at 30 m resolution for the upper 432,000 km 2 of the Colorado River Watershed of the United States of America. A new, simple, model-agnostic relative prediction interval (RPI) approach to report un-certainty is presented that scales prediction interval width to the 95% interquantile width of the original training sample distribution. The RPI approach enables direct comparison of uncertainty between properties and depths and is easily interpretable by end users. Results indicate that 3D mapping of soil properties with strong variation with depth can result in substantial areas with much higher uncertainty that coincide with unrealistic predictions relative to 2D models, even though 3D models had slightly better global cross-validation scores. Maps and global model summaries of RPI proved helpful in identifying these issues with 3D models. These results suggest that the use of RPI or similar approaches to evaluate models can identify accuracy problems not evident in global va-lidation diagnostics.","language":"English","publisher":"ELsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.geoderma.2019.03.037","usgsCitation":"Nauman, T., and Duniway, M.C., 2019, Relative prediction intervals reveal larger uncertainty in 3D approaches to predictive digital soil mapping of soil properties with legacy data: Geoderma, v. 347, p. 170-184, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2019.03.037.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"170","endPage":"184","ipdsId":"IP-102589","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":467743,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2019.03.037","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":437517,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9YBAKC2","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Predictive maps of 2D and 3D surface soil properties and associated uncertainty for the Upper Colorado River Basin, USA"},{"id":362917,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"347","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nauman, Travis","contributorId":214769,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nauman","given":"Travis","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":760737,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Duniway, Michael C. 0000-0002-9643-2785 mduniway@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9643-2785","contributorId":4212,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duniway","given":"Michael","email":"mduniway@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":760738,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70202936,"text":"70202936 - 2019 - Using the value of information to improve conservation decision making","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-04-08T15:25:35","indexId":"70202936","displayToPublicDate":"2019-04-01T13:41:29","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1023,"text":"Biological Reviews","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Using the value of information to improve conservation decision making","docAbstract":"Conservation decisions are challenging, not only because they often involve difficult conflicts among outcomes that people value, but because our understanding of the natural world and our effects on it is fraught with uncertainty. Value of Information (VoI) methods provide an approach for understanding and managing uncertainty from the standpoint of the decision maker. These methods are commonly used in other fields (e.g., economics, public health) and are increasingly used in biodiversity conservation. This decision analytical approach can identify the best management alternative to select where the effectiveness of interventions is uncertain, and can help to decide when to act and when to delay action until after further research. We review the use of VoI in the environmental domain, reflect on the need for greater uptake of VoI, particularly for strategic conservation planning, and suggest promising areas for new research. We also suggest common reporting standards as a means of increasing the leverage of this powerful tool.\n\nThe environmental science, ecology and biodiversity categories of the Web of Knowledge were searched using the terms ‘Value of Information,’ ‘Expected Value of Perfect Information,’ and the abbreviation ‘EVPI.’ Google Scholar was searched with the same terms, and additionally the terms decision and biology, biodiversity conservation, fish, or ecology. We identified 1225 papers from these searches. Included studies were limited to those that show an application of VoI in biodiversity conservation rather than simply describing the method. All examples of use of VOI were summarised regarding the application of VoI, the management objectives, the uncertainties, models used, how the objectives were measured, and the type of VoI.\n\nWhile the use of VoI appears to be on the increase in biodiversity conservation, the reporting of results is highly variable, which can make it difficult to understand the decision context and which uncertainties were considered. Moreover, it was unclear if, and how, the papers informed management and policy interventions, which is why we suggest a range of reporting standards that would aid the use of VoI.\n\nThe use of VoI in conservation settings is at an early stage. There are opportunities for broader applications, not only for species-focussed management problems, but also for setting local or global research priorities for biodiversity conservation, making funding decisions, or designing or improving protected area networks and management. The long-term benefits of applying VoI methods to biodiversity conservation include a more structured and decision-focused allocation of resources to research.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/brv.12471","usgsCitation":"Bolam, F.C., Grainger, M.J., Mengerson, K.L., Stewart, G.B., Sutherland, W.J., Runge, M.C., and McGowan, P., 2019, Using the value of information to improve conservation decision making: Biological Reviews, v. 94, no. 2, p. 629-647, https://doi.org/10.1111/brv.12471.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"629","endPage":"647","ipdsId":"IP-092321","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":467744,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/286798","text":"External Repository"},{"id":362842,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"94","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":10,"text":"Baltimore PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-10-02","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bolam, Friederike C.","contributorId":214679,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bolam","given":"Friederike","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":33636,"text":"Newcastle University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":760545,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Grainger, Matthew J.","contributorId":214680,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Grainger","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":33636,"text":"Newcastle University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":760546,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mengerson, Kerrie L.","contributorId":214681,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mengerson","given":"Kerrie","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":37600,"text":"Queensland University of Technology","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":760547,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stewart, Gavin B.","contributorId":214682,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stewart","given":"Gavin","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":33636,"text":"Newcastle University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":760548,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sutherland, William J.","contributorId":204319,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sutherland","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":36918,"text":"Conservation Science Group, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3QZ, UK","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":760549,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Runge, Michael C. 0000-0002-8081-536X mrunge@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8081-536X","contributorId":3358,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Runge","given":"Michael","email":"mrunge@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":760544,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"McGowan, Philip J. K.","contributorId":214683,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McGowan","given":"Philip J. K.","affiliations":[{"id":33636,"text":"Newcastle University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":760550,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70203349,"text":"70203349 - 2019 - Microbial associations of four species of algal symbiont-bearing Foraminifers from the Florida Reef Tract, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-15T21:42:41.279558","indexId":"70203349","displayToPublicDate":"2019-04-01T13:09:30","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2294,"text":"Journal of Foraminiferal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Microbial associations of four species of algal symbiont-bearing Foraminifers from the Florida Reef Tract, USA","docAbstract":"While microbiome research is a rapidly expanding field of study, relatively little is known of the microbiomes associated with Foraminifera. This preliminary study investigated microbes associated with four species of Foraminifera, representing two taxonomic orders, which host three kinds of algal endosymbionts. A major objective was to explore potential influences on the microbiome composition, including phylogenetic relatedness among the host species, similarities in algal symbionts hosted, and environmental conditions from which the specimens were collected. Samples examined from two locations along the middle Florida Keys reef tract included 45 foraminiferal specimens and four environmental samples. Bacterial DNA extraction from individual specimens was followed by amplification and amplicon sequencing of the V4 variable region of the 16S rRNA gene; results were obtained from 21 specimens.
The Order Miliolida, Family Soritidae, was represented by 5–8 specimens of each of three species: Archaias angulatus and Cyclorbiculina compressa, which both host chlorophyte symbionts, and Sorites orbiculus, which hosts dinoflagellate symbionts. Three Ar. angulatus specimens from which the microbiome was successfully sequenced shared 177 OTUs. Six C. compressa specimens successfully sequenced shared 58 OTUs, of which 31 were also shared by the three specimens of Ar. angulatus. Four successfully sequenced S. orbiculus specimens shared 717 unique OTUs. The 13 soritid specimens shared 26 OTUs, 23 of which represented Proteobacteria, predominantly of the bacterial family Rhodobacteraceae.
The fourth foraminiferal species, Amphistegina gibbosa (Order Rotaliida) hosts diatom endosymbionts. Bacterial DNA extraction was attempted on 16 Am. gibbosa, including both normal-appearing and partly-bleached specimens. Only six OTUs, four of which represented Proteobacteria, were found in all eight specimens successfully sequenced. The partly bleached specimens shared nearly twice as many unique microbial OTUs (32) as the normal-appearing specimens (19). All Am. gibbosa specimens shared only four microbial OTUs with the soritid species, three of which may have been contaminants, indicating minimal commonality between the microbiomes of Am. gibbosa and the soritid taxa.
","language":"English","publisher":"Cushman Foundation for Foraminiferal Research","doi":"10.2113/gsjfr.49.2.178","usgsCitation":"Martin, M.M., Kellogg, C.A., and Hallock, P., 2019, Microbial associations of four species of algal symbiont-bearing Foraminifers from the Florida Reef Tract, USA: Journal of Foraminiferal Research, v. 49, no. 2, p. 178-190, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsjfr.49.2.178.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"178","endPage":"190","ipdsId":"IP-097807","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":363561,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -83.04290771484374,\n 24.492147541216028\n ],\n [\n -80.15625,\n 24.492147541216028\n ],\n [\n -80.15625,\n 25.535006795752302\n ],\n [\n -83.04290771484374,\n 25.535006795752302\n ],\n [\n -83.04290771484374,\n 24.492147541216028\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"49","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Martin, Makenna M.","contributorId":215415,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Martin","given":"Makenna","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":39241,"text":"College of Marine Science, University of South Florida","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":762267,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kellogg, Christina A. 0000-0002-6492-9455 ckellogg@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6492-9455","contributorId":391,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kellogg","given":"Christina","email":"ckellogg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":506,"text":"Office of the AD Ecosystems","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":762266,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hallock, Pamela 0000-0002-1813-0482","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1813-0482","contributorId":215416,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hallock","given":"Pamela","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":39241,"text":"College of Marine Science, University of South Florida","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":762268,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70202948,"text":"70202948 - 2019 - The contribution of road-based citizen science to the conservation of pond-breeding amphibians","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-04-08T15:24:14","indexId":"70202948","displayToPublicDate":"2019-04-01T12:15:19","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2163,"text":"Journal of Applied Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The contribution of road-based citizen science to the conservation of pond-breeding amphibians","docAbstract":"Roadside amphibian citizen science (CS) programmes bring together volunteers focused on collecting scientific data while working to mitigate population declines by reducing road mortality of pond‐breeding amphibians. Despite the international popularity of these movement‐based, roadside conservation efforts (i.e. “big nights,” “bucket brigades” and “toad patrols”), direct benefits to conservation have rarely been quantified or evaluated.
As a case study, we used a population simulation approach to evaluate how volunteer intensity, frequency and distribution influence three conservation outcomes (minimum population size, population growth rate and years to extinction) of the spotted salamander (Ambystoma maculatum), often a focal pond‐breeding amphibian of CS and conservation programmes in the United States.
Sensitivity analysis supported the expectation that spotted salamander populations were primarily recruitment‐driven. Thus, conservation outcomes were highest when volunteers focused on metamorph outmigration as opposed to adult in‐migration—contrary to the typical timing of such volunteer events.
Almost every volunteer strategy resulted in increased conservation outcomes compared to a no‐volunteer strategy. Specifically, volunteer frequency during metamorph migration increased outcomes more than the same increases in volunteer effort during adult migration. Small population sizes resulted in a negligible effect of volunteer intensity. Volunteers during the first adult in‐migration had a relatively small effect compared to most other strategies.
Synthesis and applications. Although citizen science (CS)‐focused conservation actions could directly benefit declining populations, additional conservation measures are needed to halt or reverse local amphibian declines. This study demonstrates a need to evaluate the effectiveness of focusing CS mitigation efforts on the metamorph stage, as opposed to the adult stage. This may be challenging, compared to other management actions such as road‐crossing infrastructure. Current amphibian CS programmes will be challenged to balance implementing evidence‐based conservation measures on the most limiting life stage, while retaining social and community benefits for volunteers.