Three sets of effects-based sediment-quality guidelines (SQGs) were evaluated to support the selection of sediment-quality benchmarks for assessing risks to benthic invertebrates in the Calcasieu Estuary, Louisiana. These SQGs included probable effect concentrations (PECs), effects range median values (ERMs), and logistic regression model (LRMs)-based T50 values. The results of this investigation indicate that all three sets of SQGs tend to underestimate sediment toxicity in the Calcasieu Estuary (i.e., relative to the national data sets), as evaluated using the results of 10-day toxicity tests with the amphipod, Hyalella azteca, or Ampelisca abdita, and 28-day whole-sediment toxicity tests with the H. azteca. These results emphasize the importance of deriving site-specific toxicity thresholds for assessing risks to benthic invertebrates.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00244-010-9637-8","usgsCitation":"MacDonald, D.D., Ingersoll, C.G., Smorong, D., Sinclair, J., Lindskoog, R., Wang, N., Severn, C., Gouguet, R., Meyer, J., and Field, J., 2011, Baseline ecological risk assessment of the Calcasieu Estuary, Louisiana: Part 2. An evaluation of the predictive ability of effects-based sediment-quality guidelines: Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 61, no. 1, p. 14-28, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00244-010-9637-8.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"14","endPage":"28","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34983,"text":"Contaminant Biology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":371405,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana ","otherGeospatial":"Calcasieu 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\"}}]}","volume":"61","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-03-26","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"MacDonald, Donald D.","contributorId":176179,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"MacDonald","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":779856,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ingersoll, Christopher G. 0000-0003-4531-5949 cingersoll@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4531-5949","contributorId":2071,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ingersoll","given":"Christopher","email":"cingersoll@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":779857,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smorong, Dawn","contributorId":120128,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smorong","given":"Dawn","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":779858,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sinclair, Jesse A.","contributorId":66967,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sinclair","given":"Jesse A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":779859,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lindskoog, Rebekka","contributorId":27321,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lindskoog","given":"Rebekka","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":779860,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Wang, Ning 0000-0002-2846-3352 nwang@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2846-3352","contributorId":2818,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wang","given":"Ning","email":"nwang@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":779861,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Severn, Corrine","contributorId":40080,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Severn","given":"Corrine","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":779862,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Gouguet, Ron","contributorId":103777,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gouguet","given":"Ron","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":779863,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Meyer, John","contributorId":36265,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyer","given":"John","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":779864,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Field, Jay","contributorId":80963,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Field","given":"Jay","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":779865,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":99129,"text":"sir20115025 - 2011 - Three-dimensional geologic model of the southeastern Espanola Basin, Santa Fe County, New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:57","indexId":"sir20115025","displayToPublicDate":"2011-03-26T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-5025","title":"Three-dimensional geologic model of the southeastern Espanola Basin, Santa Fe County, New Mexico","docAbstract":"This multimedia model and report show and describe digital three-dimensional faulted surfaces and volumes of lithologic units that confine and constrain the basin-fill aquifers within the Espanola Basin of north-central New Mexico. These aquifers are the primary groundwater resource for the cities of Santa Fe and Espanola, six Pueblo nations, and the surrounding areas. The model presented in this report is a synthesis of geologic information that includes (1) aeromagnetic and gravity data and seismic cross sections; (2) lithologic descriptions, interpretations, and geophysical logs from selected drill holes; (3) geologic maps, geologic cross sections, and interpretations; and (4) mapped faults and interpreted faults from geophysical data. Modeled faults individually or collectively affect the continuity of the rocks that contain the basin aquifers; they also help define the form of this rift basin. Structure, trend, and dip data not previously published were added; these structures are derived from interpretations of geophysical information and recent field observations. Where possible, data were compared and validated and reflect the complex relations of structures in this part of the Rio Grande rift.\r\n\r\nThis interactive geologic framework model can be used as a tool to visually explore and study geologic structures within the Espanola Basin, to show the connectivity of geologic units of high and low permeability between and across faults, and to show approximate dips of the lithologic units. The viewing software can be used to display other data and information, such as drill-hole data, within this geologic framework model in three-dimensional space.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20115025","usgsCitation":"Pantea, M.P., Hudson, M., Grauch, V.J., and Minor, S.A., 2011, Three-dimensional geologic model of the southeastern Espanola Basin, Santa Fe County, New Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5025, iii, 18 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20115025.","productDescription":"iii, 18 p.","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":308,"text":"Geology and Environmental Change Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116200,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2011_5025.png"},{"id":14578,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5025/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -109,35 ], [ -109,38 ], [ -105,38 ], [ -105,35 ], [ -109,35 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a53e4b07f02db62b88b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pantea, Michael P. mpantea@usgs.gov","contributorId":1549,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pantea","given":"Michael","email":"mpantea@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":307648,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hudson, Mark R. 0000-0003-0338-6079 mhudson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0338-6079","contributorId":1236,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hudson","given":"Mark R.","email":"mhudson@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":307647,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Grauch, V. J. S. 0000-0002-0761-3489","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0761-3489","contributorId":34125,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grauch","given":"V.","email":"","middleInitial":"J. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307649,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Minor, Scott A. 0000-0002-6976-9235 sminor@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6976-9235","contributorId":765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Minor","given":"Scott","email":"sminor@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":307646,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":99127,"text":"sir20105260 - 2011 - Regional skew for California, and flood frequency for selected sites in the Sacramento-San Joaquin River Basin, based on data through water year 2006","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:40","indexId":"sir20105260","displayToPublicDate":"2011-03-25T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-5260","title":"Regional skew for California, and flood frequency for selected sites in the Sacramento-San Joaquin River Basin, based on data through water year 2006","docAbstract":"Improved flood-frequency information is important throughout California in general and in the Sacramento-San Joaquin River Basin in particular, because of an extensive network of flood-control levees and the risk of catastrophic flooding. A key first step in updating flood-frequency information is determining regional skew. A Bayesian generalized least squares (GLS) regression method was used to derive a regional-skew model based on annual peak-discharge data for 158 long-term (30 or more years of record) stations throughout most of California. The desert areas in southeastern California had too few long-term stations to reliably determine regional skew for that hydrologically distinct region; therefore, the desert areas were excluded from the regional skew analysis for California. Of the 158 long-term stations used to determine regional skew, 145 have minimally regulated annual-peak discharges, and 13 stations are dam sites for which unregulated peak discharges were estimated from unregulated daily maximum discharge data furnished by the U.S. Army Corp of Engineers. Station skew was determined by using an expected moments algorithm (EMA) program for fitting the Pearson Type 3 flood-frequency distribution to the logarithms of annual peak-discharge data.\r\n\r\nThe Bayesian GLS regression method previously developed was modified because of the large cross correlations among concurrent recorded peak discharges in California and the use of censored data and historical flood information with the new expected moments algorithm. In particular, to properly account for these cross-correlation problems and develop a suitable regression model and regression diagnostics, a combination of Bayesian weighted least squares and generalized least squares regression was adopted. This new methodology identified a nonlinear function relating regional skew to mean basin elevation. The regional skew values ranged from -0.62 for a mean basin elevation of zero to 0.61 for a mean basin elevation of 11,000 feet. This relation between skew and elevation reflects the interaction of snow with rain, which increases with increased elevation. The equivalent record length for the new regional skew ranges from 52 to 65 years of record, depending upon mean basin elevation. The old regional skew map in Bulletin 17B, published by the Hydrology Subcommittee of the Interagency Advisory Committee on Water Data (1982), reported an equivalent record length of only 17 years.\r\n\r\nThe newly developed regional skew relation for California was used to update flood frequency for the 158 sites used in the regional skew analysis as well as 206 selected sites in the Sacramento-San Joaquin River Basin. For these sites, annual-peak discharges having recurrence intervals of 2, 5, 10, 25, 50, 100, 200, and 500 years were determined on the basis of data through water year 2006. The expected moments algorithm was used for determining the magnitude and frequency of floods at gaged sites by using regional skew values and using the basic approach outlined in Bulletin \r\n","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20105260","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Federal Emergency Management Agency, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, and the U.S. Forest Service\r\n","usgsCitation":"Parrett, C., Veilleux, A., Stedinger, J., Barth, N., Knifong, D.L., and Ferris, J., 2011, Regional skew for California, and flood frequency for selected sites in the Sacramento-San Joaquin River Basin, based on data through water year 2006: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2010-5260, vi, 40 p.; Appendices, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20105260.","productDescription":"vi, 40 p.; Appendices","temporalStart":"2005-10-01","temporalEnd":"2006-09-30","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116933,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2010_5260.jpg"},{"id":14576,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5260/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.5,38 ], [ -124.5,42 ], [ -120,42 ], [ -120,38 ], [ -124.5,38 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a60e4b07f02db634e37","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Parrett, Charles","contributorId":9635,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parrett","given":"Charles","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307637,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Veilleux, Andrea","contributorId":65212,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Veilleux","given":"Andrea","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307640,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stedinger, J.R.","contributorId":90733,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stedinger","given":"J.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307641,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Barth, N.A.","contributorId":31512,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barth","given":"N.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307639,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Knifong, Donna L. dknifong@usgs.gov","contributorId":1517,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knifong","given":"Donna","email":"dknifong@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":307636,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ferris, J.C.","contributorId":13731,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ferris","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307638,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":99126,"text":"ofr20111062 - 2011 - cloudPEST - A python module for cloud-computing deployment of PEST, a program for parameter estimation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:40","indexId":"ofr20111062","displayToPublicDate":"2011-03-25T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-1062","title":"cloudPEST - A python module for cloud-computing deployment of PEST, a program for parameter estimation","docAbstract":"This report documents cloudPEST-a Python module with functions to facilitate deployment of the model-independent parameter estimation code PEST on a cloud-computing environment. cloudPEST makes use of low-level, freely available command-line tools that interface with the Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2(TradeMark)) that are unlikely to change dramatically. This report describes the preliminary setup for both Python and EC2 tools and subsequently describes the functions themselves. The code and guidelines have been tested primarily on the Windows(Registered) operating system but are extensible to Linux(Registered). \r\n","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20111062","usgsCitation":"Fienen, M., Kunicki, T.C., and Kester, D.E., 2011, cloudPEST - A python module for cloud-computing deployment of PEST, a program for parameter estimation: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1062, iv, 22 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111062.","productDescription":"iv, 22 p.","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116932,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2011_1062.gif"},{"id":14575,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1062/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e478be4b07f02db487fbf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fienen, Michael N. 0000-0002-7756-4651 mnfienen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7756-4651","contributorId":893,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fienen","given":"Michael N.","email":"mnfienen@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":307633,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kunicki, Thomas C. tkunicki@usgs.gov","contributorId":4609,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kunicki","given":"Thomas","email":"tkunicki@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":307634,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kester, Daniel E. dekester@usgs.gov","contributorId":4621,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kester","given":"Daniel","email":"dekester@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":307635,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":99118,"text":"ofr20101307 - 2011 - A refined characterization of the alluvial geology of yucca flat and its effect on bulk hydraulic conductivity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:57","indexId":"ofr20101307","displayToPublicDate":"2011-03-23T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-1307","title":"A refined characterization of the alluvial geology of yucca flat and its effect on bulk hydraulic conductivity","docAbstract":"In Yucca Flat, on the Nevada National Security Site in southern Nevada, the migration of radionuclides from tests located in the alluvial deposits into the Paleozoic carbonate aquifer involves passage through a thick, heterogeneous section of late Tertiary and Quaternary alluvial sediments. An understanding of the lateral and vertical changes in the material properties of the alluvial sediments will aid in the further development of the hydrogeologic framework and the delineation of hydrostratigraphic units and hydraulic properties required for simulating groundwater flow in the Yucca Flat area. Previously published geologic models for the alluvial sediments within Yucca Flat are based on extensive examination and categorization of drill-hole data, combined with a simple, data-driven interpolation scheme. The U.S. Geological Survey, in collaboration with Stanford University, is researching improvements to the modeling of the alluvial section, incorporating prior knowledge of geologic structure into the interpolation method and estimating the uncertainty of the modeled hydrogeologic units. ","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20101307","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Environmental Management, National Nuclear Security Administration, Nevada Site Office, under Interagency Agreement Department of Energy Agreement DOE DE-AI52-07NA28100 ","usgsCitation":"Phelps, G.A., and Halford, K.J., 2011, A refined characterization of the alluvial geology of yucca flat and its effect on bulk hydraulic conductivity: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010-1307, iii, 33 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20101307.","productDescription":"iii, 33 p. ","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":671,"text":"Western Region Geology and Geophysics Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116877,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2010_1307.gif"},{"id":14565,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1307/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -116.25,36.833333333333336 ], [ -116.25,37.416666666666664 ], [ -115.83333333333333,37.416666666666664 ], [ -115.83333333333333,36.833333333333336 ], [ -116.25,36.833333333333336 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ae4b07f02db6a849a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Phelps, G. A.","contributorId":67107,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phelps","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307598,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Halford, K. J. 0000-0002-7322-1846","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7322-1846","contributorId":61077,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Halford","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307597,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70236115,"text":"70236115 - 2011 - Investigating the complex interface where bedrock transforms to regolith","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-29T16:11:53.000246","indexId":"70236115","displayToPublicDate":"2011-03-22T11:06:16","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Investigating the complex interface where bedrock transforms to regolith","docAbstract":"The interface where bedrock transforms to regolith is not planar but rather has a roughness that varies with the scale of observation. The complexity of this surface is manifested in both element-depth and fragment size-depth distributions and may sometimes be related to the longitudinal profiles of watershed streams. The fractal nature of the bedrock-regolith interface means that the interface has a “thickness” which is >20 m in two ridgetop examples from Pennsylvania and Puerto Rico. Such weathering thicknesses, modeled as a function of one-dimensional fluid flow, are affected by the balance between rates of weathering and erosion. One-dimensional models are consistent with weathering advance rates that vary with equilibrium solubility and porefluid velocities (and not reaction kinetics). However, fluid flow is not strictly downward and one-dimensional. Permeability of regolith changes as particle size and bulk density changes with depth. Thus, both downward and lateral flow occurs especially at reaction fronts where reactions change permeability. The rate of weathering advance is, therefore, affected by the 3-dimensional distribution of reaction zones that affect permeability across the watershed. Quantitative models of such phenomena over a range of spatial and temporal scales are needed.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2011.03.017","usgsCitation":"Brantley, S.L., Buss, H.L., Lebedeva, M., Fletcher, R., and Ma, I., 2011, Investigating the complex interface where bedrock transforms to regolith: Applied Geochemistry, v. 26, no. Supplement, p. S12-S15, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2011.03.017.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"S12","endPage":"S15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":475019,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://research-information.bris.ac.uk/en/publications/bc556619-d1c0-4619-89d5-1217e6f93eee","text":"External Repository"},{"id":405801,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"26","issue":"Supplement","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brantley, S. L.","contributorId":213849,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brantley","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":25381,"text":"Penn State Univ.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":850124,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Buss, Heather L. 0000-0002-1852-3657","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1852-3657","contributorId":15478,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buss","given":"Heather","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":850125,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lebedeva, M.","contributorId":295910,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lebedeva","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":850126,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fletcher, R. C.","contributorId":295911,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fletcher","given":"R. C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":850127,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ma, I.","contributorId":295912,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ma","given":"I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":850128,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70173463,"text":"70173463 - 2011 - Using multilevel models to quantify heterogeneity in resource selection","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-08T16:46:32.483269","indexId":"70173463","displayToPublicDate":"2011-03-21T13:30:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Using multilevel models to quantify heterogeneity in resource selection","docAbstract":"Models of resource selection are being used increasingly to predict or model the effects of management actions rather than simply quantifying habitat selection. Multilevel, or hierarchical, models are an increasingly popular method to analyze animal resource selection because they impose a relatively weak stochastic constraint to model heterogeneity in habitat use and also account for unequal sample sizes among individuals. However, few studies have used multilevel models to model coefficients as a function of predictors that may influence habitat use at different scales or quantify differences in resource selection among groups. We used an example with white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) to illustrate how to model resource use as a function of distance to road that varies among deer by road density at the home range scale. We found that deer avoidance of roads decreased as road density increased. Also, we used multilevel models with sika deer (Cervus nippon) and white-tailed deer to examine whether resource selection differed between species. We failed to detect differences in resource use between these two species and showed how information-theoretic and graphical measures can be used to assess how resource use may have differed. Multilevel models can improve our understanding of how resource selection varies among individuals and provides an objective, quantifiable approach to assess differences or changes in resource selection.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/jwmg.212","usgsCitation":"Wagner, T., Diefenbach, D.R., Christensen, S., and Norton, A.S., 2011, Using multilevel models to quantify heterogeneity in resource selection: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 75, no. 8, p. 1788-1796, https://doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.212.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"1788","endPage":"1796","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-024863","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":323917,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"75","issue":"8","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58d38d3be4b0236b68f98eea","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wagner, Tyler 0000-0003-1726-016X twagner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1726-016X","contributorId":1050,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wagner","given":"Tyler","email":"twagner@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":637163,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Diefenbach, Duane R. 0000-0001-5111-1147 drd11@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5111-1147","contributorId":5235,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Diefenbach","given":"Duane","email":"drd11@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":685560,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Christensen, Sonja","contributorId":171608,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Christensen","given":"Sonja","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16900,"text":"Massachusetts Division of Fisheries and Wildlife","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":685561,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Norton, Andrew S.","contributorId":171631,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Norton","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685562,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":99107,"text":"fs20113023 - 2011 - The USA National Phenology Network; taking the pulse of our planet","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:53","indexId":"fs20113023","displayToPublicDate":"2011-03-20T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-3023","title":"The USA National Phenology Network; taking the pulse of our planet","docAbstract":"People have tracked phenology for centuries and for the most practical reasons: it helped them know when to hunt and fish, when to plant and harvest crops, and when to navigate waterways. Now phenology is being used as a tool to assess climate change and its effects on both natural and modified ecosystems. \r\n\r\nHow is the timing of events in plant and animal life cycles, like flowering or migration, responding to climate change? And how are those responses, in turn, affecting people and ecosystems? \r\n\r\nThe USA National Phenology Network (the Network) is working to answer these questions for science and society by promoting a broad understanding of plant and animal phenology and their relationship to environmental change. The Network is a consortium of organizations and individuals that collect, share, and use phenology data, models, and related information to enable scientists, resource managers, and the public to adapt in response to changing climates and environments. In addition, the Network encourages people of all ages and backgrounds to observe and record phenology as a way to discover and explore the nature and pace of our dynamic world. \r\n\r\nThe National Coordinating Office (NCO) of the Network is a resource center that facilitates and encourages widespread collection, integration, and sharing of phenology data and related information (for example, meteorological and hydrological data). The NCO develops and promotes standardized methods for field data collection and maintains several online user interfaces for data upload and download, as well as data exploration, visualization, and analysis. The NCO also facilitates basic and applied research related to phenology, the development of decision-support tools for resource managers and planners, and the design of educational and outreach materials \r\n","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/fs20113023","collaboration":"USA National Phenology Network \r\n","usgsCitation":"Weltzin, J., 2011, The USA National Phenology Network; taking the pulse of our planet: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2011-3023, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20113023.","productDescription":"4 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":433,"text":"National Phenology Network","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116538,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2011_3023.gif"},{"id":14558,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2011/3023/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abbe4b07f02db672882","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Weltzin, Jake F.","contributorId":51005,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weltzin","given":"Jake F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307585,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":99108,"text":"sir20115032 - 2011 - Potential effects of groundwater pumping on water levels, phreatophytes, and spring discharges in Spring and Snake Valleys, White Pine County, Nevada, and adjacent areas in Nevada and Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:39","indexId":"sir20115032","displayToPublicDate":"2011-03-20T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-5032","title":"Potential effects of groundwater pumping on water levels, phreatophytes, and spring discharges in Spring and Snake Valleys, White Pine County, Nevada, and adjacent areas in Nevada and Utah","docAbstract":"Assessing hydrologic effects of developing groundwater supplies in Snake Valley required numerical, groundwater-flow models to estimate the timing and magnitude of capture from streams, springs, wetlands, and phreatophytes. Estimating general water-table decline also required groundwater simulation. The hydraulic conductivity of basin fill and transmissivity of basement-rock distributions in Spring and Snake Valleys were refined by calibrating a steady state, three-dimensional, MODFLOW model of the carbonate-rock province to predevelopment conditions. Hydraulic properties and boundary conditions were defined primarily from the Regional Aquifer-System Analysis (RASA) model except in Spring and Snake Valleys. This locally refined model was referred to as the Great Basin National Park calibration (GBNP-C) model. Groundwater discharges from phreatophyte areas and springs in Spring and Snake Valleys were simulated as specified discharges in the GBNP-C model. These discharges equaled mapped rates and measured discharges, respectively.\r\nRecharge, hydraulic conductivity, and transmissivity were distributed throughout Spring and Snake Valleys with pilot points and interpolated to model cells with kriging in geologically similar areas. Transmissivity of the basement rocks was estimated because thickness is correlated poorly with transmissivity. Transmissivity estimates were constrained by aquifer-test results in basin-fill and carbonate-rock aquifers.\r\nRecharge, hydraulic conductivity, and transmissivity distributions of the GBNP-C model were estimated by minimizing a weighted composite, sum-of-squares objective function that included measurement and Tikhonov regularization observations. Tikhonov regularization observations were equations that defined preferred relations between the pilot points. Measured water levels, water levels that were simulated with RASA, depth-to-water beneath distributed groundwater and spring discharges, land-surface altitudes, spring discharge at Fish Springs, and changes in discharge on selected creek reaches were measurement observations.\r\nThe effects of uncertain distributed groundwater-discharge estimates in Spring and Snake Valleys on transmissivity estimates were bounded with alternative models. Annual distributed groundwater discharges from Spring and Snake Valleys in the alternative models totaled 151,000 and 227,000 acre-feet, respectively and represented 20 percent differences from the 187,000 acre-feet per year that discharges from the GBNP-C model. Transmissivity estimates in the basin fill between Baker and Big Springs changed less than 50 percent between the two alternative models.\r\nPotential effects of pumping from Snake Valley were estimated with the Great Basin National Park predictive (GBNP-P) model, which is a transient groundwater-flow model. The hydraulic conductivity of basin fill and transmissivity of basement rock were the GBNP-C model distributions. Specific yields were defined from aquifer tests. Captures of distributed groundwater and spring discharges were simulated in the GBNP-P model using a combination of well and drain packages in MODFLOW. Simulated groundwater captures could not exceed measured groundwater-discharge rates.\r\nFour groundwater-development scenarios were investigated where total annual withdrawals ranged from 10,000 to 50,000 acre-feet during a 200-year pumping period. Four additional scenarios also were simulated that added the effects of existing pumping in Snake Valley. Potential groundwater pumping locations were limited to nine proposed points of diversion. Results are presented as maps of groundwater capture and drawdown, time series of drawdowns and discharges from selected wells, and time series of discharge reductions from selected springs and control volumes.\r\nSimulated drawdown propagation was attenuated where groundwater discharge could be captured. General patterns of groundwater capture and water-table declines were similar for all scenarios. Simulated drawdowns greater than 1 ft propagated outside of Spring and Snake Valleys after 200 years of pumping in all scenarios.\r\n","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20115032","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the National Park Service\r\n","usgsCitation":"Halford, K.J., and Plume, R.W., 2011, Potential effects of groundwater pumping on water levels, phreatophytes, and spring discharges in Spring and Snake Valleys, White Pine County, Nevada, and adjacent areas in Nevada and Utah: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5032, vi, 50 p.; Appendixes A-G ZIP; Appendix A; Appendix B; Appendix C; Appendix D; Appendix E; Appendix F; Appendix G; Appendix H, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20115032.","productDescription":"vi, 50 p.; Appendixes A-G ZIP; Appendix A; Appendix B; Appendix C; Appendix D; Appendix E; Appendix F; Appendix G; Appendix H","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116772,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2011_5032.jpg"},{"id":14559,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5032/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -117,35 ], [ -117,42 ], [ -111,42 ], [ -111,35 ], [ -117,35 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b15e4b07f02db6a4c63","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Halford, Keith J. 0000-0002-7322-1846 khalford@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7322-1846","contributorId":1374,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Halford","given":"Keith","email":"khalford@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":307586,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Plume, Russell W. rwplume@usgs.gov","contributorId":2303,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plume","given":"Russell","email":"rwplume@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":307587,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":99102,"text":"sim3147 - 2011 - Potentiometric surface in the Central Oklahoma (Garber-Wellington) aquifer, Oklahoma, 2009","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:39","indexId":"sim3147","displayToPublicDate":"2011-03-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"3147","title":"Potentiometric surface in the Central Oklahoma (Garber-Wellington) aquifer, Oklahoma, 2009","docAbstract":"A study of the hydrogeology of the Central Oklahoma aquifer was started in 2008 to provide the Oklahoma Water Resources Board (OWRB) hydrogeologic data and a groundwater flow model that can be used as a tool to help manage the aquifer. The 1973 Oklahoma water law requires the OWRB to do hydrologic investigations of Oklahoma's aquifers (termed 'groundwater basins') and to determine amounts of water that may be withdrawn by permitted water users. 'Maximum annual yield' is a term used by OWRB to describe the total amount of water that can be withdrawn from a specific aquifer in any year while allowing a minimum 20-year life of the basin (Oklahoma Water Resources Board, 2010). Currently (2010), the maximum annual yield has not been determined for the Central Oklahoma aquifer. Until the maximum annual yield determination is made, water users are issued a temporary permit by the OWRB for 2 acre-feet/acre per year. The objective of the study, in cooperation with the Oklahoma Water Resources Board, was to study the hydrogeology of the Central Oklahoma aquifer to provide information that will enable the OWRB to determine the maximum annual yield of the aquifer based on different proposed management plans. Groundwater flow models are typically used by the OWRB as a tool to help determine the maximum annual yield.\r\n\r\nThis report presents the potentiometric surface of the Central Oklahoma aquifer based on water-level data collected in 2009 as part of the current (2010) hydrologic study. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Hydrologic Investigations Atlas HA-724 by Christenson and others (1992) presents the 1986-87 potentiometric-surface map. This 1986-87 potentiometric-surface map was made as part of the USGS National Water-Quality Assessment pilot project for the Central Oklahoma aquifer that examined the geochemical and hydrogeological processes operating in the aquifer. An attempt was made to obtain water-level measurements for the 2009 potentiometric-surface map from the wells used for the 1986-87 potentiometric-surface map. Well symbols with circles on the 2009 potentiometric-surface map (fig. 1) indicate wells that were used for the 1986-87 potentiometric-surface map. ","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sim3147","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Oklahoma Water Resources Board","usgsCitation":"Mashburn, S.L., and Magers, J., 2011, Potentiometric surface in the Central Oklahoma (Garber-Wellington) aquifer, Oklahoma, 2009: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3147, Map Sheet: 25.02 inches x 28 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3147.","productDescription":"Map Sheet: 25.02 inches x 28 inches","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":516,"text":"Oklahoma Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116973,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sim_3147.gif"},{"id":14553,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3147/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"24000","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -97.75,34.75 ], [ -97.75,36 ], [ -96.5,36 ], [ -96.5,34.75 ], [ -97.75,34.75 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac8e4b07f02db67bfe4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mashburn, Shana L. 0000-0001-5163-778X shanam@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5163-778X","contributorId":2140,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mashburn","given":"Shana","email":"shanam@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":516,"text":"Oklahoma Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":307567,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Magers, Jessica","contributorId":36667,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Magers","given":"Jessica","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307568,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":9000748,"text":"gip122 - 2011 - Ocean acidification postcards","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:51","indexId":"gip122","displayToPublicDate":"2011-03-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":315,"text":"General Information Product","code":"GIP","onlineIssn":"2332-354X","printIssn":"2332-3531","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"122","title":"Ocean acidification postcards","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) is conducting research on ocean acidification in polar, temperate, subtropical, and tropical regions including the Arctic, West Florida Shelf, and the Caribbean. Project activities include field assessment, experimental laboratory studies, and evaluation of existing data. The USGS is participating in international and interagency working groups to develop research strategies to increase understanding of the global implications of ocean acidification. Research strategies include new approaches for seawater chemistry observation and modeling, assessment of physiological effects on organisms, changes in marine ecosystem structure, new technologies, and information resources. These postcards highlight ongoing USGS research efforts in ocean acidification and carbon cycling in marine and coastal ecosystems in three different regions: polar, temperate, and tropical. To learn more about ocean acidification visit: http://coastal.er.usgs.gov/ocean-acidification/.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/gip122","usgsCitation":"Schreppel, H.A., and Cimitile, M.J., 2011, Ocean acidification postcards: U.S. Geological Survey General Information Product 122, 3 p.; 8.5 inches x 11 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/gip122.","productDescription":"3 p.; 8.5 inches x 11 inches","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116971,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/gip_122.jpg"},{"id":19227,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/122/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afbe4b07f02db696159","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schreppel, Heather A. hschreppel@usgs.gov","contributorId":673,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schreppel","given":"Heather","email":"hschreppel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":344427,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cimitile, Matthew J.","contributorId":78453,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cimitile","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344428,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70236111,"text":"70236111 - 2011 - Insights on the 2009 South Pacific tsunami in Samoa and Tonga from field surveys and numerical simulations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-29T15:49:35.294097","indexId":"70236111","displayToPublicDate":"2011-03-10T10:36:19","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1431,"text":"Earth-Science Reviews","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Insights on the 2009 South Pacific tsunami in Samoa and Tonga from field surveys and numerical simulations","docAbstract":"An Mw ≈ 8.1 earthquake south of the Samoan Islands on 29 September 2009 generated a tsunami that killed 189 people. From 4 to 11 October, an International Tsunami Survey Team surveyed the seven major islands of the Samoan archipelago. The team measured locally focused runup heights of 17 m at Poloa and inundation of more than 500 m at Pago Pago. A follow-up expedition from 23 to 28 November surveying the three main islands of Tonga's northernmost Niua group revealed surprising 22 m runup and 1 km inundation. We analyze the extreme tsunami runup and complex impact distribution based on physical and societal observations combined with numerical modeling. That an outer rise/outer trench slope (OR/OTS) event is responsible for a tsunami disaster in the Pacific calls for care in identifying and defining tsunami hazards. Evacuation exercises conducted in Samoa in the preceding year may have limited the human toll; however, cars were identified as potential death traps during tsunami evacuations. This event highlights the extreme hazards from near source tsunamis when the earthquake's shaking constitutes the de facto warning, and further underscores the importance of community based education and awareness programs as essential in saving lives.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2011.03.004","usgsCitation":"Fritz, H.M., Borrero, J.C., Synolakis, C.E., Okal, E.A., Weiss, R., Titov, V., Jaffe, B.E., Foteinis, S., Lynett, P.J., Chan, I., and Liu, P.L., 2011, Insights on the 2009 South Pacific tsunami in Samoa and Tonga from field surveys and numerical simulations: Earth-Science Reviews, v. 107, no. 1-2, p. 66-75, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2011.03.004.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"66","endPage":"75","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":405796,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"American Samoa, Samoa, Tonga","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -173.82190704345703,\n -16.000935579586685\n ],\n [\n -173.72371673583984,\n -16.000935579586685\n ],\n [\n -173.72371673583984,\n -15.828260040178774\n ],\n [\n -173.82190704345703,\n -15.828260040178774\n ],\n [\n -173.82190704345703,\n -16.000935579586685\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -172.935791015625,\n -14.75363533154043\n ],\n [\n -170.299072265625,\n -14.75363533154043\n ],\n [\n -170.299072265625,\n -13.261333170798274\n ],\n [\n -172.935791015625,\n -13.261333170798274\n ],\n [\n -172.935791015625,\n -14.75363533154043\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"107","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fritz, Hermann M.","contributorId":194830,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fritz","given":"Hermann","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":850103,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Borrero, Jose C.","contributorId":63293,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Borrero","given":"Jose","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":850104,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Synolakis, Costas E.","contributorId":70315,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Synolakis","given":"Costas","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":850105,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Okal, Emile A.","contributorId":17912,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Okal","given":"Emile","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":850106,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Weiss, Robert","contributorId":248385,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Weiss","given":"Robert","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12694,"text":"Virginia Tech","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":850107,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Titov, Vasily V.","contributorId":32463,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Titov","given":"Vasily V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":850108,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Jaffe, Bruce E. 0000-0002-8816-5920 bjaffe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8816-5920","contributorId":2049,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jaffe","given":"Bruce","email":"bjaffe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":850109,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Foteinis, Spyros","contributorId":295904,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Foteinis","given":"Spyros","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":850110,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Lynett, Patrick J. 0000-0002-2856-9405","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2856-9405","contributorId":244605,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lynett","given":"Patrick","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":13249,"text":"University of Southern California","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":850111,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Chan, I-Chi","contributorId":295905,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chan","given":"I-Chi","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":850112,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Liu, Philip L-F.","contributorId":16338,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"Philip","email":"","middleInitial":"L-F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":850113,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}} ,{"id":70036993,"text":"70036993 - 2011 - Resolving structural uncertainty in natural resources management using POMDP approaches","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-15T20:12:32.28782","indexId":"70036993","displayToPublicDate":"2011-03-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1458,"text":"Ecological Modelling","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Resolving structural uncertainty in natural resources management using POMDP approaches","docAbstract":"In recent years there has been a growing focus on the uncertainties of natural resources management, and the importance of accounting for uncertainty in assessing management effectiveness. This paper focuses on uncertainty in resource management in terms of discrete-state Markov decision processes (MDP) under structural uncertainty and partial observability. It describes the treatment of structural uncertainty with approaches developed for partially observable resource systems. In particular, I show how value iteration for partially observable MDPs (POMDP) can be extended to structurally uncertain MDPs. A key difference between these process classes is that structurally uncertain MDPs require the tracking of system state as well as a probability structure for the structure uncertainty, whereas with POMDPs require only a probability structure for the observation uncertainty. The added complexity of the optimization problem under structural uncertainty is compensated by reduced dimensionality in the search for optimal strategy. A solution algorithm for structurally uncertain processes is outlined for a simple example in conservation biology. By building on the conceptual framework developed for POMDPs, natural resource analysts and decision makers who confront structural uncertainties in natural resources can take advantage of the rapid growth in POMDP methods and approaches, and thereby produce better conservation strategies over a larger class of resource problems.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2010.12.015","issn":"03043800","usgsCitation":"Williams, B.K., 2011, Resolving structural uncertainty in natural resources management using POMDP approaches: Ecological Modelling, v. 222, no. 5, p. 1092-1102, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2010.12.015.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"1092","endPage":"1102","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":381390,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"222","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aa9dce4b0c8380cd85ffa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Williams, B. Kenneth","contributorId":107798,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"Kenneth","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458890,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":9000631,"text":"ofr20101251 - 2011 - Moderate-resolution sea surface temperature data for the nearshore North Pacific","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-05-07T13:24:50.948811","indexId":"ofr20101251","displayToPublicDate":"2011-03-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-1251","title":"Moderate-resolution sea surface temperature data for the nearshore North Pacific","docAbstract":"Coastal sea surface temperature (SST) is an important environmental characteristic in determining the suitability of habitat for nearshore marine and estuarine organisms. This publication describes and provides access to an easy-to-use coastal SST dataset for ecologists, biogeographers, oceanographers, and other scientists conducting research on nearshore marine habitats or processes. The data cover the Temperate Northern Pacific Ocean as defined by the 'Marine Ecosystems of the World' (MEOW) biogeographic schema developed by The Nature Conservancy. The spatial resolution of the SST data is 4-km grid cells within 20 km of the shore. The data span a 29-year period - from September 1981 to December 2009. These SST data were derived from Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) instrument measurements compiled into monthly means as part of the Pathfinder versions 5.0 and 5.1 (PFSST V50 and V51) Project. The processing methods used to transform the data from their native Hierarchical Data Format Scientific Data Set (HDF SDS) to georeferenced, spatial datasets capable of being read into geographic information systems (GIS) software are explained. In addition, links are provided to examples of scripts involved in the data processing steps. The scripts were written in the Python programming language, which is supported by ESRI's ArcGIS version 9 or later. The processed data files are also provided in text (.csv) and Access 2003 Database (.mdb) formats. All data except the raster files include attributes identifying realm, province, and ecoregion as defined by the MEOW classification schema.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20101251","usgsCitation":"Payne, M.C., Reusser, D.A., Lee, H., and Brown, C.A., 2011, Moderate-resolution sea surface temperature data for the nearshore North Pacific: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010-1251, Report: iv, 16 p.; Dataset, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20101251.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 16 p.; Dataset","numberOfPages":"16","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":19222,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1251/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":485457,"rank":4,"type":{"id":28,"text":"Dataset"},"url":"https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/57ec36d7e4b090825010b8a7","linkHelpText":"- Data Catalog for Moderate-Resolution Sea Surface Temperature Data for the Nearshore North Pacific (1981-2009)"},{"id":116964,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2010_1251.png"},{"id":485458,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1251/images/OFR2010-1251.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"Canada, China, Japan, Korea, Mexico, Russia, United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 179.9,\n 70\n ],\n [\n 118,\n 70\n ],\n [\n 118,\n 20\n ],\n [\n 179.9,\n 20\n ],\n [\n 179.9,\n 70\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -179.9,\n 70\n ],\n [\n -179.9,\n 20\n ],\n [\n -105,\n 20\n ],\n [\n -105,\n 70\n ],\n [\n -179.9,\n 70\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db6996d2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Payne, Meredith C.","contributorId":102993,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Payne","given":"Meredith","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344406,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reusser, Deborah A. dreusser@usgs.gov","contributorId":2423,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reusser","given":"Deborah","email":"dreusser@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":344403,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lee, Henry II","contributorId":40334,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"Henry","suffix":"II","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344404,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brown, Cheryl A.","contributorId":69284,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"Cheryl","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344405,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":99091,"text":"sir20105251 - 2011 - Effects of groundwater flow on the distribution of biogenic gas in parts of the northern Great Plains of Canada and United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:57","indexId":"sir20105251","displayToPublicDate":"2011-03-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-5251","title":"Effects of groundwater flow on the distribution of biogenic gas in parts of the northern Great Plains of Canada and United States","docAbstract":"Parts of the northern Great Plains in eastern Montana and western North Dakota and southeastern Alberta and southwestern Saskatchewan, Canada, were studied as part of an assessment of shallow biogenic gas in Upper Cretaceous rocks.Parts of the northern Great Plains in eastern Montana and western North Dakota and southeastern Alberta and southwestern Saskatchewan, Canada, were studied as part of an assessment of shallow biogenic gas in Upper Cretaceous rocks. Large quantities of shallow biogenic gas are produced from low-permeability, Upper Cretaceous reservoirs in southeastern Alberta and southwestern Saskatchewan, Canada. Rocks of similar types and age produce sparingly in the United States except on large structures, such as Bowdoin dome and Cedar Creek anticline. Significant production also occurs in the Tiger Ridge area, where uplift of the Bearpaw Mountains created stratigraphic traps. The resource in Canada is thought to be a continuous, biogenic-gas-type accumulation with economic production in a variety of subtle structures and stratigraphic settings. The United States northern Great Plains area has similar conditions but only broad structural closures or stratigraphic traps associated with local structure have produced economically to date. Numerical flow modeling was used to help determine that biogenic gas in low-permeability reservoirs is held in place by high hydraulic head that overrides buoyancy forces of the gas. Modeling also showed where hydraulic head is greater under Tertiary capped topographic remnants rather than near adjacent topographic lows. The high head can override the capillary pressure of the rock and force gas to migrate to low head in topographically low areas. Most current biogenic gas production is confined to areas between mapped lineaments in the northern Great Plains. The lineaments may reflect structural zones in the Upper Cretaceous that help compartmentalize reservoirs and confine gas accumulations. \r\n","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20105251","usgsCitation":"Anna, L.O., 2011, Effects of groundwater flow on the distribution of biogenic gas in parts of the northern Great Plains of Canada and United States: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2010-5251, iv, 24 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20105251.","productDescription":"iv, 24 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116259,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2010_5251.png"},{"id":14540,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5251/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -114,47 ], [ -114,51.5 ], [ -104,51.5 ], [ -104,47 ], [ -114,47 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4affe4b07f02db697dc0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Anna, Lawrence O.","contributorId":107318,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anna","given":"Lawrence","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307532,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":99089,"text":"cir1369 - 2011 - Geology for a changing world 2010-2020-Implementing the U.S. Geological Survey science strategy","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-06-25T09:32:59","indexId":"cir1369","displayToPublicDate":"2011-03-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1369","title":"Geology for a changing world 2010-2020-Implementing the U.S. Geological Survey science strategy","docAbstract":"This report describes a science strategy for the geologic activities of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) for the years 2010-2020. It presents six goals with accompanying strategic actions and products that implement the science directions of USGS Circular 1309, 'Facing Tomorrow's Challenges-U.S. Geological Survey Science in the Decade 2007-2017.' These six goals focus on providing the geologic underpinning needed to wisely use our natural resources, understand and mitigate hazards and environmental change, and understand the relationship between humans and the environment. The goals emphasize the critical role of the USGS in providing long-term research, monitoring, and assessments for the Nation and the world. Further, they describe measures that must be undertaken to ensure geologic expertise and knowledge for the future. \r\n\r\nThe natural science issues facing today's world are complex and cut across many scientific disciplines. The Earth is a system in which atmosphere, oceans, land, and life are all connected. Rocks and soils contain the answers to important questions about the origin of energy and mineral resources, the evolution of life, climate change, natural hazards, ecosystem structures and functions, and the movements of nutrients and toxicants. The science of geology has the power to help us understand the processes that link the physical and biological world so that we can model and forecast changes in the system.\r\n\r\nEnsuring the success of this strategy will require integration of geological knowledge with the other natural sciences and extensive collaboration across USGS science centers and with partners in Federal, State, and local agencies, academia, industry, nongovernmental organizations and, most importantly, the American public. The first four goals of this report describe the scientific issues facing society in the next 10 years and the actions and products needed to respond to these issues. The final two goals focus on the expertise and infrastructure needed to ensure the long-term sustainability of the geological sciences in the USGS. \r\n\r\nThe ultimate goal of USGS science and of the strategy laid out in this document is to contribute to the development of a sustainable society that operates in harmony with the Earth systems that society depends upon. As we begin the second decade of the 21st century, our Nation faces growing challenges in resource availability, climate and environmental change, and natural hazards. Meeting these challenges will require strong collaboration across the natural and social sciences and extensive partnerships with both the public and private sectors. The six goals described in this document represent a mix of scientific focus areas and operational necessities that together provide a comprehensive roadmap for USGS geologic science to effectively contribute to the USGS mission, providing science for a changing world.\r\n","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/cir1369","usgsCitation":"Gundersen, L., Belnap, J., Goldhaber, M., Goldstein, A., Haeussler, P.J., Ingebritsen, S.E., Jones, J., Plumlee, G.S., Thieler, E.R., Thompson, R.S., and Back, J.M., 2011, Geology for a changing world 2010-2020-Implementing the U.S. Geological Survey science strategy: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1369, vi, 60 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir1369.","productDescription":"vi, 60 p.","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2010-01-01","temporalEnd":"2020-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":501,"text":"Office of Science Quality and Integrity","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116960,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/cir_1369.gif"},{"id":14538,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/circ1369/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b28e4b07f02db6b12d2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gundersen, Linda C.S.","contributorId":90025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gundersen","given":"Linda C.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307528,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Belnap, Jayne 0000-0001-7471-2279 jayne_belnap@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7471-2279","contributorId":1332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belnap","given":"Jayne","email":"jayne_belnap@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":307522,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Goldhaber, Martin","contributorId":99684,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldhaber","given":"Martin","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307529,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Goldstein, Arthur","contributorId":74493,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldstein","given":"Arthur","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307527,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Haeussler, Peter J. 0000-0002-1503-6247 pheuslr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1503-6247","contributorId":503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haeussler","given":"Peter","email":"pheuslr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":307519,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ingebritsen, S. E.","contributorId":8078,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ingebritsen","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307525,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Jones, John 0000-0001-6117-3691 jwjones@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6117-3691","contributorId":2220,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"John","email":"jwjones@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":37786,"text":"WMA - Observing Systems Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":242,"text":"Eastern Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":307523,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Plumlee, Geoffrey S. 0000-0002-9607-5626 gplumlee@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9607-5626","contributorId":960,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plumlee","given":"Geoffrey","email":"gplumlee@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":307521,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Thieler, E. Robert 0000-0003-4311-9717 rthieler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4311-9717","contributorId":2488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thieler","given":"E.","email":"rthieler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Robert","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":307524,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Thompson, Robert S. 0000-0001-9287-2954 rthompson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9287-2954","contributorId":891,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"Robert","email":"rthompson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":307520,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Back, Judith M.","contributorId":30339,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Back","given":"Judith","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307526,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}} ,{"id":99090,"text":"sir20105221 - 2011 - Simulation of streamflow in the Pleasant, Narraguagus, Sheepscot, and Royal Rivers, Maine, using watershed models","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:39","indexId":"sir20105221","displayToPublicDate":"2011-03-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-5221","title":"Simulation of streamflow in the Pleasant, Narraguagus, Sheepscot, and Royal Rivers, Maine, using watershed models","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) began a study in 2008 to investigate anticipated changes in summer streamflows and stream temperatures in four coastal Maine river basins and the potential effects of those changes on populations of endangered Atlantic salmon. To achieve this purpose, it was necessary to characterize the quantity and timing of streamflow in these rivers by developing and evaluating a distributed-parameter watershed model for a part of each river basin by using the USGS Precipitation-Runoff Modeling System (PRMS). The GIS (geographic information system) Weasel, a USGS software application, was used to delineate the four study basins and their many subbasins, and to derive parameters for their geographic features. The models were calibrated using a four-step optimization procedure in which model output was evaluated against four datasets for calibrating solar radiation, potential evapotranspiration, annual and seasonal water balances, and daily streamflows. The calibration procedure involved thousands of model runs that used the USGS software application Luca (Let us calibrate). Luca uses the Shuffled Complex Evolution (SCE) global search algorithm to calibrate the model parameters. The calibrated watershed models performed satisfactorily, in that Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) statistic values for the calibration periods ranged from 0.59 to 0.75 (on a scale of negative infinity to 1) and NSE statistic values for the evaluation periods ranged from 0.55 to 0.73. The calibrated watershed models simulate daily streamflow at many locations in each study basin. These models enable natural resources managers to characterize the timing and amount of streamflow in order to support a variety of water-resources efforts including water-quality calculations, assessments of water use, modeling of population dynamics and migration of Atlantic salmon, modeling and assessment of habitat, and simulation of anticipated changes to streamflow and water temperature resulting from changes forecast for air temperature and precipitation.\r\n","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20105221","usgsCitation":"Dudley, R.W., and Nielsen, M.G., 2011, Simulation of streamflow in the Pleasant, Narraguagus, Sheepscot, and Royal Rivers, Maine, using watershed models: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2010-5221, vi, 31 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20105221.","productDescription":"vi, 31 p.","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":371,"text":"Maine Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116262,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2010_5221.gif"},{"id":14539,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5221/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -71,43 ], [ -71,46 ], [ -67,46 ], [ -67,43 ], [ -71,43 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f7e4b07f02db5f1fb1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dudley, Robert W. 0000-0002-0934-0568 rwdudley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0934-0568","contributorId":2223,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dudley","given":"Robert","email":"rwdudley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":371,"text":"Maine Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":307530,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nielsen, Martha G. 0000-0003-3038-9400 mnielsen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3038-9400","contributorId":4169,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nielsen","given":"Martha","email":"mnielsen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":307531,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":99085,"text":"sir20105261 - 2011 - Water budgets and groundwater volumes for abandoned underground mines in the Western Middle Anthracite Coalfield, Schuylkill, Columbia, and Northumberland Counties, Pennsylvania: Preliminary estimates with identification of data needs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-14T22:39:01.124677","indexId":"sir20105261","displayToPublicDate":"2011-03-09T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-5261","title":"Water budgets and groundwater volumes for abandoned underground mines in the Western Middle Anthracite Coalfield, Schuylkill, Columbia, and Northumberland Counties, Pennsylvania: Preliminary estimates with identification of data needs","docAbstract":"This report, prepared in cooperation with the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection (PaDEP), the Eastern Pennsylvania Coalition for Abandoned Mine Reclamation, and the Dauphin County Conservation District, provides estimates of water budgets and groundwater volumes stored in abandoned underground mines in the Western Middle Anthracite Coalfield, which encompasses an area of 120 square miles in eastern Pennsylvania. The estimates are based on preliminary simulations using a groundwater-flow model and an associated geographic information system that integrates data on the mining features, hydrogeology, and streamflow in the study area. The Mahanoy and Shamokin Creek Basins were the focus of the study because these basins exhibit extensive hydrologic effects and water-quality degradation from the abandoned mines in their headwaters in the Western Middle Anthracite Coalfield. Proposed groundwater withdrawals from the flooded parts of the mines and stream-channel modifications in selected areas have the potential for altering the distribution of groundwater and the interaction between the groundwater and streams in the area.\r\nPreliminary three-dimensional, steady-state simulations of groundwater flow by the use of MODFLOW are presented to summarize information on the exchange of groundwater among adjacent mines and to help guide the management of ongoing data collection, reclamation activities, and water-use planning. The conceptual model includes high-permeability mine voids that are connected vertically and horizontally within multicolliery units (MCUs). MCUs were identified on the basis of mine maps, locations of mine discharges, and groundwater levels in the mines measured by PaDEP. The locations and integrity of mine barriers were determined from mine maps and groundwater levels. The permeability of intact barriers is low, reflecting the hydraulic characteristics of unmined host rock and coal.\r\nA steady-state model was calibrated to measured groundwater levels and stream base flow, the latter at many locations composed primarily of discharge from mines. Automatic parameter estimation used MODFLOW-2000 with manual adjustments to constrain parameter values to realistic ranges. The calibrated model supports the conceptual model of high-permeability MCUs separated by low-permeability barriers and streamflow losses and gains associated with mine infiltration and discharge. The simulated groundwater levels illustrate low groundwater gradients within an MCU and abrupt changes in water levels between MCUs. The preliminary model results indicate that the primary result of increased pumping from the mine would be reduced discharge from the mine to streams near the pumping wells. The intact barriers limit the spatial extent of mine dewatering. Considering the simulated groundwater levels, depth of mining, and assumed bulk porosity of 11 or 40 percent for the mined seams, the water volume in storage in the mines of the Western Middle Anthracite Coalfield was estimated to range from 60 to 220 billion gallons, respectively.\r\nDetails of the groundwater-level distribution and the rates of some mine discharges are not simulated well using the preliminary model. Use of the model results should be limited to evaluation of the conceptual model and its simulation using porous-media flow methods, overall water budgets for the Western Middle Anthracite Coalfield, and approximate storage volumes. Model results should not be considered accurate for detailed simulation of flow within a single MCU or individual flooded mine. Although improvements in the model calibration were possible by introducing spatial variability in permeability parameters and adjusting barrier properties, more detailed parameterizations have increased uncertainty because of the limited data set.\r\nThe preliminary identification of data needs includes continuous streamflow, mine discharge rate, and groundwater levels in the mines and adjacent areas. Data collected whe","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20105261","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection, Eastern Pennsylvania Coalition for Abandoned Mine Reclamation, and Dauphin County Conservation District","usgsCitation":"Goode, D., Cravotta, C.A., Hornberger, R.J., Hewitt, M.A., Hughes, R.E., Koury, D.J., and Eicholtz, L., 2011, Water budgets and groundwater volumes for abandoned underground mines in the Western Middle Anthracite Coalfield, Schuylkill, Columbia, and Northumberland Counties, Pennsylvania: Preliminary estimates with identification of data needs: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2010-5261, vii, 54 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20105261.","productDescription":"vii, 54 p.","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116258,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2010_5261.png"},{"id":410516,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_95039.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":14534,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5261/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Pennsylvania","otherGeospatial":"Columbia County, Northumberland County, Schuylkill County","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -76.8333,\n 40.7042\n ],\n [\n -76.8333,\n 40.8653\n ],\n [\n -76.0431,\n 40.8653\n ],\n [\n -76.0431,\n 40.7042\n ],\n [\n -76.8333,\n 40.7042\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a08e4b07f02db5fa305","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Goode, Daniel J. 0000-0002-8527-2456 djgoode@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8527-2456","contributorId":2433,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goode","given":"Daniel J.","email":"djgoode@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":307505,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cravotta, Charles A. 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These system state variables include the distribution of heads within an aquifer, streamflow rates within a hydraulically connected stream, and flow rates into or out of aquifer storage. This report documents the new State Variables Package for the Groundwater-Management Process of MODFLOW-2005 (GWM-2005). The new package provides a means to explicitly represent heads, streamflows, and changes in aquifer storage as state variables in a GWM-2005 simulation. The availability of these state variables makes it possible to include system state in the objective function and enhances existing capabilities for constructing constraint sets for a groundwater-management formulation. The new package can be used to address groundwater-management problems such as the determination of withdrawal strategies that meet water-supply demands while simultaneously maximizing heads or streamflows, or minimizing changes in aquifer storage. Four sample problems are provided to demonstrate use of the new package for typical groundwater-management applications.\r\n","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/tm6A36","usgsCitation":"Ahlfeld, D.P., Barlow, P.M., and Baker, K.M., 2011, Documentation for the State Variables Package for the Groundwater-Management Process of MODFLOW-2005 (GWM-2005): U.S. Geological Survey Techniques and Methods 6-A36, vii, 45 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/tm6A36.","productDescription":"vii, 45 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":494,"text":"Office of Groundwater","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116254,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/tm_6_A36.gif"},{"id":14532,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/tm6-a36/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a6be4b07f02db63d762","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ahlfeld, David P.","contributorId":49464,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ahlfeld","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307498,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barlow, Paul M. 0000-0003-4247-6456 pbarlow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4247-6456","contributorId":1200,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barlow","given":"Paul","email":"pbarlow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":307496,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Baker, Kristine M.","contributorId":21250,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baker","given":"Kristine","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307497,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":9000626,"text":"ofr20111048 - 2011 - Predicting spread of invasive exotic plants into dewatered reservoirs after dam removal on the Elwha River, Olympic National Park, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-10-01T18:24:23.557322","indexId":"ofr20111048","displayToPublicDate":"2011-03-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-1048","title":"Predicting spread of invasive exotic plants into dewatered reservoirs after dam removal on the Elwha River, Olympic National Park, Washington","docAbstract":"The National Park Service is planning to start the restoration of the Elwha River ecosystem in Olympic National Park by removing two high head dams beginning in 2011. The potential for dispersal of exotic plants into dewatered reservoirs following dam removal, which would inhibit restoration of native vegetation, is of great concern. We focused on predicting long-distance dispersal of invasive exotic plants rather than diffusive spread because local sources of invasive species have been surveyed. We included the long-distance dispersal vectors: wind, water, birds, beavers, ungulates, and users of roads and trails. Using information about the current distribution of invasive species from two surveys, various geographic information system techniques and models, and statistical methods, we identified high-priority areas for Park staff to treat prior to dam removal, and areas of the dewatered reservoirs at risk after dam removal.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20111048","usgsCitation":"Woodward, A., Torgersen, C.E., Chenoweth, J., Beirne, K., and Acker, S., 2011, Predicting spread of invasive exotic plants into dewatered reservoirs after dam removal on the Elwha River, Olympic National Park, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1048, vi, 64 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111048.","productDescription":"vi, 64 p.","numberOfPages":"64","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":19219,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1048/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":116252,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2011_1048.jpg"},{"id":390137,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_95032.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Olympic National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123.6117,\n 47.89056441663247\n ],\n [\n -123.519287109375,\n 47.89056441663247\n ],\n [\n -123.519287109375,\n 48.100094697973795\n ],\n [\n -123.6117,\n 48.100094697973795\n ],\n [\n -123.6117,\n 47.89056441663247\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acce4b07f02db67e816","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Woodward, Andrea 0000-0003-0604-9115 awoodward@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0604-9115","contributorId":3028,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woodward","given":"Andrea","email":"awoodward@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":344385,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Torgersen, Christian E. 0000-0001-8325-2737 ctorgersen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8325-2737","contributorId":3578,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Torgersen","given":"Christian","email":"ctorgersen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":344386,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chenoweth, Joshua","contributorId":35054,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chenoweth","given":"Joshua","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344387,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Beirne, Katherine","contributorId":58754,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beirne","given":"Katherine","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344388,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Acker, Steve","contributorId":95603,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Acker","given":"Steve","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344389,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70173477,"text":"70173477 - 2011 - Implications of community concordance for assessing stream integrity at three nested spatial scales in Minnesota, U.S.A.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-03-25T19:46:10.797249","indexId":"70173477","displayToPublicDate":"2011-03-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1696,"text":"Freshwater Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Implications of community concordance for assessing stream integrity at three nested spatial scales in Minnesota, U.S.A.","docAbstract":"1. Fish and invertebrate assemblage data collected from 670 stream sites in Minnesota (U.S.A.) were used to calculate concordance across three nested spatial scales (statewide, ecoregion and catchment). Predictive taxa richness models, calibrated using the same data, were used to evaluate whether concordant communities exhibited similar trends in human‐induced taxa loss across all three scales. Finally, we evaluated the strength of the relationship between selected environmental variables and the composition of both assemblages at all three spatial scales.
2. Significant concordance between fish and invertebrate communities occurred at the statewide scale as well as in six of seven ecoregions and 17 of the 21 major catchments. However, concordance was not consistently indicative of significant relationships between rates of fish and invertebrate taxa loss at those same scales.
3. Fish and invertebrate communities were largely associated with different environmental variables, although the composition of both communities was strongly correlated with stream size across all three scales.
4. Predictive taxa‐loss models for fish assemblages were less sensitive and precise than models for invertebrate assemblages, likely because of the relatively low number of common fish taxa in our data set. Both models, however, distinguished reference from non‐reference sites.
5. The importance of concordance, geographic context and scale are discussed in relation to the design and interpretation of stream integrity indicators. In particular, our findings suggest that community concordance should not be viewed as a substitute for an evaluation of how assemblages respond to environmental stressors.
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J.","contributorId":7178,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chizinski","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":638319,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Vondracek, Bruce C. bcv@usgs.gov","contributorId":904,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vondracek","given":"Bruce","email":"bcv@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":637179,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":99079,"text":"sir20105182 - 2011 - Effectiveness of catch basins equipped with hoods in retaining gross solids and hydrocarbons in highway runoff, Southeast Expressway, Boston, Massachusetts, 2008-09","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-18T20:39:54.959092","indexId":"sir20105182","displayToPublicDate":"2011-03-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-5182","title":"Effectiveness of catch basins equipped with hoods in retaining gross solids and hydrocarbons in highway runoff, Southeast Expressway, Boston, Massachusetts, 2008-09","docAbstract":"Stormwater mobilizes litter and other debris along the roadway where it is transported to the highway drainage systems. Initial treatment for stormwater runoff typically is provided by catch basins in highway settings. Modification of catch basins to include hoods that cover the catch-basin outlet is intended to enhance catch-basin performance by retaining floatable debris and various hydrophobic organic compounds that tend to float on the water surface within the sump of the catch basin.\r\n\r\nThe effectiveness of six deep-sump off-line catch basins equipped with hoods in reducing the mass of gross solids greater than 0.25 inches in diameter and concentrations of oil and grease (OG) and total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) was examined along the Southeast Expressway, in Boston, Massachusetts. Two deep-sump catch basins were equipped with cast-iron hoods. Three were equipped with molded plastic hoods, known as an Eliminator, and a single catch basin was equipped with a fiberglass anti-siphoning hood, known as a Snout. Samples of gross solids greater than 0.25 inches in diameter, excluding gravel and metallic materials, were routinely collected for a 6-month period from a collection structure mounted at the end of each catch-basin outlet pipe. After about 6 months, all floatable, saturated low-density and high-density solids were removed from each catch basin. In addition to the collection of samples of gross solids, samples of sump water from five catch basins and flow-weighted composite samples of stormwater from the outlet of one catch basin were collected and analyzed for concentrations of OG and TPH.\r\n\r\nA mass balance approach was used to assess the effectiveness of each catch basin equipped with a hood in retaining gross solids. The effectiveness of the deep-sump catch basins fitted with one of three types of hoods in retaining gross solids ranged from 27 to 52 percent. From 45 to 90 percent of the gross solids collected from the catch-basin sumps were composed of materials made of high-density plastics that did not float in water, and as a result, the effect that the catch-basin hoods had on these materials likely was marginal. The effectiveness for the deep-sump hooded catch basins, excluding the mass of high-density materials identified in the solids collected from the outlet pipe and the sump of the catch basins, ranged from 13 to 38 percent. The effectiveness for each catch basin, based solely on the material that remained floating at the end of the monitoring period, was less than 11 percent; however, these values likely underestimate the effectiveness of the hooded catch basins because much of the low-density material collected from the sumps may have been retained as floatable material before it was saturated and settled during non-storm conditions. The effectiveness of the catch basins equipped with hoods in reducing gross solids was not greatly different among the three types of hoods tested in this study.\r\n\r\nConcentrations of OG and TPH collected from the water surface of the catch-basins varied from catch basin to catch basin and were similar to concentrations of flow-weighted composite samples collected during storms. Comparisons indicate concentrations of OG and TPH in flow-weighted composite samples collected at the outlet of a catch basin equipped with an Eliminator hood were not substantially different from concentrations of the respective constituents in flow-weighted composite samples collected during a previous study from catch basins containing cast-iron hoods in the same study area. The similarity between these flow-weighted concentrations and the concentrations of the respective constituents in a vertical profile sample collected from the catch-basin sump indicates that OG and TPH are emulsified in the sump of each catch basin during storms and circumvent the hoods.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20105182","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Federal Highway Administration and the Massachusetts Department of Transportation","usgsCitation":"Smith, K.P., 2011, Effectiveness of catch basins equipped with hoods in retaining gross solids and hydrocarbons in highway runoff, Southeast Expressway, Boston, Massachusetts, 2008-09: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2010-5182, vii, 24 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20105182.","productDescription":"vii, 24 p.","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":423715,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_95037.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":14528,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5182/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":116023,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2010_5182.gif"}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts","county":"Boston","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -71.05,\n 42.2833\n ],\n [\n -71.05,\n 42.3083\n ],\n [\n -71.0417,\n 42.3083\n ],\n [\n -71.0417,\n 42.2833\n ],\n [\n -71.05,\n 42.2833\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4be4b07f02db625324","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, Kirk P. 0000-0003-0269-474X kpsmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0269-474X","contributorId":1516,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Kirk","email":"kpsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":307486,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":99080,"text":"sir20105255 - 2011 - A digital terrain model of bathymetry and shallow-zone bottom-substrate classification for Spednic Lake and estimates of lake-level-dependent habitat to support smallmouth bass persistence modeling","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-14T19:31:51.140345","indexId":"sir20105255","displayToPublicDate":"2011-03-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-5255","title":"A digital terrain model of bathymetry and shallow-zone bottom-substrate classification for Spednic Lake and estimates of lake-level-dependent habitat to support smallmouth bass persistence modeling","docAbstract":"In 2009, the U.S. Geological Survey entered into a cooperative agreement with the International Joint Commission, St. Croix River Board to do an analysis of historical smallmouth bass habitat as a function of lake level for Spednic Lake in an effort to quantify the effects, if any, of historical lake-level management and meteorological conditions (from 1970 to 2009) on smallmouth bass year-class failure. The analysis requires estimating habitat availability as a function of lake level during spawning periods from 1970 to 2009, which is documented in this report. Field work was done from October 19 to 23, and from November 2 to 10, 2009, to acquire acoustic bathymetric (depth) data and acoustic data indicating the character of the surficial lake-bottom sediments. Historical lake-level data during smallmouth bass spawning (May-June) were applied to the bathymetric and surficial-sediment type data sets to produce annual historic estimates of smallmouth-bass-spawning-habitat area. Results show that minimum lake level during the spawning period explained most of the variability (R2 = 0.89) in available spawning habitat for nearshore areas of shallow slope (less than 10 degrees) on the basis of linear correlation. The change in lake level during the spawning period explained most of the variability (R2 = 0.90) in available spawning habitat for areas of steeper slopes (10 to 40 degrees) on the basis of linear correlation. The next step in modeling historic smallmouth bass year-class persistence is to combine this analysis of the effects of lake-level management on habitat availability with meteorological conditions.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20105255","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the International Joint Commission, International St. Croix River Watershed Board","usgsCitation":"Dudley, R.W., Schalk, C.W., Stasulis, N.W., and Trial, J.G., 2011, A digital terrain model of bathymetry and shallow-zone bottom-substrate classification for Spednic Lake and estimates of lake-level-dependent habitat to support smallmouth bass persistence modeling: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2010-5255, vi, 18 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20105255.","productDescription":"vi, 18 p.","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":371,"text":"Maine Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":423579,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_95038.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":116020,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2010_5255.gif"},{"id":14529,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5255/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"Canada, United States","otherGeospatial":"Spednic Lake, St. Croix River basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -68.12848812846265,\n 45.17183888440949\n ],\n [\n -68.02413711956018,\n 45.92158213293316\n ],\n [\n -67.53951255336902,\n 45.92369559065789\n ],\n [\n -67.03409924028345,\n 45.12380941051831\n ],\n [\n -67.75504495092216,\n 45.047758502732\n ],\n [\n -68.12848812846265,\n 45.17183888440949\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b25e4b07f02db6aed3b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dudley, Robert W. 0000-0002-0934-0568 rwdudley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0934-0568","contributorId":2223,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dudley","given":"Robert","email":"rwdudley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":371,"text":"Maine Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":307488,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schalk, Charles W. cwschalk@usgs.gov","contributorId":1726,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schalk","given":"Charles","email":"cwschalk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":371,"text":"Maine Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":307487,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stasulis, Nicholas W. 0000-0001-7645-4867 nstasuli@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7645-4867","contributorId":4520,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stasulis","given":"Nicholas","email":"nstasuli@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":307489,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Trial, Joan G.","contributorId":91156,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trial","given":"Joan","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307490,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70189043,"text":"70189043 - 2011 - Self-potential investigations of a gravel bar in a restored river corridor","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-29T13:33:40","indexId":"70189043","displayToPublicDate":"2011-03-04T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1928,"text":"Hydrology and Earth System Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Self-potential investigations of a gravel bar in a restored river corridor","docAbstract":"Self-potentials (SP) are sensitive to water fluxes and concentration gradients in both saturated and unsaturated geological media, but quantitative interpretations of SP field data may often be hindered by the superposition of different source contributions and time-varying electrode potentials. Self-potential mapping and close to two months of SP monitoring on a gravel bar were performed to investigate the origins of SP signals at a restored river section of the Thur River in northeastern Switzerland. The SP mapping and subsequent inversion of the data indicate that the SP sources are mainly located in the upper few meters in regions of soil cover rather than bare gravel. Wavelet analyses of the time-series indicate a strong, but non-linear influence of water table and water content variations, as well as rainfall intensity on the recorded SP signals. Modeling of the SP response with respect to an increase in the water table elevation and precipitation indicate that the distribution of soil properties in the vadose zone has a very strong influence. We conclude that the observed SP responses on the gravel bar are more complicated than previously proposed semi-empiric relationships between SP signals and hydraulic head or the thickness of the vadose zone. We suggest that future SP monitoring in restored river corridors should either focus on quantifying vadose zone processes by installing vertical profiles of closely spaced SP electrodes or by installing the electrodes within the river to avoid signals arising from vadose zone processes and time-varying electrochemical conditions in the vicinity of the electrodes.
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