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,{"id":70020066,"text":"70020066 - 2011 - Age at sexual maturity, sex ratio, fecundity, and longevity of isolated headwater populations of westslope cutthroat trout","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-03-25T16:00:37.90183","indexId":"70020066","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-08T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Age at sexual maturity, sex ratio, fecundity, and longevity of isolated headwater populations of westslope cutthroat trout","docAbstract":"<p><span>We sampled 19 isolated headwater populations of westslope cutthroat trout&nbsp;</span><i>Oncorhynchus clarki lewisi</i><span>&nbsp;in Montana to provide estimates of fecundity, longevity, sex ratio, and age at sexual maturity. Fecundity was estimated for 31 fish collected from two streams in the upper Missouri River drainage. Females smaller than 149 mm fork length (FL) were generally immature and their fecundities could not be estimated. Mean fecundities (SD) were 227 eggs (41.1) for 150–174-mm fish, 346 eggs (85.6) for 175–199-mm fish, and 459 eggs (150.8) for 200-mm and larger fish. A linear regression model (two stream samples combined) to predict fecundity (</span><i>E</i><span>) from fork length was developed (</span><i>E</i><span>&nbsp;= −494.9 + 4.4sFL;&nbsp;</span><i>r</i><sup>2</sup><span>&nbsp;= 0.51,&nbsp;</span><i>P</i><span>&nbsp;&lt; 0.001) for westslope cutthroat trout in the upper Missouri River drainage. Regression slopes of fecundity against fish length differed significantly (</span><i>P</i><span>&nbsp;&lt; 0.01) between these and some of the previously studied populations. Steeper slopes were associated with lacustrine-adfluvial populations. The average sex ratio was 1.3 males per female across all sampled streams. Males began to mature sexually at age 2 and all were mature by age 4. Some females (27%) were sexually mature at age 3 and most of them (93%) were mature by age 5. Length was a better predictor of sexual maturity than age. Males matured at 110–160 mm and females at 150–180 mm FL. The maximum estimated age was 8 years based on otoliths from 475 fish collected from our 19 study streams and 14 additional streams.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1577/1548-8675(1997)017<0085:AASMSR>2.3.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Downs, C.C., White, R.G., and Shepard, B., 2011, Age at sexual maturity, sex ratio, fecundity, and longevity of isolated headwater populations of westslope cutthroat trout: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 17, no. 1, p. 85-92, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8675(1997)017<0085:AASMSR>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"85","endPage":"92","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228113,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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,{"id":70209425,"text":"70209425 - 2011 - Modeling the fate and transport of polyaromatic hydrocarbons in the saturated zone, Grand Isle, Louisiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-04-07T11:40:29.077493","indexId":"70209425","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-07T06:32:25","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"title":"Modeling the fate and transport of polyaromatic hydrocarbons in the saturated zone, Grand Isle, Louisiana","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Summary report for fate and effects of remnant oil remaining in the beach environment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"language":"English","publisher":"United States Coast Guard","collaboration":"United States Coast Guard, Operational Science Advisory Team-2","usgsCitation":"Chapelle, F.H., and Widdowson, M.A., 2011, Modeling the fate and transport of polyaromatic hydrocarbons in the saturated zone, Grand Isle, Louisiana, 14 p.","productDescription":"14 p.","costCenters":[{"id":559,"text":"South Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":373775,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":373774,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.restorethegulf.gov/sites/default/files/documents/pdf/Annex%20D%20SEAM3D%20(2).pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana ","otherGeospatial":"Grand Isle","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -90.04703521728516,\n              29.199224392750896\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.04016876220703,\n              29.195627974328577\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.01888275146484,\n              29.21540671432929\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.9831771850586,\n              29.2333840743525\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.95193481445312,\n              29.251058733968815\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.94644165039062,\n              29.26543586583225\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.95502471923828,\n              29.2738215926495\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.97184753417969,\n              29.2651363628668\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.98523712158203,\n              29.263938342231818\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.9941635131836,\n              29.25854707567442\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.99862670898438,\n              29.24446853982615\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.01235961914061,\n              29.233683670282787\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.0216293334961,\n              29.230987275348557\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.03158569335938,\n              29.218403160129743\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.03982543945312,\n              29.208214886852588\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.04703521728516,\n              29.199224392750896\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chapelle, Francis H. chapelle@usgs.gov","contributorId":1350,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chapelle","given":"Francis","email":"chapelle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":559,"text":"South Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":786456,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Widdowson, Mark A.","contributorId":90379,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Widdowson","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":786457,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70073548,"text":"70073548 - 2011 - Aftershock distribution as a constraint on the geodetic model of coseismic slip for the 2004 Parkfield earthquake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-01-20T15:32:47","indexId":"70073548","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-04T14:53:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3208,"text":"Pure and Applied Geophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Aftershock distribution as a constraint on the geodetic model of coseismic slip for the 2004 Parkfield earthquake","docAbstract":"Several studies of the 2004 Parkfield earthquake have linked the spatial distribution of the event’s aftershocks to the mainshock slip distribution on the fault. Using geodetic data, we find a model of coseismic slip for the 2004 Parkfield earthquake with the constraint that the edges of coseismic slip patches align with aftershocks. The constraint is applied by encouraging the curvature of coseismic slip in each model cell to be equal to the negative of the curvature of seismicity density. The large patch of peak slip about 15 km northwest of the 2004 hypocenter found in the curvature-constrained model is in good agreement in location and amplitude with previous geodetic studies and the majority of strong motion studies. The curvature-constrained solution shows slip primarily between aftershock “streaks” with the continuation of moderate levels of slip to the southeast. These observations are in good agreement with strong motion studies, but inconsistent with the majority of published geodetic slip models. Southeast of the 2004 hypocenter, a patch of peak slip observed in strong motion studies is absent from our curvature-constrained model, but the available GPS data do not resolve slip in this region. We conclude that the geodetic slip model constrained by the aftershock distribution fits the geodetic data quite well and that inconsistencies between models derived from seismic and geodetic data can be attributed largely to resolution issues.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Pure and Applied Geophysics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00024-010-0214-x","usgsCitation":"Bennington, N., Thurber, C., Feigl, K., and Murray-Moraleda Jessica, 2011, Aftershock distribution as a constraint on the geodetic model of coseismic slip for the 2004 Parkfield earthquake: Pure and Applied Geophysics, v. 168, no. 10, p. 1553-1565, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00024-010-0214-x.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"1553","endPage":"1565","ipdsId":"IP-016723","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":281296,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":281295,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00024-010-0214-x"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"Parkfield","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -120.452654,35.879686 ], [ -120.452654,35.919686 ], [ -120.412654,35.919686 ], [ -120.412654,35.879686 ], [ -120.452654,35.879686 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"168","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-11-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd4bf1e4b0b290850f0a7b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bennington, Ninfa","contributorId":49699,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bennington","given":"Ninfa","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":488914,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thurber, Clifford","contributorId":44067,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thurber","given":"Clifford","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":488913,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Feigl, Kurt","contributorId":13895,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Feigl","given":"Kurt","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":488912,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Murray-Moraleda Jessica","contributorId":128202,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Murray-Moraleda Jessica","id":535624,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70175491,"text":"70175491 - 2011 - Chapter 9: Occurrence of small mammals: Deer mice and challenge of trapping across large spatial extents","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70175491,"text":"70175491 - 2011 - Chapter 9: Occurrence of small mammals: Deer mice and challenge of trapping across large spatial extents","indexId":"70175491","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"chapter":"9","title":"Chapter 9: Occurrence of small mammals: Deer mice and challenge of trapping across large spatial extents"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70118768,"text":"70118768 - 2011 - Sagebrush ecosystem conservation and management: Ecoregional assessment tools and models for the Wyoming Basins","indexId":"70118768","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"title":"Sagebrush ecosystem conservation and management: Ecoregional assessment tools and models for the Wyoming Basins"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":70118768,"text":"70118768 - 2011 - Sagebrush ecosystem conservation and management: Ecoregional assessment tools and models for the Wyoming Basins","indexId":"70118768","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"title":"Sagebrush ecosystem conservation and management: Ecoregional assessment tools and models for the Wyoming Basins"},"lastModifiedDate":"2020-08-31T14:41:55.24332","indexId":"70175491","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-04T01:15:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"9","title":"Chapter 9: Occurrence of small mammals: Deer mice and challenge of trapping across large spatial extents","docAbstract":"<p>Small mammal communities living in sagebrush (<i>Artemisia spp.</i>) may be sensitive to habitat isolation and invasion by exotic grass species. Yet there have been no spatially explicit models to improve our understanding of landscape-scale factors determining small mammal occurrence or abundance. We live-trapped small mammals at 186 locations in the Wyoming Basin Ecoregional Assessment area to develop species distribution (habitat) models for each species. Most small mammal species (n = 14) were trapped at a only few locations. As a result, we developed a small mammal model only for the deer mouse (<i>Peromyscus maniculatus</i>). Deer mice were associated with areas having moderately productive habitat as measured by Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), increased grassland land cover, contagion of sagebrush land cover, and proximity to intermittent water. The proportion of big sagebrush (<i>Artemisia tridentata</i>) within 0.27 km, proportion of mixed shrubland within 5 km, soil clay content, and proximity to pipelines were inversely related to the occurrence of deer mice. Understanding habitat characteristics for deer mice helps our overall understanding of the ecological processes within sagebrush habitats because deer mice act as predator, prey, competitor, and disease reservoir. Development of the empirical data necessary for spatially explicit habitat modeling of small mammal distributions at large spatial extents requires an extensive trapping effort in order to obtain enough observations to construct models, calculate robust detectability estimates, and overcome issues such as trap shyness and population cycling.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Sagebrush ecosystem conservation and management: Ecoregional assessment tools and models for the Wyoming Basins","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Allen Press","publisherLocation":"Lawrence, Kansas","isbn":"978-0-615-55530-0","usgsCitation":"Hanser, S.E., Leu, M., Aldridge, C.L., Nielsen, S.E., and Knick, S.T., 2011, Chapter 9: Occurrence of small mammals: Deer mice and challenge of trapping across large spatial extents, chap. 9 <i>of</i> Sagebrush ecosystem conservation and management: Ecoregional assessment tools and models for the Wyoming Basins, p. 337-356.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"337","endPage":"356","numberOfPages":"20","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":326481,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":378029,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ja/70175491/70175491.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"linkHelpText":"The U.S. Geological Survey has been given express permission by the publisher to provide full-text access online for this publication, and is posted with the express permission from the Publications Warehouse Guidance Subcommittee"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -111.03881835937499,\n              41.0130657870063\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.03881835937499,\n              44.99588261816546\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.073486328125,\n              44.99588261816546\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.073486328125,\n              41.0130657870063\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.03881835937499,\n              41.0130657870063\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","publicComments":"The U.S. Geological Survey has been given express permission by the publisher to provide full-text access online for this publication, and is posted with the express permission from the Publications Warehouse Guidance Subcommittee","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57b2e7bfe4b03bcb0102e91c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hanser, Steven E. 0000-0002-4430-2073 shanser@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4430-2073","contributorId":127554,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanser","given":"Steven","email":"shanser@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":645457,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Leu, Matthias","contributorId":68393,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leu","given":"Matthias","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":645458,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Aldridge, Cameron L. 0000-0003-3926-6941 aldridgec@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3926-6941","contributorId":191773,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aldridge","given":"Cameron","email":"aldridgec@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":645459,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nielsen, Scott E.","contributorId":65190,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nielsen","given":"Scott","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":645460,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Knick, Steven T. 0000-0003-4025-1704 steve_knick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4025-1704","contributorId":159,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knick","given":"Steven","email":"steve_knick@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":645461,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70175492,"text":"70175492 - 2011 - Chapter 10: Occurrence of non-native invasive plants: The role of anthropogenic features","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70175492,"text":"70175492 - 2011 - Chapter 10: Occurrence of non-native invasive plants: The role of anthropogenic features","indexId":"70175492","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"chapter":"10","title":"Chapter 10: Occurrence of non-native invasive plants: The role of anthropogenic features"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70118768,"text":"70118768 - 2011 - Sagebrush ecosystem conservation and management: Ecoregional assessment tools and models for the Wyoming Basins","indexId":"70118768","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"title":"Sagebrush ecosystem conservation and management: Ecoregional assessment tools and models for the Wyoming Basins"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":70118768,"text":"70118768 - 2011 - Sagebrush ecosystem conservation and management: Ecoregional assessment tools and models for the Wyoming Basins","indexId":"70118768","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"title":"Sagebrush ecosystem conservation and management: Ecoregional assessment tools and models for the Wyoming Basins"},"lastModifiedDate":"2020-08-31T14:44:21.167871","indexId":"70175492","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-04T01:15:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"10","title":"Chapter 10: Occurrence of non-native invasive plants: The role of anthropogenic features","docAbstract":"<p>The invasion of non-native plants in the Wyoming Basins Ecoregional Assessment (WBEA) area is a major economic and ecological stress, with invasions thought to be hastened by energy developments. Given the potential impacts of nonnative invasive plants and the rapid changes in land use in the WBEA, broad-scale assessments and predictive models of nonnative invasive plant distribution are needed. Using this information, the current extent of populations for targeting treatment and monitoring can be identified, the habitat affinities for forecasting where weeds may establish next determined, and the responses to individual human disturbances (such as energy developments) predicted. To address these needs, we conducted vegetation surveys across the WBEA area at 317 individual survey blocks (five plots per survey block) during the summers of 2005 and 2006. Survey blocks were stratified by both human disturbance and habitat productivity; in each of five plots per survey block the occurrence of 23 common nonnative invasive plants was recorded during early and late season surveys. Here, we report on the four most common invasive plants, crested wheatgrass (<i>Agropyron cristatum</i>), cheatgrass (<i>Bromus tectorum</i>), halogeton (<i>Halogeton glomeratus</i>), and Russian thistle (<i>Salsola spp.</i>). Occurrence models were generated for each species using random-effects logistic regression to account for nesting of plots within sample sites. Predictors of occupancy included local habitat, abiotic condition, and distance to anthropogenic features. Although occurrences of all four invasive plants were affected by habitat, abiotic, and anthropogenic factors, cheatgrass and Russian thistle were most strongly associated with anthropogenic disturbance, primarily major roads and energy well sites. We assessed relationships between environmental and anthropogenic predictors and species occurrences to identify the major factors affecting current species distribution, examined shape of the response in occurrence in relation to proximity to individual anthropogenic disturbances, and provided spatial predictions of the locations where invasive plants are most likely to occur.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Sagebrush ecosystem conservation and management: Ecoregional assessment tools and models for the Wyoming Basins","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Allen Press","publisherLocation":"Lawrence, Kansas","isbn":"978-0-615-55530-0","usgsCitation":"Nielsen, S.E., Aldridge, C.L., Hanser, S.E., Leu, M., and Knick, S.T., 2011, Chapter 10: Occurrence of non-native invasive plants: The role of anthropogenic features, chap. 10 <i>of</i> Sagebrush ecosystem conservation and management: Ecoregional assessment tools and models for the Wyoming Basins, p. 357-386.","productDescription":"30 p.","startPage":"357","endPage":"386","numberOfPages":"30","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":326483,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":378030,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ja/70175492/70175492.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"linkHelpText":"The U.S. Geological Survey has been given express permission by the publisher to provide full-text access online for this publication, and is posted with the express permission from the Publications Warehouse Guidance Subcommittee"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -111.03881835937499,\n              41.0130657870063\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.03881835937499,\n              44.99588261816546\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.073486328125,\n              44.99588261816546\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.073486328125,\n              41.0130657870063\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.03881835937499,\n              41.0130657870063\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","publicComments":"The U.S. Geological Survey has been given express permission by the publisher to provide full-text access online for this publication, and is posted with the express permission from the Publications Warehouse Guidance Subcommittee","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57b2e7c0e4b03bcb0102e921","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nielsen, Scott E.","contributorId":65190,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nielsen","given":"Scott","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":645474,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Aldridge, Cameron L. 0000-0003-3926-6941 aldridgec@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3926-6941","contributorId":191773,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aldridge","given":"Cameron","email":"aldridgec@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":645475,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hanser, Steven E. 0000-0002-4430-2073 shanser@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4430-2073","contributorId":127554,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanser","given":"Steven","email":"shanser@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":645476,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Leu, Matthias","contributorId":68393,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leu","given":"Matthias","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":645477,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Knick, Steven T. 0000-0003-4025-1704 steve_knick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4025-1704","contributorId":159,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knick","given":"Steven","email":"steve_knick@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":645478,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70043240,"text":"70043240 - 2011 - A westward extension of the warm pool leads to a westward extension of the Walker circulation, drying eastern Africa","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-27T19:45:30.990936","indexId":"70043240","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-04T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1248,"text":"Climate Dynamics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A westward extension of the warm pool leads to a westward extension of the Walker circulation, drying eastern Africa","docAbstract":"<p><span>Observations and simulations link anthropogenic greenhouse and aerosol emissions with rapidly increasing Indian Ocean sea surface temperatures (SSTs). Over the past 60&nbsp;years, the Indian Ocean warmed two to three times faster than the central tropical Pacific, extending the tropical warm pool to the west by ~40° longitude (&gt;4,000&nbsp;km). This propensity toward rapid warming in the Indian Ocean has been the dominant mode of interannual variability among SSTs throughout the tropical Indian and Pacific Oceans (55°E–140°W) since at least 1948, explaining more variance than anomalies associated with the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO). In the atmosphere, the primary mode of variability has been a corresponding trend toward greatly increased convection and precipitation over the tropical Indian Ocean. The temperature and rainfall increases in this region have produced a westward extension of the western, ascending branch of the atmospheric Walker circulation. Diabatic heating due to increased mid-tropospheric water vapor condensation elicits a westward atmospheric response that sends an easterly flow of dry air aloft toward eastern Africa. In recent decades (1980–2009), this response has suppressed convection over tropical eastern Africa, decreasing precipitation during the ‘long-rains’ season of March–June. This trend toward drought contrasts with projections of increased rainfall in eastern Africa and more ‘El Niño-like’ conditions globally by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Increased Indian Ocean SSTs appear likely to continue to strongly modulate the Warm Pool circulation, reducing precipitation in eastern Africa, regardless of whether the projected trend in ENSO is realized. These results have important food security implications, informing agricultural development, environmental conservation, and water resource planning.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1007/s00382-010-0984-y","usgsCitation":"Williams, A.P., and Funk, C.C., 2011, A westward extension of the warm pool leads to a westward extension of the Walker circulation, drying eastern Africa: Climate Dynamics, v. 37, p. 2417-2435, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-010-0984-y.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"2417","endPage":"2435","ipdsId":"IP-024695","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475043,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-010-0984-y","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":270810,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Africa","volume":"37","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-01-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5167db62e4b0ec0efb666ef0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Williams, A. Park","contributorId":88456,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"Park","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473219,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Funk, Christopher C. 0000-0002-9254-6718 cfunk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9254-6718","contributorId":721,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Funk","given":"Christopher","email":"cfunk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":473218,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70175493,"text":"70175493 - 2011 - Chapter 11: Management considerations","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70175493,"text":"70175493 - 2011 - Chapter 11: Management considerations","indexId":"70175493","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"chapter":"11","title":"Chapter 11: Management considerations"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70118768,"text":"70118768 - 2011 - Sagebrush ecosystem conservation and management: Ecoregional assessment tools and models for the Wyoming Basins","indexId":"70118768","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"title":"Sagebrush ecosystem conservation and management: Ecoregional assessment tools and models for the Wyoming Basins"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":70118768,"text":"70118768 - 2011 - Sagebrush ecosystem conservation and management: Ecoregional assessment tools and models for the Wyoming Basins","indexId":"70118768","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"title":"Sagebrush ecosystem conservation and management: Ecoregional assessment tools and models for the Wyoming Basins"},"lastModifiedDate":"2020-08-31T14:47:15.690862","indexId":"70175493","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-03T01:15:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"11","title":"Chapter 11: Management considerations","docAbstract":"<p>We conducted an ecoregional assessment of sagebrush (<i>Artemisia spp.</i>) ecosystems in the Wyoming Basins and surrounding regions (WBEA) to determine broad-scale species-environmental relationships. Our goal was to assess the potential influence from threats to the sagebrush ecosystem on associated wildlife through the use of spatially explicit occurrence and abundance models. These models were developed using information from field surveys conducted along gradients of vegetation productivity and human disturbance integrated with spatial datasets delineating land cover, topography, and human land use in the WBEA area. Our evaluation included all sagebrush-associated wildlife species across multiple taxa whose habitat requirements and distributions were appropriate for modeling and interpretation at the broad scales of this assessment. Dominant land uses were included in delineating the human footprint. Although overall levels of the cumulative human footprint were generally low across the WBEA area, oil and gas activities have decreased the amount of shrubland habitats and increased fragmentation within development regions over the last century. At the scale of this assessment, the influence of humans was primarily expressed as an indirect function through actions that altered or reduced available habitat. We identified 65 plant species of conservation concern; 28 of 40 vertebrate species associated with sagebrush were species of concern in at least one state. We modeled environmental relationships for 15 wildlife species from data collected from surveys conducted in 2005 and 2006 designed to sample multiple species and taxa along land cover and land use gradients across the WBEA area. Occurrence of 3 species was negatively influenced by human features; anthropogenic features were a positive influence for 3 species, 8 had a mixed response, and 1 had no measurable relationship. Sagebrush land cover, considered in all wildlife models, was important to most species but differed among species in the proportion of sagebrush required and at what spatial extent. For most species examined, the spatial extent at which sagebrush cover influenced the probability of occupancy was much larger than an individual’s home range size. Exotic plants were strongly associated with human features, particularly roads, which may function as linear vectors to facilitate spread of exotic plants across the WBEA area. We used coarse-grained spatial and thematic data because of the large spatial extent (350,000 km<sup>2</sup>) of the WBEA area and the need for a consistent land cover map for the region. Distributions of species occurrence or abundance mapped in this assessment need to be corroborated with information on population demographics. In addition, our results should be interpreted relative to assumptions inherent in broad-scale ecoregional assessments. Our assessment provides managers with extensive and detailed maps of occurrence and abundance, allowing for status assessments of native species, diversity and richness, natural communities, and ecological systems present within the Wyoming Basins.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Sagebrush ecosystem conservation and management: Ecoregional assessment tools and models for the Wyoming Basins","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Allen Press","publisherLocation":"Lawrence, Kansas","isbn":"978-0-615-55530-0","usgsCitation":"Knick, S.T., Hanser, S.E., Leu, M., Aldridge, C.L., Nielsen, S.E., Rowland, M.M., Finn, S.P., and Wisdom, M.J., 2011, Chapter 11: Management considerations, chap. 11 <i>of</i> Sagebrush ecosystem conservation and management: Ecoregional assessment tools and models for the Wyoming Basins, p. 387-409.","productDescription":"23 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E.","contributorId":65190,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nielsen","given":"Scott","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":645487,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Rowland, Mary M.","contributorId":173292,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rowland","given":"Mary","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":6661,"text":"US Fish and Wildlife Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":645488,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Finn, Sean P.","contributorId":106623,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finn","given":"Sean","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":645489,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Wisdom, Michael 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,{"id":70003914,"text":"70003914 - 2011 - Portrait of a small population of boreal toads (<i>Anaxyrus boreas</i>)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-06-08T01:01:35","indexId":"70003914","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T16:38:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1892,"text":"Herpetologica","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Portrait of a small population of boreal toads (<i>Anaxyrus boreas</i>)","docAbstract":"Much attention has been given to the conservation of small populations, those that are small because of decline, and those that are naturally small. Small populations are of particular interest because ecological theory suggests that they are vulnerable to the deleterious effects of environmental, demographic, and genetic stochasticity as well as natural and human-induced catastrophes. However, testing theory and developing applicable conservation measures for small populations is hampered by sparse data. This lack of information is frequently driven by computational issues with small data sets that can be confounded by the impacts of stressors. We present estimates of demographic parameters from a small population of Boreal Toads (Anaxyrus boreas) that has been surveyed since 2001 by using capture-recapture methods. Estimates of annual adult survival probability are high relative to other Boreal Toad populations, whereas estimates of recruitment rate are low. Despite using simple models, clear patterns emerged from the analyses, suggesting that population size is constrained by low recruitment of adults and is declining slowly. These patterns provide insights that are useful in developing management directions for this small population, and this study serves as an example of the potential for small populations to yield robust and useful information despite sample size constraints.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Herpetologica","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"The Herpetologists' League","publisherLocation":"http://www.herpetologistsleague.org","doi":"10.1655/HERPETOLOGICA-D-11-00016.1","usgsCitation":"Muths, E., and Scherer, R.D., 2011, Portrait of a small population of boreal toads (<i>Anaxyrus boreas</i>): Herpetologica, v. 67, no. 4, p. 369-377, https://doi.org/10.1655/HERPETOLOGICA-D-11-00016.1.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"369","endPage":"377","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":257317,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":257315,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1655/HERPETOLOGICA-D-11-00016.1","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"volume":"67","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7dffe4b0c8380cd7a29a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Muths, Erin 0000-0002-5498-3132","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5498-3132","contributorId":14012,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muths","given":"Erin","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349459,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Scherer, Rick D.","contributorId":97368,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Scherer","given":"Rick","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":6674,"text":"Department of Integrative Biology, University of Colorado Denver","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":349460,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70046514,"text":"70046514 - 2011 - Integrating field observations and inverse and forward modeling: application at a site with acidic, heavy-metal-contaminated groundwater","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-29T09:47:43","indexId":"70046514","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T16:20:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"8","title":"Integrating field observations and inverse and forward modeling: application at a site with acidic, heavy-metal-contaminated groundwater","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geochemical modeling of groundwater: vadose and geothermal systems","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"CRC Press","publisherLocation":"Leiden","isbn":"9780415668101; 9781439870532","usgsCitation":"Glynn, P.D., and Brown, J.G., 2011, Integrating field observations and inverse and forward modeling: application at a site with acidic, heavy-metal-contaminated groundwater, chap. 8 <i>of</i> Geochemical modeling of groundwater: vadose and geothermal systems, v. 6, p. 181-233.","productDescription":"53 p.","startPage":"181","endPage":"233","ipdsId":"IP-030289","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":356906,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":356905,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/nrp/proj.bib/Publications/2011/glynn_2011.pdf#page=23"}],"volume":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b98b475e4b0702d0e844b44","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Glynn, Pierre D. 0000-0001-8804-7003 pglynn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8804-7003","contributorId":2141,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Glynn","given":"Pierre","email":"pglynn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":518000,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brown, James G.","contributorId":81094,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":518001,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70118623,"text":"70118623 - 2011 - Allelopathic cover crop prior to seeding is more important than subsequent grazing/mowing in grassland establishment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-29T16:14:57","indexId":"70118623","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T16:13:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3228,"text":"Rangeland Ecology and Management","onlineIssn":"1551-5028","printIssn":"1550-7424","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Allelopathic cover crop prior to seeding is more important than subsequent grazing/mowing in grassland establishment","docAbstract":"The effects of grazing, mowing, and type of cover crop were evaluated in a previous winter wheat–fallow cropland seeded to grassland under the Conservation Reserve Program in eastern Colorado. Prior to seeding, the fallow strips were planted to forage sorghum or wheat in alternating strips (cover crops), with no grazing, moderate to heavy grazing, and mowing (grazing treatments) superimposed 4 yr after planting and studied for 3 yr. Plots previously in wheat had more annual and exotic species than sorghum plots. Concomitantly, there were much greater abundances of perennial native grass and all native species in sorghum than wheat cropped areas. The competitive advantage gained by seeded species in sorghum plots resulted in large increases in rhizomatous western wheatgrass. Sorghum is known to be allelopathic and is used in crop agriculture rotations to suppress weeds and increase crop yields, consistent with the responses of weed and desired native species in this study. Grazing treatment had relatively minor effects on basal and canopy cover composition of annual or exotic species versus perennial native grass or native species. Although grazing treatment never was a significant main effect, it occasionally modified cover crop or year effects. Opportunistic grazing reduced exotic cheatgrass by year 3 but also decreased the native palatable western wheatgrass. Mowing was a less effective weed control practice than grazing. Vegetative basal cover and aboveground primary production varied primarily with year. Common management practices for revegetation/restoration currently use herbicides and mowing as weed control practices and restrict grazing in all stages of development. Results suggest that allelopathic cover crop selection and opportunistic grazing can be effective alternative grass establishment and weed control practices. Susceptibility, resistance, and interactions of weed and seeded species to allelopathic cover species/cultivars may be a fruitful area of research.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Rangeland Ecology and Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Society for Range Management","publisherLocation":"Lakewood, CO","doi":"10.2111/REM-D-10-00117.1","usgsCitation":"Milchunas, D.G., Vandever, M., Ball, L.O., and Hyberg, S., 2011, Allelopathic cover crop prior to seeding is more important than subsequent grazing/mowing in grassland establishment: Rangeland Ecology and Management, v. 64, no. 3, p. 291-300, https://doi.org/10.2111/REM-D-10-00117.1.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"291","endPage":"300","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":291364,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":291363,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2111/REM-D-10-00117.1"}],"volume":"64","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57fe7fb6e4b0824b2d1478f6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Milchunas, Daniel G.","contributorId":74263,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Milchunas","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":497158,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Vandever, Mark W.","contributorId":59870,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vandever","given":"Mark W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":497157,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ball, Leonard O.","contributorId":88282,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ball","given":"Leonard","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":497159,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hyberg, Skip","contributorId":90407,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hyberg","given":"Skip","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":497160,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70044296,"text":"70044296 - 2011 - Pliocene Model Intercomparison Project (PlioMIP): experimental design and boundary conditions (Experiment 2)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-03-27T13:39:17","indexId":"70044296","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T15:59:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1818,"text":"Geoscientific Model Development","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Pliocene Model Intercomparison Project (PlioMIP): experimental design and boundary conditions (Experiment 2)","docAbstract":"The Palaeoclimate Modelling Intercomparison Project has expanded to include a model intercomparison for the mid-Pliocene warm period (3.29 to 2.97 million yr ago). This project is referred to as PlioMIP (the Pliocene Model Intercomparison Project). Two experiments have been agreed upon and together compose the initial phase of PlioMIP. The first (Experiment 1) is being performed with atmosphere-only climate models. The second (Experiment 2) utilises fully coupled ocean-atmosphere climate models. Following on from the publication of the experimental design and boundary conditions for Experiment 1 in Geoscientific Model Development, this paper provides the necessary description of differences and/or additions to the experimental design for Experiment 2.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geoscientific Model Development","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"European Geosciences Union","doi":"10.5194/gmd-4-571-2011","usgsCitation":"Haywood, A., Dowsett, H.J., Robinson, M.M., Stoll, D.K., Dolan, A., Lunt, D., Otto-Bliesner, B., and Chandler, M., 2011, Pliocene Model Intercomparison Project (PlioMIP): experimental design and boundary conditions (Experiment 2): Geoscientific Model Development, v. 4, no. 3, p. 571-577, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-4-571-2011.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"571","endPage":"577","ipdsId":"IP-028117","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475044,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-4-571-2011","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":275253,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":275249,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-4-571-2011"}],"volume":"4","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-07-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51ee5468e4b00ffbed48f8d2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Haywood, A.M.","contributorId":101050,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haywood","given":"A.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475263,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dowsett, Harry J. 0000-0003-1983-7524 hdowsett@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1983-7524","contributorId":949,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dowsett","given":"Harry","email":"hdowsett@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":475262,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Robinson, Marci M. 0000-0002-9200-4097 mmrobinson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9200-4097","contributorId":2082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robinson","given":"Marci","email":"mmrobinson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":475259,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stoll, Danielle K.","contributorId":88236,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stoll","given":"Danielle","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475261,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Dolan, A.M.","contributorId":40818,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dolan","given":"A.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475258,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lunt, D.J.","contributorId":105127,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lunt","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475264,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Otto-Bliesner, B.","contributorId":63589,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Otto-Bliesner","given":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475260,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Chandler, M.A.","contributorId":26874,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chandler","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475257,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70118621,"text":"70118621 - 2011 - Challenges of predicting the potential distribution of a slow-spreading invader: a habitat suitability map for an invasive riparian tree","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-29T15:49:53","indexId":"70118621","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T15:48:19","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1018,"text":"Biological Invasions","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Challenges of predicting the potential distribution of a slow-spreading invader: a habitat suitability map for an invasive riparian tree","docAbstract":"Understanding the potential spread of invasive species is essential for land managers to prevent their establishment and restore impacted habitat. Habitat suitability modeling provides a tool for researchers and managers to understand the potential extent of invasive species spread. Our goal was to use habitat suitability modeling to map potential habitat of the riparian plant invader, Russian olive (<i>Elaeagnus angustifolia</i>). Russian olive has invaded riparian habitat across North America and is continuing to expand its range. We compiled 11 disparate datasets for Russian olive presence locations (n = 1,051 points and 139 polygons) in the western US and used Maximum entropy (Maxent) modeling to develop two habitat suitability maps for Russian olive in the western United States: one with coarse-scale water data and one with fine-scale water data. Our models were able to accurately predict current suitable Russian olive habitat (Coarse model: training AUC = 0.938, test AUC = 0.907; Fine model: training AUC = 0.923, test AUC = 0.885). Distance to water was the most important predictor for Russian olive presence in our coarse-scale water model, but it was only the fifth most important variable in the fine-scale model, suggesting that when water bodies are considered on a fine scale, Russian olive does not necessarily rely on water. Our model predicted that Russian olive has suitable habitat further west from its current distribution, expanding into the west coast and central North America. Our methodology proves useful for identifying potential future areas of invasion. Model results may be influenced by locations of cultivated individuals and sampling bias. Further study is needed to examine the potential for Russian olive to invade beyond its current range. Habitat suitability modeling provides an essential tool for enhancing our understanding of invasive species spread.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Biological Invasions","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Kluwer Academic Publishers","publisherLocation":"Dordrecht","doi":"10.1007/s10530-010-9798-4","usgsCitation":"Jarnevich, C.S., and Reynolds, L., 2011, Challenges of predicting the potential distribution of a slow-spreading invader: a habitat suitability map for an invasive riparian tree: Biological Invasions, v. 13, no. 1, p. 153-163, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-010-9798-4.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"153","endPage":"163","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":291359,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":291358,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10530-010-9798-4"}],"volume":"13","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57fe7fb6e4b0824b2d1478f8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jarnevich, Catherine S. 0000-0002-9699-2336 jarnevichc@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9699-2336","contributorId":3424,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jarnevich","given":"Catherine","email":"jarnevichc@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":497151,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reynolds, Lindsay V.","contributorId":102732,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reynolds","given":"Lindsay V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":497152,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70047157,"text":"70047157 - 2011 - Geologic map of the Caetano caldera, Lander and Eureka counties, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-01-09T16:12:40","indexId":"70047157","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T15:47:09","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":275,"text":"Nevada Bureau of Mines and Geology Map","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":4}},"seriesNumber":"174","title":"Geologic map of the Caetano caldera, Lander and Eureka counties, Nevada","docAbstract":"<p>The Eocene (34 Ma) Caetano caldera in north-central \nNevada offers an exceptional opportunity to study the \nphysical and petrogenetic evolution of a large (20 km by \n10–18 km pre-extensional dimensions) silicic magma \nchamber, from precursor magmatism to caldera collapse \nand intrusion of resurgent plutons. Caldera-related rocks \nshown on this map include two units of crystal-rich \nintracaldera tuff totaling over 4 km thickness, caldera \ncollapse breccias, tuff dikes that fed the eruption, \nhydrothermally altered post-eruption rocks, and two \ngenerations of resurgent granitic intrusions (John et al., \n2008). The map also depicts middle Miocene (about 16–12 \nMa) normal faults and synextensional basins that \naccommodated >100 percent extension and tilted the \ncaldera into a series of ~40° east-dipping blocks, \nproducing exceptional 3-D exposures of the caldera \ninterior (Colgan et al., 2008). </p>\n<br/>\n<p>This 1:75,000-scale map is a compilation of published \nmaps and extensive new mapping by the authors (fig. 1), \nand supersedes a preliminary 1:100,000-scale map \npublished by Colgan et al. (2008) and John et al. (2008). \nNew mapping focused on the margins of the Caetano \ncaldera, the distribution and lithology of rocks within the \ncaldera, and on the Miocene normal faults and sedimentary \nbasins that record Neogene extensional faulting. The \ndefinition of geologic units and their distribution within \nthe caldera is based entirely on new mapping, except in the \nnorthern Toiyabe Range, where mapping by Gilluly and \nGates (1965) was modified with new field observations. \nThe distribution of pre-Cenozoic rocks outside the caldera \nwas largely compiled from existing sources with minor \nmodifications, with the exception of the northeastern \ncaldera margin (west of the Cortez Hills Mine), which was \nremapped in the course of this work and published as a \nstand-alone 1:6000-scale map (Moore and Henry, 2010).</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Nevada Bureau of Mines and Geology","usgsCitation":"Colgan, J.P., Henry, C., and John, D.A., 2011, Geologic map of the Caetano caldera, Lander and Eureka counties, Nevada: Nevada Bureau of Mines and Geology Map 174, v. Map no. 174, Text: 10 p.; Plate: 36.0 x 28.0 inches.","productDescription":"Text: 10 p.; Plate: 36.0 x 28.0 inches","numberOfPages":"10","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-028979","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":280798,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":275262,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.nbmg.unr.edu/dox/dox.htm"}],"scale":"75000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator projection","datum":"North American Datum 1983","country":"United States","state":"Nevada","county":"Eureka County;Lander County","otherGeospatial":"Caetano Caldera","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -117.124895,40.02927 ], [ -117.124895,40.300207 ], [ -116.499214,40.300207 ], [ -116.499214,40.02927 ], [ -117.124895,40.02927 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"Map no. 174","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd5c39e4b0b290850fa5d2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Colgan, Joseph P. 0000-0001-6671-1436 jcolgan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6671-1436","contributorId":1649,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Colgan","given":"Joseph","email":"jcolgan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481184,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Henry, Christopher D.","contributorId":36556,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henry","given":"Christopher D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481186,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"John, David A. 0000-0001-7977-9106 djohn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7977-9106","contributorId":1748,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"John","given":"David","email":"djohn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481185,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70044656,"text":"70044656 - 2011 - Comparison of simulations of land-use specific water demand and irrigation water supply by MF-FMP and IWFM","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-07-30T15:08:37","indexId":"70044656","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T14:54:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":292,"text":"Technical Information Record","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":4}},"seriesNumber":"TIR-2","title":"Comparison of simulations of land-use specific water demand and irrigation water supply by MF-FMP and IWFM","docAbstract":"Two hydrologic models, MODFLOW with the Farm Process (MF-FMP) and the Integrated Water Flow Model (IWFM), are compared with respect to each model’s capabilities of simulating land-use hydrologic processes, surface-water routing, and groundwater flow. Of major concern among the land-use processes was the consumption of water through evaporation and transpiration by plants. The comparison of MF-FMP and IWFM was conducted and completed using a realistic hypothetical case study. Both models simulate the water demand for water-accounting units resulting from evapotranspiration and inefficiency losses and, for irrigated units, the supply from surface-water deliveries and groundwater pumpage. The MF-FMP simulates reductions in evapotranspiration owing to anoxia and wilting, and separately considers land-use-related evaporation and transpiration; IWFM simulates reductions in evapotranspiration related to the depletion of soil moisture. The models simulate inefficiency losses from precipitation and irrigation water applications to runoff and deep percolation differently. MF-FMP calculates the crop irrigation requirement and total farm delivery requirement, and then subtracts inefficiency losses from runoff and deep percolation. In IWFM, inefficiency losses to surface runoff from irrigation and precipitation are computed and subtracted from the total irrigation and precipitation before the crop irrigation requirement is estimated. Inefficiency losses in terms of deep percolation are computed simultaneously with the crop irrigation requirement. The seepage from streamflow routing also is computed differently and can affect certain hydrologic settings and magnitudes ofstreamflow infiltration. MF-FMP assumes steady-state conditions in the root zone; therefore, changes in soil moisture within the root zone are not calculated. IWFM simulates changes in the root zone in both irrigated and non-irrigated natural vegetation. Changes in soil moisture are more significant for non-irrigated natural vegetation areas than in the irrigated areas. Therefore, to facilitate the comparison of models, the changes in soil moisture are only simulated by IWFM for the natural vegetation areas, and soil-moisture parameters in irrigated regions in IWFM were specified at constant values . The IWFM total simulated changes in soil moisture that are related to natural vegetation areas vary from stress period to stress period but are small over the entire two-year period of simulation. In the hypothetical case study, IWFM simulates more evapotranspiration and return flows and less streamflow infiltration than MF-FMP. This causes more simulated surface-water diversions upstream and less simulated water available to downstream farms in IWFM compared to MF-FMP. The evapotranspiration simulated by the two models is well correlated even though the quantity is different. The different approaches used to simulate soil moisture, evapotranspiration, and inefficient losses yield different results for deep percolation and pumpage. In IWFM, deep percolation is a function of soil moisture; therefore, the constant soil-moisture requirement for irrigated regions, assumed for this comparison, results in a constant deep percolation rate. This led to poor correlation with the variable deep percolation rates simulated in MF-FMP, where the deep percolation rate, a fraction of inefficiency losses from precipitation and irrigation, is a function of quasi-steady state infiltration for each soil type and a function of groundwater head. Similarly, the larger simulated evapotranspiration in IWFM is mainly responsible for larger simulated groundwater pumpage demands and related lower groundwater levels in IWFM compared to MF-FMP. Because of the differences in features between MF-FMP and IWFM, the user may find that for certain hydrologic settings one model is better suited than the other. The performance of MF-FMP and IWFM in this particular hypothetical test case, with a fixed framework composed of common initial and boundary conditions and input parameter values, does not necessarily predict the performance of MF-FMP and IWFM in a real-world situation with variable framework and parameter values. These differences may affect the evaluation of policies, projects, or water-balance analysis for some hydrologic settings. Generally, both models are powerful tools that simulate a connected system of aquifer, stream networks, land surface, root zone, and runoff processes. MF-FMP simulated the hypothetical test case in about 4 minutes compared to about 58 minutes for IWFM.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","usgsCitation":"Schmid, W., Dogural, E., Hanson, R.T., Kadir, T., and Chung, F., 2011, Comparison of simulations of land-use specific water demand and irrigation water supply by MF-FMP and IWFM: Technical Information Record TIR-2, xii, 68 p.","productDescription":"xii, 68 p.","numberOfPages":"80","ipdsId":"IP-001273","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":275589,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":275588,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://baydeltaoffice.water.ca.gov/modeling/hydrology/IWFM/Publications/downloadables/Reports/IWFM%20and%20MF-FMP%20TIR-2%20(USGS-DWR%20Nov2011).pdf"}],"country":"United States","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51f8e061e4b0cecbe8fa9860","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schmid, Wolfgang","contributorId":84020,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schmid","given":"Wolfgang","affiliations":[{"id":13040,"text":"Department of Hydrology and Water Resources, University of Arizona","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":476136,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dogural, Emin","contributorId":20629,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dogural","given":"Emin","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476133,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hanson, Randall T. 0000-0002-9819-7141 rthanson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9819-7141","contributorId":801,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanson","given":"Randall","email":"rthanson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":476132,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kadir, Tariq","contributorId":26208,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kadir","given":"Tariq","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476134,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Chung, Francis","contributorId":54488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chung","given":"Francis","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476135,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70047050,"text":"70047050 - 2011 - Phase and amplitude inversion of crosswell radar data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-07-22T14:06:58","indexId":"70047050","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T14:04:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1808,"text":"Geophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Phase and amplitude inversion of crosswell radar data","docAbstract":"Phase and amplitude inversion of crosswell radar data estimates the logarithm of complex slowness for a 2.5D heterogeneous model. The inversion is formulated in the frequency domain using the vector Helmholtz equation. The objective function is minimized using a back-propagation method that is suitable for a 2.5D model and that accounts for the near-, intermediate-, and far-field regions of the antennas. The inversion is tested with crosswell radar data collected in a laboratory tank. The model anomalies are consistent with the known heterogeneity in the tank; the model’s relative dielectric permittivity, which is calculated from the real part of the estimated complex slowness, is consistent with independent laboratory measurements. The methodologies developed for this inversion can be adapted readily to inversions of seismic data (e.g., crosswell seismic and vertical seismic profiling data).","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geophysics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Society of Exploration Geophysicists","doi":"10.1190/1.3554412","usgsCitation":"Ellefsen, K.J., Mazzella, A.T., Horton, R., and McKenna, J.R., 2011, Phase and amplitude inversion of crosswell radar data: Geophysics, v. 76, no. 3, 12 p., https://doi.org/10.1190/1.3554412.","productDescription":"12 p.","ipdsId":"IP-023078","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":275232,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":275031,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.3554412"}],"volume":"76","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51ee5467e4b00ffbed48f8c5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ellefsen, Karl J. 0000-0003-3075-4703 ellefsen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3075-4703","contributorId":789,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellefsen","given":"Karl","email":"ellefsen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":82803,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":true,"id":480932,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mazzella, Aldo T.","contributorId":78630,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mazzella","given":"Aldo","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":480934,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Horton, Robert 0000-0001-5578-3733 rhorton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5578-3733","contributorId":612,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Horton","given":"Robert","email":"rhorton@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":480931,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McKenna, Jason R.","contributorId":7141,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKenna","given":"Jason","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":480933,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70124302,"text":"70124302 - 2011 - Effects of eradication and restoration treatments on Italian thistle (<i>Carduus pycnocephalus</i>)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-09-22T15:45:44","indexId":"70124302","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T13:30:23","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2639,"text":"Madroño","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of eradication and restoration treatments on Italian thistle (<i>Carduus pycnocephalus</i>)","docAbstract":"Low elevation grasslands in California long have been dominated by Mediterranean grasses, but many areas still have large native forb populations. Alien forbs invade these grasslands, displacing both native and other alien species. Italian thistle is a noxious alien herb that has recently invaded these grasslands, including ungrazed blue oak (<i>Quercus douglassii</i>) and interior live oak (<i>Quercus wislizenii</i>) stands in Sequoia National Park. Here, Italian thistle tends to dominate under oaks and has the potential to substantially alter the foothill ecosystem by displacing native plants and acting as a ladder fuel that can carry fires into the oak canopy. We tested the effects of selectively reducing Italian thistle populations alone and in combination with restoration of native species. Two thistle eradication techniques (clipping and the application of clopyralid herbicide) and two restoration techniques (addition of native forb seeds or planting native grass plugs) were used. After two consecutive years of treatment we found: a) clipping was not effective at reducing Italian thistle populations (clipping reduced Italian thistle density in some areas, but not vegetative cover), b) herbicide reduced both Italian thistle density and vegetative cover for the first two growing seasons after application, but cover rebounded in the third growing season, c) native forb cover and species richness were not significantly affected by clipping or spot-treating with herbicide, d) the grass and forb addition treatments by themselves were not effective at reducing Italian thistle during the course of this study and e) sowing annual forb seeds after clipping resulted in greater forb cover and moderately reduced Italian thistle vegetative cover in the short term.","language":"English","publisher":"California Botanical Society","publisherLocation":"Berkeley, CA","doi":"10.3120/0024-9637-58.4.207","usgsCitation":"McGinnis, T., and Keeley, J., 2011, Effects of eradication and restoration treatments on Italian thistle (<i>Carduus pycnocephalus</i>): Madroño, v. 58, no. 4, p. 207-213, https://doi.org/10.3120/0024-9637-58.4.207.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"207","endPage":"213","numberOfPages":"7","ipdsId":"IP-022976","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475047,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/part/169151","text":"External Repository"},{"id":293746,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":293682,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3120/0024-9637-58.4.207"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Sequoia National Park","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -118.919577,36.476008 ], [ -118.919577,36.596139 ], [ -118.749751,36.596139 ], [ -118.749751,36.476008 ], [ -118.919577,36.476008 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"58","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5412b9a7e4b0239f1986ba5a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McGinnis, Thomas","contributorId":9976,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGinnis","given":"Thomas","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500684,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Keeley, Jon","contributorId":7782,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keeley","given":"Jon","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500683,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70004047,"text":"70004047 - 2011 - Assessing first-order emulator inference for physical parameters in nonlinear mechanistic models","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-06-06T01:01:36","indexId":"70004047","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T13:25:35","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2151,"text":"Journal of Agricultural, Biological, and Environmental Statistics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessing first-order emulator inference for physical parameters in nonlinear mechanistic models","docAbstract":"We present an approach for estimating physical parameters in nonlinear models that relies on an approximation to the mechanistic model itself for computational efficiency. The proposed methodology is validated and applied in two different modeling scenarios: (a) Simulation and (b) lower trophic level ocean ecosystem model. The approach we develop relies on the ability to predict right singular vectors (resulting from a decomposition of computer model experimental output) based on the computer model input and an experimental set of parameters. Critically, we model the right singular vectors in terms of the model parameters via a nonlinear statistical model. Specifically, we focus our attention on first-order models of these right singular vectors rather than the second-order (covariance) structure.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Agricultural, Biological, and Environmental Statistics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1007/s13253-011-0073-7","usgsCitation":"Hooten, M., Leeds, W.B., Fiechter, J., and Wikle, C.K., 2011, Assessing first-order emulator inference for physical parameters in nonlinear mechanistic models: Journal of Agricultural, Biological, and Environmental Statistics, v. 16, no. 4, p. 475-494, https://doi.org/10.1007/s13253-011-0073-7.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"475","endPage":"494","costCenters":[{"id":189,"text":"Colorado Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":257229,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13253-011-0073-7","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":257241,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"16","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-11-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059edd4e4b0c8380cd49a29","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hooten, Mevin 0000-0002-1614-723X mhooten@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1614-723X","contributorId":2958,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hooten","given":"Mevin","email":"mhooten@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":12963,"text":"Colorado Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Fort Collins, CO","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":true,"id":350332,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Leeds, William B.","contributorId":45563,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leeds","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350334,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fiechter, Jerome","contributorId":8325,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fiechter","given":"Jerome","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350333,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wikle, Christopher K.","contributorId":55680,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wikle","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350335,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70118790,"text":"70118790 - 2011 - Estimating geographic variation on allometric growth and body condition of blue suckers with quantile regression","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-21T18:57:16.747469","indexId":"70118790","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T12:41:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating geographic variation on allometric growth and body condition of blue suckers with quantile regression","docAbstract":"<p><span>Increasing our understanding of how environmental factors affect fish body condition and improving its utility as a metric of aquatic system health require reliable estimates of spatial variation in condition (weight at length). We used three statistical approaches that varied in how they accounted for heterogeneity in allometric growth to estimate differences in body condition of blue suckers&nbsp;</span><i>Cycleptus elongatus</i><span>&nbsp;across 19 large-river locations in the central USA. Quantile regression of an expanded allometric growth model provided the most comprehensive estimates, including variation in exponents within and among locations (range = 2.88–4.24). Blue suckers from more-southerly locations had the largest exponents. Mixed-effects mean regression of a similar expanded allometric growth model allowed exponents to vary among locations (range = 3.03–3.60). Mean relative weights compared across selected intervals of total length (TL = 510–594 and 594–692 mm) in a multiplicative model involved the implicit assumption that allometric exponents within and among locations were similar to the exponent (3.46) for the standard weight equation. Proportionate differences in the quantiles of weight at length for adult blue suckers (TL = 510, 594, 644, and 692 mm) compared with their average across locations ranged from 1.08 to 1.30 for southern locations (Texas, Mississippi) and from 0.84 to 1.00 for northern locations (Montana, North Dakota); proportionate differences for mean weight ranged from 1.13 to 1.17 and from 0.87 to 0.95, respectively, and those for mean relative weight ranged from 1.10 to 1.18 and from 0.86 to 0.98, respectively. Weights for fish at longer lengths varied by 600–700 g within a location and by as much as 2,000 g among southern and northern locations. Estimates for the Wabash River, Indiana (0.96–1.07 times the average; greatest increases for lower weights at shorter TLs), and for the Missouri River from Blair, Nebraska, to Sioux City, Iowa (0.90–1.00 times the average; greatest decreases for lower weights at longer TLs), were examined in detail to explain the additional information provided by quantile estimates.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","publisherLocation":"Bethesda, MD","doi":"10.1080/00028487.2011.641885","usgsCitation":"Cade, B.S., Terrell, J.W., and Neely, B., 2011, Estimating geographic variation on allometric growth and body condition of blue suckers with quantile regression: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 140, no. 6, p. 1657-1669, https://doi.org/10.1080/00028487.2011.641885.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"1657","endPage":"1669","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":291401,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"140","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-12-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57fe7fd8e4b0824b2d147972","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cade, Brian S. 0000-0001-9623-9849 cadeb@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9623-9849","contributorId":1278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cade","given":"Brian","email":"cadeb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":497239,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Terrell, James W. 0000-0001-5394-5663","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5394-5663","contributorId":92726,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Terrell","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":497238,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Neely, Ben","contributorId":220872,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Neely","given":"Ben","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":40289,"text":"Kansas Department of Wildlife, Parks, and Tourism","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":497240,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70101981,"text":"70101981 - 2011 - Electrical properties of methane hydrate + sediment mixtures","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-05-27T12:44:47","indexId":"70101981","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T12:38:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1641,"text":"Fire in the Ice: NETL Methane Hydrate Newsletter","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Electrical properties of methane hydrate + sediment mixtures","docAbstract":"As part of our DOE-funded proposal to characterize gas hydrate in the Gulf of Mexico using marine electromagnetic methods, a collaboration between SIO, LLNL, and USGS with the goal of measuring the electrical properties of lab-created methane (CH<sub>4</sub>) hydrate and sediment mixtures was formed. We examined samples with known characteristics to better relate electrical properties measured in the field to specific gas hydrate concentration and distribution patterns. Here we discuss first-ever electrical conductivity (σ) measurements on unmixed CH<sub>4</sub> hydrate (Du Frane et al., 2011): 6 x 10-5 S/m at 5 °C, which is ~5 orders of magnitude lower than seawater. This difference allows electromagnetic (EM) techniques to distinguish highly resistive gas hydrate deposits from conductive water saturated sediments in EM field surveys. More recently, we performed measurements on CH<sub>4</sub> hydrate mixed with sediment and we also discuss those initial findings here. Our results on samples free of liquid water are important for predicting conductivity of sediments with pores highly saturated with gas hydrate, and are an essential starting point for comprehensive mixing models.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Fire in the Ice","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Department of Energy","usgsCitation":"Du Frane, W.L., Stern, L.A., Weitemeyer, K.A., Constable, S., and Roberts, J.J., 2011, Electrical properties of methane hydrate + sediment mixtures: Fire in the Ice: NETL Methane Hydrate Newsletter, v. 11, no. 2, p. 10-13.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"10","endPage":"13","numberOfPages":"4","ipdsId":"IP-033683","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":287601,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":286371,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.netl.doe.gov/research/oil-and-gas/methane-hydrates/fire-in-the-ice"}],"volume":"11","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5385b3f5e4b09e18fc023a47","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Du Frane, Wyatt L.","contributorId":23067,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Du Frane","given":"Wyatt","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":13621,"text":"Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":492821,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stern, Laura A. 0000-0003-3440-5674 lstern@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3440-5674","contributorId":1197,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stern","given":"Laura","email":"lstern@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":492819,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Weitemeyer, Karen A.","contributorId":90215,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Weitemeyer","given":"Karen","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":16196,"text":"Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":492822,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Constable, Steven","contributorId":9178,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Constable","given":"Steven","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16196,"text":"Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":492820,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Roberts, Jeffery J.","contributorId":98222,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Roberts","given":"Jeffery","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":13621,"text":"Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":492823,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70118785,"text":"70118785 - 2011 - Seasonal and interannual effects of hypoxia on fish habitat quality in central Lake Erie","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-30T11:56:53","indexId":"70118785","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T11:53:14","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1696,"text":"Freshwater Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seasonal and interannual effects of hypoxia on fish habitat quality in central Lake Erie","docAbstract":"<p>1. Hypoxia occurs seasonally in many stratified coastal marine and freshwater ecosystems when bottom dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations are depleted below 2–3 mg O<sub>2</sub> L<sup>-1</sup>.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>2. We evaluated the effects of hypoxia on fish habitat quality in the central basin of Lake Erie from 1987 to 2005, using bioenergetic growth rate potential (GRP) as a proxy for habitat quality. We compared the effect of hypoxia on habitat quality of (i) rainbow smelt, <i>Osmerus mordax mordax</i> Mitchill (young-of-year, YOY, and adult), a cold-water planktivore, (ii) emerald shiner, <i>Notropis atherinoides</i> Rafinesque (adult), a warm-water planktivore, (iii) yellow perch, <i>Perca flavescens</i> Mitchill (YOY and adult), a cool-water benthopelagic omnivore and (iv) round goby <i>Neogobius melanostomus</i> Pallas (adult) a eurythermal benthivore. Annual thermal and DO profiles were generated from 1D thermal and DO hydrodynamics models developed for Lake Erie’s central basin.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>3. Hypoxia occurred annually, typically from mid-July to mid-October, which spatially and temporally overlaps with otherwise high benthic habitat quality. Hypoxia reduced the habitat quality across fish species and life stages, but the magnitude of the reduction varied both among and within species because of the differences in tolerance to low DO levels and warm-water temperatures.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>4. Across years, trends in habitat quality mirrored trends in phosphorus concentration and water column oxygen demand in central Lake Erie. The per cent reduction in habitat quality owing to hypoxia was greatest for adult rainbow smelt and round goby (mean: -35%), followed by adult emerald shiner (mean: -12%), YOY rainbow smelt (mean: -10%) and YOY and adult yellow perch (mean: -8.5%).</p>\n<br/>\n<p>5. Our results highlight the importance of differential spatiotemporally interactive effects of DO and temperature on relative fish habitat quality and quantity. These effects have the potential to influence the performance of individual fish species as well as population dynamics, trophic interactions and fish community structure.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Freshwater Biology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Blackwell Science","publisherLocation":"Oxford, England","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2427.2010.02504.x","usgsCitation":"Arend, K.K., Beletsky, D., DePinto, J., Ludsin, S.A., Roberts, J., Rucinski, D.K., Scavia, D., Schwab, D.J., and Hook, T.O., 2011, Seasonal and interannual effects of hypoxia on fish habitat quality in central Lake Erie: Freshwater Biology, v. 56, p. 366-383, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2427.2010.02504.x.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"366","endPage":"383","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":475050,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/79212","text":"External Repository"},{"id":291397,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":291396,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2427.2010.02504.x"}],"country":"Canada;United States","otherGeospatial":"Lake Erie","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -83.4797,41.397 ], [ -83.4797,42.907 ], [ -78.8539,42.907 ], [ -78.8539,41.397 ], [ -83.4797,41.397 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"56","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-09-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57fe7fd8e4b0824b2d147978","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Arend, Kristin K.","contributorId":96598,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arend","given":"Kristin","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":497223,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Beletsky, Dmitry","contributorId":65390,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beletsky","given":"Dmitry","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":497221,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"DePinto, Joseph","contributorId":23861,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DePinto","given":"Joseph","affiliations":[{"id":28133,"text":"Limno Tech, Inc., Ann Arbor, Michigan","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":497220,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ludsin, Stuart A.","contributorId":96978,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ludsin","given":"Stuart","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":497224,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Roberts, James 0000-0002-4193-610X jroberts@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4193-610X","contributorId":5453,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roberts","given":"James","email":"jroberts@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":497218,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Rucinski, Daniel K.","contributorId":102801,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rucinski","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":497225,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Scavia, Donald","contributorId":19068,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scavia","given":"Donald","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":497219,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Schwab, David J.","contributorId":71892,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwab","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":497222,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Hook, Tomas O.","contributorId":108404,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hook","given":"Tomas","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":497226,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":70118784,"text":"70118784 - 2011 - Hibernacula selection by Townsend's big-eared bat in Southwestern Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-30T11:50:25","indexId":"70118784","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T11:48:52","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hibernacula selection by Townsend's big-eared bat in Southwestern Colorado","docAbstract":"In western United States, both mine reclamations and renewed mining at previously abandoned mines have increased substantially in the last decade. This increased activity may adversely impact bats that use these mines for roosting. Townsend's big-eared bat (<i>Corynorhinus townsendii</i>) is a species of conservation concern that may be impacted by ongoing mine reclamation and renewed mineral extraction. To help inform wildlife management decisions related to bat use of abandoned mine sites, we used logistic regression, Akaike's information criterion, and multi-model inference to investigate hibernacula use by Townsend's big-eared bats using 9 years of data from surveys inside abandoned mines in southwestern Colorado. Townsend's big-eared bats were found in 38 of 133 mines surveyed (29%), and occupied mines averaged 2.6 individuals per mine. The model explaining the most variability in our data included number of openings and portal temperature at abandoned mines. In southwestern Colorado, we found that abandoned mine sites with more than one opening and portal temperatures near 0°C were more likely to contain hibernating Townsend's big-eared bats. However, mines with only one opening and portal temperatures of ≥10°C were occasionally occupied by Townsend's big-eared bat. Understanding mine use by Townsend's big-eared bat can help guide decisions regarding allocation of resources and placement of bat-compatible closures at mine sites scheduled for reclamation. When feasible we believe that surveys should be conducted inside all abandoned mines in a reclamation project at least once during winter prior to making closure and reclamation recommendations.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Wildlife Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Society","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1002/jwmg.6","usgsCitation":"Hayes, M.A., Schorr, R.A., and Navo, K.W., 2011, Hibernacula selection by Townsend's big-eared bat in Southwestern Colorado: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 75, no. 1, p. 137-143, https://doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.6.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"137","endPage":"143","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":291395,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":291394,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.6"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -109.0603,36.9924 ], [ -109.0603,39.3074 ], [ -104.9962,39.3074 ], [ -104.9962,36.9924 ], [ -109.0603,36.9924 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"75","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-01-31","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57fe7fd9e4b0824b2d14797a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hayes, Mark A. hayesm@usgs.gov","contributorId":25086,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hayes","given":"Mark","email":"hayesm@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":497215,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schorr, Robert A.","contributorId":105239,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schorr","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":497217,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Navo, Kirk W.","contributorId":89069,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Navo","given":"Kirk","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":497216,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70118783,"text":"70118783 - 2011 - An analysis of fringed myotis (Myotis thysanodes), with a focus on Colorado distribution, maternity roost selection, and preliminary modeling of population dynamics","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-30T11:47:32","indexId":"70118783","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T11:46:52","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":21,"text":"Thesis"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":28,"text":"Thesis"},"title":"An analysis of fringed myotis (Myotis thysanodes), with a focus on Colorado distribution, maternity roost selection, and preliminary modeling of population dynamics","docAbstract":"No abstract available.","language":"English","publisher":"School of Biological Sciences, University of Northern Colorado","publisherLocation":"Greeley, CO","usgsCitation":"Hayes, M.A., 2011, An analysis of fringed myotis (Myotis thysanodes), with a focus on Colorado distribution, maternity roost selection, and preliminary modeling of population dynamics, 262 p.","productDescription":"262 p.","numberOfPages":"262","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":291393,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57fe7fd9e4b0824b2d14797c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hayes, M. A.","contributorId":65055,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hayes","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":497214,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70236351,"text":"70236351 - 2011 - Stability of steep slopes in cemented sands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-02T16:55:48.031623","indexId":"70236351","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T11:45:34","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2327,"text":"Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Stability of steep slopes in cemented sands","docAbstract":"<p><span>The analysis of steep slope and cliff stability in variably cemented sands poses a significant practical challenge as routine analyses tend to underestimate the actually observed stability of existing slopes. The presented research evaluates how the degree of cementation controls the evolution of steep sand slopes and shows that the detailed slope geometry is important in determining the characteristics of the failure mode, which in turn, guide the selection of an appropriate stability analysis method. Detailed slope-profile cross sections derived from terrestrial lidar surveying of otherwise inaccessible cemented sand cliffs are used to investigate failure modes in weakly cemented [unconfined compressive strength&nbsp;</span><span class=\"equationTd\"><span id=\"MathJax-Element-1-Frame\" class=\"MathJax\" data-mathml=\"<math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot; display=&quot;inline&quot; overflow=&quot;scroll&quot;><mrow><mrow><mo>(</mo><mrow><mtext>UCS</mtext></mrow><mo>)</mo></mrow><mo>&amp;lt;</mo><mn>30</mn><mtext>&amp;#x2002;</mtext><mtext>kPa</mtext></mrow></math>\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-1\" class=\"math\"><span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-2\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-3\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-4\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-5\" class=\"mo\">(</span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-6\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-7\" class=\"mtext\">UCS</span></span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-8\" class=\"mo\">)</span></span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-9\" class=\"mo\">&lt;</span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-10\" class=\"mn\">30</span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-11\" class=\"mtext\"> </span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-12\" class=\"mtext\">kPa</span></span></span></span></span><span class=\"MJX_Assistive_MathML\">(UCS)&lt;30 kPa</span></span></span><span>] and moderately cemented&nbsp;</span><span class=\"equationTd\"><span id=\"MathJax-Element-2-Frame\" class=\"MathJax\" data-mathml=\"<math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot; display=&quot;inline&quot; overflow=&quot;scroll&quot;><mrow><mrow><mo>(</mo><mrow><mn>30</mn><mo>&amp;lt;</mo><mtext>UCS</mtext><mo>&amp;lt;</mo><mn>400</mn><mtext>&amp;#x2002;</mtext><mtext>kPa</mtext></mrow><mo>)</mo></mrow></mrow></math>\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-13\" class=\"math\"><span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-14\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-15\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-16\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-17\" class=\"mo\">(</span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-18\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-19\" class=\"mn\">30</span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-20\" class=\"mo\">&lt;</span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-21\" class=\"mtext\">UCS</span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-22\" class=\"mo\">&lt;</span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-23\" class=\"mn\">400</span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-24\" class=\"mtext\"> </span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-25\" class=\"mtext\">kPa</span></span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-26\" class=\"mo\">)</span></span></span></span></span></span><span class=\"MJX_Assistive_MathML\">(30&lt;UCS&lt;400 kPa)</span></span></span><span>&nbsp;sands and their role in the evolution of the geometry of the slopes. The results show that high-resolution slope topography, such as can be obtained with terrestrial lidar, is essential for identifying altogether different failure modes in weakly cemented (shear-mode) and moderately cemented (tensile-mode) sand slopes. Analyses show that the standard Culmann method for steep slopes is inappropriate for modeling the stability of cemented sand slopes since it tends to overpredict expected crest retreat and underestimate failure plane angle. Instead, a simplified analysis using infinite slope assumptions, but applied to a slope with finite dimensions subject to changing geometric conditions, such as toe erosion and slope steepening, is suggested for analysis of weakly cemented sand slopes. For moderately cemented sand slopes, a limit equilibrium analysis directly comparing the cliff tensile stress and cemented sand tensile strength is shown to reasonably predict failure conditions and timing as a result of either slope steepening or tensile strength loss, presumably from wetting in most cases.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Civil Engineers","doi":"10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0000396","usgsCitation":"Collins, B.D., and Sitar, N., 2011, Stability of steep slopes in cemented sands: Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, v. 137, no. 1, p. 43-51, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0000396.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"43","endPage":"51","costCenters":[{"id":647,"text":"Western Earth Surface Processes","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":406149,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"137","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Collins, Brian D. 0000-0003-4881-5359 bcollins@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4881-5359","contributorId":149278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collins","given":"Brian","email":"bcollins@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":850722,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sitar, Nicholas","contributorId":268373,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sitar","given":"Nicholas","affiliations":[{"id":52769,"text":"Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":850723,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70170464,"text":"70170464 - 2011 - Hydrologic effects of urbanization and climate change on the Flint River Basin, Georgia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-06-21T14:52:35","indexId":"70170464","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T11:45:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1421,"text":"Earth Interactions","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydrologic effects of urbanization and climate change on the Flint River Basin, Georgia","docAbstract":"<p>The potential effects of long-term urbanization and climate change on the freshwater resources of the Flint River basin were examined by using the Precipitation-Runoff Modeling System (PRMS). PRMS is a deterministic, distributed-parameter watershed model developed to evaluate the effects of various combinations of precipitation, temperature, and land cover on streamflow and multiple intermediate hydrologic states. Precipitation and temperature output from five general circulation models (GCMs) using one current and three future climate-change scenarios were statistically downscaled for input into PRMS. Projections of urbanization through 2050 derived for the Flint River basin by the Forecasting Scenarios of Future Land-Cover (FORE-SCE) land-cover change model were also used as input to PRMS. Comparison of the central tendency of streamflow simulated based on the three climate-change scenarios showed a slight decrease in overall streamflow relative to simulations under current conditions, mostly caused by decreases in the surface- runoff and groundwater components. The addition of information about forecasted urbanization of land surfaces to the hydrologic simulation mitigated the decreases in streamflow, mainly by increasing surface runoff.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Meteorological Society","publisherLocation":"Boston, MA","doi":"10.1175/2010EI369.1","usgsCitation":"Viger, R.J., Hay, L.E., Markstrom, S.L., Jones, J., and Buell, G.R., 2011, Hydrologic effects of urbanization and climate change on the Flint River Basin, Georgia: Earth Interactions, v. 15, no. 20, 25 p., https://doi.org/10.1175/2010EI369.1.","productDescription":"25 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-021144","costCenters":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475051,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1175/2010ei369.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":320404,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Georgia","otherGeospatial":"Flint River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -84.86114501953125,\n              30.715865285686284\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.81170654296875,\n              30.741835717889792\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.68536376953125,\n              30.748917348441967\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.638671875,\n              30.78903675126116\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.63043212890625,\n              30.82913942201398\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.5562744140625,\n              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