Trends in the concentrations of commonly occurring pesticides in the Corn Belt of the United States were assessed, and the performance and application of several statistical methods for trend analysis were evaluated. Trends in the concentrations of 11 pesticides with sufficient data for trend assessment were assessed at up to 31 stream sites for two time periods: 1996–2002 and 2000–2006. Pesticides included in the trend analyses were atrazine, acetochlor, metolachlor, alachlor, cyanazine, EPTC, simazine, metribuzin, prometon, chlorpyrifos, and diazinon.
The statistical methods applied and compared were (1) a modified version of the nonparametric seasonal Kendall test (SEAKEN), (2) a modified version of the Regional Kendall test, (3) a parametric regression model with seasonal wave (SEAWAVE), and (4) a version of SEAWAVE with adjustment for streamflow (SEAWAVE-Q). The SEAKEN test is a statistical hypothesis test for detecting monotonic trends in seasonal time-series data such as pesticide concentrations at a particular site. Trends across a region, represented by multiple sites, were evaluated using the regional seasonal Kendall test, which computes a test for an overall trend within a region by computing a score for each season at each site and adding the scores to compute the total for the region. The SEAWAVE model is a parametric regression model specifically designed for analyzing seasonal variability and trends in pesticide concentrations. The SEAWAVE-Q model accounts for the effect of changing flow conditions in order to separate changes caused by hydrologic trends from changes caused by other factors, such as pesticide use.
There was broad, general agreement between unadjusted trends (no adjustment for streamflow effects) identified by the SEAKEN and SEAWAVE methods, including the regional seasonal Kendall test. Only about 10 percent of the paired comparisons between SEAKEN and SEAWAVE indicated a difference in the direction of trend, and none of these had differences significant at the 10-percent significance level. This consistency of results supports the validity and robustness of all three approaches as trend analysis tools. The SEAWAVE method is favored, however, because it has less restrictive data requirements, enabling analysis for more site/pesticide combinations, and can incorporate adjustment for streamflow (SEAWAVE-Q) with substantially fewer measurements than the flow-adjustment procedure used with SEAKEN.
Analysis of flow-adjusted trends is preferable to analysis of non-adjusted trends for evaluating potential effects of changes in pesticide use or management practices because flow-adjusted trends account for the influence of flow-related variability.
Analysis of flow-adjusted trends by SEAWAVE-Q showed that all of the pesticides assessed, except simazine and acetochlor, were dominated by varying degrees of concentration downtrends in one or both analysis periods. Atrazine, metolachlor, alachlor, cyanazine, EPTC, and metribuzin—all major corn herbicides, as well as prometon and chlorpyrifos, showed more prevalent concentration downtrends during 1996–2002 compared to 2000–2006. Diazinon had no clear trends during 1996–2002, but had predominantly downward trends during 2000–2006. Acetochlor trends were mixed during 1996–2002 and slightly upward during 2000–2006, but most of the trends were not statistically significant. Simazine concentrations trended upward at most sites during both 1996–2002 and 2000–2006.
Comparison of concentration trends to agricultural-use trends indicated similarity in direction and magnitude for acetochlor, metolachlor, alachlor, cyanazine, EPTC, and metribuzin. Concentration downtrends for atrazine, chlorpyrifos, and diazinon were steeper than agricultural-use downtrends at some sites, indicating the possibility that agricultural management practices may have increasingly reduced transport to streams (particularly atrazine) or, for chlorpyrifos and diazinon, that nonagricultural uses declined substantially. Concentration uptrends for simazine generally were steeper than agricultural-use uptrends, indicating the possibility that nonagricultural uses of this herbicide increased during the study period.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20095132","usgsCitation":"Sullivan, D.J., Vecchia, A.V., Lorenz, D.L., Gilliom, R.J., and Martin, J.D., 2009, Trends in pesticide concentrations in corn-belt streams, 1996-2006: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2009-5132, x, 76 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20095132.","productDescription":"x, 76 p.","temporalStart":"1996-01-01","temporalEnd":"2006-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125604,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2009_5132.jpg"},{"id":13159,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2009/5132/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":352613,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2009/5132/pdf/sir20095132.pdf"}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -120,30 ], [ -120,50 ], [ -75,50 ], [ -75,30 ], [ -120,30 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ce4b07f02db626b0a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sullivan, Daniel J. 0000-0003-2705-3738 djsulliv@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2705-3738","contributorId":1703,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sullivan","given":"Daniel","email":"djsulliv@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":303793,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Vecchia, Aldo V. 0000-0002-2661-4401","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2661-4401","contributorId":41810,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vecchia","given":"Aldo","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303794,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lorenz, David L. 0000-0003-3392-4034 lorenz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3392-4034","contributorId":1384,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lorenz","given":"David","email":"lorenz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303792,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gilliom, Robert J. rgilliom@usgs.gov","contributorId":488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gilliom","given":"Robert","email":"rgilliom@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303790,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Martin, Jeffrey D. 0000-0003-1994-5285 jdmartin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1994-5285","contributorId":1066,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jdmartin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27231,"text":"Indiana-Kentucky Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303791,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":97979,"text":"ofr20091241 - 2009 - Multilevel Methodology for Simulation of Spatio-Temporal Systems with Heterogeneous Activity; Application to Spread of Valley Fever Fungus","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:05","indexId":"ofr20091241","displayToPublicDate":"2009-11-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-1241","title":"Multilevel Methodology for Simulation of Spatio-Temporal Systems with Heterogeneous Activity; Application to Spread of Valley Fever Fungus","docAbstract":"This report consists of a dissertation submitted to the faculty of the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, Graduate College, The University of Arizona, 2008. \r\n\r\nSpatio-temporal systems with heterogeneity in their structure and behavior have two major problems associated with them. The first one is that such complex real world systems extend over very large spatial and temporal domains and consume so many computational resources to simulate that they are infeasible to study with current computational platforms. The second one is that the data available for understanding such systems is limited because they are spread over space and time making it hard to obtain micro and macro measurements. This also makes it difficult to get the data for validation of their constituent processes while simultaneously considering their global behavior. For example, the valley fever fungus considered in this dissertation is spread over a large spatial grid in the arid Southwest and typically needs to be simulated over several decades of time to obtain useful information. It is also hard to get the temperature and moisture data (which are two critical factors on which the survival of the valley fever fungus depends) at every grid point of the spatial domain over the region of study. In order to address the first problem, we develop a method based on the discrete event system specification which exploits the heterogeneity in the activity of the spatio-temporal system and which has been shown to be effective in solving relatively simple partial differential equation systems. The benefit of addressing the first problem is that it now makes it feasible to address the second problem. We address the second problem by making use of a multilevel methodology based on modeling and simulation and systems theory. This methodology helps us in the construction of models with different resolutions (base and lumped models). This allows us to refine an initially constructed lumped model with detailed physics-based process models and assess whether they improve on the original lumped models. For that assessment, we use the concept of experimental frame to delimit where the improvement is needed. This allows us to work with the available data, improve the component models in their own experimental frame and then move them to the overall frame. In this dissertation, we develop a multilevel methodology and apply it to a valley fever model. Moreover, we study the model's behavior in a particular experimental frame of interest, namely the formation of new sporing sites.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20091241","usgsCitation":"Jammalamadaka, R., 2009, Multilevel Methodology for Simulation of Spatio-Temporal Systems with Heterogeneous Activity; Application to Spread of Valley Fever Fungus: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1241, 109 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20091241.","productDescription":"109 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":660,"text":"Western Mineral Resources Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125514,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2009_1241.jpg"},{"id":13157,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2009/1241/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b02e4b07f02db698b0f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jammalamadaka, Rajanikanth","contributorId":39901,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jammalamadaka","given":"Rajanikanth","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303788,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":97977,"text":"ofr20091245 - 2009 - St. Louis Area Earthquake Hazards Mapping Project - December 2008-June 2009 Progress Report","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:54","indexId":"ofr20091245","displayToPublicDate":"2009-11-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-1245","title":"St. Louis Area Earthquake Hazards Mapping Project - December 2008-June 2009 Progress Report","docAbstract":"This report summarizes the mission, the project background, the participants, and the progress of the St. Louis Area Earthquake Hazards Mapping Project (SLAEHMP) for the period from December 2008 through June 2009. During this period, the SLAEHMP held five conference calls and two face-to-face meetings in St. Louis, participated in several earthquake awareness public meetings, held one outreach field trip for the business and government community, collected and compiled new borehole and digital elevation data from partners, and published a project summary.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20091245","collaboration":"Prepared in collaboration with the St. Louis Area Earthquake Hazards Mapping Project (SLAEHMP)","usgsCitation":"Williams, R.A., Bauer, R., Boyd, O., Chung, J., Cramer, C., Gaunt, D., Hempen, G., Hoffman, D., McCallister, N., Prewett, J., Rogers, J., Steckel, P., and Watkins, C., 2009, St. Louis Area Earthquake Hazards Mapping Project - December 2008-June 2009 Progress Report: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1245, iii, 7 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20091245.","productDescription":"iii, 7 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2008-12-01","temporalEnd":"2009-06-30","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125518,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2009_1245.jpg"},{"id":13155,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2009/1245/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -93,34 ], [ -93,41 ], [ -86,41 ], [ -86,34 ], [ -93,34 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e2e4b07f02db5e49ad","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Williams, R. A.","contributorId":82323,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303781,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bauer, R.A.","contributorId":102599,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bauer","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303786,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Boyd, O.S.","contributorId":74479,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boyd","given":"O.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303780,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Chung, J.","contributorId":100971,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chung","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303784,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Cramer, C.H.","contributorId":100012,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cramer","given":"C.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303783,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Gaunt, D.A.","contributorId":29097,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gaunt","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303774,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Hempen, G.L.","contributorId":59532,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hempen","given":"G.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303776,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Hoffman, D.","contributorId":72895,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoffman","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303779,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"McCallister, N.S.","contributorId":92777,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCallister","given":"N.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303782,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Prewett, J.L.","contributorId":64764,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prewett","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303778,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Rogers, J.D.","contributorId":63501,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rogers","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303777,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Steckel, P.J.","contributorId":41547,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steckel","given":"P.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303775,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Watkins, C.M.","contributorId":101766,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watkins","given":"C.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303785,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13}]}} ,{"id":97974,"text":"ds427 - 2009 - Ground-water quality data in the Owens and Indian Wells Valleys study unit, 2006: Results from the California GAMA Program","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-13T20:24:36.22517","indexId":"ds427","displayToPublicDate":"2009-11-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"427","title":"Ground-water quality data in the Owens and Indian Wells Valleys study unit, 2006: Results from the California GAMA Program","docAbstract":"Ground-water quality in the approximately 1,630 square-mile Owens and Indian Wells Valleys study unit (OWENS) was investigated in September-December 2006 as part of the Priority Basin Project of Groundwater Ambient Monitoring and Assessment (GAMA) Program. The GAMA Priority Basin Project was developed in response to the Groundwater Quality Monitoring Act of 2001 and is being conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in collaboration with the California State Water Resources Control Board (SWRCB).\r\n\r\nThe Owens and Indian Wells Valleys study was designed to provide a spatially unbiased assessment of raw ground-water quality within OWENS study unit, as well as a statistically consistent basis for comparing water quality throughout California. Samples were collected from 74 wells in Inyo, Kern, Mono, and San Bernardino Counties. Fifty-three of the wells were selected using a spatially distributed, randomized grid-based method to provide statistical representation of the study area (grid wells), and 21 wells were selected to evaluate changes in water chemistry in areas of interest (understanding wells).\r\n\r\nThe ground-water samples were analyzed for a large number of synthetic organic constituents [volatile organic compounds (VOCs), pesticides and pesticide degradates, pharmaceutical compounds, and potential wastewater- indicator compounds], constituents of special interest [perchlorate, N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA), and 1,2,3- trichloropropane (1,2,3-TCP)], naturally occurring inorganic constituents [nutrients, major and minor ions, and trace elements], radioactive constituents, and microbial indicators. Naturally occurring isotopes [tritium, and carbon-14, and stable isotopes of hydrogen and oxygen in water], and dissolved noble gases also were measured to help identify the source and age of the sampled ground water.\r\n\r\nThis study evaluated the quality of raw ground water in the aquifer in the OWENS study unit and did not attempt to evaluate the quality of treated water delivered to consumers. Water supplied to consumers typically is treated after withdrawal from the ground, disinfected, and blended with other waters to maintain acceptable water quality. Regulatory thresholds apply to treated water that is served to the consumer, not to raw ground water. However, to provide some context for the results, concentrations of constituents measured in the raw ground water were compared with regulatory and non-regulatory health-based thresholds established by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) and California Department of Public Health (CDPH) and non-regulatory thresholds established for aesthetic concerns (secondary maximum contamination levels, SMCL-CA) by CDPH.\r\n\r\nVOCs and pesticides were detected in samples from less than one-third of the grid wells; all detections were below health-based thresholds, and most were less than one-one hundredth of threshold values. All detections of perchlorate and nutrients in samples from OWENS were below health-based thresholds.\r\n\r\nMost detections of trace elements in ground-water samples from OWENS wells were below health-based thresholds. In samples from the 53 grid wells, three constituents were detected at concentrations above USEPA maximum contaminant levels: arsenic in 5 samples, uranium in 4 samples, and fluoride in 1 sample. Two constituents were detected at concentrations above CDPH notification levels (boron in 9 samples and vanadium in 1 sample), and two were above USEPA lifetime health advisory levels (molybdenum in 3 samples and strontium in 1 sample). Most of the samples from OWENS wells had concentrations of major elements, TDS, and trace elements below the non-enforceable standards set for aesthetic concerns. Samples from nine grid wells had concentrations of manganese, iron, or TDS above the SMCL-CAs.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ds427","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with California State Water Resources Control Board; A product of the California Groundwater Ambient Monitoring and Assessment (GAMA) Program","usgsCitation":"Densmore, J., Fram, M.S., and Belitz, K., 2009, Ground-water quality data in the Owens and Indian Wells Valleys study unit, 2006: Results from the California GAMA Program: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 427, x, 88 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ds427.","productDescription":"x, 88 p.","temporalStart":"2006-09-01","temporalEnd":"2006-12-13","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125384,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds_427.jpg"},{"id":403687,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_87577.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":13152,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/427/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Owens and Indian Wells Valleys study unit","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -118.7033,\n 35.3167\n ],\n [\n -117.5,\n 35.3167\n ],\n [\n -117.5,\n 37.9167\n ],\n [\n -118.7033,\n 37.9167\n ],\n [\n -118.7033,\n 35.3167\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ab0e4b07f02db66d5ae","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Densmore, Jill N. 0000-0002-5345-6613","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5345-6613","contributorId":89179,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Densmore","given":"Jill N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303768,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fram, Miranda S. 0000-0002-6337-059X mfram@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6337-059X","contributorId":1156,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fram","given":"Miranda","email":"mfram@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303767,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Belitz, Kenneth 0000-0003-4481-2345 kbelitz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4481-2345","contributorId":442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belitz","given":"Kenneth","email":"kbelitz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303766,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70048818,"text":"70048818 - 2009 - Sample project: establishing a global forest monitoring capability using multi-resolution and multi-temporal remotely sensed data sets","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-11-06T11:07:23","indexId":"70048818","displayToPublicDate":"2009-11-06T10:55:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3572,"text":"The NASA LCLUC Program: an interdisciplinary approach to studying land-cover and land-use change","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sample project: establishing a global forest monitoring capability using multi-resolution and multi-temporal remotely sensed data sets","docAbstract":"Quantifying rates of forest-cover change is important for improved carbon accounting and climate change modeling, management of forestry and agricultural resources, and biodiversity monitoring. A practical solution to examining trends in forest cover change at global scale is to employ remotely sensed data. Satellite-based monitoring of forest cover can be implemented consistently across large regions at annual and inter-annual intervals. This research extends previous research on global forest-cover dynamics and land-cover change estimation to establish a robust, operational forest monitoring and assessment system. The approach integrates both MODIS and Landsat data to provide timely biome-scale forest change estimation. This is achieved by using annual MODIS change indicator maps to stratify biomes into low, medium and high change categories. Landsat image pairs can then be sampled within these strata and analyzed for estimating area of forest cleared.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"The NASA LCLUC Program: an interdisciplinary approach to studying land-cover and land-use change","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"language":"English","publisher":"University of Maryland","publisherLocation":"College Park","usgsCitation":"Hansen, M., Stehman, S., Loveland, T., Vogelmann, J., and Cochrane, M., 2009, Sample project: establishing a global forest monitoring capability using multi-resolution and multi-temporal remotely sensed data sets: The NASA LCLUC Program: an interdisciplinary approach to studying land-cover and land-use change, p. 3-3.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"3","endPage":"3","numberOfPages":"1","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":278878,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -102.7,-44.6 ], [ -102.7,32.4 ], [ 155.4,32.4 ], [ 155.4,-44.6 ], [ -102.7,-44.6 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"527b7321e4b0a7295d9b864d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hansen, Matt","contributorId":61330,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hansen","given":"Matt","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485705,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stehman, Steve","contributorId":87852,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stehman","given":"Steve","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485707,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Loveland, Tom 0000-0003-3114-6646 loveland@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3114-6646","contributorId":11107,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loveland","given":"Tom","email":"loveland@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485704,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Vogelmann, Jim 0000-0002-0804-5823","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0804-5823","contributorId":86254,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vogelmann","given":"Jim","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485706,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Cochrane, Mark","contributorId":95376,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cochrane","given":"Mark","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485708,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70157569,"text":"70157569 - 2009 - Pelagic habitat visualization: the need for a third (and fourth) dimension: HabitatSpace","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-04T10:51:08","indexId":"70157569","displayToPublicDate":"2009-11-06T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Pelagic habitat visualization: the need for a third (and fourth) dimension: HabitatSpace","docAbstract":"Habitat in open water is not simply a 2-D to 2.5-D surface such as the ocean bottom or the air-water interface. Rather, pelagic habitat is a 3-D volume of water that can change over time, leading us to the term habitat space. Visualization and analysis in 2-D is well supported with GIS tools, but a new tool was needed for visualization and analysis in four dimensions. Observational data (cruise profiles (x<sub>o</sub>, y<sub>o</sub>, z, t<sub>o</sub>)), numerical circulation model fields (x,y,z,t), and trajectories (larval fish, 4-D line) need to be merged together in a meaningful way for visualization and analysis. As a first step toward this new framework, UNIDATA’s Integrated Data Viewer (IDV) has been used to create a set of tools for habitat analysis in 4-D. IDV was designed for 3-D+time geospatial data in the meteorological community. NetCDF Java<sup>TM</sup> libraries allow the tool to read many file formats including remotely located data (e.g. data available via OPeNDAP ). With this project, IDV has been adapted for use in delineating habitat space for multiple fish species in the ocean. The ability to define and visualize boundaries of a water mass, which meets specific biologically relevant criteria (e.g., volume, connectedness, and inter-annual variability) based on model results and observational data, will allow managers to investigate the survival of individual year classes of commercially important fisheries. Better understanding of the survival of these year classes will lead to improved forecasting of fisheries recruitment.
","largerWorkType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"largerWorkTitle":"Estuarine and coastal modeling : proceedings of the eleventh international conference, November 4-6, 2009, Seattle, Washington","conferenceTitle":"11th International Conference on Estuarine and Coastal Modeling","conferenceDate":"November 4-6, 2009","conferenceLocation":"Seattle, Washington","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Civil Engineers","doi":"10.1061/41121(388)12","usgsCitation":"Beegle-Krause, C.J., Vance, T., Reusser, D., Stuebe, D., and Howlett, E., 2009, Pelagic habitat visualization: the need for a third (and fourth) dimension: HabitatSpace, in Estuarine and coastal modeling : proceedings of the eleventh international conference, November 4-6, 2009, Seattle, Washington, Seattle, Washington, November 4-6, 2009, p. 187-200, https://doi.org/10.1061/41121(388)12.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"187","endPage":"200","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-020591","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":308668,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-04-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"560a64dae4b058f706e536e2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Beegle-Krause, C J J","contributorId":116322,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beegle-Krause","given":"C","suffix":"J","email":"","middleInitial":"J","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":573668,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Vance, Tiffany","contributorId":148043,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vance","given":"Tiffany","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":573669,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Reusser, Debbie","contributorId":148044,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Reusser","given":"Debbie","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":573670,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stuebe, David","contributorId":148045,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stuebe","given":"David","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":573671,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Howlett, Eoin","contributorId":148046,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Howlett","given":"Eoin","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":573672,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":97970,"text":"ofr20091237 - 2009 - Application of the multi-dimensional surface water modeling system at Bridge 339, Copper River Highway, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-23T10:31:28","indexId":"ofr20091237","displayToPublicDate":"2009-11-03T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-1237","title":"Application of the multi-dimensional surface water modeling system at Bridge 339, Copper River Highway, Alaska","docAbstract":"The Copper River Basin, the sixth largest watershed in Alaska, drains an area of 24,200 square miles. This large, glacier-fed river flows across a wide alluvial fan before it enters the Gulf of Alaska. Bridges along the Copper River Highway, which traverses the alluvial fan, have been impacted by channel migration. Due to a major channel change in 2001, Bridge 339 at Mile 36 of the highway has undergone excessive scour, resulting in damage to its abutments and approaches. During the snow- and ice-melt runoff season, which typically extends from mid-May to September, the design discharge for the bridge often is exceeded. The approach channel shifts continuously, and during our study it has shifted back and forth from the left bank to a course along the right bank nearly parallel to the road.
Maintenance at Bridge 339 has been costly and will continue to be so if no action is taken. Possible solutions to the scour and erosion problem include (1) constructing a guide bank to redirect flow, (2) dredging approximately 1,000 feet of channel above the bridge to align flow perpendicular to the bridge, and (3) extending the bridge. The USGS Multi-Dimensional Surface Water Modeling System (MD_SWMS) was used to assess these possible solutions. The major limitation of modeling these scenarios was the inability to predict ongoing channel migration. We used a hybrid dataset of surveyed and synthetic bathymetry in the approach channel, which provided the best approximation of this dynamic system. Under existing conditions and at the highest measured discharge and stage of 32,500 ft3/s and 51.08 ft, respectively, the velocities and shear stresses simulated by MD_SWMS indicate scour and erosion will continue. Construction of a 250-foot-long guide bank would not improve conditions because it is not long enough. Dredging a channel upstream of Bridge 339 would help align the flow perpendicular to Bridge 339, but because of the mobility of the channel bed, the dredged channel would likely fill in during high flows. Extending Bridge 339 would accommodate higher discharges and re-align flow to the bridge.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20091237","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Alaska Department of Transportation and Public Facilities","usgsCitation":"Brabets, T.P., and Conaway, J.S., 2009, Application of the multi-dimensional surface water modeling system at Bridge 339, Copper River Highway, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1237, iv, 29 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20091237.","productDescription":"iv, 29 p.","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125511,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2009_1237.jpg"},{"id":353646,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2009/1237/pdf/ofr20091237.pdf","text":"Report","size":"12 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":13148,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2009/1237/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -145.25,61 ], [ -145.25,60.75 ], [ -144.25,60.75 ], [ -144.25,61 ], [ -145.25,61 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac6e4b07f02db67a99f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brabets, Timothy P. tbrabets@usgs.gov","contributorId":2087,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brabets","given":"Timothy","email":"tbrabets@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":303757,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Conaway, Jeffrey S. 0000-0002-3036-592X jconaway@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3036-592X","contributorId":2026,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conaway","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jconaway@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":120,"text":"Alaska Science Center Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303758,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":97966,"text":"sir20095195 - 2009 - Sediment Transport in the Bill Williams River and Turbidity in Lake Havasu During and Following Two High Releases from Alamo Dam, Arizona, in 2005 and 2006","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:47","indexId":"sir20095195","displayToPublicDate":"2009-11-03T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-5195","title":"Sediment Transport in the Bill Williams River and Turbidity in Lake Havasu During and Following Two High Releases from Alamo Dam, Arizona, in 2005 and 2006","docAbstract":"Discharges higher than are typically released from Alamo Dam in west-central Arizona were planned and released in 2005, 2006, 2007, and 2008 to study the effects of these releases on the Bill Williams River and Lake Havasu, into which the river debouches. Sediment concentrations and water discharges were measured in the Bill Williams River, and turbidity, temperature, and dissolved oxygen were measured in Lake Havasu during and after experimental releases in 2005 and 2006 from Alamo Dam. Data from such releases will support ongoing ecological studies, improve environmentally sensitive management of the river corridor, and support the development of a predictive relationship between the operation of Alamo Dam and downstream flows and their impact on Lake Havasu and the Colorado River. \r\n\r\nElevated discharges in the Bill Williams River mobilize more sediment than during more typical dam operation and can generate a turbidity plume in Lake Havasu. The intakes for the Central Arizona Project, which transfers Colorado River water to central and southern Arizona, are near the mouth of the Bill Williams River. Measurement of the turbidity and the development of the plume over time consequently were important components of the study. In this report, the measurements of suspended sediment concentration and discharges in the Bill Williams River and of turbidity in Lake Havasu are presented along with calculations of silt and sand loads in the Bill Williams River. \r\n\r\nSediment concentrations were varied and likely dependent on a variable supply. Sediment loads were calculated at the mouth of the river and near Planet, about 10 km upstream from the mouth for the 2005 release, and they indicate that a net increase in transport of silt and a net decrease in the transport of sand occurred in the reach between the two sites.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20095195","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, Central Arizona Project, and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Wiele, S.M., Hart, R.J., Darling, H.L., and Hautzinger, A.B., 2009, Sediment Transport in the Bill Williams River and Turbidity in Lake Havasu During and Following Two High Releases from Alamo Dam, Arizona, in 2005 and 2006: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2009-5195, Report: iv, 23 p.; Appendixes, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20095195.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 23 p.; Appendixes","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2005-01-01","temporalEnd":"2006-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125684,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2009_5195.jpg"},{"id":13144,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2009/5195/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -114.2,34.2 ], [ -114.2,34.36666666666667 ], [ -113.53333333333333,34.36666666666667 ], [ -113.53333333333333,34.2 ], [ -114.2,34.2 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a61e4b07f02db635780","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wiele, Stephen M. smwiele@usgs.gov","contributorId":2199,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wiele","given":"Stephen","email":"smwiele@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303736,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hart, Robert J. bhart@usgs.gov","contributorId":598,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hart","given":"Robert","email":"bhart@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303735,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Darling, Hugh L. hdarling@usgs.gov","contributorId":4681,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Darling","given":"Hugh","email":"hdarling@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":303737,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hautzinger, Andrew B.","contributorId":45411,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hautzinger","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303738,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":97968,"text":"ofr20091190 - 2009 - 2008 Weather and Aeolian Sand-Transport Data from the Colorado River Corridor, Grand Canyon, Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:55","indexId":"ofr20091190","displayToPublicDate":"2009-11-03T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-1190","title":"2008 Weather and Aeolian Sand-Transport Data from the Colorado River Corridor, Grand Canyon, Arizona","docAbstract":"This report presents measurements of weather parameters and aeolian (windblown) sand transport made in 2008 near selected archaeological sites in the Colorado River corridor through Grand Canyon, Ariz. The quantitative methods and data discussed here form a basis for monitoring ecosystem processes that affect archeological-site stability. Combined with forthcoming work to evaluate landscape evolution at nearby archaeological sites, these data can be used to document the relationship between physical processes, including weather and aeolian sand transport, and their effects on the physical integrity of archaeological sites. Data collected in 2008 reveal event- and seasonal-scale variations in rainfall, wind, temperature, humidity, and barometric pressure. Broad seasonal changes in aeolian sediment flux are also apparent at most study sites. \r\n\r\nThe continuation of monitoring that began in 2007, and installation of equipment at several new sites in early 2008, allowed evaluation of the effects of the March 2008 high-flow experiment (HFE) on aeolian sand transport. At two of the nine sites studied, spring and summer winds reworked 2008 HFE sandbars to form new aeolian dunes, at which sand moved inland toward larger, well-established dune fields. At the other seven study sites, neither dune formation nor enhanced sand transport after the HFE were observed. At several of those sites, dominant wind directions in spring 2008 were not oriented such that much HFE sand would have moved inland; at other sites, lack of increased inland sand flux is attributable to lack of sandbar enlargement near the study sites or to inhibition of sand movement by vegetation or local topography.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20091190","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Northern Arizona University and Utah State University","usgsCitation":"Draut, A.E., Sondossi, H.A., Hazel, J., Andrews, T., Fairley, H., Brown, C.R., and Vanaman, K.M., 2009, 2008 Weather and Aeolian Sand-Transport Data from the Colorado River Corridor, Grand Canyon, Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1190, vi, 98 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20091190.","productDescription":"vi, 98 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2008-01-01","temporalEnd":"2008-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125492,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2009_1190.jpg"},{"id":13146,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2009/1190/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -114.5,35.25 ], [ -114.5,37 ], [ -111,37 ], [ -111,35.25 ], [ -114.5,35.25 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd4924e4b0b290850eeea3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Draut, Amy E.","contributorId":92215,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Draut","given":"Amy","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303749,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sondossi, Hoda A.","contributorId":97594,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sondossi","given":"Hoda","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303750,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hazel, Joseph E. Jr.","contributorId":91819,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hazel","given":"Joseph E.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303748,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Andrews, Timothy tandrews@usgs.gov","contributorId":4420,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andrews","given":"Timothy","email":"tandrews@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303745,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fairley, Helen C.","contributorId":10506,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fairley","given":"Helen C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303747,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Brown, Christopher R. crbrown@usgs.gov","contributorId":4751,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"Christopher","email":"crbrown@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303746,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Vanaman, Karen M. kvanaman@usgs.gov","contributorId":4078,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vanaman","given":"Karen","email":"kvanaman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":303744,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":97965,"text":"sir20095135 - 2009 - Statistical Summaries of Streamflow in and near Oklahoma Through 2007","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:28","indexId":"sir20095135","displayToPublicDate":"2009-11-03T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-5135","title":"Statistical Summaries of Streamflow in and near Oklahoma Through 2007","docAbstract":"Statistical summaries of streamflow records through 2007 for gaging stations in Oklahoma and parts of adjacent states are presented for 238 stations with at least 10 years of streamflow record. Streamflow at 120 of the stations is regulated for specific periods. Data for these periods were analyzed separately to account for changes in streamflow because of regulation by dams or other human modification of streamflow. A brief description of the location, drainage area, and period of record is given for each gaging station. A brief regulation history also is given for stations with a regulated streamflow record. This descriptive information is followed by tables of mean and median monthly and annual discharges, magnitude and probability of exceedance of annual instantaneous peak flows, durations of daily mean flow, magnitude and probability of nonexceedance of annual low flows, and magnitude and probability of nonexceedance of seasonal low flows.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20095135","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Oklahoma Water Resources Board","usgsCitation":"Lewis, J.M., and Esralew, R.A., 2009, Statistical Summaries of Streamflow in and near Oklahoma Through 2007: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2009-5135, iv, 634 p. (with tables), https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20095135.","productDescription":"iv, 634 p. (with tables)","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":516,"text":"Oklahoma Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125606,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2009_5135.jpg"},{"id":13143,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2009/5135/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -103,33.5 ], [ -103,37 ], [ -94,37 ], [ -94,33.5 ], [ -103,33.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49dee4b07f02db5e308f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lewis, Jason M. 0000-0001-5337-1890 jmlewis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5337-1890","contributorId":3854,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lewis","given":"Jason","email":"jmlewis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":516,"text":"Oklahoma Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303733,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Esralew, Rachel A.","contributorId":104862,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Esralew","given":"Rachel","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303734,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":97969,"text":"ofr20091239 - 2009 - Geochemical data for samples collected in 2008 near the concealed pebble porphyry Cu-Au-Mo deposit, Southwest Alaska","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":97969,"text":"ofr20091239 - 2009 - Geochemical data for samples collected in 2008 near the concealed pebble porphyry Cu-Au-Mo deposit, Southwest Alaska","indexId":"ofr20091239","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"title":"Geochemical data for samples collected in 2008 near the concealed pebble porphyry Cu-Au-Mo deposit, Southwest Alaska"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":70004631,"text":"ds608 - 2011 - Geophysical, geochemical, and mineralogical data from the Pebble Cu-Au-Mo porphyry deposit area, southwest Alaska: Contributions to assessment techniques for concealed mineral resources","indexId":"ds608","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"title":"Geophysical, geochemical, and mineralogical data from the Pebble Cu-Au-Mo porphyry deposit area, southwest Alaska: Contributions to assessment techniques for concealed mineral resources"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":70004631,"text":"ds608 - 2011 - Geophysical, geochemical, and mineralogical data from the Pebble Cu-Au-Mo porphyry deposit area, southwest Alaska: Contributions to assessment techniques for concealed mineral resources","indexId":"ds608","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"title":"Geophysical, geochemical, and mineralogical data from the Pebble Cu-Au-Mo porphyry deposit area, southwest Alaska: Contributions to assessment techniques for concealed mineral resources"},"lastModifiedDate":"2019-08-16T06:36:40","indexId":"ofr20091239","displayToPublicDate":"2009-11-03T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-1239","title":"Geochemical data for samples collected in 2008 near the concealed pebble porphyry Cu-Au-Mo deposit, Southwest Alaska","docAbstract":"In the summer of 2007, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) began an exploration geochemical research study over the Pebble porphyry copper-gold-molybdenum deposit. This report presents the analytical data collected in 2008. The Pebble deposit is world class in size, and is almost entirely concealed by tundra, glacial deposits, and post-Cretaceous volcanic rocks. The Pebble deposit was chosen for this study because it is concealed by surficial cover rocks, is relatively undisturbed (except for exploration company drill holes), is a large mineral system, and is fairly well-constrained at depth by the drill hole geology and geochemistry. The goals of this study are to 1) determine whether the concealed deposit can be detected with surface samples, 2) better understand the processes of metal migration from the deposit to the surface, and 3) test and develop methods for assessing mineral resources in similar concealed terrains. The analytical data are presented as an integrated Microsoft Access 2003 database and as separate Excel files.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20091239","usgsCitation":"Fey, D.L., Granitto, M., Giles, S.A., Smith, S.M., Eppinger, R.G., and Kelley, K., 2009, Geochemical data for samples collected in 2008 near the concealed pebble porphyry Cu-Au-Mo deposit, Southwest Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1239, Report: xi, 107 p.; 1 Plate: 36 x 36 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20091239.","productDescription":"Report: xi, 107 p.; 1 Plate: 36 x 36 inches","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":177,"text":"Central Region Mineral Resources Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":126862,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2009_1239.jpg"},{"id":13147,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2009/1239/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -157,59 ], [ -157,62 ], [ -148,62 ], [ -148,59 ], [ -157,59 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6ae9d1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fey, David L. dfey@usgs.gov","contributorId":713,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fey","given":"David","email":"dfey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303751,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Granitto, Matthew 0000-0003-3445-4863 granitto@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3445-4863","contributorId":1224,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Granitto","given":"Matthew","email":"granitto@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303753,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Giles, Stuart A. 0000-0002-8696-5078 sgiles@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8696-5078","contributorId":1233,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Giles","given":"Stuart","email":"sgiles@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303754,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Smith, Steven M. 0000-0003-3591-5377 smsmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3591-5377","contributorId":1460,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Steven","email":"smsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303755,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Eppinger, Robert G. eppinger@usgs.gov","contributorId":849,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eppinger","given":"Robert","email":"eppinger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303752,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kelley, Karen D. 0000-0002-3232-5809","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3232-5809","contributorId":57817,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kelley","given":"Karen D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303756,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70199497,"text":"70199497 - 2009 - Development of an objective‐oriented groundwater model for conjunctive‐use planning of surface water and groundwater","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-19T13:28:11","indexId":"70199497","displayToPublicDate":"2009-11-01T13:26:55","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Development of an objective‐oriented groundwater model for conjunctive‐use planning of surface water and groundwater","docAbstract":"In this paper we construct an objective‐oriented model for conjunctive‐use planning of surface water and groundwater for the Warren groundwater basin in southern California. The goal of conjunctive‐use planning is to decrease high‐nitrate concentration while maintaining groundwater levels at desired elevations and meeting water demand. We formulate a management problem that minimizes the total cost over the proper choices of the time‐varying pumping and recharge rates at prespecified wells and surface ponds. To make the solution of the management problem reliable, we must have an accurate simulation model to predict groundwater level and nitrate concentration distributions under different management alternatives. The objective‐oriented model construction approach seeks a representative parameter that has the simplest structure and requires the minimum data for identification but can produce reliable results for a given model application. With the data from the Warren groundwater basin, we show how to incorporate management objectives into the construction of an objective‐oriented model, identify the parameter structure and its corresponding parameter values, solve the generalized inverse problem effectively by finding the worst‐case parameter (WCP), evaluate the sufficiency of existing data, and find a robust experiment design when the existing data are insufficient. Results of this case study show that the presented methodology is useful in practice because (1) data sufficiency can be judged before conducting actual field experiments and (2) the identified WCP drastically reduces the computation time for constructing an objective‐oriented model.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2007WR006662","usgsCitation":"Chiu, Y., Sun, N., Nishikawa, T., and Yeh, W.W., 2009, Development of an objective‐oriented groundwater model for conjunctive‐use planning of surface water and groundwater: Water Resources Research, v. 45, no. 12, 13 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2007WR006662.","productDescription":"13 p.","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":357495,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Warren groundwater basin","volume":"45","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-07-31","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c10cac3e4b034bf6a7f765d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chiu, Yung-Chia","contributorId":103134,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chiu","given":"Yung-Chia","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":745588,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sun, Ne-Zheng","contributorId":208008,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sun","given":"Ne-Zheng","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":745589,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nishikawa, Tracy 0000-0002-7348-3838 tnish@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7348-3838","contributorId":1515,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nishikawa","given":"Tracy","email":"tnish@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":745590,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Yeh, William W.-G.","contributorId":89344,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Yeh","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"W.-G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":745591,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70043336,"text":"70043336 - 2009 - Comprehensive inter-laboratory calibration of reference materials for δ18O versus VSMOW using various on-line high-temperature conversion techniques","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-01T13:34:59","indexId":"70043336","displayToPublicDate":"2009-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3233,"text":"Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Comprehensive inter-laboratory calibration of reference materials for δ18O versus VSMOW using various on-line high-temperature conversion techniques","title":"Comprehensive inter-laboratory calibration of reference materials for δ18O versus VSMOW using various on-line high-temperature conversion techniques","docAbstract":"Internationally distributed organic and inorganic oxygen isotopic reference materials have been calibrated by six laboratories carrying out more than 5300 measurements using a variety of high-temperature conversion techniques (HTC) in an evaluation sponsored by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC). To aid in the calibration of these reference materials, which span more than 125‰, an artificially enriched reference water (δ18O of +78.91‰) and two barium sulfates (one depleted and one enriched in 18O) were prepared and calibrated relative to VSMOW2 and SLAP reference waters. These materials were used to calibrate the other isotopic reference materials in this study, which yielded:
| Reference material | δ18O and estimated combined uncertainty |
|---|---|
| IAEA-602 benzoic acid | +71.28 ± 0.36‰ |
| USGS35 sodium nitrate | +56.81 ± 0.31‰ |
| IAEA-NO-3 potassium nitrate | +25.32 ± 0.29‰ |
| IAEA-601 benzoic acid | +23.14 ± 0.19‰ |
| IAEA-SO-5 barium sulfate | +12.13 ± 0.33‰ |
| NBS 127 barium sulfate | +8.59 ± 0.26‰ |
| VSMOW2 water | 0‰ |
| IAEA-600 caffeine | −3.48 ± 0.53‰ |
| IAEA-SO-6 barium sulfate | −11.35 ± 0.31‰ |
| USGS34 potassium nitrate | −27.78 ± 0.37‰ |
| SLAP water | −55.5‰ |
The seemingly large estimated combined uncertainties arise from differences in instrumentation and methodology and difficulty in accounting for all measurement bias. They are composed of the 3-fold standard errors directly calculated from the measurements and provision for systematic errors discussed in this paper. A primary conclusion of this study is that nitrate samples analyzed for δ18O should be analyzed with internationally distributed isotopic nitrates, and likewise for sulfates and organics. Authors reporting relative differences of oxygen-isotope ratios (δ18O) of nitrates, sulfates, or organic material should explicitly state in their reports the δ18O values of two or more internationally distributed nitrates (USGS34, IAEA-NO-3, and USGS35), sulfates (IAEA-SO-5, IAEA-SO-6, and NBS 127), or organic material (IAEA-601 benzoic acid, IAEA-602 benzoic acid, and IAEA-600 caffeine), as appropriate to the material being analyzed, had these reference materials been analyzed with unknowns. This procedure ensures that readers will be able to normalize the δ18O values at a later time should it become necessary.
The high-temperature reduction technique for analyzing δ18O and δ2H is not as widely applicable as the well-established combustion technique for carbon and nitrogen stable isotope determination. To obtain the most reliable stable isotope data, materials should be treated in an identical fashion; within the same sequence of analyses, samples should be compared with working reference materials that are as similar in nature and in isotopic composition as feasible.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/rcm.3958","usgsCitation":"Brand, W., Coplen, T.B., Aerts-Bijma, A.T., Bohlke, J., Gehre, M., Geilmann, H., Groning, M., Jansen, H.G., Meijer, H.A., Mroczkowski, S.J., Qi, H., Soergel, K., Stuart-Williams, H., Weise, S.M., and Werner, R.A., 2009, Comprehensive inter-laboratory calibration of reference materials for δ18O versus VSMOW using various on-line high-temperature conversion techniques: Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry, v. 23, p. 999-1019, https://doi.org/10.1002/rcm.3958.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"999","endPage":"1019","numberOfPages":"21","ipdsId":"IP-010249","costCenters":[{"id":146,"text":"Branch of Regional Research-Eastern Region","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":269014,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":267270,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rcm.3958"}],"volume":"23","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-03-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd5252e4b0b290850f4756","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brand, Willi A.","contributorId":38866,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brand","given":"Willi A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473416,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Coplen, Tyler B. 0000-0003-4884-6008 tbcoplen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4884-6008","contributorId":508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coplen","given":"Tyler","email":"tbcoplen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37464,"text":"WMA - Laboratory & Analytical Services Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":473413,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Aerts-Bijma, Anita T.","contributorId":85855,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aerts-Bijma","given":"Anita","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473420,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bohlke, John Karl 0000-0001-5693-6455","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5693-6455","contributorId":84641,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bohlke","given":"John Karl","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473419,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gehre, Matthias","contributorId":34004,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gehre","given":"Matthias","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473415,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Geilmann, Heike","contributorId":41303,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Geilmann","given":"Heike","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13365,"text":"Max-Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":473417,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Groning, Manfred","contributorId":47659,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Groning","given":"Manfred","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473418,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Jansen, Henk G.","contributorId":56466,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jansen","given":"Henk","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":696902,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Meijer, Harro A. J.","contributorId":65684,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meijer","given":"Harro","email":"","middleInitial":"A. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":696903,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Mroczkowski, Stanley J. 0000-0001-8026-6025 smroczko@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8026-6025","contributorId":2628,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mroczkowski","given":"Stanley","email":"smroczko@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":473414,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Qi, Haiping 0000-0002-8339-744X haipingq@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8339-744X","contributorId":507,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Qi","given":"Haiping","email":"haipingq@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":473412,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Soergel, Karin","contributorId":45921,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Soergel","given":"Karin","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":696904,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Stuart-Williams, Hilary","contributorId":24971,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stuart-Williams","given":"Hilary","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":696905,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Weise, Stephan M.","contributorId":9487,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weise","given":"Stephan","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":696906,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Werner, Roland A.","contributorId":187806,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Werner","given":"Roland","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":696907,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15}]}} ,{"id":70003421,"text":"70003421 - 2009 - Effects of wildlife forestry on abundance of breeding birds in bottomland hardwood forests of Louisiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-03-05T19:24:06.076685","indexId":"70003421","displayToPublicDate":"2009-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of wildlife forestry on abundance of breeding birds in bottomland hardwood forests of Louisiana","docAbstract":"Effects of silvicultural activities on birds are of increasing interest because of documented national declines in breeding bird populations for some species and the potential that these declines are in part due to changes in forest habitat. Silviculturally induced disturbances have been advocated as a means to achieve suitable forest conditions for priority wildlife species in bottomland hardwood forests. We evaluated how silvicultural activities on conservation lands in bottomland hardwood forests of Louisiana, USA, influenced species-specific densities of breeding birds. Our data were from independent studies, which used standardized point-count surveys for breeding birds in 124 bottomland hardwood forest stands on 12 management areas. We used Program DISTANCE 5.0, Release 2.0 (Thomas et al. 2006) to estimate density for 43 species with >50 detections. For 36 of those species we compared density estimates among harvest regimes (individual selection, group selection, extensive harvest, and no harvest). We observed 10 species with similar densities in those harvest regimes compared with densities in stands not harvested. However, we observed 10 species that were negatively impacted by harvest with greater densities in stands not harvested, 9 species with greater densities in individual selection stands, 4 species with greater densities in group selection stands, and 4 species with greater densities in stands receiving an extensive harvest (e.g., >40% canopy removal). Differences in intensity of harvest influenced densities of breeding birds. Moreover, community-wide avian conservation values of stands subjected to individual and group selection, and stands not harvested, were similar to each other and greater than that of stands subjected to extensive harvest that removed >40% canopy cover. These results have implications for managers estimating breeding bird populations, in addition to predicting changes in bird communities as a result of prescribed and future forest management practices.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2193/2008-497","usgsCitation":"Norris, J.L., Chamberlain, M.J., and Twedt, D.J., 2009, Effects of wildlife forestry on abundance of breeding birds in bottomland hardwood forests of Louisiana: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 73, no. 8, p. 1368-1379, https://doi.org/10.2193/2008-497.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1368","endPage":"1379","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":384099,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -94.10888671875,\n 33.04550781490999\n ],\n [\n -94.06494140625,\n 32.10118973232094\n ],\n [\n -93.58154296875,\n 31.147006308556566\n ],\n [\n -93.75732421875,\n 30.372875188118016\n ],\n [\n -93.8232421875,\n 29.76437737516313\n ],\n [\n -92.26318359375,\n 29.477861195816843\n ],\n [\n -90.966796875,\n 29.152161283318915\n ],\n [\n -90.10986328125,\n 29.017748018496047\n ],\n [\n -89.01123046875,\n 29.05616970274342\n ],\n [\n -89.384765625,\n 30.221101852485987\n ],\n [\n -89.97802734375,\n 29.99300228455108\n ],\n [\n -90.37353515625,\n 30.050076521698735\n ],\n [\n -91.23046875,\n 30.467614102257855\n ],\n [\n -91.62597656249999,\n 31.071755902820133\n ],\n [\n -91.4501953125,\n 31.653381399664\n ],\n [\n -90.98876953125,\n 32.36140331527543\n ],\n [\n -91.23046875,\n 33.00866349457558\n ],\n [\n -94.10888671875,\n 33.04550781490999\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"73","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-12-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a26e4b07f02db60fb46","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Norris, Jennifer L.","contributorId":74865,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Norris","given":"Jennifer","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347238,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chamberlain, Michael J.","contributorId":53932,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chamberlain","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347237,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Twedt, Daniel J. 0000-0003-1223-5045 dtwedt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1223-5045","contributorId":398,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Twedt","given":"Daniel","email":"dtwedt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":347236,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":97961,"text":"sir20095213 - 2009 - Comparison of Hydrologic and Water-Quality Characteristics of Two Native Tallgrass Prairie Streams with Agricultural Streams in Missouri and Kansas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:28","indexId":"sir20095213","displayToPublicDate":"2009-10-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-5213","title":"Comparison of Hydrologic and Water-Quality Characteristics of Two Native Tallgrass Prairie Streams with Agricultural Streams in Missouri and Kansas","docAbstract":"This report presents the results of a study by the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Missouri Department of Natural Resources, to analyze and compare hydrologic and water-quality characteristics of tallgrass prairie and agricultural basins located within the historical distribution of tallgrass prairie in Missouri and Kansas. Streamflow and water-quality data from two remnant, tallgrass prairie basins (East Drywood Creek at Prairie State Park, Missouri, and Kings Creek near Manhattan, Kansas) were compared to similar data from agricultural basins in Missouri and Kansas.\r\n\r\nPrairie streams, especially Kings Creek in eastern Kansas, received a higher percentage of base flow and a lower percentage of direct runoff than similar-sized agricultural streams in the region. A larger contribution of direct runoff from the agricultural streams made them much flashier than prairie streams. During 22 years of record, the Kings Creek base-flow component averaged 66 percent of total flow, but base flow was only 16 to 26 percent of flows at agricultural sites of various record periods. The large base-flow component likely is the result of greater infiltration of precipitation in prairie soils and the resulting greater contribution of groundwater to streamflow. The 1- and 3-day annual maximum flows were significantly greater at three agricultural sites than at Kings Creek. The effects of flashier agricultural streams on native aquatic biota are unknown, but may be an important factor in the sustainability of some native aquatic species.\r\n\r\nThere were no significant differences in the distribution of dissolved-oxygen concentrations at prairie and agricultural sites, and some samples from most sites fell below the 5 milligrams per liter Missouri and Kansas standard for the protection of aquatic life. More than 10 percent of samples from the East Drywood Creek prairie stream were less than this standard. These data indicate low dissolved-oxygen concentrations during summer low-flow periods may be a natural phenomenon for small prairie streams in the Osage Plains.\r\n\r\nNutrient concentrations including total nitrogen, ammonia, nitrate, and total phosphorus were significantly less in base-flow and runoff samples from prairie streams than from agricultural streams. The total nitrogen concentration at all sites other than one of two prairie sampling sites were, on occasion, above the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency recommended criterion for total nitrogen for the prevention of nutrient enrichment, and typically were above this recommended criterion in runoff samples at all sites. Nitrate and total phosphorus concentrations in samples from the prairie streams generally were below the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency recommended nutrient criteria in base-flow and runoff samples, whereas samples from agricultural sites generally were below the criteria in base-flow samples and generally above in runoff samples. The lower concentrations of nutrient species in prairie streams is likely because prairies are not fertilized like agricultural basins and prairie basins are able to retain nutrients better than agricultural basins. This retention is enhanced by increased infiltration of precipitation into the prairie soils, decreased surface runoff, and likely less erosion than in agricultural basins.\r\n\r\nStreamflow in the small native prairie streams had more days of zero flow and lower streamflow yields than similar-sized agricultural streams. The prairie streams were at zero flow about 50 percent of the time, and the agricultural streams were at zero flow 25 to 35 percent of the time. Characteristics of the prairie basins that could account for the greater periods of zero flow and lower yields when compared to agricultural streams include greater infiltration, greater interception and evapotranspiration, shallower soils, and possible greater seepage losses in the prairie basins. Another difference between the prairie and agricultural strea","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20095213","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Missouri Department of Natural Resources","usgsCitation":"Heimann, D.C., 2009, Comparison of Hydrologic and Water-Quality Characteristics of Two Native Tallgrass Prairie Streams with Agricultural Streams in Missouri and Kansas: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2009-5213, vi, 39 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20095213.","productDescription":"vi, 39 p.","costCenters":[{"id":396,"text":"Missouri Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125689,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2009_5213.jpg"},{"id":13138,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2009/5213/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -98,37 ], [ -98,41 ], [ -91,41 ], [ -91,37 ], [ -98,37 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b23e4b07f02db6ae3fa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Heimann, David C. 0000-0003-0450-2545 dheimann@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0450-2545","contributorId":3822,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heimann","given":"David","email":"dheimann@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":396,"text":"Missouri Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36532,"text":"Central Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303722,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":97962,"text":"ofr20091129 - 2009 - Aeromagnetic and Aeroradiometric Data for the Conterminous United States and Alaska from the National Uranium Resource Evaluation (NURE) Program of the U.S. Department of Energy","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:30","indexId":"ofr20091129","displayToPublicDate":"2009-10-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-1129","title":"Aeromagnetic and Aeroradiometric Data for the Conterminous United States and Alaska from the National Uranium Resource Evaluation (NURE) Program of the U.S. Department of Energy","docAbstract":"The National Uranium Resource Evaluation (NURE) program was initiated in 1973 with a primary goal of identifying uranium resources in the United States. The airborne program's main purpose was to collect radiometric data of the conterminous United States and Alaska. Magnetic data were also collected. After the program ended, most of the data were given to the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). \r\n\r\nAll areas were flown at about 400 feet above ground, the optimum height for collecting radiometric data, and the line spacing varied from 3 to 6 mile intervals. A few selected quadrangles or parts of quadrangles were flown at 1- or 2-mile line spacing. About forty smaller areas were targeted and flown at 0.25-mile to 1 mile line spacing.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20091129","usgsCitation":"Hill, P.L., Kucks, R.P., and Ravat, D., 2009, Aeromagnetic and Aeroradiometric Data for the Conterminous United States and Alaska from the National Uranium Resource Evaluation (NURE) Program of the U.S. Department of Energy: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1129, Available online only, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20091129.","productDescription":"Available online only","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125468,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2009_1129.jpg"},{"id":13139,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2009/1129/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afde4b07f02db697207","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hill, Patricia L. pathill@usgs.gov","contributorId":1327,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hill","given":"Patricia","email":"pathill@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":303723,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kucks, Robert P.","contributorId":11648,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kucks","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303724,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ravat, Dhananjay","contributorId":15893,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ravat","given":"Dhananjay","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303725,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":97959,"text":"ofr20091192 - 2009 - Relations between environmental and water-quality variables and Escherichia coli in the Cuyahoga River with emphasis on turbidity as a predictor of recreational water quality, Cuyahoga Valley National Park, Ohio, 2008","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-09T18:18:33.502837","indexId":"ofr20091192","displayToPublicDate":"2009-10-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-1192","displayTitle":"Relations Between Environmental and Water-Quality Variables and Escherichia coli in the Cuyahoga River With Emphasis on Turbidity as a Predictor of Recreational Water Quality, Cuyahoga Valley National Park, Ohio, 2008","title":"Relations between environmental and water-quality variables and Escherichia coli in the Cuyahoga River with emphasis on turbidity as a predictor of recreational water quality, Cuyahoga Valley National Park, Ohio, 2008","docAbstract":"During the recreational season of 2008 (May through August), a regression model relating turbidity to concentrations of Escherichia coli (E. coli) was used to predict recreational water quality in the Cuyahoga River at the historical community of Jaite, within the present city of Brecksville, Ohio, a site centrally located within Cuyahoga Valley National Park. Samples were collected three days per week at Jaite and at three other sites on the river. Concentrations of E. coli were determined and compared to environmental and water-quality measures and to concentrations predicted with a regression model. Linear relations between E. coli concentrations and turbidity, gage height, and rainfall were statistically significant for Jaite. Relations between E. coli concentrations and turbidity were statistically significant for the three additional sites, and relations between E. coli concentrations and gage height were significant at the two sites where gage-height data were available. The turbidity model correctly predicted concentrations of E. coli above or below Ohio’s single-sample standard for primary-contact recreation for 77 percent of samples collected at Jaite.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20091192","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Cuyahoga Valley National Park and the Ohio Lake Erie Commission","usgsCitation":"Brady, A., and Plona, M.B., 2009, Relations between environmental and water-quality variables and Escherichia coli in the Cuyahoga River with emphasis on turbidity as a predictor of recreational water quality, Cuyahoga Valley National Park, Ohio, 2008: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1192, 14 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20091192.","productDescription":"14 p.","temporalStart":"2008-05-01","temporalEnd":"2008-08-31","costCenters":[{"id":513,"text":"Ohio Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125493,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2009_1192.jpg"},{"id":402012,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_87532.htm"},{"id":13136,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2009/1192/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Ohio","otherGeospatial":"Cuyahoga Valley National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -81.69708251953125,\n 41.08452688125755\n ],\n [\n -81.44302368164062,\n 41.08452688125755\n ],\n [\n -81.44302368164062,\n 41.40771586770284\n ],\n [\n -81.69708251953125,\n 41.40771586770284\n ],\n [\n -81.69708251953125,\n 41.08452688125755\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac8e4b07f02db67c1e3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brady, Amie M. G.","contributorId":29774,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brady","given":"Amie M. G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303715,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Plona, Meg B.","contributorId":46470,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plona","given":"Meg","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303716,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70243750,"text":"70243750 - 2009 - Sediment characterization and dynamics in Lake Pontchartrain, Louisiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-21T16:09:20.946352","indexId":"70243750","displayToPublicDate":"2009-10-28T09:55:19","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2220,"text":"Journal of Coastal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sediment characterization and dynamics in Lake Pontchartrain, Louisiana","docAbstract":"Lake Pontchartrain in southeastern Louisiana is the largest of several shallow estuaries that together cover over 15,000 km2. Wetlands, forests, and large urban areas surround the lake. Primary transport mechanisms of sediments to Lake Pontchartrain include urban runoff, major diversions of the Mississippi River, discharge from streams along the north and west shores, and tidal circulation. Sediments deposited in Lake Pontchartrain are subjected to resuspension and mixing by natural and human activities. Bioturbation and water turbulence throughout the lake are the major mixing agents, and mechanical shell dredging has reworked much of the lake bottom over the last century. Sediment characterization through direct sampling and geophysical surveys indicates that these processes continually rework the top meter of sediment.
The lake receives discharge from roadways and industrial and agricultural sources. Contaminants from these sources accumulate in the lake sediments and are an important contributor to the degradation of the estuary. Decline in populations of various benthic organisms, such as shrimp and clams, has been documented in the lake. To characterize the health of this important estuary, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) conducted a comprehensive evaluation of the geology, geomorphology, coastal processes, and environmental condition of the Pontchartrain Basin from 1994 to 1997. This report presents an assessment of sediment distribution and quality using a multidisciplinary approach to characterize the influence of various physical and chemical parameters: nearsurface stratigraphy, major trace metal concentrations (Cu, Pb, Zn, and Ni), and short-lived radionuclides (210Pb, 7Be, and 137Cs). The results are compared with water-circulation patterns to determine high-resolution sedimentation patterns in the lake. The data show a significant increase in trace metals in the top 1 m of lake sediments. Above this horizon, pollen analysis indicates a correlation with land clearing in the area, a proxy for increasing human development of the surrounding landscape and an increase in surface run-off. The data also show that the top meter of sediment undergoes frequent resuspension during high-energy circulation events and via circulation gyres in the lake. This regular turnover does not allow stratification of recently deposited sediments, restricting the sequestration of contaminated material that enters the lake.
","language":"English","publisher":"Allen Press","doi":"10.2112/SI54-011.1","usgsCitation":"Flocks, J.G., Kindinger, J.L., Marot, M.E., and Holmes, C.W., 2009, Sediment characterization and dynamics in Lake Pontchartrain, Louisiana: Journal of Coastal Research, v. 2009, no. 10054, p. 113-126, https://doi.org/10.2112/SI54-011.1.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"113","endPage":"126","ipdsId":"IP-016692","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":417214,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","otherGeospatial":"Lake Pontchartrain","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -90.61898900723892,\n 30.418098024587806\n ],\n [\n -90.61898900723892,\n 30.01761963592945\n ],\n [\n -89.67442366651264,\n 30.01761963592945\n ],\n [\n -89.67442366651264,\n 30.418098024587806\n ],\n [\n -90.61898900723892,\n 30.418098024587806\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"2009","issue":"10054","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Flocks, James G. 0000-0002-6177-7433 jflocks@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6177-7433","contributorId":816,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flocks","given":"James","email":"jflocks@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":873151,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kindinger, Jack L","contributorId":305544,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kindinger","given":"Jack","email":"","middleInitial":"L","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":873152,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Marot, Marci E 0000-0003-0504-315X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0504-315X","contributorId":305545,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marot","given":"Marci","email":"","middleInitial":"E","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":873153,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Holmes, Charles W","contributorId":305546,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holmes","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"W","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":873154,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":97952,"text":"ofr20091226 - 2009 - Proceedings of the XIIIth IAGA Workshop on Geomagnetic Observatory Instruments, Data Acquisition, and Processing","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-26T15:27:01","indexId":"ofr20091226","displayToPublicDate":"2009-10-27T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-1226","title":"Proceedings of the XIIIth IAGA Workshop on Geomagnetic Observatory Instruments, Data Acquisition, and Processing","docAbstract":"The thirteenth biennial International Association of Geomagnetism and Aeronomy (IAGA) Workshop on Geomagnetic Observatory Instruments, Data Acquisition and Processing was held in the United States for the first time on June 9-18, 2008. Hosted by the U.S. Geological Survey's (USGS) Geomagnetism Program, the workshop's measurement session was held at the Boulder Observatory and the scientific session was held on the campus of the Colorado School of Mines in Golden, Colorado. More than 100 participants came from 36 countries and 6 continents.\r\n\r\nPreparation for the workshop began when the USGS Geomagnetism Program agreed, at the close of the twelfth workshop in Belsk Poland in 2006, to host the next workshop. Working under the leadership of Alan Berarducci, who served as the chairman of the local organizing committee, and Tim White, who served as co-chairman, preparations began in 2007. The Boulder Observatory was extensively renovated and additional observation piers were installed. Meeting space on the Colorado School of Mines campus was arranged, and considerable planning was devoted to managing the many large and small issues that accompany an international meeting. Without the devoted efforts of both Alan and Tim, other Geomagnetism Program staff, and our partners at the Colorado School of Mines, the workshop simply would not have occurred. \r\n\r\nWe express our thanks to Jill McCarthy, the USGS Central Region Geologic Hazards Team Chief Scientist; Carol A. Finn, the Group Leader of the USGS Geomagnetism Program; the USGS International Office; and Melody Francisco of the Office of Special Programs and Continuing Education of the Colorado School of Mines. We also thank the student employees that the Geomagnetism Program has had over the years and leading up to the time of the workshop. For preparation of the proceedings, thanks go to Eddie and Tim. And, finally, we thank our sponsors, the USGS, IAGA, and the Colorado School of Mines.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20091226","usgsCitation":"Love, J.J., 2009, Proceedings of the XIIIth IAGA Workshop on Geomagnetic Observatory Instruments, Data Acquisition, and Processing: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1226, Report: xii, 271 p.; Available online and on CD-ROM, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20091226.","productDescription":"Report: xii, 271 p.; Available online and on CD-ROM","temporalStart":"2008-06-09","temporalEnd":"2008-06-18","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":422,"text":"National Geomagnetism Program","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125507,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2009_1226.jpg"},{"id":13125,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2009/1226/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9ee4b07f02db6603b3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Love, Jeffrey J. 0000-0002-3324-0348 jlove@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3324-0348","contributorId":760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Love","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jlove@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303698,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":97953,"text":"ofr20091242 - 2009 - Particle Size Characterization of Water-Elutriated Libby Amphibole 2000 and RTI International Amosite","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:05","indexId":"ofr20091242","displayToPublicDate":"2009-10-27T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-1242","title":"Particle Size Characterization of Water-Elutriated Libby Amphibole 2000 and RTI International Amosite","docAbstract":"This report presents data on particle characterization analyzed by scanning electron microscopy on Libby amphibole collected by the U.S. Geological Survey in 2000 (LA2000) and amosite material collected by RTI International (RTI amosite). The particle characterization data were generated to support a portion of the Libby Action Plan. Prior to analysis, the raw LA2000 and RTI amosite materials were subjected to a preparation step. Each sample was water-elutriated by U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) Office of Research and Development, Research Triangle Park using the methods generally described in another published report and then delivered to the U.S. Geological Survey, Denver Microbeam Laboratory for analysis. Data presented here represent analyses performed by the U.S. Geological Survey, Denver Microbeam Laboratory and USEPA National Enforcement Investigations Center. This report consists of two Excel spreadsheet files developed by USEPA, Region 8 Superfund Technical Assistance Unit and describe the particle size characterization of the LA2000 and RTI amosite, respectively. Multiple tabs and data entry cells exist in each spreadsheet and are defined herein.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20091242","collaboration":"Prepared for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency in Cooperation with U.S. EPA National Enforcement Investigations Center","usgsCitation":"Lowers, H., and Bern, A.M., 2009, Particle Size Characterization of Water-Elutriated Libby Amphibole 2000 and RTI International Amosite: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1242, Report: iii, 3 p.; Downloads Directory, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20091242.","productDescription":"Report: iii, 3 p.; Downloads Directory","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":177,"text":"Central Region Mineral Resources Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125515,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2009_1242.jpg"},{"id":13126,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2009/1242/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae3e4b07f02db689142","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lowers, Heather 0000-0001-5360-9264 hlowers@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5360-9264","contributorId":710,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lowers","given":"Heather","email":"hlowers@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":303699,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bern, Amy M.","contributorId":67625,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bern","given":"Amy","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303700,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":97955,"text":"ds471 - 2009 - Historical physical and chemical data for water in Lake Powell and from Glen Canyon Dam releases, Utah-Arizona, 1964–2013","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-05-12T19:47:52.032639","indexId":"ds471","displayToPublicDate":"2009-10-27T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"471","title":"Historical physical and chemical data for water in Lake Powell and from Glen Canyon Dam releases, Utah-Arizona, 1964–2013","docAbstract":"This report presents the physical and chemical characteristics of water in Lake Powell and from Glen Canyon Dam releases from 1964 through 2013. These data are available in a several electronic formats. Data have been collected throughout this period by various offices of the Bureau of Reclamation and U.S. Geological Survey and are compiled to represent the existing body of chemical and physical information on Lake Powell and Glen Canyon Dam releases. From this record, further interpretation may be made concerning mixing processes in Lake Powell, the movement and fate of advective inflow currents, effects of climate and hydrological variations, and the effects of the operation and structure of Glen Canyon Dam on the quality of water in Lake Powell and from Glen Canyon Dam releases.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds471","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Bureau of Reclamation","usgsCitation":"Vernieu, W., 2009, Historical physical and chemical data for water in Lake Powell and from Glen Canyon Dam releases, Utah-Arizona, 1964–2013 (Originally posted on October 22, 2009; Version 2.0: October 2013; Version 3.0: February 17, 2015): U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 471, Report: iv, 23 p.; Metadata; Data Folder, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds471.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 23 p.; Metadata; Data Folder","numberOfPages":"32","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"1964-01-01","temporalEnd":"2012-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":118593,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds471.gif"},{"id":417004,"rank":6,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_87526.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":278949,"rank":5,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/471/data/ds471_data.zip","text":"Data folder"},{"id":278948,"rank":4,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/471/pdf/ds471_metadata.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":278947,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/471/pdf/ds471.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":13128,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/471/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona, Utah","otherGeospatial":"Glen Canyon Dam, Lake Powell","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -110.0833,\n 36.8833\n ],\n [\n -110.0833,\n 38\n ],\n [\n -111.4572,\n 38\n ],\n [\n -111.4572,\n 36.8833\n ],\n [\n -110.0833,\n 36.8833\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Originally posted on October 22, 2009; Version 2.0: October 2013; Version 3.0: February 17, 2015","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adbe4b07f02db685cb9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vernieu, William S.","contributorId":49068,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vernieu","given":"William S.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":303704,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":97954,"text":"sir20095192 - 2009 - Predicting recreational water quality using turbidity in the Cuyahoga River, Cuyahoga Valley National Park, Ohio, 2004-7","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-21T22:37:24.03493","indexId":"sir20095192","displayToPublicDate":"2009-10-27T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-5192","title":"Predicting recreational water quality using turbidity in the Cuyahoga River, Cuyahoga Valley National Park, Ohio, 2004-7","docAbstract":"The Cuyahoga River within Cuyahoga Valley National Park (CVNP) in Ohio is often impaired for recreational use because of elevated concentrations of bacteria, which are indicators of fecal contamination. During the recreational seasons (May through August) of 2004 through 2007, samples were collected at two river sites, one upstream of and one centrally-located within CVNP. Bacterial concentrations and turbidity were determined, and streamflow at time of sampling and rainfall amounts over the previous 24 hours prior to sampling were ascertained. Statistical models to predict Escherichia coli (E. coli) concentrations were developed for each site (with data from 2004 through 2006) and tested during an independent year (2007). At Jaite, a sampling site near the center of CVNP, the predictive model performed better than the traditional method of determining the current day's water quality using the previous day's E. coli concentration. During 2007, the Jaite model, based on turbidity, produced more correct responses (81 percent) and fewer false negatives (3.2 percent) than the traditional method (68 and 26 percent, respectively). At Old Portage, a sampling site just upstream from CVNP, a predictive model with turbidity and rainfall as explanatory variables did not perform as well as the traditional method. The Jaite model was used to estimate water quality at three other sites in the park; although it did not perform as well as the traditional method, it performed well - yielding between 68 and 91 percent correct responses. Further research would be necessary to determine whether using the Jaite model to predict recreational water quality elsewhere on the river would provide accurate results.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20095192","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the National Park Service and the Ohio Lake Erie Commission","usgsCitation":"Brady, A., Bushon, R.N., and Plona, M.B., 2009, Predicting recreational water quality using turbidity in the Cuyahoga River, Cuyahoga Valley National Park, Ohio, 2004-7: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2009-5192, iv, 16 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20095192.","productDescription":"iv, 16 p.","temporalStart":"2004-05-01","temporalEnd":"2007-08-31","costCenters":[{"id":513,"text":"Ohio Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125682,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2009_5192.jpg"},{"id":13127,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2009/5192/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":410905,"rank":2,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_87529.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Ohio","otherGeospatial":"Cuyahoga River, Cuyahoga Valley National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -81.6667,\n 41.1233\n ],\n [\n -81.6667,\n 41.4011\n ],\n [\n -81.4833,\n 41.4011\n ],\n [\n -81.4833,\n 41.1233\n ],\n [\n -81.6667,\n 41.1233\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acce4b07f02db67e844","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brady, Amie M. G.","contributorId":29774,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brady","given":"Amie M. G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303702,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bushon, Rebecca N. rnbushon@usgs.gov","contributorId":2304,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bushon","given":"Rebecca","email":"rnbushon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":513,"text":"Ohio Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303701,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Plona, Meg B.","contributorId":46470,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plona","given":"Meg","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303703,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":97957,"text":"sir20095222 - 2009 - Comparison of the Immunomagnetic Separation/Adenosine Triphosphate Rapid Method and the Modified mTEC Membrane-Filtration Method for Enumeration of Escherichia coli","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:30","indexId":"sir20095222","displayToPublicDate":"2009-10-27T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-5222","title":"Comparison of the Immunomagnetic Separation/Adenosine Triphosphate Rapid Method and the Modified mTEC Membrane-Filtration Method for Enumeration of Escherichia coli","docAbstract":"Water quality at beaches is monitored for fecal indicator bacteria by traditional, culture-based methods that can take 18 to 24 hours to obtain results. A rapid detection method that provides estimated concentrations of fecal indicator bacteria within 1 hour from the start of sample processing would allow beach managers to post advisories or close the beach when the conditions are actually considered unsafe instead of a day later, when conditions may have changed. A rapid method that couples immunomagnetic separation with adenosine triphosphate detection (IMS/ATP rapid method) was evaluated through monitoring of Escherichia coli (E. coli) at three Lake Erie beaches in Ohio (Edgewater and Villa Angela in Cleveland and Huntington in Bay Village).\r\n\r\n\r\nBeach water samples were collected between 4 and 5 days per week during the recreational seasons (May through September) of 2006 and 2007. Composite samples were created in the lab from two point samples collected at each beach and were shown to be comparable substitutes for analysis of two individual samples. E. coli concentrations in composite samples, as determined by the culture-based method, ranged from 4 to 24,000 colony-forming units per 100 milliliters during this study across all beaches. Turbidity also was measured for each sample and ranged from 0.8 to 260 neophelometric turbidity ratio units. Environmental variables were noted at the time of sampling, including number of birds at the beach and wave height. Rainfall amounts were measured at National Weather Service stations at local airports. Turbidity, rainfall, and wave height were significantly related to the culture-based method results each year and for both years combined at each beach. The number of birds at the beach was significantly related to the culture-based method results only at Edgewater during 2006 and during both years combined.\r\n\r\nResults of the IMS/ATP method were compared to results of the culture-based method for samples by year for each beach. The IMS/ATP method underwent several changes and refinements during the first year, including changes in reagents and antibodies and alterations to the method protocol. Because of the changes in the method, results from the two years of study could not be combined. Kendall's tau correlation coefficients for relations between the IMS/ATP and culture-based methods were significant except for samples collected during 2006 at Edgewater and for samples collected during 2007 at Villa Angela. Further, relations were stronger for samples collected in 2006 than for those collected in 2007, except at Edgewater where the reverse was observed.\r\n\r\nThe 2007 dataset was examined to identify possible reasons for the observed difference in significance of relations by year. By dividing the 2007 data set into groups as a function of sampling date, relations (Kendall's tau) between methods were observed to be stronger for samples collected earlier in the season than for those collected later in the season. At Edgewater and Villa Angela, there were more birds at the beach at time of sampling later in the season compared to earlier in the season. (The number of birds was not examined at Huntington.) Also, more wet days (when rainfall during the 24 hours prior to sampling was greater than 0.05 inch) were sampled later in the season compared to earlier in the season. Differences in the dominant fecal source may explain the change in the relations between the culture-based and IMS/ATP methods.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20095222","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Northeast Ohio Regional Sewer District, Cuyahoga County Board of Health, Cuyahoga County Sanitary Engineer, and Ohio Water Development Authority","usgsCitation":"Brady, A., Bushon, R.N., and Bertke, E.E., 2009, Comparison of the Immunomagnetic Separation/Adenosine Triphosphate Rapid Method and the Modified mTEC Membrane-Filtration Method for Enumeration of Escherichia coli: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2009-5222, viii, 22 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20095222.","productDescription":"viii, 22 p.","temporalStart":"2006-05-01","temporalEnd":"2007-09-30","costCenters":[{"id":513,"text":"Ohio Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125691,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2009_5222.jpg"},{"id":13130,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2009/5222/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -82,41.416666666666664 ], [ -82,41.666666666666664 ], [ -81.5,41.666666666666664 ], [ -81.5,41.416666666666664 ], [ -82,41.416666666666664 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b23e4b07f02db6ae00d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brady, Amie M. G.","contributorId":29774,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brady","given":"Amie M. G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303710,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bushon, Rebecca N. rnbushon@usgs.gov","contributorId":2304,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bushon","given":"Rebecca","email":"rnbushon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":513,"text":"Ohio Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303709,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bertke, Erin E. eebertke@usgs.gov","contributorId":1934,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bertke","given":"Erin","email":"eebertke@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":303708,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ]}