Mortalities of young-of-the-year (YOY) smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieu) recently have occurred in the Susquehanna River due to Flavobacterium columnare, a bacterium that typically infects stressed fish. Stress factors include but are not limited to elevated water temperature and low dissolved oxygen during times critical for survival and development of smallmouth bass (May 1 through July 31). The infections were first discovered in the Susquehanna River and major tributaries in the summer months of 2005 but also were prevalent in 2007.
The U.S. Geological Survey, Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission, Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection, and PPL Corporation worked together to monitor dissolved oxygen, water temperature, pH, and specific conductance on a continuous basis at seven locations from May through mid October 2008. In addition, nutrient concentrations, which may affect dissolved-oxygen concentrations, were measured once in water and streambed sediment at 25 locations.
Data from water-quality meters (sondes) deployed as pairs showed daily minimum dissolved-oxygen concentration at YOY smallmouth-bass microhabitats in the Susquehanna River at Clemson Island and the Juniata River at Howe Township Park were significantly lower (p-value < 0.0001) than nearby main-channel habitats. The average daily minimum dissolved-oxygen concentration during the critical period (May 1–July 31) was 1.1 mg/L lower in the Susquehanna River microhabitat and 0.3 mg/L lower in the Juniata River. Daily minimum dissolved-oxygen concentrations were lower than the applicable national criterion (5.0 mg/L) in microhabitat in the Susquehanna River at Clemson Island on 31 days (of 92 days in the critical period) compared to no days in the corresponding main-channel habitat. In the Juniata River, daily minimum dissolved-oxygen concentration in the microhabitat was lower than 5.0 mg/L on 20 days compared to only 5 days in the main-channel habitat. The maximum time periods that dissolved oxygen was less than 5.0 mg/L in microhabitats of the Susquehanna and Juniata Rivers were 8.5 and 5.5 hours, respectively. Dissolved-oxygen concentrations lower than the national criterion generally occurred during nighttime and early-morning hours between midnight and 0800. The lowest instantaneous dissolved-oxygen concentrations measured in microhabitats during the critical period were 3.3 mg/L for the Susquehanna River at Clemson Island (June 11, 2008) and 4.1 mg/L for the Juniata River at Howe Township Park (July 22, 2008).
Comparison of 2008 data to available continuous-monitoring data from 1974 to 1979 in the Susquehanna River at Harrisburg, Pa., indicates the critical period of 2008 had an average daily mean dissolved-oxygen concentration that was 1.1 mg/L lower (p-value < 0.0001) than in the 1970s and an average daily mean water temperature that was 0.8 °C warmer (p-value = 0.0056). Streamflow was not significantly different (p-value = 0.0952) between the two time periods indicating that it is not a likely explanation for the differences in water quality.
During the critical period in 2008, dissolved-oxygen concentrations were lower in the Susquehanna River at Harrisburg, Pa., than in the Delaware River at Trenton, N.J., or Allegheny River at Acmetonia near Pittsburgh, Pa. Daily minimum dissolved-oxygen concentrations were below the national criterion of 5.0 mg/L on 6 days during the critical period in the Susquehanna River at Harrisburg compared to no days in the Delaware River at Trenton and the Allegheny River at Acmetonia. Average daily mean water temperature in the Susquehanna River at Harrisburg was 1.8 °C warmer than in the Delaware River at Trenton and 3.4 °C warmer than in the Allegheny River at Acmetonia. These results indicate that any stress induced by dissolved oxygen or other environmental conditions is likely to be magnified by elevated temperature in the Susquehanna River at Harrisburg compared to the Delaware River at Trenton or the Allegheny River at Acmetonia.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20091216","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission, Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection, and PPL Corporation","usgsCitation":"Chaplin, J.J., Crawford, J.K., and Brightbill, R.A., 2009, Water-quality monitoring in response to young-of-the-year smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieu) mortality in the Susquehanna River and major tributaries, Pennsylvania: 2008: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1216, vi, 59 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20091216.","productDescription":"vi, 59 p.","temporalStart":"2008-01-01","temporalEnd":"2008-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125504,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2009_1216.jpg"},{"id":402292,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_87531.htm"},{"id":13129,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2009/1216/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Pennsylvania","otherGeospatial":"Susquehanna River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -77.156982421875,\n 40.18726672309203\n ],\n [\n -76.6461181640625,\n 40.18726672309203\n ],\n [\n -76.6461181640625,\n 41.03378713521864\n ],\n [\n -77.156982421875,\n 41.03378713521864\n ],\n [\n -77.156982421875,\n 40.18726672309203\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f1e4b07f02db5ee5bb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chaplin, Jeffrey J. 0000-0002-0617-5050 jchaplin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0617-5050","contributorId":147,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chaplin","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jchaplin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303705,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Crawford, J. Kent","contributorId":54176,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crawford","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Kent","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303707,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brightbill, Robin A. 0000-0003-4683-9656 rabright@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4683-9656","contributorId":618,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brightbill","given":"Robin","email":"rabright@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303706,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70237810,"text":"70237810 - 2009 - Saddle Mountain fault deformation zone, Olympic Peninsula, Washington: Western boundary of the Seattle uplift","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-25T12:03:30.46277","indexId":"70237810","displayToPublicDate":"2009-10-25T06:59:57","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1820,"text":"Geosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Saddle Mountain fault deformation zone, Olympic Peninsula, Washington: Western boundary of the Seattle uplift","docAbstract":"The Saddle Mountain fault, first recognized in the early 1970s, is now well mapped in the Hoodsport area, southeastern Olympic Peninsula (northwestern United States), on the basis of light detection and ranging (LIDAR) surveys, aerial photography, and trench excavations. Drowned trees and trench excavations demonstrate that the Saddle Mountain fault produced a MW 6.5–7.0 earthquake 1000–1300 yr ago, likely contemporaneous with the MW 7.5 Seattle fault earthquake 1100 yr ago and with a variety of other fault and landslide activity over a wide region of the Olympic Peninsula and Puget Lowland. This near synchroneity suggests that the Saddle Mountain and Seattle fault may be kinematically linked. Aeromagnetic anomalies and LIDAR topographic scarps define an en echelon sequence of faults along the southeastern Olympic Peninsula of Washington, all active in Holocene time. A detailed analysis of aeromagnetic data suggests that the Saddle Mountain fault extends at least 35 km, from 6 km southwest of Lake Cushman northward to the latitude of the Seattle fault. A magnetic survey over Price Lake using a nonmagnetic canoe illuminated two east-dipping reverse faults with 20 m of vertical offset at 30 m depth associated with 2–4 m of vertical displacement at the topographic surface. Analysis of regional aeromagnetic data indicates that the Seattle fault may extend westward across Hood Canal and into the Olympic Mountains, where it terminates near the northward terminus of the Saddle Mountain fault. The en echelon alignment of the Saddle Mountain and nearby Frigid Creek and Canyon River faults, all active in late Holocene time, reflects a >45-km-long zone of deformation that may accommodate the northward shortening of Puget Lowland crust inboard of the Olympic massif. In this view, the Seattle fault and Saddle Mountain deformation zone form the boundaries of the northward-advancing Seattle uplift.
This report was prepared by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in cooperation with the Pennsylvania Department of Agriculture (PDA) as part of the Pennsylvania Pesticides and Ground Water Strategy (PPGWS). Monitoring data and extensive quality-assurance data on the occurrence of pesticides in ground water during 2003–07 are presented and evaluated; decreases in the land area used for agriculture and corresponding changes in the use of pesticides also are documented. In the Pennsylvania ground waters assessed since 2003, concentrations of pesticides did not exceed any maximum contaminant or health advisory levels established by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; PPGWS actions are invoked by the PDA at fractions of these levels and were needed only in areas designated by the PDA for special ground-water protection.
\nPrevious investigations through 1998 of pesticides in Pennsylvania ground water identified land use, as a surrogate for pesticide use, and rock type of the aquifer combined with physiography as key hydrogeologic setting variables for understanding aquifer vulnerability to contamination and the common occurrence of atrazine and metolachlor in ground water. Of 20 major hydrogeologic settings in a framework established in 1999 for pesticide monitoring in Pennsylvania, 9 were identified as priorities for data collection in order to change the monitoring status from \"inadequate\" to \"adequate\" for the PPGWS.
\nAgricultural and forested land-use areas are decreasing because of urban and suburban growth. In the nine hydrogeologic settings evaluated using 1992 and 2001 data, decreases of up to 12 percent for agricultural land and 10 percent for forested land corresponded to increases of up to 11 percent for urban land. Changes in agricultural pesticide use were computed from crop data. For example, from 1996 to 2004–05, atrazine use declined by about 15 percent to 1,314,000 lb/yr (pounds per year) and metolachlor use increased by about 20 percent to 895,000 lb/yr; these compounds are the two most-used agricultural pesticides statewide.
\nIn 2003–07, a baseline assessment of pesticides was conducted in five of nine hydrogeologic settings with inadequate monitoring data—the Blue Ridge crystalline and Triassic Lowland siliciclastic, Eastern Lake surficial, Devonian-Silurian carbonate, Great Valley siliciclastic, and Northeastern Glaciated surficial settings. Between 20 and 30 wells in each setting were monitored. Of the 126 wells sampled, 96 well-water samples were analyzed for at least 52 pesticide compounds at the USGS National Water Quality Laboratory (NWQL) using a method with a minimum reporting level (MRL) at or above 0.002 µg/L (micrograms per liter). Of the 96 well waters analyzed by NWQL, 43 had measureable concentrations of one or more pesticides. Atrazine and (or) deethylatrazine (CIAT), a degradation product of atrazine, were reported at or above the MRL in 39 of the 43 well waters. Neither atrazine nor CIAT were reported at concentrations exceeding 0.10 µg/L; all measured concentrations in these five settings were below PPGWS action levels. Metolachlor was present in 7 of the 43 well waters with measureable concentrations of 1 or more pesticides; however, concentrations were below the MRL. The other 30 samples (10 of 20 wells in the Blue Ridge crystalline and Triassic Lowland siliciclastic setting and all 20 wells in the Eastern Lake surficial setting) were analyzed for at least 19 pesticide compounds at the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection Laboratory (PADEPL); the PADEPL reported no concentrations of pesticides at or above an MRL of 0.10 µg/L.
\nStatistical tests using the NWQL analytical results showed correlations between pesticide occurrence and two indicators of water-quality degradation—the occurrence of total coliform bacteria and nitrate concentration. A 2 × 2 contingency-table test indicated a relation between presence or absence of atrazine or metolachlor and presence or absence of bacteria only for the 10 wells representing the Blue Ridge crystalline and Triassic Lowland siliciclastic setting. Results of Spearman’s rank test showed strong positive correlations in the Devonian-Silurian carbonate setting between 1) the number of pesticides above the MRLs and nitrate concentration, and 2) concentrations of atrazine and nitrate. Atrazine concentration and nitrate concentration also showed a statistically significant positive correlation in the Great Valley siliciclastic setting.
\nAn additional component of baseline monitoring was to evaluate changes in pesticide concentration in water from wells representing hydrogeologic settings most vulnerable to contamination from pesticides. In 2003, 16 wells originally sampled in the 1990s were resampled—4 each in the Appalachian Mountain carbonate, Triassic Lowland siliciclastic, Great Valley carbonate, and Piedmont carbonate settings. Nine of these wells, where pesticide concentrations from 1993 and 2003 were analyzed at the NWQL, were chosen for a paired-sample analysis using concentrations of atrazine and metolachlor. A statistically significant decrease in atrazine concentration was identified using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test (p = 0.004); significant temporal changes in metolachlor concentrations were not observed (p = 0.625).
\nMonitoring in three areas of special ground-water protection, where selected pesticide concentrations in well water were at or above the PPGWS action levels, was done at wells BE 1370 (Berks County, Oley Township), BA 437 (Blair County, North Woodbury Township), and LN 1842 (Lancaster County, Earl Township). Co-occurrence of pesticide-degradation products with parent compounds was documented for the first time in ground-water samples collected from these three wells. Degradation products of atrazine, cyanazine, acetochlor, alachlor, and metolachlor were commonly at larger concentrations than the parent compound in the same water sample. Pesticide occurrence in water from wells neighboring the hot-spot wells was highly variable; however, the same sets of pesticide compounds that were present in wells BA 437, BE 1370, and LN 1842 were present to some degree in water from neighboring wells. To evaluate temporal changes in concentration, nonparametric statistical tests were used to determine overall and seasonal monotonic trends. Concentrations of alachlor, atrazine, metolachlor, and nitrate were examined using the 5-year (2003–07) and the long-term data from wells BA 437 and LN 1842 (1996–2007 and 1995–2007, respectively), and the long-term data for well BE 1370 (1998–2007); results showed either downward trends or no trends. Trends in acetochlor concentrations were tested only at well LN 1842 using the 5-year data; no trends were observed. Homogeneity of trend tests indicated statistically significant downward concentration trends in the long-term data were due to seasonal trends as follows: BA 437—alachlor and atrazine (summer); BE 1370—atrazine and metolachlor (winter) and alachlor (winter and spring); LN 1842—alachlor (summer and fall) and atrazine (spring and fall).
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20095139","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Pennsylvania Department of Agriculture","usgsCitation":"Loper, C.A., Breen, K.J., Zimmerman, T.M., and Clune, J., 2009, Pesticides in ground water in selected agricultural land-use areas and hydrogeologic settings in Pennsylvania, 2003-07: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2009-5139, Report: x, 123 p.; Downloads Directory, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20095139.","productDescription":"Report: x, 123 p.; Downloads Directory","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2003-01-01","temporalEnd":"2007-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125608,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2009_5139.jpg"},{"id":287581,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2009/5139/sir2009-5139.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":13115,"rank":4,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2009/5139/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":287582,"rank":2,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2009/5139/Appendix3.zip","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Pennsylvania","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -81,38.75 ], [ -81,42.5 ], [ -74,42.5 ], [ -74,38.75 ], [ -81,38.75 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae0e4b07f02db688277","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Loper, Connie A.","contributorId":62243,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loper","given":"Connie","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303659,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Breen, Kevin J. 0000-0002-9447-6469 kjbreen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9447-6469","contributorId":219,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Breen","given":"Kevin","email":"kjbreen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":501,"text":"Office of Science Quality and Integrity","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303656,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zimmerman, Tammy M. 0000-0003-0842-6981 tmzimmer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0842-6981","contributorId":138830,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zimmerman","given":"Tammy","email":"tmzimmer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":303657,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Clune, John W. 0000-0002-3563-1975","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3563-1975","contributorId":56753,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clune","given":"John W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303658,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":97944,"text":"sir20095136 - 2009 - Regional regression equations for estimation of natural streamflow statistics in Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-10-28T07:55:02","indexId":"sir20095136","displayToPublicDate":"2009-10-24T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-5136","title":"Regional regression equations for estimation of natural streamflow statistics in Colorado","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the Colorado Water Conservation Board and the Colorado Department of Transportation, developed regional regression equations for estimation of various streamflow statistics that are representative of natural streamflow conditions at ungaged sites in Colorado. The equations define the statistical relations between streamflow statistics (response variables) and basin and climatic characteristics (predictor variables). The equations were developed using generalized least-squares and weighted least-squares multilinear regression reliant on logarithmic variable transformation. Streamflow statistics were derived from at least 10 years of streamflow data through about 2007 from selected USGS streamflow-gaging stations in the study area that are representative of natural-flow conditions. Basin and climatic characteristics used for equation development are drainage area, mean watershed elevation, mean watershed slope, percentage of drainage area above 7,500 feet of elevation, mean annual precipitation, and 6-hour, 100-year precipitation. For each of five hydrologic regions in Colorado, peak-streamflow equations that are based on peak-streamflow data from selected stations are presented for the 2-, 5-, 10-, 25-, 50-, 100-, 200-, and 500-year instantaneous-peak streamflows. For four of the five hydrologic regions, equations based on daily-mean streamflow data from selected stations are presented for 7-day minimum 2-, 10-, and 50-year streamflows and for 7-day maximum 2-, 10-, and 50-year streamflows. Other equations presented for the same four hydrologic regions include those for estimation of annual- and monthly-mean streamflow and streamflow-duration statistics for exceedances of 10, 25, 50, 75, and 90 percent. All equations are reported along with salient diagnostic statistics, ranges of basin and climatic characteristics on which each equation is based, and commentary of potential bias, which is not otherwise removed by log-transformation of the variables of the equations from interpretation of residual plots. The predictor-variable ranges can be used to assess equation applicability for ungaged sites in Colorado.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20095136","isbn":"9781411325623","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Colorado Water Conservation Board and the Colorado Department of Transportation","usgsCitation":"Capesius, J.P., and Stephens, V.C., 2009, Regional regression equations for estimation of natural streamflow statistics in Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2009-5136, iv, 46 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20095136.","productDescription":"iv, 46 p.","numberOfPages":"53","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science 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\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4804e4b07f02db4cf03c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Capesius, Joseph P. capesius@usgs.gov","contributorId":698,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Capesius","given":"Joseph","email":"capesius@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":303660,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stephens, Verlin C.","contributorId":34479,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stephens","given":"Verlin","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303661,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":97946,"text":"sir20095182 - 2009 - Summary of surface-water quality data from the Illinois River Basin in Northeast Oklahoma, 1970-2007","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-02-26T17:07:31","indexId":"sir20095182","displayToPublicDate":"2009-10-24T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-5182","displayTitle":"Summary of Surface-Water Quality Data from the Illinois River Basin in Northeast Oklahoma, 1970-2007","title":"Summary of surface-water quality data from the Illinois River Basin in Northeast Oklahoma, 1970-2007","docAbstract":"The quality of streams in the Illinois River Basin of northeastern Oklahoma is potentially threatened by increased quantities of wastes discharged from increasing human populations, grazing of about 160,000 cattle, and confined animal feeding operations raising about 20 million chickens. Increasing numbers of humans and livestock in the basin contribute nutrients and bacteria to surface water and groundwater, causing greater than the typical concentrations of those constituents for this region. Consequences of increasing contributions of these substances can include increased algal growth (eutrophication) in streams and lakes; impairment of habitat for native aquatic animals, including desirable game fish species; impairment of drinking-water quality by sediments, turbidity, taste-and-odor causing chemicals, toxic algal compounds, and bacteria; and reduction in the aesthetic quality of the streams.\r\n\r\nThe U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Oklahoma Scenic Rivers Commission, prepared this report to summarize the surface-water-quality data collected by the U.S. Geological Survey at five long-term surface-water-quality monitoring sites. The data summarized include major ions, nutrients, sediment, and fecal-indicator bacteria from the Illinois River Basin in Oklahoma for 1970 through 2007.\r\n\r\n\r\nGeneral water chemistry, concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus compounds, chlorophyll-a (an indicator of algal biomass), fecal-indicator bacteria counts, and sediment concentrations were similar among the five long-term monitoring sites in the Illinois River Basin in northeast Oklahoma. Most water samples were phosphorus-limited, meaning that they contained a smaller proportion of phosphorus, relative to nitrogen, than typically occurs in algal tissues. Greater degrees of nitrogen limitation occurred at three of the five sites which were sampled back to the 1970s, probably due to use of detergents containing greater concentrations of phosphorus than in subsequent periods. Concentrations of nitrogen, phosphorus, and sediment, and counts of bacteria generally increased with streamflow at the five sites, probably due to runoff from the land surface and re-suspension of streambed sediments. Phosphorus concentrations typically exceeded the Oklahoma standard of 0.037 milligrams per liter for Scenic Rivers. Concentrations of chlorophyll-a in phytoplankton in water samples collected at the five sites were not well correlated with streamflow, nor to concentrations of the nutrients nitrogen and phosphorus, probably because much of the algae growing in these streams are periphyton attached to streambed cobbles and other debris, rather than phytoplankton in the water column. Sediment concentrations correlated with phosphorus concentrations in water samples collected at the sites, probably due to sorption of phosphorus to soil particles and streambed sediments and runoff of soils and animal wastes at the land surface and resuspension of streambed sediments and phosphorus during wet, high-flow periods. Fecal coliform bacteria counts at the five sites sometimes exceeded the Oklahoma Primary Body Contact Standard of 400 colonies per 100 milliliters when streamflows were greater than 1000 cubic feet per second.\r\n\r\nUltimately, Lake Tenkiller, an important ecological and economic resource for the region, receives the compounds that runoff the land surface or seep to local streams from groundwater in the basin. Because of eutrophication from increased nutrient loading, Lake Tenkiller is listed for impairment by diminished dissolved oxygen concentrations, phosphorus, and chlorophyll-a by the State of Oklahoma in evaluation of surface-water quality required by section 303d of the Clean Water Act.\r\n\r\nStored phosphorus in soils and streambed and lakebed sediments may continue to provide phosphorus to local streams and lakes for decades to come. Steps are being made to reduce local sources of phosphorus, including upgrades in capacity and effective","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20095182","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Oklahoma Scenic Rivers Commission","usgsCitation":"Andrews, W.J., Becker, M.F., Smith, S.J., and Tortorelli, R.L., 2009, Summary of surface-water quality data from the Illinois River Basin in Northeast Oklahoma, 1970-2007: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2009-5182, v, 39 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20095182.","productDescription":"v, 39 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"1970-01-01","temporalEnd":"2007-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":516,"text":"Oklahoma Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125676,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2009_5182.jpg"},{"id":13120,"rank":100,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2009/5182/pdf/sir2009-5182.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arkansas, Oklahoma","otherGeospatial":"Illinois River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -95.5,35.25 ], [ -95.5,36.75 ], [ -92.5,36.75 ], [ -92.5,35.25 ], [ -95.5,35.25 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b04e4b07f02db69949b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Andrews, William J. 0000-0003-4780-8835 wandrews@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4780-8835","contributorId":328,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andrews","given":"William","email":"wandrews@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":516,"text":"Oklahoma Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303670,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Becker, Mark F.","contributorId":40180,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Becker","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303672,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smith, S. Jerrod 0000-0002-9379-8167 sjsmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9379-8167","contributorId":981,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"S.","email":"sjsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Jerrod","affiliations":[{"id":516,"text":"Oklahoma Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303671,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Tortorelli, Robert L.","contributorId":65071,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tortorelli","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303673,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":97948,"text":"ds470 - 2009 - Terrestrial lidar datasets of New Orleans, Louisiana, levee failures from Hurricane Katrina, August 29, 2005","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-20T20:13:42.078059","indexId":"ds470","displayToPublicDate":"2009-10-24T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"470","title":"Terrestrial lidar datasets of New Orleans, Louisiana, levee failures from Hurricane Katrina, August 29, 2005","docAbstract":"Hurricane Katrina made landfall with the northern Gulf Coast on August 29, 2005, as one of the strongest hurricanes on record. The storm damage incurred in Louisiana included a number of levee failures that led to the inundation of approximately 85 percent of the metropolitan New Orleans area. Whereas extreme levels of storm damage were expected from such an event, the catastrophic failure of the New Orleans levees prompted a quick mobilization of engineering experts to assess why and how particular levees failed. As part of this mobilization, civil engineering members of the United States Geological Survey (USGS) performed terrestrial lidar topographic surveys at major levee failures in the New Orleans area. The focus of the terrestrial lidar effort was to obtain precise measurements of the ground surface to map soil displacements at each levee site, the nonuniformity of levee height freeboard, depth of erosion where scour occurred, and distress in structures at incipient failure. In total, we investigated eight sites in the New Orleans region, including both earth and concrete floodwall levee breaks. The datasets extend from the 17th Street Canal in the Orleans East Bank area to the intersection of the Gulf Intracoastal Waterway (GIWW) with the Mississippi River Gulf Outlet (MRGO) in the New Orleans East area. The lidar scan data consists of electronic files containing millions of surveyed points. These points characterize the topography of each levee’s postfailure or incipient condition and are available for download through online hyperlinks. The data serve as a permanent archive of the catastrophic damage of Hurricane Katrina on the levee systems of New Orleans. Complete details of the data collection, processing, and georeferencing methodologies are provided in this report to assist in the visualization and analysis of the data by future users.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ds470","usgsCitation":"Collins, B., Kayen, R., Minasian, D.L., and Reiss, T., 2009, Terrestrial lidar datasets of New Orleans, Louisiana, levee failures from Hurricane Katrina, August 29, 2005: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 470, Report: iv, 24 p.; Metadata: Data Folder; DVD-ROM, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds470.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 24 p.; Metadata: Data Folder; DVD-ROM","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2005-08-29","temporalEnd":"2005-08-29","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":645,"text":"Western Coastal and Marine Geology","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":118592,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds_470.jpg"},{"id":404160,"rank":2,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_87525.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":13122,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/470/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","city":"New Orleans","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -90.125,\n 29.9561\n ],\n [\n -89.92,\n 29.9561\n ],\n [\n -89.92,\n 30.0528\n ],\n [\n -90.125,\n 30.0528\n ],\n [\n -90.125,\n 29.9561\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad9e4b07f02db6850ab","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Collins, Brian D.","contributorId":71641,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collins","given":"Brian D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303679,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kayen, Robert","contributorId":12030,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kayen","given":"Robert","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303678,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Minasian, Diane L. dminasian@usgs.gov","contributorId":3232,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Minasian","given":"Diane","email":"dminasian@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":303677,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Reiss, Thomas","contributorId":97588,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reiss","given":"Thomas","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303680,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":97950,"text":"sim3095 - 2009 - Geologic map of the Weaverville 15' quadrangle, Trinity County, California","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":59803,"text":"mf275 - 1963 - Preliminary Geologic Map of the Weaverville Quadrangle, California","indexId":"mf275","publicationYear":"1963","noYear":false,"title":"Preliminary Geologic Map of the Weaverville Quadrangle, California"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":97950,"text":"sim3095 - 2009 - Geologic map of the Weaverville 15' quadrangle, Trinity County, California","indexId":"sim3095","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"title":"Geologic map of the Weaverville 15' quadrangle, Trinity County, California"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-04-14T20:36:03.869291","indexId":"sim3095","displayToPublicDate":"2009-10-24T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"3095","title":"Geologic map of the Weaverville 15' quadrangle, Trinity County, California","docAbstract":"The Weaverville 15' quadrangle spans parts of five generally north-northwest-trending accreted terranes. From east to west, these are the Eastern Klamath, Central Metamorphic, North Fork, Eastern Hayfork, and Western Hayfork terranes. The Eastern Klamath terrane was thrust westward over the Central Metamorphic terrane during early Paleozoic (Devonian?) time and, in Early Cretaceous time (approx. 136 Ma), was intruded along its length by the massive Shasta Bally batholith. Remnants of overlap assemblages of the Early Cretaceous (Hauterivian) Great Valley sequence and the Tertiary Weaverville Formation cover nearly 10 percent of the quadrangle. \r\n\r\nThe base of the Eastern Klamath terrane in the Weaverville quadrangle is a peridotite-gabbro complex that probably is correlative to the Trinity ophiolite (Ordovician), which is widely exposed farther north beyond the quadrangle. In the northeast part of the Weaverville quadrangle, the peridotite-gabbro complex is overlain by the Devonian Copley Greenstone and the Mississippian Bragdon Formation. Where these formations were intruded by the Shasta Bally batholith, they formed an aureole of gneissic and other metamorphic rocks around the batholith. Westward thrusting of the Eastern Klamath terrane over an adjacent body of mafic volcanic and overlying quartzose sedimentary rocks during Devonian time formed the Salmon Hornblende Schist and the Abrams Mica Schist of the Central Metamorphic terrane. Substantial beds of limestone in the quartzose sedimentary unit, generally found near the underlying volcanic rock, are too metamorphosed for fossils to have survived. Rb-Sr analysis of the Abrams Mica Schist indicates a metamorphic age of approx. 380 Ma. West of Weavervillle, the Oregon Mountain outlier of the Eastern Klamath terrane consists mainly of Bragdon Formation(?) and is largely separated from the underlying Central Metamorphic terrane by serpentinized peridotite that may be a remnant of the Trinity ophiolite. \r\n\r\nThe North Fork terrane is faulted against the west edge of the Central Metamorphic terrane, and its northerly trend is disrupted by major left-lateral offsets along generally west-northwest-trending faults. The serpentinized peridotite-gabbro complex that forms the western base of the terrane is the Permian North Fork ophiolite, which to the east is overlain by broken formation of mafic-volcanic rocks, red chert, siliceous tuff, argillite, minor limestone, and clastic sedimentary rocks. The chert and siliceous tuff contain radiolarians of Permian and Mesozoic ages, and some are as young as Early Jurassic (Pliensbachian). Similar Pliensbachian radiolarians are found in Franciscan rocks of the Coast Ranges. \r\n\r\nThe Eastern Hayfork terrane is broken formation and melange of mainly chert, sandstone, argillite, and various exotic blocks. The cherts yield radiolarians of Permian and Triassic ages but none of clearly Jurassic age. Limestone bodies of the Eastern Hayfork terrane contain Permian microfaunas of Tethyan affinity. \r\n\r\nThe Western Hayfork terrane, exposed only in a small area in the southwestern part of the quadrangle, consists dominantly of mafic tuff and dark slaty argillite. Sparse paleontologic data indicate a Mesozoic age for the strata. The terrane includes small bodies of diorite that are related to the nearby Wildwood pluton of Middle Jurassic age and probably are related genetically to the stratified rocks. The terrane is interpreted to be the accreted remnants of a Middle Jurassic volcanic arc. \r\n\r\nShortly after intrusion by Shasta Bally batholith (approx. 136 Ma), much of the southern half of the Weaverville quadrangle was overlapped by Lower Cretaceous, dominantly Hauterivian, marine strata of the Great Valley sequence, and to a lesser extent later during Oligocene and (or) Miocene time by fluvial and lacustrine deposits of the Weaverville Formation. \r\n\r\nThis map of the Weaverville Quadrangle is a digital rendition of U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sim3095","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the California Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Irwin, W., 2009, Geologic map of the Weaverville 15' quadrangle, Trinity County, California (Version 1.0, Supersedes MF-275): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3095, 1 Plate: 41 x 30 inches; ReadMe; Metadata; GIS Data Files, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3095.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 41 x 30 inches; ReadMe; Metadata; GIS Data Files","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":236,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Team","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125578,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sim_3095.jpg"},{"id":398777,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_87555.htm"},{"id":13142,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3095/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"50000","projection":"Albers Conic Equal-Area","country":"United States","state":"California","county":"Trinity County","otherGeospatial":"Weaverville 15' quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123,\n 40.5\n ],\n [\n -122.75,\n 40.5\n ],\n [\n -122.75,\n 40.75\n ],\n [\n -123,\n 40.75\n ],\n [\n -123,\n 40.5\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0, Supersedes MF-275","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad4e4b07f02db68328b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Irwin, William P.","contributorId":12889,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Irwin","given":"William P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303695,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":97940,"text":"ds456 - 2009 - Design and Installation of a Groundwater Monitoring-Well Network in the High Plains Aquifer, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:51","indexId":"ds456","displayToPublicDate":"2009-10-22T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"456","title":"Design and Installation of a Groundwater Monitoring-Well Network in the High Plains Aquifer, Colorado","docAbstract":"The High Plains aquifer is an important water source for irrigated agriculture and domestic supplies in northeastern Colorado. To address the needs of Colorado's Groundwater Protection Program, the U.S. Geological Survey designed and installed a groundwater monitoring-well network in cooperation with the Colorado Department of Agriculture in 2008 to characterize water quality in the High Plains aquifer underlying areas of irrigated agriculture in eastern Colorado. A 30-well network was designed to provide for statistical representation of water-quality conditions by using a computerized technique to generate randomly distributed potential groundwater sampling sites based on aquifer extent, extent of irrigated agricultural land, depth to water from land surface, and saturated thickness. Twenty of the 30 sites were selected for well installation, and wells were drilled and installed during the period June-September 2008. Lithologic logs and well-construction reports were prepared for each well, and wells were developed after drilling to remove mud and foreign material to provide for good hydraulic connection between the well and aquifer. Documentation of the well-network design, site selection, lithologic logs, well-construction diagrams, and well-development records is presented in this report.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ds456","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Colorado Department of Agriculture","usgsCitation":"Arnold, L.R., Flynn, J., and Paschke, S., 2009, Design and Installation of a Groundwater Monitoring-Well Network in the High Plains Aquifer, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 456, iv, 47 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ds456.","productDescription":"iv, 47 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2008-06-01","temporalEnd":"2008-09-30","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":118587,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds_456.jpg"},{"id":13112,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/456/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -109,37 ], [ -109,41 ], [ -102,41 ], [ -102,37 ], [ -109,37 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa9e4b07f02db667f52","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Arnold, L. R.","contributorId":92738,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arnold","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303643,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Flynn, J.L.","contributorId":39889,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flynn","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303641,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Paschke, S.S.","contributorId":76423,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paschke","given":"S.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303642,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":97939,"text":"ofr20091178 - 2009 - Water-quality, bed-sediment, and biological data (October 2007 through September 2008) and statistical summaries of long-term data for streams in the Clark Fork Basin, Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-04-07T15:07:42.017761","indexId":"ofr20091178","displayToPublicDate":"2009-10-22T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-1178","title":"Water-quality, bed-sediment, and biological data (October 2007 through September 2008) and statistical summaries of long-term data for streams in the Clark Fork Basin, Montana","docAbstract":"Water, bed sediment, and biota were sampled in streams from Butte to near Missoula as part of a long-term monitoring program in the upper Clark Fork basin; additional water samples were collected in the Clark Fork basin from sites near Missoula downstream to near the confluence of the Clark Fork and Flathead River as part of a supplemental sampling program. The sampling programs were conducted in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency to characterize aquatic resources in the Clark Fork basin of western Montana, with emphasis on trace elements associated with historic mining and smelting activities. Sampling sites were located on the Clark Fork and selected tributaries. Water samples were collected periodically at 23 sites from October 2007 through September 2008. Bed-sediment and biota samples were collected once at 13 sites during August 2008.\r\n\r\nThis report presents the analytical results and quality assurance data for water-quality, bed-sediment, and biota samples collected at all long-term and supplemental monitoring sites from October 2007 through September 2008. Water-quality data include concentrations of selected major ions, trace elements, and suspended sediment. Turbidity was analyzed for water samples collected at sites where seasonal daily values of turbidity were being determined and at Clark Fork above Missoula. Nutrients also were analyzed at all the supplemental water-quality sites, except for Clark Fork Bypass, near Bonner. Daily values of suspended-sediment concentration and suspended-sediment discharge were determined for four sites, and seasonal daily values of turbidity were determined for four sites. Bed-sediment data include trace-element concentrations in the fine-grained fraction. Biological data include trace-element concentrations in whole-body tissue of aquatic benthic insects. Statistical summaries of long-term water-quality, bed-sediment, and biological data for sites in the upper Clark Fork basin are provided for the period of record since 1985.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20091178","isbn":"9781411325494","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","usgsCitation":"Dodge, K.A., Hornberger, M.I., and Dyke, J., 2009, Water-quality, bed-sediment, and biological data (October 2007 through September 2008) and statistical summaries of long-term data for streams in the Clark Fork Basin, Montana: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1178, vi, 140 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20091178.","productDescription":"vi, 140 p.","temporalStart":"2007-10-01","temporalEnd":"2008-09-30","costCenters":[{"id":400,"text":"Montana Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125485,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2009_1178.jpg"},{"id":13111,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2009/1178/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -115.5,45.5 ], [ -115.5,48 ], [ -112.25,48 ], [ -112.25,45.5 ], [ -115.5,45.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48cfe4b07f02db545b68","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dodge, Kent A. kdodge@usgs.gov","contributorId":1036,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dodge","given":"Kent","email":"kdodge@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":5050,"text":"WY-MT Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303639,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hornberger, Michelle I. 0000-0002-7787-3446 mhornber@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7787-3446","contributorId":1037,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hornberger","given":"Michelle","email":"mhornber@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303640,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dyke, Jessica jldyke@usgs.gov","contributorId":1035,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dyke","given":"Jessica","email":"jldyke@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":303638,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":97936,"text":"fs20093095 - 2009 - Land Treatment Digital Library","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-09-19T08:31:43","indexId":"fs20093095","displayToPublicDate":"2009-10-22T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-3095","title":"Land Treatment Digital Library","docAbstract":"A dynamic system to enter, store, retrieve, and analyze Federal land-treatment data. More information and access to data available at: http://greatbasin.wr.usgs.gov/ltdl
\nAcross the country, public land managers make hundreds of decisions each year that influence landscapes and ecosystems within the lands they manage. Many of these decisions involve vegetation manipulations known as land treatments. Land treatments include activities such as removal or alteration of plant biomass, seeding burned areas, and herbicide applications. Data on these land treatments are usually stored at local offices, and gathering information across large spatial areas can be difficult. There is a need to centralize and store treatment data for Federal agencies involved in land treatments because these data are useful to land managers for policy and management and to scientists for developing sampling designs and studies. The Land Treatment Digital Library (LTDL) was created by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) to catalog information about land treatments on Federal lands in the western United States for all interested parties. The flexible framework of the library allows for the storage of a wide variety of data in different formats. The LTDL currently stores previously established land treatments or what often are called legacy data. The project was developed and has been refined based on feedback from partner agencies and stakeholders, with opportunity for the library holdings to expand as new information becomes available. The library contains data in text, tabular, spatial, and image formats. Specific examples include project plans and implementation reports, monitoring data, spatial data files from geographic information systems, digitized paper maps, and digital images of land treatments. The data are entered by USGS employees and are accessible through a searchable web site. The LTDL can be used to respond to information requests, conduct analyses and other forms of information syntheses, produce maps, and generate reports for DOI managers and scientists and other authorized users.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20093095","usgsCitation":"Pilliod, D., 2009, Land Treatment Digital Library (Version 1.0: October 20, 2009; Version 1.1: August 25, 2015): U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2009-3095, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20093095.","productDescription":"2 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":13108,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2009/3095/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":125425,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2009_3095.jpg"},{"id":307401,"rank":101,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2009/3095/pdf/fs20093095.pdf","text":"Report","size":"533 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"edition":"Version 1.0: October 20, 2009; Version 1.1: August 25, 2015","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b27e4b07f02db6b0eca","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pilliod, David S. 0000-0003-4207-3518 dpilliod@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4207-3518","contributorId":161,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pilliod","given":"David S.","email":"dpilliod@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":303633,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":97942,"text":"ofr20091108 - 2009 - Preliminary geologic map of the Cook Inlet region, Alaska-Including parts of the Talkeetna, Talkeetna Mountains, Tyonek, Anchorage, Lake Clark, Kenai, Seward, Iliamna, Seldovia, Mount Katmai, and Afognak 1:250,000-scale quadrangles","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-08-21T16:51:52.227875","indexId":"ofr20091108","displayToPublicDate":"2009-10-22T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-1108","title":"Preliminary geologic map of the Cook Inlet region, Alaska-Including parts of the Talkeetna, Talkeetna Mountains, Tyonek, Anchorage, Lake Clark, Kenai, Seward, Iliamna, Seldovia, Mount Katmai, and Afognak 1:250,000-scale quadrangles","docAbstract":"The growth in the use of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) has highlighted the need for digital geologic maps that have been attributed with information about age and lithology. Such maps can be conveniently used to generate derivative maps for manifold special purposes such as mineral-resource assessment, metallogenic studies, tectonic studies, and environmental research. This report is part of a series of integrated geologic map databases that cover the entire United States.\r\n\r\nThree national-scale geologic maps that portray most or all of the United States already exist; for the conterminous U.S., King and Beikman (1974a,b) compiled a map at a scale of 1:2,500,000, Beikman (1980) compiled a map for Alaska at 1:2,500,000 scale, and for the entire U.S., Reed and others (2005a,b) compiled a map at a scale of 1:5,000,000. A digital version of the King and Beikman map was published by Schruben and others (1994). Reed and Bush (2004) produced a digital version of the Reed and others (2005a) map for the conterminous U.S. The present series of maps is intended to provide the next step in increased detail. State geologic maps that range in scale from 1:100,000 to 1:1,000,000 are available for most of the country, and digital versions of these state maps are the basis of this product.\r\n\r\nThe digital geologic maps presented here are in a standardized format as ARC/INFO export files and as ArcView shape files. The files named __geol contain geologic polygons and line (contact) attributes; files named __fold contain fold axes; files named __lin contain lineaments; and files named __dike contain dikes as lines. Data tables that relate the map units to detailed lithologic and age information accompany these GIS files. The map is delivered as a set 1:250,000-scale quadrangle files. To the best of our ability, these quadrangle files are edge-matched with respect to geology. When the maps are merged, the combined attribute tables can be used directly with the merged maps to make derivative maps.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20091108","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Alaska Department of Natural Resources, Division of Oil and Gas","usgsCitation":"2009, Preliminary geologic map of the Cook Inlet region, Alaska-Including parts of the Talkeetna, Talkeetna Mountains, Tyonek, Anchorage, Lake Clark, Kenai, Seward, Iliamna, Seldovia, Mount Katmai, and Afognak 1:250,000-scale quadrangles (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1108, HTML Document, CD-ROM, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20091108.","productDescription":"HTML Document, CD-ROM","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":494402,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_97669.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":118503,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2009_1108.jpg"},{"id":13114,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2009/1108/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"250000","projection":"Alaska Albers Equal Area","country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -155,58.5 ], [ -155,62.75 ], [ -148,62.75 ], [ -148,58.5 ], [ -155,58.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acce4b07f02db67e6de","contributors":{"compilers":[{"text":"Wilson, Frederic H. 0000-0003-1761-6437 fwilson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1761-6437","contributorId":67174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"Frederic","email":"fwilson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":697581,"contributorType":{"id":3,"text":"Compilers"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hults, Chad P. chults@usgs.gov","contributorId":1930,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hults","given":"Chad","email":"chults@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":697582,"contributorType":{"id":3,"text":"Compilers"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schmoll, Henry R. schmoll@usgs.gov","contributorId":3793,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmoll","given":"Henry","email":"schmoll@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":697583,"contributorType":{"id":3,"text":"Compilers"},"rank":3},{"text":"Haeussler, Peter J. 0000-0002-1503-6247 pheuslr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1503-6247","contributorId":503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haeussler","given":"Peter","email":"pheuslr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":697584,"contributorType":{"id":3,"text":"Compilers"},"rank":4},{"text":"Schmidt, Jeanine M. jschmidt@usgs.gov","contributorId":3138,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmidt","given":"Jeanine","email":"jschmidt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":697585,"contributorType":{"id":3,"text":"Compilers"},"rank":5},{"text":"Yehle, Lynn A. yehle@usgs.gov","contributorId":3794,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yehle","given":"Lynn","email":"yehle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":697586,"contributorType":{"id":3,"text":"Compilers"},"rank":6},{"text":"Labay, Keith A. 0000-0002-6763-3190 klabay@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6763-3190","contributorId":2097,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Labay","given":"Keith A.","email":"klabay@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":697587,"contributorType":{"id":3,"text":"Compilers"},"rank":7},{"text":"Shew, Nora B. 0000-0003-0025-7220 nshew@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0025-7220","contributorId":3382,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shew","given":"Nora","email":"nshew@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":697588,"contributorType":{"id":3,"text":"Compilers"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":97941,"text":"ds472 - 2009 - Depth to water, saturated thickness, and other geospatial datasets used in the design and installation of a groundwater monitoring-well network in the High Plains Aquifer, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-07T18:56:39.420529","indexId":"ds472","displayToPublicDate":"2009-10-22T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"472","title":"Depth to water, saturated thickness, and other geospatial datasets used in the design and installation of a groundwater monitoring-well network in the High Plains Aquifer, Colorado","docAbstract":"These datasets were compiled in support of U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 456, Design and Installation of a Groundwater Monitoring-Well Network in the High Plains Aquifer, Colorado. These datasets were developed as part of a cooperative project between the U.S. Geological Survey and the Colorado Department of Agriculture. The purpose of the project was to design a 30-well network and install 20 of the 30 wells to characterize water quality in the High Plains aquifer in areas of irrigated agriculture in Colorado. The five datasets are described as follows and are further described in Data Series 456: \n\n(1) ds472_dtw: This dataset represents the depth to groundwater in the High Plains Aquifer in Colorado in 2000. This grid was used to determine areas where the depth to water was less than 200 feet below land surface. \n\n(2) Ds472_sat: This dataset represents the saturated thickness of the High Plains aquifer within Colorado in 2000. This grid was used to determine areas where the saturated thickness was greater than 50 feet.\n\n(3) Ds472_equalareas: This dataset includes 30 equal-area polygons overlying the High Plains Aquifer in Colorado having a depth to water less than 200 feet, a saturated thickness greater than 50 feet, and underlying irrigated agricultural lands.\n\n(4) Ds472_randomsites: This dataset includes 90 randomly-generated potential groundwater sampling sites. This dataset provides a first, second, and third choice placed within the 30 equal area polygons of dataset dsXX_equalareas.\n\n(5) Ds472_welldata: This dataset includes point locations and well completion data for the 20 wells installed as part of this project. \n\nThe datasets that pertain to this report can be found on the U.S. Geological Survey's NSDI (National Spatial Data Infrastructure) Node, the links are provided on the sidebar.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ds472","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Colorado Department of Agriculture","usgsCitation":"Flynn, J.L., Arnold, L., and Paschke, S.S., 2009, Depth to water, saturated thickness, and other geospatial datasets used in the design and installation of a groundwater monitoring-well network in the High Plains Aquifer, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 472, Metadata: Datasets, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds472.","productDescription":"Metadata: Datasets","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":273187,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/GIS/metadata/usgswrd/XML/ds472_equalareas.xml"},{"id":195118,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":401876,"rank":8,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_87509.htm"},{"id":273190,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/GIS/metadata/usgswrd/XML/ds472_welldata.xml"},{"id":273189,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/GIS/metadata/usgswrd/XML/ds472_sat.xml"},{"id":273186,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/GIS/metadata/usgswrd/XML/ds472_dtw.xml"},{"id":273188,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/GIS/metadata/usgswrd/XML/ds472_randomsites.xml"},{"id":13113,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/472/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"High Plains Aquifer","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -105.3333,\n 37\n ],\n [\n -102.0419,\n 37\n ],\n [\n -102.0419,\n 41\n ],\n [\n -105.3333,\n 41\n ],\n [\n -105.3333,\n 37\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ab1e4b07f02db66e807","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Flynn, Jennifer L.","contributorId":66298,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flynn","given":"Jennifer","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303645,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Arnold, L. Rick","contributorId":101613,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arnold","given":"L. Rick","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303646,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Paschke, Suzanne S.","contributorId":14072,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paschke","given":"Suzanne","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303644,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":97935,"text":"ofr20091214 - 2009 - Quality of Surface Water in Missouri, Water Year 2008","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:28","indexId":"ofr20091214","displayToPublicDate":"2009-10-20T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-1214","title":"Quality of Surface Water in Missouri, Water Year 2008","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Missouri Department of Natural Resources, designed and operates a series of monitoring stations on streams throughout Missouri known as the Ambient Water-Quality Monitoring Network. During the 2008 water year (October 1, 2007, through September 30, 2008), data were collected at 67 stations, including two U.S. Geological Survey National Stream Quality Accounting Network stations and one spring sampled in cooperation with the U.S. Forest Service. Dissolved oxygen, specific conductance, water temperature, suspended solids, suspended sediment, fecal coliform bacteria, Escherichia coli bacteria, dissolved nitrate plus nitrite, total phosphorus, dissolved and total recoverable lead and zinc, and selected pesticide data summaries are presented for 64 of these stations. The stations primarily have been classified into groups corresponding to the physiography of the State, primary land use, or unique station types. In addition, a summary of hydrologic conditions in the State including peak discharges, monthly mean discharges, and seven-day low flow is presented.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20091214","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Missouri Department of Natural Resources","usgsCitation":"Otero-Benitez, W., and Davis, J., 2009, Quality of Surface Water in Missouri, Water Year 2008: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1214, iv, 19 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20091214.","productDescription":"iv, 19 p.","temporalStart":"2007-10-01","temporalEnd":"2008-09-30","costCenters":[{"id":396,"text":"Missouri Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":118552,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2009_1214.jpg"},{"id":13107,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2009/1214/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -96,36 ], [ -96,41 ], [ -89,41 ], [ -89,36 ], [ -96,36 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a8fe4b07f02db654ded","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Otero-Benitez, William","contributorId":43862,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Otero-Benitez","given":"William","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303632,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Davis, Jerri V. jdavis@usgs.gov","contributorId":2667,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"Jerri V.","email":"jdavis@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":396,"text":"Missouri Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":303631,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":97930,"text":"sim3083 - 2009 - Geologic Map of The Volcanoes Quadrangle, Bernalillo and Sandoval Counties, New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:50","indexId":"sim3083","displayToPublicDate":"2009-10-20T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"3083","title":"Geologic Map of The Volcanoes Quadrangle, Bernalillo and Sandoval Counties, New Mexico","docAbstract":"This geologic map, in support of the U.S. Geological Survey Middle Rio Grande Basin Geologic Mapping Project, shows the spatial distribution of surficial deposits, lava flows, and related sediments of the Albuquerque volcanoes, upper Santa Fe Group sediments, faults, and fault-related structural features. These deposits are on, along, and beneath the Llano de Albuquerque (West Mesa) west of Albuquerque, New Mexico. Some of these deposits are in the western part of Petroglyph National Monument. Artificial fill deposits are mapped chiefly beneath and near the City of Albuquerque Soil Amendment Facility and the Double Eagle II Airport. Alluvial deposits were mapped in and along stream channels, beneath terrace surfaces, and on the Llano de Albuquerque and its adjacent hill slopes. Deposits composed of alluvium and colluvium are also mapped on hill slopes. Wedge-shaped deposits composed chiefly of sandy sheetwash deposits, eolian sand, and intercalated calcic soils have formed on the downthrown-sides of faults. Deposits of active and inactive eolian sand and sandy sheetwash deposits mantle the Llano de Albuquerque. Lava flows and related sediments of the Albuquerque volcanoes were mapped near the southeast corner of the map area. They include eleven young lava flow units and, where discernable, associated vent and near-vent pyroclastic deposits associated with cinder cones. Upper Santa Fe Group sediments are chiefly fluvial in origin, and are well exposed near the western boundary of the map area. From youngest to oldest they include a gravel unit, pebbly sand unit, tan sand and mud unit, tan sand unit, tan sand and clay unit, and silty sand unit. Undivided upper Santa Fe Group sediments are mapped in the eastern part of the map area. Faults were identified on the basis of surface expression determined from field mapping and interpretation of aeromagnetic data where concealed beneath surficial deposits. Fault-related structural features are exposed and were mapped near the western boundary of the map area.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sim3083","usgsCitation":"Thompson, R.A., Shroba, R.R., Menges, C.M., Schmidt, D., Personius, S.F., and Brandt, T.R., 2009, Geologic Map of The Volcanoes Quadrangle, Bernalillo and Sandoval Counties, New Mexico (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3083, Map Sheet: 49 x 36 inches; Downloads Directory, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3083.","productDescription":"Map Sheet: 49 x 36 inches; Downloads Directory","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":246704,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_87502.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"87502"},{"id":118455,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sim_3083.jpg"},{"id":13102,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3083/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"24000","projection":"Polyconic","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -106.86749999999999,35.1175 ], [ -106.86749999999999,35.25 ], [ -106.75,35.25 ], [ -106.75,35.1175 ], [ -106.86749999999999,35.1175 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ae4b07f02db6a85b3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thompson, Ren A. 0000-0002-3044-3043 rathomps@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3044-3043","contributorId":1265,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"Ren","email":"rathomps@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303616,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shroba, Ralph R. 0000-0002-2664-1813 rshroba@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2664-1813","contributorId":1266,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shroba","given":"Ralph","email":"rshroba@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303617,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Menges, Christopher M. 0000-0002-8045-2933 cmmenges@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8045-2933","contributorId":1045,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Menges","given":"Christopher","email":"cmmenges@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303614,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schmidt, Dwight L.","contributorId":69568,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmidt","given":"Dwight L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303619,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Personius, Stephen F. personius@usgs.gov","contributorId":1214,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Personius","given":"Stephen","email":"personius@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":303615,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Brandt, Theodore R. 0000-0002-7862-9082 tbrandt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7862-9082","contributorId":1267,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brandt","given":"Theodore","email":"tbrandt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303618,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":97927,"text":"gip94 - 2009 - Core Research Center","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:05","indexId":"gip94","displayToPublicDate":"2009-10-20T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":315,"text":"General Information Product","code":"GIP","onlineIssn":"2332-354X","printIssn":"2332-3531","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94","title":"Core Research Center","docAbstract":"The Core Research Center (CRC) of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), located at the Denver Federal Center in Lakewood, Colo., currently houses rock core from more than 8,500 boreholes representing about 1.7 million feet of rock core from 35 States and cuttings from 54,000 boreholes representing 238 million feet of drilling in 28 States. Although most of the boreholes are located in the Rocky Mountain region, the geologic and geographic diversity of samples have helped the CRC become one of the largest and most heavily used public core repositories in the United States. \r\n\r\nMany of the boreholes represented in the collection were drilled for energy and mineral exploration, and many of the cores and cuttings were donated to the CRC by private companies in these industries. Some cores and cuttings were collected by the USGS along with other government agencies. Approximately one-half of the cores are slabbed and photographed. More than 18,000 thin sections and a large volume of analytical data from the cores and cuttings are also accessible. A growing collection of digital images of the cores are also becoming available on the CRC Web site Internet http://geology.cr.usgs.gov/crc/.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/gip94","usgsCitation":"Hicks, J., and Adrian, B., 2009, Core Research Center: U.S. Geological Survey General Information Product 94, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/gip94.","productDescription":"2 p.","costCenters":[{"id":207,"text":"Core Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125446,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/gip_94.jpg"},{"id":13099,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/94/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adae4b07f02db685647","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hicks, Joshua","contributorId":107819,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hicks","given":"Joshua","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303607,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Adrian, Betty","contributorId":27584,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adrian","given":"Betty","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303606,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":97933,"text":"ofr20091186 - 2009 - Preliminary Geologic Map of the Buxton 7.5' Quadrangle, Washington County, Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:50","indexId":"ofr20091186","displayToPublicDate":"2009-10-20T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-1186","title":"Preliminary Geologic Map of the Buxton 7.5' Quadrangle, Washington County, Oregon","docAbstract":"This map, compiled from previously published and unpublished data, and new mapping by the authors, represents the general distribution of bedrock and surficial deposits of the Buxton 7.5-minute quadrangle. The database delineates map units that are identified by general age and lithology following the stratigraphic nomenclature of the U.S. Geological Survey. The scale of the source maps limits the spatial resolution (scale) of the database to 1:24,000 or smaller. \r\n\r\nThis plot file and accompanying database depict the distribution of geologic materials and structures at a regional (1:24,000) scale. The report is intended to provide geologic information for the regional study of materials properties, earthquake shaking, landslide potential, mineral hazards, seismic velocity, and earthquake faults. In addition, the report contains new information and interpretations about the regional geologic history and framework. However, the regional scale of this report does not provide sufficient detail for site development purposes.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20091186","usgsCitation":"Dinterman, P.A., and Duvall, A.R., 2009, Preliminary Geologic Map of the Buxton 7.5' Quadrangle, Washington County, Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1186, Map Sheet: 38 x 36 inches; Data Files, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20091186.","productDescription":"Map Sheet: 38 x 36 inches; Data Files","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":671,"text":"Western Region Geology and Geophysics Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":118534,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2009_1186.jpg"},{"id":13105,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2009/1186/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":246699,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_87513.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"87513"}],"scale":"24000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -123.25,45.6175 ], [ -123.25,45.75 ], [ -123.11749999999999,45.75 ], [ -123.11749999999999,45.6175 ], [ -123.25,45.6175 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ae4b07f02db5fb60d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dinterman, Philip A.","contributorId":11706,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dinterman","given":"Philip","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303626,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Duvall, Alison R.","contributorId":39479,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duvall","given":"Alison","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303627,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":97923,"text":"ofr20091236 - 2009 - Scientific Framework for Stormwater Monitoring by the Washington State Department of Transportation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:26","indexId":"ofr20091236","displayToPublicDate":"2009-10-17T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-1236","title":"Scientific Framework for Stormwater Monitoring by the Washington State Department of Transportation","docAbstract":"The Washington State Department of Transportation municipal stormwater monitoring program, in operation for about 8 years, never has received an external, objective assessment. In addition, the Washington State Department of Transportation would like to identify the standard operating procedures and quality assurance protocols that must be adopted so that their monitoring program will meet the requirements of the new National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System municipal stormwater permit. As a result, in March 2009, the Washington State Department of Transportation asked the U.S. Geological Survey to assess their pre-2009 municipal stormwater monitoring program. This report presents guidelines developed for the Washington State Department of Transportation to meet new permit requirements and regional/national stormwater monitoring standards to ensure that adequate processes and procedures are identified to collect high-quality, scientifically defensible municipal stormwater monitoring data. These include: (1) development of coherent vision and cooperation among all elements of the program; (2) a comprehensive approach for site selection; (3) an effective quality assurance program for field, laboratory, and data management; and (4) an adequate database and data management system.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20091236","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Washington State Department of Transportation","usgsCitation":"Sheibley, R., Kelly, V., and Wagner, R.J., 2009, Scientific Framework for Stormwater Monitoring by the Washington State Department of Transportation: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1236, iv, 23 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20091236.","productDescription":"iv, 23 p.","costCenters":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125510,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2009_1236.jpg"},{"id":13096,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2009/1236/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -125.75,45.5 ], [ -125.75,49 ], [ -116.91666666666667,49 ], [ -116.91666666666667,45.5 ], [ -125.75,45.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0de4b07f02db5fd265","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sheibley, R.W. 0000-0003-1627-8536 sheibley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1627-8536","contributorId":43066,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sheibley","given":"R.W.","email":"sheibley@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303602,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kelly, V.J.","contributorId":14009,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kelly","given":"V.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303600,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wagner, R. J.","contributorId":37318,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wagner","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303601,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":97922,"text":"ofr20091229 - 2009 - A method for creating a three dimensional model from published geologic maps and cross sections","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-23T14:44:41.084811","indexId":"ofr20091229","displayToPublicDate":"2009-10-17T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-1229","title":"A method for creating a three dimensional model from published geologic maps and cross sections","docAbstract":"This brief report presents a relatively inexpensive and rapid method for creating a 3D model of geology from published quadrangle-scale maps and cross sections using Google Earth and Google SketchUp software. An example from the Green Mountains of Vermont, USA, is used to illustrate the step by step methods used to create such a model. A second example is provided from the Jebel Saghro region of the Anti-Atlas Mountains of Morocco. The report was published to help enhance the public's ability to use and visualize geologic map data.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20091229","usgsCitation":"Walsh, G.J., 2009, A method for creating a three dimensional model from published geologic maps and cross sections: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1229, iv, 16 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20091229.","productDescription":"iv, 16 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":412,"text":"National Cooperative Geologic Mapping Program","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":391703,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_87709.htm"},{"id":125347,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2009_1229.jpg"},{"id":13172,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2009/1229/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Vermont","county":"Addison County, Rutland county, Windsor County","otherGeospatial":"Rochester quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -72.875,\n 43.75\n ],\n [\n -72.75,\n 43.75\n ],\n [\n -72.75,\n 43.875\n ],\n [\n -72.875,\n 43.875\n ],\n [\n -72.875,\n 43.75\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd495be4b0b290850ef17b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Walsh, Gregory J. 0000-0003-4264-8836 gwalsh@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4264-8836","contributorId":873,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walsh","given":"Gregory","email":"gwalsh@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303599,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70200432,"text":"70200432 - 2009 - Inference of distributional parameters from compositional samples containing nondetects","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-29T09:33:12","indexId":"70200432","displayToPublicDate":"2009-10-15T11:25:05","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Inference of distributional parameters from compositional samples containing nondetects","docAbstract":"Low concentrations of elements in geochemical analyses have the peculiarity of being compositional data and, for a given level of significance, are likely to be beyond the capabilities of laboratories to distinguish between minute concentrations and complete absence, thus preventing laboratories from reporting extremely low concentrations of the analyte. Instead, what is reported is the detection limit, which is the minimum concentration that conclusively differentiates between presence and absence of the element. A spatially distributed exhaustive sample is employed in this study to generate unbiased sub-samples, which are further censored to observe the effect that different detection limits and sample sizes have on the inference of population distributions starting from geochemical analyses having specimens below detection limit (nondetects). The isometric logratio transformation is used to convert the compositional data in the simplex to samples in real space, thus allowing the practitioner to properly borrow from the large source of statistical techniques valid only in real space. The bootstrap method is used to numerically investigate the reliability of inferring several distributional parameters employing different forms of imputation for the censored data. The case study illustrates that, in general, best results are obtained when imputations are made using the distribution best fitting the readings above detection limit and exposes the problems of other more widely used practices. When the sample is spatially correlated, it
is necessary to combine the bootstrap with stochastic simulation.
Groundwater quality in the approximately 1,500 square-mile Mojave (MOJO) study unit was investigated from February to April 2008, as part of the Priority Basin Project of the Groundwater Ambient Monitoring and Assessment (GAMA) Program. The GAMA Priority Basin Project was developed in response to the Groundwater Quality Monitoring Act of 2001 and is being conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in cooperation with the California State Water Resources Control Board (SWRCB). MOJO was the 23rd of 37 study units to be sampled as part of the GAMA Priority Basin Project.
The MOJO study was designed to provide a spatially unbiased assessment of the quality of untreated ground water used for public water supplies within MOJO, and to facilitate statistically consistent comparisons of groundwater quality throughout California. Samples were collected from 59 wells in San Bernardino and Los Angeles Counties. Fifty-two of the wells were selected using a spatially distributed, randomized grid-based method to provide statistical representation of the study area (grid wells), and seven were selected to aid in evaluation of specific water-quality issues (understanding wells).
The groundwater samples were analyzed for a large number of organic constituents [volatile organic compounds (VOCs), pesticides and pesticide degradates, and pharmaceutical compounds], constituents of special interest (perchlorate and N-nitrosodimethylamine [NDMA]) naturally occurring inorganic constituents (nutrients, dissolved organic carbon [DOC], major and minor ions, silica, total dissolved solids [TDS], and trace elements), and radioactive constituents (gross alpha and gross beta radioactivity, radium isotopes, and radon-222). Naturally occurring isotopes (stable isotopes of hydrogen, oxygen, and carbon, stable isotopes of nitrogen and oxygen in nitrate, and activities of tritium and carbon-14), and dissolved noble gases also were measured to help identify the sources and ages of the sampled ground water. In total, over 230 constituents and water-quality indicators (field parameters) were investigated.
Three types of quality-control samples (blanks, replicates, and matrix spikes) each were collected at approximately 5–8 percent of the wells, and the results for these samples were used to evaluate the quality of the data for the groundwater samples. Field blanks rarely contained detectable concentrations of any constituent, suggesting that contamination was not a significant source of bias in the data for the groundwater samples. Differences between replicate samples generally were within acceptable ranges, indicating acceptable analytical reproducibility. Matrix spike recoveries were within acceptable ranges for most compounds.
This study did not attempt to evaluate the quality of water delivered to consumers; after withdrawal from the ground, untreated groundwater typically is treated, disinfected, or blended with other waters to maintain water quality. Regulatory thresholds apply to water that is served to the consumer, not to untreated ground water. However, to provide some context for the results, concentrations of constituents measured in the untreated ground water were compared with regulatory and non-regulatory health-based thresholds established by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) and California Department of Public Health (CDPH) and thresholds established for aesthetic and technical concerns by CDPH. Comparisons between data collected for this study and thresholds for drinking-water are for illustrative purposes only, and are not indicative of compliance or non-compliance with those thresholds.
Most constituents that were detected in groundwater samples in the 59 wells in MOJO were found at concentrations below drinking-water thresholds. In MOJO’s 52 grid wells, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were detected in 40 percent of the wells, and pesticides and pesticide degradates were detected in 23 percent of the grid wells. Results for health-based thresholds in MOJO grid wells showed that all of the detections of organic compounds in samples from MOJO grid wells were below health-based thresholds, with the exception of a single detection of NDMA above the California Department of Public Health notification level (NL-CA).
Trace elements and radioactive constituents were sampled for at 19 MOJO grid wells and most detections were below health-based thresholds. Exceptions include: six detections of arsenic above the USEPA maximum contaminant level (MCL-US), two detections of boron and one detection of vanadium above the NL-CA, one detection each of molybdenum and strontium that were above the USEPA lifetime health advisory level (HAL-US), and one detection of fluoride just above the MCL-CA of 2 µg/L. Most detections of radioactive constituents in the MOJO grid wells were below health-based thresholds, with the exception of one detection of gross alpha radioactivity (72-hour count and 30-day count) above the MCL-CA, and 17 grid wells (of 19 sampled) that had activities of radon-222 above the proposed MCL-US of 300 pCi/L, but all were below the proposed alternative MCL-US of 4,000 pCi/L.
All of the samples collected from the 19 MOJO grid wells for trace elements, and most of the samples for major ions and total dissolved solids (TDS), had measured concentrations below the non-enforceable thresholds set for aesthetic concerns. Four grid wells had TDS concentrations above the California Department of Public Health secondary maximum contaminant level (SMCL-CA) recommended threshold of 500 mg/L, and three of these wells were also above the SMCL-CA upper threshold of 1,000 mg/L. Four grid wells (of 19 sampled) had sulfate measured at concentrations above the recommended SMCL-CA threshold of 250 mg/L, and one of these detections was also above the upper SMCL-CA threshold of 500 mg/L. One grid well had chloride levels at a concentration above the upper SMCL-CA threshold of 500 mg/L. Eleven grid wells (of 52 sampled) had pH values outside of the SMCL-US range for pH.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ds440","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the California State Water Resources Control Board; A product of the California Groundwater Ambient Monitoring and Assessment (GAMA) Program","usgsCitation":"Mathany, T., and Belitz, K., 2009, Groundwater quality data in the Mojave study unit, 2008: Results from the California GAMA Program: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 440, x, 81 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ds440.","productDescription":"x, 81 p.","temporalStart":"2008-02-01","temporalEnd":"2008-04-30","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":118585,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds_440.jpg"},{"id":13086,"rank":100,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/440/","text":"Index page","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":360778,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/440/pdf/ds440.pdf","text":"Report","size":"12.3 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Mojave study unit","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117.7333,\n 34.2833\n ],\n [\n -116.35,\n 34.2833\n ],\n [\n -116.35,\n 35.0708\n ],\n [\n -117.7333,\n 35.0708\n ],\n [\n -117.7333,\n 34.2833\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a95e4b07f02db659f54","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mathany, Timothy M. 0000-0002-4747-5113","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4747-5113","contributorId":99949,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mathany","given":"Timothy M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303577,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Belitz, Kenneth 0000-0003-4481-2345 kbelitz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4481-2345","contributorId":442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belitz","given":"Kenneth","email":"kbelitz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303576,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":97917,"text":"ofr20091076 - 2009 - Water Use in Wisconsin, 2005","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-06-01T11:34:37","indexId":"ofr20091076","displayToPublicDate":"2009-10-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-1076","title":"Water Use in Wisconsin, 2005","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Wisconsin Water Science Center is responsible for presenting data collected or estimated for water withdrawals and diversions every 5 years to the National Water-Use Information Program (NWUIP). This program serves many purposes such as quantifying how much, where, and for what purpose water is used; tracking and documenting water-use trends and changes; and providing these data to other agencies to support hydrologic projects. In 2005, data at both the county and subbasin levels were compiled into the USGS national water-use database system; these data are published in a statewide summary report and a national circular. This publication, Water Use in Wisconsin, 2005, presents the water-use estimates for 2005; this publication also describes how these water-use data were determined (including assumptions used), limitations of using these data, and trends in water-use data presented to the NWUIP. Estimates of water use in Wisconsin indicate that about 8,608 million gallons per day (Mgal/d) were withdrawn during 2005. Of this amount, about 7,622 Mgal/d (89 percent) were from surface-water sources and about 986 Mgal/d (11 percent) were from ground-water sources. Surface water used for cooling at thermoelectric-power plants constituted the largest portion of daily use at 6,898 Mgal/d. Water provided by public-supply water utilities is the second largest use of water and totaled 552 Mgal/d. Public supply served approximately 71 percent of the estimated 2005 Wisconsin population of 5.54 million people; two counties - Milwaukee and Dane - accounted for more than one-third of the public-supply withdrawal. Industrial and irrigation were the next major water uses at 471 and 402 Mgal/d, respectively. Non-irrigational agricultural (livestock and aquaculture) accounted for approximately 155 Mgal/d and is similar to the combined withdrawal for the remaining water-use categories of domestic, commercial, and mining (131 Mgal/d). Data on water use in Wisconsin by source of water and category of use have been compiled at 5-year intervals since 1950. During the past 55 years (1950-2005), water withdrawn to meet demands for public supply and self-supplied irrigation, industrial, commercial, domestic, and livestock increased 333 percent (1,117 Mgal/d). The greatest increases were for public supply, industrial, and irrigation, and are reflected in the increasing total per-capita water-use values. In recent (2000 and 2005) water-use estimation years, both public-supply and self-supplied domestic per-capita-use values have been declining. This can be attributed, at least in part, to a reduction in industrial-water deliveries, increased water-efficiency standards, and the implementation of leak-detection programs and water-conservation practices. However, when making comparisons to evaluate trends among other Wisconsin water-use estimation years, it is important to be aware of changes that may have occurred in estimation methods or objectives that create differences. Some changes that have occurred are the availability of data and information about water use, changes in data sources and estimation methods, and the inclusion and exclusion of certain water-use categories. These differences may have an effect on apparent trends and make comparing trends difficult.
","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20091076","usgsCitation":"Buchwald, C.A., 2009, Water Use in Wisconsin, 2005: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1076, viii, 75 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20091076.","productDescription":"viii, 75 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2005-01-01","temporalEnd":"2005-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":118476,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2009_1076.jpg"},{"id":13089,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2009/1076/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\n\"features\":[\n{\"type\":\"Feature\",\n\"id\":\"3055\",\n\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Dane\",\"state\":\"WI\"},\n\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\n\"coordinates\":[\n[[-89.0094,43.286],[-89.0084,43.2555],[-89.0094,43.2],[-89.01,43.1131],[-89.0109,43.0849],[-89.0107,43.0271],[-89.0132,42.9353],[-89.013,42.8762],[-89.0119,42.8471],[-89.132,42.8479],[-89.2488,42.8478],[-89.3689,42.8484],[-89.3688,42.8575],[-89.4832,42.858],[-89.6026,42.8575],[-89.7196,42.8587],[-89.8377,42.8598],[-89.8375,42.9471],[-89.8386,43.0317],[-89.8384,43.1181],[-89.8394,43.205],[-89.8325,43.2123],[-89.825,43.2187],[-89.8175,43.226],[-89.8125,43.2342],[-89.8088,43.2369],[-89.8012,43.2365],[-89.7874,43.2356],[-89.771,43.237],[-89.7579,43.2379],[-89.7529,43.2443],[-89.7485,43.2507],[-89.7391,43.2548],[-89.7259,43.2644],[-89.7171,43.2739],[-89.714,43.2821],[-89.7165,43.2867],[-89.7235,43.2935],[-89.7209,43.2935],[-89.6008,43.2932],[-89.4819,43.2942],[-89.3617,43.2954],[-89.3624,43.2832],[-89.246,43.2834],[-89.1271,43.2827],[-89.0094,43.286]]]}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49d1e4b07f02db5db903","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Buchwald, Cheryl A. 0000-0001-8968-5023 cabuchwa@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8968-5023","contributorId":1943,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buchwald","given":"Cheryl","email":"cabuchwa@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303585,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":97916,"text":"ofr20091200 - 2009 - Multivariate Statistical Models for Predicting Sediment Yields from Southern California Watersheds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:29","indexId":"ofr20091200","displayToPublicDate":"2009-10-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-1200","title":"Multivariate Statistical Models for Predicting Sediment Yields from Southern California Watersheds","docAbstract":"Debris-retention basins in Southern California are frequently used to protect communities and infrastructure from the hazards of flooding and debris flow. Empirical models that predict sediment yields are used to determine the size of the basins. Such models have been developed using analyses of records of the amount of material removed from debris retention basins, associated rainfall amounts, measures of watershed characteristics, and wildfire extent and history. In this study we used multiple linear regression methods to develop two updated empirical models to predict sediment yields for watersheds located in Southern California. The models are based on both new and existing measures of volume of sediment removed from debris retention basins, measures of watershed morphology, and characterization of burn severity distributions for watersheds located in Ventura, Los Angeles, and San Bernardino Counties. The first model presented reflects conditions in watersheds located throughout the Transverse Ranges of Southern California and is based on volumes of sediment measured following single storm events with known rainfall conditions. The second model presented is specific to conditions in Ventura County watersheds and was developed using volumes of sediment measured following multiple storm events. To relate sediment volumes to triggering storm rainfall, a rainfall threshold was developed to identify storms likely to have caused sediment deposition. A measured volume of sediment deposited by numerous storms was parsed among the threshold-exceeding storms based on relative storm rainfall totals.\r\n\r\nThe predictive strength of the two models developed here, and of previously-published models, was evaluated using a test dataset consisting of 65 volumes of sediment yields measured in Southern California. The evaluation indicated that the model developed using information from single storm events in the Transverse Ranges best predicted sediment yields for watersheds in San Bernardino, Los Angeles, and Ventura Counties. This model predicts sediment yield as a function of the peak 1-hour rainfall, the watershed area burned by the most recent fire (at all severities), the time since the most recent fire, watershed area, average gradient, and relief ratio. The model that reflects conditions specific to Ventura County watersheds consistently under-predicted sediment yields and is not recommended for application. Some previously-published models performed reasonably well, while others either under-predicted sediment yields or had a larger range of errors in the predicted sediment yields.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20091200","usgsCitation":"Gartner, J.E., Cannon, S.H., Helsel, D., and Bandurraga, M., 2009, Multivariate Statistical Models for Predicting Sediment Yields from Southern California Watersheds: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1200, Report: v, 42 p.; Downloads Directory, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20091200.","productDescription":"Report: v, 42 p.; Downloads Directory","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":118541,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2009_1200.jpg"},{"id":13088,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2009/1200/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b473f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gartner, Joseph E. jegartner@usgs.gov","contributorId":1876,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gartner","given":"Joseph","email":"jegartner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303582,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cannon, Susan H. cannon@usgs.gov","contributorId":1019,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cannon","given":"Susan","email":"cannon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303581,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Helsel, Dennis R.","contributorId":85569,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Helsel","given":"Dennis R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303584,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bandurraga, Mark","contributorId":57974,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bandurraga","given":"Mark","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303583,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":97907,"text":"sir20095134 - 2009 - Dendrogeomorphic Assessment of the Rattlesnake Gulf Landslide in the Tully Valley, Onondaga County, New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:27","indexId":"sir20095134","displayToPublicDate":"2009-10-08T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-5134","title":"Dendrogeomorphic Assessment of the Rattlesnake Gulf Landslide in the Tully Valley, Onondaga County, New York","docAbstract":"Dendrogeomorphic techniques were used to assess soil movement within the Rattlesnake Gulf landslide in the Tully Valley of central New York during the last century. This landslide is a postglacial, slow-moving earth slide that covers 23 acres and consists primarily of rotated, laminated, glaciolacustrine silt and clay. Sixty-two increment cores were obtained from 30 hemlock (Tsuga canadensis) trees across the active part of the landslide and from 3 control sites to interpret the soil-displacement history. Annual growth rings were measured and reaction wood was identified to indicate years in which ring growth changed from concentric to eccentric, on the premise that soil movement triggered compensatory growth in displaced trees. These data provided a basis for an 'event index' to identify years of landslide activity over the 108 years of record represented by the oldest trees. Event-index values and total annual precipitation increased during this time, but years with sudden event-index increases did not necessarily correspond to years with above-average precipitation. Multiple-regression and residual-values analyses indicated a possible correlation between precipitation and movement within the landslide and a possible cyclic (decades-long) tree-ring response to displacement within the landslide area from the toe upward to, and possibly beyond, previously formed landslide features. The soil movement is triggered by a sequence of factors that include (1) periods of several months with below-average precipitation followed by persistent above-average precipitation, (2) the attendant increase in streamflow, which erodes the landslide toe and results in an upslope propagation of slumping, and (3) the harvesting of mature trees within this landslide during the last century and continuing to the present.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20095134","isbn":"9781411326026","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Onondaga Lake Partnership and Onondaga Environmental Institute","usgsCitation":"Tamulonis, K.L., and Kappel, W.M., 2009, Dendrogeomorphic Assessment of the Rattlesnake Gulf Landslide in the Tully Valley, Onondaga County, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2009-5134, iv, 17 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20095134.","productDescription":"iv, 17 p.","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":118660,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2009_5134.jpg"},{"id":13080,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2009/5134/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -76.18333333333334,42.8 ], [ -76.18333333333334,42.916666666666664 ], [ -76.11666666666666,42.916666666666664 ], [ -76.11666666666666,42.8 ], [ -76.18333333333334,42.8 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ab2e4b07f02db66ecc4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tamulonis, Kathryn L.","contributorId":75234,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tamulonis","given":"Kathryn","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303555,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kappel, William M. 0000-0002-2382-9757 wkappel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2382-9757","contributorId":1074,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kappel","given":"William","email":"wkappel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303554,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}