{"pageNumber":"757","pageRowStart":"18900","pageSize":"25","recordCount":46882,"records":[{"id":70003428,"text":"70003428 - 2009 - Impacts of forest fragmentation on species richness: A hierarchical approach to community modelling","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-03-04T12:51:38.836744","indexId":"70003428","displayToPublicDate":"2011-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2163,"text":"Journal of Applied Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Impacts of forest fragmentation on species richness: A hierarchical approach to community modelling","docAbstract":"1. Species richness is often used as a tool for prioritizing conservation action. One method for predicting richness and other summaries of community structure is to develop species-specific models of occurrence probability based on habitat or landscape characteristics. However, this approach can be challenging for rare or elusive species for which survey data are often sparse.\r\n\r\n 2. Recent developments have allowed for improved inference about community structure based on species-specific models of occurrence probability, integrated within a hierarchical modelling framework. This framework offers advantages to inference about species richness over typical approaches by accounting for both species-level effects and the aggregated effects of landscape composition on a community as a whole, thus leading to increased precision in estimates of species richness by improving occupancy estimates for all species, including those that were observed infrequently.\r\n\r\n 3. We developed a hierarchical model to assess the community response of breeding birds in the Hudson River Valley, New York, to habitat fragmentation and analysed the model using a Bayesian approach.\r\n\r\n 4. The model was designed to estimate species-specific occurrence and the effects of fragment area and edge (as measured through the perimeter and the perimeter/area ratio, P/A), while accounting for imperfect detection of species.\r\n\r\n 5. We used the fitted model to make predictions of species richness within forest fragments of variable morphology. The model revealed that species richness of the observed bird community was maximized in small forest fragments with a high P/A. However, the number of forest interior species, a subset of the community with high conservation value, was maximized in large fragments with low P/A.\r\n\r\n 6. Synthesis and applications. Our results demonstrate the importance of understanding the responses of both individual, and groups of species, to environmental heterogeneity while illustrating the utility of hierarchical models for inference about species richness for conservation. This framework can be used to investigate the impacts of land-use change and fragmentation on species or assemblage richness, and to further understand trade-offs in species-specific occupancy probabilities associated with landscape variability.","language":"English","publisher":"British Ecological Society","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2664.2009.01664.x","usgsCitation":"Zipkin, E., DeWan, A., and Royle, J., 2009, Impacts of forest fragmentation on species richness: A hierarchical approach to community modelling: Journal of Applied Ecology, v. 46, no. 4, p. 815-822, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2664.2009.01664.x.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"815","endPage":"822","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476002,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2664.2009.01664.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":383722,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","otherGeospatial":"Hudson River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -73.8720703125,\n 40.74725696280421\n ],\n [\n -73.80615234375,\n 41.244772343082076\n ],\n [\n -73.8720703125,\n 41.672911819602085\n ],\n [\n -73.751220703125,\n 42.049292638686836\n ],\n [\n -73.685302734375,\n 42.593532625649935\n ],\n [\n -73.641357421875,\n 42.924251753870685\n ],\n [\n -73.8720703125,\n 42.79540065303723\n ],\n [\n -73.970947265625,\n 42.23665188032057\n ],\n [\n -74.058837890625,\n 41.75492216766298\n ],\n [\n -74.058837890625,\n 41.269549502842565\n ],\n [\n -74.058837890625,\n 40.863679665481676\n ],\n [\n -73.8720703125,\n 40.74725696280421\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"46","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad5e4b07f02db6833f9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zipkin, Elise F.","contributorId":70528,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zipkin","given":"Elise F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347256,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"DeWan, Amielle","contributorId":87036,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeWan","given":"Amielle","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347258,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Royle, J. Andrew 0000-0003-3135-2167","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3135-2167","contributorId":80808,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Royle","given":"J. Andrew","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":347257,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70003422,"text":"70003422 - 2009 - Bayesian inference in camera trapping studies for a class of spatial capture-recapture models","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:53","indexId":"70003422","displayToPublicDate":"2011-06-07T16:50:09","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1465,"text":"Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Bayesian inference in camera trapping studies for a class of spatial capture-recapture models","docAbstract":"We develop a class of models for inference about abundance or density using spatial capture-recapture data from studies based on camera trapping and related methods. The model is a hierarchical model composed of two components: a point process model describing the distribution of individuals in space (or their home range centers) and a model describing the observation of individuals in traps. We suppose that trap- and individual-specific capture probabilities are a function of distance between individual home range centers and trap locations. We show that the models can be regarded as generalized linear mixed models, where the individual home range centers are random effects. We adopt a Bayesian framework for inference under these models using a formulation based on data augmentation. We apply the models to camera trapping data on tigers from the Nagarahole Reserve, India, collected over 48 nights in 2006. For this study, 120 camera locations were used, but cameras were only operational at 30 locations during any given sample occasion. Movement of traps is common in many camera-trapping studies and represents an important feature of the observation model that we address explicitly in our application.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","usgsCitation":"Royle, J., Karanth, K.U., Gopalaswamy, A., and Kumar, N.S., 2009, Bayesian inference in camera trapping studies for a class of spatial capture-recapture models: Ecology, v. 90, no. 11, p. 3233-3244.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"3233","endPage":"3244","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":203830,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":21689,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.esajournals.org/doi/abs/10.1890/08-1481.1","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"India","volume":"90","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a54e4b07f02db62c3dd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Royle, J. Andrew 0000-0003-3135-2167","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3135-2167","contributorId":80808,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Royle","given":"J. Andrew","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":347242,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Karanth, K. Ullas","contributorId":6984,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Karanth","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"Ullas","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347239,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gopalaswamy, Arjun M.","contributorId":12167,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gopalaswamy","given":"Arjun M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347240,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kumar, N. Samba","contributorId":52701,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kumar","given":"N.","email":"","middleInitial":"Samba","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347241,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70003413,"text":"70003413 - 2009 - A cautionary note on substituting spatial subunits for repeated temporal sampling in studies of site occupancy","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:52","indexId":"70003413","displayToPublicDate":"2011-06-07T12:43:19","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2163,"text":"Journal of Applied Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A cautionary note on substituting spatial subunits for repeated temporal sampling in studies of site occupancy","docAbstract":"1. Assessing the probability that a given site is occupied by a species of interest is important to resource managers, as well as metapopulation or landscape ecologists. Managers require accurate estimates of the state of the system, in order to make informed decisions. Models that yield estimates of occupancy, while accounting for imperfect detection, have proven useful by removing a potentially important source of bias. To account for detection probability, multiple independent searches per site for the species are required, under the assumption that the species is available for detection during each search of an occupied site. 2. We demonstrate that when multiple samples per site are defined by searching different locations within a site, absence of the species from a subset of these spatial subunits induces estimation bias when locations are exhaustively assessed or sampled without replacement. 3. We further demonstrate that this bias can be removed by choosing sampling locations with replacement, or if the species is highly mobile over a short period of time. 4. Resampling an existing data set does not mitigate bias due to exhaustive assessment of locations or sampling without replacement. 5. Synthesis and applications. Selecting sampling locations for presence/absence surveys with replacement is practical in most cases. Such an adjustment to field methods will prevent one source of bias, and therefore produce more robust statistical inferences about species occupancy. This will in turn permit managers to make resource decisions based on better knowledge of the state of the system.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Applied Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley-Blackwell Publishing","publisherLocation":"Malden, MA","usgsCitation":"Kendall, W.L., and White, G.C., 2009, A cautionary note on substituting spatial subunits for repeated temporal sampling in studies of site occupancy: Journal of Applied Ecology, v. 46, no. 6, p. 1182-1188.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"1182","endPage":"1188","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":203850,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":21685,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":1,"text":"Abstract"},"url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-2664.2009.01732.x/abstract","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","volume":"46","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b28e4b07f02db6b110e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kendall, William L. wkendall@usgs.gov","contributorId":406,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kendall","given":"William","email":"wkendall@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":347212,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"White, Gary C.","contributorId":66831,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"White","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":6621,"text":"Colorado State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":347213,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70217729,"text":"70217729 - 2009 - Critical steps for the continuing advancement of hydrogeophysics","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-29T15:29:02.309326","indexId":"70217729","displayToPublicDate":"2011-06-03T09:14:01","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":7458,"text":"Eos Science News","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Critical steps for the continuing advancement of hydrogeophysics","docAbstract":"

Special hydrogeophysics issues published by hydrology and geophysics journals, special sessions and workshops at conferences, and an increasing number of short courses demonstrate the growing interest in the use of geophysics for hydrologic investigations. The formation of the hydrogeophysics technical subcommittee of AGU's Hydrology section adds further evidence of the recognized significance of this growing interdisciplinary field. Given the clear value of nondestructive and nonintrusive imaging for subsurface investigations, we believe the advances in the adoption of existing geophysical methods, the development of novel methods, and the merging of geophysical and other data made in hydrogeophysics could be applied to a wide range of geological, environmental, and engineering applications.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2009EO230004","usgsCitation":"Ferre, T.P., Bentley, L., Binley, A., Linde, N., Kemna, A., Singha, K., Holliger, K., Huisman, J.A., and Minsley, B.J., 2009, Critical steps for the continuing advancement of hydrogeophysics: Eos Science News, v. 90, no. 23, p. 200-202, https://doi.org/10.1029/2009EO230004.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"200","endPage":"202","ipdsId":"IP-014220","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":382802,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"90","issue":"23","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-06-03","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ferre, Ty P A","contributorId":245394,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ferre","given":"Ty","email":"","middleInitial":"P A","affiliations":[{"id":13040,"text":"Department of Hydrology and Water Resources, University of Arizona","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":809401,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bentley, Laurence","contributorId":248574,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bentley","given":"Laurence","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":809402,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Binley, Andrew 0000-0002-0938-9070","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0938-9070","contributorId":192556,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Binley","given":"Andrew","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":809403,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Linde, Niklas","contributorId":248575,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Linde","given":"Niklas","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":809404,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kemna, Andreas","contributorId":248576,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kemna","given":"Andreas","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":809405,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Singha, Kamini 0000-0002-0605-3774","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0605-3774","contributorId":191366,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Singha","given":"Kamini","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6606,"text":"Colorado School of Mines","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":809406,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Holliger, K.","contributorId":101036,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holliger","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":809408,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Huisman, J. A.","contributorId":86591,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Huisman","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":809407,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Minsley, Burke J. 0000-0003-1689-1306","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1689-1306","contributorId":248573,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Minsley","given":"Burke","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":809400,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70135737,"text":"70135737 - 2009 - Identifying baldcypress-water tupelo regeneration classes in forested wetlands of the Atchafalaya Basin, Louisiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-12-16T09:56:41","indexId":"70135737","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3750,"text":"Wetlands","onlineIssn":"1943-6246","printIssn":"0277-5212","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Identifying baldcypress-water tupelo regeneration classes in forested wetlands of the Atchafalaya Basin, Louisiana","docAbstract":"

Baldcypress-water tupelo (cypress-tupelo) swamps are critically important coastal forested wetlands found throughout the southeastern U.S. The long-term survival and sustainability of these swamp forests is unknown due to large-scale changes in hydrologic regimes that prevent natural regeneration following logging or mortality. We used NWI wetland maps and remotely sensed hydrologic data to map cypress-tupelo communities, surface water, and the extent and location of proposed regeneration condition classes for cypress-tupelo swamps in the Atchafalaya Basin, LA. Only 6,175 ha (5.8%) of the 106,227 ha of cypress-tupelo forest in the Lower Atchafalaya Basin Floodway was classified as capable of naturally regenerating. Over 23% (24,525 ha) of the forest area was mapped as unable to regenerate either naturally or artificially. The loss and conversion of nearly 25,000 ha of cypress-tupelo forest would have significant and long-lasting impacts on ecosystem services such as wildlife habitat for birds and Louisiana black bears. Given the landscape-scale changes in surface elevations and flooding depths and durations throughout southern Louisiana, similar conditions and impacts are likely applicable to all coastal cypress-tupelo forests in Louisiana. Better data on flooding during the growing season are needed to more accurately identify and refine the location and spatial extent of the regeneration condition classes.

","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1672/08-211.1","usgsCitation":"Faulkner, S.P., Bhattarai, P., Allen, Y.C., Barras, J., and Constant, G.C., 2009, Identifying baldcypress-water tupelo regeneration classes in forested wetlands of the Atchafalaya Basin, Louisiana: Wetlands, v. 29, no. 3, p. 809-817, https://doi.org/10.1672/08-211.1.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"809","endPage":"817","numberOfPages":"9","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-009332","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296700,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","otherGeospatial":"Atchafalaya Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -94.06494140625,\n 28.9023972285585\n ],\n [\n -94.06494140625,\n 33.04550781490999\n ],\n [\n -88.890380859375,\n 33.04550781490999\n ],\n [\n -88.890380859375,\n 28.9023972285585\n ],\n [\n -94.06494140625,\n 28.9023972285585\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"29","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"549165cce4b0d0759afaad8a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Faulkner, Stephen P. 0000-0001-5295-1383 faulkners@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5295-1383","contributorId":374,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Faulkner","given":"Stephen","email":"faulkners@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":536766,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bhattarai, Prajwol","contributorId":130988,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bhattarai","given":"Prajwol","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":536767,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Allen, Yvonne C.","contributorId":94403,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"Yvonne","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":536768,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Barras, John A. jbarras@usgs.gov","contributorId":2425,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barras","given":"John A.","email":"jbarras@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":536769,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Constant, Glenn C.","contributorId":102595,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Constant","given":"Glenn","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":6661,"text":"US Fish and Wildlife Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":536770,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":98624,"text":"ofr20091247 - 2009 - Regional economic analysis of current and proposed management alternatives for Rappahannock River Valley National Wildlife Refuge","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:27","indexId":"ofr20091247","displayToPublicDate":"2010-08-26T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-1247","title":"Regional economic analysis of current and proposed management alternatives for Rappahannock River Valley National Wildlife Refuge","docAbstract":"The National Wildlife Refuge System Improvement Act of 1997 requires all units of the National Wildlife Refuge System to be managed under a Comprehensive Conservation Plan. The Comprehensive Conservation Plan must describe the desired future conditions of a refuge and provide long-range guidance and management direction to achieve refuge purposes. The Rappahannock River Valley National Wildlife Refuge (refuge) is in the process of developing a range of management goals, objectives, and strategies for the Comprehensive Conservation Plan. The Comprehensive Conservation Plan for the refuge must contain an analysis of expected effects associated with current and proposed refuge management strategies.\r\n\r\nThe purpose of this study was to assess the regional economic implications associated with draft Comprehensive Conservation Plan management strategies. Special interest groups and local residents often criticize a change in refuge management, especially if there is a perceived negative impact to the local economy. Having objective data on economic impacts may show that these fears are overstated. Quite often, the extent of economic benefits a refuge provides to a local community is not fully recognized, yet at the same time the effects of negative changes is overstated. Spending associated with refuge recreational activities, such as wildlife viewing and hunting, can generate considerable tourist activity for surrounding communities. Additionally, refuge personnel typically spend considerable amounts of money purchasing supplies in local stores, repairing equipment and purchasing fuel at the local service stations, and reside and spend their salaries in the local community.\r\n\r\nFor refuge Comprehensive Conservation Plan planning, a regional economic assessment provides a means of estimating how current management (no action alternative) and proposed management activities (alternatives) could affect the local economy. This type of analysis provides two critical pieces of information: (1) it illustrates a refuge's contribution to the local community; and (2) it can help in determining whether local economic effects are or are not a real concern in choosing among management alternatives.\r\n\r\nIt is important to note that the economic value of a refuge encompasses more than just the impacts of the regional economy. Refuges also provide substantial nonmarket values (values for items not exchanged in established markets), such as maintaining endangered species, preserving wetlands, educating future generations, and adding stability to the ecosystem. However, quantifying these types of nonmarket values was beyond the scope of this study because of time and budget constraints.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20091247","usgsCitation":"Koontz, L., Sexton, N., and Donovan, R., 2009, Regional economic analysis of current and proposed management alternatives for Rappahannock River Valley National Wildlife Refuge: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1247, iv, 17 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20091247.","productDescription":"iv, 17 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":126400,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2009_1247.jpg"},{"id":14025,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2009/1247/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a60e4b07f02db63508d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Koontz, Lynne koontzl@usgs.gov","contributorId":2174,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Koontz","given":"Lynne","email":"koontzl@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":7016,"text":"Environmental Quality Division, National Park Service, Fort Collins, Colorado","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":305940,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sexton, Natalie","contributorId":103320,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sexton","given":"Natalie","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305942,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Donovan, Ryan","contributorId":35839,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Donovan","given":"Ryan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305941,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":5224967,"text":"5224967 - 2009 - Assessing allowable take of migratory birds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-15T14:38:06","indexId":"5224967","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:37","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessing allowable take of migratory birds","docAbstract":"Legal removal of migratory birds from the wild occurs for several reasons, including subsistence, sport harvest, damage control, and the pet trade. We argue that harvest theory provides the basis for assessing the impact of authorized take, advance a simplified rendering of harvest theory known as potential biological removal as a useful starting point for assessing take, and demonstrate this approach with a case study of depredation control of black vultures (Coragyps atratus) in Virginia, USA. Based on data from the North American Breeding Bird Survey and other sources, we estimated that the black vulture population in Virginia was 91,190 (95% credible interval = 44,520?212,100) in 2006. Using a simple population model and available estimates of life-history parameters, we estimated the intrinsic rate of growth (rmax) to be in the range 7?14%, with 10.6% a plausible point estimate. For a take program to seek an equilibrium population size on the conservative side of the yield curve, the rate of take needs to be less than that which achieves a maximum sustained yield (0.5 x rmax). Based on the point estimate for rmax and using the lower 60% credible interval for population size to account for uncertainty, these conditions would be met if the take of black vultures in Virginia in 2006 was < 3,533 birds. Based on regular monitoring data, allowable harvest should be adjusted annually to reflect changes in population size. To initiate discussion about how this assessment framework could be related to the laws and regulations that govern authorization of such take, we suggest that the Migratory Bird Treaty Act requires only that take of native migratory birds be sustainable in the long-term, that is, sustained harvest rate should be < rmax. Further, the ratio of desired harvest rate to 0.5 x rmax may be a useful metric for ascertaining the applicability of specific requirements of the National Environmental Protection Act.","language":"English","publisher":"The Wildlife Society","doi":"10.2193/2008-090","usgsCitation":"Runge, M., Sauer, J., Avery, M., Blackwell, B., and Koneff, M., 2009, Assessing allowable take of migratory birds: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 73, no. 4, p. 556-565, https://doi.org/10.2193/2008-090.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"556","endPage":"565","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":202635,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"73","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-12-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abbe4b07f02db672b11","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Runge, M.C. 0000-0002-8081-536X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8081-536X","contributorId":49312,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Runge","given":"M.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":343324,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sauer, J.R. 0000-0002-4557-3019","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4557-3019","contributorId":66197,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sauer","given":"J.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":343325,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Avery, M.L.","contributorId":6006,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Avery","given":"M.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":343321,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Blackwell, B.F.","contributorId":45039,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blackwell","given":"B.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":343323,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Koneff, M.D.","contributorId":37031,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koneff","given":"M.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":343322,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":5224969,"text":"5224969 - 2009 - Species richness and occupancy estimation in communities subject to temporary emigration","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-12-07T12:59:30","indexId":"5224969","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:37","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1465,"text":"Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Species richness and occupancy estimation in communities subject to temporary emigration","docAbstract":"

Species richness is the most common biodiversity metric, although typically some species remain unobserved. Therefore, estimates of species richness and related quantities should account for imperfect detectability. Community dynamics can often be represented as superposition of species-specific phenologies (e. g., in taxa with well-defined flight [insects], activity [rodents], or vegetation periods [plants]). We develop a model for such predictably open communities wherein species richness is expressed as the sum over observed and unobserved species of estimated species-specific and site-specific occurrence indicators and where seasonal occurrence is modeled as a species-specific function of time. Our model is a multispecies extension of a multistate model with one unobservable state and represents a parsimonious way of dealing with a widespread form of 'temporary emigration.'' For illustration we use Swiss butterfly monitoring data collected under a robust design (RD); species were recorded on 13 transects during two secondary periods within <= 7 primary sampling periods. We compare estimates with those under a variation of the model applied to standard data, where secondary samples are pooled. The latter model yielded unrealistically high estimates of total community size of 274 species. In contrast, estimates were similar under models applied to RD data with constant (122) or seasonally varying (126) detectability for each species, but the former was more parsimonious and therefore used for inference. Per transect, 6 44 (mean 21.1) species were detected. Species richness estimates averaged 29.3; therefore only 71% (range 32-92%) of all species present were ever detected. In any primary period, 0.4-5.6 species present were overlooked. Detectability varied by species and averaged 0.88 per primary sampling period. Our modeling framework is extremely flexible; extensions such as covariates for the occurrence or detectability of individual species are easy. It should be useful for communities with a predictable form of temporary emigration where rigorous estimation of community metrics has proved challenging so far.

","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1890/07-1794.1","usgsCitation":"Kery, M., Royle, J., Plattner, M., and Dorazio, R., 2009, Species richness and occupancy estimation in communities subject to temporary emigration: Ecology, v. 90, no. 5, p. 1279-1290, https://doi.org/10.1890/07-1794.1.","productDescription":"1279-1290","startPage":"1279","endPage":"1290","numberOfPages":"12","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476005,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1890/07-1794.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":201531,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"90","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e2e4b07f02db5e4bcd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kery, M.","contributorId":46637,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kery","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":343329,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Royle, J. Andrew 0000-0003-3135-2167","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3135-2167","contributorId":96221,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Royle","given":"J. Andrew","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":343331,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Plattner, M.","contributorId":76045,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plattner","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":343330,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dorazio, R.M. 0000-0003-2663-0468","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2663-0468","contributorId":23475,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dorazio","given":"R.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":343328,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":5224961,"text":"5224961 - 2009 - Hierarchical models for estimating density from DNA mark-recapture studies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:32","indexId":"5224961","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:37","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1465,"text":"Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hierarchical models for estimating density from DNA mark-recapture studies","docAbstract":"Genetic sampling is increasingly used as a tool by wildlife biologists and managers to estimate abundance and density of species. Typically, DNA is used to identify individuals captured in an array of traps ( e. g., baited hair snares) from which individual encounter histories are derived. Standard methods for estimating the size of a closed population can be applied to such data. However, due to the movement of individuals on and off the trapping array during sampling, the area over which individuals are exposed to trapping is unknown, and so obtaining unbiased estimates of density has proved difficult. We propose a hierarchical spatial capture-recapture model which contains explicit models for the spatial point process governing the distribution of individuals and their exposure to (via movement) and detection by traps. Detection probability is modeled as a function of each individual's distance to the trap. We applied this model to a black bear (Ursus americanus) study conducted in 2006 using a hair-snare trap array in the Adirondack region of New York, USA. We estimated the density of bears to be 0.159 bears/km2, which is lower than the estimated density (0.410 bears/km2) based on standard closed population techniques. A Bayesian analysis of the model is fully implemented in the software program WinBUGS.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"7103_Gardner.pdf","usgsCitation":"Gardner, B., Royle, J., and Wegan, M., 2009, Hierarchical models for estimating density from DNA mark-recapture studies: Ecology, v. 90, no. 4, p. 1106-1115.","productDescription":"1106-1115","startPage":"1106","endPage":"1115","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":201499,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":17005,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.esajournals.org/doi/abs/10.1890/07-2112.1","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"volume":"90","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a61e4b07f02db635b19","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gardner, B.","contributorId":26793,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gardner","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":343302,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Royle, J. Andrew 0000-0003-3135-2167","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3135-2167","contributorId":96221,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Royle","given":"J. Andrew","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":343303,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wegan, M.T.","contributorId":22883,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wegan","given":"M.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":343301,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":5224974,"text":"5224974 - 2009 - Salamander occupancy in headwater stream networks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:07","indexId":"5224974","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:37","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1696,"text":"Freshwater Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Salamander occupancy in headwater stream networks","docAbstract":"1. Stream ecosystems exhibit a highly consistent dendritic geometry in which linear habitat units intersect to create a hierarchical network of connected branches. 2. Ecological and life history traits of species living in streams, such as the potential for overland movement, may interact with this architecture to shape patterns of occupancy and response to disturbance. Specifically, large-scale habitat alteration that fragments stream networks and reduces connectivity may reduce the probability a stream is occupied by sensitive species, such as stream salamanders. 3. We collected habitat occupancy data on four species of stream salamanders in first-order (i.e. headwater) streams in undeveloped and urbanised regions of the eastern U.S.A. We then used an information-theoretic approach to test alternative models of salamander occupancy based on a priori predictions of the effects of network configuration, region and salamander life history. 4. Across all four species, we found that streams connected to other first-order streams had higher occupancy than those flowing directly into larger streams and rivers. For three of the four species, occupancy was lower in the urbanised region than in the undeveloped region. 5. These results demonstrate that the spatial configuration of stream networks within protected areas affects the occurrences of stream salamander species. We strongly encourage preservation of network connections between first-order streams in conservation planning and management decisions that may affect stream species.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Freshwater Biology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"7125_Grant.pdf","usgsCitation":"Grant, E., Green, L., and Lowe, W., 2009, Salamander occupancy in headwater stream networks: Freshwater Biology, v. 54, no. 6, p. 1370-1378.","productDescription":"1370-1378","startPage":"1370","endPage":"1378","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198168,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":17012,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/122259004/abstract","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"volume":"54","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad3e4b07f02db682881","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grant, E.H.C. 0000-0003-4401-6496","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4401-6496","contributorId":87242,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grant","given":"E.H.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":343342,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Green, L.E.","contributorId":23249,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Green","given":"L.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":343341,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lowe, W.H.","contributorId":91961,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lowe","given":"W.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":343343,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":5220975,"text":"5220975 - 2009 - Conservation of northern bobwhite on private lands in Georgia, USA under uncertainty about landscape-level habitat effects","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:42","indexId":"5220975","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:36","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2602,"text":"Landscape Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Conservation of northern bobwhite on private lands in Georgia, USA under uncertainty about landscape-level habitat effects","docAbstract":"Large-scale habitat enhancement programs for birds are becoming more widespread, however, most lack monitoring to resolve uncertainties and enhance program impact over time. Georgia?s Bobwhite Quail Initiative (BQI) is a competitive, proposal-based system that provides incentives to landowners to establish habitat for northern bobwhites (Colinus virginianus). Using data from monitoring conducted in the program?s first years (1999?2001), we developed alternative hierarchical models to predict bobwhite abundance in response to program habitat modifications on local and regional scales. Effects of habitat and habitat management on bobwhite population response varied among geographical scales, but high measurement variability rendered the specific nature of these scaled effects equivocal. Under some models, BQI had positive impact at both local farm scales (1, 9 km2), particularly when practice acres were clustered, whereas other credible models indicated that bird response did not depend on spatial arrangement of practices. Thus, uncertainty about landscape-level effects of management presents a challenge to program managers who must decide which proposals to accept. We demonstrate that optimal selection decisions can be made despite this uncertainty and that uncertainty can be reduced over time, with consequent improvement in management efficacy. However, such an adaptive approach to BQI program implementation would require the reestablishment of monitoring of bobwhite abundance, an effort for which funding was discontinued in 2002. For landscape-level conservation programs generally, our approach demonstrates the value in assessing multiple scales of impact of habitat modification programs, and it reveals the utility of addressing management uncertainty through multiple decision models and system monitoring.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Landscape Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s10980-008-9320-x","collaboration":"7062_Howell.pdf","usgsCitation":"Howell, J., Moore, C., Conroy, M., Hamrick, R., Cooper, R., Thackston, R., and Carroll, J., 2009, Conservation of northern bobwhite on private lands in Georgia, USA under uncertainty about landscape-level habitat effects: Landscape Ecology, v. 24, no. 3, p. 405-418, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10980-008-9320-x.","productDescription":"405-418","startPage":"405","endPage":"418","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":16974,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10980-008-9320-x","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":197284,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"24","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-02-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b00e4b07f02db69840b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Howell, J.E.","contributorId":28694,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Howell","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":332791,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Moore, C. T. 0000-0002-6053-2880","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6053-2880","contributorId":87649,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"C. T.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":332793,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Conroy, M.J.","contributorId":84690,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conroy","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":332792,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hamrick, R.G.","contributorId":107815,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hamrick","given":"R.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":332795,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Cooper, R.J.","contributorId":89077,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cooper","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":332794,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Thackston, R.E.","contributorId":20036,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thackston","given":"R.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":332790,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Carroll, J.P.","contributorId":13718,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carroll","given":"J.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":332789,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":5224916,"text":"5224916 - 2009 - The influence of use-related, environmental, and managerial factors on soil loss from recreational trails","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-10-27T10:14:57","indexId":"5224916","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:36","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2258,"text":"Journal of Environmental Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The influence of use-related, environmental, and managerial factors on soil loss from recreational trails","docAbstract":"

Recreational uses of unsurfaced trails inevitably result in their degradation, with the type and extent of resource impact influenced by factors such as soil texture, topography, climate, trail design and maintenance, and type and amount of use. Of particular concern, the loss of soil through erosion is generally considered a significant and irreversible form of trail impact. This research investigated the influence of several use-related, environmental, and managerial factors on soil loss on recreational trails and roads at Big South Fork National River and Recreation Area, a unit of the U.S. National Park Service. Regression modeling revealed that trail position, trail slope alignment angle, grade, water drainage, and type of use are significant determinants of soil loss. The introduction of individual and groups of variables into a series of regression models provides improved understanding and insights regarding the relative influence of these variables, informing the selection of more effective trail management actions. Study results suggest that trail erosion can be minimized by avoiding “fall-line” alignments, steep grades, and valley-bottom alignments near streams, installing and maintaining adequate densities of tread drainage features, applying gravel to harden treads, and reducing horse and all-terrain vehicle use or restricting them to more resistant routes.

This research also sought to develop a more efficient Variable Cross-Sectional Area method for assessing soil loss on trails. This method permitted incorporation of CSA measures in a representative sampling scheme applied to a large (24%) sample of the park's 526 km trail system. The variety of soil loss measures derived from the Variable CSA method, including extrapolated trail-wide soil loss estimates, permit an objective quantification of soil erosion on recreational trails and roads. Such data support relational analyses to increase understanding of trail degradation, and long-term monitoring of the natural and recreational integrity of the trail system infrastructure.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jenvman.2008.10.004","usgsCitation":"Olive, N.D., and Marion, J.L., 2009, The influence of use-related, environmental, and managerial factors on soil loss from recreational trails: Journal of Environmental Management, v. 90, no. 3, p. 1483-1493, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2008.10.004.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"1483","endPage":"1493","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":202704,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"90","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a85e4b07f02db64d55f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Olive, Nathaniel D.","contributorId":95182,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olive","given":"Nathaniel","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":343144,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Marion, Jeffrey L.","contributorId":56322,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marion","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":343143,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5224954,"text":"5224954 - 2009 - Effect of distance-related heterogeneity on population size estimates from point counts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-07T14:21:01","indexId":"5224954","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:36","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3544,"text":"The Auk","onlineIssn":"1938-4254","printIssn":"0004-8038","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effect of distance-related heterogeneity on population size estimates from point counts","docAbstract":"Point counts are used widely to index bird populations. Variation in the proportion of birds counted is a known source of error, and for robust inference it has been advocated that counts be converted to estimates of absolute population size. We used simulation to assess nine methods for the conduct and analysis of point counts when the data included distance-related heterogeneity of individual detection probability. Distance from the observer is a ubiquitous source of heterogeneity, because nearby birds are more easily detected than distant ones. Several recent methods (dependent double-observer, time of first detection, time of detection, independent multiple-observer, and repeated counts) do not account for distance-related heterogeneity, at least in their simpler forms. We assessed bias in estimates of population size by simulating counts with fixed radius w over four time intervals (occasions). Detection probability per occasion was modeled as a half-normal function of distance with scale parameter sigma and intercept g(0) = 1.0. Bias varied with sigma/w; values of sigma inferred from published studies were often <25 m, which suggests a bias of >50% for a 100-m fixed-radius count. More critically, the bias of adjusted counts sometimes varied more than that of unadjusted counts, and inference from adjusted counts would be less robust. The problem was not solved by using mixture models or including distance as a covariate. Conventional distance sampling performed well in simulations, but its assumptions are difficult to meet in the field. We conclude that no existing method allows effective estimation of population size from point counts.","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornithological Society","doi":"10.1525/auk.2009.07197","usgsCitation":"Efford, M.G., and Dawson, D.K., 2009, Effect of distance-related heterogeneity on population size estimates from point counts: The Auk, v. 126, no. 1, p. 100-111, https://doi.org/10.1525/auk.2009.07197.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"100","endPage":"111","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476007,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1525/auk.2009.07197","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":202124,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"126","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4be4b07f02db6257c1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Efford, Murray G.","contributorId":91616,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Efford","given":"Murray","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":343272,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dawson, Deanna K. ddawson@usgs.gov","contributorId":1257,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dawson","given":"Deanna","email":"ddawson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":343273,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5224871,"text":"5224871 - 2009 - Species differences in the sensitivity of avian embryos to methylmercury","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:29","indexId":"5224871","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:36","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":887,"text":"Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Species differences in the sensitivity of avian embryos to methylmercury","docAbstract":"We injected doses of methylmercury into the air cells of eggs of 26 species of birds and examined the dose-response curves of embryo survival. For 23 species we had adequate data to calculate the median lethal concentration (LC50). Based on the dose-response curves and LC50s, we ranked species according to their sensitivity to injected methylmercury. Although the previously published embryotoxic threshold of mercury in game farm mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) has been used as a default value to protect wild species of birds, we found that, relative to other species, mallard embryos are not very sensitive to injected methylmercury; their LC50 was 1.79 ug/g mercury on a wet-weight basis. Other species we categorized as also exhibiting relatively low sensitivity to injected methylmercury (their LC50s were 1 ug/g mercury or higher) were the hooded merganser (Lophodytes cucullatus), lesser scaup (Aythya affinis), Canada goose (Branta canadensis), double-crested cormorant (Phalacrocorax auritus), and laughing gull (Larus atricilla). Species we categorized as having medium sensitivity (their LC50s were greater than 0.25 ug/g mercury but less than 1 ug/g mercury) were the clapper rail (Rallus longirostris), sandhill crane (Grus canadensis), ring-necked pheasant (Phasianus colchicus), chicken (Gallus gallus), common grackle (Quiscalus quiscula), tree swallow (Tachycineta bicolor), herring gull (Larus argentatus), common tern (S terna hirundo), royal tern (Sterna maxima), Caspian tern (Sterna caspia), great egret (Ardea alba), brown pelican (Pelecanus occidentalis), and anhinga (Anhinga anhinga). Species we categorized as exhibiting high sensitivity (their LC50s were less than 0.25 ug/g mercury) were the American kestrel (Falco sparverius), osprey (Pandion haliaetus), white ibis (Eudocimus albus), snowy egret (Egretta thula), and tri-colored heron (Egretta tricolor). For mallards, chickens, and ring-necked pheasants (all species for which we could compare the toxicity of our injected methylmercury with that of published reports where methylmercury was fed to breeding adults and was deposited into the egg by the mother), we found the injected mercury to be more toxic than the same amount of mercury deposited naturally by the mother. The rank order of sensitivity of these same three species to methylmercury was, however, the same whether the methylmercury was injected or maternally deposited in the egg (i.e., the ring-necked pheasant was more sensitive than the chicken, which was more sensitive than the mallard). It is important to note that the dose-response curves and LC50s derived from our egg injections are useful for ranking the sensitivities of various species but are not identical to the LC50s that would be observed if the mother bird had put the same concentrations of mercury into her eggs; the LC50s of maternally deposited methylmercury would be higher.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"6932_Heinz.pdf","usgsCitation":"Heinz, G.H., Hoffman, D.J., Klimstra, J., Stebbins, K., Kondrad, S., and Erwin, C.A., 2009, Species differences in the sensitivity of avian embryos to methylmercury: Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 56, no. 1, p. 129-138.","productDescription":"129-138","startPage":"129","endPage":"138","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":202504,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":16968,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.springerlink.com/content/vt76166l878vh5g1/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"volume":"56","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac8e4b07f02db67be23","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Heinz, G. H.","contributorId":85905,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heinz","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342968,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hoffman, D. J.","contributorId":12801,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoffman","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342964,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Klimstra, J.D.","contributorId":62328,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klimstra","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342967,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stebbins, K.R.","contributorId":55558,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stebbins","given":"K.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342965,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kondrad, S. L.","contributorId":57574,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kondrad","given":"S. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342966,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Erwin, C. A.","contributorId":104193,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Erwin","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342969,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":5224914,"text":"5224914 - 2009 - A hierarchical model for estimating density in camera-trap studies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-10-27T10:10:23","indexId":"5224914","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:36","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2163,"text":"Journal of Applied Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A hierarchical model for estimating density in camera-trap studies","docAbstract":"
  1. Estimating animal density using capture–recapture data from arrays of detection devices such as camera traps has been problematic due to the movement of individuals and heterogeneity in capture probability among them induced by differential exposure to trapping.
  2. We develop a spatial capture–recapture model for estimating density from camera-trapping data which contains explicit models for the spatial point process governing the distribution of individuals and their exposure to and detection by traps.
  3. We adopt a Bayesian approach to analysis of the hierarchical model using the technique of data augmentation.
  4. The model is applied to photographic capture–recapture data on tigers Panthera tigris in Nagarahole reserve, India. Using this model, we estimate the density of tigers to be 14·3 animals per 100 km2 during 2004.
  5. Synthesis and applications. Our modelling framework largely overcomes several weaknesses in conventional approaches to the estimation of animal density from trap arrays. It effectively deals with key problems such as individual heterogeneity in capture probabilities, movement of traps, presence of potential ‘holes’ in the array and ad hoc estimation of sample area. The formulation, thus, greatly enhances flexibility in the conduct of field surveys as well as in the analysis of data, from studies that may involve physical, photographic or DNA-based ‘captures’ of individual animals.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2664.2008.01578.x","usgsCitation":"Royle, J., Nichols, J., Karanth, K., and Gopalaswamy, A., 2009, A hierarchical model for estimating density in camera-trap studies: Journal of Applied Ecology, v. 46, no. 1, p. 118-127, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2664.2008.01578.x.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"118","endPage":"127","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476006,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2664.2008.01578.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":202632,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"46","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-01-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6ae4a9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Royle, J. Andrew 0000-0003-3135-2167","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3135-2167","contributorId":96221,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Royle","given":"J. Andrew","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":343138,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nichols, James D. jnichols@usgs.gov","contributorId":139082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"James D.","email":"jnichols@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":343136,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Karanth, K.Ullas","contributorId":112954,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Karanth","given":"K.Ullas","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":343137,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gopalaswamy, Arjun M.","contributorId":12167,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gopalaswamy","given":"Arjun M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":343139,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":5224869,"text":"5224869 - 2009 - Analysis of capture–recapture models with individual covariates using data augmentation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-22T13:21:33.258129","indexId":"5224869","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:36","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1039,"text":"Biometrics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Analysis of capture–recapture models with individual covariates using data augmentation","docAbstract":"

I consider the analysis of capture–recapture models with individual covariates that influence detection probability. Bayesian analysis of the joint likelihood is carried out using a flexible data augmentation scheme that facilitates analysis by Markov chain Monte Carlo methods, and a simple and straightforward implementation in freely available software. This approach is applied to a study of meadow voles (Microtus pennsylvanicus) in which auxiliary data on a continuous covariate (body mass) are recorded, and it is thought that detection probability is related to body mass. In a second example, the model is applied to an aerial waterfowl survey in which a double‐observer protocol is used. The fundamental unit of observation is the cluster of individual birds, and the size of the cluster (a discrete covariate) is used as a covariate on detection probability.

","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1541-0420.2008.01038.x","usgsCitation":"Royle, J., 2009, Analysis of capture–recapture models with individual covariates using data augmentation: Biometrics, v. 65, no. 1, p. 267-274, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1541-0420.2008.01038.x.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"267","endPage":"274","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":383405,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"65","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-03-17","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acfe4b07f02db680660","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Royle, J. Andrew 0000-0003-3135-2167","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3135-2167","contributorId":96221,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Royle","given":"J. Andrew","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342958,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5224937,"text":"5224937 - 2009 - Multistate models for estimation of survival and reproduction in the Grey-headed Albatross (Thalassarche chrysostoma)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-07T14:24:20","indexId":"5224937","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:36","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3544,"text":"The Auk","onlineIssn":"1938-4254","printIssn":"0004-8038","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Multistate models for estimation of survival and reproduction in the Grey-headed Albatross (Thalassarche chrysostoma)","docAbstract":"

Reliable information on demography is necessary for conservation of albatrosses, the most threatened family of pelagic birds. Albatross survival has been estimated using mark-recapture data and the Cormack-Jolly-Seber (CJS) model. However, albatross exhibit skipped breeding, violating assumptions of the CJS model. Multistate modeling integrating unobservable states is a promising tool for such situations. We applied multistate models to data on Grey-headed Albatross (Talassarche chrysostoma) to evaluate model performance and describe demographic patterns. These included a multistate equivalent of the CJS model (MS-2), including successful and failed breeding states and ignoring temporary emigration, and three versions of a four-state multistate model that accounts for temporary emigration by integrating unobservable states: a model (MS-4) with one sample per breeding season, a robust design model (RDMS-4) with multiple samples per season and geographic closure within the season, and an open robust design model (ORDMS-4) with multiple samples per season and staggered entry and exit of animals within the season. Survival estimates from the MS-2 model were higher than those from the MS-4 model, which resulted in apparent percent relative bias averaging 2.2%. The ORDMS-4 model was more appropriate than the RDMS-4 model, given that staggered entry and exit occurred. Annual survival probability for Greyheaded Albatross at Marion Island was 0.951 ± 0.006 (SE), and the probability of skipped breeding in a subsequent year averaged 0.938 for successful and 0.163 for failed breeders. We recommend that multistate models with unobservable states, combined with robust-design sampling, be used in studies of species that exhibit temporary emigration.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornithological Society","doi":"10.1525/auk.2009.07189","usgsCitation":"Converse, S.J., Kendall, W.L., Doherty, P.F., and Ryan, P.G., 2009, Multistate models for estimation of survival and reproduction in the Grey-headed Albatross (Thalassarche chrysostoma): The Auk, v. 126, no. 1, p. 77-88, https://doi.org/10.1525/auk.2009.07189.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"77","endPage":"88","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":487123,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1525/auk.2009.07189","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":202188,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"126","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b48d1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Converse, Sarah J. 0000-0002-3719-5441 sconverse@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3719-5441","contributorId":3513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Converse","given":"Sarah","email":"sconverse@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":343213,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kendall, William L. wkendall@usgs.gov","contributorId":406,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kendall","given":"William","email":"wkendall@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":343212,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Doherty, Paul F. Jr.","contributorId":37636,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Doherty","given":"Paul","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":6621,"text":"Colorado State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":343214,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ryan, Peter G. 0000-0002-3356-2056","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3356-2056","contributorId":149037,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ryan","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":343211,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":5224935,"text":"5224935 - 2009 - Monitoring multiple species: Estimating state variables and exploring the efficacy of a monitoring program","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:32","indexId":"5224935","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:36","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1015,"text":"Biological Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Monitoring multiple species: Estimating state variables and exploring the efficacy of a monitoring program","docAbstract":"Monitoring programs have the potential to identify population declines and differentiate among the possible cause(s) of these declines. Recent criticisms regarding the design of monitoring programs have highlighted a failure to clearly state objectives and to address detectability and spatial sampling issues. Here, we incorporate these criticisms to design an efficient monitoring program whose goals are to determine environmental factors which influence the current distribution and measure change in distributions over time for a suite of amphibians. In designing the study we (1) specified a priori factors that may relate to occupancy, extinction, and colonization probabilities and (2) used the data collected (incorporating detectability) to address our scientific questions and adjust our sampling protocols. Our results highlight the role of wetland hydroperiod and other local covariates in the probability of amphibian occupancy. There was a change in overall occupancy probabilities for most species over the first three years of monitoring. Most colonization and extinction estimates were constant over time (years) and space (among wetlands), with one notable exception: local extinction probabilities for Rana clamitans were lower for wetlands with longer hydroperiods. We used information from the target system to generate scenarios of population change and gauge the ability of the current sampling to meet monitoring goals. Our results highlight the limitations of the current sampling design, emphasizing the need for long-term efforts, with periodic re-evaluation of the program in a framework that can inform management decisions.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Biological Conservation","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","doi":"10.1016/j.biocon.2008.12.002","collaboration":"7049_Mattfeldt.pdf","usgsCitation":"Mattfeldt, S., Bailey, L., and Grant, E., 2009, Monitoring multiple species: Estimating state variables and exploring the efficacy of a monitoring program: Biological Conservation, v. 142, no. 4, p. 720-737, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2008.12.002.","productDescription":"720-737","startPage":"720","endPage":"737","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":16982,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2008.12.002","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":202267,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"142","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4fe4b07f02db6286a9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mattfeldt, S.D.","contributorId":80377,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mattfeldt","given":"S.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":343207,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bailey, L.L. 0000-0002-5959-2018","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5959-2018","contributorId":61006,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bailey","given":"L.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":343206,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Grant, E.H.C. 0000-0003-4401-6496","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4401-6496","contributorId":87242,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grant","given":"E.H.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":343208,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":5224947,"text":"5224947 - 2009 - Sampling design considerations for demographic studies: a case of colonial seabirds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-16T14:11:01","indexId":"5224947","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:36","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1450,"text":"Ecological Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sampling design considerations for demographic studies: a case of colonial seabirds","docAbstract":"

For the purposes of making many informed conservation decisions, the main goal for data collection is to assess population status and allow prediction of the consequences of candidate management actions. Reducing the bias and variance of estimates of population parameters reduces uncertainty in population status and projections, thereby reducing the overall uncertainty under which a population manager must make a decision. In capture-recapture studies, imperfect detection of individuals, unobservable life-history states, local movement outside study areas, and tag loss can cause bias or precision problems with estimates of population parameters. Furthermore, excessive disturbance to individuals during capture?recapture sampling may be of concern because disturbance may have demographic consequences. We address these problems using as an example a monitoring program for Black-footed Albatross (Phoebastria nigripes) and Laysan Albatross (Phoebastria immutabilis) nesting populations in the northwestern Hawaiian Islands. To mitigate these estimation problems, we describe a synergistic combination of sampling design and modeling approaches. Solutions include multiple capture periods per season and multistate, robust design statistical models, dead recoveries and incidental observations, telemetry and data loggers, buffer areas around study plots to neutralize the effect of local movements outside study plots, and double banding and statistical models that account for band loss. We also present a variation on the robust capture?recapture design and a corresponding statistical model that minimizes disturbance to individuals. For the albatross case study, this less invasive robust design was more time efficient and, when used in combination with a traditional robust design, reduced the standard error of detection probability by 14% with only two hours of additional effort in the field. These field techniques and associated modeling approaches are applicable to studies of most taxa being marked and in some cases have individually been applied to studies of birds, fish, herpetofauna, and mammals.

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The datasets are made available for use as a management tool to research scientists and natural-resource managers. An innovative scanning lidar instrument originally developed by NASA, and known as the Airborne Topographic Mapper (ATM), was used during data acquisition. The ATM system is a scanning lidar system that measures high-resolution topography of the land surface and incorporates a green-wavelength laser operating at pulse rates of 2 to 10 kilohertz. Measurements from the laser-ranging device are coupled with data acquired from inertial navigation system (INS) attitude sensors and differentially corrected global positioning system (GPS) receivers to measure topography of the surface at accuracies of +/-15 centimeters. The nominal ATM platform is a Twin Otter or P-3 Orion aircraft, but the instrument may be deployed on a range of light aircraft.\r\n\r\nElevation measurements were collected over the survey area using the ATM system, and the resulting data were then processed using the Airborne Lidar Processing System (ALPS), a custom-built processing system developed in a NASA-USGS collaboration. ALPS supports the exploration and processing of lidar data in an interactive or batch mode. Modules for presurvey flight-line definition, flight-path plotting, lidar raster and waveform investigation, and digital camera image playback have been developed. Processing algorithms have been developed to extract the range to the first and last significant return within each waveform. 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The datasets are made available for use as a management tool to research scientists and natural-resource managers. An innovative scanning lidar instrument originally developed by NASA, and known as the Airborne Topographic Mapper (ATM), was used during data acquisition. The ATM system is a scanning lidar system that measures high-resolution topography of the land surface and incorporates a green-wavelength laser operating at pulse rates of 2 to 10 kilohertz. Measurements from the laser-ranging device are coupled with data acquired from inertial navigation system (INS) attitude sensors and differentially corrected global positioning system (GPS) receivers to measure topography of the surface at accuracies of +/-15 centimeters. 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