The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Idaho Department of Environmental Quality, sampled groundwater from 15 wells during spring 2018 near the city of Marsing in rural northwestern Owyhee County, southwestern Idaho. Samples were analyzed for field parameters, nutrients, trace elements, major inorganics, and dissolved gas, including methane. To examine trends in individual wells and in the region, ammonia and nitrate results from the spring 2018 sampling were compared with data collected from 1996 to 2015 by the Idaho Department of Environmental Quality and the Idaho State Department of Agriculture.
Fourteen of the 15 samples collected in 2018 contained arsenic (0.13–33.8 micrograms per liter [μg/L]), with 7 arsenic concentrations greater than the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) maximum contaminant level (MCL) of 10 μg/L. Iron (465–4,180 μg/L), manganese (54–693 μg/L), sulfate (300–624 milligrams per liter [mg/L]), and total dissolved solids (511–1,350 mg/L) were detected at concentrations greater than EPA secondary maximum contaminant levels (SMCL) in water-quality samples from 6, 10, 4, and 14 of the 15 wells, respectively. Fourteen of the 15 samples contained ammonia concentrations from 0.12 to 7.34 milligrams per liter (mg/L). Six samples contained nitrate concentrations from 0.08 to 24.6 mg/L, with one sample greater than the EPA MCL of 10 mg/L for drinking water. The presence of both ammonia and nitrate in four samples indicated multiple nutrient and groundwater sources and varying redox states. Ammonia concentrations tended to increase downgradient throughout the study area.
Nutrient trend analysis identified water-quality samples from 2 of the 15 wells with increasing nitrate concentrations from 1999–2018 and 2005–2018. The well with increasing nitrate concentrations from 2005–2018 showed a decreasing trend in ammonia concentrations during the same time period. Groundwater-quality samples from the 13 remaining wells showed no temporal trends. A Regional Kendall test, which evaluates trends at numerous wells across the study area to determine if a consistent trend exists for the area, was done to analyze 539 ammonia concentrations from 91 wells over 20 years (1999–2018) and 591 nitrate concentrations from 107 wells over 23 years (1996–2018). The Regional Kendall Test for ammonia had a tau correlation coefficient of -0.073 with a p-value of 0.072, and nitrate had a tau correlation coefficient of -0.041 with a p-value of 0.198, both indicating no statistically significant trends.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20191032","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Idaho Department of Environmental Quality","usgsCitation":"Skinner, K.D., 2019, Groundwater quality and nutrient trends near Marsing, southwestern Idaho, 2018: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2019-1032, 23 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20191032.","productDescription":" iv, 24 p.","numberOfPages":"32","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-095202","costCenters":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":362894,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2019/1032/ofr20191032.pdf","text":"Report","size":"27.3 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2019-1032"},{"id":362893,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2019/1032/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","otherGeospatial":"Marsing","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116.94345474243164,\n 43.523410314985455\n ],\n [\n -116.7856979370117,\n 43.523410314985455\n ],\n [\n -116.7856979370117,\n 43.60687218565255\n ],\n [\n -116.94345474243164,\n 43.60687218565255\n ],\n [\n -116.94345474243164,\n 43.523410314985455\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Idaho Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
230 Collins Rd
Boise, Idaho 83702-4520
In support of the goals of the Coachella Valley Multiple Species Habitat Conservation Plan and Natural Community Conservation Plan (CVMSHCP/NCCP), a population of Agassiz’s desert tortoises (Gopherus agassizii) was marked and studied to establish a desert tortoise monitoring program near the Orocopia Mountains beginning in early 2017 and ending in the summer of 2018, following the epic drought of 2012‒2016. This effort compliments a similar effort in the nearby mouth of Cottonwood Canyon in 2015‒2016. Surveys were performed to locate tortoises, tortoise burrows, and tortoise remains at the eastern end of the CVMSHCP area north of the Orocopia Mountains and south of Interstate 10 in Riverside County, California. Although the area is considered Critical Habitat for the recovery of tortoise populations, it was heavily impacted by military training activities in the early 1940s and continues to be impacted by off-highway vehicle use. Data were collected from all live and dead tortoise specimens encountered. Only 22 live tortoises were found during transects covering approximately 21 km2 of habitat surveyed. The sex ratio of live adult tortoises was strongly biased toward males and the sex ratio of recently (4‒5 years) dead carcasses during the long drought was strongly biased toward females. High female mortality may have resulted from the interaction of drought (including increased predation) and the reproductive strategy of tortoises. We located only one new live tortoise in the drought year of 2018 when there was no germination of winter annual food plants. A subsample of nine tortoises was outfitted with radio transmitters, and females (n = 4) were X-radiographed at approximately 10-day intervals from April–July. Mean clutch size was about 4 eggs as is typical for tortoises in this region. Additional tortoises were located opportunistically in and around the Santa Rosa Mountains (located in the southern end of the CVMSHCP area), and these tortoises were also marked for future identification. Blood samples were taken from adult tortoises and scute clips were taken from a subset of juveniles for ongoing studies to determine genetic diversity and relationships of desert tortoises within the CVMSHCP/NCCP area and beyond. The low tortoise density and high adult female mortality observed by us and others in the area may compromise the long-term viability of the population, especially given published predictions of the negative effects of future droughts on tortoises in the region.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"2019 Annual Report: Coachella Valley multiple species conservation plan/natural community conservation plan","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Coachella Valley Conservation Commission","usgsCitation":"Lovich, J.E., Puffer, S., and Cummings, K.L., 2019, Establishing an Agassiz’s Desert Tortoise monitoring program within the Coachella Valley multiple species habitat conservation plan area: Final report to the Coachella Valley conservation commission on work performed near the Orocopia Mountains, chap. Appendix 12 of 2019 Annual Report: Coachella Valley multiple species conservation plan/natural community conservation plan, 32 p.","productDescription":"32 p.","ipdsId":"IP-107821","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":375184,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":367273,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.cvmshcp.org"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Coachella Valley, Orocopia Mountains","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116.62399291992186,\n 33.91715274008259\n ],\n [\n -116.62811279296875,\n 33.91259414191221\n ],\n [\n -116.40701293945311,\n 33.72548184547877\n ],\n [\n -116.22299194335938,\n 33.55398457177033\n ],\n [\n -116.12686157226561,\n 33.47269019266663\n ],\n [\n -116.02798461914061,\n 33.58831134490155\n ],\n [\n -115.98403930664061,\n 33.735760815044635\n ],\n [\n -116.17904663085938,\n 33.881817226884806\n ],\n [\n -116.58279418945312,\n 34.01396527491264\n ],\n [\n -116.62399291992186,\n 33.91715274008259\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lovich, Jeffrey E. 0000-0002-7789-2831 jeffrey_lovich@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7789-2831","contributorId":458,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lovich","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jeffrey_lovich@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":770444,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Puffer, Shellie R. 0000-0003-4957-0963","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4957-0963","contributorId":193099,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Puffer","given":"Shellie R.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":770445,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cummings, Kristy L. 0000-0002-8316-5059","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8316-5059","contributorId":202061,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cummings","given":"Kristy","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":770446,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70212608,"text":"70212608 - 2019 - Biases in the literature on direct wildlife mortality from energy development","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-08-24T13:41:37.897542","indexId":"70212608","displayToPublicDate":"2019-04-10T08:38:24","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":997,"text":"BioScience","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Biases in the literature on direct wildlife mortality from energy development","docAbstract":"Comparing environmental impacts of different energy sources can inform energy investments and environmental conservation. Direct wildlife mortality from energy development receives substantial public and scientific attention, but it is unclear whether rigorous comparisons of mortality among energy sources are possible. To address this question, we compared availability of mortality studies among energy sources, wildlife groups, and regions, and assessed comparability of mortality indicators measured. Whereas wind and hydropower have received substantial mortality research exceeding their proportional contributions to global energy production, coal, oil and gas, and bioenergy have received fewer studies and are underrepresented relative to their contributions. Furthermore, research is biased toward birds and fish and North America and Europe, and there are inconsistencies among energy sources and limited replication of most indicators measured. These results indicate that rigorous comparisons of direct wildlife mortality among energy sources are not currently possible and highlight research needs for improving understanding of energy's environmental impacts.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1093/biosci/biz026","usgsCitation":"Loss, S., Dorning, M., and Diffendorfer, J., 2019, Biases in the literature on direct wildlife mortality from energy development: BioScience, v. 69, no. 5, p. 348-359, https://doi.org/10.1093/biosci/biz026.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"348","endPage":"359","ipdsId":"IP-101577","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":377783,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"69","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-04-10","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Loss, Scott R.","contributorId":239494,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Loss","given":"Scott R.","affiliations":[{"id":7249,"text":"Oklahoma State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":797069,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dorning, Monica 0000-0002-7576-1256 mdorning@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7576-1256","contributorId":191772,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dorning","given":"Monica","email":"mdorning@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":797070,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Diffendorfer, James E. 0000-0003-1093-6948 jediffendorfer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1093-6948","contributorId":3208,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Diffendorfer","given":"James E.","email":"jediffendorfer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":797071,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70199531,"text":"ofr20181142 - 2019 - Hurricane Sandy impacts on coastal wetland resilience","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-04T18:51:22.151859","indexId":"ofr20181142","displayToPublicDate":"2019-04-10T08:15:00","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2018-1142","displayTitle":"Hurricane Sandy Impacts on Coastal Wetland Resilience","title":"Hurricane Sandy impacts on coastal wetland resilience","docAbstract":"The goal of this research was to evaluate the impacts of Hurricane Sandy on surface elevation trends in estuarine marshes located across the northeast region of the United States from Virginia to Maine using data from an opportunistic (in other words, not strategic) and collaborative network (from here on, an opportunistic network) of surface elevation table-marker horizon (SET-MH) stations. First, we built a data-base of metadata for 965 individual stations from 96 unique geographical locations that included the location, geomorphic setting, and wetland type for each SET-MH station. The dominant estuarine settings included in the analyses were back-barrier lagoonal marshes and emergent marshes along embayments and tidal tributaries. We then calculated prestorm elevation trends to compare to poststorm elevation measurements to determine the storm impact on each station trend. We hypothesized that the effect of Hurricane Sandy on marsh elevation trends would differ by position relative to landfall (right or left) and distance from landfall in southern New Jersey, as both of these variables influence the presence or absence of storm surge as a result of the physical characteristics of tropical cyclones (in other words, strongest winds typically occur to the right of landfall). Storm surge was spatially less extensive and less deep (~1 meter [m]) in marshes located to the left (in other words, south) of landfall compared to marshes located to the right (in other words, north) of landfall where storm surge covered a larger area and was deeper (3–4 m). About 63 percent of 223 eligible stations had a poststorm trend that was similar to the prestorm trend (in other words, less than ±5 millimeters [mm]), indicating little storm impact on elevation trends at those sites. The remaining 37 percent of stations exhibited significant poststorm deviations from the prestorm trend (in other words, greater than ±5 mm). Of these, stations located to the left of landfall had a significant and greater deviation in their elevation trend, and the deviation was more likely to be positive (elevation gain) compared to marshes located to the right of landfall, which had a significant deviation in their elevation trend that was more likely to be negative (elevation loss). This finding is directly related to storm surge impacts on marsh sediment deposition, where deep storm surge (3–4 m) results in sediment deposition in habitats inland of coastal marshes but less so in the marshes themselves. Substrate compaction by the storm surge over-burden may have contributed to elevation loss, but this was not measured because sufficient marker horizon data were not available for analysis. In contrast, to the left of landfall the wind-driven flooding of sediment laden water pushed into the headwaters of rivers and small bays with an ~1 m surge, and resulted in more prevalent sediment deposition on the marsh surfaces and elevation gain. In general, the findings support previous research showing that the physical characteristics of the storm (for example, wind speed, storm surge height, impact angle of landfall) combined with the local wetland conditions (for example, marsh productivity, groundwater level, tide height) are important factors determining a storm’s impact on soil elevation, and that the soil elevation response can vary widely among multiple wetland sites impacted by the same storm and among different storms for the same wetland site.
The final objective of this project was to create a framework using metadata from the opportunistic network of SET-MH stations that could be used to develop a strategic monitoring network designed to address specific climate change impacts and related phenomena identified by land managers and stakeholders. We evaluated the spatial distribution and density of SET-MH stations in relation to geographic coverage, marsh setting, availability of public land, and historical storm surge footprints and hurricane return intervals in order to identify gaps in our understanding of risk and our ability to assess it. Analyses revealed that the general geographic coverage of SET-MH stations is limited given the low percentage of marsh patches with stations, low density of stations, the clumped distribution of stations, and the often limited and uneven distribution of stations in wetlands with a high historical frequency of hurricane strikes and storm surge impacts. These findings can be used by managers and planners to inform the creation of a strategic monitoring network that can, in turn, inform management and adaptation plans for coastal resources in the region. Final plan designs will need to consider financial and infrastructural support required for station maintenance, as well as data collection and management over the long term.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20181142","usgsCitation":"Cahoon, D.R., Olker, J.H., Yeates, A.G., Guntenspergen, G.R., Grace, J.B., Adamowicz, S.C., Anisfeld, S., Baldwin, A.H., Barrett, N., Beckett, L., Benzecry, A., Blum, L.K., Burdick, D.M., Crouch, W., Ekberg, M.C., Fernald, S., Grimes, K.W., Grzyb, J., Hartig, E.K., Kreeger, D.A., Larson, M., Lerberg, S., Lynch, J.C., Maher, N., Maxwell-Doyle, M., Mitchell, L.R., Mora, J., O’Neill, V., Padeletti, A., Prosser, D., Quirk, T., Raposa, K.B., Reay, W.G., Siok, D., Snow, C., Starke, A., Staver, L., Stevenson, J.C., and Turner, V., 2019, Hurricane Sandy impacts on coastal wetland resilience: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2018–1142, 117 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20181142.","productDescription":"xii, 117 p.","ipdsId":"IP-089853","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":362852,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2018/1142/ofr20181142.pdf","text":"Report","size":"30.1 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2018-1142"},{"id":362851,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2018/1142/coverthb1.jpg"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -93.251953125,\n 17.811456088564483\n ],\n [\n -70.9716796875,\n 17.811456088564483\n ],\n [\n -70.9716796875,\n 41.07935114946899\n ],\n [\n -93.251953125,\n 41.07935114946899\n ],\n [\n -93.251953125,\n 17.811456088564483\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Eastern Ecological Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
12311 Beech Forest Road
Laurel, MD 20708
Designing effective long-term monitoring strategies is essential for managing wildlife populations. Implementing a cost-effective, practical monitoring program is especially challenging for widespread but locally rare species. Early successional habitat preferred by the New England cottontail (NEC) has become increasingly rare and fragmented, resulting in substantial declines from their peak distribution in the mid-1900s. The introduction of a possible competitor species, the eastern cottontail (EC), may also have played a role. Uncertainty surrounding how these factors have contributed to NEC declines has complicated management and necessitated development of an appropriate monitoring framework to understand possible drivers of distribution and dynamics.
","language":"English","publisher":"CSIRO","doi":"10.1071/WR18058","usgsCitation":"Shea, C.P., Eaton, M.J., and MacKenzie, D.I., 2019, Implementation of an occupancy-based monitoring protocol for a wide-spread and cryptic species, the New England cottontail Sylvilagus transitionalis: Wildlife Research, https://doi.org/10.1071/WR18058.","ipdsId":"IP-088955","costCenters":[{"id":565,"text":"Southeast Climate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":467712,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1071/wr18058","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":363418,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shea, Colin P.","contributorId":140147,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shea","given":"Colin","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":13267,"text":"Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":761792,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Eaton, Mitchell J. 0000-0001-7324-6333","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7324-6333","contributorId":213526,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eaton","given":"Mitchell","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":565,"text":"Southeast Climate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":761791,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"MacKenzie, Darryl I.","contributorId":194669,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"MacKenzie","given":"Darryl","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":761793,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70203097,"text":"70203097 - 2019 - Annual survival, site fidelity, and longevity in the eastern coastal population of the Painted Bunting (Passerina ciris) based on a 20-year mark-recapture/resighting study","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-04-19T16:30:36","indexId":"70203097","displayToPublicDate":"2019-04-09T16:27:39","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3784,"text":"Wilson Journal of Ornithology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Annual survival, site fidelity, and longevity in the eastern coastal population of the Painted Bunting (Passerina ciris) based on a 20-year mark-recapture/resighting study","title":"Annual survival, site fidelity, and longevity in the eastern coastal population of the Painted Bunting (Passerina ciris) based on a 20-year mark-recapture/resighting study","docAbstract":"A long-term study of annual survival, longevity, and site fidelity in the eastern coastal population of the Painted Bunting (Passerina ciris) during the breeding season was conducted from 1999 through 2018 in the outer coastal plain of the southeastern Atlantic coast of the United States. Painted Buntings were uniquely color-banded from 1999 through 2003 at 40 study sites that were paired at 20 locations from southeastern North Carolina south to northeastern Florida. Survival analysis used capture histories through 2005 for 994 birds banded as hatch-year and 2420 birds banded as post-hatch-year (adults). Annual estimates of apparent survival (1999-2004) averaged 0.71 and 0.66 for adult males and females, respectively, and 0.33 for hatch-year birds. We did not find evidence that survival differed in relation to latitude or extent of human development near study sites, although estimates for adult females were higher for birds banded on sheltered islands compared to the mainland. Expected time in the population, based on estimated survival, was 3.9 and 3.4 years for adult males and females, respectively. The oldest observed birds were a 14-year old male observed in June 2016 at Harris Neck NWR, Georgia, the site at which he had been banded in July 2003 as a second-year bird, and a 13-year old male seen at Ft. George Island, Florida in June 2016, 2 km across a tidal estuary from the site where the bird was banded in August 2003 as hatch-year. The males were sighted at these two sites in 9 and 11 different years, respectively. Overall, 78% (males) and 81% (females) of re-sightings and re-captures of birds banded as adults occurred at the same study site where individuals were banded, compared to 59% (males) and 60% (females) of birds banded as hatch-year. Known mortalities of banded buntings included nine birds trapped for the caged-bird trade. This study shows the potential for high survival and longevity in the eastern coastal population of the Painted Bunting, and given evidence of high site fidelity in the breeding range, the vulnerability of the population to human development along the southeastern U.S. coast as well as to illegal trapping.","language":"English","publisher":"Wilson Ornithological Society","doi":"10.1676/18-56","usgsCitation":"Sykes, P.W., Freeman, M., Sykes, J.J., Seginak, J.T., M. David Oleyar, and Egan, J.P., 2019, Annual survival, site fidelity, and longevity in the eastern coastal population of the Painted Bunting (Passerina ciris) based on a 20-year mark-recapture/resighting study: Wilson Journal of Ornithology, v. 131, no. 1, p. 96-110, https://doi.org/10.1676/18-56.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"96","endPage":"110","ipdsId":"IP-093478","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":363086,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","volume":"131","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":10,"text":"Baltimore PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sykes, Paul W.","contributorId":214917,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sykes","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":761160,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Freeman, Mary 0000-0001-7615-6923 mcfreeman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7615-6923","contributorId":3528,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Freeman","given":"Mary","email":"mcfreeman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":761159,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sykes, Joan J.","contributorId":214918,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sykes","given":"Joan","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":761161,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Seginak, John T.","contributorId":191445,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Seginak","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":761162,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"M. David Oleyar","contributorId":214919,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"M. David Oleyar","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":761163,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Egan, Joshua P.","contributorId":214920,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Egan","given":"Joshua","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":761164,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70204090,"text":"70204090 - 2019 - The complex spatial distribution of trichloroethene and the probability of NAPL occurrence in the rock matrix of a mudstone aquifer","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-07-03T16:02:34","indexId":"70204090","displayToPublicDate":"2019-04-09T15:41:43","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2233,"text":"Journal of Contaminant Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The complex spatial distribution of trichloroethene and the probability of NAPL occurrence in the rock matrix of a mudstone aquifer","docAbstract":"Methanol extractions for chloroethene analyses are conducted on rock samples from seven closely spaced coreholes in a mudstone aquifer that was subject to releases of the nonaqueous phase liquid (NAPL) form of trichloroethene (TCE) between the 1950's and 1990's. Although TCE concentration in the rock matrix over the length of coreholes is dictated by proximity to subhorizontal bedding planefractures, elevated TCE concentrations in the rock matrix are not continuous along the most permeable bedding plane fractures. A complex configuration of subvertical and subhorizontal fractures appears to be responsible for the TCE distribution from prior TCE releases at land surface. Phase partitioning calculations of TCE in the rock matrix show that most TCE is adsorbed to solid surfaces because of the large fraction of organic carbon (foc) in the mudstone. Large TCE content in some cores indicate the likely presence of the NAPL form of TCE in the rock matrix. Using average values of porosity (n) and foc in phase partitioning calculations identifies a number of locations of possible NAPL occurrence in the rock matrix. Samples of mudstone analyzed for n and foc show variability in these properties over several orders of magnitude. Accounting for this variability in phase partitioning calculations identifies a probability of NAPL occurrence, PNAPL. The spatial variability of PNAPL along coreholes identifies a configuration that may be attributed to a TCE source zone that has evolved after emplacement due to NAPL dissolution, adsorption, and matrix diffusion.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jconhyd.2019.04.001","usgsCitation":"Shapiro, A.M., Goode, D.J., Imbrigiotta, T.E., Lorah, M.M., and Tiedeman, C.R., 2019, The complex spatial distribution of trichloroethene and the probability of NAPL occurrence in the rock matrix of a mudstone aquifer: Journal of Contaminant Hydrology, v. 233, 103478; 14 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jconhyd.2019.04.001.","productDescription":"103478; 14 p.","ipdsId":"IP-103048","costCenters":[{"id":374,"text":"Maryland Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":467713,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jconhyd.2019.04.001","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":437502,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7P55MD8","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Concentrations of Chlorinated Ethene Compounds in Rock Core Collected from the Mudstone Underlying the former Naval Air Warfare Center, West Trenton, New Jersey"},{"id":365294,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Jersey","city":"West Trenton","otherGeospatial":"Newark Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -74.8144268989563,\n 40.268196648437474\n ],\n [\n -74.80998516082764,\n 40.26757447962916\n ],\n [\n -74.80850458145142,\n 40.2704560554525\n ],\n [\n -74.81170177459717,\n 40.272715386988686\n ],\n [\n -74.81320381164551,\n 40.27173307820388\n ],\n [\n -74.8144268989563,\n 40.268196648437474\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"233","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shapiro, Allen M. 0000-0002-6425-9607 ashapiro@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6425-9607","contributorId":2164,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shapiro","given":"Allen","email":"ashapiro@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":765432,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Goode, Daniel J. 0000-0002-8527-2456 djgoode@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8527-2456","contributorId":193394,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goode","given":"Daniel","email":"djgoode@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":765433,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Imbrigiotta, Thomas E. 0000-0003-1716-4768 timbrig@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1716-4768","contributorId":152114,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Imbrigiotta","given":"Thomas","email":"timbrig@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":765434,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lorah, Michelle M. 0000-0002-9236-587X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9236-587X","contributorId":216751,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lorah","given":"Michelle","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":374,"text":"Maryland Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":765435,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Tiedeman, Claire R. 0000-0002-0128-3685 tiedeman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0128-3685","contributorId":196777,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tiedeman","given":"Claire","email":"tiedeman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":765436,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70202017,"text":"ofr20181180 - 2019 - Optimizing historical preservation under climate change—An overview of the optimal preservation model and pilot testing at Cape Lookout National Seashore","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-04-10T15:51:15","indexId":"ofr20181180","displayToPublicDate":"2019-04-09T13:45:00","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2018-1180","displayTitle":"Optimizing Historical Preservation Under Climate Change—An Overview of the Optimal Preservation Model and Pilot Testing at Cape Lookout National Seashore","title":"Optimizing historical preservation under climate change—An overview of the optimal preservation model and pilot testing at Cape Lookout National Seashore","docAbstract":"Adapting cultural resources to climate-change effects challenges traditional cultural resource decision making because some adaptation strategies can negatively affect the integrity of cultural resources. Yet, the inevitability of climate-change effects—even given the uncertain timing of those effects—necessitates that managers begin prioritizing resources for climate-change adaptation. Prioritization imposes an additional management challenge: managers must make difficult tradeoffs to achieve desired management outcomes related to maximizing the resource values. This report provides an overview of a pilot effort to integrate vulnerability (exposure and sensitivity), significance, and use potential metrics in a decision framework—the Optimal Preservation (OptiPres) Model—to inform climate adaptation planning of a subset of buildings in historic districts (listed on the National Register of Historic Places) at Cape Lookout National Seashore. The OptiPres Model uses a numerical optimization algorithm to assess the timing and application of a portfolio of adaptation actions that could most effectively preserve an assortment of buildings associated with different histories, intended uses, and construction design and materials over a 30-year planning horizon. The outputs from the different budget scenarios, though not prescriptive, provide visualizations of and insights to the sequence and type of optimal actions and the changes to individual building resource values and accumulated resource values. Study findings suggest the OptiPres Model has planning utility related to fiscal efficiency by identifying a budget threshold necessary to maintain the historical significance and use potential of historical buildings while reducing vulnerability (collectively, the accumulated resource value). Specifically, findings identify that a minimum of the industry standard ($222,000 annually for the 17 buildings) is needed to maintain the current accumulated resource value. Additionally, results suggest that additional appropriations provided on regular intervals when annual appropriations are at the industry standard are nearly as efficient as annual appropriations at twice the rate of industry standards and increase the amount of accumulated resource values to nearly the same level. However, periodic increases in funding may increase the risks posed to buildings from the probability of a natural hazard (that is, damage or loss from a hurricane). Suggestions for model refinements include developing standardized cost estimations for adaptation actions based on square footage and building materials, developing metrics to quantify the historical integrity of buildings, integrating social values data, including additional objectives (such as public safety) in the model, refining vulnerability data and transforming the data to include risk assessment, and incorporating stochastic events (that is, hurricane and wind effects) into the model.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20181180","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the National Park Service","usgsCitation":"Seekamp, E., Post van der Burg, M., Fatorić, S., Eaton, M.J., Xiao, X., and McCreary, A., 2019, Optimizing historical preservation under climate change—An overview of the optimal preservation model and pilot testing at Cape Lookout National Seashore: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2018–1180, 46 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20181180.","productDescription":"vii, 46 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-096582","costCenters":[{"id":565,"text":"Southeast Climate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":362669,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2018/1180/ofr20181180.pdf","text":"Report","size":"4.45 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2018-1180"},{"id":362668,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2018/1180/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina","otherGeospatial":"Cape Lookout National Seashore","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -76.66397094726562,\n 34.699848377328934\n ],\n [\n -76.67770385742188,\n 34.67274685882317\n ],\n [\n -76.53213500976562,\n 34.557466483188996\n ],\n [\n -76.02264404296875,\n 35.06147690849717\n ],\n [\n -76.0638427734375,\n 35.09519259251624\n ],\n [\n -76.53076171875,\n 34.66597009307397\n ],\n [\n -76.66397094726562,\n 34.699848377328934\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"National Climate Adaptation Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
12201 Sunrise Valley Drive, Mail Stop 516
Reston, VA 20192
Email: casc@usgs.gov
This regional protocol provides a framework for quantifying the number of breeding pairs and productivity of Atlantic Coast piping plover (Charadrius melodus) populations during the breeding season. A primary purpose of this protocol is to standardize piping plover monitoring during the breeding season. The survey techniques described herein involve repeated visual counts of adults, nests, eggs, and chicks within a defined survey site (i.e., beach) as well as visual identification of potential threats to survival and productivity. Resulting data can be compiled and analyzed across multiple geographic units (i.e., sites, states, and recovery units) to assess progress toward recovery goals, inform local management decisions, assess management effectiveness, and improve monitoring efforts. This protocol framework was developed as part of the United States Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) National Wildlife Refuge System (NWRS) Inventory and Monitoring (I&M) Initiative in coordination with Ecological Services (ES) and state coordinators within the Southeast and Northeast Regions (4 and 5, respectively). Although this protocol framework is to be used primarily by NWRS to inform recovery goals, assist with local management decision-making, and meet State reporting requirements, the approach strives to assist monitoring efforts of nonNWRS partners, such as other federal agencies (e.g. National Park Service), State wildlife agencies, non-governmental organizations, and private landowners. This protocol framework and associated data management system (PIPLweb) aims to interface with existing data management and analysis tools (i.e., PIPLODES, NestStory, and PiperEx) to ensure that data collection is
efficient and comparable across scales, and supports management decisions across partners. The content and structure of the protocol framework follows standards set forth in the USFWS’s How to Develop Survey Protocols: A Handbook (Version 1.0; 2013). The eight elements addressed include: introduction, sampling design, field methods, data management and analysis, reporting, personnel requirements and training, operational requirements, and references. A series of standard operating procedures (SOPs) provides greater detail on recommended methods and technical aspects of this protocol. Data entry, archival, and multi-scale analysis are handled through a secure web application (Plover Inventory and Productivity Library; PIPLweb) developed by the United States Geological Survey (USGS). When management activities and survey objectives are similar across management units, partners (Refuges, other federal agencies, State, NGOs, private) are encouraged to use this protocol framework to develop stepped-down
site-specific survey protocols that include guidance for conducting on-the-ground monitoring and management plans.
We quantified Louisiana Waterthrush (Parkesia motacilla) site fidelity and apparent survival across a 6 year period in an area undergoing shale gas development.Waterthrush initially exhibited high site fidelity that declined over time. At the same time, the number of unpaired males defending territories increased as did natal fidelity. We identified site fidelity factors that influenced if adult males and females returned. More males returned either due to or regardless of amount of shale gas disturbance and lower riparian habitat quality. Females were less likely to return with increased number of breeding attempts. Females in shale gas disturbed areas had a higher number of breeding attempts and lower individual productivity. We saw a general nonsignificant trend in declining apparent survival over time. Overall apparent survival estimates for adult males (0.56) and females (0.44) were similar to those reported for other populations. Apparent survival candidate models suggested weak, positive relationships of increased survival with shale gas territory disturbance, disturbance with year, and year for adult males, and a positive relationship of increased survival with hydraulic fracturing runoff for adult females although regression coefficients overlapped zero for all model-supported covariates implying no statistical significance. Since waterthrush can maintain pair bonds from the previous year and females must pick a nest site within the defended male's territory, there are potential conflicts between factors that influence adult survival and site fidelity that may affect long-term population persistence. Our study adds to previous evidence that shale gas disturbed areas may serve as sink habitats.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wilson Ornithological Society","doi":"10.1676/18-6","usgsCitation":"Frantz, M.W., Wood, P.B., Sheehan, J., and George, G., 2019, Louisiana Waterthrush (Parkesia motacilla) survival and site fidelity in an area undergoing shale gas development: Wilson Journal of Ornithology, v. 13, no. 1, p. 84-95, https://doi.org/10.1676/18-6.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"84","endPage":"95","ipdsId":"IP-090682","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":395062,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"West Virginia","county":"Wetzel County","otherGeospatial":"Lewis Wetzel Wildlife Management Area","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -80.71311950683594,\n 39.43407169253772\n ],\n [\n -80.57304382324219,\n 39.43407169253772\n ],\n [\n -80.57304382324219,\n 39.546941396253146\n ],\n [\n -80.71311950683594,\n 39.546941396253146\n ],\n [\n -80.71311950683594,\n 39.43407169253772\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"13","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Frantz, Mack W.","contributorId":272515,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Frantz","given":"Mack","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":12432,"text":"West Virginia University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":832021,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wood, Petra B. 0000-0002-8575-1705 pbwood@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8575-1705","contributorId":199090,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wood","given":"Petra","email":"pbwood@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":832020,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sheehan, James","contributorId":272516,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sheehan","given":"James","affiliations":[{"id":12432,"text":"West Virginia University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":832022,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"George, Gregory","contributorId":272517,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"George","given":"Gregory","affiliations":[{"id":12432,"text":"West Virginia University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":832023,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70205074,"text":"70205074 - 2019 - Sampling designs for landscape-level eDNA monitoring programs using three-level occurrence models","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-08-29T08:57:05","indexId":"70205074","displayToPublicDate":"2019-04-09T08:55:49","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2006,"text":"Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sampling designs for landscape-level eDNA monitoring programs using three-level occurrence models","docAbstract":"Resource managers conduct landscape-level monitoring using environmental DNA (eDNA). These managers must contend with imperfect detection in samples and sub-samples (i.e., molecular analyses). This imperfect detection impacts their ability to both detect species and estimate occurrence. Although occurrence (synonymously occupancy) models can estimate these probabilities, most models and guidance for their application do not consider three levels. We studied this with three aims. First, we examined the number of samples required to detect a species at a site given imperfect detection. Second, we examined the ability of a three-level occurrence model to recover parameter estimates. Third, we examined the number of samples required to reliably recover parameter estimates. We found detecting eDNA in 1 sample at a site required 12 samples under most condition, but detection eDNA in situations that might be expected when looking for species at very low abundance required >50 samples. We found our occupancy model generally recovered known parameters unless detection and sample occurrence probabilities were <0.3. In these situations, >50 samples per site and 8 molecular replicates were required. Conversely, estimating and comparing occurrence and detection probabilities for species with moderate to high abundance may require 4 molecular replicates and 20-30 samples per site. More broadly, our findings illustrate the importance of study design, sample sizes, and molecular replicates for eDNA-based research, monitoring, and management.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/ieam.4155","usgsCitation":"Erickson, R.A., Merkes, C.M., and Mize, E.L., 2019, Sampling designs for landscape-level eDNA monitoring programs using three-level occurrence models: Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management, v. 15, no. 5, p. 760-771, https://doi.org/10.1002/ieam.4155.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"760","endPage":"771","ipdsId":"IP-090372","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":437503,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9WRFUDQ","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Sampling designs for landscape-level eDNA monitoring programs using three-level occurrence models: Data"},{"id":367044,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":367042,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ieam.4155"}],"volume":"15","issue":"5","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":15,"text":"Madison PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-04-09","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Erickson, Richard A. 0000-0003-4649-482X rerickson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4649-482X","contributorId":5455,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Erickson","given":"Richard","email":"rerickson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":769857,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Merkes, Christopher M. 0000-0001-8191-627X cmerkes@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8191-627X","contributorId":139516,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Merkes","given":"Christopher","email":"cmerkes@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":769858,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mize, Erica L.","contributorId":217242,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mize","given":"Erica","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":39581,"text":"Whitney Genetics Laboratory, Midwest Fisheries Center, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 555 Lester Avenue, Onalaska, WI USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":769859,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70223298,"text":"70223298 - 2019 - Novel ectoparasite infestation on Yuma ridgway's rails (Rallus obsoletus yumanensis)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-20T13:48:37.941562","indexId":"70223298","displayToPublicDate":"2019-04-09T08:37:38","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3784,"text":"Wilson Journal of Ornithology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Novel ectoparasite infestation on Yuma ridgway's rails (Rallus obsoletus yumanensis)","title":"Novel ectoparasite infestation on Yuma ridgway's rails (Rallus obsoletus yumanensis)","docAbstract":"Yuma Ridgway's Rails (Rallus obsoletus yumanensis) are federally endangered birds endemic to wetlands throughout the Lower Colorado River Basin in Nevada, California, Arizona, and Mexico. The U.S. population has declined in recent years for unknown reasons. We documented a novel and severe chigger mite infestation in the Yuma Ridgway's Rails in southwestern Arizona in 2017. Prevalence of the infestation was spatially heterogeneous: 92% (48 of 52) of the Yuma Ridgway's Rails that we captured at Imperial National Wildlife Refuge were infested, whereas only 11% (2 of 18) of the Yuma Ridgway's Rails at Cibola National Wildlife Refuge were chigger infested. We know little about the origin of this infestation or the impacts of the parasites on the behavior and fitness of Yuma Ridgway's Rails. However, ectoparasite infestations in other species have caused population declines and the intensity and novelty of this ectoparasite infestation, combined with population status of this species, warrants immediate attention to this issue and further study of these ectoparasites.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wilson Ornithological Society","doi":"10.1676/18-55","usgsCitation":"Harrity, E.J., and Conway, C.J., 2019, Novel ectoparasite infestation on Yuma ridgway's rails (Rallus obsoletus yumanensis): Wilson Journal of Ornithology, v. 131, no. 1, p. 139-146, https://doi.org/10.1676/18-55.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"139","endPage":"146","ipdsId":"IP-101657","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":388229,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Mexico, United States","state":"Arizona, California","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -115.916748046875,\n 32.25926542645933\n ],\n [\n -114.0380859375,\n 32.25926542645933\n ],\n [\n -114.0380859375,\n 34.470335121217474\n ],\n [\n -115.916748046875,\n 34.470335121217474\n ],\n [\n -115.916748046875,\n 32.25926542645933\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"131","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harrity, Eamon J.","contributorId":264532,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Harrity","given":"Eamon","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":39599,"text":"ui","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":821641,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Conway, Courtney J. 0000-0003-0492-2953 cconway@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0492-2953","contributorId":2951,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conway","given":"Courtney","email":"cconway@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":821642,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70220506,"text":"70220506 - 2019 - Stratigraphic occurrences of sub-polar planktic foraminifera in pleistocene sediments on the Lomonosov Ridge, Arctic Ocean","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-19T12:10:19.951581","indexId":"70220506","displayToPublicDate":"2019-04-09T07:29:51","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5232,"text":"Frontiers in Earth Science","onlineIssn":"2296-6463","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Stratigraphic occurrences of sub-polar planktic foraminifera in pleistocene sediments on the Lomonosov Ridge, Arctic Ocean","docAbstract":"Turborotalita quinqueloba is a species of planktic foraminifera commonly found in the sub-polar North Atlantic along the pathway of Atlantic waters in the Nordic seas and sometimes even in the Arctic Ocean, although its occurrence there remains poorly understood. Existing data show that T. quinqueloba is scarce in Holocene sediments from the central Arctic but abundance levels increase in sediments from the last interglacial period [Marine isotope stage (MIS) 5, 71–120 ka] in cores off the northern coast of Greenland and the southern Mendeleev Ridge. Turborotalita also occurs in earlier Pleistocene interglacials in these regions, with a unique and widespread occurrence of the less known Turborotalita egelida morphotype, proposed as a biostratigraphic marker for MIS 11 (474–374 ka). Here we present results from six new sediment cores, extending from the central to western Lomonosov Ridge, that show a consistent Pleistocene stratigraphy over 575 km. Preliminary semi-quantitative assessments of planktic foraminifer abundance and assemblage composition in two of these records (LOMROG12-7PC and AO16-5PC) reveal two distinct stratigraphic horizons containing Turborotalita in MIS 5. Earlier occurrences in Pleistocene interglacials are recognized, but contain significantly fewer specimens and do not appear to be stratigraphically coeval in the studied sequences. In all instances, the Turborotalita specimens resemble the typical T. quinqueloba morphotype but are smaller (63–125 μm), smooth-walled and lack the final thickened calcite layer common to adults of the species. These results extend the geographical range for T. quinqueloba in MIS 5 sediments of the Arctic Ocean and provide compelling evidence for recurrent invasions during Pleistocene interglacials.","language":"English","publisher":"Frontiers","doi":"10.3389/feart.2019.00071","usgsCitation":"O’Regan, M., Coxall, H., Cronin, T.M., Gyllencreutz, R., Jakobsson, M., Kaboth, S., Lowemark, L., Wiers, S., and West, G., 2019, Stratigraphic occurrences of sub-polar planktic foraminifera in pleistocene sediments on the Lomonosov Ridge, Arctic Ocean: Frontiers in Earth Science, v. 7, 71, 18 p., https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2019.00071.","productDescription":"71, 18 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-106073","costCenters":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":467714,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2019.00071","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":385702,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Arctic Ocean","volume":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-04-09","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"O’Regan, Matt","contributorId":197135,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"O’Regan","given":"Matt","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":25421,"text":"Department of Geological Sciences, Stockholm University, Sweden","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":815877,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Coxall, Helen","contributorId":166866,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Coxall","given":"Helen","affiliations":[{"id":24562,"text":"Stockholm University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":815878,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cronin, Thomas M. 0000-0002-2643-0979 tcronin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2643-0979","contributorId":2579,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cronin","given":"Thomas","email":"tcronin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":815849,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gyllencreutz, Richard","contributorId":179157,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gyllencreutz","given":"Richard","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":815879,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Jakobsson, Martin","contributorId":166854,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jakobsson","given":"Martin","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":24562,"text":"Stockholm University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":815880,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kaboth, Stefanie","contributorId":258170,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kaboth","given":"Stefanie","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":815881,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Lowemark, Ludvig","contributorId":258171,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lowemark","given":"Ludvig","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":815882,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Wiers, Steffen","contributorId":258172,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wiers","given":"Steffen","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":815883,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"West, Gabriel","contributorId":258085,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"West","given":"Gabriel","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":815884,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70203686,"text":"70203686 - 2019 - Future directions to escalate benefits of stepping-stone approach for conservation translocations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-06-05T15:13:45","indexId":"70203686","displayToPublicDate":"2019-04-08T15:12:23","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":774,"text":"Animal Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Future directions to escalate benefits of stepping-stone approach for conservation translocations","docAbstract":"Through a reintroduction case study on the critically endangered Vancouver Island marmot (Marmota vancouverensis), we introduced a ‘stepping-stone’ approach which utilizes the transition of released individuals among populations to maximize demographic growth potential (Lloyd et al. 2019). We greatly appreciate and hereby reflect on the thoughtful commentaries by Chauvenet (2019), Hayward (2019) and Thévenin (2019) to propose 3 key topics for future exploration.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/acv.12506","usgsCitation":"Lloyd, N., Hostetter, N., Jackson, C., Converse, S.J., and Moehrenschlager, A., 2019, Future directions to escalate benefits of stepping-stone approach for conservation translocations: Animal Conservation, p. 122-123, https://doi.org/10.1111/acv.12506.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"122","endPage":"123","ipdsId":"IP-106626","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":467715,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/acv.12506","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":364386,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-04-08","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lloyd, N.A.","contributorId":215990,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lloyd","given":"N.A.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":39343,"text":"Centre for Conservation Research, Calgary Zoological Society, Calgary, AB, Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":763606,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hostetter, N.J.","contributorId":215989,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hostetter","given":"N.J.","affiliations":[{"id":6934,"text":"University of Washington","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":763605,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jackson, C.L.","contributorId":215991,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jackson","given":"C.L.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":39344,"text":"Marmot Recovery Foundation, Nanaimo, BC, Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":763607,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Converse, Sarah J. 0000-0002-3719-5441 sconverse@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3719-5441","contributorId":173772,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Converse","given":"Sarah","email":"sconverse@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":763608,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Moehrenschlager, A.","contributorId":215992,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Moehrenschlager","given":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":39343,"text":"Centre for Conservation Research, Calgary Zoological Society, Calgary, AB, Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":763609,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70203075,"text":"70203075 - 2019 - Multidecadal geomorphic evolution of a profoundly disturbed gravel-bed river system—a complex, nonlinear response and its impact on sediment delivery","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-06-18T11:42:08","indexId":"70203075","displayToPublicDate":"2019-04-08T15:06:00","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5739,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface","onlineIssn":"2169-9011","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Multidecadal geomorphic evolution of a profoundly disturbed gravel-bed river system—a complex, nonlinear response and its impact on sediment delivery","docAbstract":"A 2.5-km3 debris avalanche during the 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens reset the fluvial landscape of upper North Fork Toutle River valley. Since then, a new drainage network has formed and evolved. Cross-section surveys repeated over nearly 40 years at 16 locations along a 20-km reach of river valley document channel evolution, geomorphic processes, and their impacts on sediment delivery. We analyzed spatial and temporal changes in channel morphology using two new metrics: 1) a shape index that defines the degree of U-shaped or V-shaped valley geometry; and 2) an alluvial phase-space diagram that relates bed degradation or aggradation between consecutive surveys to increases or decreases in cross-section area. Metric relations reveal more diverse channel evolution than originally described by a simple, linear-response model of sequential channel initiation and incision; aggradation and widening; and subsequent episodic scour and fill with little change in bed elevation. Instead, vertical and lateral adjustments have been crucial processes intertwined throughout channel evolution. Channel evolution has followed a distinctly nonlinear and non-sequential trajectory, migrating through several phase spaces and involving varied combinations of (1) degradation and aggradation with widening and narrowing, (2) bed-level fluctuations with little change in cross-section area, and (3) changes in cross-section area with little change of bed elevation. Persistent channel widening and reworking of the channel bed presently drive elevated sediment delivery from this basin. Elevated sediment delivery is likely to persist until valley-floor widths greatly exceed that of the channel-migration corridor, and/or channel banks and valley walls stabilize.","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2018JF004843","usgsCitation":"Major, J.J., Zheng, S., Mosbrucker, A.R., Spicer, K.R., Christianson, T., and Thorne, C.R., 2019, Multidecadal geomorphic evolution of a profoundly disturbed gravel-bed river system—a complex, nonlinear response and its impact on sediment delivery: Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface, v. 124, no. 5, p. 1281-1309, https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JF004843.","productDescription":"29 p.","startPage":"1281","endPage":"1309","ipdsId":"IP-100648","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":467716,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2018jf004843","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":437505,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9YUFZJ6","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Digital elevation models of upper North Fork Toutle River near Mount St. Helens, based on 2006-2014 airborne lidar surveys"},{"id":437504,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P96B0IEC","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Digital elevation models of Mount St. Helens crater and upper North Fork Toutle River basin, based on 1987 and 1999 airborne photogrammetry surveys"},{"id":363048,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington ","otherGeospatial":"North Fork Toutle River Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.7912712097168,\n 46.30697982530866\n ],\n [\n -122.68758773803711,\n 46.30697982530866\n ],\n [\n -122.68758773803711,\n 46.358775940085025\n ],\n [\n -122.7912712097168,\n 46.358775940085025\n ],\n [\n -122.7912712097168,\n 46.30697982530866\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"124","issue":"5","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-05-27","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Major, Jon J. 0000-0003-2449-4466 jjmajor@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2449-4466","contributorId":439,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Major","given":"Jon","email":"jjmajor@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":761057,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zheng, Shan 0000-0003-4595-9496","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4595-9496","contributorId":214875,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zheng","given":"Shan","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":39129,"text":"Wuhan University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":761058,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mosbrucker, Adam R. 0000-0003-0298-0324 amosbrucker@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0298-0324","contributorId":4968,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mosbrucker","given":"Adam","email":"amosbrucker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":761059,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Spicer, Kurt R. 0000-0001-5030-3198 krspicer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5030-3198","contributorId":2684,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spicer","given":"Kurt","email":"krspicer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":761061,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Christianson, Tami 0000-0002-6873-9229","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6873-9229","contributorId":214877,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christianson","given":"Tami","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":761062,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Thorne, Colin R. 0000-0002-2450-9624","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2450-9624","contributorId":214876,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Thorne","given":"Colin","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":39130,"text":"University of Nottingham","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":761060,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70203086,"text":"70203086 - 2019 - Skin and fin diseases","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-06-25T15:01:20","indexId":"70203086","displayToPublicDate":"2019-04-08T15:00:51","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"5","title":"Skin and fin diseases","docAbstract":"Fish are critically important to the welfare of this planet and its occupants, the health of both wild and captive fish populations paramount to our survival. This book presents the gross pathology of the most commonly encountered diseases and syndromes of fish in an organ system-based approach. It provides an overview of the diseases and disorders of tropical, ornamental, bait and food fish from freshwater, brackish and marine environments. Readers will gain a broader understanding of the basic biology of infectious and non-infectious diseases in fish, as well as novel diagnostic techniques and innovative disease control methods.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Fish Diseases and Medicine","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"CRC Press","isbn":"978-1-4987-2786-0","usgsCitation":"Smith, P., Elliott, D., Bruno, D.W., and Smith, S.A., 2019, Skin and fin diseases, chap. 5 of Fish Diseases and Medicine, p. 97-114.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"97","endPage":"114","ipdsId":"IP-100742","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":365034,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, Pedro","contributorId":214898,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Smith","given":"Pedro","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":39132,"text":"Veterinary Sciences, University of Chile","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":761102,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Elliott, Diane 0000-0002-4809-6692 dgelliott@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4809-6692","contributorId":214897,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elliott","given":"Diane","email":"dgelliott@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":761101,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bruno, David W","contributorId":214900,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bruno","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"W","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":761104,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Smith, Stephen A","contributorId":214899,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Smith","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"A","affiliations":[{"id":39133,"text":"Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathology, Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":761103,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70203423,"text":"70203423 - 2019 - Iron and sulfide nanoparticle formation and transport in nascent hydrothermal vent plumes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-07-23T13:53:32","indexId":"70203423","displayToPublicDate":"2019-04-08T12:32:06","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2842,"text":"Nature Communications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Iron and sulfide nanoparticle formation and transport in nascent hydrothermal vent plumes","docAbstract":"Deep-sea hydrothermal vents are a significant source of dissolved metals to the global oceans, producing midwater plumes enriched in metals that are transported thousands of kilometers from the vent source. Extensive particle precipitation upon emission of hydrothermal fluids, due to temperature and pH changes during mixing with ambient seawater, controls metal speciation and the magnitude of metal export. Here, we document the formation and spatial distribution of metal sulfide particles, including pyrite (nano)particles, within the first meter of buoyant plumes from three high-temperature hydrothermal vents at the East Pacific Rise (9°50’ N). We observe a zone of particle settling 10 – 20 cm from the orifice, indicated by the stable sulfur isotope distribution of sulphide in the plume; however, we also demonstrate that nanoparticulate pyrite (FeS2) is not removed from the plume and can account for over half of the filtered Fe (≤ 0.2 µm) up to one meter from the vent orifice. The persistence of nanoparticulate pyritic Fe beyond the first meter demonstrates that it is an important mechanism for near-vent Fe stabilisation that may further allow transport of Fe to midwater plumes, and highlights the potential role of nanoparticles in element transport.","language":"English","publisher":"Nature","doi":"10.1038/s41467-019-09580-5","usgsCitation":"Findlay, A.J., Estes, E., Gartman, A., Kamyshny, A., Yucel, M., and Luther, G.W., 2019, Iron and sulfide nanoparticle formation and transport in nascent hydrothermal vent plumes: Nature Communications, v. 10, Article 1597, 7 p., https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-09580-5.","productDescription":"Article 1597, 7 p.","ipdsId":"IP-104755","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":467717,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-09580-5","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":363775,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"10","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-04-08","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Findlay, Alyssa J.","contributorId":215547,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Findlay","given":"Alyssa","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":37318,"text":"Aarhus University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":762640,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Estes, Emily","contributorId":215548,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Estes","given":"Emily","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13359,"text":"University of Delaware","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":762641,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gartman, Amy 0000-0001-9307-3062 agartman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9307-3062","contributorId":215546,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gartman","given":"Amy","email":"agartman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":762639,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kamyshny, Alexey","contributorId":215549,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kamyshny","given":"Alexey","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":39275,"text":"Ben-Gurion University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":762642,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Yucel, Mustafa","contributorId":215550,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Yucel","given":"Mustafa","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":39276,"text":"Middle-East Technical University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":762643,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Luther, George W.","contributorId":215551,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Luther","given":"George","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":13359,"text":"University of Delaware","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":762644,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70203820,"text":"70203820 - 2019 - Bisphenol A and 17 alpha-ethinylestradiol-induced transgenerational differences in expression of osmoregulatory genes in the gill of medaka (Oryzias latipes)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-06-14T11:42:08","indexId":"70203820","displayToPublicDate":"2019-04-08T11:35:46","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":874,"text":"Aquatic Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Bisphenol A and 17α-ethinylestradiol-induced transgenerational differences in expression of osmoregulatory genes in the gill of medaka (Oryzias latipes)","title":"Bisphenol A and 17 alpha-ethinylestradiol-induced transgenerational differences in expression of osmoregulatory genes in the gill of medaka (Oryzias latipes)","docAbstract":"Embryonic bisphenol A (BPA) and 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2) exposure can have far reaching health effects in fish, including adult onset transgenerational reproductive abnormalities, anxiety, and cardiac disorders. It is unknown whether these two environmental estrogens can induce transgenerational abnormalities in the gill. The present study examined transgenerational effects of BPA or EE2 exposure on genes that are critical for osmoregulation in fish. Medaka (Oryzias latipes) embryos were exposed to either BPA (100 μg/L) or EE2 (0.05 μg/L) for the first 7 days of embryonic development and never thereafter for the remainder of that generation (F0) and in subsequent generations of this study (F1, F2, and F3). Expression of osmoregulatory genes (NKAα1a, NKAα1b, NKAα1c, NKAα3a, NKAα3b, NKCC1a, and CFTR) were examined in gills of the first-generation (F0) adults which were directly exposed as embryo and in the fourth-generation adults (F3), which were never exposed to either of these environmental estrogens. Significant alterations in expression of osmoregulatory genes were observed in both F0 and F3 generations. Within the F0 generation, a sex-specific expression pattern was observed with a downregulation of osmoregulatory genes in males and an upregulation of osmoregulatory genes in females. At the F3 generation, this pattern reversed with the majority of the osmoregulatory genes upregulated in males and downregulated in females, suggesting that exposure to BPA and EE2 during embryonic development induced transgenerational impairment in molecular events associated with osmoregulatory functions in subsequent generations. These adverse outcomes may have impacts on physiological functions related to osmoregulation of fish inhabiting contaminated aquatic environments.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.aquatox.2019.04.005","usgsCitation":"Wang, X., Hill, D., Tillitt, D.E., and Bhandari, R., 2019, Bisphenol A and 17 alpha-ethinylestradiol-induced transgenerational differences in expression of osmoregulatory genes in the gill of medaka (Oryzias latipes): Aquatic Toxicology, v. 211, p. 227-234, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2019.04.005.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"227","endPage":"234","ipdsId":"IP-107088","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":467718,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6626660","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":364699,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"211","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wang, Xuegeng","contributorId":216233,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wang","given":"Xuegeng","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":39379,"text":"University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":764267,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hill, Diamond","contributorId":216234,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hill","given":"Diamond","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":39379,"text":"University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":764268,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tillitt, Donald E. 0000-0002-8278-3955 dtillitt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8278-3955","contributorId":1875,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tillitt","given":"Donald","email":"dtillitt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":764266,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bhandari, Ramji K.","contributorId":215751,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bhandari","given":"Ramji K.","affiliations":[{"id":39315,"text":"Department of Biology, University of North Carolina Greensboro, Greensboro, NC","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":764269,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70204778,"text":"70204778 - 2019 - Coelomic disorders of fishes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-06T13:52:15.488923","indexId":"70204778","displayToPublicDate":"2019-04-08T11:14:10","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"8","title":"Coelomic disorders of fishes","docAbstract":"Dropsy is a commonly applied term for coelomic distention due to ascites, or the effusion and collection of fluid freely throughout the coelomic cavity. Dropsy, or ascites, is generally a sign of another ongoing disease process, oftentimes one that is multisystemic and impacting coelomic organs and tissues. Dropsy may be caused by a variety of potential etiological agents, both infectious and noninfectious. Stressors such as rapid change in water temperature may predispose fish to bacterial diseases associated with dropsy. Clinically affected fish display coelomic distension of varying degrees of severity. Generally considered a disease syndrome similar to dropsy, affecting specifically Malawi cichlids, a popular group of ornamental fish among aquarium hobbyists. Water belly occurs among salt water pen-reared salmonid fish, including Atlantic salmon, Chinook salmon and rainbow trout. Dietary changes such as reduction of the feeding rate have been reported to improve the condition among affected fish.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Fish diseases and medicine","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"CRC Press","doi":"10.1201/9780429195259","usgsCitation":"Densmore, C., 2019, Coelomic disorders of fishes, chap. 8 of Fish diseases and medicine, p. 174-182, https://doi.org/10.1201/9780429195259.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"174","endPage":"182","ipdsId":"IP-099297","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":467719,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://media.obvsg.at/AC15390036-1001","text":"External Repository"},{"id":366602,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":10,"text":"Baltimore PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-04-02","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Densmore, Christine L. 0000-0001-6440-0781","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6440-0781","contributorId":204739,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Densmore","given":"Christine L.","affiliations":[{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":768460,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70202903,"text":"sir20195008 - 2019 - Sediment storage and transport in the Nooksack River basin, northwestern Washington, 2006–15","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-02T09:56:15","indexId":"sir20195008","displayToPublicDate":"2019-04-08T11:07:35","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2019-5008","displayTitle":"Sediment Storage and Transport in the Nooksack River Basin, Northwestern Washington, 2006–15","title":"Sediment storage and transport in the Nooksack River basin, northwestern Washington, 2006–15","docAbstract":"The Nooksack River is a dynamic gravel-bedded river in northwestern Washington, draining off Mount Baker and the North Cascades into Puget Sound. Working in cooperation with the Whatcom County Flood Control Zone District, the U.S. Geological Survey studied topographic, hydrologic, and climatic data for the Nooksack River basin to document recent changes in sediment storage, long-term bed elevation trends, rates of sediment transport, and factors influencing surficial drainage in order to support ongoing river management. Differences in elevations between topographic and bathymetric surveys in 2005/06 and 2013/15 indicate the active channel aggraded about 1–2 feet locally near the cities of Ferndale and Everson but was primarily stable between them. The active channel upstream of Nugent’s Corner generally incised. Total incision upstream of Nugent’s Corner to Glacier Creek generated 2.3 ± 1.7 million cubic yards of sediment from 2005/06 to 2013 and likely represented a significant source of coarse sediment to the lower mainstem river over that time.
Long-term records of local channel-bed elevation, derived from U.S. Geological Survey streamgage data, show bed-elevation changes of about 1–3 feet. The river bed at most streamgages exhibits long-term trends, with relatively consistent rates of change on the order of 1 foot per decade that persist years to decades. Lagged correlations in bed-elevation trends at all seven streamgages in the North Fork Nooksack and mainstem Nooksack suggest that decadal periods of persistent aggradation and incision originate in the North Fork and translate downstream. The channel-change signal propagates downstream 0.5–2.5 miles per year, with the rate of propagation scaling closely with channel slope. The pattern of incision and aggradation in the North Fork correlates with regional climate, where persistent incision follows extended cold and wet periods, and persistent aggradation follows extended warm and dry periods. Climate-driven variation in coarse-sediment delivery, primarily from the North Fork Nooksack, then appears to be a strong control on long-term vertical channel adjustments at sites downstream. The downstream-translating climate signal generated in the North Fork would account for recently observed aggradation at Everson and Ferndale but not the observed incision in unconfined reaches upstream of Nugent’s Corner from 2005–06 to 2013. This mismatch indicates that understanding how changes in sediment-supply influence those unconfined reaches remains a key uncertainty for predicting future channel change.
Continuous turbidity monitoring integrated with suspended sediment and limited bedload sampling were used to calculate annual sediment loads at five sites in the basin. The sediment load in the lower river at Ferndale ranged from 0.78 to 1.17 million tons per year and averaged 0.97 million tons per year for WYs 2012–17. Suspended sediment made up 93 percent of the load, and bedload made up 7 percent. Most of the fine sediment load of the lower river is supplied from headwaters of the North, Middle, and South Fork Nooksack basins, with relatively little net increase in fine sediment loads in the lower mainstem basin. The three forks supply approximately equal proportions of the lower-river fine sediment load. However, the glacially sourced North and Middle Fork Nooksack basins carry a notably sandier suspended-sediment load than the South Fork Nooksack.
A comparison of monthly streamflow and precipitation trends since 1981 indicate statistically significant increases in total spring precipitation and the number of spring days with measurable precipitation in much of the basin, as well as increases in mean spring river stage near Ferndale. Since no trends in mean spring discharge are observed, the trends in river stage are attributed primarily to observed changes in bed elevation. Changes in bed elevation and precipitation may then both have plausibly impacted field drainage in the lower river below Ferndale.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20195008","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Whatcom County Flood Control Zone District","usgsCitation":"Anderson, S.W., Konrad, C.P., Grossman, E.E., and Curran, C.A., 2019, Sediment storage and transport in the Nooksack River basin, northwestern Washington, 2006–15: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2019-5008, 43 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20195008.","productDescription":"vii, 43 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-097289","costCenters":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":362810,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2019/5008/sir20195008.pdf","text":"Report","size":"42.8 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2019-5008"},{"id":362809,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2019/5008/coverthb2.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Nooksack River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.64312744140624,\n 48.499317631540286\n ],\n [\n -121.453857421875,\n 48.499317631540286\n ],\n [\n -121.453857421875,\n 48.9991410647952\n ],\n [\n -122.64312744140624,\n 48.9991410647952\n ],\n [\n -122.64312744140624,\n 48.499317631540286\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Washington Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
934 Broadway, Suite 300
Tacoma, Washington 98402
Red‐cockaded woodpeckers (RCW; Dryobates borealis) declined after human activities reduced their fire‐maintained pine ecosystem to <3% of its historical range in the southeastern United States and degraded remaining habitat. An estimated 1.6 million RCW cooperative breeding groups declined to about 3,500 groups with no more than 10,000 birds by 1978. Management has increased RCW population abundances since they were at their lowest in the 1990s. However, no range‐wide study has been undertaken since then to investigate the impacts of this massive bottleneck or infer the effects of conservation management and recent demographic recoveries. We used mitochondrial DNA sequences (mtDNA) and nine nuclear microsatellite loci to determine if range‐wide demographic declines resulted in changes to genetic structure and diversity in RCW by comparing samples collected before 1970 (mtDNA data only), between 1992 and 1995 (mtDNA and microsatellites), and between 2010 and 2014 (mtDNA and microsatellites). We show that genetic diversity has been lost as detected by a reduction in the number of mitochondrial haplotypes. This reduction was apparent in comparisons of pre‐1970 mtDNA data with data from the 1992–1995 and 2010–2014 time points, with no change between the latter two time points in mtDNA and microsatellite analyses. The mtDNA data also revealed increases in range‐wide genetic differentiation, with a genetically panmictic population present throughout the southeastern United States in the pre‐1970s data and subsequent development of genetic structure that has remained unchanged since the 1990s. Genetic structure was also uncovered with the microsatellite data, which like the mtDNA data showed little change between the 1992–1995 and 2010–2014 data sets. Temporal haplotype networks revealed a consistent, star‐like phylogeny, suggesting that despite the overall loss of haplotypes, no phylogenetically distinct mtDNA lineages were lost when the population declined. Our results may suggest that management during the last two decades has prevented additional losses of genetic diversity.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/ece3.5135","usgsCitation":"Miller, M.P., Vilstrup, J.T., Mullins, T.D., McDearmon, W., Walters, J.R., and Haig, S.M., 2019, Changes in genetic diversity and differentiation in Red‐cockaded woodpeckers (Dryobates borealis) over the past century: Ecology and Evolution, v. 9, no. 9, p. 5420-5432, https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.5135.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"5420","endPage":"5432","ipdsId":"IP-101678","costCenters":[{"id":251,"text":"Ecosystems Mission Area","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":460411,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.5135","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":363718,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -97.03125,\n 24.926294766395593\n ],\n [\n -77.87109375,\n 24.926294766395593\n ],\n [\n -77.87109375,\n 35.02999636902566\n ],\n [\n -82.529296875,\n 37.16031654673677\n ],\n [\n -87.01171875,\n 37.09023980307208\n ],\n [\n -97.03125,\n 35.02999636902566\n ],\n [\n -97.03125,\n 24.926294766395593\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"9","issue":"9","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-04-08","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, Mark P. 0000-0003-1045-1772 mpmiller@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1045-1772","contributorId":1967,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Mark","email":"mpmiller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":38131,"text":"WMA - 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