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,{"id":70032611,"text":"70032611 - 2011 - Developing an operational rangeland water requirement satisfaction index","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-06T13:36:08","indexId":"70032611","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2068,"text":"International Journal of Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Developing an operational rangeland water requirement satisfaction index","docAbstract":"<p><span>Developing an operational water requirement satisfaction index (WRSI) for rangeland monitoring is an important goal of the famine early warning systems network. An operational WRSI has been developed for crop monitoring, but until recently a comparable WRSI for rangeland was not successful because of the extremely poor performance of the index when based on published crop coefficients (</span><i>K</i> <sub>c</sub><span>) for rangelands. To improve the rangeland WRSI, we developed a simple calibration technique that adjusts the </span><i>K</i> <sub>c</sub><span> values for rangeland monitoring using long-term rainfall distribution and reference evapotranspiration data. The premise for adjusting the </span><i>K</i> <sub>c</sub><span> values is based on the assumption that a viable rangeland should exhibit above-average WRSI (values &gt;80%) during a normal year. The normal year was represented by a median dekadal rainfall distribution (satellite rainfall estimate from 1996 to 2006). Similarly, a long-term average for potential evapotranspiration was used as input to the famine early warning systems network WRSI model in combination with soil-water-holding capacity data. A dekadal rangeland WRSI has been operational for east and west Africa since 2005. User feedback has been encouraging, especially with regard to the end-of-season WRSI anomaly products that compare the index's performance to ‘normal’ years. Currently, rangeland WRSI products are generated on a dekadal basis and posted for free distribution on the US Geological Survey early warning website at </span><a href=\"http://earlywarning.usgs.gov/adds/\" target=\"_blank\" data-mce-href=\"http://earlywarning.usgs.gov/adds/\">http://earlywarning.usgs.gov/adds/</a></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/01431161.2010.516028","issn":"01431161","usgsCitation":"Senay, G.B., Verdin, J.P., and Rowland, J., 2011, Developing an operational rangeland water requirement satisfaction index: International Journal of Remote Sensing, v. 32, no. 21, p. 6047-6053, https://doi.org/10.1080/01431161.2010.516028.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"6047","endPage":"6053","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":241255,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213610,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01431161.2010.516028"}],"volume":"32","issue":"21","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-08-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a000ee4b0c8380cd4f56c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Senay, Gabriel B. 0000-0002-8810-8539 senay@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8810-8539","contributorId":3114,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Senay","given":"Gabriel","email":"senay@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":437047,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Verdin, James P. 0000-0003-0238-9657 verdin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0238-9657","contributorId":720,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Verdin","given":"James","email":"verdin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":437049,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rowland, James 0000-0003-4837-3511 rowland@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4837-3511","contributorId":145846,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rowland","given":"James","email":"rowland@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":437048,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70032668,"text":"70032668 - 2011 - Latitudinal variation in reproductive strategies by the migratory Louisiana Waterthrush","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:22","indexId":"70032668","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1318,"text":"Condor","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Latitudinal variation in reproductive strategies by the migratory Louisiana Waterthrush","docAbstract":"We evaluated hypotheses that seek to explain breeding strategies of the Louisiana Waterthrush (Parkesia motacilla) that vary across a latitudinal gradient. On the basis of data from 418 nests of color-banded individuals in southwestern Pennsylvania and 700 km south in the Georgia Piedmont, we found that clutch size in replacement nests and probability of renesting were significantly greater in Pennsylvania (clutch size 4.4; renesting probability 0.66) than in Georgia (clutch size 3.8; renesting probability 0.54). Contrasts of the remaining measures of breeding were not statistically significant, and, in particular, mean daily nest survival in the two study areas was nearly identical (0.974 in Pennsylvania; 0.975 in Georgia). An individual-based model of fecundity (i.e., number of fledged young per adult female), predicted that approximately half of the females in both Pennsylvania and Georgia fledge at least one young, and mean values for fecundity in Pennsylvania and Georgia were 2.28 and 1.91, respectively. On the basis of greater support for the food-limitation hypothesis than for the season-length hypothesis, the trade-off between breeding in a region with more food but making a longer migration may be greater for waterthrushes breeding farther north than for those breeding farther south. ?? The Cooper Ornithological Society 2011.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Condor","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1525/cond.2011.090212","issn":"00105422","usgsCitation":"Mattsson, B., Latta, S., Cooper, R., and Mulvihill, R., 2011, Latitudinal variation in reproductive strategies by the migratory Louisiana Waterthrush: Condor, v. 113, no. 2, p. 412-418, https://doi.org/10.1525/cond.2011.090212.","startPage":"412","endPage":"418","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213981,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1525/cond.2011.090212"},{"id":241659,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"113","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4587e4b0c8380cd673cb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mattsson, B.J.","contributorId":82029,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mattsson","given":"B.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Latta, S.C.","contributorId":52800,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Latta","given":"S.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437367,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cooper, R.J.","contributorId":89077,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cooper","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437369,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mulvihill, R.S.","contributorId":103098,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mulvihill","given":"R.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437370,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70036638,"text":"70036638 - 2011 - Modal-pushover-based ground-motion scaling procedure","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-04T09:49:37","indexId":"70036638","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2467,"text":"Journal of Structural Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modal-pushover-based ground-motion scaling procedure","docAbstract":"Earthquake engineering is increasingly using nonlinear response history analysis (RHA) to demonstrate the performance of structures. This rigorous method of analysis requires selection and scaling of ground motions appropriate to design hazard levels. This paper presents a modal-pushover-based scaling (MPS) procedure to scale ground motions for use in a nonlinear RHA of buildings. In the MPS method, the ground motions are scaled to match to a specified tolerance, a target value of the inelastic deformation of the first-mode inelastic single-degree-of-freedom (SDF) system whose properties are determined by the first-mode pushover analysis. Appropriate for first-mode dominated structures, this approach is extended for structures with significant contributions of higher modes by considering elastic deformation of second-mode SDF systems in selecting a subset of the scaled ground motions. Based on results presented for three actual buildings-4, 6, and 13-story-the accuracy and efficiency of the MPS procedure are established and its superiority over the ASCE/SEI 7-05 scaling procedure is demonstrated.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Structural Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Civil Engineers","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0000308","issn":"07339445","usgsCitation":"Kalkan, E., and Chopra, A.K., 2011, Modal-pushover-based ground-motion scaling procedure: Journal of Structural Engineering, v. 137, no. 3, p. 298-310, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0000308.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"298","endPage":"310","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":217528,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0000308"},{"id":245481,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"137","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5b9de4b0c8380cd6f6a7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kalkan, Erol 0000-0002-9138-9407 ekalkan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9138-9407","contributorId":1218,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kalkan","given":"Erol","email":"ekalkan@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":457096,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chopra, Anil K.","contributorId":79202,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chopra","given":"Anil","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457097,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70032670,"text":"70032670 - 2011 - Estimating basin scale evapotranspiration (ET) by water balance and remote sensing methods","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-04-15T16:06:49","indexId":"70032670","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating basin scale evapotranspiration (ET) by water balance and remote sensing methods","docAbstract":"Evapotranspiration (ET) is an important hydrological process that can be studied and estimated at multiple spatial scales ranging from a leaf to a river basin. We present a review of methods in estimating basin scale ET and its applications in understanding basin water balance dynamics. The review focuses on two aspects of ET: (i) how the basin scale water balance approach is used to estimate ET; and (ii) how ‘direct’ measurement and modelling approaches are used to estimate basin scale ET. Obviously, the basin water balance-based ET requires the availability of good precipitation and discharge data to calculate ET as a residual on longer time scales (annual) where net storage changes are assumed to be negligible. ET estimated from such a basin water balance principle is generally used for validating the performance of ET models. On the other hand, many of the direct estimation methods involve the use of remotely sensed data to estimate spatially explicit ET and use basin-wide averaging to estimate basin scale ET. The direct methods can be grouped into soil moisture balance modelling, satellite-based vegetation index methods, and methods based on satellite land surface temperature measurements that convert potential ET into actual ET using a proportionality relationship. The review also includes the use of complementary ET estimation principles for large area applications. The review identifies the need to compare and evaluate the different ET approaches using standard data sets in basins covering different hydro-climatic regions of the world.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrological Processes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","publisherLocation":"Hoboken, NJ","doi":"10.1002/hyp.8379","issn":"08856087","usgsCitation":"Senay, G., Leake, S., Nagler, P., Artan, G., Dickinson, J., Cordova, J., and Glenn, E.P., 2011, Estimating basin scale evapotranspiration (ET) by water balance and remote sensing methods: Hydrological Processes, v. 25, no. 26, p. 4037-4049, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.8379.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"4037","endPage":"4049","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":241693,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214009,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hyp.8379"}],"volume":"25","issue":"26","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-12-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0b0ee4b0c8380cd52540","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Senay, G.B. 0000-0002-8810-8539","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8810-8539","contributorId":17741,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Senay","given":"G.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437374,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Leake, S.","contributorId":90551,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leake","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437379,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nagler, P.L. 0000-0003-0674-103X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0674-103X","contributorId":29937,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nagler","given":"P.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437377,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Artan, G.","contributorId":27262,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Artan","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437376,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Dickinson, J.","contributorId":78562,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dickinson","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437378,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Cordova, J.T.","contributorId":7511,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cordova","given":"J.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437373,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Glenn, E. P.","contributorId":24463,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Glenn","given":"E.","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437375,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70032671,"text":"70032671 - 2011 - Building transparent data access for ocean observatories: Coordination of U.S. IOOS DMAC with NSF's OOI Cyberinfrastructure","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:22","indexId":"70032671","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Building transparent data access for ocean observatories: Coordination of U.S. IOOS DMAC with NSF's OOI Cyberinfrastructure","docAbstract":"The NOAA-led U.S. Integrated Ocean Observing System (IOOS) and the National Science Foundation's Ocean Observatories Initiative (OOI) have been collaborating since 2007 on advanced tools and technologies that ensure open access to ocean observations and models. Initial collaboration focused on serving ocean data via cloud computing-a key component of the OOI cyberinfrastructure (CI) architecture. As the OOI transitioned from planning to execution in the Fall of 2009, an OOI/IOOS team developed a customer-based \"use case\" to align more closely with the emerging objectives of OOI-CI team's first software release scheduled for Summer 2011 and provide a quantitative capacity for stress-testing these tools and protocols. A requirements process was initiated with coastal modelers, focusing on improved workflows to deliver ocean observation data. Accomplishments to date include the documentation and assessment of scientific workflows for two \"early adopter\" modeling teams from IOOS Regional partners (Rutgers-the State University of New Jersey and University of Hawaii's School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology) to enable full understanding of data sources and needs; generation of all-inclusive lists of the data sets required and those obtainable through IOOS; a more complete understanding of areas where IOOS can expand data access capabilities to better serve the needs of the modeling community; and development of \"data set agents\" (software) to facilitate data acquisition from numerous data providers and conversions of the data format to the OOI-CI canonical form. ?? 2011 MTS.","largerWorkTitle":"OCEANS'11 - MTS/IEEE Kona, Program Book","conferenceTitle":"MTS/IEEE Kona Conference, OCEANS'11","conferenceDate":"19 September 2011 through 22 September 2011","conferenceLocation":"Kona, HI","language":"English","isbn":"9781457714276","usgsCitation":"Arrott, M., Alexander, C., Graybeal, J., Mueller, C., Signell, R., de La Beaujardière, J., Taylor, A., Wilkin, J., Powell, B., and Orcutt, J., 2011, Building transparent data access for ocean observatories: Coordination of U.S. IOOS DMAC with NSF's OOI Cyberinfrastructure, <i>in</i> OCEANS'11 - MTS/IEEE Kona, Program Book, Kona, HI, 19 September 2011 through 22 September 2011.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":241694,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f2abe4b0c8380cd4b2b4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Arrott, M.","contributorId":38788,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arrott","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437381,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Alexander, Corrine","contributorId":51902,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alexander","given":"Corrine","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437385,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Graybeal, J.","contributorId":84990,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graybeal","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437387,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mueller, C.","contributorId":40201,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mueller","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437383,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Signell, R.","contributorId":76052,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Signell","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437386,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"de La Beaujardière, J.","contributorId":17435,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"de La Beaujardière","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437380,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Taylor, A.","contributorId":87381,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437388,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Wilkin, J.","contributorId":88163,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilkin","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437389,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Powell, B.","contributorId":39721,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Powell","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437382,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Orcutt, J.","contributorId":51457,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Orcutt","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437384,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}}
,{"id":70032678,"text":"70032678 - 2011 - A data-driven approach for modeling post-fire debris-flow volumes and their uncertainty","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-23T13:36:07","indexId":"70032678","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1551,"text":"Environmental Modelling and Software","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A data-driven approach for modeling post-fire debris-flow volumes and their uncertainty","docAbstract":"<p>This study demonstrates the novel application of genetic programming to evolve nonlinear post-fire debris-flow volume equations from variables associated with a data-driven conceptual model of the western United States. The search space is constrained using a multi-component objective function that simultaneously minimizes root-mean squared and unit errors for the evolution of fittest equations. An optimization technique is then used to estimate the limits of nonlinear prediction uncertainty associated with the debris-flow equations. In contrast to a published multiple linear regression three-variable equation, linking basin area with slopes greater or equal to 30 percent, burn severity characterized as area burned moderate plus high, and total storm rainfall, the data-driven approach discovers many nonlinear and several dimensionally consistent equations that are unbiased and have less prediction uncertainty. Of the nonlinear equations, the best performance (lowest prediction uncertainty) is achieved when using three variables: average basin slope, total burned area, and total storm rainfall. Further reduction in uncertainty is possible for the nonlinear equations when dimensional consistency is not a priority and by subsequently applying a gradient solver to the fittest solutions. The data-driven modeling approach can be applied to nonlinear multivariate problems in all fields of study.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier Science","doi":"10.1016/j.envsoft.2011.07.014","issn":"13648152","usgsCitation":"Friedel, M.J., 2011, A data-driven approach for modeling post-fire debris-flow volumes and their uncertainty: Environmental Modelling and Software, v. 26, no. 12, p. 1583-1598, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2011.07.014.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"1583","endPage":"1598","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":241259,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"26","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e3a6e4b0c8380cd4615a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Friedel, Michael J. 0000-0002-5060-3999 mfriedel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5060-3999","contributorId":595,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Friedel","given":"Michael","email":"mfriedel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":437409,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70032682,"text":"70032682 - 2011 - The importance of warm season warming to western U.S. streamflow changes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:23","indexId":"70032682","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The importance of warm season warming to western U.S. streamflow changes","docAbstract":"Warm season climate warming will be a key driver of annual streamflow changes in four major river basins of the western U.S., as shown by hydrological model simulations using fixed precipitation and idealized seasonal temperature changes based on climate projections with SRES A2 forcing. Warm season (April-September) warming reduces streamflow throughout the year; streamflow declines both immediately and in the subsequent cool season. Cool season (October-March) warming, by contrast, increases streamflow immediately, partially compensating for streamflow reductions during the subsequent warm season. A uniform warm season warming of 3C drives a wide range of annual flow declines across the basins: 13.3%, 7.2%, 1.8%, and 3.6% in the Colorado, Columbia, Northern and Southern Sierra basins, respectively. The same warming applied during the cool season gives annual declines of only 3.5%, 1.7%, 2.1%, and 3.1%, respectively. Copyright 2011 by the American Geophysical Union.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geophysical Research Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2011GL049660","issn":"00948276","usgsCitation":"Das, T., Pierce, D., Cayan, D., Vano, J., and Lettenmaier, D., 2011, The importance of warm season warming to western U.S. streamflow changes: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 38, no. 23, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011GL049660.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":475219,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2011gl049660","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":213671,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2011GL049660"},{"id":241322,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"38","issue":"23","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-12-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bad02e4b08c986b3238f6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Das, T.","contributorId":99383,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Das","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437431,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pierce, D.W.","contributorId":23342,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pierce","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437427,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cayan, D.R.","contributorId":25961,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cayan","given":"D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16196,"text":"Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":437428,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Vano, J.A.","contributorId":73018,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vano","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437430,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lettenmaier, D.P.","contributorId":61175,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lettenmaier","given":"D.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437429,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70036668,"text":"70036668 - 2011 - Rating curve estimation of nutrient loads in Iowa rivers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-29T17:00:30.039285","indexId":"70036668","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Rating curve estimation of nutrient loads in Iowa rivers","docAbstract":"<p><span>Accurate estimation of nutrient loads in rivers and streams is critical for many applications including determination of sources of nutrient loads in watersheds, evaluating long-term trends in loads, and estimating loading to downstream waterbodies. Since in many cases nutrient concentrations are measured on a weekly or monthly frequency, there is a need to estimate concentration and loads during periods when no data is available. The objectives of this study were to: (i) document the performance of a multiple regression model to predict loads of nitrate and total phosphorus (TP) in Iowa rivers and streams; (ii) determine whether there is any systematic bias in the load prediction estimates for nitrate and TP; and (iii) evaluate&nbsp;streamflow&nbsp;and concentration factors that could affect the load prediction efficiency. A commonly cited rating curve regression is utilized to estimate riverine nitrate and TP loads for rivers in Iowa with watershed areas ranging from 17.4 to over 34,600</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>km</span><sup>2</sup><span>. Forty-nine nitrate and 44 TP datasets each comprising 5–22</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>years of approximately weekly to monthly concentrations were examined. Three nitrate data sets had sample collection frequencies averaging about three samples per week. The accuracy and precision of annual and long term riverine load prediction was assessed by direct comparison of rating curve load predictions with observed daily loads. Significant positive bias of annual and long term nitrate loads was detected. Long term rating curve nitrate load predictions exceeded observed loads by 25% or more at 33% of the 49 measurement sites. No bias was found for TP load prediction although 15% of the 44 cases either underestimated or overestimate observed long-term loads by more than 25%. The rating curve was found to poorly characterize nitrate and phosphorus variation in some rivers.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2010.11.006","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Stenback, G., Crumpton, W., Schilling, K.E., and Helmers, M., 2011, Rating curve estimation of nutrient loads in Iowa rivers: Journal of Hydrology, v. 396, no. 1-2, p. 158-169, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2010.11.006.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"158","endPage":"169","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":245483,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":217530,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2010.11.006"}],"country":"United States","state":"Iowa","otherGeospatial":"Iowa River 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E.","contributorId":61982,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schilling","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457245,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Helmers, M.J.","contributorId":89380,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Helmers","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457246,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70035527,"text":"70035527 - 2011 - Passage and behaviour of cultured Lake Sturgeon in a prototype side-baffle fish ladder: I. Ladder hydraulics and fish ascent","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-23T20:26:15.705117","indexId":"70035527","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2166,"text":"Journal of Applied Ichthyology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Passage and behaviour of cultured Lake Sturgeon in a prototype side-baffle fish ladder: I. Ladder hydraulics and fish ascent","docAbstract":"<p><span>Research and development of a fish ladder for sturgeons requires understanding ladder hydraulics and sturgeon behaviour in the ladder to insure the ladder is safe and provides effective passage. After years of research and development, we designed and constructed a full‐scale prototype side‐baffle ladder inside a spiral flume (38.3 m long × 1 m wide × 1 m high) on a 6% (1 : 16.5) slope with a 1.92‐m rise in elevation (bottom to top) to test use by sturgeons. Twenty‐eight triangular side baffles, each extending part way across the flume, alternated from inside wall to outside wall down the ladder creating two major flow habitats: a continuous, sinusoidal flow down the ladder through the vertical openings of side‐baffles and an eddy below each side baffle. Ascent and behaviour was observed on 22 cultured Lake Sturgeon = LS (</span><i>Acipenser fulvescens</i><span>) repeatedly tested in groups as juveniles (as small as 105.1 cm TL, mean) or as adults (mean TL, 118 cm) during four periods (fall 2002 and 2003; spring 2003 and 2007). Percent of juveniles entering the ladder that ascended to the top was greater in spring (72.7%) than in fall (40.9–45.5%) and 90.9% of 11 adults, which ascended as juveniles, ascended to the top. Six LS (27.3%) never swam to the top and seven (31.8%) swam to the top in all tests, indicating great variability among individuals for ascent drive. Some LS swam directly to the top in &lt;1 min, but most rested in an eddy during ascent. Juveniles swimming through outside wall baffle slots (mean velocity, 1.2 m s</span><sup>−1</sup><span>) swam at 1.8–2.2 body lengths s</span><sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;and 3.2–3.3 tail beats s</span><sup>−1</sup><span>, either at or approaching prolonged swimming speed. The side‐baffle ladder was stream‐like and provided key factors for a sturgeon ladder: a continuous flow and no full cross‐channel walls, abundant eddies for resting, an acceptable water depth, and a water velocity fish could ascend swimming 2 bl s</span><sup>−1</sup><span>. A side‐baffle ladder passes LS and other moderate‐swimming fishes.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1439-0426.2011.01831.x","issn":"01758659","usgsCitation":"Kynard, B., Pugh, D., and Parker, T., 2011, Passage and behaviour of cultured Lake Sturgeon in a prototype side-baffle fish ladder: I. Ladder hydraulics and fish ascent: Journal of Applied Ichthyology, v. 27, no. SUPPL. 2, p. 77-88, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0426.2011.01831.x.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"77","endPage":"88","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":475622,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0426.2011.01831.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":244003,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216154,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0426.2011.01831.x"}],"volume":"27","issue":"SUPPL. 2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-12-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a756fe4b0c8380cd77b4b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kynard, B.","contributorId":51232,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kynard","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451090,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pugh, D.","contributorId":99367,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pugh","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451092,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Parker, T.","contributorId":90901,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parker","given":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451091,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70036189,"text":"70036189 - 2011 - Estimating phosphorus availability for microbial growth in an emerging landscape","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-05-14T09:22:16","indexId":"70036189","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1760,"text":"Geoderma","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating phosphorus availability for microbial growth in an emerging landscape","docAbstract":"Estimating phosphorus (P) availability is difficult—particularly in infertile soils such as those exposed after glacial recession—because standard P extraction methods may not mimic biological acquisition pathways. We developed an approach, based on microbial CO<sub>2</sub> production kinetics and conserved carbon:phosphorus (C:P) ratios, to estimate the amount of P available for microbial growth in soils and compared this method to traditional, operationally-defined indicators of P availability. Along a primary succession gradient in the High Andes of Perú, P additions stimulated the growth-related (logistic) kinetics of glutamate mineralization in soils that had been deglaciated from 0 to 5 years suggesting that microbial growth was limited by soil P availability. We then used a logistic model to estimate the amount of C incorporated into biomass in P-limited soils, allowing us to estimate total microbial P uptake based on a conservative C:P ratio of 28:1 (mass:mass). Using this approach, we estimated that there was < 1 μg/g of microbial-available P in recently de-glaciated soils in both years of this study. These estimates fell well below estimates of available soil P obtained using traditional extraction procedures. Our results give both theoretical and practical insights into the kinetics of C and P utilization in young soils, as well as show changes in microbial P availability during early stages of soil development.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geoderma","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.geoderma.2011.04.014","issn":"00167061","usgsCitation":"Schmidt, S., Cleveland, C., Nemergut, D., Reed, S., King, A., and Sowell, P., 2011, Estimating phosphorus availability for microbial growth in an emerging landscape: Geoderma, v. 163, no. 1-2, p. 135-140, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2011.04.014.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"135","endPage":"140","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":246148,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":218163,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2011.04.014"}],"volume":"163","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0b37e4b0c8380cd52613","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schmidt, S.K.","contributorId":58412,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmidt","given":"S.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454729,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cleveland, C.C.","contributorId":62387,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cleveland","given":"C.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454731,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nemergut, D.R.","contributorId":68998,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nemergut","given":"D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454732,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Reed, S.C.","contributorId":72166,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reed","given":"S.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454733,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"King, A.J.","contributorId":62061,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"King","given":"A.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454730,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Sowell, P.","contributorId":7949,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sowell","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454728,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70035429,"text":"70035429 - 2011 - Invertebrate availability and vegetation characteristics explain use of nonnesting cover types by mature-forest songbirds during the postfledging period","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-24T18:56:16.347009","indexId":"70035429","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2284,"text":"Journal of Field Ornithology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Invertebrate availability and vegetation characteristics explain use of nonnesting cover types by mature-forest songbirds during the postfledging period","docAbstract":"<p><span>Some species of mature‐forest‐nesting songbirds use regenerating clearcuts and forested wetlands during the postfledging period (between nesting and migration). Relatively dense vegetation structure and abundant food resources in non‐mature‐forest cover types have been hypothesized to explain this phenomenon. We examined the relative importance of vegetation structure and invertebrate availability on use of nonnesting cover types by adult and hatch‐year Ovenbirds (</span><i>Seiurus aurocapilla</i><span>) and American Redstarts (</span><i>Setophaga ruticilla</i><span>) during the postfledging period of 2009 in northern Minnesota. We used mist nets to sample bird use of forested wetlands and regenerating clearcuts of three age groups: 1–6, 7–12, and 16–19 yr after harvest. We modeled captures of birds using vegetation characteristics and invertebrate availability sampled around nets as explanatory variables. For all birds studied, captures were best explained by food availability and secondarily by vegetation characteristics including litter depth and woody debris for Ovenbirds and canopy height for American Redstarts. Shrub‐level invertebrate availability received a cumulative weight of 0.74–0.99 in Akaike's information criterion corrected ranked models for adult and hatch‐year birds of both species. Vegetation density and variation in vegetation density explained almost no variation in captures of either species. We conclude that both invertebrate availability and some vegetation characteristics influence use of nonnesting cover types by Ovenbirds and American Redstarts during the postfledging period, but that invertebrate availability is generally the stronger predictor of that use.</span></p>","language":"English, Spanish","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1557-9263.2011.00343.x","issn":"02738570","usgsCitation":"Streby, H.M., Peterson, S.M., and Andersen, D., 2011, Invertebrate availability and vegetation characteristics explain use of nonnesting cover types by mature-forest songbirds during the postfledging period: Journal of Field Ornithology, v. 82, no. 4, p. 406-414, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1557-9263.2011.00343.x.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"406","endPage":"414","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":243180,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215381,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1557-9263.2011.00343.x"}],"volume":"82","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-11-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3e59e4b0c8380cd63cdc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Streby, Henry M.","contributorId":11024,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Streby","given":"Henry","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":12455,"text":"University of Toledo","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":450621,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Peterson, Sean M.","contributorId":9354,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Peterson","given":"Sean","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":34539,"text":"Minnesota Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":13013,"text":"Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":450620,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Andersen, David E. 0000-0001-9535-3404 dea@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9535-3404","contributorId":2168,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andersen","given":"David E.","email":"dea@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":34539,"text":"Minnesota Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":450622,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70033785,"text":"70033785 - 2011 - Comparison of Two Parametric Methods to Estimate Pesticide Mass Loads in California's Central Valley","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-15T13:34:13","indexId":"70033785","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2529,"text":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparison of Two Parametric Methods to Estimate Pesticide Mass Loads in California's Central Valley","docAbstract":"Mass loadings were calculated for four pesticides in two watersheds with different land uses in the Central Valley, California, by using two parametric models: (1) the Seasonal Wave model (SeaWave), in which a pulse signal is used to describe the annual cycle of pesticide occurrence in a stream, and (2) the Sine Wave model, in which first-order Fourier series sine and cosine terms are used to simulate seasonal mass loading patterns. The models were applied to data collected during water years 1997 through 2005. The pesticides modeled were carbaryl, diazinon, metolachlor, and molinate. Results from the two models show that the ability to capture seasonal variations in pesticide concentrations was affected by pesticide use patterns and the methods by which pesticides are transported to streams. Estimated seasonal loads compared well with results from previous studies for both models. Loads estimated by the two models did not differ significantly from each other, with the exceptions of carbaryl and molinate during the precipitation season, where loads were affected by application patterns and rainfall. However, in watersheds with variable and intermittent pesticide applications, the SeaWave model is more suitable for use on the basis of its robust capability of describing seasonal variation of pesticide concentrations. ?? 2010 American Water Resources Association. This article is a US Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.2010.00506.x","issn":"1093474X","usgsCitation":"Saleh, D., Lorenz, D., and Domagalski, J.L., 2011, Comparison of Two Parametric Methods to Estimate Pesticide Mass Loads in California's Central Valley: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 47, no. 2, p. 254-264, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2010.00506.x.","startPage":"254","endPage":"264","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":242263,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214529,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2010.00506.x"}],"volume":"47","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-12-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f849e4b0c8380cd4cfc3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Saleh, D.K. 0000-0002-1406-9303","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1406-9303","contributorId":82748,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Saleh","given":"D.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442462,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lorenz, D. L.","contributorId":10776,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lorenz","given":"D. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442460,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Domagalski, Joseph L. 0000-0002-6032-757X joed@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6032-757X","contributorId":1330,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Domagalski","given":"Joseph","email":"joed@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":442461,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70033787,"text":"70033787 - 2011 - Lithosphere-asthenosphere interaction beneath the western United States from the joint inversion of body-wave traveltimes and surface-wave phase velocities","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:25","indexId":"70033787","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1803,"text":"Geophysical Journal International","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Lithosphere-asthenosphere interaction beneath the western United States from the joint inversion of body-wave traveltimes and surface-wave phase velocities","docAbstract":"The relation between the complex geological history of the western margin of the North American plate and the processes in the mantle is still not fully documented and understood. Several pre-USArray local seismic studies showed how the characteristics of key geological features such as the Colorado Plateau and the Yellowstone Snake River Plains are linked to their deep mantle structure. Recent body-wave models based on the deployment of the high density, large aperture USArray have provided far more details on the mantle structure while surface-wave tomography (ballistic waves and noise correlations) informs us on the shallow structure. Here we combine constraints from these two data sets to image and study the link between the geology of the western United States, the shallow structure of the Earth and the convective processes in mantle. Our multiphase DNA10-S model provides new constraints on the extent of the Archean lithosphere imaged as a large, deeply rooted fast body that encompasses the stable Great Plains and a large portion of the Northern and Central Rocky Mountains. Widespread slow anomalies are found in the lower crust and upper mantle, suggesting that low-density rocks isostatically sustain part of the high topography of the western United States. The Yellowstone anomaly is imaged as a large slow body rising from the lower mantle, intruding the overlying lithosphere and controlling locally the seismicity and the topography. The large E-W extent of the USArray used in this study allows imaging the 'slab graveyard', a sequence of Farallon fragments aligned with the currently subducting Juan de Fuca Slab, north of the Mendocino Triple Junction. The lithospheric root of the Colorado Plateau has apparently been weakened and partly removed through dripping. The distribution of the slower regions around the Colorado Plateau and other rigid blocks follows closely the trend of Cenozoic volcanic fields and ancient lithospheric sutures, suggesting that the later exert a control on the locus of magmato-tectonic activity today. The DNA velocity models are available for download and slicing at http://dna.berkeley.edu. ?? 2011 The Authors Geophysical Journal International ?? 2011 RAS.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geophysical Journal International","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-246X.2011.04990.x","issn":"0956540X","usgsCitation":"Obrebski, M., Allen, R.M., Pollitz, F., and Hung, S., 2011, Lithosphere-asthenosphere interaction beneath the western United States from the joint inversion of body-wave traveltimes and surface-wave phase velocities: Geophysical Journal International, v. 185, no. 2, p. 1003-1021, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.2011.04990.x.","startPage":"1003","endPage":"1021","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":475379,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246x.2011.04990.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":214563,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.2011.04990.x"},{"id":242298,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"185","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-03-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4892e4b0c8380cd67f6b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Obrebski, M.","contributorId":58853,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Obrebski","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442472,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Allen, R. M.","contributorId":36170,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Allen","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442471,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pollitz, F.","contributorId":66449,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pollitz","given":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442474,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hung, S.-H.","contributorId":59261,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hung","given":"S.-H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442473,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70033791,"text":"70033791 - 2011 - Trends in pesticide concentrations in streams of the western United States, 1993-2005","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-17T09:53:28","indexId":"70033791","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2529,"text":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Trends in pesticide concentrations in streams of the western United States, 1993-2005","docAbstract":"<p><span>Trends in pesticide concentrations for 15 streams in California, Oregon, Washington, and Idaho were determined for the organophosphate insecticides chlorpyrifos and diazinon and the herbicides atrazine, s‐ethyl diproplythiocarbamate (EPTC), metolachlor, simazine, and trifluralin. A parametric regression model was used to account for flow, seasonality, and antecedent hydrologic conditions and thereby estimate trends in pesticide concentrations in streams arising from changes in use amount and application method in their associated catchments. Decreasing trends most often were observed for diazinon, and reflect the shift to alternative pesticides by farmers, commercial applicators, and homeowners because of use restrictions and product cancelation. Consistent trends were observed for several herbicides, including upward trends in simazine at urban‐influenced sites from 2000 to 2005, and downward trends in atrazine and EPTC at agricultural sites from the mid‐1990s to 2005. The model provided additional information about pesticide occurrence and transport in the modeled streams. Two examples are presented and briefly discussed: (1) timing of peak concentrations for individual compounds varied greatly across this geographic gradient because of different application periods and the effects of local rain patterns, irrigation, and soil drainage and (2) reconstructions of continuous diazinon concentrations at sites in California are used to evaluate compliance with total maximum daily load targets.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Water Resources Association","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.2010.00507.x","issn":"1093474X","usgsCitation":"Johnson, H.M., Domagalski, J.L., and Saleh, D., 2011, Trends in pesticide concentrations in streams of the western United States, 1993-2005: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 47, no. 2, p. 265-286, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2010.00507.x.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"265","endPage":"286","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":487145,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2010.00507.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":241839,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214145,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2010.00507.x"}],"country":"United States","volume":"47","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-12-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb7d9e4b08c986b32750d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, Henry M. 0000-0002-7571-4994 hjohnson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7571-4994","contributorId":869,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Henry","email":"hjohnson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":442494,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Domagalski, Joseph L. 0000-0002-6032-757X joed@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6032-757X","contributorId":1330,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Domagalski","given":"Joseph","email":"joed@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":442493,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Saleh, Dina 0000-0002-1406-9303 dsaleh@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1406-9303","contributorId":939,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Saleh","given":"Dina","email":"dsaleh@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":442495,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70033819,"text":"70033819 - 2011 - The ShakeOut earthquake source and ground motion simulations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-12-14T13:49:58","indexId":"70033819","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1436,"text":"Earthquake Spectra","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The ShakeOut earthquake source and ground motion simulations","docAbstract":"The ShakeOut Scenario is premised upon the detailed description of a hypothetical <i>M<sub>w</sub></i> 7.8 earthquake on the southern San Andreas Fault and the associated simulated ground motions. The main features of the scenario, such as its endpoints, magnitude, and gross slip distribution, were defined through expert opinion and incorporated information from many previous studies. Slip at smaller length scales, rupture speed, and rise time were constrained using empirical relationships and experience gained from previous strong-motion modeling. Using this rupture description and a 3-D model of the crust, broadband ground motions were computed over a large region of Southern California. The largest simulated peak ground acceleration (PGA) and peak ground velocity (PGV) generally range from 0.5 to 1.0 g and 100 to 250 cm/s, respectively, with the waveforms exhibiting strong directivity and basin effects. Use of a slip-predictable model results in a high static stress drop event and produces ground motions somewhat higher than median level predictions from NGA ground motion prediction equations (GMPEs).","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Earthquake Spectra","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"EERI","publisherLocation":"Oakland, CA","doi":"10.1193/1.3570677","issn":"87552930","usgsCitation":"Graves, R., Houston, D.B., and Hudnut, K., 2011, The ShakeOut earthquake source and ground motion simulations: Earthquake Spectra, v. 27, no. 2, p. 273-291, https://doi.org/10.1193/1.3570677.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"273","endPage":"291","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":214114,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.3570677"},{"id":241806,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"27","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba8e7e4b08c986b321f1c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Graves, R.W. 0000-0001-9758-453X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9758-453X","contributorId":77691,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graves","given":"R.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442693,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Houston, Douglas B.","contributorId":25326,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Houston","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442692,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hudnut, K.W.","contributorId":25179,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hudnut","given":"K.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442691,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70033822,"text":"70033822 - 2011 - Seasonal variations in ectotherm growth rates: Quantifying growth as an intermittent non steady state compensatory process","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-14T09:14:50","indexId":"70033822","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2449,"text":"Journal of Sea Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seasonal variations in ectotherm growth rates: Quantifying growth as an intermittent non steady state compensatory process","docAbstract":"<p>Generally, growth rates of living organisms are considered to be at steady state, varying only under environmental forcing factors. For example, these rates may be described as a function of light for plants or organic food resources for animals and these could be regulated (or not) by temperature or other conditions. But, what are the consequences for an individual's growth (and also for the population growth) if growth rate variations are themselves dynamic and not steady state? For organisms presenting phases of dormancy or long periods of stress, this is a crucial question. A dynamic perspective for quantifying short-term growth was explored using the daily growth record of the scallop Pecten maximus (L.). This species is a good biological model for ectotherm growth because the shell records growth striae daily. Independently, a generic mathematical function representing the dynamics of mean daily growth rate (MDGR) was implemented to simulate a diverse set of growth patterns. Once the function was calibrated with the striae patterns, the growth rate dynamics appeared as a forced damped oscillation during the growth period having a basic periodicity during two transitory phases (mean duration 43. days) and appearing at both growth start and growth end. This phase is most likely due to the internal dynamics of energy transfer within the organism rather than to external forcing factors. After growth restart, the transitory regime represents successive phases of over-growth and regulation. This pattern corresponds to a typical representation of compensatory growth, which from an evolutionary perspective can be interpreted as an adaptive strategy to coping with a fluctuating environment.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.seares.2011.02.001","issn":"13851101","usgsCitation":"Guarini, J.-., Chauvaud, L., Cloern, J.E., Clavier, J., Coston-Guarini, J., and Patry, Y., 2011, Seasonal variations in ectotherm growth rates: Quantifying growth as an intermittent non steady state compensatory process: Journal of Sea Research, v. 65, no. 3, p. 355-361, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seares.2011.02.001.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"355","endPage":"361","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":241874,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"65","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b88f0e4b08c986b316c51","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Guarini, J. -M.","contributorId":64829,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Guarini","given":"J.","middleInitial":"-M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442705,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chauvaud, Laurent","contributorId":72982,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chauvaud","given":"Laurent","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442707,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cloern, James E. 0000-0002-5880-6862 jecloern@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5880-6862","contributorId":1488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cloern","given":"James","email":"jecloern@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":779377,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Clavier, J.","contributorId":38789,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clavier","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442702,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Coston-Guarini, J.","contributorId":67307,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coston-Guarini","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442706,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Patry, Y.","contributorId":59641,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Patry","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442704,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70033866,"text":"70033866 - 2011 - Modeling PSInSAR time series without phase unwrapping","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-06T13:55:05","indexId":"70033866","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1944,"text":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modeling PSInSAR time series without phase unwrapping","docAbstract":"<p><span>In this paper, we propose a least-squares-based method for multitemporal synthetic aperture radar interferometry that allows one to estimate deformations without the need of phase unwrapping. The method utilizes a series of multimaster wrapped differential interferograms with short baselines and focuses on arcs at which there are no phase ambiguities. An outlier detector is used to identify and remove the arcs with phase ambiguities, and a pseudoinverse of the variance-covariance matrix is used as the weight matrix of the correlated observations. The deformation rates at coherent points are estimated with a least squares model constrained by reference points. The proposed approach is verified with a set of simulated data.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"IEEE","doi":"10.1109/TGRS.2010.2052625","issn":"01962892","usgsCitation":"Zhang, L., Ding, X., and Lu, Z., 2011, Modeling PSInSAR time series without phase unwrapping: IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, v. 49, no. 1, p. 547-556, https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2010.2052625.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"547","endPage":"556","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":242041,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214324,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2010.2052625"}],"volume":"49","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5bcbe4b0c8380cd6f7e6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zhang, L.","contributorId":41543,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhang","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442902,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ding, X.","contributorId":49990,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ding","given":"X.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442903,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lu, Z.","contributorId":106241,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lu","given":"Z.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442904,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70033873,"text":"70033873 - 2011 - Using a genetic mixture model to study phenotypic traits: Differential fecundity among Yukon river Chinook Salmon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-23T10:26:01","indexId":"70033873","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Using a genetic mixture model to study phenotypic traits: Differential fecundity among Yukon river Chinook Salmon","docAbstract":"<p><span>Fecundity is a vital population characteristic that is directly linked to the productivity of fish populations. Historic data from Yukon River (Alaska) Chinook salmon&nbsp;</span><i>Oncorhynchus tshawytscha</i><span><span>&nbsp;</span>suggest that length‐adjusted fecundity differs among populations within the drainage and either is temporally variable or has declined. Yukon River Chinook salmon have been harvested in large‐mesh gill‐net fisheries for decades, and a decline in fecundity was considered a potential evolutionary response to size‐selective exploitation. The implications for fishery conservation and management led us to further investigate the fecundity of Yukon River Chinook salmon populations. Matched observations of fecundity, length, and genotype were collected from a sample of adult females captured from the multipopulation spawning migration near the mouth of the Yukon River in 2008. These data were modeled by using a new mixture model, which was developed by extending the conditional maximum likelihood mixture model that is commonly used to estimate the composition of multipopulation mixtures based on genetic data. The new model facilitates maximum likelihood estimation of stock‐specific fecundity parameters without first using individual assignment to a putative population of origin, thus avoiding potential biases caused by assignment error. The hypothesis that fecundity of Chinook salmon has declined was not supported; this result implies that fecundity exhibits high interannual variability. However, length‐adjusted fecundity estimates decreased as migratory distance increased, and fecundity was more strongly dependent on fish size for populations spawning in the middle and upper portions of the drainage. These findings provide insights into potential constraints on reproductive investment imposed by long migrations and warrant consideration in fisheries management and conservation. The new mixture model extends the utility of genetic markers to new applications and can be easily adapted to study any observable trait or condition that may vary among populations.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1080/00028487.2011.558776","issn":"00028487","usgsCitation":"Bromaghin, J.F., Evenson, D., McLain, T., and Flannery, B.G., 2011, Using a genetic mixture model to study phenotypic traits: Differential fecundity among Yukon river Chinook Salmon: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 140, no. 2, p. 235-249, https://doi.org/10.1080/00028487.2011.558776.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"235","endPage":"249","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":242205,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214477,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00028487.2011.558776"}],"volume":"140","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-03-16","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc021e4b08c986b329f47","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bromaghin, Jeffrey F. 0000-0002-7209-9500 jbromaghin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7209-9500","contributorId":139899,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bromaghin","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jbromaghin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":442956,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Evenson, D.F.","contributorId":104356,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evenson","given":"D.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442958,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McLain, T.H.","contributorId":15899,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McLain","given":"T.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442955,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Flannery, Blair G.","contributorId":95675,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Flannery","given":"Blair","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442957,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70033875,"text":"70033875 - 2011 - Predicting community responses to perturbations in the face of imperfect knowledge and network complexity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:30","indexId":"70033875","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1465,"text":"Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Predicting community responses to perturbations in the face of imperfect knowledge and network complexity","docAbstract":"How best to predict the effects of perturbations to ecological communities has been a long-standing goal for both applied and basic ecology. This quest has recently been revived by new empirical data, new analysis methods, and increased computing speed, with the promise that ecologically important insights may be obtainable from a limited knowledge of community interactions. We use empirically based and simulated networks of varying size and connectance to assess two limitations to predicting perturbation responses in multispecies communities: (1) the inaccuracy by which species interaction strengths are empirically quantified and (2) the indeterminacy of species responses due to indirect effects associated with network size and structure. We find that even modest levels of species richness and connectance (??25 pairwise interactions) impose high requirements for interaction strength estimates because system indeterminacy rapidly overwhelms predictive insights. Nevertheless, even poorly estimated interaction strengths provide greater average predictive certainty than an approach that uses only the sign of each interaction. Our simulations provide guidance in dealing with the trade-offs involved in maximizing the utility of network approaches for predicting dynamics in multispecies communities. ?? 2011 by the Ecological Society of America.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1890/10-1354.1","issn":"00129658","usgsCitation":"Novak, M., Wootton, J., Doak, D., Emmerson, M., Estes, J.A., and Tinker, M.T., 2011, Predicting community responses to perturbations in the face of imperfect knowledge and network complexity: Ecology, v. 92, no. 4, p. 836-846, https://doi.org/10.1890/10-1354.1.","startPage":"836","endPage":"846","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214504,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1890/10-1354.1"},{"id":242237,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"92","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a81b1e4b0c8380cd7b699","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Novak, M.","contributorId":6248,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Novak","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442966,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wootton, J.T.","contributorId":60460,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wootton","given":"J.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442971,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Doak, D.F.","contributorId":39729,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doak","given":"D.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442968,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Emmerson, M.","contributorId":18591,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Emmerson","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442967,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Estes, J. A.","contributorId":53319,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Estes","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442969,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Tinker, M. T. 0000-0002-3314-839X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3314-839X","contributorId":54152,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tinker","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442970,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70033879,"text":"70033879 - 2011 - A Bayesian network to predict coastal vulnerability to sea level rise","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:30","indexId":"70033879","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2318,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research F: Earth Surface","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A Bayesian network to predict coastal vulnerability to sea level rise","docAbstract":"Sea level rise during the 21st century will have a wide range of effects on coastal environments, human development, and infrastructure in coastal areas. The broad range of complex factors influencing coastal systems contributes to large uncertainties in predicting long-term sea level rise impacts. Here we explore and demonstrate the capabilities of a Bayesian network (BN) to predict long-term shoreline change associated with sea level rise and make quantitative assessments of prediction uncertainty. A BN is used to define relationships between driving forces, geologic constraints, and coastal response for the U.S. Atlantic coast that include observations of local rates of relative sea level rise, wave height, tide range, geomorphic classification, coastal slope, and shoreline change rate. The BN is used to make probabilistic predictions of shoreline retreat in response to different future sea level rise rates. Results demonstrate that the probability of shoreline retreat increases with higher rates of sea level rise. Where more specific information is included, the probability of shoreline change increases in a number of cases, indicating more confident predictions. A hindcast evaluation of the BN indicates that the network correctly predicts 71% of the cases. Evaluation of the results using Brier skill and log likelihood ratio scores indicates that the network provides shoreline change predictions that are better than the prior probability. Shoreline change outcomes indicating stability (-1 < rate < 1 m/yr) or erosion (rate < -1 m/yr) tend to occur for two sets of input scenarios. Stable shoreline change rates occur mainly for low rates of relative sea level rise and occur in low-vulnerability geomorphic settings. Rates indicating erosion result for cases where the rate of relative sea level rise is high and moderate-to-high vulnerability geomorphic settings occur. In contrast, accretion (rate > 1 m/yr) was not well predicted. We find that BNs can assimilate important factors contributing to coastal change in response to sea level rise and can make quantitative, probabilistic predictions that can be applied to coastal management decisions. Copyright ?? 2011 by the American Geophysical Union.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research F: Earth Surface","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2010JF001891","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Gutierrez, B., Plant, N., and Thieler, E., 2011, A Bayesian network to predict coastal vulnerability to sea level rise: Journal of Geophysical Research F: Earth Surface, v. 116, no. 2, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JF001891.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":475380,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2010jf001891","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":214535,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2010JF001891"},{"id":242270,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"116","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-04-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e2c8e4b0c8380cd45c4d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gutierrez, B.T.","contributorId":86571,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gutierrez","given":"B.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442985,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Plant, N.G.","contributorId":94023,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plant","given":"N.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442987,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thieler, E.R. 0000-0003-4311-9717","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4311-9717","contributorId":93082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thieler","given":"E.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442986,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70033900,"text":"70033900 - 2011 - Effects of human-induced alteration of groundwater flow on concentrations of naturally-occurring trace elements at water-supply wells","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-11T12:11:46","indexId":"70033900","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of human-induced alteration of groundwater flow on concentrations of naturally-occurring trace elements at water-supply wells","docAbstract":"The effects of human-induced alteration of groundwater flow patterns on concentrations of naturally-occurring trace elements were examined in five hydrologically distinct aquifer systems in the USA. Although naturally occurring, these trace elements can exceed concentrations that are considered harmful to human health. The results show that pumping-induced hydraulic gradient changes and artificial connection of aquifers by well screens can mix chemically distinct groundwater. Chemical reactions between these mixed groundwaters and solid aquifer materials can result in the mobilization of trace elements such as U, As and Ra, with subsequent transport to water-supply wells. For example, in the High Plains aquifer near York, Nebraska, mixing of shallow, oxygenated, lower-pH water from an unconfined aquifer with deeper, confined, anoxic, higher-pH water is facilitated by wells screened across both aquifers. The resulting higher-O2, lower-pH mixed groundwater facilitated the mobilization of U from solid aquifer materials, and dissolved U concentrations were observed to increase significantly in nearby supply wells. Similar instances of trace element mobilization due to human-induced mixing of groundwaters were documented in: (1) the Floridan aquifer system near Tampa, Florida (As and U), (2) Paleozoic sedimentary aquifers in eastern Wisconsin (As), (3) the basin-fill aquifer underlying the California Central Valley near Modesto (U), and (4) Coastal Plain aquifers of New Jersey (Ra). Adverse water-quality impacts attributed to human activities are commonly assumed to be related solely to the release of the various anthropogenic contaminants to the environment. The results show that human activities including various land uses, well drilling, and pumping rates and volumes can adversely impact the quality of water in supply wells, when associated with naturally-occurring trace elements in aquifer materials. This occurs by causing subtle but significant changes in geochemistry and associated trace element mobilization as well as enhancing advective transport processes.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2011.01.033","issn":"08832927","usgsCitation":"Ayotte, J., Szabo, Z., Focazio, M., and Eberts, S.M., 2011, Effects of human-induced alteration of groundwater flow on concentrations of naturally-occurring trace elements at water-supply wells: Applied Geochemistry, v. 26, no. 5, p. 747-762, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2011.01.033.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"747","endPage":"762","costCenters":[{"id":468,"text":"New Hampshire-Vermont Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475382,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2011.01.033","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":242074,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -126.21093749999999,\n              49.49667452747045\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.98046874999999,\n              46.07323062540835\n            ],\n            [\n              -125.68359374999999,\n              42.032974332441405\n            ],\n            [\n              -125.33203125,\n              39.232253141714885\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.87109375,\n              36.1733569352216\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.53125,\n              33.43144133557529\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.3671875,\n              32.69486597787505\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.4453125,\n              31.50362930577303\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.875,\n              31.653381399664\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.97656249999999,\n              25.005972656239187\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.625,\n              27.68352808378776\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.98828125,\n              29.38217507514529\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.59374999999999,\n              28.613459424004414\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.24218749999999,\n              29.84064389983441\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.90234375,\n              28.613459424004414\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.68359375,\n              24.046463999666567\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.1015625,\n              25.48295117535531\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.92578124999999,\n              30.751277776257812\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.46484375,\n              34.59704151614417\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.70703125,\n              37.020098201368114\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.30078125,\n              38.8225909761771\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.48828125,\n              40.84706035607122\n            ],\n            [\n              -67.5,\n              43.83452678223682\n            ],\n            [\n              -67.5,\n              47.27922900257082\n            ],\n            [\n              -69.78515625,\n              47.27922900257082\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.76171875,\n              45.82879925192134\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.73828125,\n              42.16340342422401\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.85937499999999,\n              45.089035564831036\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.19921875,\n              46.92025531537451\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.8671875,\n              49.38237278700955\n            ],\n            [\n              -126.21093749999999,\n              49.49667452747045\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"26","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a071ae4b0c8380cd51569","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ayotte, J. D.","contributorId":96667,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ayotte","given":"J. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443099,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Szabo, Z. 0000-0002-0760-9607","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0760-9607","contributorId":44302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Szabo","given":"Z.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443097,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Focazio, M. J.","contributorId":62997,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Focazio","given":"M. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443098,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Eberts, S. M.","contributorId":28276,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eberts","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443096,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70033903,"text":"70033903 - 2011 - Field flume reveals aquatic vegetation's role in sediment and particulate phosphorus transport in a shallow aquatic ecosystem","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-05-14T16:29:27","indexId":"70033903","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1801,"text":"Geomorphology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Field flume reveals aquatic vegetation's role in sediment and particulate phosphorus transport in a shallow aquatic ecosystem","docAbstract":"Flow interactions with aquatic vegetation and effects on sediment transport and nutrient redistribution are uncertain in shallow aquatic ecosystems. Here we quantified sediment transport in the Everglades by progressively increasing flow velocity in a field flume constructed around undisturbed bed sediment and emergent macrophytes. Suspended sediment < 100 μm was dominant in the lower range of laminar flow and was supplied by detachment from epiphyton. Sediment flux increased by a factor of four and coarse flocculent sediment > 100 μm became dominant at higher velocity steps after a threshold shear stress for bed floc entrainment was exceeded. Shedding of vortices that had formed downstream of plant stems also occurred on that velocity step which promoted additional sediment detachment from epiphyton. Modeling determined that the potentially entrainable sediment reservoir, 46 g m<sup>−2</sup>, was similar to the reservoir of epiphyton (66 g m<sup>−2</sup>) but smaller than the reservoir of flocculent bed sediment (330 g m<sup>−2</sup>). All suspended sediment was enriched in phosphorus (by approximately twenty times) compared with bulk sediment on the bed surface and on plant stems, indicating that the most easily entrainable sediment is also the most nutrient rich (and likely the most biologically active).","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geomorphology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.geomorph.2010.03.028","issn":"0169555X","usgsCitation":"Harvey, J., Noe, G., Larsen, L., Nowacki, D., and McPhillips, L., 2011, Field flume reveals aquatic vegetation's role in sediment and particulate phosphorus transport in a shallow aquatic ecosystem: Geomorphology, v. 126, no. 3-4, p. 297-313, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2010.03.028.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"297","endPage":"313","costCenters":[{"id":434,"text":"National Research Program","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":242107,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214384,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2010.03.028"}],"volume":"126","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0fb8e4b0c8380cd539c1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harvey, J. W. 0000-0002-2654-9873","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2654-9873","contributorId":39725,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harvey","given":"J. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443106,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Noe, G.B.","contributorId":66464,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Noe","given":"G.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443108,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Larsen, L. G.","contributorId":50741,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larsen","given":"L. G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443107,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nowacki, D.J.","contributorId":66498,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nowacki","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443109,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"McPhillips, L.E.","contributorId":68547,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McPhillips","given":"L.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443110,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70035273,"text":"70035273 - 2011 - Exchange of groundwater and surface-water mediated by permafrost response to seasonal and long term air temperature variation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:54","indexId":"70035273","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Exchange of groundwater and surface-water mediated by permafrost response to seasonal and long term air temperature variation","docAbstract":"Permafrost dynamics impact hydrologic cycle processes by promoting or impeding groundwater and surface water exchange. Under seasonal and decadal air temperature variations, permafrost temperature changes control the exchanges between groundwater and surface water. A coupled heat transport and groundwater flow model, SUTRA, was modified to simulate groundwater flow and heat transport in the subsurface containing permafrost. The northern central Tibet Plateau was used as an example of model application. Modeling results show that in a yearly cycle, groundwater flow occurs in the active layer from May to October. Maximum groundwater discharge to the surface lags the maximum subsurface temperature by two months. Under an increasing air temperature scenario of 3C per 100 years, over the initial 40-year period, the active layer thickness can increase by three-fold. Annual groundwater discharge to the surface can experience a similar three-fold increase in the same period. An implication of these modeling results is that with increased warming there will be more groundwater flow in the active layer and therefore increased groundwater discharge to rivers. However, this finding only holds if sufficient upgradient water is available to replenish the increased discharge. Otherwise, there will be an overall lowering of the water table in the recharge portion of the catchment. Copyright 2011 by the American Geophysical Union.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geophysical Research Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2011GL047911","issn":"00948276","usgsCitation":"Ge, S., McKenzie, J., Voss, C., and Wu, Q., 2011, Exchange of groundwater and surface-water mediated by permafrost response to seasonal and long term air temperature variation: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 38, no. 14, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011GL047911.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":475059,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2011gl047911","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":243101,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215306,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2011GL047911"}],"volume":"38","issue":"14","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-07-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0da8e4b0c8380cd53121","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ge, S.","contributorId":37905,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ge","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449978,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McKenzie, J.","contributorId":30375,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKenzie","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449977,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Voss, C.","contributorId":104723,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Voss","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449980,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wu, Q.","contributorId":93291,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wu","given":"Q.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449979,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70035272,"text":"70035272 - 2011 - Near-field hazard assessment of March 11, 2011 Japan Tsunami sources inferred from different methods","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-03-08T12:35:24.696834","indexId":"70035272","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Near-field hazard assessment of March 11, 2011 Japan Tsunami sources inferred from different methods","docAbstract":"<p><span>Tsunami source is the origin of the subsequent transoceanic water waves, and thus the most critical component in modern tsunami forecast methodology. Although impractical to be quantified directly, a tsunami source can be estimated by different methods based on a variety of measurements provided by deep-ocean tsunameters, seismometers, GPS, and other advanced instruments, some in real time, some in post real-time. Here we assess these different sources of the devastating March 11, 2011 Japan tsunami by model-data comparison for generation, propagation and inundation in the near field of Japan. This study provides a comparative study to further understand the advantages and shortcomings of different methods that may be potentially used in real-time warning and forecast of tsunami hazards, especially in the near field. The model study also highlights the critical role of deep-ocean tsunami measurements for high-quality tsunami forecast, and its combination with land GPS measurements may lead to better understanding of both the earthquake mechanisms and tsunami generation process.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"largerWorkTitle":"OCEANS'11 - MTS/IEEE Kona, Program Book","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"conferenceTitle":"MTS/IEEE Kona Conference, OCEANS'11","conferenceDate":"September 19-22, 2011","conferenceLocation":"Kona, HI","language":"English","publisher":"IEEE","doi":"10.23919/OCEANS.2011.6107294","isbn":"9781457714276","usgsCitation":"Wei, Y., Titov, V., Newman, A., Hayes, G., Tang, L., and Chamberlin, C., 2011, Near-field hazard assessment of March 11, 2011 Japan Tsunami sources inferred from different methods, <i>in</i> OCEANS'11 - MTS/IEEE Kona, Program Book, Kona, HI, September 19-22, 2011, 9 p., https://doi.org/10.23919/OCEANS.2011.6107294.","productDescription":"9 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":243070,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Japan","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"MultiPolygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[[134.63843,34.14923],[134.76638,33.80633],[134.20342,33.20118],[133.79295,33.52199],[133.28027,33.28957],[133.01486,32.70457],[132.36311,32.98938],[132.37118,33.46364],[132.92437,34.0603],[133.49297,33.94462],[133.90411,34.36493],[134.63843,34.14923]]],[[[140.97639,37.14207],[140.59977,36.34398],[140.77407,35.84288],[140.25328,35.13811],[138.97553,34.6676],[137.2176,34.60629],[135.79298,33.46481],[135.12098,33.84907],[135.07943,34.59654],[133.34032,34.37594],[132.15677,33.90493],[130.98614,33.88576],[132.00004,33.14999],[131.33279,31.45035],[130.68632,31.02958],[130.20242,31.41824],[130.44768,32.31947],[129.81469,32.61031],[129.40846,33.29606],[130.35394,33.60415],[130.87845,34.23274],[131.88423,34.74971],[132.61767,35.43339],[134.6083,35.73162],[135.67754,35.52713],[136.72383,37.30498],[137.39061,36.82739],[138.8576,37.82748],[139.4264,38.21596],[140.05479,39.43881],[139.88338,40.56331],[140.30578,41.19501],[141.36897,41.37856],[141.91426,39.99162],[141.8846,39.18086],[140.95949,38.174],[140.97639,37.14207]]],[[[143.91016,44.1741],[144.61343,43.96088],[145.32083,44.38473],[145.54314,43.26209],[144.05966,42.98836],[143.18385,41.99521],[141.61149,42.67879],[141.06729,41.58459],[139.95511,41.56956],[139.81754,42.56376],[140.31209,43.33327],[141.38055,43.38882],[141.67195,44.77213],[141.96764,45.55148],[143.14287,44.51036],[143.91016,44.1741]]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Japan\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a63dee4b0c8380cd72749","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wei, Y.","contributorId":9502,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wei","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449971,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Titov, V.V.","contributorId":48752,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Titov","given":"V.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449973,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Newman, A.","contributorId":32791,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Newman","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449972,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hayes, G.","contributorId":81349,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hayes","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449975,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Tang, Liujuan","contributorId":34045,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tang","given":"Liujuan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449976,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Chamberlin, C.","contributorId":76197,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chamberlin","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449974,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
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