The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the City of Dallas Water Utilities Division, collected water-quality data from 11 sites on Lake Texoma, a reservoir on the Texas-Oklahoma border, during April 2007-September 2008. At 10 of the sites, physical properties (depth, specific conductance, pH, temperature, dissolved oxygen, and alkalinity) were measured and samples were collected for analysis of selected dissolved constituents (bromide, calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium, carbonate, bicarbonate, chloride, and sulfate); at one site, only physical properties were measured. The primary constituent of interest was bromide. Bromate can form when ozone is used to disinfect raw water containing bromide, and bromate is a suspected human carcinogen. Chloride and sulfate were of secondary interest. Only the analytical results for bromide, chloride, sulfate, and measured specific conductance are discussed in this report. Median dissolved bromide concentrations ranged from 0.28 to 0.60 milligrams per liter. The largest median dissolved bromide concentration (0.60 milligram per liter at site 11) was from the Red River arm of Lake Texoma. Dissolved bromide concentrations generally were larger in the Red River arm of Lake Texoma than in the Washita arm of the lake. Median dissolved chloride concentrations were largest in the Red River arm of Lake Texoma at site 11 (431 milligrams per liter) and smallest at site 8 (122 milligrams per liter) in the Washita arm. At site 11 in the Red River arm, the mean and median chloride concentrations exceeded the secondary maximum contaminant level of 300 milligrams per liter for chloride established by the 'Texas Surface Water Quality Standards' for surface-water bodies designated for the public water supply use. Median dissolved sulfate concentrations ranged from 182 milligrams per liter at site 4 in the Big Mineral arm to 246 milligrams per liter at site 11 in the Red River arm. None of the mean or median sulfate concentrations exceeded the secondary maximum contaminant level of 300 milligrams per liter. Median specific conductance measurements at sites ranged from 1,120 microsiemens per centimeter at site 8 in the Washita arm to 2,100 microsiemens per centimeter in the Red River arm. The spatial distribution of specific conductance in Lake Texoma was similar to that of bromide and chloride, with larger specific conductance values in the Red River arm compared to those in the Washita arm.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds466","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the City of Dallas Water Utilities Division","usgsCitation":"Baldys, S., 2009, Bromide, Chloride, and Sulfate Concentrations, and Specific Conductance, Lake Texoma, Texas and Oklahoma, 2007-08: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 466, vi, 30 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ds466.","productDescription":"vi, 30 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2007-04-01","temporalEnd":"2008-09-30","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":118589,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds_466.jpg"},{"id":13008,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/466/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -97.25,33.666666666666664 ], [ -97.25,34.25 ], [ -96.25,34.25 ], [ -96.25,33.666666666666664 ], [ -97.25,33.666666666666664 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ae4b07f02db5fb312","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Baldys, Stanley sbaldys@usgs.gov","contributorId":3366,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baldys","given":"Stanley","email":"sbaldys@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":303303,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":97835,"text":"sir20085212 - 2009 - Integrated Geophysical Investigation of Preferential Flow Paths at the Former Tyson Valley Powder Farm near Eureka, Missouri, May 2006","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:09","indexId":"sir20085212","displayToPublicDate":"2009-09-19T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-5212","title":"Integrated Geophysical Investigation of Preferential Flow Paths at the Former Tyson Valley Powder Farm near Eureka, Missouri, May 2006","docAbstract":"In May 2006, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, conducted surface and borehole geophysical surveys at the former Tyson Valley Powder Farm near Eureka, Mo., to identify preferential pathways for potential contaminant transport along the bedrock surface and into dissolution-enhanced fractures. The Tyson Valley Powder Farm was formerly used as a munitions storage and disposal facility in the 1940s and 1950s, and the site at which the surveys were performed was a disposal area for munitions and waste solvents such as trichloroethylene and dichloroethylene. Direct-current resistivity and seismic refraction data were acquired on the surface; gamma, electromagnetic induction, and full waveform sonic logs were acquired in accessible boreholes. Through the combined interpretation of the seismic refraction tomographic and resistivity inversion results and borehole logs, inconsistencies in the bedrock surface were identified that may provide horizontal preferential flow paths for dense nonaqueous phase liquid contaminants. These results, interpreted and displayed in georeferenced three-dimensional space, should help to establish more effective monitoring and remediation strategies.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20085212","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Kansas City District","usgsCitation":"Burton, B., Ball, L.B., Stanton, G.P., and Hobza, C.M., 2009, Integrated Geophysical Investigation of Preferential Flow Paths at the Former Tyson Valley Powder Farm near Eureka, Missouri, May 2006: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2008-5212, vi, 44 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20085212.","productDescription":"vi, 44 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2006-05-01","temporalEnd":"2006-05-31","costCenters":[{"id":212,"text":"Crustal Imaging and Characterization","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":118609,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2008_5212.jpg"},{"id":13007,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2008/5212/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49dbe4b07f02db5e11c1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Burton, Bethany L. 0000-0001-5011-7862 blburton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5011-7862","contributorId":1341,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burton","given":"Bethany L.","email":"blburton@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":303300,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ball, Lyndsay B. 0000-0002-6356-4693 lbball@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6356-4693","contributorId":1138,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ball","given":"Lyndsay","email":"lbball@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303299,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stanton, Gregory P. 0000-0001-8622-0933 gstanton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8622-0933","contributorId":1583,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stanton","given":"Gregory","email":"gstanton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":303301,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hobza, Christopher M. 0000-0002-6239-934X cmhobza@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6239-934X","contributorId":2393,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hobza","given":"Christopher","email":"cmhobza@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":464,"text":"Nebraska Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303302,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":97832,"text":"fs20093087 - 2009 - Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:05","indexId":"fs20093087","displayToPublicDate":"2009-09-19T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-3087","title":"Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM)","docAbstract":"Under an agreement with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and the Department of Defense's National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (NGA), the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) is distributing elevation data from the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM). The SRTM is a joint project of NASA and NGA to map the Earth's land surface in three dimensions at an unprecedented level of detail. As part of space shuttle Endeavour's flight during February 11-22, 2000, the SRTM successfully collected data over 80 percent of the Earth's land surface for most of the area between latitudes 60 degrees north and 56 degrees south. The SRTM hardware included the Spaceborne Imaging Radar-C (SIR-C) and X-band Synthetic Aperture Radar (X-SAR) systems that had flown twice previously on other space shuttle missions. The SRTM data were collected with a technique known as interferometry that allows image data from dual radar antennas to be processed for the extraction of ground heights.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/fs20093087","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 2009, Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM): U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2009-3087, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20093087.","productDescription":"2 p.","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":118576,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2009_3087.jpg"},{"id":13004,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2009/3087/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a8fe4b07f02db6553c5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":535019,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":97826,"text":"sir20095086 - 2009 - Chloride in Groundwater and Surface Water in Areas Underlain by the Glacial Aquifer System, Northern United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:26","indexId":"sir20095086","displayToPublicDate":"2009-09-17T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-5086","title":"Chloride in Groundwater and Surface Water in Areas Underlain by the Glacial Aquifer System, Northern United States","docAbstract":"A study of chloride in groundwater and surface water was conducted for the glacial aquifer system of the northern United States in forested, agricultural, and urban areas by analyzing data collected for the National Water-Quality Assessment Program from 1991 to 2004.\r\n\r\nGroundwater-quality data from a sampling of 1,329 wells in 19 states were analyzed. Chloride concentrations were greater than the secondary maximum contaminant level established by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency of 250 milligrams per liter in 2.5 percent of samples from 797 shallow monitoring wells and in 1.7 percent of samples from 532 drinking-water supply wells. Water samples from shallow monitoring wells in urban areas had the largest concentration of chloride, followed by water samples from agricultural and forested areas (medians of 46, 12, and 2.9 milligrams per liter, respectively).\r\n\r\nAn analysis of chloride:bromide ratios, by mass, and chloride concentrations compared to binary mixing curves for dilute groundwater, halite, sewage and animal waste, potassium chloride fertilizer, basin brines, seawater, and landfill leachate in samples from monitoring wells indicated multiple sources of chloride in samples from wells in urban areas and agricultural areas. Water from shallow monitoring wells in urban areas had the largest chloride:bromide ratio, and samples with chloride:bromide ratios greater than 1,000 and chloride concentrations greater than 100 milligrams per liter were dominated by halite; however, the samples commonly contained mixtures that indicated input from sewage or animal waste. Chloride:bromide ratios were significantly larger in samples from public-supply drinking-water wells than from private drinking-water wells, and ratios were significantly larger in all drinking-water wells in eastern and central regions of the glacial aquifer system than in west-central and western regions of the glacial aquifer system.\r\n\r\nSurface-water-quality data collected regularly during varying time periods from 1991-2004 from 100 basins dominated by forested, agricultural, or urban land in 15 states were analyzed to determine maximum measured chloride concentrations. Samples from 15 sites in east, central, and west-central areas, collected primarily in winter, had chloride concentrations higher than the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency recommended chronic criterion concentration for aquatic life of 230 milligrams per liter. Concentrations of chloride in base-flow samples were predictive of maximum measured chloride concentrations, indicating that inputs of chloride from groundwater and (or) point-source wastewater discharges increase the likelihood of samples exceeding the recommended chronic aquatic criterion. Multiple linear regression analyses showed that the density of major roads, potential evapotranspiration, and the percentage of annual runoff from saturated overland flow were significant factors in describing the range of maximum measured chloride concentrations in the basins studied.\r\n\r\nChloride loads and yields were determined at 95 surface-water-monitoring stations in basins dominated by forested, agricultural, or urban land. Annual chloride yield was largest in the urban basins (median of 88 tons per square mile) and smallest in the forested basins (median of 6.4 tons per square mile). The median chloride yield in the agricultural basins was 15.4 tons per square mile. Multiple linear regression analyses showed that the density of highways (roads in U.S. highway system), the number of major wastewater discharges in the basin, potential evapotranspiration, and urban minus agricultural land area were significant factors in describing the range of average annual chloride yields.\r\n\r\nUpward trends in chloride loads were apparent in several urban basins for which additional long-term data were available. Increases in chloride loads over time may be related to a variety of factors, including increases in road area and consequent deicing, incr","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20095086","isbn":"9781411325371","usgsCitation":"Mullaney, J.R., Lorenz, D.L., and Arntson, A.D., 2009, Chloride in Groundwater and Surface Water in Areas Underlain by the Glacial Aquifer System, Northern United States: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2009-5086, viii, 43 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20095086.","productDescription":"viii, 43 p.","temporalStart":"1991-01-01","temporalEnd":"2004-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":196,"text":"Connecticut Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125593,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2009_5086.jpg"},{"id":12999,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2009/5086/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -125,35 ], [ -125,50 ], [ -65,50 ], [ -65,35 ], [ -125,35 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48cde4b07f02db5447f1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mullaney, John R. 0000-0003-4936-5046 jmullane@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4936-5046","contributorId":1957,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mullaney","given":"John","email":"jmullane@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":196,"text":"Connecticut Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303276,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lorenz, David L. 0000-0003-3392-4034 lorenz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3392-4034","contributorId":1384,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lorenz","given":"David","email":"lorenz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303275,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Arntson, Alan D.","contributorId":45800,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arntson","given":"Alan","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303277,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":97827,"text":"fs20093065 - 2009 - The Ozark Highlands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:47","indexId":"fs20093065","displayToPublicDate":"2009-09-17T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-3065","title":"The Ozark Highlands","docAbstract":"The Ozark Highlands include diverse topographic, geologic, soil, and hydrologic conditions that support a broad range of habitat types. The landscape features rugged uplands - some peaks higher than 2,500 feet above sea level - with exposed rock and varying soil depths and includes extensive areas of karst terrain. The Highlands are characterized by extreme biological diversity and high endemism (uniqueness of species). Vegetation communities are dominated by open oak-hickory and shortleaf pine woodlands and forests. Included in this vegetation matrix is an assemblage of various types of fens, forests, wetlands, fluvial features, and carbonate and siliceous glades. \r\n\r\nAn ever-growing human population in the Ozark Highlands has become very dependent on reservoirs constructed on major rivers in the region and, in some cases, groundwater for household and public water supply. Because of human population growth in the Highlands and increases in industrial and agricultural activities, not only is adequate water quantity an issue, but maintaining good water quality is also a challenge. Point and nonpoint sources of excessive nutrients are an issue. U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) partnership programs to monitor water quality and develop simulation tools to help stakeholders better understand strategies to protect the quality of water and the environment are extremely important.\r\n\r\nThe USGS collects relevant data, conducts interpretive studies, and develops simulation tools to help stakeholders understand resource availability and sustainability issues. Stakeholders dependent on these resources are interested in and benefit greatly from evolving these simulation tools (models) into decision support systems that can be used for adaptive management of water and ecological resources. \r\n\r\nThe interaction of unique and high-quality biological and hydrologic resources and the effects of stresses from human activities can be evaluated best by using a multidisciplinary approach that the USGS can provide. Information varying from defining baseline resource conditions to developing simulation models will help resource managers and users understand the human impact on resource sustainability. Varied expertise and experience in biological and water-resources activities across the entire Highlands make the USGS a valued collaborator in studies of Ozark ecosystems, streams, reservoirs, and groundwater. A large part of future success will depend on the involvement and active participation of key partners.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/fs20093065","usgsCitation":"Ethridge, M., 2009, The Ozark Highlands: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2009-3065, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20093065.","productDescription":"2 p.","costCenters":[{"id":172,"text":"Central Region","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125410,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2009_3065.jpg"},{"id":13000,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2009/3065/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -96,35 ], [ -96,40 ], [ -89,40 ], [ -89,35 ], [ -96,35 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac7e4b07f02db67ae9d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ethridge, Max","contributorId":69672,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ethridge","given":"Max","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303278,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":97828,"text":"cir1330 - 2009 - A centennial tribute, 1906-2006: History of U.S. Geological Survey streamgaging activities for the Suwannee River at White Springs, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-06T21:15:34.349361","indexId":"cir1330","displayToPublicDate":"2009-09-17T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1330","title":"A centennial tribute, 1906-2006: History of U.S. Geological Survey streamgaging activities for the Suwannee River at White Springs, Florida","docAbstract":"For centuries, the banks of the Suwannee River at White Springs were considered a sacred ground where people sought refuge in its 'healing waters'. Many believed that the mineral-enriched waters cured illnesses. The U.S. Geological Survey began continuous streamgaging activities at White Springs, Florida, in 1906 after an increase in congressional appropriations and rapid town development due to growing tourism and residential population. In 1906, streamgage data was a once-per-day gage reading that were handwritten in a water-level booklet by a local observer with discharge measurements taken every 6 to 8 weeks by a hydrographer. In 2006, real-time data were recorded at 1-hour increments and transmitted to U.S. Geological Survey computer networks using the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite, thus enabling the general public to access readings within minutes of the actual measurement. Additional data and measurements are taken and made available for high or low flows that occur during significant floods and droughts.\r\n\r\nThe gage at White Springs has recorded several historic hydrologic events that affected the Suwannee River and surrounding areas. Major droughts include those during 1931-35, 1949-57, and 1998-2002. Severe floods occurred in 1948, 1973, and 2004. On April 10, 1973, the discharge was 38,100 cubic feet per second, which is the highest recorded discharge for the period of record. A flood of this magnitude is expected at a recurrence interval of about once every 200 to 500 years.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/cir1330","usgsCitation":"Verdi, R.J., and Tomlinson, S.A., 2009, A centennial tribute, 1906-2006: History of U.S. Geological Survey streamgaging activities for the Suwannee River at White Springs, Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1330, x, 43 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir1330.","productDescription":"x, 43 p.","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"1906-01-01","temporalEnd":"2006-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":275,"text":"Florida Integrated Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":13001,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/circ1330/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":118544,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/cir_1330.jpg"},{"id":403104,"rank":2,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_87367.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Suwannee River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -83.2708740234375,\n 29.286398892934763\n ],\n [\n -82.5238037109375,\n 29.286398892934763\n ],\n [\n -82.5238037109375,\n 30.661540870820918\n ],\n [\n -83.2708740234375,\n 30.661540870820918\n ],\n [\n -83.2708740234375,\n 29.286398892934763\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd494de4b0b290850ef092","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Verdi, Richard Jay","contributorId":51859,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Verdi","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"Jay","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303279,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tomlinson, Stewart A.","contributorId":76002,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tomlinson","given":"Stewart","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303280,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":97829,"text":"ds314 - 2009 - Selected ground-water-quality data in Pennsylvania - 1979-2006","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-22T08:33:24","indexId":"ds314","displayToPublicDate":"2009-09-17T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"314","title":"Selected ground-water-quality data in Pennsylvania - 1979-2006","docAbstract":"This study, by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in cooperation with the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection (PADEP), provides a compilation of ground-water-quality data for a 28-year period (January 1, 1979, through December 31, 2006) based on water samples from wells and springs. The data are from 14 source agencies or programs—Borough of Carroll Valley, Chester County Health Department, Montgomery County Health Department, Pennsylvania Department of Agriculture, Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection 2002 Pennsylvania Water-Quality Assessment, Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection Agency Act 537 Sewage Facilities Program, Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection-Ambient and Fixed Station Network, Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection–North-Central Region, Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection–South-Central Region, Pennsylvania Drinking Water Information System, Pennsylvania Topographic and Geologic Survey, Susquehanna River Basin Commission, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, and the U.S. Geological Survey. The ground-water-quality data from the different source agencies or programs varied in type and number of analyses; however, the analyses are represented by 11 major analyte groups: antibiotics, major ions, microorganisms (bacteria, viruses, and other microorganisms), minor ions (including trace elements), nutrients (predominantly nitrate and nitrite as nitrogen), pesticides, pharmaceuticals, radiochemicals (predominantly radon or radium), volatiles (volatile organic compounds), wastewater compounds, and water characteristics (field measurements, predominantly field pH, field specific conductance, and hardness). For the USGS and the PADEP–North-Central Region, the pesticide analyte group was broken down into fungicides, herbicides, and insecticides.
Summary maps show the areal distribution of wells and springs with ground-water-quality data statewide by source agency or program. Summary data tables by source agency or program provide information on the number of wells and springs and samples collected for each of the 35 watersheds and analyte groups.
The number of wells and springs sampled for ground-water-quality data varies considerably across Pennsylvania. Of the 24,772 wells and springs sampled, the greatest concentration of wells and springs is in the southeast (Berks, Bucks, Chester, Delaware, Lancaster, Montgomery, and Philadelphia Counties) and in the northwest (Erie County). The number of wells and springs sampled is relatively sparse in north-central (Cameron, Elk, Forest, McKean, Potter, and Warren Counties) Pennsylvania. Little to no data are available for approximately one-fourth of the state. Nutrients and water characteristics were the most frequently sampled major analyte groups—43,025 and 30,583 samples, respectively. Minor ions and major ions were the next most frequently sampled major analyte groups–26,972 and 13,115 samples, respectively. For the remaining 10 major analyte groups, the number of samples collected ranged from a low of 24 samples (antibiotic compounds) to a high of approximately 4,674 samples (microorganisms).
The number of samples that exceeded a maximum contaminant level (MCL) or secondary maximum contaminant level (SMCL) by major analyte group also varied. Of the 4,674 samples in the microorganism analyte group, 50.2 percent had water that exceeded an MCL. Of the 4,528 samples collected and analyzed for volatile organic compounds, 23.5 percent exceeded an MCL. Other major analyte groups that frequently exceeded MCLs or SMCLs included major ions (18,343 samples and a 27.7 percent exceedence), minor ions (26,972 samples, 44.7 percent exceedence), pesticides (4,868 samples, 0.7 percent exceedence), water characteristics (30,583 samples, 19.3 percent exceedence), and radiochemicals (1,866 samples, 9.6 percent exceedence). Samples collected and analyzed for antibiotics (24 samples), fungicides (1,273 samples), herbicides (1,470 samples), insecticides (1,424 samples), nutrients (43,025 samples), pharmaceuticals (28 samples), and wastewater compounds (328 samples) had the lowest exceedences of 0.0, 2.4, 1.2, <1.0, 8.3, 0.0, and <1.0 percent, respectively.
Geomorphic attributes were collected from natural color aerial orthophotography to develop a multiscale classification for the downstream-most 220 kilometers of the Platte River in eastern Nebraska. The intent of this classification is to define discrete reaches that have geomorphic characteristics favorable to endangered interior least terns (Sternula antillarum) and threatened piping plovers (Charadrius melodus) who use riverine sandbars for nesting habitat. Annual to daily fluctuations in discharge present a challenge to characterizing emergent sandbar habitat directly from existing aerial orthophotography for the Platte River. Therefore, this classification is based on geomorphic measures that are relatively insensitive to prevailing river discharge but may be physically related to emergent sandbar locations. Such features include valley width, channel width, and sinuosity. The results provide four-cluster and seven-cluster classifications for the Lower Platte River based on naturally occurring, statistically determined clusters of features. The classification was validated using tern and plover nest data for 2006–08. Forty-nine percent of the nest locations fell within the same class type in the four-cluster classification, which represented 18 percent of the study area. This class is found primarily in the Eastern Platte River Gorge, downstream from Salt Creek and upstream from the junction of the Platte River with the Missouri River.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20095198","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Elliott, C.M., Huhmann, B.L., and Jacobson, R.B., 2009, Geomorphic classification of the Lower Platte River, Nebraska: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2009-5198, vi, 30 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20095198.","productDescription":"vi, 30 p.","temporalStart":"2006-01-01","temporalEnd":"2008-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125685,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2009_5198.jpg"},{"id":341769,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2009/5198/pdf/SIR09-5198.pdf","text":"Report","size":"6.3 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":12984,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2009/5198/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Nebraska","otherGeospatial":"Lower Platte River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -97.83333333333333,40.75 ], [ -97.83333333333333,41.75 ], [ -95.75,41.75 ], [ -95.75,40.75 ], [ -97.83333333333333,40.75 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c577","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Elliott, Caroline M. 0000-0002-9190-7462 celliott@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9190-7462","contributorId":2380,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elliott","given":"Caroline","email":"celliott@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303229,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Huhmann, Brittany L.","contributorId":31725,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huhmann","given":"Brittany","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303230,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jacobson, Robert B. 0000-0002-8368-2064 rjacobson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8368-2064","contributorId":1289,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jacobson","given":"Robert","email":"rjacobson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303228,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":97813,"text":"ofr20091166 - 2009 - Downsizer - A Graphical User Interface-Based Application for Browsing, Acquiring, and Formatting Time-Series Data for Hydrologic Modeling","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:30","indexId":"ofr20091166","displayToPublicDate":"2009-09-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-1166","title":"Downsizer - A Graphical User Interface-Based Application for Browsing, Acquiring, and Formatting Time-Series Data for Hydrologic Modeling","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey Downsizer is a computer application that selects, downloads, verifies, and formats station-based time-series data for environmental-resource models, particularly the Precipitation-Runoff Modeling System. Downsizer implements the client-server software architecture. The client presents a map-based, graphical user interface that is intuitive to modelers; the server provides streamflow and climate time-series data from over 40,000 measurement stations across the United States. This report is the Downsizer user's manual and provides (1) an overview of the software design, (2) installation instructions, (3) a description of the graphical user interface, (4) a description of selected output files, and (5) troubleshooting information.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20091166","usgsCitation":"Ward-Garrison, C., Markstrom, S., and Hay, L.E., 2009, Downsizer - A Graphical User Interface-Based Application for Browsing, Acquiring, and Formatting Time-Series Data for Hydrologic Modeling: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1166, iv, 27 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20091166.","productDescription":"iv, 27 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125480,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2009_1166.jpg"},{"id":12985,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2009/1166/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a54e4b07f02db62c1bd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ward-Garrison, Christian","contributorId":85682,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ward-Garrison","given":"Christian","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303233,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Markstrom, Steven L. 0000-0001-7630-9547 markstro@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7630-9547","contributorId":1986,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Markstrom","given":"Steven L.","email":"markstro@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":303232,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hay, Lauren E. 0000-0003-3763-4595 lhay@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3763-4595","contributorId":1287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hay","given":"Lauren","email":"lhay@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303231,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":97806,"text":"ds467 - 2009 - Catalog of earthquake hypocenters at Alaskan volcanoes: January 1 through December 31, 2008","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-22T18:25:24.979352","indexId":"ds467","displayToPublicDate":"2009-09-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"467","title":"Catalog of earthquake hypocenters at Alaskan volcanoes: January 1 through December 31, 2008","docAbstract":"Between January 1 and December 31, 2008, the Alaska Volcano Observatory (AVO) located 7,097 earthquakes of which 5,318 occurred within 20 kilometers of the 33 volcanoes monitored by the AVO. Monitoring highlights in 2008 include the eruptions of Okmok Caldera, and Kasatochi Volcano, as well as increased unrest at Mount Veniaminof and Redoubt Volcano. This catalog includes descriptions of: (1) locations of seismic instrumentation deployed during 2008; (2) earthquake detection, recording, analysis, and data archival systems; (3) seismic velocity models used for earthquake locations; (4) a summary of earthquakes located in 2008; and (5) an accompanying UNIX tar-file with a summary of earthquake origin times, hypocenters, magnitudes, phase arrival times, location quality statistics, daily station usage statistics, and all files used to determine the earthquake locations in 2008.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ds467","usgsCitation":"Dixon, J.P., and Stihler, S.D., 2009, Catalog of earthquake hypocenters at Alaskan volcanoes: January 1 through December 31, 2008: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 467, Report: iv, 86 p.; Seismic Catalog Zip File, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds467.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 86 p.; Seismic Catalog Zip File","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2008-01-01","temporalEnd":"2008-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":118590,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds_467.jpg"},{"id":414557,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_87192.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":12977,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/467/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -143.5,\n 62.0333\n ],\n [\n -178.4,\n 62.0333\n ],\n [\n -178.4,\n 51.5167\n ],\n [\n -143.5,\n 51.9167\n ],\n [\n -143.5,\n 62.0333\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e5e4b07f02db5e6f7d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dixon, James P. 0000-0002-8478-9971 jpdixon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8478-9971","contributorId":3163,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dixon","given":"James","email":"jpdixon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303219,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stihler, Scott D.","contributorId":31373,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stihler","given":"Scott","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303220,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":97807,"text":"ds315 - 2009 - Bathymetric, Velocity, Streamflow, and Dissolved Oxygen Data on the Pee Dee River near Bostick Boat Landing, Florence County, South Carolina, May-August 2007","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-02T11:42:59","indexId":"ds315","displayToPublicDate":"2009-09-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"315","title":"Bathymetric, Velocity, Streamflow, and Dissolved Oxygen Data on the Pee Dee River near Bostick Boat Landing, Florence County, South Carolina, May-August 2007","docAbstract":"Santee Cooper is planning to construct an electricity generating station in southeastern Florence County near the Kingsburg community. As part of this project, a water-intake structure will be constructed on the Pee Dee River near the Bostick Boat Landing, which is located east of the intersection of State secondary roads S-21-57 and S-21-66. Velocity, bathymetric, and dissolved oxygen data are needed to help determine the location for the water-intake structure. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with Santee Cooper, collected these data at three different flow regimes during the period of May through August 2007.\r\n\r\nData were collected along 15 transects located at 50-foot intervals starting 400 feet upstream from the boat landing and continuing to 300 feet downstream from the boat landing. All data were geographically referenced using a differentially corrected global positioning system (GPS).","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ds315","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Santee Cooper","usgsCitation":"Shelton, J.M., 2009, Bathymetric, Velocity, Streamflow, and Dissolved Oxygen Data on the Pee Dee River near Bostick Boat Landing, Florence County, South Carolina, May-August 2007: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 315, Report: iv, 8 p.; Data Files, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds315.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 8 p.; Data Files","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2007-05-01","temporalEnd":"2007-08-31","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125382,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds_315.jpg"},{"id":12978,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/315/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"South Carolina","county":"Florence County","otherGeospatial":"Pee Dee River near the Bostick Boat Landing","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -79.70855712890625,\n 33.66492516885242\n ],\n [\n -79.70855712890625,\n 34.12203701907784\n ],\n [\n -79.15924072265625,\n 34.12203701907784\n ],\n [\n -79.15924072265625,\n 33.66492516885242\n ],\n [\n -79.70855712890625,\n 33.66492516885242\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a6fe4b07f02db640748","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shelton, John M. 0000-0002-4787-9572 jmshelto@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4787-9572","contributorId":1751,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shelton","given":"John","email":"jmshelto@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303221,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":97805,"text":"sir20095160 - 2009 - Characterization of Interactions between Surface Water and Near-Stream Groundwater along Fish Creek, Teton County, Wyoming, by Using Heat as a Tracer","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:28","indexId":"sir20095160","displayToPublicDate":"2009-09-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-5160","title":"Characterization of Interactions between Surface Water and Near-Stream Groundwater along Fish Creek, Teton County, Wyoming, by Using Heat as a Tracer","docAbstract":"Fish Creek, a tributary of the Snake River, is about 25 river kilometers long and is located in Teton County in western Wyoming near the town of Wilson. Local residents began observing an increase in the growth of algae and aquatic plants in the stream during the last decade. Due to the known importance of groundwater to surface water in the area, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the Teton Conservation District, conducted a study to characterize the interactions between surface water and near-stream groundwater along Fish Creek.\r\n\r\nThe study has two main objectives: (1) develop an improved spatial and temporal understanding of water flow (fluxes) between surface water and groundwater, and (2) use a two-dimensional groundwater-flow and heat-transport model to interpret observed temperature and hydraulic-head distributions and to describe groundwater flow near Fish Creek. The study is intended to augment hydrologic information derived from previously published results of a seepage investigation on Fish Creek. Seepage measurements provide spatially averaged gains and losses over an entire reach for one point in time, whereas continuous temperature and water-level measurements provide continuous estimates of gain and loss at a specific location.\r\n\r\nStage, water-level, and temperature data were collected from surface water and from piezometers completed in an alluvial aquifer at three cross sections on Fish Creek at Teton Village, Resor's Bridge, and Wilson from October 2004 to October 2006. The flow and energy (heat) transport model VS2DH was used to simulate flow through the streambed of Fish Creek at the Teton Village cross section from April 15 to October 14, 2006, (183 recharge periods) and at the Resor's Bridge and Wilson cross sections from June 6, 2005, to October 14, 2006 (496 recharge periods). A trial-and-error technique was used to determine the best match between simulated and measured data. These results were then used to calibrate the cross-sectional models and determine horizontal and vertical hydraulic conductivities. The fluxes of groundwater into the stream or fluxes of stream water into the alluvial aquifer were estimated by using the calibrated VS2DH model for each cross section.\r\n\r\nResults of the simulations indicated that surface water/groundwater interaction and hydraulic properties were different at the three cross sections. At the most upstream cross section, Teton Village, Fish Creek flowed intermittently and continually gained relatively large quantities of water from April through September. During other times of the year, the stream was dry near the cross section. Saturated hydraulic conductivity set at 1x10-4 m/s in both the horizontal and vertical directions resulted in the best match between simulated and measured temperatures. The Resor's Bridge cross section, about midway between the other two cross sections, was near the point where perennial flow begins. At this cross section, the stream gained water from groundwater during high flow in late spring and summer, was near equilibrium with groundwater during August and September, and lost water to groundwater during the remainder of the year. Horizontal hydraulic conductivity set at 5x10-5 m/s and vertical hydraulic conductivity set at 1x10-5 m/s resulted in the best match between simulated and measured temperatures. The Wilson cross section, the most downstream site, was at USGS streamflow-gaging station 13016450. This part of the stream is perennial and was almost always gaining a small volume of water from groundwater. Saturated hydraulic conductivity set at 1x10-4 m/s in the horizontal direction and at 5x10-6 m/s in the vertical direction resulted in the best match between simulated and measured temperatures.\r\n\r\nQuantitative values of the flux from groundwater into surface water were estimated by using VS2DH and ranged from 1.1 to 6.6 cubic meters per day (m3/d) at the Teton Village cross section, from -3.8 to 7.4 m3/d at t","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20095160","isbn":"9781411325265","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Teton Conservation District","usgsCitation":"Eddy-Miller, C., Wheeler, J.D., and Essaid, H.I., 2009, Characterization of Interactions between Surface Water and Near-Stream Groundwater along Fish Creek, Teton County, Wyoming, by Using Heat as a Tracer: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2009-5160, vi, 54 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20095160.","productDescription":"vi, 54 p.","costCenters":[{"id":684,"text":"Wyoming Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":126596,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2009_5160.jpg"},{"id":12976,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2009/5160/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -111,43.25 ], [ -111,44 ], [ -110.5,44 ], [ -110.5,43.25 ], [ -111,43.25 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e2e4b07f02db5e4e72","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eddy-Miller, Cheryl A.","contributorId":86755,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eddy-Miller","given":"Cheryl A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303218,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wheeler, Jerrod D. 0000-0002-0533-8700 jwheele@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0533-8700","contributorId":1893,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wheeler","given":"Jerrod","email":"jwheele@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":685,"text":"Wyoming-Montana Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303216,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Essaid, Hedeff I. 0000-0003-0154-8628 hiessaid@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0154-8628","contributorId":2284,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Essaid","given":"Hedeff","email":"hiessaid@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303217,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70173508,"text":"70173508 - 2009 - Determining the efficacy of microsatellite DNA-based mixed-stock analysis of Lake Michigan’s lake whitefish commercial fishery","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-16T16:26:41","indexId":"70173508","displayToPublicDate":"2009-09-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2330,"text":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Determining the efficacy of microsatellite DNA-based mixed-stock analysis of Lake Michigan’s lake whitefish commercial fishery","docAbstract":"Management of commercially exploited fish should be conducted at the stock level. If a mixed stock fishery exists, a comprehensive mixed stock analysis is required for stock-based management. The lake whitefish Coregonus clupeaformis comprises the primary commercial fishery across the Great Lakes. Recent research resolved that six genetic stocks of lake whitefish were present in Lake Michigan, and long-term tagging data indicate that Lake Michigan's lake whitefish commercial fishery is a mixed stock fishery. The objective of this research was to determine the usefulness of microsatellite data for conducting comprehensive mixed stock analyses of the Lake Michigan lake whitefish commercial fishery. We used the individual assignment method as implemented in the program ONCOR to determine the accuracy level at which microsatellite data can reliably identify component populations or stocks. Self-assignment of lake whitefish to their population and stock of origin ranged from > 96% to 100%. Evaluation of genetic stock discreteness indicated a moderately high degree of correct assignment (average = 75%); simulations indicated supplementing baseline data by ∼ 50 to 100 individuals could increase accuracy by up to 4.5%. Simulated mixed stock commercial harvests with known stock composition showed a high degree of correct proportional assignment between observed and predicted harvest values. These data suggest that a comprehensive mixed stock analysis of Lake Michigan's lake whitefish commercial fishery is viable and would provide valuable information for improving management.
","language":"English","publisher":"International Association for Great Lakes Research","publisherLocation":"Toronto","doi":"10.1016/j.jglr.2009.08.002","usgsCitation":"VanDeHey, J.A., Sloss, B.L., Peeters, P.J., and Sutton, T.M., 2009, Determining the efficacy of microsatellite DNA-based mixed-stock analysis of Lake Michigan’s lake whitefish commercial fishery: Journal of Great Lakes Research, v. 36, no. 1, p. 52-58, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jglr.2009.08.002.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"52","endPage":"58","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-010767","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":323825,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan, Wisconsin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -88.736572265625,\n 41.43449030894922\n ],\n [\n -88.736572265625,\n 46.13417004624326\n ],\n [\n -84.276123046875,\n 46.13417004624326\n ],\n [\n -84.276123046875,\n 41.43449030894922\n ],\n [\n -88.736572265625,\n 41.43449030894922\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"36","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5763cdb3e4b07657d19ba763","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"VanDeHey, Justin A.","contributorId":50800,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"VanDeHey","given":"Justin","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":639454,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sloss, Brian L. bsloss@usgs.gov","contributorId":702,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sloss","given":"Brian","email":"bsloss@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":637220,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Peeters, Paul J.","contributorId":83351,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peeters","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":639455,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sutton, Trent M.","contributorId":77893,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sutton","given":"Trent","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":639456,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":97802,"text":"tm6A32 - 2009 - The Farm Process Version 2 (FMP2) for MODFLOW-2005 - Modifications and Upgrades to FMP1","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:30","indexId":"tm6A32","displayToPublicDate":"2009-09-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":335,"text":"Techniques and Methods","code":"TM","onlineIssn":"2328-7055","printIssn":"2328-7047","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"6-A32","title":"The Farm Process Version 2 (FMP2) for MODFLOW-2005 - Modifications and Upgrades to FMP1","docAbstract":"The ability to dynamically simulate the integrated supply-and-demand components of irrigated agricultural is needed to thoroughly understand the interrelation between surface water and groundwater flow in areas where the water-use by vegetation is an important component of the water budget. To meet this need, the computer program Farm Process (FMP1) was updated and refined for use with the U.S. Geological Survey's MODFLOW-2005 groundwater-flow model, and is referred to as MF2005-FMP2. The updated program allows the simulation, analysis, and management of nearly all components of human and natural water use. MF2005-FMP2 represents a complete hydrologic model that fully links the movement and use of groundwater, surface water, and imported water for water consumption of irrigated agriculture, but also of urban use, and of natural vegetation. Supply and demand components of water use are analyzed under demand-driven and supply-constrained conditions. From large- to small-scale settings, the MF2005-FMP2 has the unique set of capabilities to simulate and analyze historical, present, and future conditions. MF2005-FMP2 facilitates the analysis of agricultural water use where little data is available for pumpage, land use, or agricultural information. The features presented in this new version of FMP2 along with the linkages to the Streamflow Routing (SFR), Multi-Node Well (MNW), and Unsaturated Zone Flow (UZF) Packages prevents mass loss to an open system and helps to account for 'all of the water everywhere and all of the time'.\r\n\r\nThe first version, FMP1 for MODFLOW-2000, is limited to (a) transpiration uptake from unsaturated root zones, (b) on-farm efficiency defined solely by farm and not by crop type, (c) a simulation of water use and returnflows related only to irrigated agriculture and not also to non-irrigated vegetation, (d) a definition of consumptive use as potential crop evapotranspiration, (e) percolation being instantly recharged to the uppermost active aquifer, (f) automatic routing of returnflow from runoff either to reaches of tributary stream segments adjacent to a farm or to one reach nearest to the farm's lowest elevation, (g) farm-well pumping from cell locations regardless of whether an irrigation requirement from these cells exists or not, and (h) specified non-routed water transfers from an undefined source outside the model domain.\r\n\r\nAll of these limitations are overcome in MF2005-FMP2. The new features include (a) simulation of transpiration uptake from variably saturated, fully saturated, or ponded root zones (for example, for crops like rice or riparian vegetation), (b) definition of on-farm efficiency not only by farm but also by crop, (c) simulation of water use and returnflow from non-irrigated vegetation (for example, rain-fed agriculture or native vegetation), (d) use of crop coefficients and reference evapotranspiration, (e) simulation of the delay between percolation from farms through the unsaturated zone and recharge into the uppermost active aquifer by linking FMP2 to the UZF Package, (f) an option to manually control the routing of returnflow from farm runoff to streams, (g) an option to limit pumping to wells located only in cells where an irrigation requirement exists, and (h) simulation of water transfers to farms from a series of well fields (for example, recovery well field of an aquifer-storage-and-recovery system, ASR).\r\n\r\nIn addition to the output of an economic budget for each farm between irrigation demand and supply ('Farm Demand and Supply Budget' in FMP1), a new output option called 'Farm Budget' was created for FMP2, which allows the user to track all physical flows into and out of a water accounting unit at all times. Such a unit can represent individual farms, farming districts, natural areas, or urban areas.\r\n\r\nThe example model demonstrates the application of MF2005-FMP2 with delayed recharge through an unsaturated zone, rejected infiltration in a riparian area, changes in de","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/tm6A32","usgsCitation":"Schmid, W., and Hanson, R.T., 2009, The Farm Process Version 2 (FMP2) for MODFLOW-2005 - Modifications and Upgrades to FMP1: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques and Methods 6-A32, x, 103 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/tm6A32.","productDescription":"x, 103 p.","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":118600,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/tm_6_a32.jpg"},{"id":12973,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/tm6a32/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c861","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schmid, Wolfgang","contributorId":84020,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schmid","given":"Wolfgang","affiliations":[{"id":13040,"text":"Department of Hydrology and Water Resources, University of Arizona","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":303209,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hanson, R. T.","contributorId":91148,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanson","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303210,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":97800,"text":"ofr20091183 - 2009 - Demographics and 2008 Run Timing of Adult Lost River (Deltistes luxatus) and Shortnose (Chasmistes brevirostris) Suckers in Upper Klamath Lake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:45","indexId":"ofr20091183","displayToPublicDate":"2009-09-03T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-1183","title":"Demographics and 2008 Run Timing of Adult Lost River (Deltistes luxatus) and Shortnose (Chasmistes brevirostris) Suckers in Upper Klamath Lake","docAbstract":"We used capture-recapture data to assess population dynamics of endangered Lost River suckers (Deltistes luxatus) and shortnose suckers (Chasmistes brevirostris) in Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon. The Cormack-Jolly-Seber method was used to estimate apparent survival probabilities, and a temporal symmetry model was used to estimate annual seniority probabilities. Information theoretic modeling was used to assess variation in parameter estimates due to time, gender, and species. In addition, length data were used to detect multiple year-class failures and events of high recruitment into adult spawning populations. Survival of adult Lost River and shortnose suckers varied substantially across years. Relatively high annual mortality was observed for the lakeshore-spawning Lost River sucker subpopulation in 2002 and for the river spawning subpopulation in 2001. Shortnose suckers experienced high mortality in 2001 and 2004. This indicates that high mortality events are not only species specific, but also are specific to subpopulations for Lost River suckers. Seniority probability estimates and length composition data indicate that recruitment of new individuals into adult sucker populations has been sparse. The overall fitness of Upper Klamath Lake sucker populations are of concern given the low observed survival in some years and the paucity of recent recruitment. During most years, estimates of survival probabilities were lower than seniority probabilities, indicating net losses in adult sucker population abundances. The evidence for decline was more marked for shortnose suckers than for Lost River suckers. Our data indicated that sucker survival for both species, but especially shortnose suckers, was sometimes low in years without any observed fish kills. This indicates that high mortality can occur over a protracted period, resulting in poor annual survival, but will not necessarily be observed in association with a fish kill. A better understanding of the factors influencing adult survival and recruitment into spawning populations is needed. Monitoring these vital parameters will provide a quantitative means to evaluate population status and assess the effectiveness of conservation and recovery efforts.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20091183","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Bureau of Reclamation","usgsCitation":"Janney, E.C., Hayes, B., Hewitt, D.A., Barry, P.M., Scott, A., Koller, J., Johnson, M., and Blackwood, G., 2009, Demographics and 2008 Run Timing of Adult Lost River (Deltistes luxatus) and Shortnose (Chasmistes brevirostris) Suckers in Upper Klamath Lake: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1183, v, 33 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20091183.","productDescription":"v, 33 p.","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125488,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2009_1183.jpg"},{"id":12968,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2009/1183/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.16666666666667,42.166666666666664 ], [ -122.16666666666667,42.666666666666664 ], [ -121.66666666666667,42.666666666666664 ], [ -121.66666666666667,42.166666666666664 ], [ -122.16666666666667,42.166666666666664 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ab2e4b07f02db66ed02","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Janney, Eric C. 0000-0002-0228-2174","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0228-2174","contributorId":83629,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Janney","given":"Eric","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":303206,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hayes, Brian S. 0000-0001-8229-4070","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8229-4070","contributorId":37022,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hayes","given":"Brian S.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":303204,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hewitt, David A. 0000-0002-5387-0275 dhewitt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5387-0275","contributorId":3767,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hewitt","given":"David","email":"dhewitt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303200,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Barry, Patrick M.","contributorId":11572,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barry","given":"Patrick","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303201,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Scott, Alta","contributorId":34612,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scott","given":"Alta","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303203,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Koller, Justin","contributorId":15305,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koller","given":"Justin","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303202,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Johnson, Mark","contributorId":48272,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Mark","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303205,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Blackwood, Greta gblackwood@usgs.gov","contributorId":3372,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blackwood","given":"Greta","email":"gblackwood@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":303199,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":97799,"text":"ofr20091153 - 2009 - Geologic Map of the Shenandoah National Park Region, Virginia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-24T16:29:19","indexId":"ofr20091153","displayToPublicDate":"2009-09-03T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-1153","title":"Geologic Map of the Shenandoah National Park Region, Virginia","docAbstract":"The geology of the Shenandoah National Park region of Virginia was studied from 1995 to 2008. The focus of the study was the park and surrounding areas to provide the National Park Service with modern geologic data for resource management. Additional geologic data of the adjacent areas are included to provide regional context. The geologic map can be used to support activities such as ecosystem delineation, land-use planning, soil mapping, groundwater availability and quality studies, aggregate resources assessment, and engineering and environmental studies.\r\n\r\nThe study area is centered on the Shenandoah National Park, which is mostly situated in the western part of the Blue Ridge province. The map covers the central section and western limb of the Blue Ridge-South Mountain anticlinorium. The Skyline Drive and Appalachian National Scenic Trail straddle the drainage divide of the Blue Ridge highlands. Water drains northwestward to the South Fork of the Shenandoah River and southeastward to the James and Rappahannock Rivers. East of the park, the Blue Ridge is an area of low relief similar to the physiography of the Piedmont province. The Great Valley section of the Valley and Ridge province is west of Blue Ridge and consists of Page Valley and Massanutten Mountain. The distribution and types of surficial deposits and landforms closely correspond to the different physiographic provinces and their respective bedrock.\r\n\r\nThe Shenandoah National Park is underlain by three general groups of rock units: (1) Mesoproterozoic granitic gneisses and granitoids, (2) Neoproterozoic metasedimentary rocks of the Swift Run Formation and metabasalt of the Catoctin Formation, and (3) siliciclastic rocks of the Lower Cambrian Chilhowee Group. The gneisses and granitoids mostly underlie the lowlands east of Blue Ridge but also rugged peaks like Old Rag Mountain (996 meter). Metabasalt underlies much of the highlands, like Stony Man (1,200 meters). The siliciclastic rocks underlie linear ridges from 800 to 400 meters in altitude. The Page Valley is underlain by Cambrian and Ordovician carbonate rocks. Siliciclastic rocks are mostly west of the South Fork of the Shenandoah River and underlie Massanutten Mountain. Surficial deposits in the highlands include colluvium and debris fans. The lowlands have broad alluvial fans, alluvial plains, and fluvial terraces. Ridges underlain by siliciclastic rocks have abundant boulder fields. Numerous sinkholes and caves are due to the dissolution of the carbonate bedrock.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20091153","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the National Park Service","usgsCitation":"Southworth, S., Aleinikoff, J.N., Bailey, C.M., Burton, W.C., Crider, E., Hackley, P.C., Smoot, J.P., and Tollo, R.P., 2009, Geologic Map of the Shenandoah National Park Region, Virginia: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1153, Report: vii, 96 p.; Map: 39 x 50 inches; Downloads Directory, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20091153.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 96 p.; Map: 39 x 50 inches; Downloads Directory","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-049529","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":118521,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2009_1153.jpg"},{"id":12967,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2009/1153/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"1","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -79,38 ], [ -79,39 ], [ -78,39 ], [ -78,38 ], [ -79,38 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ae4b07f02db6a844d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Southworth, Scott","contributorId":93933,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Southworth","given":"Scott","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303198,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Aleinikoff, John N. 0000-0003-3494-6841 jaleinikoff@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3494-6841","contributorId":1478,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aleinikoff","given":"John","email":"jaleinikoff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303193,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bailey, Christopher M.","contributorId":70503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bailey","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303197,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Burton, William C. 0000-0001-7519-5787 bburton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7519-5787","contributorId":1293,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burton","given":"William","email":"bburton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303192,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Crider, E.A.","contributorId":27959,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crider","given":"E.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303196,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hackley, Paul C. 0000-0002-5957-2551 phackley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5957-2551","contributorId":592,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hackley","given":"Paul","email":"phackley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303191,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Smoot, Joseph P. 0000-0002-5064-8070 jpsmoot@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5064-8070","contributorId":2742,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smoot","given":"Joseph","email":"jpsmoot@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303194,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Tollo, Richard P.","contributorId":6465,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tollo","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303195,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70230338,"text":"70230338 - 2009 - Performance of spread spectrum Global Positioning System collars on grizzly and black bears","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-04-07T14:34:44.126276","indexId":"70230338","displayToPublicDate":"2009-09-01T09:29:58","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Performance of spread spectrum Global Positioning System collars on grizzly and black bears","docAbstract":"Global Positioning System (GPS) telemetry is a prevalent tool now used in the study of large mammals. Global Positioning Systems either store the data on board the collar or contain a remote-transfer system that allows for data recovery at more frequent intervals. Spread spectrum (S–S) technology is a new mode of data transfer designed to overcome interference problems associated with narrow-band very high frequency and ultra high frequency data-transfer systems. We evaluated performance of S–S GPS radiocollars deployed on grizzly (Ursus arctos) and black bears (U. americanus). We also evaluated variables that influenced GPS fix success rates, with particular focus on animal activity, time of year, and temperature. The S–S GPS collars performed to our expectations and met study objectives; we did not experience any major problems with the data-transfer system. We observed varying rates of fix success that were directly related to recorded activity counts. Using logistic regression, we verified that activity counts were a reasonable measure of resting or feeding–traveling in both bear species. Our results showed that 73% and 79% of missed fixes, respectively, occurred when we predicted black and grizzly bears to be resting. Temperatures measured in the canister of the collar were not correlated with air temperature, suggesting posture and activity influenced canister temperature. Both measures of temperature were predictive of fix success. We did not find that fix success was related to body morphology (i.e., neck circumference, mass, and chest girth), fix interval, position of the GPS antenna relative to the sky, or sex of the bear. We conclude that fix success for both species is strongly related to activity patterns and time of year. Activity counters appear to be a reasonable measure of this behavior, and we recommend researchers consider including an activity-count system when deploying GPS collars. We also recommend researchers explore building separate models of habitat selection based upon categories of activity to account for bias in fix success associated with bear behavior.
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