Analyzing telemetry data within a mark–recapture framework is a powerful approach for estimating demographic parameters (e.g., survival and movement probabilities) that might otherwise be difficult to measure. Yet many studies using telemetry techniques focus on fish behavior and fail to recognize the potential of telemetry data to provide information about fish survival. The sophistication of both mark–recapture modeling and telemetry has dramatically improved since the 1980s, largely due to technological advancements in computing power (for mark–recapture models) and electronic components (for telemetry). Such advances now allow mark–recapture models to take advantage of the detailed information that telemetry techniques can provide.
The key feature of mark–recapture models is simultaneous estimation of detection and survival probabilities. With telemetry, a “capture” event consists of detecting a given tag code one or more times at a specific location or time. By contrast, in some studies interest may focus on the probability of detecting a single tag transmission (see Sections 7.2 and 9.1). Compared to conventional mark and recapture methods, telemetry methods often have greater detection probabilities due to large detection ranges, increased “effort” (i.e., continuous monitoring with autonomous receivers), and ability to simultaneously monitor multiple locations. Nonetheless, perfect detectability is rare in telemetry studies because both random (e.g., from electronic noise) and nonrandom processes (e.g., receiver loses power temporarily) can allow a fish to pass a receiver undetected. Failure to account for imperfect detection can lead to serious bias in survival estimates. When using telemetry to estimate survival, it is therefore critical to explicitly estimate detection probabilities to ensure unbiased estimates of survival (see Section 7.2). Fortunately, using telemetry techniques and mark–recapture models together yields the best of both worlds: Well-designed telemetry systems deliver high detection probabilities that result in precise estimates from small sample sizes. Mark–recapture models ensure estimates of the demographic parameters are unbiased with respect to the detection process.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Telemetry techniques: A user guide for fisheries research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","publisherLocation":"Bethesda, MD","doi":"10.47886/9781934874264.ch19","usgsCitation":"Perry, R.W., Castro-Santos, T.R., Holbrook, C., and Sandford, B., 2012, Using mark-recapture models to estimate survival from telemetry data: Chapter 9.2, chap. of Telemetry techniques: A user guide for fisheries research, p. 453-475, https://doi.org/10.47886/9781934874264.ch19.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"453","endPage":"475","numberOfPages":"518","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-037563","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":319642,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56fd062fe4b0a6037df2d077","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Adams, Noah","contributorId":91604,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adams","given":"Noah","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":625682,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Beeman, John W. jbeeman@usgs.gov","contributorId":2646,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beeman","given":"John","email":"jbeeman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":625683,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Eiler, John H.","contributorId":146952,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Eiler","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":625684,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Perry, Russell W. 0000-0003-4110-8619 rperry@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4110-8619","contributorId":2820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perry","given":"Russell","email":"rperry@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":625658,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Castro-Santos, Theodore R. 0000-0003-2575-9120 tcastrosantos@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2575-9120","contributorId":3321,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Castro-Santos","given":"Theodore","email":"tcastrosantos@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":625659,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Holbrook, Christopher M. 0000-0001-8203-6856 cholbrook@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8203-6856","contributorId":4198,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holbrook","given":"Christopher M.","email":"cholbrook@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":625660,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sandford, Benjamin P.","contributorId":118178,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sandford","given":"Benjamin P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":515037,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70040354,"text":"70040354 - 2012 - Status and limiting factors of two rare plant species in dry montane communities of Hawai`i Volcanoes National Park.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-05T12:43:14","indexId":"70040354","displayToPublicDate":"2012-08-29T18:30:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"seriesTitle":{"id":414,"text":"Technical Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":9}},"seriesNumber":"HCSU-030","title":"Status and limiting factors of two rare plant species in dry montane communities of Hawai`i Volcanoes National Park.","docAbstract":"Two rare plants native to montane dry forests and woodland communities of Hawai`i Volcanoes National Park (HAVO) were studied for more than two years to determine their stand structure, short-term mortality rates, patterns of reproductive phenology, success of fruit production, floral visitor composition, seed germination rates in the greenhouse, and survival of both natural and planted seedlings. Phyllostegia stachyoides, a shrubby Hawaiian mint (Lamiaceae) that is a species of concern, was studied within two small kīpuka at a natural population on the park’s Mauna Loa Strip, and three plantings at sites along the Mauna Loa Road were also monitored. Silene hawaiiensis, a threatened shrub species in the pink family (Caryophyllaceae), was monitored at two natural populations, one on Mauna Loa at the Three Trees Kīpuka and the second on Kīlauea Crater Rim south of Halema`uma`u. Silene hawaiiensis plantings were also made inside and outside ungulate exclosures at the park’s Kahuku Unit
\nPhyllostegia stachyoides appeared to have a relatively stable natural population in HAVO with approximately 19% adult plant mortality over three years and recruitment of natural seedlings. Despite high mortality (~98%), some seedlings persisted for more than a year, and recruitment of new plants into the population exceeded the losses of adult plants. Flowering and fruiting phenology was annual and seasonal with peak appearance of buds and flowers in spring and greatest abundance of mature fruit in the summer and fall. Successful production of green fruit from buds and flowers was very high (45%), and green fruit transitioned to mature fruit at a rate of 17.8%. Five insect species were observed visiting flowers, and those with the greatest visitation rates were the alien hover fly Allograpta obliqua (Syrphidae) and the endemic yellowfaced bee Hylaeus difficilis (Colletidae). Both insect species were shown to be carrying pollen of P. stachyoides. Seed germination rates in the greenhouse were variable but ranged as high as 80.4%. Mortality of seedlings planted at three sites along the Mauna Loa Road was very high (~90%) within 2–3 years of planting. There was no significant difference in the mortality or growth of seedlings planted in areas with little grass compared to those in adjacent areas with high grass cover.
\nSilene hawaiiensis had a stable population structure at the Mauna Loa study area, but its population structure at the Kīlauea study site was flat to declining. Mortality of adult plants was low on Mauna Loa (6.5%), but was greater than 30% at the Kīlauea Crater Rim site. Among regularly monitored plants at the Kīlauea site, losses were observed in all size classes between 2006 and 2008. Natural seedling recruitment was observed in stand structure plots at both sites between 2006 and 2007, but numbers of seedlings were low and did not compensate for losses of adult plants. Reproductive phenology was annual with buds and flowers observed in summer and fall, and fruit formed in the fall and winter. The production of immature fruit capsules from buds and flowers was high (51.2%) and tagged immature fruit became mature fruit at a high rate of 66.7%. Floral visitation rates were very low in timed observations and only three insect species were identified visiting S. hawaiiensis flowers: native yellow-faced bees Hylaeus difficilis and H. volcanicus, and the alien hover fly Allograpta exotica. A seed dispersal experiment at the Kīlauea Crater Rim site demonstrated that wind dispersed seeds could travel at least 40 m from S. hawaiiensis plants with mature open capsules. Seed germination rates varied from 7.0 to 73.0% in greenhouse trials. Mortality of planted seedlings at Kahuku was not significantly greater outside ungulate exclosures than inside, but growth in height and production of reproductive structures was significantly greater in protected areas inside exclosures. In the current study, the seedling stage was the most vulnerable part of the life cycle for both P. stachyoides and S. hawaiiensis, and low seedling recruitment appeared to be the most important limiting factor for these species
","publisher":"University of Hawaii at Hilo","publisherLocation":"Hilo, HI","usgsCitation":"Pratt, L.W., VanDeMark, J.R., and Euaparadorn, M., 2012, Status and limiting factors of two rare plant species in dry montane communities of Hawai`i Volcanoes National Park.: Technical Report HCSU-030, vi, 61 p.","productDescription":"vi, 61 p.","numberOfPages":"66","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-035543","costCenters":[{"id":521,"text":"Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":326194,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57a9ad71e4b05e859bdfbafc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pratt, Linda W. lpratt@usgs.gov","contributorId":3708,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pratt","given":"Linda","email":"lpratt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":644950,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"VanDeMark, Joshua R.","contributorId":120307,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"VanDeMark","given":"Joshua","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":514586,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Euaparadorn, Melody","contributorId":119927,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Euaparadorn","given":"Melody","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":514585,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70040328,"text":"ds709A - 2012 - Local-area-enhanced, 2.5-meter resolution natural-color and color-infrared satellite-image mosaics of the Khanneshin mineral district in Afghanistan: Chapter A in Local-area-enhanced, high-resolution natural-color and color-infrared satellite-image mosaics of mineral districts in Afghanistan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-01T11:13:25","indexId":"ds709A","displayToPublicDate":"2012-08-17T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"709","chapter":"A","title":"Local-area-enhanced, 2.5-meter resolution natural-color and color-infrared satellite-image mosaics of the Khanneshin mineral district in Afghanistan: Chapter A in Local-area-enhanced, high-resolution natural-color and color-infrared satellite-image mosaics of mineral districts in Afghanistan","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Defense Task Force for Business and Stability Operations, prepared databases for mineral-resource target areas in Afghanistan. The purpose of the databases is to (1) provide useful data to ground-survey crews for use in performing detailed assessments of the areas and (2) provide useful information to private investors who are considering investment in a particular area for development of its natural resources. The set of satellite-image mosaics provided in this Data Series (DS) is one such database. Although airborne digital color-infrared imagery was acquired for parts of Afghanistan in 2006, the image data have radiometric variations that preclude their use in creating a consistent image mosaic for geologic analysis. Consequently, image mosaics were created using ALOS (Advanced Land Observation Satellite; renamed Daichi) satellite images, whose radiometry has been well determined (Saunier, 2007a,b). This part of the DS consists of the locally enhanced ALOS image mosaics for the Khanneshin mineral district, which has uranium, thorium, rare-earth-element, and apatite deposits. ALOS was launched on January 24, 2006, and provides multispectral images from the AVNIR (Advanced Visible and Near-Infrared Radiometer) sensor in blue (420-500 nanometer, nm), green (520-600 nm), red (610-690 nm), and near-infrared (760-890 nm) wavelength bands with an 8-bit dynamic range and a 10-meter (m) ground resolution. The satellite also provides a panchromatic band image from the PRISM (Panchromatic Remote-sensing Instrument for Stereo Mapping) sensor (520-770 nm) with the same dynamic range but a 2.5-m ground resolution. The image products in this DS incorporate copyrighted data provided by the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (©JAXA,2007,2008,2010), but the image processing has altered the original pixel structure and all image values of the JAXA ALOS data, such that original image values cannot be recreated from this DS. As such, the DS products match JAXA criteria for value added products, which are not copyrighted, according to the ALOS end-user license agreement. The selection criteria for the satellite imagery used in our mosaics were images having (1) the highest solar-elevation angles (near summer solstice) and (2) the least cloud, cloud-shadow, and snow cover. The multispectral and panchromatic data were orthorectified with ALOS satellite ephemeris data, a process which is not as accurate as orthorectification using digital elevation models (DEMs); however, the ALOS processing center did not have a precise DEM. As a result, the multispectral and panchromatic image pairs were generally not well registered to the surface and not coregistered well enough to perform resolution enhancement on the multispectral data. Therefore, it was necessary to (1) register the 10-m AVNIR multispectral imagery to a well-controlled Landsat image base, (2) mosaic the individual multispectral images into a single image of the entire area of interest, (3) register each panchromatic image to the registered multispectral image base, and (4) mosaic the individual panchromatic images into a single image of the entire area of interest. The two image-registration steps were facilitated using an automated control-point algorithm developed by the USGS that allows image coregistration to within one picture element. Before rectification, the multispectral and panchromatic images were converted to radiance values and then to relative-reflectance values using the methods described in Davis (2006). Mosaicking the multispectral or panchromatic images started with the image with the highest sun-elevation angle and the least atmospheric scattering, which was treated as the standard image. The band-reflectance values of all other multispectral or panchromatic images within the area were sequentially adjusted to that of the standard image by determining band-reflectance correspondence between overlapping images using linear least-squares analysis. The resolution of the multispectral image mosaic was then increased to that of the panchromatic image mosaic using the SPARKLE logic, which is described in Davis (2006). Each of the four-band images within the resolution-enhanced image mosaic was individually subjected to a local-area histogram stretch algorithm (described in Davis, 2007), which stretches each band's picture element based on the digital values of all picture elements within a 500-m radius. The final databases, which are provided in this DS, are three-band, color-composite images of the local-area-enhanced, natural-color data (the blue, green, and red wavelength bands) and color-infrared data (the green, red, and near-infrared wavelength bands). All image data were initially projected and maintained in Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) map projection using the target area's local zone (41 for Khanneshin) and the WGS84 datum. The final image mosaics were subdivided into nine overlapping tiles or quadrants because of the large size of the target area. The nine image tiles (or quadrants) for the Khanneshin area are provided as embedded geotiff images, which can be read and used by most geographic information system (GIS) and image-processing software. The tiff world files (tfw) are provided, even though they are generally not needed for most software to read an embedded geotiff image. Within the Khanneshin study area, one subarea was designated for detailed field investigations (that is, the Khanneshin volcano subarea); this subarea was extracted from the area's image mosaic and is provided as separate embedded geotiff images.","largerWorkTitle":"Local-area-enhanced, high-resolution natural-color and color-infrared satellite-image mosaics of mineral districts in Afghanistan (DS 709)","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds709A","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Defense Task Force for Business and Stability Operations and the Afghanistan Geological Survey. This report is Chapter A in Local-area-enhanced, high-resolution natural-color and color-infrared satellite-image mosaics of mineral districts in Afghanistan. For more information, see: DS 709.","usgsCitation":"Davis, P.A., Cagney, L.E., Arko, S.A., and Harbin, M., 2012, Local-area-enhanced, 2.5-meter resolution natural-color and color-infrared satellite-image mosaics of the Khanneshin mineral district in Afghanistan: Chapter A in Local-area-enhanced, high-resolution natural-color and color-infrared satellite-image mosaics of mineral districts in Afghanistan: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 709, Readme; 2 Index Maps: 11 x 8.5 inches and 76.14 x 50.07 inches; 20 Image Files; 20 Metadata Files; Shapefiles; DS 709, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds709A.","productDescription":"Readme; 2 Index Maps: 11 x 8.5 inches and 76.14 x 50.07 inches; 20 Image Files; 20 Metadata Files; Shapefiles; DS 709","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":262599,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds_709_A.jpg"},{"id":262598,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/709/a/index_maps/Khanneshin_Image_Index_Map.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":262596,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/709/a/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":262597,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/709/a/index_maps/Khanneshin_Area-of-Interest_Index_Map.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":263615,"type":{"id":20,"text":"Read Me"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/709/a/1_readme.txt"},{"id":263616,"type":{"id":14,"text":"Image"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/709/a/image_files/image_files.html"},{"id":263617,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/709/a/metadata/metadata.html"},{"id":263618,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/709/"},{"id":263619,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/709/a/shapefiles/shapefiles.html"}],"country":"Afghanistan","state":"Helm;Nimroz","otherGeospatial":"Khanneshin Mineral District","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 62.75,29.916667 ], [ 62.75,30.833333 ], [ 64.416667,30.833333 ], [ 64.416667,29.916667 ], [ 62.75,29.916667 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"507ee039e4b022001d87bb7e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Davis, Philip A. pdavis@usgs.gov","contributorId":692,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"Philip","email":"pdavis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":468097,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cagney, Laura E. 0000-0003-3282-2458 lcagney@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3282-2458","contributorId":4744,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cagney","given":"Laura","email":"lcagney@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":468098,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Arko, Scott A.","contributorId":101929,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arko","given":"Scott","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468100,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Harbin, Michelle L.","contributorId":20590,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harbin","given":"Michelle L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468099,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70039606,"text":"ds659 - 2012 - Groundwater-quality data in the Borrego Valley, Central Desert, and Low-Use Basins of the Mojave and Sonoran Deserts study unit, 2008-2010--Results from the California GAMA Program","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-08-16T01:02:05","indexId":"ds659","displayToPublicDate":"2012-08-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"659","title":"Groundwater-quality data in the Borrego Valley, Central Desert, and Low-Use Basins of the Mojave and Sonoran Deserts study unit, 2008-2010--Results from the California GAMA Program","docAbstract":"Groundwater quality in the 12,103-square-mile Borrego Valley, Central Desert, and Low-Use Basins of the Mojave and Sonoran Deserts (CLUB) study unit was investigated by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) from December 2008 to March 2010, as part of the California State Water Resources Control Board (SWRCB) Groundwater Ambient Monitoring and Assessment (GAMA) Program's Priority Basin Project (PBP). The GAMA-PBP was developed in response to the California Groundwater Quality Monitoring Act of 2001 and is being conducted in collaboration with the SWRCB and Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL). The CLUB study unit was the twenty-eighth study unit to be sampled as part of the GAMA-PBP. The GAMA CLUB study was designed to provide a spatially unbiased assessment of untreated-groundwater quality in the primary aquifer systems, and to facilitate statistically consistent comparisons of untreated-groundwater quality throughout California. The primary aquifer systems (hereinafter referred to as primary aquifers) are defined as parts of aquifers corresponding to the perforation intervals of wells listed in the California Department of Public Health (CDPH) database for the CLUB study unit. The quality of groundwater in shallow or deep water-bearing zones may differ from the quality of groundwater in the primary aquifers; shallow groundwater may be more vulnerable to surficial contamination. In the CLUB study unit, groundwater samples were collected from 52 wells in 3 study areas (Borrego Valley, Central Desert, and Low-Use Basins of the Mojave and Sonoran Deserts) in San Bernardino, Riverside, Kern, San Diego, and Imperial Counties. Forty-nine of the wells were selected by using a spatially distributed, randomized grid-based method to provide statistical representation of the study unit (grid wells), and three wells were selected to aid in evaluation of water-quality issues (understanding wells). The groundwater samples were analyzed for organic constituents (volatile organic compounds [VOCs], pesticides and pesticide degradates, and pharmaceutical compounds), constituents of special interest (perchlorate and N-nitrosodimethylamine [NDMA]), naturally-occurring inorganic constituents (trace elements, nutrients, major and minor ions, silica, total dissolved solids [TDS], alkalinity, and species of inorganic chromium), and radioactive constituents (radon-222, radium isotopes, and gross alpha and gross beta radioactivity). Naturally-occurring isotopes (stable isotopes of hydrogen, oxygen, boron, and strontium in water, stable isotopes of carbon in dissolved inorganic carbon, activities of tritium, and carbon-14 abundance) and dissolved noble gases also were measured to help identify the sources and ages of sampled groundwater. In total, 223 constituents and 12 water-quality indicators were investigated. Three types of quality-control samples (blanks, replicates, and matrix spikes) were collected at up to 10 percent of the wells in the CLUB study unit, and the results for these samples were used to evaluate the quality of the data for the groundwater samples. Field blanks rarely contained detectable concentrations of any constituent, suggesting that contamination from sample collection procedures was not a significant source of bias in the data for the groundwater samples. Replicate samples generally were within the limits of acceptable analytical reproducibility. Median matrix-spike recoveries were within the acceptable range (70 to 130 percent) for approximately 85 percent of the compounds. This study did not attempt to evaluate the quality of water delivered to consumers; after withdrawal from the ground, untreated groundwater typically is treated, disinfected, and (or) blended with other waters to maintain water quality. Regulatory benchmarks apply to water that is delivered to the consumer, not to untreated groundwater. However, to provide some context for the results, concentrations of constituents measured in the untreated groundwater were compared with regulatory and non-regulatory health-based benchmarks established by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) and CDPH, and to non-regulatory benchmarks established for aesthetic concerns by CDPH. Comparisons between data collected for this study and benchmarks for drinking water are for illustrative purposes only and are not indicative of compliance or non-compliance with those benchmarks. Most inorganic constituents detected in groundwater samples from the 49 grid wells were detected at concentrations less than drinking-water benchmarks. In addition, all detections of organic constituents from the CLUB study-unit grid-well samples were less than health-based benchmarks. In total, VOCs were detected in 17 of the 49 grid wells sampled (approximately 35 percent), pesticides and pesticide degradates were detected in 5 of the 47 grid wells sampled (approximately 11 percent), and perchlorate was detected in 41 of 49 grid wells sampled (approximately 84 percent). Trace elements, major and minor ions, and nutrients were sampled for at 39 grid wells, and radioactive constituents were sampled for at 23 grid wells; most detected concentrations were less than health-based benchmarks. Exceptions in the grid-well samples include seven detections of arsenic greater than the USEPA maximum contaminant level (MCL-US) of 10 micrograms per liter (μg/L); four detections of boron greater than the CDPH notification level (NL-CA) of 1,000 μg/L; six detections of molybdenum greater than the USEPA lifetime health advisory level (HAL-US) of 40 μg/L; two detections of uranium greater than the MCL-US of 30 μg/L; nine detections of fluoride greater than the CDPH maximum contaminant level (MCL-CA) of 2 milligrams per liter (mg/L); one detection of nitrite plus nitrate (NO2-+NO3-), as nitrogen, greater than the MCL-US of 10 mg/L; and four detections of gross alpha radioactivity (72-hour count), and one detection of gross alpha radioactivity (30-day count), greater than the MCL-US of 15 picocuries per liter. Results for constituents with non-regulatory benchmarks set for aesthetic concerns showed that a manganese concentration greater than the CDPH secondary maximum contaminant level (SMCL-CA) of 50 μg/L was detected in one grid well. Chloride concentrations greater than the recommended SMCL-CA benchmark of 250 mg/L were detected in three grid wells, and one of these wells also had a concentration that was greater than the upper SMCL-CA benchmark of 500 mg/L. Sulfate concentrations greater than the recommended SMCL-CA benchmark of 250 mg/L were measured in six grid wells. TDS concentrations greater than the SMCL-CA recommended benchmark of 500 mg/L were measured in 20 grid wells, and concentrations in 2 of these wells also were greater than the SMCL-CA upper benchmark of 1,000 mg/L.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds659","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the California State Water Resources Control Board A Product of the California Groundwater Ambient Monitoring and Assessment (GAMA) Program","usgsCitation":"Mathany, T., Wright, M.T., Beuttel, B.S., and Belitz, K., 2012, Groundwater-quality data in the Borrego Valley, Central Desert, and Low-Use Basins of the Mojave and Sonoran Deserts study unit, 2008-2010--Results from the California GAMA Program: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 659, x, 100 p.; maps (col.); Tables; Appendix, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds659.","productDescription":"x, 100 p.; maps (col.); Tables; Appendix","startPage":"i","endPage":"100","numberOfPages":"114","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2008-01-01","temporalEnd":"2010-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":259614,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds_659.jpg"},{"id":259609,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/659/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":259610,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/659/pdf/ds659.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Borrego Valley;Mojave Desert;Sonoran Desert","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2dcfe4b0c8380cd5c040","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mathany, Timothy M. 0000-0002-4747-5113","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4747-5113","contributorId":99949,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mathany","given":"Timothy M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":466560,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wright, Michael T. 0000-0003-0653-6466 mtwright@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0653-6466","contributorId":1508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"Michael","email":"mtwright@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":466558,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Beuttel, Brandon S. bbeuttel@usgs.gov","contributorId":5069,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beuttel","given":"Brandon","email":"bbeuttel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":466559,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Belitz, Kenneth 0000-0003-4481-2345 kbelitz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4481-2345","contributorId":442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belitz","given":"Kenneth","email":"kbelitz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":466557,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70039297,"text":"70039297 - 2012 - Time-specific patterns of nest survival for ducks and passerines breeding in North Dakota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-26T11:20:06","indexId":"70039297","displayToPublicDate":"2012-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3544,"text":"The Auk","onlineIssn":"1938-4254","printIssn":"0004-8038","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Time-specific patterns of nest survival for ducks and passerines breeding in North Dakota","docAbstract":"In many bird species, survival can vary with the age of the nest, with the date a nest was initiated, or among years within the same nesting area. A literature review showed that patterns of survival vary in relation to nest age and date and are often contradictory. Inconsistencies could be a result of temporal variation in the environment or life-history differences among species. We examined patterns of nest survival in relation to nest age, date, and year for several duck and passerine species nesting at a single location in North Dakota during 1998–2003. We predicted that if environment shaped nest survival patterns, then temporal patterns in survival might be similar among three species of upland nesting ducks, and also among three species of grassland passerines nesting at the same site. We expected that survival patterns would differ between ducks and passerines because of relatively disparate life histories and differences in predators that prey on their nests. Nest survival was rarely constant among years, seasonally, or with age of the nest for species that we studied. As predicted, the pattern of survival was similar among duck species, driven mainly by differences in nest survival associated with nest initiation date. The pattern of survival also was similar among passerine species, but nest survival was more influenced by nest age than by date. Our findings suggest that some but not all variation in temporal patterns of nest survival in grassland birds reported in the literature can be explained on the basis of temporal environmental variation. Because patterns of survival were dissimilar among ducks and passerines, it is likely that mechanisms such as predation or brood parasitism have variable influences on productivity of ducks and passerines nesting in the same area. Our results indicate that biologists and managers should not assume that temporal environmental variations, especially factors that affect nest survival, act similarly on all grassland birds.","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornithological Society","doi":"10.1525/auk.2012.11064","usgsCitation":"Shaffer, T.L., and Grant, T.A., 2012, Time-specific patterns of nest survival for ducks and passerines breeding in North Dakota: The Auk, v. 129, no. 2, p. 319-328, https://doi.org/10.1525/auk.2012.11064.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"319","endPage":"328","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":487969,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1525/auk.2012.11064","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":259370,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Dakota","volume":"129","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb3dae4b08c986b326016","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shaffer, Terry L. 0000-0001-6950-8951 tshaffer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6950-8951","contributorId":3192,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shaffer","given":"Terry","email":"tshaffer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":465993,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Grant, Todd A.","contributorId":93752,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grant","given":"Todd","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":465994,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70039267,"text":"pp1789 - 2012 - Water quality and landscape processes of four watersheds in eastern Puerto Rico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-07-31T01:01:47","indexId":"pp1789","displayToPublicDate":"2012-07-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1789","title":"Water quality and landscape processes of four watersheds in eastern Puerto Rico","docAbstract":"Humid tropical regions occupy about a quarter of Earth's land surface, yet they contribute a substantially higher fraction of the water, solutes, and sediment discharged to the world's oceans. Nearly half of Earth's population lives in the tropics, and development stresses can potentially harm soil resources, water quality, and water supply and in addition increase landslide and flood hazards. Owing to Puerto Rico's steep topography, low water storage capacity, and dependence on trade-wind precipitation, the island's people, ecosystems, and water supply are vulnerable to extreme weather such as hurricanes, floods, and droughts. Eastern Puerto Rico offers a natural laboratory for separating geologic and land-cover influences from regional- and global-scale influences because of its various bedrock types and the changing land cover surrounding intact, mature forest of the Luquillo Experimental Forest. Accordingly, a multiyear assessment of hydrological and biogeochemical processes was designed to develop an understanding of the effects of these differences on local climate, streamflow, water quality, and ecosystems, and to form the basis for a long-term and event-based program of climate and hydrologic monitoring. Because infrequent, large storms play a major role in this landscape, we focused on high-runoff events, sampling 263 storms, including all major hurricanes from 1991 through 2005. The largest storms have profound geomorphic consequences, such as landslides, debris flows, deep gullying on deforested lands, excavation and suspension of sediment in stream channels, and delivery of a substantial fraction of annual stream sediment load. Large storms sometimes entrain ocean foam and spray causing high concentrations of seasalt-derived constituents in stream waters during the storm. Past deforestation and agricultural activities in the Cayaguás and Canóvanas watersheds accelerated erosion and soil loss, and this material continues to be remobilized during large storms. Nearly 5,000 routine and event samples were analyzed for parameters that allow determination of denudation rates based on suspended and dissolved loads; 860 of these samples were analyzed for a comprehensive suite of chemical constituents. The rivers studied are generally similar in water-quality characteristics, and windward or leeward aspect appears to exert a stronger influence on water quality than geology or land cover. Of samples analyzed for comprehensive chemistry and for sediment, 543 were collected at runoff rates greater than 1 millimeter per hour, 256 at rates exceeding 10 millimeters per hour, and 3 at rates exceeding 90 millimeters per hour. Streams have rarely been sampled during events with such high runoff rates. Rates of physical and chemical weathering are especially high, and physical denudation rates, forested watersheds included, are considerably greater than is expected for a steady-state system. The elevated physical erosion drives an increased particulate organic carbon flux, one that is large, important to the carbon cycle, and sustainable, because soil-carbon regeneration is rapid. The 15-year Water, Energy, and Biogeochemical Budget dataset, which includes discharge, field parameters, suspended sediment, major cations and anions, and nutrients, is available from the U.S. Geological Survey's National Water Information System (http://waterdata.usgs.gov/nwis). The dataset provides a baseline for characterizing future environmental change and will improve our understanding of the interdependencies of land, water, and biological resources and their responses to changes in climate and land use. Because eastern Puerto Rico resembles many tropical regions in terms of geology and patterns of development, implications from this study are transferable to other tropical regions facing deforestation, rapid land-use change, and climate change.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/pp1789","usgsCitation":"Murphy, S.F., Stallard, R.F., Contributions by Buss, H.L., Gould, W.A., Larsen, M.C., Liu, Z., Martinuzzi, S., Pares-Ramos, I., White, A.F., and Zou, X., 2012, Water quality and landscape processes of four watersheds in eastern Puerto Rico: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1789, viii, 292 p.; Appendices; col. ill.; maps (col.), https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1789.","productDescription":"viii, 292 p.; Appendices; col. ill.; maps (col.)","startPage":"i","endPage":"292","numberOfPages":"304","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":434,"text":"National Research Program","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":259252,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1789/PP1789.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":259265,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/pp_1789.gif"},{"id":259251,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1789/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"Puerto Rico","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc87ce4b08c986b32c95f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Murphy, Sheila F. 0000-0002-5481-3635 sfmurphy@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5481-3635","contributorId":1854,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murphy","given":"Sheila","email":"sfmurphy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":465894,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stallard, Robert F. 0000-0001-8209-7608 stallard@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8209-7608","contributorId":1924,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stallard","given":"Robert","email":"stallard@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":465895,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Contributions by Buss, Heather L.","contributorId":21830,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Contributions by Buss","given":"Heather","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":465898,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gould, William A.","contributorId":103535,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gould","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":465902,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Larsen, Matthew C. mclarsen@usgs.gov","contributorId":1568,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larsen","given":"Matthew","email":"mclarsen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":465893,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Liu, Zhigang","contributorId":89015,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"Zhigang","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":465900,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Martinuzzi, Sebastian","contributorId":17491,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martinuzzi","given":"Sebastian","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":465897,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Pares-Ramos, Isabel K.","contributorId":98184,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pares-Ramos","given":"Isabel K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":465901,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"White, Arthur F. afwhite@usgs.gov","contributorId":3718,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"Arthur","email":"afwhite@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":465896,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Zou, Xiaoming","contributorId":56521,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zou","given":"Xiaoming","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":465899,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}} ,{"id":70038692,"text":"70038692 - 2012 - Patterns in species richness and assemblage structure of native mussels in the Upper Mississippi River","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-30T13:29:22.514524","indexId":"70038692","displayToPublicDate":"2012-07-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":862,"text":"Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Patterns in species richness and assemblage structure of native mussels in the Upper Mississippi River","docAbstract":"1. To evaluate patterns in mussel assemblages in the Upper Mississippi River (UMR), data from systematic surveys of mussels conducted in three large reaches (Navigation Pools 5, 6, and 18) from 2005–2007 were analysed. 2. Nonmetric multi-dimensional scaling analyses and permutation tests indicated that assemblages differed among reaches. The mussel assemblage in Pool 18 was substantially different from the assemblage in Pool 5 and moderately different from the assemblage in Pool 6, whereas assemblages in Pools 5 and 6 were similar. Assemblages in broadly defined, flowing aquatic habitats did not substantially differ. 3. The dissimilarity of Pool 18 was primarily the result of Pool 18 having higher abundances of three Quadrula species (Q. quadrula, Q. pustulosa, and Q. nodulata), and lower abundances of Amblema plicata and Fusconaia flava. 4. Rarefaction analyses showed that species richness and species density were higher in Pool 18 compared with the other two pools. 5. Large-scale patterns in mussel assemblages may be related to other longitudinal trends in the system including geomorphology, water quality, and abundances of fish species that serve as hosts for glochidial larvae. 6. The results suggest that management goals and actions in the UMR may need to account for important differences in mussel assemblages that occur among reaches.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/aqc.2255","usgsCitation":"Zigler, S.J., Newton, T., Davis, M., and Rogala, J.T., 2012, Patterns in species richness and assemblage structure of native mussels in the Upper Mississippi River: Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems, v. 22, no. 5, p. 577-587, https://doi.org/10.1002/aqc.2255.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"577","endPage":"587","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":381726,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Illinois, Iowa, Minnesota, Wisconsin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -97.646484375,\n 48.922499263758255\n ],\n [\n -96.85546875,\n 45.213003555993964\n ],\n [\n -96.6796875,\n 43.26120612479979\n ],\n [\n -95.537109375,\n 40.38002840251183\n ],\n [\n -91.669921875,\n 40.58058466412761\n ],\n [\n -89.912109375,\n 38.13455657705411\n ],\n [\n -89.296875,\n 37.020098201368114\n ],\n [\n -87.802734375,\n 38.20365531807149\n ],\n [\n -87.5390625,\n 41.50857729743935\n ],\n [\n -87.36328125,\n 45.1510532655634\n ],\n [\n -89.736328125,\n 46.195042108660154\n ],\n [\n -90.791015625,\n 46.86019101567027\n ],\n [\n -89.736328125,\n 48.3416461723746\n ],\n [\n -95.2734375,\n 49.03786794532644\n ],\n [\n -97.646484375,\n 48.922499263758255\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"22","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-05-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a75bfe4b0c8380cd77d07","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zigler, Steven J. 0000-0002-4153-0652 szigler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4153-0652","contributorId":2410,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zigler","given":"Steven","email":"szigler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":464710,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Newton, Teresa J. 0000-0001-9351-5852","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9351-5852","contributorId":78696,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Newton","given":"Teresa J.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":464713,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Davis, Mike","contributorId":50284,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"Mike","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464712,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rogala, James T. 0000-0002-1954-4097 jrogala@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1954-4097","contributorId":2651,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rogala","given":"James","email":"jrogala@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":464711,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70005483,"text":"70005483 - 2012 - Natural-channel-design restorations that changed geomorphology have little effect on macroinvertebrate communities in headwater streams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-07-31T01:01:47","indexId":"70005483","displayToPublicDate":"2012-07-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3271,"text":"Restoration Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Natural-channel-design restorations that changed geomorphology have little effect on macroinvertebrate communities in headwater streams","docAbstract":"Stream restorations that increase geomorphic stability can improve habitat quality, which should benefit selected species and local aquatic ecosystems. This assumption is often used to define primary restoration goals; yet, biological responses to restoration are rarely monitored or evaluated methodically. Macroinvertebrate communities were inventoried at 6 study reaches within 5 Catskill Mountain streams between 2002 and 2006 to characterize their responses to natural-channel-design (NCD) restoration. Although bank stability increased significantly at most restored reaches, analyses of variation showed that NCD restorations had no significant effect on 15 of 16 macroinvertebrate community metrics. Multidimensional scaling ordination indicated that communities from all reach types within a stream were much more similar to each other within any given year than they were in the same reaches across years or within any type of reach across streams. These findings indicate that source populations and watershed-scale factors were more important to macroinvertebrate community characteristics than were changes in channel geomorphology associated with NCD restoration. Furthermore, the response of macroinvertebrates to restoration cannot always be used to infer the response of other stream biota to restoration. Thus, a broad perspective is needed to characterize and evaluate the full range of effects that restoration can have on stream ecosystems.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Restoration Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","publisherLocation":"Hoboken, NJ","doi":"10.1111/j.1526-100X.2011.00790.x","usgsCitation":"Ernst, A., Warren, D.R., and Baldigo, B.P., 2012, Natural-channel-design restorations that changed geomorphology have little effect on macroinvertebrate communities in headwater streams: Restoration Ecology, v. 20, no. 4, p. 532-540, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1526-100X.2011.00790.x.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"532","endPage":"540","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":259262,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":259248,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1526-100X.2011.00790.x","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Catskill Mountains","volume":"20","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-06-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6380e4b0c8380cd72513","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ernst, Anne G.","contributorId":37825,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ernst","given":"Anne G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352641,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Warren, Dana R.","contributorId":96139,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warren","given":"Dana","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352642,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Baldigo, Barry P. 0000-0002-9862-9119 bbaldigo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9862-9119","contributorId":1234,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baldigo","given":"Barry","email":"bbaldigo@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":352640,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70038714,"text":"70038714 - 2012 - A collaborative approach for estimating terrestrial wildlife abundance","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-07-19T01:01:49","indexId":"70038714","displayToPublicDate":"2012-07-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1015,"text":"Biological Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A collaborative approach for estimating terrestrial wildlife abundance","docAbstract":"Accurately estimating abundance of wildlife is critical for establishing effective conservation and management strategies. Aerial methodologies for estimating abundance are common in developed countries, but they are often impractical for remote areas of developing countries where many of the world's endangered and threatened fauna exist. The alternative terrestrial methodologies can be constrained by limitations on access, technology, and human resources, and have rarely been comprehensively conducted for large terrestrial mammals at landscape scales. We attempted to overcome these problems by incorporating local peoples into a simultaneous point count of Asiatic wild ass (Equus hemionus) and goitered gazelle (Gazella subgutturosa) across the Great Gobi B Strictly Protected Area, Mongolia. Paired observers collected abundance and covariate metrics at 50 observation points and we estimated population sizes using distance sampling theory, but also assessed individual observer error to examine potential bias introduced by the large number of minimally trained observers. We estimated 5671 (95% CI = 3611–8907) wild asses and 5909 (95% CI = 3762–9279) gazelle inhabited the 11,027 km2 study area at the time of our survey and found that the methodology developed was robust at absorbing the logistical challenges and wide range of observer abilities. This initiative serves as a functional model for estimating terrestrial wildlife abundance while integrating local people into scientific and conservation projects. This, in turn, creates vested interest in conservation by the people who are most influential in, and most affected by, the outcomes.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Biological Conservation","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/j.biocon.2012.05.006","usgsCitation":"Ransom, J.I., Kaczensky, P., Lubow, B., Ganbaatar, O., and Altansukh, N., 2012, A collaborative approach for estimating terrestrial wildlife abundance: Biological Conservation, v. 153, p. 219-226, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2012.05.006.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"219","endPage":"226","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":259002,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":258992,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2012.05.006","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"volume":"153","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e349e4b0c8380cd45f38","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ransom, Jason I. 0000-0002-5930-4004","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5930-4004","contributorId":71645,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ransom","given":"Jason","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464764,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kaczensky, Petra","contributorId":74623,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kaczensky","given":"Petra","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464765,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lubow, Bruce C.","contributorId":59520,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lubow","given":"Bruce C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464763,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ganbaatar, Oyunsaikhan","contributorId":42082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ganbaatar","given":"Oyunsaikhan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464762,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Altansukh, Nanjid","contributorId":92531,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Altansukh","given":"Nanjid","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464766,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70188520,"text":"70188520 - 2012 - Chronostratigraphic framework for the IODP Expedition 318 cores from the Wilkes Land Margin: Constraints for paleoceanographic reconstruction","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-17T09:53:09","indexId":"70188520","displayToPublicDate":"2012-07-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3002,"text":"Paleoceanography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Chronostratigraphic framework for the IODP Expedition 318 cores from the Wilkes Land Margin: Constraints for paleoceanographic reconstruction","docAbstract":"The Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Expedition 318 to the Wilkes Land margin of Antarctica recovered a sedimentary succession ranging in age from lower Eocene to the Holocene. Excellent stratigraphic control is key to understanding the timing of paleoceanographic events through critical climate intervals. Drill sites recovered the lower and middle Eocene, nearly the entire Oligocene, the Miocene from about 17 Ma, the entire Pliocene and much of the Pleistocene. The paleomagnetic properties are generally suitable for magnetostratigraphic interpretation, with well-behaved demagnetization diagrams, uniform distribution of declinations, and a clear separation into two inclination modes. Although the sequences were discontinuously recovered with many gaps due to coring, and there are hiatuses from sedimentary and tectonic processes, the magnetostratigraphic patterns are in general readily interpretable. Our interpretations are integrated with the diatom, radiolarian, calcareous nannofossils and dinoflagellate cyst (dinocyst) biostratigraphy. The magnetostratigraphy significantly improves the resolution of the chronostratigraphy, particularly in intervals with poor biostratigraphic control. However, Southern Ocean records with reliable magnetostratigraphies are notably scarce, and the data reported here provide an opportunity for improved calibration of the biostratigraphic records. In particular, we provide a rare magnetostratigraphic calibration for dinocyst biostratigraphy in the Paleogene and a substantially improved diatom calibration for the Pliocene. This paper presents the stratigraphic framework for future paleoceanographic proxy records which are being developed for the Wilkes Land margin cores. It further provides tight constraints on the duration of regional hiatuses inferred from seismic surveys of the region.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2012PA002308","usgsCitation":"Tauxe, L., Stickley, C., Sugisaki, S., Bijl, P., Bohaty, S.M., Brinkhuis, H., Escutia, C., Flores, J., Houben, A., Iwai, M., Jimenez-Espejo, F., McKay, R., Passchier, S., Pross, J., Riesselman, C., Röhl, U., Sangiorgi, F., Welsh, K., Klaus, A., Fehr, A., Bendle, J., Dunbar, R., Gonzalez, J., Hayden, T., Katsuki, K., Olney, M., Pekar, S., Shrivastava, P., van de Flierdt, T., Williams, T., and Yamane, M., 2012, Chronostratigraphic framework for the IODP Expedition 318 cores from the Wilkes Land Margin: Constraints for paleoceanographic reconstruction: Paleoceanography, v. 27, no. 2, 19 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2012PA002308.","productDescription":"19 p.","ipdsId":"IP-038138","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474411,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2012pa002308","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":342498,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"27","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-06-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59424b3de4b0764e6c65dc79","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tauxe, L.","contributorId":53522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tauxe","given":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":698177,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stickley, C.E.","contributorId":64523,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stickley","given":"C.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":698178,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sugisaki, S.","contributorId":192929,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sugisaki","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":698179,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bijl, P.K.","contributorId":192930,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bijl","given":"P.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":698180,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bohaty, S. M.","contributorId":192931,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bohaty","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":698181,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Brinkhuis, H.","contributorId":89719,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brinkhuis","given":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":698182,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Escutia, C.","contributorId":88514,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Escutia","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":698183,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Flores, J.A.","contributorId":192932,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Flores","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":698184,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Houben, A.J.P.","contributorId":192933,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Houben","given":"A.J.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":698185,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Iwai, M.","contributorId":192934,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Iwai","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":698186,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Jimenez-Espejo, F.","contributorId":192935,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jimenez-Espejo","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":698187,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"McKay, R.","contributorId":67323,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKay","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":698188,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Passchier, 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Flierdt","given":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":698205,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":29},{"text":"Williams, T.","contributorId":47584,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Williams","given":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":698206,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":30},{"text":"Yamane, M.","contributorId":192946,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Yamane","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":698207,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":31}]}} ,{"id":70040434,"text":"pp1661F - 2012 - Turbidite event history—Methods and implications for Holocene paleoseismicity of the Cascadia subduction zone","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-05-13T20:01:45.91758","indexId":"pp1661F","displayToPublicDate":"2012-07-12T08:40:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1661","chapter":"F","displayTitle":"Turbidite Event History—Methods and Implications for Holocene Paleoseismicity of the Cascadia Subduction Zone","title":"Turbidite event history—Methods and implications for Holocene paleoseismicity of the Cascadia subduction zone","docAbstract":"Turbidite systems along the continental margin of Cascadia Basin from Vancouver Island, Canada, to Cape Mendocino, California, United States, have been investigated with swath bathymetry; newly collected and archive piston, gravity, kasten, and box cores; and accelerator mass spectrometry radiocarbon dates. The purpose of this study is to test the applicability of the Holocene turbidite record as a paleoseismic record for the Cascadia subduction zone. The Cascadia Basin is an ideal place to develop a turbidite paleoseismologic method and to record paleoearthquakes because (1) a single subduction-zone fault underlies the Cascadia submarine-canyon systems; (2) multiple tributary canyons and a variety of turbidite systems and sedimentary sources exist to use in tests of synchronous turbidite triggering; (3) the Cascadia trench is completely sediment filled, allowing channel systems to trend seaward across the abyssal plain, rather than merging in the trench; (4) the continental shelf is wide, favoring disconnection of Holocene river systems from their largely Pleistocene canyons; and (5) excellent stratigraphic datums, including the Mazama ash and distinguishable sedimentological and faunal changes near the Pleistocene-Holocene boundary, are present for correlating events and anchoring the temporal framework.
Multiple tributaries to Cascadia Channel with 50- to 150-km spacing, and a wide variety of other turbidite systems with different sedimentary sources contain 13 post-Mazama-ash and 19 Holocene turbidites. Likely correlative sequences are found in Cascadia Channel, Juan de Fuca Channel off Washington, and Hydrate Ridge slope basin and Astoria Fan off northern and central Oregon. A probable correlative sequence of turbidites is also found in cores on Rogue Apron off southern Oregon. The Hydrate Ridge and Rogue Apron cores also include 12-22 interspersed thinner turbidite beds respectively.
We use 14C dates, relative-dating tests at channel confluences, and stratigraphic correlation of turbidites to determine whether turbidites deposited in separate channel systems are correlative - triggered by a common event. In most cases, these tests can separate earthquake-triggered turbidity currents from other possible sources. The 10,000-year turbidite record along the Cascadia margin passes several tests for synchronous triggering and correlates well with the shorter onshore paleoseismic record. The synchroneity of a 10,000-year turbidite-event record for 500 km along the northern half of the Cascadia subduction zone is best explained by paleoseismic triggering by great earthquakes. Similarly, we find a likely synchronous record in southern Cascadia, including correlated additional events along the southern margin. We examine the applicability of other regional triggers, such as storm waves, storm surges, hyperpycnal flows, and teletsunami, specifically for the Cascadia margin.
The average age of the oldest turbidite emplacement event in the 10-0-ka series is 9,800±~210 cal yr B.P. and the youngest is 270±~120 cal yr B.P., indistinguishable from the A.D. 1700 (250 cal yr B.P.) Cascadia earthquake. The northern events define a great earthquake recurrence of ~500-530 years. The recurrence times and averages are supported by the thickness of hemipelagic sediment deposited between turbidite beds. The southern Oregon and northern California margins represent at least three segments that include all of the northern ruptures, as well as ~22 thinner turbidites of restricted latitude range that are correlated between multiple sites. At least two northern California sites, Trinidad and Eel Canyon/pools, record additional turbidites, which may be a mix of earthquake and sedimentologically or storm-triggered events, particularly during the early Holocene when a close connection existed between these canyons and associated river systems.
The combined stratigraphic correlations, hemipelagic analysis, and 14C framework suggest that the Cascadia margin has three rupture modes: (1) 19-20 full-length or nearly full length ruptures; (2) three or four ruptures comprising the southern 50-70 percent of the margin; and (3) 18-20 smaller southern-margin ruptures during the past 10 k.y., with the possibility of additional southern-margin events that are presently uncorrelated. The shorter rupture extents and thinner turbidites of the southern margin correspond well with spatial extents interpreted from the limited onshore paleoseismic record, supporting margin segmentation of southern Cascadia. The sequence of 41 events defines an average recurrence period for the southern Cascadia margin of ~240 years during the past 10 k.y.
Time-independent probabilities for segmented ruptures range from 7-12 percent in 50 years for full or nearly full margin ruptures to ~21 percent in 50 years for a southern-margin rupture. Time-dependent probabilities are similar for northern margin events at ~7-12 percent and 37-42 percent in 50 years for the southern margin. Failure analysis suggests that by the year 2060, Cascadia will have exceeded ~27 percent of Holocene recurrence intervals for the northern margin and 85 percent of recurrence intervals for the southern margin.
The long earthquake record established in Cascadia allows tests of recurrence models rarely possible elsewhere. Turbidite mass per event along the Cascadia margin reveals a consistent record for many of the Cascadia turbidites. We infer that larger turbidites likely represent larger earthquakes. Mass per event and magnitude estimates also correlate modestly with following time intervals for each event, suggesting that Cascadia full or nearly full margin ruptures weakly support a time-predictable model of recurrence. The long paleoseismic record also suggests a pattern of clustered earthquakes that includes four or five cycles of two to five earthquakes during the past 10 k.y., separated by unusually long intervals.
We suggest that the pattern of long time intervals and longer ruptures for the northern and central margins may be a function of high sediment supply on the incoming plate, smoothing asperities, and potential barriers. The smaller southern Cascadia segments correspond to thinner incoming sediment sections and potentially greater interaction between lower-plate and upper-plate heterogeneities.
The Cascadia Basin turbidite record establishes new paleoseismic techniques utilizing marine turbidite-event stratigraphy during sea-level highstands. These techniques can be applied in other specific settings worldwide, where an extensive fault traverses a continental margin that has several active turbidite systems.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Earthquake Hazards of the Pacific Northwest Coastal and Marine Regions","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/pp1661F","usgsCitation":"Goldfinger, C., Nelson, C.H., Morey, A.E., Johnson, J.E., Patton, J.R., Karabanov, E., Gutiérrez-Pastor, J., Eriksson, A.T., Gràcia, E., Dunhill, G., Enkin, R.J., Dallimore, A., and Vallier, T., 2012, Turbidite event history—Methods and implications for Holocene paleoseismicity of the Cascadia subduction zone: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1661–F, 170 p. (Available at https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/pp1661f/).","productDescription":"Report: x, 170 p.; Appendixes","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":379,"text":"Menlo Park Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":370579,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/pp1661f/pp1661f.pdf","size":"25.7 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":370577,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/pp1661f/coverthb3.jpg"},{"id":370581,"rank":3,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/pp1661f/appendixes.zip","size":"12.7 MB","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"}}],"country":"Canada, United States","state":"British Columbia, California, Oregon, Washington","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -130.000000,38.750000 ], [ -130.000000,49.000000 ], [ -122.000000,49.000000 ], [ -122.000000,38.750000 ], [ -130.000000,38.750000 ] ] ] } } ] }","contact":"Active Tectonics and Seafloor Mapping Lab
Oregon State University
College of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences
Burt 130, Corvallis OR 97331
An ecological monitoring program should be viewed as a component of a larger framework designed to advance science and/or management, rather than as a stand-alone activity. Monitoring targets (the ecological variables of interest; e.g. abundance or occurrence of a species) should be set based on the needs of that framework (Nichols and Williams 2006; e.g. Chapters 2–4). Once such monitoring targets are set, the subsequent step in monitoring design involves consideration of the field and analytical methods that will be used to measure monitoring targets with adequate accuracy and precision. Long-term monitoring programs will involve replication of measurements over time, and possibly over space; that is, one location or each of multiple locations will be monitored multiple times, producing a collection of site visits (replicates). Clearly this replication is important for addressing spatial and temporal variability in the ecological resources of interest (Chapters 7–10), but it is worth considering how this replication can further be exploited to increase the effectiveness of monitoring. In particular, defensible monitoring of the majority of animal, and to a lesser degree plant, populations and communities will generally require investigators to account for imperfect detection (Chapters 4, 18). Raw indices of population state variables, such as abundance or occupancy (sensu MacKenzie et al. 2002), are rarely defensible when detection probabilities are < 1, because in those cases detection may vary over time and space in unpredictable ways. Myriad authors have discussed the risks inherent in making inference from monitoring data while failing to correct for differences in detection, resulting in indices that have an unknown relationship to the parameters of interest (e.g. Nichols 1992, Anderson 2001, MacKenzie et al. 2002, Williams et al. 2002, Anderson 2003, White 2005, Kéry and Schmidt 2008). While others have argued that indices may be preferable in some cases due to the challenges associated with estimating detection probabilities (e.g. McKelvey and Pearson 2001, Johnson 2008), we do not attempt to resolve this debate here. Rather, we are more apt to agree with MacKenzie and Kendall (2002) that the burden of proof ought to be on the assertion that detection probabilities are constant. Furthermore, given the wide variety of field methods available for estimating detection probabilities and the inability for an investigator to know, a priori, if detection probabilities will be constant over time and space, we believe that development of monitoring programs ought to include field and analytical methods to account for the imperfect detection of organisms.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Design and analysis of long-term ecological monitoring studies","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Cambridge University Press","doi":"10.1017/CBO9781139022422.025","usgsCitation":"Converse, S.J., and Royle, J., 2012, Dealing with incomplete and variable detectability in multi-year, multi-site monitoring of ecological populations, chap. of Design and analysis of long-term ecological monitoring studies, p. 426-442, https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139022422.025.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"426","endPage":"442","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":311628,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56505241e4b0f162148c5cf5","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Gitzen, Robert A.","contributorId":75498,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gitzen","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":569570,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Millspaugh, Joshua J.","contributorId":11141,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Millspaugh","given":"Joshua J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":569571,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cooper, Andrew B.","contributorId":112048,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cooper","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":569572,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Licht, Daniel S.","contributorId":113213,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Licht","given":"Daniel S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":569573,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4}],"authors":[{"text":"Converse, Sarah J. 0000-0002-3719-5441 sconverse@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3719-5441","contributorId":3513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Converse","given":"Sarah","email":"sconverse@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":569568,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Royle, J. Andrew aroyle@usgs.gov","contributorId":138860,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Royle","given":"J. Andrew","email":"aroyle@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":569569,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70038885,"text":"70038885 - 2012 - Fire reinforces structure of pondcypress (Taxodium distichum var. imbricarium) domes in a wetland landscape","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-08T14:01:02","indexId":"70038885","displayToPublicDate":"2012-06-29T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3750,"text":"Wetlands","onlineIssn":"1943-6246","printIssn":"0277-5212","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fire reinforces structure of pondcypress (Taxodium distichum var. imbricarium) domes in a wetland landscape","docAbstract":"Fire periodically affects wetland forests, particularly in landscapes with extensive fire-prone uplands. Rare occurrence and difficulty of access have limited efforts to understand impacts of wildfires fires in wetlands. Following a 2009 wildfire, we measured tree mortality and structural changes in wetland forest patches. Centers of these circular landscape features experienced lower fire severity, although no continuous patch-size or edge effect was evident. Initial survival of the dominant tree, pondcypress (Taxodium distichum var. imbricarium), was high (>99%), but within one year of the fire approximately 23% of trees died. Delayed mortality was correlated with fire severity, but unrelated to other hypothesized factors such as patch size or edge distance. Tree diameter and soil elevation were important predictors of mortality, with smaller trees and those in areas with lower elevation more likely to die following severe fire. Depressional cypress forests typically exhibit increasing tree size towards their interiors, and differential mortality patterns were related to edge distance. These patterns result in the exaggeration of a dome-shaped profile. Our observations quantify roles of fire and hydrology in determining cypress mortality in these swamps, and imply the existence of feedbacks that maintain the characteristic shape of cypress domes.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Wetland Scientists","doi":"10.1007/s13157-012-0277-9","usgsCitation":"Watts, A., Kobziar, L.N., and Snyder, J.R., 2012, Fire reinforces structure of pondcypress (Taxodium distichum var. imbricarium) domes in a wetland landscape: Wetlands, v. 32, no. 3, p. 439-448, https://doi.org/10.1007/s13157-012-0277-9.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"439","endPage":"448","costCenters":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":258117,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","volume":"32","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-02-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1045e4b0c8380cd53bd3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Watts, Adam C.","contributorId":103919,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watts","given":"Adam C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":465167,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kobziar, Leda N.","contributorId":35171,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kobziar","given":"Leda","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":465166,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Snyder, James R. jim_snyder@usgs.gov","contributorId":2760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snyder","given":"James","email":"jim_snyder@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":465165,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70038846,"text":"sir20115114 - 2012 - Nutrient concentrations and loads in the northeastern United States - Status and trends, 1975-2003","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-10T18:53:32","indexId":"sir20115114","displayToPublicDate":"2012-06-27T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-5114","title":"Nutrient concentrations and loads in the northeastern United States - Status and trends, 1975-2003","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) National Water-Quality Assessment Program (NAWQA) began regional studies in 2003 to synthesize information on nutrient concentrations, trends, stream loads, and sources. In the northeastern United States, a study area that extends from Maine to central Virginia, nutrient data were evaluated for 130 USGS water-quality monitoring stations. Nutrient data were analyzed for trends in flow-adjusted concentrations, modeled instream (non-flow-adjusted) concentrations, and stream loads for 32 stations with 22 to 29 years of water-quality and daily mean streamflow record during 1975-2003 (termed the long-term period), and for 46 stations during 1993-2003 (termed the recent period), by using a coupled statistical model of streamflow and water quality developed by the USGS. Recent trends in flow-adjusted concentrations of one or more nutrients also were analyzed for 90 stations by using Tobit regression. Annual stream nutrient loads were estimated, and annual nutrient yields were calculated, for 47 stations for the long-term and recent periods, and for 37 additional stations that did not have a complete streamflow and water-quality record for 1993-2003. Nutrient yield information was incorporated for 9 drainage basins evaluated in a national NAWQA study, for a total of 93 stations evaluated for nutrient yields. Long-term downward trends in flow-adjusted concentrations of total nitrogen and total phosphorus (18 and 19 of 32 stations, respectively) indicate regional improvements in nutrient-related water-quality conditions. Most of the recent trends detected for total phosphorus were upward (17 of 83 stations), indicating possible reversals to the long-term improvements. Concentrations of nutrients in many streams persist at levels that are likely to affect aquatic habitat adversely and promote freshwater or coastal eutrophication. Recent trends for modeled instream concentrations, and modeled reference concentrations, were evaluated relative to ecoregion-based nutrient criteria proposed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Instream concentrations of total nitrogen and total phosphorus persist at levels higher than proposed criteria at more than one-third and about one-half, respectively, of the 46 stations analyzed. Long-term trends in nutrient loads were primarily downward, with downward trends in total nitrogen and total phosphorus loads detected at 12 and 17 of 32 stations, respectively. Upward trends were rare, with one upward trend for total nitrogen loads and none for total phosphorus. Trends in loads of nitrite-plus-nitrate nitrogen included 7 upward and 8 downward trends among 32 stations. Downward trends in loads of ammonia nitrogen and total Kjeldahl nitrogen were detected at all six stations evaluated. Long-term downward trends detected in four of the five largest drainage basins evaluated include: total nitrogen loads for the Connecticut, Delaware, and James Rivers; total Kjeldahl nitrogen and ammonia nitrogen loads for the Susquehanna River; ammonia nitrogen and nitrite-plus-nitrate nitrogen loads for the James River; and total phosphorus loads for the Connecticut and Delaware Rivers. No trends in load were detected for the Potomac River. Nutrient yields were evaluated relative to the extent of land development in 93 drainage basins. The undeveloped land-use category included forested drainage basins with undeveloped land ranging from 75 to 100 percent of basin area. Median total nitrogen yields for the 27 undeveloped drainage basins evaluated, including 9 basins evaluated in a national NAWQA study, ranged from 290 to 4,800 pounds per square mile per year (lb/mi2/yr). Total nitrogen yields even in the most pristine drainage basins may be elevated relative to natural conditions, because of high rates of atmospheric deposition of nitrogen in parts of the northeastern United States. Median total phosphorus yields ranged from 12 to 330 lb/mi2/yr for the 26 undeveloped basins evaluated. The undeveloped category includes some large drainage basins with point-source discharges and small percentages of developed land; in these basins, streamflow from undeveloped headwater areas dilutes streamflow in more urbanized reaches, and dampens but does not eliminate the point-source \"signal\" of higher nutrient loads. Median total nitrogen yields generally do not exceed 1,700 lb/mi2/yr, and median total phosphorus yields generally do not exceed 100 lb/mi2/yr, in the drainage basins that are least affected by human land-use and waste-disposal practices. Agricultural and urban land use has increased nutrient yields substantially relative to undeveloped drainage basins. Median total nitrogen yields for 24 agricultural basins ranged from 1,700 to 26,000 lb/mi2/yr, and median total phosphorus yields ranged from 94 to 1,000 lb/mi2/yr. The maximum estimated total nitrogen and total phosphorus yields, 32,000 and 16,000 lb/mi2/yr, respectively, for all stations in the region were in small (less than 50 square miles (mi2)) agricultural drainage basins. Median total nitrogen yields ranged from 1,400 to 17,000 lb/mi2/yr in 26 urbanized drainage basins, and median total phosphorus yields ranged from 43 to 1,900 lb/mi2/yr. Urbanized drainage basins with the highest nutrient yields are generally small (less than 300 mi2) and are drained by streams that receive major point-source discharges. Instream nutrient loads were evaluated relative to loads from point-source discharges in four drainage basins: the Quinebaug River Basin in Connecticut, Massachusetts, and Rhode Island; the Raritan River Basin in New Jersey; the Patuxent River Basin in Maryland; and the James River Basin in Virginia. Long-term downward trends in nutrient loads, coupled with similar trends in flow-adjusted nutrient concentrations, indicate long-term reductions in the delivery of most nutrients to these streams. However, the absence of recent downward trends in load for most nutrients, coupled with instream concentrations that exceed proposed nutrient criteria in several of these waste-receiving streams, indicates that challenges remain in reducing delivery of nutrients to streams from point sources. During dry years, the total nutrient load from point sources in some of the drainage basins approached or equaled the nutrient load transported by the stream.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20115114","collaboration":"National Water-Quality Assessment Program","usgsCitation":"Trench, E.C., Moore, R.B., Ahearn, E.A., Mullaney, J.R., Hickman, R.E., and Schwarz, G., 2012, Nutrient concentrations and loads in the northeastern United States - Status and trends, 1975-2003: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5114, xi, 134 p.; Tables: pgs. 135-148; Appendices: pgs. 149-169; Excel Tables 1-10; Excel Tables 11-27; Appendix index page with contents and file downloads, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20115114.","productDescription":"xi, 134 p.; Tables: pgs. 135-148; Appendices: pgs. 149-169; Excel Tables 1-10; Excel Tables 11-27; Appendix index page with contents and file downloads","temporalStart":"1975-01-01","temporalEnd":"2003-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":196,"text":"Connecticut Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":258027,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2011_5114.jpg"},{"id":258009,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5114/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"2000000","projection":"1990 Albers Equal-Area Projection","datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","state":"Connecticut;Delaware;Maine;Maryl;Massachusetts;New Hampshire;New Jersey;New York;Pennsylvania;Rhode Island;Vermont;Virginia;Washington D.C.;West Virginia","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -82,36 ], [ -82,48 ], [ -66,48 ], [ -66,36 ], [ -82,36 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a697be4b0c8380cd73d48","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Trench, Elaine C. Todd etrench@usgs.gov","contributorId":4557,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trench","given":"Elaine","email":"etrench@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C. Todd","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":465075,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Moore, Richard B. rmoore@usgs.gov","contributorId":1464,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"Richard","email":"rmoore@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":405,"text":"NH/VT office of New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":465071,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ahearn, Elizabeth A. 0000-0002-5633-2640 eaahearn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5633-2640","contributorId":194658,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ahearn","given":"Elizabeth","email":"eaahearn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":377,"text":"Massachusetts-Rhode Island Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":196,"text":"Connecticut Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":465072,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mullaney, John R. 0000-0003-4936-5046 jmullane@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4936-5046","contributorId":1957,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mullaney","given":"John","email":"jmullane@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":196,"text":"Connecticut Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":465073,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hickman, R. Edward 0000-0001-5160-3723 whickman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5160-3723","contributorId":3153,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hickman","given":"R.","email":"whickman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Edward","affiliations":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":465074,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Schwarz, Gregory E. 0000-0002-9239-4566 gschwarz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9239-4566","contributorId":543,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwarz","given":"Gregory E.","email":"gschwarz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":5067,"text":"Northeast Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":465070,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70003555,"text":"70003555 - 2012 - Field evaluation of distance-estimation error during wetland-dependent bird surveys","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-10T13:54:51","indexId":"70003555","displayToPublicDate":"2012-06-27T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3777,"text":"Wildlife Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Field evaluation of distance-estimation error during wetland-dependent bird surveys","docAbstract":"Context: The most common methods to estimate detection probability during avian point-count surveys involve recording a distance between the survey point and individual birds detected during the survey period. Accurately measuring or estimating distance is an important assumption of these methods; however, this assumption is rarely tested in the context of aural avian point-count surveys. Aims: We expand on recent bird-simulation studies to document the error associated with estimating distance to calling birds in a wetland ecosystem. Methods: We used two approaches to estimate the error associated with five surveyor's distance estimates between the survey point and calling birds, and to determine the factors that affect a surveyor's ability to estimate distance. Key results: We observed biased and imprecise distance estimates when estimating distance to simulated birds in a point-count scenario (x̄error = -9 m, s.d.error = 47 m) and when estimating distances to real birds during field trials (x̄error = 39 m, s.d.error = 79 m). The amount of bias and precision in distance estimates differed among surveyors; surveyors with more training and experience were less biased and more precise when estimating distance to both real and simulated birds. Three environmental factors were important in explaining the error associated with distance estimates, including the measured distance from the bird to the surveyor, the volume of the call and the species of bird. Surveyors tended to make large overestimations to birds close to the survey point, which is an especially serious error in distance sampling. Conclusions: Our results suggest that distance-estimation error is prevalent, but surveyor training may be the easiest way to reduce distance-estimation error. Implications: The present study has demonstrated how relatively simple field trials can be used to estimate the error associated with distance estimates used to estimate detection probability during avian point-count surveys. Evaluating distance-estimation errors will allow investigators to better evaluate the accuracy of avian density and trend estimates. Moreover, investigators who evaluate distance-estimation errors could employ recently developed models to incorporate distance-estimation error into analyses. We encourage further development of such models, including the inclusion of such models into distance-analysis software.
","publisher":"CSIRO Publishing","publisherLocation":"Collingwood, Victoria, Australia","doi":"10.1071/WR11161","usgsCitation":"Nadeau, C.P., and Conway, C.J., 2012, Field evaluation of distance-estimation error during wetland-dependent bird surveys: Wildlife Research, v. 39, no. 4, p. 311-320, https://doi.org/10.1071/WR11161.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"311","endPage":"320","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-025947","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":257970,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"39","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0fb4e4b0c8380cd539b1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nadeau, Christopher P.","contributorId":105956,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nadeau","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347716,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Conway, Courtney J. 0000-0003-0492-2953 cconway@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0492-2953","contributorId":2951,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conway","given":"Courtney","email":"cconway@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":347715,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70003674,"text":"70003674 - 2012 - Explaining differences between bioaccumulation measurements in laboratory and field data through use of a probabilistic modeling approach","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-11T12:00:43","indexId":"70003674","displayToPublicDate":"2012-06-23T19:24:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2006,"text":"Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Explaining differences between bioaccumulation measurements in laboratory and field data through use of a probabilistic modeling approach","docAbstract":"In the regulatory context, bioaccumulation assessment is often hampered by substantial data uncertainty as well as by the poorly understood differences often observed between results from laboratory and field bioaccumulation studies. Bioaccumulation is a complex, multifaceted process, which calls for accurate error analysis. Yet, attempts to quantify and compare propagation of error in bioaccumulation metrics across species and chemicals are rare. Here, we quantitatively assessed the combined influence of physicochemical, physiological, ecological, and environmental parameters known to affect bioaccumulation for 4 species and 2 chemicals, to assess whether uncertainty in these factors can explain the observed differences among laboratory and field studies. The organisms evaluated in simulations including mayfly larvae, deposit-feeding polychaetes, yellow perch, and little owl represented a range of ecological conditions and biotransformation capacity. The chemicals, pyrene and the polychlorinated biphenyl congener PCB-153, represented medium and highly hydrophobic chemicals with different susceptibilities to biotransformation. An existing state of the art probabilistic bioaccumulation model was improved by accounting for bioavailability and absorption efficiency limitations, due to the presence of black carbon in sediment, and was used for probabilistic modeling of variability and propagation of error. Results showed that at lower trophic levels (mayfly and polychaete), variability in bioaccumulation was mainly driven by sediment exposure, sediment composition and chemical partitioning to sediment components, which was in turn dominated by the influence of black carbon. At higher trophic levels (yellow perch and the little owl), food web structure (i.e., diet composition and abundance) and chemical concentration in the diet became more important particularly for the most persistent compound, PCB-153. These results suggest that variation in bioaccumulation assessment is reduced most by improved identification of food sources as well as by accounting for the chemical bioavailability in food components. Improvements in the accuracy of aqueous exposure appear to be less relevant when applied to moderate to highly hydrophobic compounds, because this route contributes only marginally to total uptake. The determination of chemical bioavailability and the increase in understanding and qualifying the role of sediment components (black carbon, labile organic matter, and the like) on chemical absorption efficiencies has been identified as a key next steps.","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","doi":"10.1002/ieam.217","usgsCitation":"Selck, H., Drouillard, K., Eisenreich, K., Koelmans, A.A., Palmqvist, A., Ruus, A., Salvito, D., Schultz, I., Stewart, A.R., Weisbrod, A., van den Brink, N.W., and van den Heuvel-Greve, M., 2012, Explaining differences between bioaccumulation measurements in laboratory and field data through use of a probabilistic modeling approach: Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management, v. 8, no. 1, p. 42-63, https://doi.org/10.1002/ieam.217.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"42","endPage":"63","costCenters":[{"id":148,"text":"Branch of Regional Research-Western Region","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":499906,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://research.wur.nl/en/publications/explaining-differences-between-bioaccumulation-measurements-in-la","text":"External Repository"},{"id":257848,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"8","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0e03e4b0c8380cd53280","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Selck, Henriette","contributorId":28475,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Selck","given":"Henriette","affiliations":[{"id":13410,"text":"Department of Environmental, Social and Spatial Change, Roskilde University, PO Box 260, Universitetsvej 1, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":348278,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Drouillard, Ken","contributorId":38001,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drouillard","given":"Ken","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348280,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Eisenreich, Karen","contributorId":18221,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eisenreich","given":"Karen","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348277,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Koelmans, Albert A.","contributorId":51594,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koelmans","given":"Albert","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348282,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Palmqvist, Annemette","contributorId":53224,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Palmqvist","given":"Annemette","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348283,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ruus, Anders","contributorId":36413,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruus","given":"Anders","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348279,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Salvito, Daniel","contributorId":14687,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Salvito","given":"Daniel","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348276,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Schultz, Irv","contributorId":81745,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schultz","given":"Irv","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348285,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Stewart, A. Robin 0000-0003-2918-546X arstewar@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2918-546X","contributorId":1482,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stewart","given":"A.","email":"arstewar@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Robin","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40553,"text":"WMA - Office of the Chief Operating Officer","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36183,"text":"Hydro-Ecological Interactions Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":348275,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Weisbrod, Annie","contributorId":107976,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weisbrod","given":"Annie","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348286,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"van den Brink, Nico W.","contributorId":39229,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"van den Brink","given":"Nico","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348281,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"van den Heuvel-Greve, Martine","contributorId":80136,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"van den Heuvel-Greve","given":"Martine","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348284,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}} ,{"id":70004468,"text":"70004468 - 2012 - Effects of trophic level and metamorphosis on discrimination of hydrogen isotopes in a plant-herbivore system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-06-22T01:01:41","indexId":"70004468","displayToPublicDate":"2012-06-21T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2980,"text":"PLoS ONE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of trophic level and metamorphosis on discrimination of hydrogen isotopes in a plant-herbivore system","docAbstract":"The use of stable isotopes in ecological studies requires that we know the magnitude of discrimination factors between consumer and element sources. The causes of variation in discrimination factors for carbon and nitrogen have been relatively well studied. In contrast, the discrimination factors for hydrogen have rarely been measured. We grew cabbage looper caterpillars (Trichoplusia ni) on cabbage (Brassica oleracea) plants irrigated with four treatments of deuterium-enriched water (δD = -131, -88, -48, and -2‰, respectively), allowing some of them to reach adulthood as moths. Tissue δD values of plants, caterpillars, and moths were linearly correlated with the isotopic composition of irrigation water. However, the slope of these relationships was less than 1, and hence, discrimination factors depended on the δD value of irrigation water. We hypothesize that this dependence is an artifact of growing plants in an environment with a common atmospheric δD value. Both caterpillars and moths were significantly enriched in deuterium relative to plants by ~45‰ and 23‰ respectively, but the moths had lower tissue to plant discrimination factors than did the caterpillars. If the trophic enrichment documented here is universal, δD values must be accounted for in geographic assignment studies. The isotopic value of carbon was transferred more or less faithfully across trophic levels, but δ15N values increased from plants to insects and we observed significant non-trophic 15N enrichment in the metamorphosis from larvae to adult.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"PLoS ONE","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Public Library of Science","publisherLocation":"San Francisco, CA","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0032744","usgsCitation":"Peters, J.M., Wolf, N., Stricker, C.A., Collier, T.R., and Martinez del Rio, C., 2012, Effects of trophic level and metamorphosis on discrimination of hydrogen isotopes in a plant-herbivore system: PLoS ONE, v. 7, no. 3, 7 p.; e32744, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0032744.","productDescription":"7 p.; e32744","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474447,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0032744","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":257783,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":257780,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0032744","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"volume":"7","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-03-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0815e4b0c8380cd5197d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Peters, Jacob M.","contributorId":73890,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peters","given":"Jacob","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350469,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wolf, Nathan","contributorId":51613,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolf","given":"Nathan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350468,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stricker, Craig A. 0000-0002-5031-9437 cstricker@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5031-9437","contributorId":1097,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stricker","given":"Craig","email":"cstricker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":350465,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Collier, Timothy R.","contributorId":47257,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collier","given":"Timothy","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350467,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Martinez del Rio, Carlos","contributorId":29705,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martinez del Rio","given":"Carlos","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350466,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70038794,"text":"70038794 - 2012 - Effects of capture by trammel net on Colorado River native fishes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-06-21T01:01:41","indexId":"70038794","displayToPublicDate":"2012-06-20T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2287,"text":"Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of capture by trammel net on Colorado River native fishes","docAbstract":"Trammel nets are commonly used to sample rare fishes; however, little research has assessed delayed mortality associated with this capture technique. We conducted laboratory experiments to evaluate the effects of capture by trammel net on bonytail Gila elegans, razorback sucker Xyrauchen texanus, and roundtail chub Gila robusta, at 15, 20, and 25uC. Fish (139–288 mm total length) were entangled in a trammel net for 2 h or captured by seine net and then monitored for mortality for at least 14 d. Blood samples were collected immediately after capture, and plasma cortisol levels were quantified as an index of capture-related stress. The cortisol response varied by species, but mean cortisol levels were higher for fish captured by trammel netting (295.9 ng/mL) relative to fish captured by seine netting (215.8 ng/mL). Only one fish (of 550) died during capture and handling, but 42% of the trammel-netted fish and 11% of the seine-netted fish died within 14 d after capture. In general, mortality after capture by trammel net increased with increased water temperature and at 25uC was 88% for bonytail, 94% for razorback sucker, and 25% for roundtail chub. Delayed mortality of wild-caught fish captured by trammel net has the potential to be high, at least under some circumstances. We suggest that sampling frequency, timing of sampling (relative to reproductive cycles), and water temperature all be considered carefully when using trammel nets to sample diminished populations of imperiled native fishes.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","publisherLocation":"Arlington, VA","doi":"10.3996/122011-JFWM-070","usgsCitation":"Hunt, T.A., Ward, D.L., Propper, C.R., and Gibb, A., 2012, Effects of capture by trammel net on Colorado River native fishes: Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management, v. 3, no. 1, p. 133-141, https://doi.org/10.3996/122011-JFWM-070.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"133","endPage":"141","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474451,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3996/122011-jfwm-070","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":257779,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":257767,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3996/122011-JFWM-070","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Colorado River","volume":"3","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a06a3e4b0c8380cd51349","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hunt, Teresa A.","contributorId":71069,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunt","given":"Teresa","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464949,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ward, David L. 0000-0002-3355-0637 dlward@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3355-0637","contributorId":3879,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ward","given":"David","email":"dlward@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":464947,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Propper, Catherine R.","contributorId":73079,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Propper","given":"Catherine","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464950,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gibb, Alice C.","contributorId":59312,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gibb","given":"Alice C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464948,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70003375,"text":"70003375 - 2012 - Exploring changes in the spatial distribution of stream baseflow generation during a seasonal recession","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-06-21T01:01:41","indexId":"70003375","displayToPublicDate":"2012-06-20T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Exploring changes in the spatial distribution of stream baseflow generation during a seasonal recession","docAbstract":"Relating watershed structure to streamflow generation is a primary focus of hydrology. However, comparisons of longitudinal variability in stream discharge with adjacent valley structure have been rare, resulting in poor understanding of the distribution of the hydrologic mechanisms that cause variability in streamflow generation along valleys. This study explores detailed surveys of stream base flow across a gauged, 23 km2 mountain watershed. Research objectives were (1) to relate spatial variability in base flow to fundamental elements of watershed structure, primarily topographic contributing area, and (2) to assess temporal changes in the spatial patterns of those relationships during a seasonal base flow recession. We analyzed spatiotemporal variability in base flow using (1) summer hydrographs at the study watershed outlet and 5 subwatershed outlets and (2) longitudinal series of discharge measurements every ~100 m along the streams of the 3 largest subwatersheds (1200 to 2600 m in valley length), repeated 2 to 3 times during base flow recession. Reaches within valley segments of 300 to 1200 m in length tended to demonstrate similar streamflow generation characteristics. Locations of transitions between these segments were consistent throughout the recession, and tended to be collocated with abrupt longitudinal transitions in valley slope or hillslope-riparian characteristics. Both within and among subwatersheds, correlation between the spatial distributions of streamflow and topographic contributing area decreased during the recession, suggesting a general decrease in the influence of topography on stream base flow contributions. As topographic controls on base flow evidently decreased, multiple aspects of subsurface structure were likely to have gained influence.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Water Resources Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1029/2011WR011552","usgsCitation":"Payn, R., Gooseff, M., McGlynn, B., Bencala, K., and Wondzell, S., 2012, Exploring changes in the spatial distribution of stream baseflow generation during a seasonal recession: Water Resources Research, v. 48, 15 p.; W04519, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011WR011552.","productDescription":"15 p.; W04519","costCenters":[{"id":148,"text":"Branch of Regional Research-Western Region","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474448,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2011wr011552","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":257772,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":257768,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2011WR011552","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"volume":"48","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-04-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0e22e4b0c8380cd532f2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Payn, R.A.","contributorId":18208,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Payn","given":"R.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347048,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gooseff, M.N.","contributorId":21668,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gooseff","given":"M.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347050,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McGlynn, B.L.","contributorId":106664,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGlynn","given":"B.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347052,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bencala, K.E.","contributorId":105312,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bencala","given":"K.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347051,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wondzell, S.M.","contributorId":18599,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wondzell","given":"S.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347049,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70038494,"text":"70038494 - 2012 - Distribution and geochemistry of selected trace elements in the Sacramento River near Keswick Reservoir","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-13T10:22:14","indexId":"70038494","displayToPublicDate":"2012-06-06T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1213,"text":"Chemical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Distribution and geochemistry of selected trace elements in the Sacramento River near Keswick Reservoir","docAbstract":"The effect of heavy metals from the Iron Mountain Mines (IMM) Superfund site on the upper Sacramento River is examined using data from water and bed sediment samples collected during 1996-97. Relative to surrounding waters, aluminum, cadmium, cobalt, copper, iron, lead, manganese, thallium, zinc and the rare-earth elements (REE) were all present in high concentrations in effluent from Spring Creek Reservoir (SCR), which enters into the Sacramento River in the Spring Creek Arm of Keswick Reservoir. SCR was constructed in part to regulate the flow of acidic, metal-rich waters draining the IMM Superfund site. Although virtually all of these metals exist in SCR in the dissolved form, upon entering Keswick Reservoir they at least partially converted via precipitation and/or adsorption to the particulate phase. In spite of this, few of the metals settled out; instead the vast majority was transported colloidally down the Sacramento River at least to Bend Bridge, 67 km from Keswick Dam. The geochemical influence of IMM on the upper Sacramento River was variable, chiefly dependent on the flow of Spring Creek. Although the average flow of the Sacramento River at Keswick Dam is 250 m3/s (cubic meters per second), even flows as low as 0.3 m3/s from Spring Creek were sufficient to account for more than 15% of the metals loading at Bend Bridge, and these proportions increased with increasing Spring Creek flow. The dissolved proportion of the total bioavailable load was dependent on the element but steadily decreased for all metals, from near 100% in Spring Creek to values (for some elements) of less than 1% at Bend Bridge; failure to account for the suspended sediment load in assessments of the effect of metals transport in the Sacramento River can result in estimates which are low by as much as a factor of 100.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/j.chemgeo.2011.12.025","usgsCitation":"Antweiler, R.C., Taylor, H.E., and Alpers, C.N., 2012, Distribution and geochemistry of selected trace elements in the Sacramento River near Keswick Reservoir: Chemical Geology, v. 298-9, p. 70-78, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2011.12.025.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"70","endPage":"78","costCenters":[{"id":145,"text":"Branch of Regional Research-Central Region","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":257291,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":257269,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2011.12.025","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Sacramento River, Keswick Reservoir","volume":"298-9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a028ee4b0c8380cd500d1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Antweiler, Ronald C. 0000-0001-5652-6034 antweil@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5652-6034","contributorId":1481,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Antweiler","given":"Ronald","email":"antweil@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":464407,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Taylor, Howard E. hetaylor@usgs.gov","contributorId":1551,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"Howard","email":"hetaylor@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":464408,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Alpers, Charles N. 0000-0001-6945-7365 cnalpers@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6945-7365","contributorId":411,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alpers","given":"Charles","email":"cnalpers@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":464406,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70038484,"text":"70038484 - 2012 - Population size of snowy plovers breeding in North America","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-21T15:56:35","indexId":"70038484","displayToPublicDate":"2012-06-06T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3731,"text":"Waterbirds","onlineIssn":"19385390","printIssn":"15244695","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Population size of snowy plovers breeding in North America","docAbstract":"Snowy Plovers (Charadrius nivosus) may be one of the rarest shorebirds in North America yet a comprehensive assessment of their abundance and distribution has not been completed. During 2007 and 2008, 557 discrete wetlands were surveyed and nine additional large wetland complexes sampled in México and the USA. From these surveys, a population of 23,555 (95% CI = 17,299 – 29,859) breeding Snowy Plovers was estimated. Combining the estimate with information from areas not surveyed, the total North American population was assessed at 25,869 (95% CI = 18,917 – 32,173). Approximately 42% of all breeding Snowy Plovers in North America resided at two sites (Great Salt Lake, Utah, and Salt Plains National Wildlife Refuge, Oklahoma), and 33% of all these were on wetlands in the Great Basin (including Great Salt Lake). Also, coastal habitats in central and southern Texas supported large numbers of breeding plovers. New breeding sites were discovered in interior deserts and highlands and along the Pacific coast of México; approximately 9% of the North American breeding population occurred in México. Because of uncertainties about effects of climate change and current stresses to breeding habitats, the species should be a management and conservation priority. Periodic monitoring should be undertaken at important sites to ensure high quality habitat is available to support the Snowy Plover population.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Waterbirds","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"The Waterbird Society","publisherLocation":"http://www.waterbirds.org/","doi":"10.1675/063.035.0101","usgsCitation":"Thomas, S.M., Lyons, J., Andres, B.A., T-Smith, E.E., Palacios, E., Cavitt, J.F., Royle, J., Fellows, S.D., Maty, K., Howe, W.H., Mellink, E., Melvin, S., and Zimmerman, T., 2012, Population size of snowy plovers breeding in North America: Waterbirds, v. 35, no. 1, p. 1-14, https://doi.org/10.1675/063.035.0101.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"14","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474476,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1675/063.035.0101","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":257310,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":257275,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1675/063.035.0101","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"otherGeospatial":"North America","volume":"35","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7d90e4b0c8380cd7a010","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thomas, Susan M.","contributorId":15452,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"Susan","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464358,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lyons, James E.","contributorId":35461,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lyons","given":"James E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464362,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Andres, Brad A.","contributorId":68811,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andres","given":"Brad","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464365,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"T-Smith, Elise Elliot","contributorId":53641,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"T-Smith","given":"Elise","email":"","middleInitial":"Elliot","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464363,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Palacios, Eduardo","contributorId":85025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Palacios","given":"Eduardo","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Cavitt, John F.","contributorId":28112,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cavitt","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464361,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Royle, J. 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