The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), the science agency for the Department of Interior (DOI), has the critical role of providing objective science to document and understand ecosystem change in the Chesapeake Bay and its watershed. The human population in the Bay watershed, which grew from 8.1 million in 1950 to almost 16 million in 2000, has resulted in degraded water quality, loss of habitat, and declines in fish and bird populations. USGS scientists are leaders in understanding cause and effect of human activities and natural changes on water quality and the health of the ecosystem. The USGS interacts with resource managers and policy makers to use the science to adapt approaches for implementation, and assess effectiveness of, management actions for ecosystem conservation, restoration, and sustainability.
\nSince the mid-1980s, the USGS has been an active partner in the Chesapeake Bay Program (CBP), a multi-agency partnership led by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, working to achieve the restoration goals set forth in the Chesapeake 2000 agreement. This agreement established over 100 restoration commitments to be addressed by 2010. In 2005, which was the mid-point of the agreement, there was growing concern at all levels of government and by the public that ecological conditions in the Bay and its watershed had not significantly improved. The slow rate of improvement, coupled with the projected impact of human-population increase in the Bay watershed (fig. 1), implied that many desired ecological conditions will not be achieved by 2010. To address these challenges, the USGS wrote a new science plan for 2006-2011, and is synthesizing key findings to highlight the accomplishments from science activities for 2000-2005.
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Synthesis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:10","indexId":"fs20063076","displayToPublicDate":"2006-06-26T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-3076","title":"Freshwater and Nutrient Fluxes to Coastal Waters of Everglades National Park - A Synthesis","docAbstract":"Freshwater in the Everglades and the Big Cypress Swamp drains south and southwest into coastal regions where it mixes with seawater to create the salinity gradients characteristic of productive estuarine and marine systems. Studies in Florida Bay have shown that over the last 100-200 years, salinity and seagrass distributions have fluctuated substantially in response to natural climatic cycles. The timing of this change coincides at least in part with the canal construction and landscape alterations in the Everglades that have altered the quantity, timing, distribution, and quality of surface water that flows south into the coastal waters. Federal and State agencies have undertaken a massive Everglades restoration project that will require changes in water management throughout the Everglades, and this will affect water flows to the coastal region. A major concern involves how changes in water flow could affect salinity and nutrient availability in coastal waters.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/fs20063076","usgsCitation":"McPherson, B.F., and Torres, A.E., 2006, Freshwater and Nutrient Fluxes to Coastal Waters of Everglades National Park - A Synthesis: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2006-3076, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20063076.","productDescription":"4 p.","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[{"id":283,"text":"Florida Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":120971,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2006_3076.jpg"},{"id":8034,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2006/3076/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ae4b07f02db6a8472","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McPherson, Benjamin F.","contributorId":17965,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McPherson","given":"Benjamin","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":288037,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Torres, Arturo E. aetorres@usgs.gov","contributorId":1397,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Torres","given":"Arturo","email":"aetorres@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":288036,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":76863,"text":"fs20063087 - 2006 - The Everglades Depth Estimation Network (EDEN) for Support of Ecological and Biological Assessments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-10-19T10:47:12.254856","indexId":"fs20063087","displayToPublicDate":"2006-06-26T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-3087","title":"The Everglades Depth Estimation Network (EDEN) for Support of Ecological and Biological Assessments","docAbstract":"The Everglades Depth Estimation Network (EDEN) is an integrated network of real-time water-level monitoring, ground-elevation modeling, and water-surface modeling that provides scientists and managers with current (1999-present), online water-depth information for the entire freshwater portion of the Greater Everglades. Presented on a 400-square-meter grid spacing, EDEN offers a consistent and documented dataset that can be used by scientists and managers to (1) guide large-scale field operations, (2) integrate hydrologic and ecological responses, and (3) support biological and ecological assessments that measure ecosystem responses to the implementation of the Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/fs20063087","collaboration":"Prepared as part of the Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan and the Greater Everglades Priority Ecosystems Science","usgsCitation":"Telis, P.A., 2006, The Everglades Depth Estimation Network (EDEN) for Support of Ecological and Biological Assessments: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2006-3087, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20063087.","productDescription":"4 p.","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[{"id":27821,"text":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125132,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2006_3087.jpg"},{"id":8033,"rank":100,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2006/3087/pdf/fs2006-3087.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.74 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"FS 2006-3087"},{"id":388841,"rank":3,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2006/3087/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -81.25,25 ], [ -81.25,27 ], [ -80.25,27 ], [ -80.25,25 ], [ -81.25,25 ] ] ] } } ] }","contact":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center
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The Ecological Genetics Program at the USGS National Wetlands Research Center (NWRC) employs state-of-the-art DNA fingerprinting technologies in characterizing critical management aspects of the population biology of species of concern (fig. 1). The overarching themes of this program have been (1) the critical role that genetic diversity plays in maintaining population viability and (2) how management strategies might incorporate genetic information in preventing the decline of desirable species or in controlling the spread of invasive species.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20063057","usgsCitation":"Travis, S., 2006, Ecological genetics at the USGS National Wetlands Research Center: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2006-3057, 3 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20063057.","productDescription":"3 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":121335,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2006_3057.jpg"},{"id":7918,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://archive.usgs.gov/archive/sites/www.nwrc.usgs.gov/factshts/2006-3057/2006-3057.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ee4b07f02db627cde","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Travis, Steven","contributorId":12127,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Travis","given":"Steven","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":287870,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":76774,"text":"fs20063059 - 2006 - Narrow-headed garter snake (Thamnophis rufipunctatus)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:12","indexId":"fs20063059","displayToPublicDate":"2006-06-06T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-3059","title":"Narrow-headed garter snake (Thamnophis rufipunctatus)","docAbstract":"The narrow-headed garter snake is a harmless, nonvenomous snake that is distinguished by its elongated, triangular-shaped head and the red or dark spots on its olive to tan body. Today, the narrow-headed garter snake is a species of special concern in the United States because of its decline over much of its historic range. Arizona's Oak Creek has historically contained the largest population of narrow-headed garter snakes in the United States. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and the Arizona Game and Fish Department jointly funded research by USGS scientists in Oak Creek to shed light on the factors causing declining population numbers. The research resulted in better understanding of the snake's habitat needs, winter and summer range, and dietary habits. Based on the research findings, the U.S. Forest Service has developed recommendations that visitors and local residents can adopt to help slow the decline of the narrow-headed garter snake in Oak Creek.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/fs20063059","usgsCitation":"Nowak, E., 2006, Narrow-headed garter snake (Thamnophis rufipunctatus): U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2006-3059, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20063059.","productDescription":"2 p.","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":124800,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2006_3059.jpg"},{"id":7917,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://sbsc.wr.usgs.gov/products/pdfs/fs-2006-3059.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b02e4b07f02db69899f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nowak, Erika M.","contributorId":14062,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nowak","given":"Erika M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":287869,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":76773,"text":"fs20063060 - 2006 - Arizona black rattlesnake (Crotalus viridis cerberus)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:09","indexId":"fs20063060","displayToPublicDate":"2006-06-06T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-3060","title":"Arizona black rattlesnake (Crotalus viridis cerberus)","docAbstract":"The Arizona black rattlesnake makes its home at higher elevations in Arizona and far western New Mexico. The snake's use of high-altitude habitat and its black coloration as an adult distinguishes it from other subspecies of the western rattlesnake (Crotalus viridis), which prefer lower elevations and range from tan to reddish in color as adults. These physical and habitat differences are also reflected in genetic differences that suggest that the Arizona black rattlesnake may be a new species of rattlesnake. Despite the species's limited range, basic biological information needed to make management decisions is lacking for most Arizona black rattlesnake populations. To address this need, U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) scientists conducted research on the species in Arizona national park units from 2003 to 2005. The research examined relative population abundance,\r\nmovement patterns, range requirements, dietary habits, and winter and summer habitat. Research in Arizona national parks was made possible through the support of the Western National Parks Association, Tonto National Monument, and the USGS Science Internships for Workforce Diversity Program. Importantly, the park-based research was used to augment a long-term mark-recapture study of the species that has been conducted by USGS biologists at sites near Flagstaff, Arizona, since 1999. USGS researchers were the first to conduct extensive studies of this species in the wild.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/fs20063060","usgsCitation":"Nowak, E., 2006, Arizona black rattlesnake (Crotalus viridis cerberus): U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2006-3060, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20063060.","productDescription":"2 p.","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125052,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2006_3060.jpg"},{"id":7916,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://sbsc.wr.usgs.gov/products/pdfs/fs-2006-3060.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abce4b07f02db672eca","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nowak, Erika M.","contributorId":14062,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nowak","given":"Erika M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":287868,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":76771,"text":"fs20063062 - 2006 - Reducing rattlesnake-human conflicts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:19","indexId":"fs20063062","displayToPublicDate":"2006-06-06T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-3062","title":"Reducing rattlesnake-human conflicts","docAbstract":"Arizona is home to 11 species of rattlesnakes. As rapidly growing Arizona communities move into formerly undeveloped landscapes, encounters between people and rattlesnakes increase. As a result, the management of nuisance snakes, or snakes found in areas where people do not want them, is increasingly important. Since 1994, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) has conducted research on the behavior and ecology of nuisance rattlesnake in Arizona national park units. A decade of research provides important insights into rattlesnake behavior that can be used by national parks and communities to reduce rattlesnake-human conflicts.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/fs20063062","usgsCitation":"Nowak, E., 2006, Reducing rattlesnake-human conflicts: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2006-3062, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20063062.","productDescription":"2 p.","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":120735,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2006_3062.jpg"},{"id":7914,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://sbsc.wr.usgs.gov/products/pdfs/fs-2006-3062.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a60e4b07f02db635247","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nowak, Erika M.","contributorId":14062,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nowak","given":"Erika M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":287866,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":76769,"text":"fs20063085 - 2006 - Flooding and streamflow in Utah during water year 2005","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-03T09:48:56","indexId":"fs20063085","displayToPublicDate":"2006-06-06T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-3085","title":"Flooding and streamflow in Utah during water year 2005","docAbstract":"The 2004 and 2005 water years illustrate why water managers in Utah generally describe the water supply as 'feast or famine.' In September 2004, Utah was finishing its sixth year of drought. Most reservoirs were substantially drained and the soil was parched. In contrast, in September 2005 Utah was finishing a water year that set new records for peak discharge and total annual streamflow.
The 2004 water year ended on September 30, 2004. The 2005 water year brought with it a significant change in the weather, beginning with intense rainfall in the Virgin River basin of southwestern Utah. Only minor flooding resulted from this storm; however, it provided soil moisture that would contribute to severe flooding during January 2005.
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Feedback loops between plant growth and hydroedaphic conditions also contribute to maintenance of marsh elevations through accumulation of organic matter. Although increasing CO2 concentration may contribute to global warming and climate changes, it may also have a direct impact on plant growth and development by stimulating photosynthesis or improving water use efficiency. Scientists with the U.S. Geological Survey are examining responses of wetland plants to elevated CO2 concentration and other factors. This research will lead to a better understanding of future changes in marsh species composition, successional rates and patterns, ecological functioning, and vulnerability to sea-level rise and other global change factors.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20063074","usgsCitation":"McKee, K., 2006, Potential effects of elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) on coastal wetlands: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2006-3074, 3 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20063074.","productDescription":"3 p.","numberOfPages":"3","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":124888,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2006_3074.jpg"},{"id":7913,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://archive.usgs.gov/archive/sites/www.nwrc.usgs.gov/factshts/2006-3074/2006-3074.htm#figure1","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad5e4b07f02db683961","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McKee, Karen 0000-0001-7042-670X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7042-670X","contributorId":89592,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKee","given":"Karen","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":287865,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":76752,"text":"fs20063072 - 2006 - Copper-silver deposits of the Revett Formation, Montana and Idaho: Origin and resource potential","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-15T20:10:33.908688","indexId":"fs20063072","displayToPublicDate":"2006-05-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-3072","title":"Copper-silver deposits of the Revett Formation, Montana and Idaho: Origin and resource potential","docAbstract":"The Revett Formation of northern Idaho and western Montana contains major stratabound copper-silver deposits near Troy, Rock Creek, and Rock Lake, Montana. To help the U.S. Forest Service (USFS) meet its goal of integrating geoscience information into the land-planning process, U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) scientists recently completed a compilation of regional stratigraphy and mineralogy of the Revett Formation and a mineral resource assessment of Revett-type copper-silver deposits. The USGS assessment indicates that a large area of USFS-administered land in northwestern Montana and northern Idaho may contain significant undiscovered Revett-type copper-silver deposits.
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These diatom-rich sediments are among the Nation's largest commercial diatomite deposits. Each deposit contains billions of tiny diatom skeletons, which are widely used for filtration, absorption, and abrasives. New studies by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) are revealing how ancient lakes in the Western States produced such large numbers of diatoms. These findings can be used by both land-use managers and mining companies to better evaluate diatomite resources in the region.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/fs20063044","usgsCitation":"Wallace, A.R., Frank, D.G., and Founie, A., 2006, Freshwater diatomite deposits in the western United States (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2006-3044, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20063044.","productDescription":"2 p.","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[{"id":658,"text":"Western Mineral Resources","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":120722,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2006_3044.jpg"},{"id":7833,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2006/3044/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ae4b07f02db6a8596","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wallace, Alan R.","contributorId":6024,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wallace","given":"Alan","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":287780,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Frank, David G. dfrank@usgs.gov","contributorId":3274,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frank","given":"David","email":"dfrank@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":287779,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Founie, Alan","contributorId":27575,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Founie","given":"Alan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":287781,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":76733,"text":"fs20063049 - 2006 - Undiscovered oil and gas resources underlying the U.S. portions of the Great Lakes, 2005","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:13","indexId":"fs20063049","displayToPublicDate":"2006-05-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-3049","title":"Undiscovered oil and gas resources underlying the U.S. portions of the Great Lakes, 2005","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) completed an assessment of the undiscovered oil and gas potential of the U.S. portions of the Appalachian Basin and the Michigan Basin in 2002 and 2004, respectively. Following the assessments of these two basins, oil and gas allocations were assigned to the U.S. portions of the Great Lakes - Lake Superior (Michigan, Minnesota, and Wisconsin), Lake Michigan (Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, and Wisconsin), Lake Huron (Michigan), Lake Erie (Michigan, New York, Ohio, and Pennsylvania), and Lake Ontario (New York). Allocations for Lake St. Clair (Michigan) were included with those of Lake Erie.\r\n\r\nThe allocations are based on the geologic elements of each total petroleum system defined in the region and the projected extent of those elements from onshore beneath each of the lakes. These geologic elements include the hydrocarbon source rocks, reservoir rocks, and traps. By using this geologic framework, the USGS defined 8 total petroleum systems and 21 assessment units within the Great Lakes and estimated the quantity of undiscovered technically recoverable oil and gas resources within 16 of the 21 assessment units in the Great Lakes.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"National Assessment of Oil and Gas Fact Sheets","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/fs20063049","usgsCitation":"Coleman, J.L., Swezey, C., Ryder, R., and Charpentier, R., 2006, Undiscovered oil and gas resources underlying the U.S. portions of the Great Lakes, 2005: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2006-3049, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20063049.","productDescription":"2 p.","numberOfPages":"2","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2005-01-01","temporalEnd":"2005-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":407,"text":"National Assessment of Oil and Gas Project","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":120848,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2006_3049.jpg"},{"id":7814,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2006/3049/table1.xls"},{"id":7813,"rank":800,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2006/3049/fs2006-3049.doc"},{"id":7812,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2006/3049/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a26e4b07f02db60f607","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Coleman, James L. 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