{"pageNumber":"760","pageRowStart":"18975","pageSize":"25","recordCount":40782,"records":[{"id":70036352,"text":"70036352 - 2011 - The significance of turbulent flow representation in single-continuum models","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:03","indexId":"70036352","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The significance of turbulent flow representation in single-continuum models","docAbstract":"Karst aquifers exhibit highly conductive features caused from rock dissolution processes. Flow within these structures can become turbulent and therefore can be expressed by nonlinear gradient functions. One way to account for these effects is by coupling a continuum model with a conduit network. Alternatively, turbulent flow can be considered by adapting the hydraulic conductivity within the continuum model. Consequently, the significance of turbulent flow on the dynamic behavior of karst springs is investigated by an enhanced single-continuum model that results in conduit-type flow in continuum cells (CTFC). The single-continuum approach CTFC represents laminar and turbulent flow as well as more complex hybrid models that require additional programming and numerical efforts. A parameter study is conducted to investigate the effects of turbulent flow on the response of karst springs to recharge events using the new CTFC approach, existing hybrid models, and MODFLOW-2005. Results reflect the importance of representing (1) turbulent flow in karst conduits and (2) the exchange between conduits and continuum cells. More specifically, laminar models overestimate maximum spring discharge and underestimate hydraulic gradients within the conduit. It follows that aquifer properties inferred from spring hydrographs are potentially impaired by ignoring flow effects due to turbulence. The exchange factor used for hybrid models is necessary to account for the scale dependency between hydraulic properties of the matrix continuum and conduits. This functionality, which is not included in CTFC, can be mimicked by appropriate use of the Horizontal Flow Barrier package for MODFLOW. Copyright 2011 by the American Geophysical Union.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Water Resources Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2010WR010133","issn":"00431397","usgsCitation":"Reimann, T., Rehrl, C., Shoemaker, W., Geyer, T., and Birk, S., 2011, The significance of turbulent flow representation in single-continuum models: Water Resources Research, v. 47, no. 9, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010WR010133.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":218314,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2010WR010133"},{"id":246313,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"47","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-09-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb034e4b08c986b324ccb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reimann, Thomas","contributorId":45536,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reimann","given":"Thomas","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455689,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rehrl, C.","contributorId":33938,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rehrl","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455687,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shoemaker, W.B. 0000-0002-7680-377X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7680-377X","contributorId":51889,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shoemaker","given":"W.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455690,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Geyer, T.","contributorId":87791,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Geyer","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455691,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Birk, S.","contributorId":41182,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Birk","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455688,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70036350,"text":"70036350 - 2011 - Biogeochemistry of a temperate forest nitrogen gradient","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-29T13:58:43","indexId":"70036350","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1465,"text":"Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Biogeochemistry of a temperate forest nitrogen gradient","docAbstract":"Wide natural gradients of soil nitrogen (N) can be used to examine fundamental relationships between plant–soil–microbial N cycling and hydrologic N loss, and to test N-saturation theory as a general framework for understanding ecosystem N dynamics. We characterized plant production, N uptake and return in litterfall, soil gross and net N mineralization rates, and hydrologic N losses of nine Douglas-fir (<i>Pseudotsuga menziesii</i>) forests across a wide soil N gradient in the Oregon Coast Range (USA). Surface mineral soil N (0–10 cm) ranged nearly three-fold from 0.29% to 0.78% N, and in contrast to predictions of N-saturation theory, was linearly related to 10-fold variation in net N mineralization, from 8 to 82 kg N·ha<sup>−1</sup>·yr<sup>−1</sup>. Net N mineralization was unrelated to soil C:N, soil texture, precipitation, and temperature differences among sites. Net nitrification was negatively related to soil pH, and accounted for <20% of net N mineralization at low-N sites, increasing to 85–100% of net N mineralization at intermediate- and high-N sites. The ratio of net : gross N mineralization and nitrification increased along the gradient, indicating progressive saturation of microbial N demands at high soil N. Aboveground N uptake by plants increased asymptotically with net N mineralization to a peak of 35 kg N·ha<sup>−1</sup>·yr<sup>−1</sup>. Aboveground net primary production per unit net N mineralization varied inversely with soil N, suggesting progressive saturation of plant N demands at high soil N. Hydrologic N losses were dominated by dissolved organic N at low-N sites, with increased nitrate loss causing a shift to dominance by nitrate at high-N sites, particularly where net nitrification exceeded plant N demands. With the exception of N mineralization patterns, our results broadly support the application of the N-saturation model developed from studies of anthropogenic N deposition to understand N cycling and saturation of plant and microbial sinks along natural soil N gradients. This convergence of behavior in unpolluted and polluted forest N cycles suggests that where future reductions in deposition to polluted sites do occur, symptoms of N saturation are most likely to persist where soil N content remains elevated.","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","publisherLocation":"Ithaca, NY","doi":"10.1890/10-1642.1","issn":"00129658","usgsCitation":"Perakis, S., and Sinkhorn, E.R., 2011, Biogeochemistry of a temperate forest nitrogen gradient: Ecology, v. 92, no. 7, p. 1481-1491, https://doi.org/10.1890/10-1642.1.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"1481","endPage":"1491","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":246282,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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,{"id":70036349,"text":"70036349 - 2011 - Complex mean circulation over the inner shelf south of Martha's Vineyard revealed by observations and a high-resolution model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-12-28T11:57:59","indexId":"70036349","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2321,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Complex mean circulation over the inner shelf south of Martha's Vineyard revealed by observations and a high-resolution model","docAbstract":"Inner-shelf circulation is governed by the interaction between tides, baroclinic forcing, winds, waves, and frictional losses; the mean circulation ultimately governs exchange between the coast and ocean. In some cases, oscillatory tidal currents interact with bathymetric features to generate a tidally rectified flow. Recent observational and modeling efforts in an overlapping domain centered on the Martha's Vineyard Coastal Observatory (MVCO) provided an opportunity to investigate the spatial and temporal complexity of circulation on the inner shelf. ADCP and surface radar observations revealed a mean circulation pattern that was highly variable in the alongshore and cross-shore directions. Nested modeling incrementally improved representation of the mean circulation as grid resolution increased and indicated tidal rectification as the generation mechanism of a counter-clockwise gyre near the MVCO. The loss of model skill with decreasing resolution is attributed to insufficient representation of the bathymetric gradients (Δh/h), which is important for representing nonlinear interactions between currents and bathymetry. The modeled momentum balance was characterized by large spatial variability of the pressure gradient and horizontal advection terms over short distances, suggesting that observed inner-shelf momentum balances may be confounded. Given the available observational and modeling data, this work defines the spatially variable mean circulation and its formation mechanism&mdash;tidal rectification&mdash;and illustrates the importance of model resolution for resolving circulation and constituent exchange near the coast. The results of this study have implications for future observational and modeling studies near the MVCO and other inner-shelf locations with alongshore bathymetric variability.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union (AGU)","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1029/2011JC007035","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Ganju, N., Lentz, S.J., Kirincich, A.R., and Farrar, J.T., 2011, Complex mean circulation over the inner shelf south of Martha's Vineyard revealed by observations and a high-resolution model: Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, v. 116, no. C10036, 11 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JC007035.","productDescription":"11 p.","costCenters":[{"id":187,"text":"Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475415,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2011jc007035","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":218257,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2011JC007035"},{"id":246252,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -70.75,41.15 ], [ -70.75,41.4 ], [ -70.4,41.4 ], [ -70.4,41.15 ], [ -70.75,41.15 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"116","issue":"C10036","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-10-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f90fe4b0c8380cd4d3e9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ganju, Neil K. 0000-0002-1096-0465","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1096-0465","contributorId":93543,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ganju","given":"Neil K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455680,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lentz, Steven J.","contributorId":41687,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lentz","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":6706,"text":"Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution,","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":455679,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kirincich, Anthony R.","contributorId":20195,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kirincich","given":"Anthony","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455678,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Farrar, J. Thomas","contributorId":108354,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Farrar","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Thomas","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455681,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70036348,"text":"70036348 - 2011 - Treading lightly on shifting ground: The direction and motivation of future geological research","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:03","indexId":"70036348","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1582,"text":"Episodes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Treading lightly on shifting ground: The direction and motivation of future geological research","docAbstract":"The future of the geosciences and geological research will involve complex scientific challenges, primarily concerning global and regional environmental issues, in the next 20-30 years. It is quite reasonable to suspect, based on current political and socioeconomic events, that young geoscientists will be faced with and involved in helping to resolve some well defined problems: water and energy security, the effects of anthropogenic climate change, coastal sea level rise and development, and the mitigation of geohazards. It is how we choose to approach these challenges that will define our future. Interdisciplinary applied research, improved modeling and prediction augmented with faster and more sophisticated computing, and a greater role in creating and guiding public policy, will help us achieve our goals of a cleaner and safer Earth environment in the next 30 years. In the far future, even grander possibilities for eliminating the risk of certain geohazards and finding sustainable solutions to our energy needs can be envisioned. Looking deeper into the future, the possibilities for geoscience research push the limits of the imagination.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Episodes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"07053797","usgsCitation":"Witt, A., 2011, Treading lightly on shifting ground: The direction and motivation of future geological research: Episodes, v. 34, no. 2, p. 78-81.","startPage":"78","endPage":"81","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":246251,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"34","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb78ce4b08c986b32733b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Witt, A.C.","contributorId":26146,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Witt","given":"A.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455677,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70036347,"text":"70036347 - 2011 - Analysis of group-velocity dispersion of high-frequency Rayleigh waves for near-surface applications","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-18T19:51:13.837392","indexId":"70036347","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2165,"text":"Journal of Applied Geophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Analysis of group-velocity dispersion of high-frequency Rayleigh waves for near-surface applications","docAbstract":"<p><span>The Multichannel Analysis of Surface Waves (MASW) method is an efficient tool to obtain the vertical shear (S)-wave&nbsp;velocity profile&nbsp;using the dispersive characteristic of&nbsp;Rayleigh waves. Most MASW researchers mainly apply Rayleigh-wave&nbsp;phase-velocity&nbsp;dispersion for S-wave velocity estimation with a few exceptions applying Rayleigh-wave&nbsp;</span>group-velocity<span>&nbsp;dispersion. Herein, we first compare sensitivities of fundamental surface-wave phase velocities with group velocities with three four-layer models including a low-velocity layer or a high-velocity layer. Then synthetic data are simulated by a&nbsp;finite difference method. Images of group-velocity dispersive energy of the synthetic data are generated using the Multiple Filter Analysis (MFA) method. Finally we invert a high-frequency surface-wave group-velocity dispersion curve of a real-world example. Results demonstrate that (1) the sensitivities of group velocities are higher than those of phase velocities and usable frequency ranges are wider than that of phase velocities, which is very helpful in improving inversion stability because for a stable inversion system, small changes in phase velocities do not result in a large fluctuation in inverted S-wave velocities; (2) group-velocity dispersive energy can be measured using single-trace data if Rayleigh-wave fundamental-mode energy is dominant, which suggests that the number of shots required in data acquisition can be dramatically reduced and the horizontal resolution can be greatly improved using analysis of group-velocity dispersion; and (3) the suspension logging results of the real-world example demonstrate that inversion of group velocities generated by the MFA method can successfully estimate near-surface S-wave velocities.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jappgeo.2011.04.002","issn":"09269851","usgsCitation":"Luo, Y., Xia, J., Xu, Y., and Zeng, C., 2011, Analysis of group-velocity dispersion of high-frequency Rayleigh waves for near-surface applications: Journal of Applied Geophysics, v. 74, no. 2-3, p. 157-165, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jappgeo.2011.04.002.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"157","endPage":"165","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":246218,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":218227,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jappgeo.2011.04.002"}],"volume":"74","issue":"2-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059eb1ae4b0c8380cd48c0a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Luo, Y.","contributorId":28417,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luo","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455673,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Xia, J.","contributorId":63513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Xia","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455675,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Xu, Y.","contributorId":47816,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Xu","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455674,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Zeng, C.","contributorId":94519,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zeng","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455676,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70036346,"text":"70036346 - 2011 - Dust: Small-scale processes with global consequences","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-20T20:14:35.175749","indexId":"70036346","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1578,"text":"Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union","onlineIssn":"2324-9250","printIssn":"0096-394","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Dust: Small-scale processes with global consequences","docAbstract":"<p><span>Desert dust, both modern and ancient, is a critical component of the Earth system. Atmospheric dust has important effects on climate by changing the atmospheric radiation budget, while deposited dust influences biogeochemical cycles in the oceans and on land. Dust deposited on snow and ice decreases its albedo, allowing more light to be trapped at the surface, thus increasing the rate of melt and influencing energy budgets and river discharge. In the human realm, dust contributes to the transport of allergens and pathogens and when inhaled can cause or aggravate respiratory diseases. Dust storms also represent a significant hazard to road and air travel. Because it affects so many Earth processes, dust is studied from a variety of perspectives and at multiple scales, with various disciplines examining emissions for different purposes using disparate strategies. Thus, the range of objectives in studying dust, as well as experimental approaches and results, has not yet been systematically integrated. Key research questions surrounding the production and sources of dust could benefit from improved collaboration among different research communities. These questions involve the origins of dust, factors that influence dust production and emission, and methods through which dust can be monitored.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2011EO290001","usgsCitation":"Okin, G., Bullard, J.E., Reynolds, R.L., Ballantine, J.#., Schepanski, K., Todd, M.C., Belnap, J., Baddock, M.C., Gill, T.E., and Miller, M.E., 2011, Dust: Small-scale processes with global consequences: Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, v. 92, no. 29, p. 241-242, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011EO290001.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"241","endPage":"242","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475322,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2011eo290001","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":246217,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"South Australia","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              136.7578125,\n              -32.76880048488168\n            ],\n            [\n              140.2734375,\n              -32.76880048488168\n            ],\n            [\n              140.2734375,\n              -27.449790329784214\n            ],\n            [\n              136.7578125,\n              -27.449790329784214\n            ],\n            [\n              136.7578125,\n              -32.76880048488168\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"92","issue":"29","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-07-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a041ee4b0c8380cd507ca","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Okin, G. S.","contributorId":97361,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Okin","given":"G. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455671,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bullard, J. E.","contributorId":9901,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bullard","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455663,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Reynolds, Richard L. 0000-0002-4572-2942 rreynolds@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4572-2942","contributorId":139068,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reynolds","given":"Richard","email":"rreynolds@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":455669,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ballantine, J. #NAME?","contributorId":44399,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ballantine","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"#NAME?","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455666,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Schepanski, K.","contributorId":91344,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schepanski","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455670,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Todd, M. C.","contributorId":20583,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Todd","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455664,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Belnap, Jayne 0000-0001-7471-2279 jayne_belnap@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7471-2279","contributorId":1332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belnap","given":"Jayne","email":"jayne_belnap@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":455665,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Baddock, M. C.","contributorId":50764,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Baddock","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455667,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Gill, T. E.","contributorId":66003,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gill","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455668,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Miller, M. E.","contributorId":104003,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Miller","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455672,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}}
,{"id":70036335,"text":"70036335 - 2011 - Estimates of stress drop and crustal tectonic stress from the 27 February 2010 Maule, Chile, earthquake: Implications for fault strength","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-18T20:36:02.342986","indexId":"70036335","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimates of stress drop and crustal tectonic stress from the 27 February 2010 Maule, Chile, earthquake: Implications for fault strength","docAbstract":"<p><span>The great 27 February 2010&nbsp;</span><i>M</i><sub><i>w</i></sub><span>&nbsp;8.8 earthquake off the coast of southern Chile ruptured a ∼600 km length of subduction zone. In this paper, we make two independent estimates of shear stress in the crust in the region of the Chile earthquake. First, we use a coseismic slip model constrained by geodetic observations from interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) and GPS to derive a spatially variable estimate of the change in static shear stress along the ruptured fault. Second, we use a static force balance model to constrain the crustal shear stress required to simultaneously support observed fore‐arc topography and the stress orientation indicated by the earthquake focal mechanism. This includes the derivation of a semianalytic solution for the stress field exerted by surface and Moho topography loading the crust. We find that the deviatoric stress exerted by topography is minimized in the limit when the crust is considered an incompressible elastic solid, with a Poisson ratio of 0.5, and is independent of Young's modulus. This places a strict lower bound on the critical stress state maintained by the crust supporting plastically deformed accretionary wedge topography. We estimate the coseismic shear stress change from the Maule event ranged from −6 MPa (stress increase) to 17 MPa (stress drop), with a maximum depth‐averaged crustal shear‐stress drop of 4 MPa. We separately estimate that the plate‐driving forces acting in the region, regardless of their exact mechanism, must contribute at least 27 MPa trench‐perpendicular compression and 15 MPa trench‐parallel compression. This corresponds to a depth‐averaged shear stress of at least 7 MPa. The comparable magnitude of these two independent shear stress estimates is consistent with the interpretation that the section of the megathrust fault ruptured in the Maule earthquake is weak, with the seismic cycle relieving much of the total sustained shear stress in the crust.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2011JB008509","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Luttrell, K., Tong, X., Sandwell, D., Brooks, B., and Bevis, M., 2011, Estimates of stress drop and crustal tectonic stress from the 27 February 2010 Maule, Chile, earthquake: Implications for fault strength: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 116, no. 11, B11401, 13 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JB008509.","productDescription":"B11401, 13 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":475193,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2011jb008509","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":246545,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":218525,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2011JB008509"}],"country":"Chile","otherGeospatial":"Maule","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -73.47656249999999,\n              -39.07890809706474\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.5869140625,\n              -34.47033512121748\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.48779296875,\n              -34.107256396631186\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.794921875,\n              -38.358887858666755\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.47656249999999,\n              -39.07890809706474\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"116","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-11-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0af1e4b0c8380cd524c7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Luttrell, K.M.","contributorId":103514,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luttrell","given":"K.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455596,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tong, X.","contributorId":12305,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tong","given":"X.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455593,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sandwell, D.T.","contributorId":99812,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sandwell","given":"D.T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455595,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brooks, B.A.","contributorId":107093,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brooks","given":"B.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455597,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bevis, M.G.","contributorId":74999,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bevis","given":"M.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455594,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70036333,"text":"70036333 - 2011 - Modeling the spatial-temporal dynamics of net primary production in Yangtze River Basin using IBIS model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-05-19T16:30:09.708564","indexId":"70036333","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Modeling the spatial-temporal dynamics of net primary production in Yangtze River Basin using IBIS model","docAbstract":"<p><span>The climate change has significantly affected the carbon cycling in Yangtze River Basin. To better understand the alternation pattern for the relationship between carbon cycling and climate change, the net primary production (NPP) were simulated in the study area from 1956 to 2006 by using the Integrated Biosphere Simulator (IBIS). The results showed that the average annual NPP per square meter was about 0.518 kg C in Yangtze River Basin. The high NPP levels were mainly distributed in the southeast area of Sichuan, and the highest value reached 1.05 kg C/m&nbsp;</span><sup>2</sup><span>&nbsp;. The NPP increased based on the simulated temporal trends. The spatiotemporal variability of the NPP in the vegetation types was obvious, and it was depended on the climate and soil condition. We found the drought climate was one of critical factor that impacts the alterations of the NPP in the area by the simulation.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings - 2011 19th international conference on geoinformatics, Geoinformatics 2011","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"2011 19th International Conference on Geoinformatics, Geoinformatics 2011","conferenceDate":"June 24-26, 2011","conferenceLocation":"Shanghai, China","language":"English","publisher":"IEEE","doi":"10.1109/GeoInformatics.2011.5981181","usgsCitation":"Zhang, Z., Jiang, H., Liu, J., Zhu, Q., Wei, X., Jiang, Z., Zhou, G., Zhang, X., and Han, J., 2011, Modeling the spatial-temporal dynamics of net primary production in Yangtze River Basin using IBIS model, <i>in</i> Proceedings - 2011 19th international conference on geoinformatics, Geoinformatics 2011, v. 19, Shanghai, China, June 24-26, 2011, 5 p., https://doi.org/10.1109/GeoInformatics.2011.5981181.","productDescription":"5 p.","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":246511,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"China","otherGeospatial":"Yangtze River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              101.42578124999999,\n              26.352497858154024\n            ],\n            [\n              108.369140625,\n              29.84064389983441\n            ],\n            [\n              112.939453125,\n              29.916852233070173\n            ],\n            [\n              118.740234375,\n              30.44867367928756\n            ],\n            [\n              123.48632812499999,\n              30.372875188118016\n            ],\n            [\n              123.134765625,\n              32.91648534731439\n            ],\n            [\n              111.70898437499999,\n              32.02670629333614\n            ],\n            [\n              105.556640625,\n              31.42866311735861\n            ],\n            [\n              100.37109375,\n              29.611670115197377\n            ],\n            [\n              97.734375,\n              29.38217507514529\n            ],\n            [\n              101.42578124999999,\n              26.352497858154024\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"19","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5c50e4b0c8380cd6fbc7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zhang, Z.","contributorId":47505,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhang","given":"Z.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455574,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jiang, H.","contributorId":83731,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jiang","given":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455577,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Liu, J.","contributorId":23672,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Liu","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455571,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Zhu, Q.","contributorId":93711,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhu","given":"Q.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455578,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wei, X.","contributorId":50636,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wei","given":"X.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455575,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Jiang, Z.","contributorId":38827,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jiang","given":"Z.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455573,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Zhou, G.","contributorId":12604,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhou","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455570,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Zhang, X.","contributorId":30193,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhang","given":"X.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455572,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Han, J.","contributorId":52442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Han","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455576,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":70036332,"text":"70036332 - 2011 - Modern thermokarst lake dynamics in the continuous permafrost zone, northern Seward Peninsula, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-06-16T18:03:05","indexId":"70036332","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2320,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modern thermokarst lake dynamics in the continuous permafrost zone, northern Seward Peninsula, Alaska","docAbstract":"Quantifying changes in thermokarst lake extent is of importance for understanding the permafrost-related carbon budget, including the potential release of carbon via lake expansion or sequestration as peat in drained lake basins. We used high spatial resolution remotely sensed imagery from 1950/51, 1978, and 2006/07 to quantify changes in thermokarst lakes for a 700 km<sup>2</sup> area on the northern Seward Peninsula, Alaska. The number of water bodies larger than 0.1 ha increased over the entire observation period (666 to 737 or +10.7%); however, total surface area decreased (5,066 ha to 4,312 ha or -14.9%). This pattern can largely be explained by the formation of remnant ponds following partial drainage of larger water bodies. Thus, analysis of large lakes (&gt;40 ha) shows a decrease of 24% and 26% in number and area, respectively, differing from lake changes reported from other continuous permafrost regions. Thermokarst lake expansion rates did not change substantially between 1950/51 and 1978 (0.35 m/yr) and 1978 and 2006/07 (0.39 m/yr). However, most lakes that drained did expand as a result of surface permafrost degradation before lateral drainage. Drainage rates over the observation period were stable (2.2 to 2.3 per year). Thus, analysis of decadal-scale, high spatial resolution imagery has shown that lake drainage in this region is triggered by lateral breaching and not subterranean infiltration. Future research should be directed toward better understanding thermokarst lake dynamics at high spatial and temporal resolution as these systems have implications for landscape-scale hydrology and carbon budgets in thermokarst lake-rich regions in the circum-Arctic.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2011JG001666","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Jones, B.M., Grosse, G., Arp, C., Jones, M., Walter, A.K., and Romanovsky, V., 2011, Modern thermokarst lake dynamics in the continuous permafrost zone, northern Seward Peninsula, Alaska: Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences, v. 116, no. G2, 13 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JG001666.","productDescription":"13 p.","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475306,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2011jg001666","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":246510,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":218493,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2011JG001666"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Seward Peninsula","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 140.3,51.2 ], [ 140.3,73.3 ], [ -130.0,73.3 ], [ -130.0,51.2 ], [ 140.3,51.2 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"116","issue":"G2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5ca4e4b0c8380cd6fe46","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jones, Benjamin M. 0000-0002-1517-4711 bjones@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1517-4711","contributorId":2286,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"Benjamin","email":"bjones@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":118,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geography","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":455564,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Grosse, G.","contributorId":82140,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grosse","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455569,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Arp, C.D.","contributorId":54715,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arp","given":"C.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455566,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jones, M.C.","contributorId":62446,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"M.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455568,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Walter, Anthony K.M.","contributorId":49633,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walter","given":"Anthony","email":"","middleInitial":"K.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455565,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Romanovsky, V.E.","contributorId":54721,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Romanovsky","given":"V.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455567,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70036327,"text":"70036327 - 2011 - US geological survey Circum-Arctic Resource Appraisal (CARA): Introduction and summary of organization and methods","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-19T19:24:49.448066","indexId":"70036327","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1784,"text":"Geological Society Memoir","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"chapter":"8","title":"US geological survey Circum-Arctic Resource Appraisal (CARA): Introduction and summary of organization and methods","docAbstract":"<p><span>The USGS has assessed undiscovered petroleum resources in the Arctic through geological mapping, basin analysis and quantitative assessment. The new map compilation provided the base from which geologists subdivided the Arctic for burial history modelling and quantitative assessment. The CARA was a probabilistic, geologically based study that used existing USGS methodology, modified somewhat for the circumstances of the Arctic. The assessment relied heavily on analogue modelling, with numerical input as lognormal distributions of sizes and numbers of undiscovered accumulations. Probabilistic results for individual assessment units were statistically aggregated taking geological dependencies into account. Fourteen papers in this Geological Society volume present summaries of various aspects of the CARA.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"The Geological Society of London","doi":"10.1144/M35.8","issn":"04354052","usgsCitation":"Charpentier, R., and Gautier, D.L., 2011, US geological survey Circum-Arctic Resource Appraisal (CARA): Introduction and summary of organization and methods: Geological Society Memoir, no. 35, p. 145-150, https://doi.org/10.1144/M35.8.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"145","endPage":"150","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":246440,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":218432,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1144/M35.8"}],"issue":"35","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-08-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f471e4b0c8380cd4bd31","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Charpentier, Ronald R.","contributorId":33674,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Charpentier","given":"Ronald R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455537,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gautier, Donald L. gautier@usgs.gov","contributorId":1310,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gautier","given":"Donald","email":"gautier@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":455538,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70036322,"text":"70036322 - 2011 - The USGS geomagnetism program and its role in space weather monitoring","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-30T15:02:55","indexId":"70036322","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3456,"text":"Space Weather","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The USGS geomagnetism program and its role in space weather monitoring","docAbstract":"<p>Magnetic storms result from the dynamic interaction of the solar wind with the coupled magnetospheric-ionospheric system. Large storms represent a potential hazard for the activities and infrastructure of a modern, technologically based society [Baker et al., 2008]; they can cause the loss of radio communications, reduce the accuracy of global positioning systems, damage satellite electronics and affect satellite operations, increase pipeline corrosion, and induce voltage surges in electric power grids, causing blackouts. So while space weather starts with the Sun and is driven by the solar wind, it is on, or just above, the surface of the Earth that the practical effects of space weather are realized. Therefore, ground-based sensor networks, including magnetic observatories [Love, 2008], play an important role in space weather monitoring.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1029/2011SW000684","issn":"15427390","usgsCitation":"Love, J.J., and Finn, C.A., 2011, The USGS geomagnetism program and its role in space weather monitoring: Space Weather, v. 9, no. 7, 5 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2011SW000684.","productDescription":"5 p.","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":246344,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"9","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-07-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba953e4b08c986b3221bf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Love, Jeffrey J. 0000-0002-3324-0348 jlove@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3324-0348","contributorId":760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Love","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jlove@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":455513,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Finn, Carol A. 0000-0003-3144-1645 cafinn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3144-1645","contributorId":2144,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finn","given":"Carol","email":"cafinn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":455514,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70036315,"text":"70036315 - 2011 - A multitracer approach for characterizing interactions between shallow groundwater and the hydrothermal system in the Norris Geyser Basin area, Yellowstone National Park","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-19T19:57:54.472321","indexId":"70036315","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1757,"text":"Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A multitracer approach for characterizing interactions between shallow groundwater and the hydrothermal system in the Norris Geyser Basin area, Yellowstone National Park","docAbstract":"<p><span>Multiple environmental tracers are used to investigate age distribution, evolution, and mixing in local‐ to regional‐scale groundwater circulation around the Norris Geyser Basin area in Yellowstone National Park. Springs ranging in temperature from 3°C to 90°C in the Norris Geyser Basin area were sampled for stable isotopes of hydrogen and oxygen, major and minor element chemistry, dissolved chlorofluorocarbons, and tritium. Groundwater near Norris Geyser Basin is comprised of two distinct systems: a shallow, cool water system and a deep, high‐temperature hydrothermal system. These two end‐member systems mix to create springs with intermediate temperature and composition. Using multiple tracers from a large number of springs, it is possible constrain the distribution of possible flow paths and refine conceptual models of groundwater circulation in and around a large, complex hydrothermal system.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2010GC003353","issn":"15252027","usgsCitation":"Gardner, W., Susong, D.D., Solomon, D.K., and Heasler, H., 2011, A multitracer approach for characterizing interactions between shallow groundwater and the hydrothermal system in the Norris Geyser Basin area, Yellowstone National Park: Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, v. 12, no. 8, Q08005, 17 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2010GC003353.","productDescription":"Q08005, 17 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":475337,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2010gc003353","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":246249,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":218255,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2010GC003353"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Yellowstone National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -111.02783203125,\n              44.24126379833976\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.1104736328125,\n              44.24126379833976\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.1104736328125,\n              44.968684437948376\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.02783203125,\n              44.968684437948376\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.02783203125,\n              44.24126379833976\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"12","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-08-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e490e4b0c8380cd46720","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gardner, W.P.","contributorId":93311,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gardner","given":"W.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455470,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Susong, David D. ddsusong@usgs.gov","contributorId":1040,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Susong","given":"David","email":"ddsusong@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":455468,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Solomon, D. K.","contributorId":98324,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Solomon","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455471,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Heasler, H.P.","contributorId":21802,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heasler","given":"H.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455469,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70036314,"text":"70036314 - 2011 - Is the northern high-latitude land-based CO2 sink weakening?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:03","indexId":"70036314","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1836,"text":"Global Biogeochemical Cycles","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Is the northern high-latitude land-based CO2 sink weakening?","docAbstract":"Studies indicate that, historically, terrestrial ecosystems of the northern high-latitude region may have been responsible for up to 60% of the global net land-based sink for atmospheric CO2. However, these regions have recently experienced remarkable modification of the major driving forces of the carbon cycle, including surface air temperature warming that is significantly greater than the global average and associated increases in the frequency and severity of disturbances. Whether Arctic tundra and boreal forest ecosystems will continue to sequester atmospheric CO2 in the face of these dramatic changes is unknown. Here we show the results of model simulations that estimate a 41 Tg C yr-1 sink in the boreal land regions from 1997 to 2006, which represents a 73% reduction in the strength of the sink estimated for previous decades in the late 20th century. Our results suggest that CO 2 uptake by the region in previous decades may not be as strong as previously estimated. The recent decline in sink strength is the combined result of (1) weakening sinks due to warming-induced increases in soil organic matter decomposition and (2) strengthening sources from pyrogenic CO2 emissions as a result of the substantial area of boreal forest burned in wildfires across the region in recent years. Such changes create positive feedbacks to the climate system that accelerate global warming, putting further pressure on emission reductions to achieve atmospheric stabilization targets. Copyright 2011 by the American Geophysical Union.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Global Biogeochemical Cycles","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2010GB003813","issn":"08866236","usgsCitation":"Hayes, D., McGuire, A., Kicklighter, D., Gurney, K., Burnside, T., and Melillo, J.M., 2011, Is the northern high-latitude land-based CO2 sink weakening?: Global Biogeochemical Cycles, v. 25, no. 3, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010GB003813.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":475268,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2010gb003813","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":246216,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":218225,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2010GB003813"}],"volume":"25","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-08-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3f2de4b0c8380cd6430d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hayes, D.J.","contributorId":56074,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hayes","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455464,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McGuire, A. D.","contributorId":16552,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGuire","given":"A. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455462,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kicklighter, D. W.","contributorId":31537,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kicklighter","given":"D. W.","affiliations":[{"id":13627,"text":"Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":455463,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gurney, K.R.","contributorId":102310,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gurney","given":"K.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455467,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Burnside, T.J.","contributorId":73014,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burnside","given":"T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455465,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Melillo, J. M.","contributorId":73139,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Melillo","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455466,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70036305,"text":"70036305 - 2011 - Exploring the sensitivity of soil carbon dynamics to climate change, fire disturbance and permafrost thaw in a black spruce ecosystem","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-19T20:28:18.332475","indexId":"70036305","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1011,"text":"Biogeosciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Exploring the sensitivity of soil carbon dynamics to climate change, fire disturbance and permafrost thaw in a black spruce ecosystem","docAbstract":"<p><span>In the boreal region, soil organic carbon (OC) dynamics are strongly governed by the interaction between wildfire and permafrost. Using a combination of field measurements, numerical modeling of soil thermal dynamics, and mass-balance modeling of OC dynamics, we tested the sensitivity of soil OC storage to a suite of individual climate factors (air temperature, soil moisture, and snow depth) and fire severity. We also conducted sensitivity analyses to explore the combined effects of fire-soil moisture interactions and snow seasonality on OC storage. OC losses were calculated as the difference in OC stocks after three fire cycles (~500 yr) following a prescribed step-change in climate and/or fire. Across single-factor scenarios, our findings indicate that warmer air temperatures resulted in the largest relative soil OC losses (~5.3 kg C m</span><sup>−2</sup><span>), whereas dry soil conditions alone (in the absence of wildfire) resulted in the smallest carbon losses (~0.1 kg C m</span><sup>−2</sup><span>). Increased fire severity resulted in carbon loss of ~3.3 kg C m</span><sup>−2</sup><span>, whereas changes in snow depth resulted in smaller OC losses (2.1–2.2 kg C m</span><sup>−2</sup><span>). Across multiple climate factors, we observed larger OC losses than for single-factor scenarios. For instance, high fire severity regime associated with warmer and drier conditions resulted in OC losses of ~6.1 kg C m</span><sup>−2</sup><span>, whereas a low fire severity regime associated with warmer and wetter conditions resulted in OC losses of ~5.6 kg C m</span><sup>−2</sup><span>. A longer snow-free season associated with future warming resulted in OC losses of ~5.4 kg C m</span><sup>−2</sup><span>. Soil climate was the dominant control on soil OC loss, governing the sensitivity of microbial decomposers to fluctuations in temperature and soil moisture; this control, in turn, is governed by interannual changes in active layer depth. Transitional responses of the active layer depth to fire regimes also contributed to OC losses, primarily by determining the proportion of OC into frozen and unfrozen soil layers.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"European Geosciences Union","doi":"10.5194/bg-8-1367-2011","issn":"17264170","usgsCitation":"O'Donnell, J., Harden, J.W., McGuire, A.D., and Romanovsky, V., 2011, Exploring the sensitivity of soil carbon dynamics to climate change, fire disturbance and permafrost thaw in a black spruce ecosystem: Biogeosciences, v. 8, no. 5, p. 1367-1382, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-8-1367-2011.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"1367","endPage":"1382","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":475143,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-8-1367-2011","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":246602,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":218577,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-8-1367-2011"}],"volume":"8","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-05-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0e28e4b0c8380cd53310","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"O'Donnell, J. A.","contributorId":85367,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O'Donnell","given":"J. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455416,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harden, Jennifer W. 0000-0002-6570-8259 jharden@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6570-8259","contributorId":1971,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harden","given":"Jennifer","email":"jharden@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":455414,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McGuire, A. David 0000-0003-4646-0750 ffadm@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4646-0750","contributorId":166708,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGuire","given":"A.","email":"ffadm@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"David","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":455413,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Romanovsky, V.E.","contributorId":54721,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Romanovsky","given":"V.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455415,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70036304,"text":"70036304 - 2011 - Atacamite and paratacamite from the ultramafic-hosted Logatchev seafloor vent field (14°45′N, Mid-Atlantic Ridge)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-04-14T14:01:59","indexId":"70036304","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1213,"text":"Chemical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Atacamite and paratacamite from the ultramafic-hosted Logatchev seafloor vent field (14°45′N, Mid-Atlantic Ridge)","docAbstract":"Atacamite and paratacamite are ubiquitous minerals associated with Cu-rich massive sulfides at the Logatchev hydrothermal field (Mid-Atlantic Ridge). In this work we provide new details on the mineralogy and geochemistry of these basic cupric chlorides. Our data support the notion that atacamite and paratacamite formation at submarine vent fields is an alteration process of hydrothermal Cu-sulfides. Secondary Cu-sulfides (bornite, covellite) are unstable at ambient seawater conditions and will dissolve. Dissolution is focused at the sulfide–seawater contact, leading to release of Fe<sup>2+</sup> and Cu<sup>+</sup> and formation of residual chalcocite through an intermediate Cu<sub>5</sub>S<sub>4</sub> phase. Most of the released Fe<sup>2+</sup> oxidizes immediately and precipitates as FeOOH directly on the chalcocite rims whereas Cu as chloride complexes (CuCl<sup>2−</sup>, CuCl<sub>3</sub><sup>2-</sup>) remains in solution at the same Eh. Cuprous–chloride complexes migrate from the reaction zone and upon increasing Eh precipitate as Cu<sub>2</sub>Cl(OH)<sub>3</sub>. As a consequence of this, the sulfide–seawater reaction interface is clearly marked by thin chalcocite–FeOOH bands and the entire assemblage is mantled by atacamite (or paratacamite). Our mineralogical, petrographic, geochemical and isotopic studies suggest that there are two types of atacamite (and/or paratacamite) depending on their mode of precipitation. Type 1 atacamite precipitated directly on the parent sulfides as evidenced by mantling of the sulfides, absence of detrital mineral grains, a preserved conspicuous positive Eu anomaly and a negligible negative Ce anomaly similar to those of the parent sulfide. In addition, Au concentrations are slightly lower than those of the parent sulfides, which suggest minimal transport of Au-ions after their release from the sulfides. Furthermore, the low content of the rare earth elements implies short contact time with the ambient seawater. The Sr–Nd–Pb-isotopic signatures of type 1 atacamite confirm the genetic association with the parent sulfides and indicate formation spatially very close to the latter. Type 2 atacamite precipitated at some distance from the parent sulfides, which means that the cuprous–chloride complexes have moved away from the sulfide alteration zone before precipitation. The evidence for this is absence of direct association of atacamite with sulfides. In addition, this atacamite contains a substantial proportion of detrital minerals, which implies precipitation in the sediments, distal to the parent sulfides. As a consequence of the detrital impurities the contents of elements like Cr, Cs, Hf, Nb, Rb, Th and Zr are higher than in type 1 atacamite (and/or paratacamite). Au contents are lower than those of type 1 atacamite (and/or paratacamite) which implies prolonged Au transport in solution before precipitation. Furthermore, the rare earth element distribution patterns have no positive Eu anomaly suggesting that the positive Eu anomaly of the parent sulfide has been erased after dissolution and prolonged contact of the fluid with ambient seawater (with negative Eu anomaly). Finally, the Sr–Nd-isotope signature differs from that of the parent sulfide and indicates a considerable terrigenous input.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Chemical Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/j.chemgeo.2011.05.002","issn":"00092541","usgsCitation":"Dekov, V., Boycheva, T., Halenius, U., Petersen, S., Billstrom, K., Stummeyer, J., Kamenov, G., and Shanks, W., 2011, Atacamite and paratacamite from the ultramafic-hosted Logatchev seafloor vent field (14°45′N, Mid-Atlantic Ridge): Chemical Geology, v. 286, no. 3-4, p. 169-184, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2011.05.002.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"169","endPage":"184","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":218552,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2011.05.002"},{"id":246573,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Atlantic Ocean","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -83.2,-83.0 ], [ -83.2,68.6 ], [ 20.0,68.6 ], [ 20.0,-83.0 ], [ -83.2,-83.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"286","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ee9ee4b0c8380cd49e7e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dekov, Vesselin","contributorId":58883,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dekov","given":"Vesselin","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455407,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Boycheva, Tanya","contributorId":101501,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boycheva","given":"Tanya","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455411,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Halenius, Ulf","contributorId":104751,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Halenius","given":"Ulf","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455412,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Petersen, Sven","contributorId":76586,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Petersen","given":"Sven","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455408,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Billstrom, Kjell","contributorId":90971,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Billstrom","given":"Kjell","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455409,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Stummeyer, Jens","contributorId":31206,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stummeyer","given":"Jens","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455405,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Kamenov, G.","contributorId":42416,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kamenov","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455406,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Shanks, W.","contributorId":99813,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shanks","given":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455410,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70036303,"text":"70036303 - 2011 - Seismic and geodetic signatures of fault slip at the Slumgullion Landslide Natural Laboratory","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-07-10T14:25:02","indexId":"70036303","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seismic and geodetic signatures of fault slip at the Slumgullion Landslide Natural Laboratory","docAbstract":"We tested the hypothesis that the Slumgullion landslide is a useful natural laboratory for observing fault slip, specifically that slip along its basal surface and side-bounding strike-slip faults occurs with comparable richness of aseismic and seismic modes as along crustal- and plate-scale boundaries. Our study provides new constraints on models governing landslide motion. We monitored landslide deformation with temporary deployments of a 29-element prism array surveyed by a robotic theodolite and an 88-station seismic network that complemented permanent extensometers and environmental instrumentation. Aseismic deformation observations show that large blocks of the landslide move steadily at approximately centimeters per day, possibly punctuated by variations of a few millimeters, while localized transient slip episodes of blocks less than a few tens of meters across occur frequently. We recorded a rich variety of seismic signals, nearly all of which originated outside the monitoring network boundaries or from the side-bounding strike-slip faults. The landslide basal surface beneath our seismic network likely slipped almost completely aseismically. Our results provide independent corroboration of previous inferences that dilatant strengthening along sections of the side-bounding strike-slip faults controls the overall landslide motion, acting as seismically radiating brakes that limit acceleration of the aseismically slipping basal surface. Dilatant strengthening has also been invoked in recent models of transient slip and tremor sources along crustal- and plate-scale faults suggesting that the landslide may indeed be a useful natural laboratory for testing predictions of specific mechanisms that control fault slip at all scales.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1029/2011JB008304","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Gomberg, J., Schulz, W., Bodin, P., and Kean, J., 2011, Seismic and geodetic signatures of fault slip at the Slumgullion Landslide Natural Laboratory: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 116, no. 9, 20 p.; B09404, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JB008304.","productDescription":"20 p.; B09404","costCenters":[{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":246543,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":218523,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2011JB008304"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","county":"Hinsdale County","otherGeospatial":"Slumgullion Landslide","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -107.5857,37.4209 ], [ -107.5857,38.1468 ], [ -106.9978,38.1468 ], [ -106.9978,37.4209 ], [ -107.5857,37.4209 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"116","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-09-17","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8aeee4b08c986b31748d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gomberg, J.","contributorId":95994,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gomberg","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455404,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schulz, W.","contributorId":6641,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schulz","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455401,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bodin, P.","contributorId":29554,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bodin","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455402,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kean, J.","contributorId":62447,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kean","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455403,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70036302,"text":"70036302 - 2011 - Exploring geophysical processes influencing U.S. West Coast precipitation and water supply","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:02","indexId":"70036302","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1578,"text":"Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union","onlineIssn":"2324-9250","printIssn":"0096-394","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Exploring geophysical processes influencing U.S. West Coast precipitation and water supply","docAbstract":"CalWater Science Workshop; La Jolla, California, 8-10 June 2011 CalWater is a multiyear, multiagency research project with two primary research themes: the effects of changing climate on atmospheric rivers (ARs) and associated extreme events, and the potential role of aerosols in modulating cloud properties and precipitation, especially regarding orographic precipitation and water supply. Advances made in CalWater have implications for both water supply and flood control in California and other West Coast areas, both in the near term and in a changing climate.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2011EO410010","issn":"00963941","usgsCitation":"Ralph, F., Prather, K., and Cayan, D., 2011, Exploring geophysical processes influencing U.S. West Coast precipitation and water supply: Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, v. 92, no. 41, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011EO410010.","startPage":"352","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":218492,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2011EO410010"},{"id":246509,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"92","issue":"41","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-10-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0e24e4b0c8380cd532fa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ralph, F.M.","contributorId":39174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ralph","given":"F.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455398,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Prather, K.","contributorId":56899,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prather","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455400,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cayan, D.","contributorId":49563,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cayan","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455399,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70036301,"text":"70036301 - 2011 - An empirical model of the quiet daily geomagnetic field variation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-19T20:38:35.706332","indexId":"70036301","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2313,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research A: Space Physics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An empirical model of the quiet daily geomagnetic field variation","docAbstract":"<p><span class=\"paraNumber\"><span>&nbsp;</span></span><span>An empirical model of the quiet daily geomagnetic field variation has been constructed based on geomagnetic data obtained from 21 stations along the 210 Magnetic Meridian of the Circum‐pan Pacific Magnetometer Network (CPMN) from 1996 to 2007. Using the least squares fitting method for geomagnetically quiet days (</span><i>Kp</i><span>&nbsp;≤ 2+), the quiet daily geomagnetic field variation at each station was described as a function of solar activity&nbsp;</span><i>SA</i><span>, day of year&nbsp;</span><i>DOY</i><span>, lunar age&nbsp;</span><i>LA</i><span>, and local time&nbsp;</span><i>LT</i><span>. After interpolation in latitude, the model can describe solar‐activity dependence and seasonal dependence of solar quiet daily variations (S) and lunar quiet daily variations (L). We performed a spherical harmonic analysis (SHA) on these S and L variations to examine average characteristics of the equivalent external current systems. We found three particularly noteworthy results. First, the total current intensity of the S current system is largely controlled by solar activity while its focus position is not significantly affected by solar activity. Second, we found that seasonal variations of the S current intensity exhibit north‐south asymmetry; the current intensity of the northern vortex shows a prominent annual variation while the southern vortex shows a clear semi‐annual variation as well as annual variation. Thirdly, we found that the total intensity of the L current system changes depending on solar activity and season; seasonal variations of the L current intensity show an enhancement during the December solstice, independent of the level of solar activity.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2011JA016487","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Yamazaki, Y., Yumoto, K., Cardinal, M., Fraser, B., Hattori, P., Kakinami, Y., Liu, J., Lynn, K., Marshall, R., McNamara, D., Nagatsuma, T., Nikiforov, V., Otadoy, R., Ruhimat, M., Shevtsov, B., Shiokawa, K., Abe, S., Uozumi, T., and Yoshikawa, A., 2011, An empirical model of the quiet daily geomagnetic field variation: Journal of Geophysical Research A: Space Physics, v. 116, no. 10, A10312, 21 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JA016487.","productDescription":"A10312, 21 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":475142,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"text":"External Repository"},{"id":246508,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":218491,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2011JA016487"}],"otherGeospatial":"Circum‐pan Pacific Magnetometer Network","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              110.390625,\n              -44.59046718130883\n            ],\n            [\n              154.3359375,\n              -44.59046718130883\n            ],\n            [\n              154.3359375,\n              56.36525013685606\n            ],\n            [\n              110.390625,\n              56.36525013685606\n            ],\n            [\n              110.390625,\n          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B.J.","contributorId":18237,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fraser","given":"B.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455381,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hattori, P.","contributorId":59689,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hattori","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455386,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kakinami, Y.","contributorId":51612,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kakinami","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455384,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Liu, J.Y.","contributorId":18639,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"J.Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455382,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Lynn, 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V.M.","contributorId":11075,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nikiforov","given":"V.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455379,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Otadoy, R.E.","contributorId":87425,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Otadoy","given":"R.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455392,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Ruhimat, M.","contributorId":105182,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruhimat","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455396,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Shevtsov, B.M.","contributorId":62894,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shevtsov","given":"B.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455387,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Shiokawa, K.","contributorId":70658,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shiokawa","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455388,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Abe, S.","contributorId":53666,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Abe","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455385,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Uozumi, T.","contributorId":88621,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Uozumi","given":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455393,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18},{"text":"Yoshikawa, A.","contributorId":70659,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yoshikawa","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455389,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":19}]}}
,{"id":70036300,"text":"70036300 - 2011 - Habitat suitability and nest survival of white-headed woodpeckers in unburned forests of Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-31T15:40:34","indexId":"70036300","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Habitat suitability and nest survival of white-headed woodpeckers in unburned forests of Oregon","docAbstract":"<p><span>We evaluated habitat suitability and nest survival of breeding white-headed woodpeckers (</span><i>Picoides albolarvatus</i><span>) in unburned forests of central Oregon, USA. Daily nest-survival rate was positively related to maximum daily temperature during the nest interval and to density of large-diameter trees surrounding the nest tree. We developed a niche-based habitat suitability model (partitioned Mahalanobis distance) for nesting white-headed woodpeckers using remotely sensed data. Along with low elevation, high density of large trees, and low slope, our habitat suitability model suggested that interspersion–juxtaposition of low- and high-canopy cover ponderosa pine (</span><i>Pinus ponderosa</i><span>) patches was important for nest-site suitability. Cross-validation suggested the model performed adequately for management planning at a scale &gt;1 ha. Evaluation of mapped habitat suitability index (HSI) suggested that the maximum predictive gain (HSI = 0.36), where the number of nest locations are maximized in the smallest proportion of the modeled landscape, provided an objective initial threshold for identification of suitable habitat. However, managers can choose the threshold HSI most appropriate for their purposes (e.g., locating regions of low–moderate suitability that have potential for habitat restoration). Consequently, our habitat suitability model may be useful for managing dry coniferous forests for white-headed woodpeckers in central Oregon; however, model validation is necessary before our model could be applied to other locations.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/jwmg.146","usgsCitation":"Hollenbeck, J.P., Saab, V.A., and Frenzel, R.W., 2011, Habitat suitability and nest survival of white-headed woodpeckers in unburned forests of Oregon: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 75, no. 5, p. 1061-1071, https://doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.146.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"1061","endPage":"1071","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":246474,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"75","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-06-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2f2de4b0c8380cd5cb64","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hollenbeck, Jeff P. 0000-0001-6481-5354 jhollenbeck@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6481-5354","contributorId":5130,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hollenbeck","given":"Jeff","email":"jhollenbeck@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":455378,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Saab, Victoria A.","contributorId":82963,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Saab","given":"Victoria","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455377,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Frenzel, Richard W.","contributorId":42311,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Frenzel","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455376,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70036299,"text":"70036299 - 2011 - The importance of within-year repeated counts and the influence of scale on long-term monitoring of sage-grouse","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-20T13:23:48.285199","indexId":"70036299","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The importance of within-year repeated counts and the influence of scale on long-term monitoring of sage-grouse","docAbstract":"<p><span>Long‐term population monitoring is the cornerstone of animal conservation and management. The accuracy and precision of models developed using monitoring data can be influenced by the protocols guiding data collection. The greater sage‐grouse (</span><i>Centrocercus urophasianus</i><span>) is a species of concern that has been monitored over decades, primarily, by counting the number of males that attend lek (breeding) sites. These lek count data have been used to assess long‐term population trends and for multiple mechanistic studies. However, some studies have questioned the efficacy of lek counts to accurately identify population trends. In response, monitoring protocols were changed to have a goal of counting lek sites multiple times within a season. We assessed the influence of this change in monitoring protocols on model accuracy and precision applying generalized additive models to describe trends over time. We found that at large spatial scales including &gt;50 leks, the absence of repeated counts within a year did not significantly alter population trend estimates or interpretation. Increasing sample size decreased the model confidence intervals. We developed a population trend model for Wyoming greater sage‐grouse from 1965 to 2008, identifying significant changes in the population indices and capturing the cyclic nature of this species. Most sage‐grouse declines in Wyoming occurred between 1965 and the 1990s and lek count numbers generally increased from the mid‐1990s to 2008. Our results validate the combination of monitoring data collected under different protocols in past and future studies—provided those studies are addressing large‐scale questions. We suggest that a larger sample of individual leks is preferable to multiple counts of a smaller sample of leks.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"The Wildlife Society","doi":"10.1002/jwmg.155","issn":"0022541X","usgsCitation":"Fedy, B., and Aldridge, C.L., 2011, The importance of within-year repeated counts and the influence of scale on long-term monitoring of sage-grouse: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 75, no. 5, p. 1022-1033, https://doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.155.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1022","endPage":"1033","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475111,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.155","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":246473,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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 \"}}]}","volume":"75","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-06-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bad03e4b08c986b323900","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fedy, B.C.","contributorId":35427,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fedy","given":"B.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455374,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Aldridge, Cameron L. 0000-0003-3926-6941 aldridgec@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3926-6941","contributorId":191773,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aldridge","given":"Cameron","email":"aldridgec@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":455375,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70036298,"text":"70036298 - 2011 - Statistical methods of estimating mining costs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:06","indexId":"70036298","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Statistical methods of estimating mining costs","docAbstract":"Until it was defunded in 1995, the U.S. Bureau of Mines maintained a Cost Estimating System (CES) for prefeasibility-type economic evaluations of mineral deposits and estimating costs at producing and non-producing mines. This system had a significant role in mineral resource assessments to estimate costs of developing and operating known mineral deposits and predicted undiscovered deposits. For legal reasons, the U.S. Geological Survey cannot update and maintain CES. Instead, statistical tools are under development to estimate mining costs from basic properties of mineral deposits such as tonnage, grade, mineralogy, depth, strip ratio, distance from infrastructure, rock strength, and work index. The first step was to reestimate \"Taylor's Rule\" which relates operating rate to available ore tonnage. The second step was to estimate statistical models of capital and operating costs for open pit porphyry copper mines with flotation concentrators. For a sample of 27 proposed porphyry copper projects, capital costs can be estimated from three variables: mineral processing rate, strip ratio, and distance from nearest railroad before mine construction began. Of all the variables tested, operating costs were found to be significantly correlated only with strip ratio.","largerWorkTitle":"SME Annual Meeting and Exhibit and CMA 113th National Western Mining Conference 2011","conferenceTitle":"SME Annual Meeting and Exhibit and CMA 113th National Western Mining Conference 2011","conferenceDate":"28 February 2011 through 2 March 2011","conferenceLocation":"Denver, CO","language":"English","isbn":"9781617829727","usgsCitation":"Long, K.R., 2011, Statistical methods of estimating mining costs, <i>in</i> SME Annual Meeting and Exhibit and CMA 113th National Western Mining Conference 2011, Denver, CO, 28 February 2011 through 2 March 2011, p. 147-151.","startPage":"147","endPage":"151","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":246439,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9732e4b08c986b31b93a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Long, K. R.","contributorId":94658,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Long","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455373,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70036297,"text":"70036297 - 2011 - Labile Fe(II) concentrations in the Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean along a transect from the subtropical domain to the Weddell Sea Gyre","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-19T21:16:11.803812","indexId":"70036297","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1011,"text":"Biogeosciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Labile Fe(II) concentrations in the Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean along a transect from the subtropical domain to the Weddell Sea Gyre","docAbstract":"<p><span>Labile Fe(II) distributions were investigated in the Sub-Tropical South Atlantic and the Southern Ocean during the BONUS-GoodHope cruise from 34 to 57° S (February–March 2008). Concentrations ranged from below the detection limit (0.009 nM) to values as high as 0.125 nM. In the surface mixed layer, labile Fe(II) concentrations were always higher than the detection limit, with values higher than 0.060 nM south of 47° S, representing between 39 % and 63 % of dissolved Fe (DFe). Apparent biological production of Fe(II) was evidenced. At intermediate depth, local maxima were observed, with the highest values in the Sub-Tropical domain at around 200 m, and represented more than 70 % of DFe. Remineralization processes were likely responsible for those sub-surface maxima. Below 1500 m, concentrations were close to or below the detection limit, except at two stations (at the vicinity of the Agulhas ridge and in the north of the Weddell Sea Gyre) where values remained as high as ~0.030–0.050 nM. Hydrothermal or sediment inputs may provide Fe(II) to these deep waters. Fe(II) half life times (</span><i>t</i><sub>1/2</sub><span>) at 4°C were measured in the upper and deep waters and ranged from 2.9 to 11.3 min, and from 10.0 to 72.3 min, respectively. Measured values compared quite well in the upper waters with theoretical values from two published models, but not in the deep waters. This may be due to the lack of knowledge for some parameters in the models and/or to organic complexation of Fe(II) that impact its oxidation rates. This study helped to considerably increase the Fe(II) data set in the Ocean and to better understand the Fe redox cycle.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"European Geosciences Union","doi":"10.5194/bg-8-2461-2011","issn":"17264170","usgsCitation":"Sarthou, G., Bucciarelli, E., Chever, F., Hansard, S., Gonzalez-Davila, M., Santana-Casiano, J.M., Planchon, F., and Speich, S., 2011, Labile Fe(II) concentrations in the Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean along a transect from the subtropical domain to the Weddell Sea Gyre: Biogeosciences, v. 8, no. 9, p. 2461-2479, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-8-2461-2011.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"2461","endPage":"2479","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":475341,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-8-2461-2011","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":246438,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":218431,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-8-2461-2011"}],"volume":"8","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-09-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a40f7e4b0c8380cd651c2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sarthou, G.","contributorId":62434,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sarthou","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455371,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bucciarelli, E.","contributorId":49631,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bucciarelli","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455369,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chever, F.","contributorId":44383,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chever","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hansard, S.P.","contributorId":19391,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hansard","given":"S.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455366,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gonzalez-Davila, M.","contributorId":7532,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gonzalez-Davila","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455365,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Santana-Casiano, J. M.","contributorId":36386,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Santana-Casiano","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455367,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Planchon, F.","contributorId":50755,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Planchon","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455370,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Speich, S.","contributorId":69816,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Speich","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455372,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70036296,"text":"70036296 - 2011 - Wave climate and trends along the eastern Chukchi Arctic Alaska coast","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-10-21T15:02:43.811423","indexId":"70036296","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Wave climate and trends along the eastern Chukchi Arctic Alaska coast","docAbstract":"<p><span>Due in large part to the difficulty of obtaining measurements in the Arctic, little is known about the wave climate along the coast of Arctic Alaska. In this study, numerical model simulations encompassing 40 years of wave hind-casts were used to assess mean and extreme wave conditions. Results indicate that the wave climate was strongly modulated by large-scale atmospheric circulation patterns and that mean and extreme wave heights and periods exhibited increasing trends in both the sea and swell frequency bands over the time-period studied (1954–2004). Model simulations also indicate that the upward trend was not due to a decrease in the minimum icepack extent.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Solutions to Coastal Disasters 2011 - Proceedings of the 2011 Solutions to Coastal Disasters Conference","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"2011 Solutions to Coastal Disasters Conference","conferenceDate":"June 25-29, 2011","conferenceLocation":"Anchorage, AK","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Civil Engineers","doi":"10.1061/41185(417)25","isbn":"9780784411858","usgsCitation":"Erikson, L.H., Storlazzi, C., and Jensen, R.E., 2011, Wave climate and trends along the eastern Chukchi Arctic Alaska coast, <i>in</i> Solutions to Coastal Disasters 2011 - Proceedings of the 2011 Solutions to Coastal Disasters Conference, Anchorage, AK, June 25-29, 2011, p. 273-285, https://doi.org/10.1061/41185(417)25.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"273","endPage":"285","ipdsId":"IP-029005","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":246403,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"eastern Chukchi coast","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -168.22265625,\n              64.41592147626879\n            ],\n            [\n              -162.9931640625,\n              64.41592147626879\n            ],\n            [\n              -162.9931640625,\n              70.74347779138229\n            ],\n            [\n              -168.22265625,\n              70.74347779138229\n            ],\n            [\n              -168.22265625,\n              64.41592147626879\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-04-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bcf8ce4b08c986b32e97a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Erikson, L. H.","contributorId":21366,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Erikson","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455362,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Storlazzi, C. D. 0000-0001-8057-4490","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8057-4490","contributorId":98905,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Storlazzi","given":"C. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455363,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jensen, R. E.","contributorId":104750,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jensen","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455364,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70036294,"text":"70036294 - 2011 - A bayesian approach for determining velocity and uncertainty estimates from seismic cone penetrometer testing or vertical seismic profiling data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-21T13:05:20.951943","indexId":"70036294","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1166,"text":"Canadian Geotechnical Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A bayesian approach for determining velocity and uncertainty estimates from seismic cone penetrometer testing or vertical seismic profiling data","docAbstract":"<p><span>Conventional processing methods for seismic cone penetrometer data present several shortcomings, most notably the absence of a robust velocity model uncertainty estimate. We propose a new seismic cone penetrometer testing (SCPT) data-processing approach that employs Bayesian methods to map measured data errors into quantitative estimates of model uncertainty. We first calculate travel-time differences for all permutations of seismic trace pairs. That is, we cross-correlate each trace at each measurement location with every trace at every other measurement location to determine travel-time differences that are not biased by the choice of any particular reference trace and to thoroughly characterize data error. We calculate a forward operator that accounts for the different ray paths for each measurement location, including refraction at layer boundaries. We then use a Bayesian inversion scheme to obtain the most likely slowness (the reciprocal of velocity) and a distribution of probable slowness values for each model layer. The result is a velocity model that is based on correct ray paths, with uncertainty bounds that are based on the data error.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Canadian Science Publishing","doi":"10.1139/t11-012","issn":"00083674","usgsCitation":"Pidlisecky, A., and Haines, S.S., 2011, A bayesian approach for determining velocity and uncertainty estimates from seismic cone penetrometer testing or vertical seismic profiling data: Canadian Geotechnical Journal, v. 48, no. 7, p. 1061-1069, https://doi.org/10.1139/t11-012.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"1061","endPage":"1069","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":246401,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":218399,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t11-012"}],"volume":"48","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e31ae4b0c8380cd45e0f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pidlisecky, Adam","contributorId":94877,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pidlisecky","given":"Adam","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455356,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Haines, Seth S. 0000-0003-2611-8165 shaines@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2611-8165","contributorId":1344,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haines","given":"Seth","email":"shaines@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":455355,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70036290,"text":"70036290 - 2011 - The influence of the Atlantic Warm Pool on the Florida panhandle sea breeze","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:06","indexId":"70036290","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2316,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research D: Atmospheres","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The influence of the Atlantic Warm Pool on the Florida panhandle sea breeze","docAbstract":"In this paper we examine the variations of the boreal summer season sea breeze circulation along the Florida panhandle coast from relatively high resolution (10 km) regional climate model integrations. The 23 year climatology (1979-2001) of the multidecadal dynamically downscaled simulations forced by the National Centers for Environmental Prediction-Department of Energy (NCEP-DOE) Reanalysis II at the lateral boundaries verify quite well with the observed climatology. The variations at diurnal and interannual time scales are also well simulated with respect to the observations. We show from composite analyses made from these downscaled simulations that sea breezes in northwestern Florida are associated with changes in the size of the Atlantic Warm Pool (AWP) on interannual time scales. In large AWP years when the North Atlantic Subtropical High becomes weaker and moves further eastward relative to the small AWP years, a large part of the southeast U.S. including Florida comes under the influence of relatively strong anomalous low-level northerly flow and large-scale subsidence consistent with the theory of the Sverdrup balance. This tends to suppress the diurnal convection over the Florida panhandle coast in large AWP years. This study is also an illustration of the benefit of dynamic downscaling in understanding the low-frequency variations of the sea breeze. Copyright 2011 by the American Geophysical Union.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research D: Atmospheres","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2010JD015367","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Misra, V., Moeller, L., Stefanova, L., Chan, S., O’Brien, J.J., Smith, T., and Plant, N., 2011, The influence of the Atlantic Warm Pool on the Florida panhandle sea breeze: Journal of Geophysical Research D: Atmospheres, v. 116, no. 15, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JD015367.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":218340,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2010JD015367"},{"id":246340,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"116","issue":"15","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-08-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bad3be4b08c986b323a91","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Misra, V.","contributorId":95733,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Misra","given":"V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455284,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Moeller, L.","contributorId":67344,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moeller","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455280,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stefanova, L.","contributorId":72240,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stefanova","given":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455281,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Chan, S.","contributorId":83778,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chan","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455282,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"O’Brien, J. J.","contributorId":48011,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Brien","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455279,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Smith, T.J.","contributorId":45034,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455278,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Plant, N.","contributorId":87009,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plant","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455283,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
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