Coldwater fishes are sensitive to abiotic and biotic stream factors, which can be influenced by climate. Distributions of inland salmonids in North America have declined significantly, with many of the current strongholds located in small headwater systems that may serve as important refugia as climate change progresses. We investigated the effects of discharge, stream temperature, trout biomass, and food availability on summer growth of Yellowstone Cutthroat Trout Oncorhynchus clarkii bouvieri, a species of concern with significant ecological value. Individual size, stream discharge, sample section biomass, and temperature were all associated with growth, but had differing effects on energy allocation. Stream discharge had a positive relationship with growth rates in length and mass; greater rates of prey delivery at higher discharges probably enabled trout to accumulate reserve tissues in addition to structural growth. Temperature effects were positive but not significant, and support in growth models was limited, likely due to the cold thermal regimes of the study area. The strength of the discharge effect on growth suggests that climate adaptation strategies for coldwater fishes that focus solely on thermal characteristics may be misleading and highlights the importance of considering multiple factors, including hydrologic regimes, in conservation planning.
Historical increases in emissions and atmospheric deposition of oxidized and reduced nitrogen (N) provided the impetus for extensive, global-scale research investigating the effects of excess N in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, with several regions within the Eastern Deciduous Forest of the United States found to be susceptible to negative effects of excess N. The Clean Air Act and associated rules have led to decreases in emissions and deposition of oxidized N, especially in eastern U.S., representing a research challenge and opportunity for ecosystem ecologists and biogeochemists. The purpose of this paper is to predict changes in the structure and function of North American forest ecosystems in a future of decreased N deposition. Hysteresis is a property of a system wherein output is not a strict function of corresponding input, incorporating lag, delay, or history dependence, particularly when the response to decreasing input is different from the response to increasing input. We suggest a conceptual hysteretic model predicting varying lag times in recovery of soil acidification, plant biodiversity, soil microbial communities, forest carbon (C) and N cycling, and surface water chemistry toward pre-N impact conditions. Nearly all of these can potentially respond strongly to reductions in N deposition. Most responses are expected to show some degree of hysteresis, with the greatest delays in response occurring in processes most tightly linked to “slow pools” of N in wood and soil organic matter. Because experimental studies of declines in N loads in forests of North America are lacking and because of the expected hysteresis, it is difficult to generalize from experimental results to patterns expected from declining N deposition. These will likely be long-term phenomena, difficult to distinguish from other, concurrent environmental changes, including elevated atmospheric CO2, climate change, reductions in acidity, invasions of new species, and long-term vegetation responses to past disturbance.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.envpol.2018.09.135","usgsCitation":"Gilliam, F.S., Burns, D., Driscoll, C.T., Frey, S.D., Lovett, G.M., and Watmough, S.A., 2019, Decreased atmospheric nitrogen deposition in eastern North America: Predicted responses of forest ecosystems: Environmental Pollution, v. 244, p. 560-574, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2018.09.135.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"560","endPage":"574","ipdsId":"IP-098706","costCenters":[{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":358821,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","volume":"244","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":11,"text":"Pembroke PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c10a8dce4b034bf6a7e4d85","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gilliam, Frank S.","contributorId":168383,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gilliam","given":"Frank","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":16679,"text":"Marshall University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":749763,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Burns, Douglas A. 0000-0001-6516-2869","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6516-2869","contributorId":202943,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burns","given":"Douglas A.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":749762,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Driscoll, Charles T.","contributorId":167460,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Driscoll","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":5082,"text":"Syracuse University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":749764,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Frey, Serita D.","contributorId":177401,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Frey","given":"Serita","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":749765,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lovett, Gary M.","contributorId":210078,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lovett","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":36424,"text":"Cary Institute of Ecosystems Studies","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":749766,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Watmough, Shaun A.","contributorId":178413,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Watmough","given":"Shaun","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":749767,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70200613,"text":"70200613 - 2019 - On the development of a magnetic susceptibility‐based tracer for aeolian sediment transport research","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-11T15:07:06","indexId":"70200613","displayToPublicDate":"2018-10-25T12:14:44","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1425,"text":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"On the development of a magnetic susceptibility‐based tracer for aeolian sediment transport research","docAbstract":"Aeolian processes — the erosion, transport, and deposition of sediment by wind — play important geomorphological and ecological roles in drylands. These processes are known to impact the spatial patterns of soil, nutrients, plant‐available water, and vegetation in many dryland ecosystems. Tracers, such as rare earth elements and stable isotopes have been successfully used to quantify the transport and redistribution of sediment by aeolian processes in these ecosystems. However, many of the existing tracer techniques are labor‐intensive and cost‐prohibitive, and hence simpler alternative approaches are needed to track aeolian redistribution of sediments. To address this methodological gap, we test the applicability of a novel metal tracer‐based methodology for estimating post‐fire aeolian sediment redistribution, using spatio‐temporal measurements of low‐field magnetic susceptibility (MS). We applied magnetic metal tracers on soil microsites beneath shrub vegetation in recently burned and control treatments in a heterogeneous landscape in the Chihuahuan desert (New Mexico, USA). Our results indicate a spatially homogeneous distribution of the magnetic tracers on the landscape after post‐burn wind erosion events. MS decreased after wind erosion events on the burned shrub microsites, indicating that these areas functioned as sediment sources following the wildfire, whereas they are known to be sediment sinks in the undisturbed (e.g., not recently burned) ecosystem. This experiment represents the first step toward the development of a cost‐effective and non‐destructive tracer‐based approach to estimate the transport and redistribution of sediment by aeolian processes.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/esp.4536","usgsCitation":"Ravi, S., Gonzales, H.B., Buynevich, I.V., Li, J., Sankey, J.B., Dukes, D., and Wang, G., 2019, On the development of a magnetic susceptibility‐based tracer for aeolian sediment transport research: Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, v. 44, no. 2, p. 672-678, https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.4536.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"672","endPage":"678","ipdsId":"IP-100633","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":358815,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"44","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-11-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c10a915e4b034bf6a7e4f6c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ravi, Sujith","contributorId":202738,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ravi","given":"Sujith","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36520,"text":"Department of Earth and Environmental Science, Temple University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":749733,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gonzales, Howell B.","contributorId":202737,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gonzales","given":"Howell","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":36520,"text":"Department of Earth and Environmental Science, Temple University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":749734,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Buynevich, Ilya V.","contributorId":210064,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Buynevich","given":"Ilya","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":38063,"text":"Department of Earth and Environmental Science, Temple University, 1901 N. 13th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":749735,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Li, Junran","contributorId":202740,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Li","given":"Junran","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36521,"text":"Department of Geosciences, University of Tulsa","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":749737,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sankey, Joel B. 0000-0003-3150-4992 jsankey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3150-4992","contributorId":3935,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sankey","given":"Joel","email":"jsankey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":749738,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Dukes, David","contributorId":202736,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dukes","given":"David","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36520,"text":"Department of Earth and Environmental Science, Temple University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":749736,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Wang, Guan","contributorId":202741,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wang","given":"Guan","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36521,"text":"Department of Geosciences, University of Tulsa","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":749739,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70200598,"text":"70200598 - 2019 - Movements of female Sage Grouse Centrocercus urophasianus during incubation recess","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-01-28T08:55:17","indexId":"70200598","displayToPublicDate":"2018-10-25T12:02:36","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1961,"text":"Ibis","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Movements of female Sage Grouse Centrocercus urophasianus during incubation recess","title":"Movements of female Sage Grouse Centrocercus urophasianus during incubation recess","docAbstract":"We combined GPS data‐loggers, VHF transmitters, and DVR video‐monitoring to measure fine‐scale movement patterns during daily incubation recesses by female Sage Grouse Centrocercus urophasianus, a species with uniparental incubation that has experienced widespread population decline and distributional contraction. Most (69.6%) Sage Grouse recess activity was highly localized within a core recess area averaging 2.58 ± 0.64 ha and females remained within 242.3 ± 30.0 m from the nest during recesses (total recess areas were 11.06 ± 2.27 ha). Visually conspicuous Sage Grouse movements near nests at the start and end of recesses and consistent occupation of core recess areas point to a mechanism for newly abundant predators such as the Northern Raven Corvus corax to detect and depredate Sage Grouse nests. Our methods apply to other avian species of scientific interest and conservation concern.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/ibi.12670","usgsCitation":"Dudko, J.E., Coates, P.S., and Delehanty, D.J., 2019, Movements of female Sage Grouse Centrocercus urophasianus during incubation recess: Ibis, v. 161, no. 1, p. 222-229, https://doi.org/10.1111/ibi.12670.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"222","endPage":"229","ipdsId":"IP-088691","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":468065,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ibi.12670","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":358810,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"161","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-10-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c10a915e4b034bf6a7e4f6f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dudko, Jonathan E.","contributorId":210049,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dudko","given":"Jonathan","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":38059,"text":"Idaho State U","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":749692,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Coates, Peter S. 0000-0003-2672-9994 pcoates@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2672-9994","contributorId":3263,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coates","given":"Peter","email":"pcoates@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":749691,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Delehanty, David J.","contributorId":195584,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Delehanty","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":749693,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70223221,"text":"70223221 - 2019 - Behavior and survival of stocked trout in southern Appalachian Mountain streams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-19T13:50:16.146081","indexId":"70223221","displayToPublicDate":"2018-10-25T07:46:01","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Behavior and survival of stocked trout in southern Appalachian Mountain streams","docAbstract":"Stocking of trout to support recreational fisheries is a common practice among state and federal agencies to meet angling and harvest demands. Success of stocking efforts relies upon fish behavior and survival to maximize the availability of fish to anglers. We quantitatively described the movement behavior and survival of stocked Brook Trout Salvelinus fontinalis, Brown Trout Salmo trutta, and Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus mykiss in three southern Appalachian Mountain streams in western North Carolina, USA, that were managed under delayed harvest regulations. Hatchery trout were tagged with a combination of PIT tags and radio transmitters (radio tags); stocked into “Delayed Harvest Trout Waters” of the North Toe, East Prong Roaring, and Little rivers; and monitored during the catch-and-release season from October to June. Assessed according to river and species, 19–65% of trout emigrated from the delayed harvest study reaches, while 1–29% died within the reaches. The majority of radio-tagged fish (71%; 59–85% by river) remained within 2 km of the stocking location, whereas 6% migrated over 10 km from the stocking location. Few trout stocked during fall (October and November) were available to anglers the following June due to a combination of migration and mortality. Emigration from delayed harvest study reaches was associated with stocking and high-flow events. Multi-state modeling detailed these observations with weekly estimates of migration and survival rates. River-specific differences in emigration and mortality suggested that emigration was a greater source of trout loss than mortality in all rivers; no pattern related to river size was apparent in emigration, but mortality was greater in small streams. Brook Trout mortality rates were highest among the three species, and large fish of most species showed higher emigration and mortality than catchable-sized trout. Fisheries managers can apply our results to alter stocking regimes so as to enhance the efficiency of stocking and the acclimation of stocked trout to instream environments.
Life-cycle models combine several strengths for estimating population parameters and biological reference points of harvested species and are particularly useful for those exhibiting distinct habitat shifts and experiencing contrasting environments. Unfortunately, time series data are often limited to counts of adult abundance and harvest. By incorporating data from other populations and by dynamically linking the life-history stages, Bayesian life-cycle models can be used to estimate stage-specific productivities and capacities as well as abundance of breeders that produce maximum sustained yield (MSY). Using coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) as our case study, we show that incorporating information on marine survival variability from nearby populations can improve model estimates and affect management parameters such as escapement at MSY. We further show that the expected long-term average yield of a fishery managed for a spawner escapement target that produces MSY strongly depends on the average marine survival. Our results illustrate the usefulness of incorporating information from other sources and highlight the importance of accounting for variation in marine survival when making inferences about the management of Pacific salmon.
","language":"English","publisher":"Canadian Science Publishing","doi":"10.1139/cjfas-2017-0382","usgsCitation":"Ohlberger, J., Brinkman, S.J., Crain, P., Pess, G.R., Duda, J.J., Buehrens, T.W., Quinn, T.P., and Hilborn, R., 2019, A Bayesian life-cycle model to estimate escapement at maximum sustained yield in salmon based on limited information: Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 76, no. 2, p. 299-307, https://doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2017-0382.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"299","endPage":"307","ipdsId":"IP-090701","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":501058,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1807/90654","text":"External Repository"},{"id":358729,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -125,\n 47\n ],\n [\n -122.5,\n 47\n ],\n [\n -122.5,\n 48.4\n ],\n [\n -125,\n 48.4\n ],\n [\n -125,\n 47\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"76","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c10a916e4b034bf6a7e4f7e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ohlberger, Jan","contributorId":210015,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ohlberger","given":"Jan","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":38048,"text":"School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":749596,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brinkman, Samuel J.","contributorId":210016,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brinkman","given":"Samuel","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":38049,"text":"National Park Service, Olympic National Park, 600 East Park Avenue, Port Angeles, WA 98362","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":749597,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Crain, Patrick","contributorId":210017,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Crain","given":"Patrick","affiliations":[{"id":38049,"text":"National Park Service, Olympic National Park, 600 East Park Avenue, Port Angeles, WA 98362","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":749598,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pess, George R.","contributorId":13501,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pess","given":"George","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":6578,"text":"National Marine Fisheries Service, Seattle, WA 98112, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":749599,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Duda, Jeffrey J. 0000-0001-7431-8634 jduda@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7431-8634","contributorId":148954,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duda","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jduda@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":749595,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Buehrens, Thomas W.","contributorId":210018,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Buehrens","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":38048,"text":"School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":749600,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Quinn, Thomas P.","contributorId":167272,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Quinn","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":24671,"text":"School of Aquatic and Fsiery Sciences, UW, Box 355020, Seattle, WA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":749601,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Hilborn, Ray","contributorId":177767,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hilborn","given":"Ray","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":749602,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70230713,"text":"70230713 - 2019 - Earthquake catalogs for the USGS National Seismic Hazard Maps","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-04-22T11:53:39.704722","indexId":"70230713","displayToPublicDate":"2018-10-24T06:51:09","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3372,"text":"Seismological Research Letters","onlineIssn":"1938-2057","printIssn":"0895-0695","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Earthquake catalogs for the USGS National Seismic Hazard Maps","docAbstract":"We describe a methodology that has been developed at the U.S. Geological Survey for making earthquake catalogs for seismic hazard analysis and review the status of the catalogs for the conterminous United States. A new catalog is assembled from several pre‐existing catalogs. Uniform moment magnitudes and related parameters for estimating unbiased seismicity rates are calculated. Duplicates, explosions, mining‐related earthquakes, and induced earthquakes are flagged, and the catalog is declustered. Distinct catalogs are made for the central and eastern United States and the western United States.
Due to the small population size (∼400 birds) and continuing threats to wild Whooping Cranes (Grus americana), an ex situ (captive) population is maintained to contribute to the recovery of the species. The goals of the captive breeding program are to provide opportunity for research and birds for reintroduction. However, reproduction among captive birds is far from optimal. Specifically, whooping cranes maintained ex situ experience delayed onset of reproduction as well as low rates of egg production and egg fertility when compared to wild populations. To improve the contribution of the captive population to Whooping Crane recovery, there is a need to (1) advance the understanding about the mechanisms regulating ovarian function and egg production, especially the influence of males (their presence and behavior) on endocrine and reproductive behavior in females, as well as (2) identify the underlying cause(s) of poor reproduction in Whooping Cranes housed ex situ. In this chapter, we summarize current knowledge of Whooping Crane reproduction with a focus on egg production and fertility. We also discuss management strategies, such as environmental management, and reproductive technologies, including artificial insemination and sperm cryopreservation that may benefit captive reproduction, and finish with a discussion of future research priorities.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Whooping Cranes: Biology and conservation","language":"English","publisher":"Academic Press","doi":"10.1016/B978-0-12-803555-9.00017-7","usgsCitation":"Songsasen, N., Converse, S.J., and Brown, M., 2019, Reproduction and reproductive strategies relevant to management of Whooping Cranes ex situ, chap. of Whooping Cranes: Biology and conservation, p. 373-387, https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-803555-9.00017-7.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"373","endPage":"387","ipdsId":"IP-076819","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":358687,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":10,"text":"Baltimore PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c10a8dde4b034bf6a7e4d95","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Songsasen, Nucharin","contributorId":146371,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Songsasen","given":"Nucharin","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7035,"text":"Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological Park","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":748990,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Converse, Sarah J. 0000-0002-3719-5441 sconverse@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3719-5441","contributorId":173772,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Converse","given":"Sarah","email":"sconverse@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":748989,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brown, Megan","contributorId":209991,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brown","given":"Megan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":748991,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70200459,"text":"70200459 - 2019 - Population dynamics of reintroduced Whooping Cranes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-23T14:19:02","indexId":"70200459","displayToPublicDate":"2018-10-23T14:18:41","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Population dynamics of reintroduced Whooping Cranes","docAbstract":"Because of the small size and restricted range of the Aransas-Wood Buffalo Population, reintroduction is a prominent element of the recovery effort to ensure persistence of Whooping Cranes (Grus americana). A fundamental objective of all Whooping Crane reintroduction efforts is the establishment of a self-sustaining population. Therefore, success of reintroduction efforts will ultimately be determined by demography: births and deaths of Whooping Cranes in the released population. We present a detailed review of the demographic modeling efforts for two reintroduced populations of Whooping Cranes: the Florida Nonmigratory Population and the Eastern Migratory Population. Both of these populations have struggled with poor demographic performance, and the Florida Nonmigratory Population is now nearly extirpated. The focus of our review is on the models used to represent Whooping Crane population dynamics and the major uncertainties that still exist about population dynamics in reintroduced Whooping Cranes. We also discuss the centrality of population models to the management of reintroduced Whooping Cranes, and the use of decision analysis to navigate multiple-objective decisions made under uncertainty. Development of demographic models, and articulation and testing of hypotheses about the causes of poor demographic performance in reintroduced populations, will continue to be research areas of importance in support of Whooping Crane reintroduction.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Whooping Cranes: Biology and conservation","language":"English","publisher":"Academic Press","doi":"10.1016/B978-0-12-803555-9.00007-4","usgsCitation":"Converse, S.J., Servanty, S., Moore, C.T., and Runge, M.C., 2019, Population dynamics of reintroduced Whooping Cranes, chap. of Whooping Cranes: Biology and conservation, p. 139-160, https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-803555-9.00007-4.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"139","endPage":"160","ipdsId":"IP-076813","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":358686,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":10,"text":"Baltimore PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c10a8dee4b034bf6a7e4d99","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Converse, Sarah J. 0000-0002-3719-5441 sconverse@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3719-5441","contributorId":173772,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Converse","given":"Sarah","email":"sconverse@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":748973,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Servanty, Sabrina","contributorId":209864,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Servanty","given":"Sabrina","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":748974,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Moore, Clinton T. 0000-0002-6053-2880 cmoore@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6053-2880","contributorId":3643,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"Clinton","email":"cmoore@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":748975,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Runge, Michael C. 0000-0002-8081-536X mrunge@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8081-536X","contributorId":3358,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Runge","given":"Michael","email":"mrunge@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":748976,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70200461,"text":"70200461 - 2019 - Whooping Cranes past and present","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-24T10:32:34","indexId":"70200461","displayToPublicDate":"2018-10-23T14:16:48","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Whooping Cranes past and present","docAbstract":"The Whooping Crane (Grus americana), endemic to North America, is the rarest of all crane species. It is believed that in the early 1800s, the Whooping Crane was widespread in North America, though it was never very abundant. Whooping Crane numbers decreased precipitously as westward migration of Euro-American settlers converted prairie to cropland and the birds were hunted. By the early 1940s the total population was as low as 21 individuals; the migratory Aransas-Wood Buffalo Population, from which all extant Whooping Cranes are descended, dwindled to 16 in 1941. The threat of extinction was very real. These dire circumstances excited the interest of ornithologists and conservationists in the United States and Canada, and much has been accomplished since to conserve the species. To describe the historical and ongoing conservation activities for Whooping Cranes, we distinguish two eras of Whooping Crane Conservation: before 1950 and after 1950. The first era was characterized by publicizing the plight of the Whooping Crane and halting hunting and habitat destruction. The second era, continuing to the present, has been characterized by development of information about cranes through scientific study, conservation efforts of governmental and nongovernmental organizations, protection of the species under the Endangered Species Act in the United States and the Species at Risk Act in Canada, habitat protection, and reintroduction of new populations of Whooping Cranes. Publication of the monograph, The Whooping Crane by Robert Porter Allen, in 1952 stimulated much of the work of the second era, and still stands as the definitive work on the biology of Whooping Cranes. The remnant Aransas Wood Buffalo Population, which is crucial to species recovery, has grown to over 430 birds as of winter 2016–17. Four reintroduced populations were started in the second era; two are currently active efforts (the Eastern Migratory population and the Louisiana Nonmigratory Population), although neither population is selfsustaining. This volume gathers together the current scientific information about Whooping Cranes and the experiences of various reintroduction and management operations, to provide a baseline from which a third era of Whooping Crane conservation may be launched.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Whooping Cranes: Biology and conservation","language":"English","publisher":"Academic Press","doi":"10.1016/B978-0-12-803555-9.00001-3","usgsCitation":"French, J., Converse, S.J., and Austin, J.E., 2019, Whooping Cranes past and present, chap. of Whooping Cranes: Biology and conservation, p. 3-16, https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-803555-9.00001-3.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"3","endPage":"16","ipdsId":"IP-092444","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":358685,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":10,"text":"Baltimore PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c10a8dee4b034bf6a7e4d9e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"French, John B. Jr. 0000-0001-8901-7092","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8901-7092","contributorId":209865,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"French","given":"John B.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":748979,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Converse, Sarah J. 0000-0002-3719-5441 sconverse@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3719-5441","contributorId":173772,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Converse","given":"Sarah","email":"sconverse@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":748981,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Austin, Jane E. 0000-0001-8775-2210 jaustin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8775-2210","contributorId":146411,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Austin","given":"Jane","email":"jaustin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":748980,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70200462,"text":"70200462 - 2019 - Reproductive failure in the Eastern Migratory Population: The interaction of research and management","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-23T14:15:18","indexId":"70200462","displayToPublicDate":"2018-10-23T14:14:49","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Reproductive failure in the Eastern Migratory Population: The interaction of research and management","docAbstract":"The reintroduction of the Eastern Migratory Population of Whooping Cranes (Grus americana) has shown the most promise of any effort to date toward the establishment of a self-sustaining population. However, reproduction – including both nest success and chick survival – has been a major challenge. Here, we review the research and management efforts deployed to identify and address this challenge. While there is evidence that a proximal cause of nest failure is harassment by blood-feeding black flies (Simulium spp.), this is not likely to be the only contributing factor, and we present alternative hypotheses. There is less understanding of the causes of poor chick survival, and we present hypotheses for factors that may be contributing to chick mortality, including environmental, genetic, and behavioral factors. For both nest success and chick survival, we carried out a value of information analysis, using expert judgment, which allowed us to prioritize the alternative hypotheses for evaluation based on the expected management benefit of addressing each hypothesis. On the horizon are multiple opportunities to explore hypotheses about environmental factors as well as genetic and behavioral characteristics of the birds themselves that may contribute to poor reproduction. If bird-specific characteristics, such as genetics or rearing methods, are hindering reproduction, this has important implications for all efforts to restore Whooping Crane populations.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Whooping Cranes: Biology and conservation","language":"English","publisher":"Academic Press","doi":"10.1016/B978-0-12-803555-9.00008-6","usgsCitation":"Converse, S.J., Strobel, B.N., and Barzen, J.A., 2019, Reproductive failure in the Eastern Migratory Population: The interaction of research and management, chap. of Whooping Cranes: Biology and conservation, p. 161-178, https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-803555-9.00008-6.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"161","endPage":"178","ipdsId":"IP-076816","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":358684,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":10,"text":"Baltimore PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c10a8dee4b034bf6a7e4da1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Converse, Sarah J. 0000-0002-3719-5441 sconverse@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3719-5441","contributorId":173772,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Converse","given":"Sarah","email":"sconverse@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":748982,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Strobel, Bradley N.","contributorId":56451,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Strobel","given":"Bradley","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":748983,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Barzen, Jeb A.","contributorId":190797,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Barzen","given":"Jeb","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":748984,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70200343,"text":"70200343 - 2019 - Mortality in Aransas-Wood Buffalo Whooping Cranes: Timing, location, and causes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-23T14:07:48","indexId":"70200343","displayToPublicDate":"2018-10-23T14:07:35","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Mortality in Aransas-Wood Buffalo Whooping Cranes: Timing, location, and causes","docAbstract":"For long-lived species with low fecundity rates, population growth rate can be sensitive to changes in annual survival. Understanding where, when, and why animals die provides useful information for prioritizing conservation practices designed to increase survival. As part of a satellite tracking study, we identified 19 confirmed and suspected deaths of Whooping Cranes of various ages from the Aransas-Wood Buffalo Population. Of these, more occurred during winter (∼45%), compared with summer (∼40%) or migration (∼15%). Summer mortalities occurred exclusively within Wood Buffalo National Park, and all winter mortalities occurred on the primary wintering grounds along the Texas Gulf Coast. Predation was the most common cause identified; proximate cause of mortality was not known for most of the birds. Previous assessments of mortality, based on assumptions and some supporting data, speculated that most mortality occurred during migration. Although preliminary, our results are based on stronger evidence and provide a different perspective. Migration may be less risky than previously assumed and of similar risk to other seasons; thus, conservation or management efforts to reduce mortality may have greater effect when focused during breeding and wintering periods, although feasibility and efficacy of these actions will need to be determined.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Whooping Cranes: Biology and conservation","language":"English","publisher":"Academic Press","doi":"10.1016/B978-0-12-803555-9.00006-2","usgsCitation":"Pearse, A.T., Brandt, D.A., Hartup, B.K., and Bidwell, M., 2019, Mortality in Aransas-Wood Buffalo Whooping Cranes: Timing, location, and causes, chap. of Whooping Cranes: Biology and conservation, p. 125-138, https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-803555-9.00006-2.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"125","endPage":"138","ipdsId":"IP-070538","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":358682,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c10a8dfe4b034bf6a7e4da4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pearse, Aaron T. 0000-0002-6137-1556 apearse@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6137-1556","contributorId":1772,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pearse","given":"Aaron","email":"apearse@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":748410,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brandt, David A. 0000-0001-9786-307X dbrandt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9786-307X","contributorId":149929,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brandt","given":"David","email":"dbrandt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":748411,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hartup, Barry K.","contributorId":209630,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hartup","given":"Barry","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":16606,"text":"International Crane Foundation","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":748412,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bidwell, Mark T.","contributorId":139204,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bidwell","given":"Mark T.","affiliations":[{"id":12696,"text":"Environmental Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":748413,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70200477,"text":"70200477 - 2019 - Statistical detection of flow regime changes in horizontal hydraulically fractured Bakken oil wells","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-01-28T08:57:31","indexId":"70200477","displayToPublicDate":"2018-10-20T17:25:08","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2832,"text":"Natural Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1573-8981","printIssn":"1520-7439","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Statistical detection of flow regime changes in horizontal hydraulically fractured Bakken oil wells","docAbstract":"The application of horizontal and hydraulically fractured wells for producing oil from low permeability formations has changed the face of the North American oil industry. One feature of the production profile of many such wells is a transition from transient linear oil flow to boundary-dominated flow. The identification of the time of this transition is important for the calibration of models that forecast the well’s future production and the expected ultimate recovery. It is preferable that such models generally use data from the boundary-dominated flow regime for parameter calibration. Accurate well production forecasts are needed for operational decisions, long-term planning, commercial transactions, regulatory proceedings, and asset valuation. Petroleum engineers frequently make the call on the transition point based on subjective visual interpretations of log–log plots for individual wells. This is time-consuming and is generally not repeatable by other analysts. This note evaluates statistical approaches that can serve as alternatives to the subjective visual interpretations. Specifically, the predictive performance of production models calibrated with boundary-dominated data based on transition dates calculated with constrained nonlinear least squares and Bayesian regressions was very close to that obtained using the visual method, suggesting that statistical approaches may indeed be constructed to replace less objective visual approaches without loss of accuracy.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s11053-018-9389-0","usgsCitation":"Attanasi, E., Coburn, T., and Ran-McDonald, B., 2019, Statistical detection of flow regime changes in horizontal hydraulically fractured Bakken oil wells: Natural Resources Research, v. 28, no. 1, p. 259-272, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11053-018-9389-0.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"259","endPage":"272","ipdsId":"IP-091903","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":468068,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11053-018-9389-0","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":358589,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"28","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-06-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c10a91ae4b034bf6a7e4fb3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Attanasi, Emil D. 0000-0001-6845-7160 attanasi@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6845-7160","contributorId":198728,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Attanasi","given":"Emil D.","email":"attanasi@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":749069,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Coburn, T.C.","contributorId":209912,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Coburn","given":"T.C.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":38022,"text":"University of Tulsa","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":749070,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ran-McDonald, B.","contributorId":209913,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ran-McDonald","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":38022,"text":"University of Tulsa","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":749071,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70203355,"text":"70203355 - 2019 - Changing station coverage impacts temperature trends in the Upper Colorado River Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-09T09:03:39","indexId":"70203355","displayToPublicDate":"2018-10-19T10:09:48","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2032,"text":"International Journal of Climatology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Changing station coverage impacts temperature trends in the Upper Colorado River Basin","docAbstract":"Over the Upper Colorado River Basin (UCRB), temperatures in widely used gridded data products do not warm as much as mean temperatures from a stable set of U.S. Historical Climatology Network (USHCN) stations, located at generally lower elevations, in most months of the year. This is contrary to expectations of elevation-dependent warming, which suggests that warming increases with elevation. These findings could reflect 1) a genuine absence of elevation-dependent warming in the region, 2) systematic non-climatic influences on either the USHCN stations or high elevation stations, including known inhomogeneities related to changes in the time of observation and instrumentation, or 3) suppression of an elevation-dependent warming signal introduced by changes in the station network. While we cannot categorically dismiss the first two possibilities, we show here that over portions of the 20th century, gridded temperatures warm less than USHCN temperatures and the difference cannot be explained by accounting for known inhomogeneities. These analyses suggest that changing station coverage in the UCRB has influenced trends in gridded temperature estimates that incorporate changing suites of stations over time. Specifically, increases in the number of high-elevation stations in the UCRB may have led to an underestimation of elevation-dependent warming, particularly during the spring and summer. This phenomenon is unlikely limited to this specific basin, and may be present in other high-elevation watersheds across the western U.S.","language":"English","publisher":"Royal Meteorological Society","doi":"10.1002/joc.5898","usgsCitation":"McAfee, S., McCabe, G.J., Gray, S., and Pederson, G.T., 2019, Changing station coverage impacts temperature trends in the Upper Colorado River Basin: International Journal of Climatology, v. 39, no. 3, p. 1517-1538, https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.5898.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"1517","endPage":"1538","ipdsId":"IP-092579","costCenters":[{"id":107,"text":"Alaska Climate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":363584,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Upper Colorado River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -112,\n 36.5\n ],\n [\n -106,\n 36.5\n ],\n [\n -106,\n 44\n ],\n [\n -112,\n 44\n ],\n [\n -112,\n 36.5\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"39","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-11-13","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McAfee, Stephanie A.","contributorId":167115,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McAfee","given":"Stephanie A.","affiliations":[{"id":24618,"text":"Department of Geography, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":762282,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McCabe, Gregory J. 0000-0002-9258-2997 gmccabe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9258-2997","contributorId":200854,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCabe","given":"Gregory","email":"gmccabe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":762283,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gray, Stephen T. 0000-0002-0959-3418 sgray@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0959-3418","contributorId":209851,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gray","given":"Stephen","email":"sgray@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":107,"text":"Alaska Climate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":762284,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pederson, Gregory T. 0000-0002-6014-1425 gpederson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6014-1425","contributorId":3106,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pederson","given":"Gregory","email":"gpederson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":762281,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70219472,"text":"70219472 - 2019 - Globally detected volcanic lightning and umbrella dynamics during the 2014 eruption of Kelud, Indonesia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-08T12:19:25.733572","indexId":"70219472","displayToPublicDate":"2018-10-18T07:16:59","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Globally detected volcanic lightning and umbrella dynamics during the 2014 eruption of Kelud, Indonesia","docAbstract":"Volcanic lightning shows considerable promise as a monitoring and research tool to characterize explosive eruptions. Its key strengths are rapid and remote detection, because the radio signals produced by lightning can propagate thousands of km at the speed of light. Despite these tantalizing properties, the scientific work on volcanic lightning has only recently started gaining momentum. Much more is needed to understand what lightning reveals about the evolution of an eruption in near-real time. Here we examine the timing and energy release of lightning generated by the eruption of Kelud volcano in Indonesia on 13 February 2014, as detected by the World Wide Lightning Location Network (WWLLN). The eruption column reached at least 26 km above sea level, representing the highest plume since the advent of global lightning networks in the last decade. Therefore, it provides valuable constraints on the electrification of end-member, sustained Plinian columns. We investigate the lightning in context with satellite images, photographs, and other published studies. Results show that the earliest satellite-detected activity was a thermal anomaly at ~15:46 UTC, corresponding to a directed blast at the onset of eruption (and only a few lightning strokes). Following a brief pause, the eruption produced a sustained column and umbrella cloud that spread outward into the tropical stratosphere. Rates of umbrella expansion provide an average mass eruption rate (MER) in the range of 8 × 107–1 × 108 kg s−1. A more nuanced picture emerges from the time-varying MERs (determined between each satellite pass), which show rapid intensification during the first hour of eruption, followed by constant MER for about an hour, and waning toward the end (after ~17:50 UTC). At this stage, decreasing flux into the umbrella cloud coincides with column instability and formation of pyroclastic density currents, as recorded by photos from the ground ~17:45 UTC. We infer that some of the erupted mass partitioned into ground-hugging currents, leading to a lower apparent MER. Interestingly, there is not a 1:1 correlation between lightning intensity and MER over the course of eruption. Stroke rates increase sharply within the first 30–40 min (during rapid intensification of the plume), and then drop below 2 strokes per min once the MER remains constant. This suggests that electrification was controlled by the rate of increase in MER—in other words, the acceleration of particles out of the vent. We also show that lightning stroke-rates and energies are greatest within 50 km of the vent, even when the ash cloud extends >200 km downwind, indicating that lightning was focused in the regions of highest particle concentration and turbulence. Overall, we conclude that abrupt changes in lightning rates are clearly linked to changes in eruption behavior, and that rapid detection could aid monitoring efforts to characterize eruption rates or styles.
Introductions of nonnative predators often reduce biodiversity and affect natural predator–prey relationships and may increase the abundance of potential disease vectors (e.g., mosquitoes) indirectly through competition or predation cascades. The Santa Monica Mountains (California, U.S.A.), situated in a global biodiversity hotspot, is an area of conservation concern due to climate change, urbanization, and the introduction of nonnative species. We examined the effect of nonnative crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) on an existing native predator, dragonfly nymphs (Aeshna sp.), and their mosquito larvae (Anopheles sp.) prey. We used laboratory experiments to compare the predation efficiency of both predators, separately and together, and field data on counts of dragonfly nymphs and mosquito larvae sampled from 13 local streams. We predicted a lower predation efficiency of crayfish compared with native dragonfly nymphs and a reduced predation efficiency of dragonfly nymphs in the presence of crayfish. Dragonfly nymphs were an order of magnitude more efficient predators than crayfish, and dragonfly nymph predation efficiency was reduced in the presence of crayfish. Field count data showed that populations of dragonfly nymphs and mosquito larvae were strongly correlated with crayfish presence in streams, such that sites with crayfish tended to have fewer dragonfly nymphs and more mosquito larvae. Under natural conditions, it is likely that crayfish reduce the abundance of dragonfly nymphs and their predation efficiency and thereby, directly and indirectly, lead to higher mosquito populations and a loss of ecosystem services related to disease vector control.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/cobi.13198","usgsCitation":"Bucciarelli, G.M., Suh, D., Davis Lamb, A., Roberts, D., Sharpton, D., Shaffer, H.B., Fisher, R.N., and Kats, L.B., 2019, Assessing effects of nonnative crayfish on mosquito survival: Conservation Biology, v. 33, no. 1, p. 122-131, https://doi.org/10.1111/cobi.13198.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"122","endPage":"131","ipdsId":"IP-096785","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":468072,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cobi.13198","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":358383,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -119.08218383789062,\n 33.98664113654014\n ],\n [\n -118.4600830078125,\n 33.98664113654014\n ],\n [\n -118.4600830078125,\n 34.25948651450623\n ],\n [\n -119.08218383789062,\n 34.25948651450623\n ],\n [\n -119.08218383789062,\n 33.98664113654014\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"33","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-09-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c10a91fe4b034bf6a7e4ffd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bucciarelli, Gary M.","contributorId":209642,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bucciarelli","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":13399,"text":"UCLA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":748473,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Suh, Daniel","contributorId":209641,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Suh","given":"Daniel","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":37949,"text":"Pepperdine University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":748472,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Davis Lamb, Avery","contributorId":209643,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Davis Lamb","given":"Avery","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":37949,"text":"Pepperdine University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":748476,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Roberts, Dave","contributorId":150673,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Roberts","given":"Dave","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13655,"text":"Montana State Univ.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":748477,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sharpton, Debra","contributorId":209644,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sharpton","given":"Debra","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":37950,"text":"Mountains Restoration Trust","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":748478,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Shaffer, H. Bradley","contributorId":202769,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shaffer","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"Bradley","affiliations":[{"id":12763,"text":"University of California, Los Angeles","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":748474,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Fisher, Robert N. 0000-0002-2956-3240 rfisher@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2956-3240","contributorId":1529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisher","given":"Robert","email":"rfisher@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":748471,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Kats, Lee B.","contributorId":208330,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kats","given":"Lee","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":37783,"text":"Seaver College, Pepperdine University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":748475,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70215265,"text":"70215265 - 2019 - Prevalence of three-chick nests in Adelie Penguins Pygoscelis adeliae at Cape Crozier, Ross Island","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-15T22:16:56.132531","indexId":"70215265","displayToPublicDate":"2018-10-14T12:42:21","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2675,"text":"Marine Ornithology: Journal of Seabird Research and Conservation","onlineIssn":"2074-1235","printIssn":"1018-3337","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Prevalence of three-chick nests in Adelie Penguins Pygoscelis adeliae at Cape Crozier, Ross Island","title":"Prevalence of three-chick nests in Adelie Penguins Pygoscelis adeliae at Cape Crozier, Ross Island","docAbstract":"In 2017/18, we recorded multiple instances of Adelie Penguin Pygoscelis adeliae nests containing three chicks at Cape Crozier, Ross Island, Antarctica. In one sub-colony, 0.67 % of nests had three chicks, or two chicks and one egg. We found that some Adelie Penguin pairs were willing to brood three chicks, as well as chicks that were not their own. Many factors could lead to supra-normal clutches and broods, including foreign eggs added to a nest, adoption of chicks belonging to other parents, and double-yolked eggs. In order to understand the true cost of colonial breeding in large Adelie Penguin colonies and to assess the source of chicks or eggs in supra-normal clutches and broods, we conclude that future studies should examine the frequency of supra-normal clutches and broods and analyze the genetics of chicks within sub-colonies.
","language":"English","publisher":"Marine Ornithology","usgsCitation":"Morandini, V., Lescröel, A., Jongsomjit, D., Winquist, S., Schmidt, A., Ballard, G., Kappes, P., and Dugger, K., 2019, Prevalence of three-chick nests in Adelie Penguins Pygoscelis adeliae at Cape Crozier, Ross Island: Marine Ornithology: Journal of Seabird Research and Conservation, v. 47, no. 1, p. 77-80.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"77","endPage":"80","ipdsId":"IP-100353","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":379377,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":381045,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.marineornithology.org/content/get.cgi?rn=1295"}],"otherGeospatial":"Antarctica, Ross Island","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 165.56396484375,\n -77.91566898632583\n ],\n [\n 170.00244140625,\n -77.91566898632583\n ],\n [\n 170.00244140625,\n -77.05911588252368\n ],\n [\n 165.56396484375,\n -77.05911588252368\n ],\n [\n 165.56396484375,\n -77.91566898632583\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"47","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Morandini, Virginia","contributorId":243029,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Morandini","given":"Virginia","affiliations":[{"id":25426,"text":"OSU","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":801383,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lescröel, Amelie","contributorId":243030,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lescröel","given":"Amelie","affiliations":[{"id":48619,"text":"pbcs","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":801384,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jongsomjit, Dennis","contributorId":197716,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jongsomjit","given":"Dennis","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":801385,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Winquist, Suzanne","contributorId":243031,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Winquist","given":"Suzanne","affiliations":[{"id":48619,"text":"pbcs","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":801386,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Schmidt, Annie","contributorId":197714,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schmidt","given":"Annie","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":801387,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ballard, Grant","contributorId":197700,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ballard","given":"Grant","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":801388,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Kappes, Peter","contributorId":243032,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kappes","given":"Peter","affiliations":[{"id":25426,"text":"OSU","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":801389,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Dugger, Katie M. 0000-0002-4148-246X cdugger@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4148-246X","contributorId":4399,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dugger","given":"Katie","email":"cdugger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":801390,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70200340,"text":"70200340 - 2019 - Potential responses of the Lower Missouri River Shovelnose Sturgeon (Scaphirhynchus platorynchus) population to a commercial fishing ban","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-04T11:22:09","indexId":"70200340","displayToPublicDate":"2018-10-12T14:20:54","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2166,"text":"Journal of Applied Ichthyology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Potential responses of the Lower Missouri River Shovelnose Sturgeon (Scaphirhynchus platorynchus) population to a commercial fishing ban","title":"Potential responses of the Lower Missouri River Shovelnose Sturgeon (Scaphirhynchus platorynchus) population to a commercial fishing ban","docAbstract":"We developed an age‐structured population matrix model to perform population viability analysis for Lower Missouri River (LMR) shovelnose sturgeon (Scaphirhynchus platorynchus). We investigated potential effects of the commercial fishing moratorium put in place to help protect the similar‐appearing pallid sturgeon (S. albus). The model applies different components of total variance in life history parameters at different levels: sampling variance (parameter uncertainty) between model iterations; temporal variance (temporal environmental fluctuations) between time steps within iterations; and individual variance (individual differences) within each time‐step. The model predicted annual rates of population increase of 1.96% under historic fishing and 2.67% with removal of historic fishing. We identified combinations of fishing and harvest size restrictions that would permit a sustainable harvest of shovelnose sturgeon. Overall, the ban on commercial fishing of shovelnose sturgeon in the LMR due to similarity of appearance to pallid sturgeon should help the LMR shovelnose sturgeon population begin to rebound while decreasing any negative effects it may have had on pallid sturgeon populations.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/jai.13701","usgsCitation":"Green, N., Wildhaber, M.L., and Albers, J.L., 2019, Potential responses of the Lower Missouri River Shovelnose Sturgeon (Scaphirhynchus platorynchus) population to a commercial fishing ban: Journal of Applied Ichthyology, v. 35, no. 1, p. 370-377, https://doi.org/10.1111/jai.13701.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"370","endPage":"377","ipdsId":"IP-072152","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":468073,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jai.13701","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":358350,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Lower Missouri River basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116.103515625,\n 37.020098201368114\n ],\n [\n -90.087890625,\n 37.020098201368114\n ],\n [\n -90.087890625,\n 49.009050809382046\n ],\n [\n -116.103515625,\n 49.009050809382046\n ],\n [\n -116.103515625,\n 37.020098201368114\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"35","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-05-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c10a91fe4b034bf6a7e5004","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Green, Nicholas S. 0000-0002-8538-4191","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8538-4191","contributorId":202040,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Green","given":"Nicholas S.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":748390,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wildhaber, Mark L. 0000-0002-6538-9083 mwildhaber@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6538-9083","contributorId":1386,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wildhaber","given":"Mark","email":"mwildhaber@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":748391,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Albers, Janice L. 0000-0002-6312-8269 jalbers@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6312-8269","contributorId":3972,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Albers","given":"Janice","email":"jalbers@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":748392,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70200339,"text":"70200339 - 2019 - Water-quality trends in U.S. rivers, 2002 to 2012: Relations to levels of concern","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-23T10:20:52","indexId":"70200339","displayToPublicDate":"2018-10-12T14:16:42","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3352,"text":"Science of the Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Water-quality trends in U.S. rivers, 2002 to 2012: Relations to levels of concern","docAbstract":"Effective management and protection of water resources relies upon understanding how water-quality conditions are changing over time. Water-quality trends for ammonia, chloride, nitrate, sulfate, total dissolved solids (TDS), total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) were assessed at 762 sites located in the conterminous United States between 2002 and 2012. Annual mean concentrations at the start and end of the trend period were compared to an environmentally meaningful level of concern (LOC) to categorize patterns in water-quality changes. Trend direction, magnitude, and the proximity of concentrations to LOCs were investigated. Of the 1956 site-constituent combinations investigated, 30% were above the LOC in 2002, and only six (0.3%) crossed the LOC threshold, either from above or below, indicating that waterquality conditions are not substantially improving, nor are they degrading, in relation to the LOCs. The concentrations of ammonia, nitrate, sulfate, chloride, and TDS tended to be below the LOC, and in cases where the trend was increasing (concentrations approached the LOC from below), the increases were varied and small in magnitude. In contrast, concentrations of TN and TP tended to be above the LOC, and where the trend was decreasing (concentrations approached the LOC from above), the decreases were larger in magnitude and more consistent. These results indicate that if water-quality conditions continue to trend in the same direction, at the same rate, for all sites and constituents studied, elevated concentrations are more likely to drop below an LOC before low concentrations will exceed an LOC.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.09.377","usgsCitation":"Shoda, M.E., Sprague, L.A., Murphy, J.C., and Riskin, M.L., 2019, Water-quality trends in U.S. rivers, 2002 to 2012: Relations to levels of concern: Science of the Total Environment, v. 650, no. 2, p. 2314-2324, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.09.377.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"2314","endPage":"2324","ipdsId":"IP-099077","costCenters":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":468074,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.09.377","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":358349,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","volume":"650","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":15,"text":"Madison PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c10a8e0e4b034bf6a7e4dad","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shoda, Megan E. 0000-0002-5343-9717 meshoda@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5343-9717","contributorId":4352,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shoda","given":"Megan","email":"meshoda@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":35860,"text":"Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27231,"text":"Indiana-Kentucky Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":748386,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sprague, Lori A. 0000-0003-2832-6662 lsprague@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2832-6662","contributorId":726,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sprague","given":"Lori","email":"lsprague@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":509,"text":"Office of the Associate Director for Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":748387,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Murphy, Jennifer C. 0000-0002-0881-0919 jmurphy@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0881-0919","contributorId":167405,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murphy","given":"Jennifer","email":"jmurphy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":748388,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Riskin, Melissa L. 0000-0001-6499-3775 mriskin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6499-3775","contributorId":654,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Riskin","given":"Melissa","email":"mriskin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37786,"text":"WMA - Observing Systems Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":748389,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70207113,"text":"70207113 - 2019 - Testing the potential role of brine reflux in the formation of sedimentary exhalative (Sedex) ore deposits","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-08-06T20:26:40.86865","indexId":"70207113","displayToPublicDate":"2018-10-12T09:36:42","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2954,"text":"Ore Geology Reviews","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Testing the potential role of brine reflux in the formation of sedimentary exhalative (Sedex) ore deposits","docAbstract":"Sedimentary exhalative (sedex) ore deposits are the world’s largest Zn-Pb deposits. While the geologic processes that formed these deposits are generally well understood, the fundamental hydrologic processes that drove these massive hydrothermal systems remain an area of debate. We use numerical modeling to test an emerging hypothesis, supported by recent ore genesis research and sedex basin analysis, that brine reflux flow systems produced and drove the fluids that formed sedex deposits. A previous numerical model of brine reflux, developed to study dolomitization, is adapted to a sedimentary basin with geologic features essential for sedex formation. We simulate the flow of evaporated brines through the basin and the evolution of salinity, temperature, and flow rates, and find that modeled values for these parameters for brines discharging to the seafloor exceed previously established physiochemical thresholds for ore formation (>170 g/L, >80°C, and total discharge volumes >107 m3 per meter perpendicular to the 2D model section). Sensitivity testing of this modest-sized basin highlights the large effect that aspects of the hydrogeologic framework can have on mineralizing potential of the reflux brines. Finally, modeling alternating periods of active and inactive evaporation produces pulsed brine reflux systems capable of producing multiple deposits of different age as observed in many sedex basins. The modeling thus supports the hypothesis that seawater evaporation on the basin margin significantly inboard of sedex deposits may be responsible for their formation. Sensitivity testing suggests that numerical models with more detailed, basin-specific geologic frameworks might be useful for assessing the mineral potential of sedimentary basins.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2018.10.003","usgsCitation":"Manning, A.H., and Emsbo, P., 2019, Testing the potential role of brine reflux in the formation of sedimentary exhalative (Sedex) ore deposits: Ore Geology Reviews, v. 102, p. 862-874, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oregeorev.2018.10.003.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"862","endPage":"874","ipdsId":"IP-097533","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":468075,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oregeorev.2018.10.003","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":370079,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"102","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Manning, Andrew H. 0000-0002-6404-1237 amanning@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6404-1237","contributorId":1305,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Manning","given":"Andrew","email":"amanning@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":776870,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Emsbo, Poul 0000-0001-9421-201X pemsbo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9421-201X","contributorId":997,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Emsbo","given":"Poul","email":"pemsbo@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":776871,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}